AU778897B2 - A locking system - Google Patents

Description

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Applicant(s): ABUS August Bremicker Sohne KG Invention Title: A LOCKING SYSTEM a a The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: Ocum~f~rocalvc~d or".

4 AIICA 9 uuu Batch NO: 1A A 4065 A locking system The invention relates to a locking system comprising a lock cylinder having a key way and a plurality of tumblers and a key by means of which the tumblers are acted on when the key is inserted into the key way, with stop elements being provided both on the lock cylinder side and the key side to define the maximum insertion depth of the key into the key way.

Such locking systems are sufficiently known; however, there is a general need to secure the keys of such locking systems against unauthorised copying to the highest possible degree and to increase the number of possible permutations for the different keys of a locking system.

15 For this purpose, it is proposed in accordance with the invention for all stop elements to be arranged at a distance from the key tip such that when the key is fully inserted into the key way, they are located inside the key way and thus also come to lie spaced from the ends of the lock cylinder.

This feature represents a substantial difference to locking systems in accordance with the prior art, as with known locking systems, there is usually only one stop element provided on the key, which is located between the key head and the key shank and which cooperates with an end of the lock cylinder when the key is inserted. In accordance with the invention, such a cooperation is actually avoided in the region of an end of the lock cylinder, as when the key is inserted into the key way, all stop elements are located inside the key way, at a distance from the key tip, on the one hand, and also at a distance from the ends of the lock cylinder, on the other. This advantageously has the result that commercial key blanks cannot be used to make unauthorised copies as these key blanks do not have stop elements positioned in accordance with the invention.

In addition, it is possible with the stop elements in accordance with the invention to create additional permutation possibilities with regard to the number of different keys available when the shape and/or arrangement of the stop elements differ from locking system to locking system.

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It is preferred if keys and/or lock cylinders have precisely one stop element. It is, however, alternatively possible to provide two or more stop elements on keys and/or lock cylinders.

The stop surfaces of the stop elements, which cooperate with one another, *can extend perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the lock cylinder; however, a slanted alignment of the longitudinal axis to the locking cylinder is generally also possible.

20 The stop element of the key can be arranged on the back of the key, on o one or on both broad sides of the key or in the region of the key bit. When a plurality of stop elements are provided on one key, it is possible to arrange these stop elements on a single one of the regions named above or on different ones thereof.

The stop element(s) can be formed as integral components of the key in a particularly economic embodiment of an arrangement in accordance with the invention.

3 When symmetrical, flat keys are used, it is preferred to have one stop element each on both broad sides of the key, with both stop elements being arranged symmetrically to one another. In this case, the key can be inserted into the associated lock cylinder in two orientations offset to one another by 180 The stop element of the key is preferably formed by a recess or an elevation. It can furthermore be arranged at different positions on different keys with regard to the longitudinal axis of the key, whereby as already mentioned an increase in the permutation possibilities is achieved.

Additional permutation possibilities can also be created by the stop element of the key formed as a recess or an elevation respectively having 15 different depths or heights respectively on different keys.

A reference element can be provided in the region between the key head and the key shank in addition to the stop element described and can be used to make a key which fits a certain locking system. Such a reference i 20 element is helpful for the cutting of keys to allow a correction positioning relative to the key's longitudinal axis of the notches and recesses introduced into a key blank in the cutting procedure.

It is advantageous if this reference element is made as a stop so that the key actually has a first stop, which is used as the reference element for the cutting procedure, and furthermore at least one further stop, which, in accordance with the invention, comes to lie inside the key way and 4 restricts the insertion depth of the key when the key is fully inserted into the key way.

The mentioned reference element is preferably arranged in such a way that it is located at a distance from the ends of the lock cylinder when the key is fully inserted into the key way. This means that the reference element does not actually represent an additional stop for the limitation of the insertion depth of the key, as when the key is fully inserted, it does not have any contact to the lock cylinder or its ends due to the distance mentioned. The only function of the reference element is thus, in fact, the creation of a reference point for the cutting procedure in the making of the The reference element can preferably be made as a conventional key 15 shoulder, which makes the manufacturing procedure more economical as no previously non-usual working steps are required with regard to the manufacture of the reference element.

It is of special advantage if the reference element of the key is arranged at 20 different positions on different keys with regard to the longitudinal axis of the key. Additional permutation possibilities are created in this way.

The stop element of the lock cylinder is preferably made to be stationary.

Such a stationary stop element can be used, for example, in a recess of a lock cylinder core so that a lock cylinder in accordance with the invention can be made economically at a favourable price.

It is, however, also possible to make the stop element of the lock cylinder as a moving tumbler. This tumbler then represents the stop element for a corresponding stop element of the key, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, is moved by a fitting key into such a position that allows a turning of the cylinder core in the lock cylinder, which creates a further permutation possibility. In this case, the tumbler thus fulfils a dual function.

Not only the locking system is protected with the invention, but also a key to be used within the frame of the invention and a key blank to be used S" within the frame of the invention. The key can, in this case, have one or more of the above-mentioned features.

The same applies to a key blank in accordance with the invention. Such a S 15 key blank can have a reference element in accordance with the features described above in connection with the locking system in accordance with the invention, with this reference element preferably being in the region between the key head and the key shank.

20 Further preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

The invention is described below with respect to different embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which are shown: Fig. 1 a partially cut-away lock cylinder with an inserted key in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention; Figs. 2a d schematic views of four different lock cylinders in accordance with the invention; Fig. 3 a key of a locking system in accordance with the invention in accordance with a further embodiment; and Figs. 4a, b schematic views of two further lock cylinders in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of a partially cut-away lock cylinder 1 having a key way 2 into which a key 3 is inserted. In the representation of Fig. 1, the key 3 is inserted up to its maximum insertion depth, that is fully, into the key way 2.

The key cylinder 1 in the embodiment shown is provided with four pin tumblers, with each tumbler comprising two pin elements 4, 5 adjoining one another and one spring 6 each. The pin elements 4, 5 and the spring 6 are arranged in respective bores 7 of the lock cylinder 1.

:i 20 Multiple notches 9 are provided on the bottom side of the key shank 8 to push the pin elements 4 of different lengths inside the bores 7 in such a way, when the key 3 is fully inserted into the lock cylinder 1, that the ends of the pin elements 4 remote from the key shank 8 are in a straight line or in one plane so that it becomes possible to rotate a cylinder core 1' in the lock cylinder 1.

Any other number of tumblers can be used instead of the four shown in Fig. 1. Other types of tumblers, for example disc tumblers, can also be used instead of the pin tumblers shown.

A reference element 11 formed as a stop is provided between the key head and the key shank 8 and serves exclusively as a reference point for a cutting procedure. to create the notches 9. The reference element 11 is arranged at a distance from the end 12 of the lock cylinder 1 and at a distance from the key tip 10' when the key is fully inserted into the key way 2, i.e. there is a space between the reference element 11 and the end 12; in particular, the reference element 11 does not form a stop cooperating with the end 12 and restricting the maximum insertion depth of the key 3. The distance between the reference element 11 and the end 12 is variable from locking system to locking system or from key to key S 15 respectively.

A recess 14 is provided on the end of the key back 13 remote from the key head 10, with the key back 13 being opposite the notches 9 in the region of the key shank 8. This recess 14 forms a stop element which cooperates 20 with a stop element 15 provided in the lock cylinder core Like the recess 14, the stop element 15 has a stop surface extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the key shank 8, with the two mentioned stop surfaces abutting one another when the key is fully inserted into the key way 2 and so restricting the maximum insertion depth of the key 3. The maximum insertion depth of the key 3 into the key way 2 is thus only restricted by the cooperation of the stop element with the recess 14 in the embodiment of Fig. 1.

Fig. 2a shows a schematic section through a lock cylinder 1 in the region of the stop element 15 in accordance with Fig. 1. The representation made illustrates how a notch was introduced from above into the lock cylinder core 1' which is pivoted in the lock cylinder 1, with the circle segmentshaped stop element 15 being inserted into this notch. The stop element can, for example, be fitted into the lock cylinder 1 in a force fit, fixed in place by a suitable adhesive or even be held only loosely in the notch.

The notch introduced into the lock cylinder core 1' and the stop element 15 are sized so that the stop element 15 extends up into the upper region of the key way 2 so that a reciprocal action, which restricts the insertion o• depth of the key 3, can be achieved between the stop element 15 and the o key 3.

The stop element 15 shown in Figs. 1 and 2a is a stationary stop element which does not fulfil the function of a tumbler. However, it is also possible to increase the number of permutations of a key by means of the stop element 15 by, for example, arranging the stop element 15 at different locations for different lock cylinders with respect to the longitudinal axis of 20 the lock cylinder or the key shank respectively or by varying the dimension by which the stop element 15 protrudes into the key way 2 transversely to its longitudinal axis.

Stationary stop elements can also be realised differently from Figs. 1 and 2a in any other embodiments, two examples of which are illustrated in Figs. 2b and 2c.

Fig. 2b shows a pin or wire 16 which is introduced into a horizontally extending bore of the lock cylinder core 1' and is fixed in place there. The bore accepting the pin/wire 16 thus penetrates the key way 2 so that the mentioned reciprocation between the pin/wire 16 and the stop surface of the key 3 can be achieved.

Fig. 2c shows wire element 17 bent into a U shape whose two arms are fixed in vertically extending bores of the lock cylinder core The base element 19 of the wire element 17 connecting the two arms 18 here forms the stop surface for the key 3 protruding into the key way 2.

Fig. 2d essentially corresponds to Fig. 2c, with the difference that two short pin elements 20 also connect to the lower side of the two arms 18 of the wire element 17 and are subject to the action of respective springs 21.

The wire element 17 of Fig. 2d can thus be acted on in a vertical direction by inserting the key 3 into the key way 2 and in this way represents an additional tumbler. When the key 3 is fully inserted into the key way 2, the interfaces between the arms 18 and the pin elements 20 are in a position such that allows a turning of the cylinder core 1' in the lock 20 cylinder 1.

As already mentioned, instead of the wire element 17, any other tumbler can also be used as a stop limiting the maximum insertion depth of the key 3, in particular also a correspondingly designed pin tumbler, which protrudes into the region of the notches 9 of the key 3 from below(Fig. 1) and whose upper end has, for example, a stop surface extending essentially vertically to the longitudinal axis of the lock cylinder 1.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment version different from Fig. 1 of a key usable in accordance with the invention. This key in accordance with Fig. 3 has a recess 22 on one of its broad sides whose end 23 facing the key head represents the only stop element to limit the insertion depth of the key into a key way. This stop element 23 is arranged at a distance from the key tip Fig. 3 is intended merely to illustrate that the recess 22 does not necessarily have to be arranged on the key back 13, as shown in Fig. 1, 10 but that it is also possible without difficulty to provide the recess 22 in the region of one or both broad sides of the key.

The number of possible permutations can also be increased for a key in accordance with Fig. 3 by arranging the stop element 23 at different locations for different lock cylinders with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lock cylinder and/or by varying the depth of the recess 22 transversely to the longitudinal axis of the key shank.

In addition as already mentioned the possibility also exists of providing :20 the recess 22 in the region of the key bit, that is in the region of the °o notches 9. It is further possible to provide a plurality of recesses, which act as stop surfaces, at different locations on the key on one single key.

Figs. 4a, b show schematic sectional views of a lock cylinder 1 which is suitable for a key in accordance with Fig. 3.

Fig. 4a shows a pin 24 which is introduced laterally, horizontally into the lock cylinder core 1' and whose one end protrudes into the key way 2 of 11 the lock cylinder 1 so that this end region of the pin 24 serves as a stop surface on the lock cylinder side for the stop surface 23 provided on the broad side of the key in accordance with Fig. 3. Pin 24 thus in turn represents a stationary stop element, with the permutations already explained also being able to be achieved with this stop element by arranging the pin 24 at different positions of the lock cylinder 1 and/or by the pin 24 protruding at different lengths into the key way 2 for different lock cylinders.

Fig. 4b corresponds essentially to Fig. 4a, with the difference that here it is a stop element 25 which cooperates with a tumbler and which is prebiased by a spring 26. The pin 25 has a notch on its lower side into which a pin tumbler 27 engages when the key is fully inserted and which, in this :case, allows a rotational movement of the cylinder core An increase in the permutation possibilities can also be achieved with this embodiment oby correspondingly different arrangements of the pin In the claims which follow and in the preceding summary of ge.: the invention, except where the context requires otherwise 0 e. due to express language or necessary implication, the word C "comprising" is used in the sense of "including", i.e. the features specified may be associated with further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Reference numeral list 1 Lock cylinder 1' Lock cylinder core 2 Key channel 3 Key 4 Pin elements Pin elements.

6 Spring 7 Bore 8 Key shank 9 Notches 10 Key head 10' Key tip 15 11 Reference element 12 End 13 Key back 14 Recess Stop element 20 16 Pin/Wire **17 Wire element 18 Arm 19 Base element 20 Pin element 21 Spring 22 Recess 23 Stop surface 24 Pin Pin 26 Spring 27 Pin tumbler

Claims (11)

1. A locking system comprising a lock cylinder having a keyway and a plurality of tumblers and a key by means of which the tumblers can be acted on when the key is inserted into the keyway, with stop elements being provided both on the lock cylinder side and on the key side to define the maximum insertion depth of the key into the keyway, wherein all stop elements are arranged spaced apart from the key tip such that, when the key is fully inserted into the keyway, they are located inside the keyway and thus also come to lie spaced apart from the ends of the lock cylinder, and wherein a reference element formed particularly as a stop and/or as a key neck is provided in the region between the key head and the key shank to make a key fitting a specific locking system, characterised in that the reference element is arranged such that it comes to lie outside the keyway and spaced apart from the ends of the lock cylinder when the key is 15 fully inserted into the keyway.

2, A locking system in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the key and/or the lock cylinder have precisely one stop element; and/or in that the stop surfaces of the stop elements cooperating with one another extend 20 perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the lock cylinder.

3. A locking system in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop element of the key is arranged on the key back, on fee. .0 °9 a broad side of the key or in the region of the key bit and is, in particular, 25 formed as an integral part of the key; and/or in that, with a symmetrical flat ~key, one stop element is provided on each of the two broad sides of the key, with both stop elements being arranged symmetrically to one another.

4. A locking system in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stop element of the key is formed by a recess or an elevation; and/or in that the stop element of the key can be applied at different locations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the key.

A locking system in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop element of the key formed as a recess or as an elevation respectively can be realised with different depths or heights respectively. 14

6. A locking system in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the reference element of the key can be applied at different locations with respect to the longitudinal axis of the key.

7. A locking system in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the stop element of the lock cylinder is made stationary or as a moving tumbler; and/or in that the stop element of the lock cylinder is fitted into a recess of the lock cylinder core.

8. A key for use in a locking system in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, comprising an insertion region which can. be inserted into a keyway of a lock cylinder and an outer region adjoining the insertion region, wherein all stop elements of the key are arranged spaced apart from the key tip to 15 cooperate with stop elements or stop surfaces of the lock cylinder in the insertion region of the key and spaced part from the border between the insertion region and the outer region, with a reference element being provided S•in the region between the key head and the key shank to make a key fitting a specific locking system, characterized in that the reference element is arranged 20 in the outer region of the key spaced apart from the border between the insertion region and the outer region.

9. A key in accordance with claim 8, characterized in that precisely one stop Ielement is provided; and/ or in that the stop element is made in accordance 25 with any one of claims 2 to

10. A key in accordance with claim 8 or claim 9, characterised in that the reference element is made in accordance with claim 1 or claim 6.

11. A key blank for the manufacture of a key in accordance with any one of claims 8 to 10, comprising an insertion region provided for the insertion into a keyway of a lock cylinder and an outer region adjoining the insertion region, with at least one stop element of the key blank being arranged to cooperate with stop elements or with stop surfaces of a lock cylinder in the insertion region of the key blank spaced apart from the tip of the key blank and spaced apart from the border between the insertion region and the outer region, with a reference element being provided in the region between 20 the key head and 15 the key shank to make a key fitting a specific locking system, characterised in that the reference element is arranged in the outer region of the key blank spaced apart from the border between the insertion region and the outer region. a. a a S S .a a S So a S S 4 S a S S S a 5.-S *55555 a LOad S **55 a S