AU2016286182A1 - Energy management system for an energy generation system - Google Patents

Energy management system for an energy generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2016286182A1
AU2016286182A1 AU2016286182A AU2016286182A AU2016286182A1 AU 2016286182 A1 AU2016286182 A1 AU 2016286182A1 AU 2016286182 A AU2016286182 A AU 2016286182A AU 2016286182 A AU2016286182 A AU 2016286182A AU 2016286182 A1 AU2016286182 A1 AU 2016286182A1
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Australia
Prior art keywords
energy
converter
electrical
connecting line
coupled
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AU2016286182A
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German (de)
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AU2016286182B2 (en
Inventor
Andreas Gutsch
Michael Rentzsch
Thomas Timke
Olaf Wollersheim
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/50—Energy storage in industry with an added climate change mitigation effect

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a DC-coupled energy management system (10) for an energy generation plant (100), in particular a photovoltaic system, comprising a control unit (30), a sensor unit (32) for measuring an electrical balance between consumer units (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a mains power connection (20) of an energy supply network (200), and a DC/DC converter (22), which is connected by a first connector (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) of the energy generation plant (100) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to the supply network, and is also connected by a second connector (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40). The control unit (30) is designed for communication connection to the sensor unit (32), to the energy storage unit (40), and to the DC/DC converter (22). The energy converter (12) is provided in order to supply a variable DC voltage power in accordance with operating conditions and/or environmental conditions. Furthermore, a withdrawal or a delivery of electrical energy by the DC/DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance specified by the sensor unit (32). The invention further relates to an energy generation plant (100) comprising such a DC-coupled energy management system (10), to a DC/DC converter for such a DC-coupled energy management system (10), and to a method for operating such an energy generation plant (100) having such a DC-coupled energy management system (10).

Description

The invention relates to a DC-coupled energy management system (10) for an energy generation plant (100), in particular a photovoltaic system, comprising a control unit (30), a sensor unit (32) for measuring an electrical balance between consumer units (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a mains power connection (20) of an energy supply network (200), and a DC/DC converter (22), which is connected by a first connector (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) of the energy generation plant (100) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to the supply network, and is also connected by a second connector (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40). The control unit (30) is designed for communication connection to the sensor unit (32), to the energy storage unit (40), and to the DC/DC converter (22). The energy converter (12) is provided in order to supply a variable DC voltage power in accordance with operating conditions and/or environmental conditions. Furthermore, a withdrawal or a delivery of electrical energy by the DC/DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance specified by the sensor unit (32). The invention further relates to an energy generation plant (100) comprising such a DC-coupled energy management system (10), to a DC/DC converter for such a DC-coupled energy management system (10), and to a method for operating such an energy generation plant (100) having such a DC-coupled energy management system (10).
(57) Zusammenfassung:
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CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
Veroffentlicht:
— mit internationalem Recherchenbericht (Artikel 21 Absatz 3) — mit gednderten Anspriichen und Erklarung gemass Artikel 19 Absatz 1
Die Erfmdung betrifft ein gleichstromgekoppeltes Energiemanagementsystem (10) fur eine Energieerzeugungsanlage (100), insbesondere eine Photovoltaikanlage, umfassend eine Steuereinheit (30), eine Sensoreinheit (32) zur Messung einer elektrischen Bilanz zwischen Verbrauchem (80) der Energieerzeugungsanlage (100) und einem Netzanschluss (20) eines Energieversorgungsnetzes (200), sowie einen DC/DC-Wandler (22), der mit einem ersten Anschluss (24) an eine elektrische Verbindungsleitung (16) der Energieerzeugungsanlage (100) zwischen einem Energiewandler (12) und einem versorgungsnetzgekoppelten Wechselrichter (14) sowie mit einem zweiten Anschluss (26) an wenigstens eine Energiespeichereinheit (40) angeschlossen ist. Die Steuereinheit (30) ist zur Kommunikationsverbindung mit der Sensoreinheit (32), der Energiespeichereinheit (40) und dem DC/DC-Wandler (22) ausgebildet. Der Energiewandler (12) ist dabei zur Bereitstellung einer variablen Gleichspannungsleistung in Abhangigkeit von Betriebs- und/oder Umgebungsbedingungen vorgesehen. Weiter ist ein Entnehmen oder ein Zufuhren elektrischer Energie durch den DC/DC-Wandler (22) mittels der Steuereinheit (30) steuerbar, wobei die Steuereinheit (30) den DC/DC-Wandler (22) nach der von der Sensoreinheit (32) bestimmten elektrischen Bilanz steuert. Weiter betrifft die Erfmdung eine Energieerzeugungsanlage (100) mit einem solchen gleichstromgekoppelten Energiemanagementsystem (10), einen DC/DC-Wandler fur ein solches gleichstromgekoppeltes Energiemanagementsystem (10), sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen Energieerzeugungsanlage (100) mit einem solchen gleichstromgekoppelten Energiemanagementsystem (10).
Energy management system for an energy generation system
Technical field
The invention relates to a DC-coupled energy management system for an energy generation plant, in particular a photovoltaic plant, an energy generation plant with a DC-coupled energy management system, a DC/DC converter for a DC-coupled energy management system, and a method for the operation of an energy generation plant with a DC-coupled energy management system.
Prior art
The electrical interconnection of photovoltaic modules (PV modules) of a PV plant by means of a series and/or parallel connection to form so-called strings of a PV unit is known. Depending on the size of the PV unit and on the PV modules used, the voltage level of these strings lies in the range between 30 and 1500 V. The typical current in such an electrical connecting line lies in the range between 0.1 and 30 A. This string is connected by means of a DC cable to a string input of an inverter that is coupled to a power supply network. The inverter coupled to a power supply network can, when appropriate, comprise a plurality of such string inputs, to each of which a string can be connected.
An energy generation apparatus designed as a photovoltaic plant with a converter apparatus with DC/DC converter is known from DE 10 2012 022 729 Al, wherein the converter apparatus is connected through a first bidirectional DC terminal to a battery for discharging and charging the battery and through a second DC terminal to an inverter coupled to a power supply network. The converter apparatus comprises a third DC terminal with which it is connected directly to the photovoltaic plant.
The second and third DC terminals can be bypassed through internal or external switches in such a way that current of the energy generation apparatus can be passed directly to the inverter coupled to a power supply network. A switch is furthermore arranged between the DC/DC converter and the second DC terminal and between the third DC terminal in order to decouple the DC/DC converter from the second DC terminal and the third DC terminal if, for example, the solar module, when in a darkened state or at night, cannot withstand an external voltage.
Disclosure of the invention
It is therefore an object of the invention to create a DC-coupled energy management system that can be coupled in a simple manner to an energy generation plant and operated efficiently.
Further objects of the invention are those of designing an energy generation plant in such a way that it can be operated efficiently with a DC-coupled energy management system, of providing a DC/DC converter for such a DC-coupled energy management system, and of creating a method for the operation of such an energy generation plant that permits an operation that is as efficient as possible.
The objects are met through the features of the independent claims. Favourable embodiments and advantages of the invention become apparent from the subsequent claims, the description and the drawing.
The invention proceeds on the basis of a DC-coupled energy management system for an energy generation plant, in particular of a photovoltaic plant, comprising a control unit, a sensor unit for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads of the energy generation plant, and a network terminal of an energy supply network, as well as a DC/DC converter which is connected through a first terminal to an electrical connecting line of the energy generation plant between an energy converter and an inverter coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal to at least one energy storage unit.
The control unit is in communicative connection with the sensor unit, the energy storage unit, and the DC/DC converter. The energy converter is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions. The inverter coupled to a power supply network is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads, and is connected to the power network terminal.
The DC/DC converter is, furthermore, of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line and/or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line. The drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter can be controlled by means of the control unit, wherein the control unit controls the DC/DC converter according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit.
The energy supply network may, in particular, be a public or private energy supply network, in particular a commercially accounted energy supply network. In accordance with its specific and, in some cases, material-dependent characteristic current/voltage curve, a PV plant with PV modules in operation, i.e. in the presence of solar radiation, generates a DC voltage and a direct current corresponding to the respective operating state, which is converted into alternating current by means of the inverter coupled to a supply network. The internal DC resistance of the inverter coupled to a supply network is in this instance at any given time adjusted by the control logic of the inverter such that a maximum electrical power can be generated in the respective instantaneous operating state of the PV module. This control strategy is referred to as Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The MPPT method leads to the result that the inverter coupled to a supply network is always in a position to reduce the instantaneous actual power of the PV module down to a power of zero by changing its internal electrical resistance. The inverter coupled to a supply network is not, however, in a position to generate more electrical power than the PV modules can make available in their respective, instantaneous operating state at maximum efficiency according to the MPPT method. The respective instantaneous maximum power of the PV modules depends to a large extent on the irradiation intensity, the module temperature and the degree of ageing of the modules. If the modules are operated at the MPP point, a further rise in the electrical power of these modules is not possible. While in a usual PV plant coupled to a supply network there is a possibility of reducing the PV power down to zero; it is not, however, possible to provide more AC power than is physically possible according to the influencing variables explained.
As a result of this relationship, PV plants coupled to a supply network are not in a position 24 hours per day to make electrical energy available to meet the need. An attempt is therefore often made to solve the problem through the use of electrical energy stores, in particular through the use of batteries.
A DC-coupling of the energy store between the PV unit and the AC output of the inverter coupled to a supply network is therefore possible. With DC-coupling, electrical power for the charging or discharging of the batteries is drawn off or supplied before, in the direction of current flow, the AC output of the inverter coupled to a supply network, either by means of a bidirectional DC/DC converter or of a pair of unidirectional DC/DC converters connected in parallel. The advantage of this technology is a favourably higher efficiency in comparison with a known AC coupling of the energy store. The disadvantage, however, is that according to the prior art, the charging or discharging of the battery makes a communication with the central control logic of the inverter coupled to a supply network necessary, since an uncontrolled supply of or drawing off of power on the DC side of the inverter coupled to a supply network can lead to current/voltage constellations in the DC string between the PV unit and the inverter coupled to a supply network that are not in conformity with the current/voltage control according to the MPPT control method that is implemented in the inverter coupled to a supply network. An uncontrolled input of electrical energy before the AC output of the inverter coupled to a supply network can lead to total power decoupling of the PV unit. If, for example, the voltage in the electrical connecting line during the input of energy from the battery reaches the no-load voltage of the PV modules, the power of the PV modules becomes zero.
Conversely, during a power input significantly below the MPPT working point of the PV modules, the power potential of the PV modules is not fully exploited, since the voltage of the electrical connecting line is lower than what would correspond to the MPP point. For this reason a communication interface to the control electronics of the inverter coupled to a supply network is necessary with DC-coupling according to the prior art, so that the full power capacity of the PV unit is not impaired through the use of the battery.
As a result of this relationship, the integration of a battery on the DC side of the inverter coupled to a supply network without access to the central control unit of the inverter is only possible at the cost of significant losses in the power capacity of the PV unit or of the overall efficiency of the energy generation system.
The energy management system according to the invention advantageously permits an operation of the energy generation plant even with reduced power of the energy converter, so that an operation of the energy generation plant is even possible for 24 hours per day, and where the disadvantages of the DC-coupling of a connected energy store corresponding to the prior art is avoided.
In the energy management system according to the invention for the provision of electrical energy according to need from predominantly renewable energy sources, a bidirectional DC converter (DC/DC converter) is connected at at least one electrical connecting line of an energy converter, for example a photovoltaic (PV unit) to an inverter coupled to a supply network, for example by way of a T-shaped connecting point. The electrical connecting line in a PV plant is also referred to as a PV string, since the PV modules, wired in parallel and/or in series, are connected to form so-called strings of a PV unit. The T-shaped connecting point can expediently comprise, on the side facing the energy converter, a suitable unidirectional blocking element which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit into the energy converter, in particular a diode or a suitable circuit that prevents such a return feed from the energy storage unit into the energy converter and which is connected to the energy converter in the blocking direction.
The DC/DC converter comprises a maximum of two power-carrying terminals, one each for a positive and negative pole. One power-carrying electrical terminal is connected to the electrical connecting line, and the second power-carrying electrical terminal is connected to an energy storage unit, for example a rechargeable battery system or a capacitor unit.
The bidirectional DC/DC converter is in this way in a position to carry electrical energy generated in the energy converter to the energy storage unit and/or to carry electrical energy from the at least one energy storage unit to the inverter coupled to a supply network. The DC/DC converter is provided here for voltage matching between the electrical connecting line and the electrical storage unit. The DC/DC converter and the energy storage unit are, furthermore, connected via a communication line to the central control unit of the energy management system. In this case there is no communication line or other kind of communication structure to the inverter coupled to a supply network.
The central control unit is in communicative connection with a suitable sensor unit, for example an alternating-current (AC) sensor. The AC sensor is arranged in this instance behind, in the current flow direction, the inverter coupled to a supply network, and at least one, preferably all, loads of the relevant electrical balance space are arranged between the inverter coupled to a supply network and the AC sensor. The sensor detects, with a specified temporal resolution in the relevant electrical balance space, between the loads of the energy generation plant and the network terminal, at least the relevant AC network data: current and/or voltage and/or frequency in each phase. This data is conveyed to the central control unit via the communication line. The evaluation of this data in the central control unit yields the instantaneous electrical energy flow with the specified temporal resolution, and thus the net electrical balance of the energy generation plant. The control unit is thereby in a position to control the DC/DC converter according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit. The internal resistance of the inverter coupled to a supply network can thus be suitably influenced, by means of the electrical balance to which the DC/DC converter is regulated, in such a manner as if all of the energy that is supplied on the input side to the inverter coupled to a supply network came from the energy converter.
The disadvantages of an AC-coupled and of a DC-coupled energy store described above can be avoided with the energy management system according to the invention described, so that an operation of an energy generation plant is thus possible even at a heavily reduced operation of the energy converter, and loads can thus nevertheless be supplied.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the DC/DC converter can be designed to emulate a voltage/current characteristic of the energy converter when feeding electrical energy into the electrical connecting line. In order that the MPPT method of the inverter coupled to a supply network, as described above, is not unfavourably influenced during operation of the DC/DC converter, and that the inverter coupled to a supply network continues to run even, for example, during the night, when a PV module does not generate any energy, the DC/DC converter conveniently works, in relation to the target supply or drawing off of power in line with the relationship of transported current as a function of the voltage according to a current/voltage characteristic of the energy converter, i.e. for example of a photovoltaic cell based on silicon or also of other suitable materials with a photovoltaic effect.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the electrical connecting line can comprise a unidirectional blocking element which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit into the energy converter, in particular a diode or a suitable circuit that prevents such a return feed, which is arranged in the electrical connecting line between an output of the energy converter and a connecting point of the DC/DC converter, and is connected to the energy converter in the blocking direction. In this way it is possible to prevent the electrical energy fed in from the DC/DC converter from leading to a malfunction of the energy converter and/or of the energy management system, in that as a result the output voltage of the energy converter is, so to speak, increased.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the sensor unit comprises at least one AC sensor, wherein the sensor unit preferably detects current and/or voltage and/or frequency of the electrical power at the network terminal with a temporal resolution less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms.
The connected loads of the energy generation plant usually work as AC-operated components, since they are connected to a conventional network supply into which the energy generation plant is connected via the inverter coupled to a supply network. It is therefore advantageous if the AC power of the loads is also detected with a suitable time resolution in order to represent the electrical balance of the energy generation plant.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the energy storage unit can comprise a rechargeable battery system and/or a capacitor unit and/or a flywheel store. Storage systems that allow electrical energy to be taken up and to be stored in a suitable form, possibly including mechanical or chemical energy, as well as outputting the stored energy directly as electrical energy or converting the stored energy form back into electrical energy and emitting it, are conceivable here.
According to an advantageous embodiment the DC/DC converter can be connected via the second terminal to one or a plurality of energy generation units, in particular an energy generation unit consisting of a fuel cell system, an AC combined heat and power plant, a DC combined heat and power plant, a motor generator or the like. On a DC bus between the DC/DC converter and the energy storage unit, the energy management system can comprise a further T-shaped connecting point as an electrical connection to further electrical energy generation units. These energy generation units can, for example, be wind turbines, fuel cells, biogas plants, micro-combined heat and power plants as well as conventional fossil-fuel driven motor generators. These energy generation units are advantageously operated unidirectionally, i.e. with a flow of power to the DC bus. All of these energy generation units are connected to the central control unit of the energy management system.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the one or a plurality of energy generation units can be operated as constant voltage sources. The operation of the AC/DC or DC/DC converters of the energy generation units that are connected to the DC bus of the energy storage unit is carried out with regard to the output voltage to the DC bus of the energy storage unit as a quasi-constant source.
The energy management system according to the invention is in this way favourably to be operated via the DC/DC converter controlled by the control unit.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the energy storage unit and/or the DC/DC converter and/or the inverter for the operation of the one or a plurality of energy generation units can be controlled by the control unit. The energy generation units are not connected to the control unit of the inverter coupled to a supply network, and thus neither receive any information from it nor send any signals to it. The control unit in this instance controls the advantageous use of the various energy generation units according to the current operation of energy converters and loads in accordance with the current electrical balance determined by the sensor unit.
According to a further aspect of the invention, an energy generation plant is proposed, in particular a photovoltaic plant with a DC-coupled energy management system, comprising an energy converter, in particular a photovoltaic unit, which is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions, as well as an inverter coupled to a supply network that is provided for feeding one or a plurality of loads, and is connected to a network terminal of an energy supply network. The energy generation plant comprises a control unit, a sensor unit for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads and the network terminal, as well as a DC/DC converter which is connected through a first terminal to an electrical connecting line between the energy converter and the inverter coupled to a power supply network, as well as through a second terminal to at least one energy storage unit. The control unit is designed for a communicative connection with the sensor unit, the energy storage unit, and the DC/DC converter. The DC/DC converter is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line and/or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line. The drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter can be controlled by means of the control unit, wherein the control units controls the DC/DC converter according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit.
The electrical connecting line can comprise a unidirectional blocking element which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit into the energy converter, in particular a diode or a suitable circuit that prevents such a return feed from the energy storage unit into the energy converter, said circuit being arranged in the electrical connecting line between an output of the energy converter and a connecting point of the DC/DC converter, and is connected to the energy converter in the blocking direction.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a DC/DC converter for a DC-coupled energy management system is proposed, with a first terminal that is connected to an electrical connecting line of an energy generation plant between an energy converter and an inverter coupled to a supply network and with a second terminal that is connected to at least one energy storage unit, whereby a drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line, or a feed of electrical energy to the electrical connection line, can be controlled by means of a control unit. The control unit controls in this instance the DC/DC converter in accordance with an electrical balance, determined by a sensor unit, between loads of the energy generation plant and a network connection. At least one load of the energy generation plant, preferably all loads of the energy generation plant, are advantageously taken into account for detection of the electrical balance.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a method for the operation of an energy generation plant with a DC-coupled energy management system is proposed, comprising the detection of the electrical balance between loads of the energy generation plant and a network terminal of an energy supply network by means of a sensor unit, the control of a DC/DC converter that is connected to at least one energy storage unit by means of a control unit according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit, along with the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter to an electrical connecting line between an energy converter and an inverter coupled to a supply network of the energy generation plant.
The operation of the energy management system according to the invention proceeds as described below. The sensor unit, preferably designed as an AC sensor, detects, with a temporal resolution of, in particular, less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms in the relevant electrical balance space between the loads of the energy generation plant and the network terminal, at least the relevant AC network data: current, voltage, frequency in each phase. This data is conveyed to the central control unit via the communication line. The evaluation of this data in the central control unit yields the instantaneous electrical energy flow with the specified temporal resolution.
In addition to this data, the central control unit evaluates all the other state variables of the further energy stores and energy generation units attached to the DC bus of the energy storage unit, and then decides which operation the DC/DC converter should carry out in the following regulation interval. The decision of the central control unit is based here on the consideration of the state variables of the connected components, taking into account the specific instantaneous power capacity of the connected components, and taking into account the specific costs of the electrical energy that the various connected components cause. The aim of this is to minimise the total costs of the provision of electrical energy as needed from the energy converter in particular of the renewable energy source, and in that way to optimise the overall profitability of the energy generation plant.
Through the control of the DC/DC converter performed by means of the electrical balance detected by means of the sensor unit by the control unit, the internal resistance of the inverter coupled to a supply network can be suitably influenced in such a manner as if all of the energy that is supplied on the input side to the inverter coupled to a supply network came from the energy converter.
The bidirectionally designed DC/DC converter then performs the necessary operations, wherein there are two operating states of the DC/DC converter. These are the drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line and the supply of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line.
In order that the MPPT method of the inverter coupled to a supply network, as described above, is not unfavourably influenced during operation of the DC/DC converter, and that the inverter coupled to a supply network continues to run even, for example, during the night, when a PV module does not generate any energy, the DC/DC converter works, in relation to the target supply or drawing off of power in line with the relationship of transported current as a function of the voltage according to a current/voltage characteristic of the energy converter, i.e. for example of a silicon-based photovoltaic cell. The MPPT control logic of the inverter coupled to a supply network is not in any way negatively influenced by this control strategy of the DC/DC converter, so that the inverter coupled to a supply network does not register any difference between the true electrical power of the energy converter and the resulting electrical power provided by the energy management system. As a result, any desired inverter coupled to a supply network can be used for the AC feed of any desired kind of renewable electrical energy for the use of the energy management system according to the invention. The invention is therefore particularly suitable for the further integration of renewable electrical energy generation units, since no special devices are necessary for the DC/AC conversion, and the AC feed is thus based on a device technology that has already been used successfully for many decades.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the operation of the DC/DC converter can take place in parallel with the operation of the energy converter. In this instance it is possible, in particular for both operating states of the DC/DC converter, namely the drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line and the supply of an electrical energy into the electrical connecting line, to be carried out in parallel with the operation of the energy converter, so that energy converted by the inverter coupled to the supply network can consist in part of energy delivered from the energy converter and in part of energy delivered from the energy storage unit.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the energy management system can carry out at least one of the operating states of (i) generating electrical energy by the energy converter and feeding electrical energy through the DC/DC converter to the electrical connecting line, (ii) generating electrical energy by the energy converter and removing electrical energy through the DC/DC converter from the electrical connecting line, or (Hi) feeding electrical energy to the electrical connecting line through the DC/DC converter. These operating states of the energy management system result, in particular, with reference to the common operation of the energy converter and DC/DC converter and thereby, in particular, to the two operating states of the DC/DC converter for the drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line as well as the supply of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line. The third operating state of the energy management system (Hi), feeding electrical energy to the electrical connecting line through the DC/DC converter, represents in particular the night-time operation of the energy generation plant.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the control unit can control the DC/DC converter with the aim of a net electrical balance of zero determined by the sensor unit. Such an operation is advantageous, because the energy used by the loads is thus completely drawn from the operation of the energy generation plant, and no energy at all has to be drawn from the energy supply network, for example a public or private, in particular a commercially accounted network. As a result, the operation of the loads with respect to the energy generation unit is autonomous. On the other hand, no energy is supplied to the energy supply network either, which, under certain conditions, which can depend on appropriate energy supply contracts, can be favourable. It is alternatively also conceivable that another target variable is chosen instead of the target variable of a net electrical balance of zero.
According to another advantageous embodiment, the control unit can also control the DC/DC converter with the aim of a maximum power yield of the energy generation plant on the basis of the available DC power at the input of the inverter coupled to a supply network.
Such a mode of operation of the energy management system can be advantageous if the maximum deliverable power should be drawn from the energy generation plant under the conditions given at the time, for example the current weather, condition of the plant, or current electricity costs. It is possible that a cost-optimised operation of the energy generation plant is realised in this way.
Drawing
Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. The drawing shows an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The drawing, description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. Those skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them to form useful further combinations.
By way of example here:
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an energy generation plant with an energy management system according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment of the invention
The figure shows one example only and is not to be understood restrictively.
The only figure, Figure 1, shows a block diagram of an energy generation plant 100 with an energy management system 10 according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention.
The energy generation plant 100, which in particular can represent a photovoltaic plant, is designed with the DC-coupled energy management system 10. The energy generation plant 100 comprises the energy converter 12, which can in particular be a photovoltaic unit, which is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions. The energy generation plant 100 further comprises the inverter 14 coupled to a supply network which is provided for the feed of one or a plurality of loads 80, and which is connected to the network terminal 20 of the energy supply network 200. In the exemplary embodiment drawn in Figure 1, three loads 81, 82, 83 are connected to the line 56 between the output 18 of the inverter 14 coupled to a supply network and the network terminal 20.
The DC-coupled energy management system 10 comprises the control unit 30, which is connected via the communication line 36 to the sensor unit 32 for the measurement of an electrical balance between the loads 80 and the network terminal 20 of the energy supply network 200, as well as the DC/DC converter 22 which is connected to the first terminal 24 via the T-shaped connecting point 54 to the electrical connecting lines 16 between the output 62 of the energy converter 12 and the input 28 of the inverter 14 coupled to a supply network, and with the second terminal 26 via the line 62 the energy storage unit 40. The sensor unit 32 comprises at least one AC sensor, wherein the sensor unit 32 preferably detects current and/or voltage and/or frequency of the electrical power between the loads 80 and the network terminal 20 with a temporal resolution less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms.
The energy storage unit 40 can comprise a rechargeable battery system and/or a capacitor unit and/or a flywheel store.
The electrical connecting line 16 of the energy generation plant 100 comprises the unidirectional blocking element 52, for example a diode, which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit 40 into the energy converter 12, and is arranged in the electrical connecting line 16 between the output 62 of the energy converter 12 and the connecting point 54 of the DC/DC converter 22, and is connected to the energy converter 12 in the blocking direction.
The DC/DC converter 22 is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line 16 and/or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line 16. The drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter 22 can be controlled by means of the control unit 30, said controller 30 controlling the DC/DC converter 22 via the communication line 34 according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit 32 between loads 80 of the energy generation plant of the network terminal 20.
The DC/DC converter 22 is designed to emulate a voltage/current characteristic of the energy converter 12 when feeding electrical energy into the electrical connecting line 16.
The DC/DC converter 22 is connected via the second terminal 26 to the T-shaped connecting point 58 to a plurality of energy generation units, here to the fuel cell system 41, the AC combined heat and power plant 42, the DC combined heat and power plant 43, and the motor generator 44, which can be used for the additional feed of electrical energy via the DC/DC converter 22 into the electrical connecting line 16, and thus into the inverter 14 coupled to a supply network for the supply to loads 80. The energy generation units 41, 42, 43, 44 can be operated as constant voltage sources. The
DC/DC converter 70 and inverter 72 for the operation of the energy generation unit 41, 42, 43, 44 can also be driven in this instance by the control unit 13 via the communication line 38.
The method for the operation of the energy generation plant 100 with the DC-coupled energy management system 10 comprises the detection of the electrical balance between the loads 80 of the energy generation plant 100 and the network terminal 20 of the energy supply network 200 by means of the sensor unit 32, the control of the DC/DC converter 22 that is connected to the energy storage unit 40 by means of the control unit 30 according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit 32, and, further, the drawing off or feed of electrical energy by the DC/DC converter 22 at the electrical connecting lines 16 between the energy converter 12 and the inverter 14 coupled to a supply network of the energy generation plant 100. The operation of the DC/DC converter 22 can take place here in parallel with the operation of the energy converter 12.
The energy management system 10 can respectively carry out at least one of the operating states of (i) generating electrical energy through the energy converter 12 and feeding electrical energy through the DC/DC converter 22 to the electrical connecting line 16, (ii) generating electrical energy through the energy converter 12 and removing electrical energy through the DC/DC converter 22 from the electrical connecting line 16, or (iii) feeding electrical energy to the electrical connecting line 16 through the DC/DC converter 22.
The control unit 30 can thus control the DC/DC converter 22 with the aim of a net electrical balance of zero determined by the sensor unit 32, or with another target variable. Alternatively, the control unit 20 can, for example, also control the DC/DC converter 22 with the aim of a maximum power yield of the energy generation plant 100 on the basis of the available DC power at the input 28 of the inverter 14 coupled to a supply network.
Reference numbers
Energy management system
Energy converter
Inverter
Connecting line
Output
Network terminal
DC/DC converter
First terminal
Second terminal
Input
Control unit
Sensor unit
Communication line
Communication line
Communication line
Energy storage unit
Fuel cell system
AC heat and power plant
DC heat and power plant
Motor generator
Unidirectional blocking element
Connecting point
Line
Connecting point
Line
Output
DC/DC converter
Inverter
Load
First load
Second load
Third load
100 Energy generation plant
200 Energy supply network

Claims (16)

ClaimsClaims 1. DC-coupled energy management system (10) for an energy generation plant (100), in particular of a photovoltaic plant, comprising1. DC-coupled energy management system (10) for an energy generation plant (100), in particular of a photovoltaic plant, comprising - a control unit (30),- a control unit (30), - a sensor unit (32) for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200),- a sensor unit (32) for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200), - a DC/DC converter (22) which is connected through a first terminal (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) of the energy generation plant (100) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein the control unit (30) is designed for communicative connection with the sensor unit (32), the energy storage unit (40), and the DC/DC converter (22), wherein the energy converter (12) is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions, wherein the inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and is connected to the power network terminal (20), wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line (16) and/or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line (16), wherein the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32).- a DC / DC converter (22) which is connected through a first terminal (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) of the energy generation plant (100) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein the control unit (30) is designed for communicative connection with the sensor unit (32), the energy storage unit (40 ), and the DC / DC converter (22), wherein the energy converter (12) is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and / or environmental conditions, wherein the inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and is connected to the power network terminal (20), wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line (16) and / or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line ( 16), wherein the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32). 2. The energy management system according to claim 1, wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is designed to emulate a voltage/current characteristic of the energy converter (12) when feeding electrical energy into the electrical connecting line (16).2. The energy management system according to claim 1, wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is designed to emulate a voltage / current characteristic of the energy converter (12) when feeding electrical energy into the electrical connecting line (16). 3. The energy management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12), and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC/DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction.3. The energy management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12) , and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC / DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction. 4. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor unit (32) comprises at least one AC sensor, wherein the sensor unit (32) preferably detects current and/or voltage and/or frequency of the electrical power at the network terminal (20) with a temporal resolution less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms.4. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor unit (32) comprises at least one AC sensor, wherein the sensor unit (32) preferably detects current and / or voltage and / or frequency of the electrical power at the network terminal (20) with a temporal resolution less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms. 5. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage unit (40) comprises a rechargeable battery system and/or a capacitor unit and/or a flywheel store.5. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage unit (40) comprises a rechargeable battery system and / or a capacitor unit and / or a flywheel store. 6. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is connected via the second terminal (26) to one or a plurality of energy generation units, in particular an energy generation unit consisting of a fuel cell system (41), an AC combined heat and power plant (42), a DC combined heat and power plant (43), a motor generator (44) or the like.6. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is connected via the second terminal (26) to one or a plurality of energy generation units, in particular an energy generation unit consisting of a fuel cell system (41), an AC combined heat and power plant (42), a DC combined heat and power plant (43), a motor generator (44) or the like. 7. The energy management system according to claim 6, wherein the one or plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be operated as constant voltage sources.7. The energy management system according to claim 6, wherein the one or plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be operated as constant voltage sources. 8. The energy management system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the energy storage unit (40) and/or the DC/DC converter (70) and/or the inverter (72) coupled to a supply network for the operation of the one or a plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be controlled by the control unit (30).8. The energy management system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the energy storage unit (40) and / or the DC / DC converter (70) and / or the inverter (72) coupled to a supply network for the operation of the one or a plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be controlled by the control unit (30). 9. An energy generation plant (100), in particular a photovoltaic plant with a DC-coupled energy management system (10), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising9. An energy generation plant (100), in particular a photovoltaic plant with a DC-coupled energy management system (10), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - an energy converter (12), in particular a photovoltaic unit, which is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions,- An energy converter (12), in particular a photovoltaic unit, which is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and / or environmental conditions, - an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network that is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and that is connected to a power network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200),- an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network that is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and that is connected to a power network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200), - a control unit (30),- a control unit (30), - a sensor unit (32) for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads (80) and the network terminal (20) of the energy supply network (200),- a sensor unit (32) for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads (80) and the network terminal (20) of the energy supply network (200), - a DC/DC converter (22) which is connected through a first terminal (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) between the energy converter (12) and the inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein the control unit (30) is designed for communicative connection with the sensor unit (32), the energy storage unit (40), and the DC/DC converter (22), wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line (16) and/or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line (16), wherein the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32).- a DC / DC converter (22) which is connected through a first terminal (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) between the energy converter (12) and the inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein the control unit (30) is designed for communicative connection with the sensor unit (32), the energy storage unit (40), and the DC / DC converter (22), wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line (16) and / or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line (16), wherein the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32). 10. The energy generation plant according to claim 9, wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12), and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC/DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction.10. The energy generation plant according to claim 9, wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12), and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC / DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12 ) in the blocking direction. 11. DC/DC converter (22) for a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, with a first terminal (24) that is connected to an electric connecting line (16) of an energy generation plant (100) according to Claim 9 or 10 between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network, as well as to a second terminal (26) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein a drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line (16) or a feed of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) can be controlled by means of a control unit (30), where said control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) determined by a sensor unit (32).11. DC / DC converter (22) for a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, with a first terminal (24) that is connected to an electric connecting line (16) of an energy generation plant (100) according to Claim 9 or 10 between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network, as well as to a second terminal (26) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein a drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line (16) or a feed of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) can be controlled by means of a control unit (30), where said control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) determined by a sensor unit (32). 12. A method for the operation of an energy generation plant (100) according to claim 9 or 10 with a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising12. A method for the operation of an energy generation plant (100) according to claim 9 or 10 with a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising - detection of the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200) by means of the sensor unit (32),- detection of the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200) by means of the sensor unit (32), - control of a DC/DC converter (22) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40) by means of a control unit (30) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32),- control of a DC / DC converter (22) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40) by means of a control unit (30) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32), - drawing off or feed electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) to an electrical connecting line (16) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network of the energy generation plant (100).- drawing off or feed electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) to an electrical connecting line (16) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network of the energy generation plant (100) . 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the operation of the DC/DC converter (22) takes place in parallel with operation of the energy converter (32).13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the operation of the DC / DC converter (22) takes place in parallel with operation of the energy converter (32). 14. The method according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the energy management system (10) carries out at least one of the operating states of (i) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) to the electrical connecting line (16), (11) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and drawing off of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) from the electrical connecting line (16), (Hi) supply of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) by the DC/DC converter (22).14. The method according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the energy management system (10) carries out at least one of the operating states of (i) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and supply of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) to the electrical connecting line (16), (11) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and drawing off of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) from the electrical connecting line (16), (Hi) supply of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) by the DC / DC converter (22). 15. The method according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) with the aim of a net electrical balance of zero determined by the sensor unit (32), or with another target variable.15. The method according to one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) with the aim of a net electrical balance of zero determined by the sensor unit (32), or with another target variable. 16. The method according to one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) with the aim of a maximum power yield of the energy generation plant (100) on the basis of the available DC power at the input (28) of the inverter (14) coupled to a supply network.16. The method according to one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) with the aim of a maximum power yield of the energy generation plant (100) on the basis of the available DC power at the input (28) of the inverter (14) coupled to a supply network. CHANGED CLAIMS submitted to the International Office on 13 July 2016 (13/07/2016)CHANGED CLAIMS submitted to the International Office on July 13, 2016 (07/13/2016) 1. DC-coupled energy management system (10) for an energy generation plant (100), in particular of a photovoltaic plant, comprising1. DC-coupled energy management system (10) for an energy generation plant (100), in particular of a photovoltaic plant, comprising - a control unit (30),- a control unit (30), - a sensor unit (32) for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200),- a sensor unit (32) for the measurement of an electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200), - a DC/DC converter (22) which is connected through a first terminal (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) of the energy generation plant (100) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein the control unit (30) is designed for communicative connection with the sensor unit (32), the energy storage unit (40), and the DC/DC converter (22) wherein the energy converter (12) is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions, wherein the inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and is connected to the power network terminal (20), wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line (16) and/or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line (16), wherein the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32), wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is designed to emulate a voltage/current characteristic of the energy converter (12) when feeding electrical energy into the electrical connecting line (16).- a DC / DC converter (22) which is connected through a first terminal (24) to an electrical connecting line (16) of the energy generation plant (100) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network, and through a second terminal (26) to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein the control unit (30) is designed for communicative connection with the sensor unit (32), the energy storage unit (40 ), and the DC / DC converter (22) wherein the energy converter (12) is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and / or environmental conditions, wherein the inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and is connected to the power network terminal (20), wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is of bidirectional design, so that electrical energy can be drawn from the electrical connecting line (16) and / or electrical energy can be supplied to the electrical connecting line (1 6), wherein the drawing off or supply of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) can be controlled by means of the control unit (30), wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32), wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is designed to emulate a voltage / current characteristic of the energy converter (12) when feeding electrical energy into the electrical connecting line (16 ). 2. The energy management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12), and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC/DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction.2. The energy management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12) , and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC / DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction. 3. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor unit (32) comprises at least one AC sensor, wherein the sensor unit (32) preferably detects current and/or voltage and/or frequency of the electrical power at the network terminal (20) with a temporal resolution less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms.3. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensor unit (32) comprises at least one AC sensor, wherein the sensor unit (32) preferably detects current and / or voltage and / or frequency of the electrical power at the network terminal (20) with a temporal resolution less than 200 ms, preferably less than 100 ms. 4. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage unit (40) comprises a rechargeable battery system and/or a capacitor unit and/or a flywheel store.4. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the energy storage unit (40) comprises a rechargeable battery system and / or a capacitor unit and / or a flywheel store. 5. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the DC/DC converter (22) is connected via the second terminal (26) to one or a plurality of energy generation units, in particular an energy generation unit consisting of a fuel cell system (41), an AC combined heat and power plant (42), a DC combined heat and power plant (43), a motor generator (44) or the like.5. The energy management system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the DC / DC converter (22) is connected via the second terminal (26) to one or a plurality of energy generation units, in particular an energy generation unit consisting of a fuel cell system (41), an AC combined heat and power plant (42), a DC combined heat and power plant (43), a motor generator (44) or the like. 6. The energy management system according to claim 6 [sic], wherein the one or plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be operated as constant voltage sources.6. The energy management system according to claim 6 [sic], wherein the one or plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be operated as constant voltage sources. 7. The energy management system according to claim 6 or 7 [sic], wherein the energy storage unit (40) and/or the DC/DC converter (70) and/or the inverter (72) coupled to a supply network for the operation of the one or a plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be controlled by the control unit (30).7. The energy management system according to claim 6 or 7 [sic], wherein the energy storage unit (40) and / or the DC / DC converter (70) and / or the inverter (72) coupled to a supply network for the Operation of the one or a plurality of energy generation units (41, 42, 43, 44) can be controlled by the control unit (30). 8. An energy generation plant (100), in particular a photovoltaic plant with a DC-coupled energy management system (10), according to one of the preceding claims, comprising8. An energy generation plant (100), in particular a photovoltaic plant with a DC-coupled energy management system (10), according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - an energy converter (12), in particular a photovoltaic unit, which is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and/or environmental conditions,- An energy converter (12), in particular a photovoltaic unit, which is provided for the provision of a variable DC power depending on operating and / or environmental conditions, - an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network that is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and that is connected to a power network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200),- an inverter (14) coupled to a power supply network that is provided to feed one or a plurality of loads (80), and that is connected to a power network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200), 9. The energy generation plant according to Claim 9 [sic], wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12), and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC/DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction.9. The energy generation plant according to Claim 9 [sic], wherein the electrical connecting line (16) comprises a unidirectional blocking element (52), which prevents unwanted return feed from the energy storage unit (40) into the energy converter (12 ), and which is arranged in the electrical connecting line (16) between the output (62) of the energy converter (12) and a connecting point (54) of the DC / DC converter (22), and is connected to the energy converter (12) in the blocking direction. 10. DC/DC converter (22) for a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, with a first terminal (24) that is connected to an electric connecting line (16) of an energy generation plant (100) according to claim 9 or 10 between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network, as well as to a second terminal (26) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein a drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line (16) or a feed of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) can be controlled by means of a control unit (30), where said control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) determined by a sensor unit (32).10. DC / DC converter (22) for a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, with a first terminal (24) that is connected to an electric connecting line (16) of an energy generation plant (100) according to claim 9 or 10 between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network, as well as to a second terminal (26) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40), wherein a drawing off of electrical energy from the electrical connecting line (16) or a feed of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) can be controlled by means of a control unit (30), where said control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) according to the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) determined by a sensor unit (32). 11. A method for the operation of an energy generation plant (100) according to claim 9 or 10 with a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising11. A method for the operation of an energy generation plant (100) according to claim 9 or 10 with a DC-coupled energy management system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, comprising - detection of the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200) by means of the sensor unit (32),- detection of the electrical balance between loads (80) of the energy generation plant (100) and a network terminal (20) of an energy supply network (200) by means of the sensor unit (32), - control of a DC/DC converter (22) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40) by means of a control unit (30) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32),- control of a DC / DC converter (22) that is connected to at least one energy storage unit (40) by means of a control unit (30) according to the electrical balance determined by the sensor unit (32), - drawing off or feed electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) to an electrical connecting line (16) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network of the energy generation plant (100).- drawing off or feed electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) to an electrical connecting line (16) between an energy converter (12) and an inverter (14) coupled to a supply network of the energy generation plant (100) . 12. The method according to claim 12 [sic], wherein the operation of the DC/DC converter (22) takes place in parallel with operation of the energy converter (32).12. The method according to claim 12 [sic], wherein the operation of the DC / DC converter (22) takes place in parallel with operation of the energy converter (32). 13. The method according to one of claims 12 or 13 [sic], wherein the energy management system (10) carries out at least one of the operating states of (i) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and supply of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) to the electrical connecting line (16), (ii) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and drawing off of electrical energy through the DC/DC converter (22) from the electrical connecting line (16), (iii) supply of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) through the DC/DC converter (22).13. The method according to one of claims 12 or 13 [sic], wherein the energy management system (10) carries out at least one of the operating states of (i) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and supply of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) to the electrical connecting line (16), (ii) generation of electrical energy through the energy converter (12) and drawing off of electrical energy through the DC / DC converter (22) from the electrical connecting line (16), (iii) supply of electrical energy to the electrical connecting line (16) through the DC / DC converter (22). 14. The method according to one of claims 12 to 14 [sic], wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) with the aim of a net electrical balance of zero determined by the sensor unit (32), or with another target variable.14. The method according to one of claims 12 to 14 [sic], wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) with the aim of a net electrical balance of zero determined by the sensor unit (32) , or with another target variable. 15. The method according to one of claims 12 to 15 [sic], wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC/DC converter (22) with the aim of a maximum power yield of the energy generation plant (100) on the basis of the available DC power at the input (28) of the inverter (14) coupled to a supply network.15. The method according to one of claims 12 to 15 [sic], wherein the control unit (30) controls the DC / DC converter (22) with the aim of a maximum power yield of the energy generation plant (100) on the Basis of the available DC power at the input (28) of the inverter (14) coupled to a supply network. WO 2017/001030WO 2017/001030 PCT/EP2016/000440PCT / EP2016 / 000440 200200 1/11/1 Fig. 1Fig. 1
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