AU2009262848B2

AU2009262848B2 - Load condition controlled power circuit

Info

Publication number: AU2009262848B2
Application number: AU2009262848A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Richard G. Dubose; Michael D. Heil; Walter Thornton
Original assignee: Igo Inc
Current assignee: Igo Inc
Priority date: 2008-06-27
Filing date: 2009-06-09
Publication date: 2012-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-09
Also published as: WO2009158186A3; DE212009000089U1; CA2714355A1; GB201012632D0; GB2469001A8; GB2469001A; GB2469766B; AU2009262848A1; GB2469765A; EP2250711A2; GB2469001B; GB201012641D0; IL210212A0; KR20110050436A; WO2009158186A2; CA2714355C; GB2469765B; HK1148390A1; GB201012645D0; GB2469766A

Abstract

In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a method and circuit for reducing power consumption of a power strip, wall outlet system, power module and the like is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a power circuit is configured for reducing or eliminating power during idle mode by disengaging an electrical connection from power input. An exemplary power circuit may be in communication with an AC power input, and may include a current transformer, a control circuit, and a switch. The current transformer secondary winding provides an output power level signal proportional to the outlet load. If behavior of the current transformer secondary winding indicates that the power circuit is drawing substantially no power from the AC power input, the switch facilitates disengaging of the current transformer primary from the power circuit.

Description

I LOAD CONDITION CONTROLLED WALL PLATE OUTLET SYSTEM This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/180,411, 5 filed Jul. 25, 2008, and entitled "LOAD CONDITION CONTROLLED WALL PLATE OUTLET SYSTEM", which is a non-provisional of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/076,532, filed Jun. 27, 2008, and entitled "LOAD CONDITION CONTROLLED WALL PLATE OUTLET SYSTEM", both of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 10 FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to reducing power consumption in electronic devices. More particularly, the present invention relates to a circuit and method for reducing 15 power consumption by disengaging an outlet in a wall plate system from a power input when idle load conditions are present at the outlet. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 20 The increasing demand for lower power consumption and environmentally friendly consumer devices has resulted in interest in power supply circuits with "green" technology. For example, on average, a notebook power adapter continuously "plugged in" spends 67% of its time in idle mode. Even with a power adapter which conforms to the regulatory requirement of dissipating less then 0.5 watts/hour, this 25 extended idle time adds up to 3000 watt hours of wasted energy each year per adapter. When calculating the wasted energy of the numerous idle power adapters, the power lost is considerable. Each appliance and power adapter in a commercial or residential building will be 30 plugged into an outlet of a wall plate in some fashion. The standard wall plate has two outlets, though variations exist from a single outlet to more than two outlets. In an office or home environment, a computer, monitor, printer, scanner, and other 30/11/I 1,19013 speci of us79649 9 5,l 2 electronic devices are connected to the wall plate. When not in use, these connected devices will often be left on and go into self-imposed idle modes that typically consume less than I watt per device. Even though each device is consuming standby power, the total power delivered by the wall plate can be as much as the number of 5 outlets used times the idle power, perhaps as great as 4 watts or more. This multiplicity of wasted idle power can be reduced or eliminated if the wall plate can learn or be programmed to sense the idle condition of each outlet and turn that outlet off if idle conditions are present. 10 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a method and circuit for reducing power consumption at an outlet of a wall plate during idle conditions is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a wall plate system is configured for 15 reducing or eliminating power during idle mode by disengaging at least one outlet from a power input. A wall plate system may include one or more outlets and one or more wall plate circuits, with AC power input connected to the outlets through the wall plate circuit(s). The wall plate circuit may include a current measuring system, a control circuit, and a switch. The current measuring system provides, through the 20 switch, an output power signal that is proportional to the load at the outlet. In an exemplary embodiment, if behavior of the current measuring system indicates that at least one outlet is drawing substantially no power from the AC power input, the switch facilitates disengaging of the power input from such outlet. 25 The wall plate circuitry may be housed inside and to the rear of a standard wall plate. The wall plate system may also include both a standard wall plate and circuitry to reduce power during idle mode. In another embodiment, the wall plate system may be a wall plate adapter configured to fit over and connect to a standard wall plate. The wall plate adapter may connect to the standard wall plate by plugging into either 30 one or more than one of the outlets of the standard wall plate, and an electronic device can plug into the wall plate adapter instead of the standard wall plate. 30/11/I 1,19013 speci of us7964995,2 3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the 5 Figures, where like reference numbers refer to similar elements throughout the Figures, and: FIG. IA illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary load condition controlled wall plate system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 10 FIG. I B illustrates another block diagram of an exemplary load condition controlled wall plate system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; FIG. IC illustrates yet another block diagram of an exemplary load condition 15 controlled wall plate system; FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary load condition controlled wall plate system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; 20 FIG. 3 illustrates a circuit diagram of an exemplary control circuit for use within an exemplary load condition controlled wall plate system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary load condition controlled wall 25 plate system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary control circuit for use within an exemplary load condition controlled wall plate system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and 30 FIG. 6 illustrates a drawing of an exemplary load condition controlled wall plate system as an adaptive device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. 30/11/11,19013 speci of us7964995.3 4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION 5 The present invention may be described herein in terms of various functional components and various processing steps. It should be appreciated that such functional components may be realized by any number of hardware or structural components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, the present invention may employ various integrated components, such as buffers, current 10 mirrors, and logic devices comprised of various electrical devices, e.g., resistors, relays, transistors, capacitors, diodes and the like, whose values may be suitably configured for various intended purposes. In addition, the present invention may be practiced in any integrated circuit application. However for purposes of illustration only, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described herein in 15 connection with a sensing and control system and method for use with wall plate circuits. Further, it should be noted that while various components may be suitably coupled or connected to other components within exemplary circuits, such connections and couplings can be realized by direct connection between components, or by connection through other components and devices located thereinbetween. 20 Various embodiments are possible of a wall plate system configured for reducing or eliminating power during idle mode. In an exemplary embodiment, the wall plate system and associated circuitry is configured for coupling or engagement with a wall plate having one or more outlets. For example, the wall plate system can be housed 25 inside and to the rear of a standard wall plate. This embodiment may be added to existing standard wall plates in residential or commercial locations. In another exemplary embodiment, the wall plate system includes both a standard wall plate and circuitry to reduce power during idle mode. In yet another exemplary embodiment, and with reference to FIG. 6 for illustration purposes, a wall plate system as used 30 herein may be defined as a wall plate adapter which is configured to fit over and connect to a standard wall plate. The wall plate adapter may connect to the standard wall plate by plugging into either one or more than one of the outlets of the standard 30/I 1/11,19013 speci of us 7 964995.4 5 wall plate. In this embodiment, an electronic device can plug into the wall plate adapter instead of the standard wall plate. Other configurations for coupling and/or engaging the wall plate system with electrical outlets are also contemplated within various embodiments of the present invention. In accordance with various aspects of the present invention, a wall plate system configured for reducing or eliminating power during idle mode by disengaging power input from at least one outlet is disclosed. In an exemplary embodiment, and with reference to FIG. IA, a wall plate system 100 comprises two or more outlets 10 120 and a wall plate circuit 130. In another exemplary embodiment, wall plate system 100 comprises a single outlet 120 and a single wall plate circuit 130. In yet another exemplary embodiment, and with reference to FIG. I B, wall plate system 100 comprises at least one outlet 120 coupled with wall plate circuit 130 and at least one outlet 120 directly connected to an AC line input 110. In another exemplary 15 embodiment, and with reference to FIG. IC, wall plate system 100 comprises two or more outlets 120 and two or more wall plate circuits 130, with an individual wall plate circuit configured to control power input to an individual outlet 120. Accordingly, wall plate system 100 can comprise any configuration of system where a power input is received, power is provided at an outlet, and a circuit disengages the 20 power provided to the outlet in order to reduce power consumption. In an exemplary embodiment, and with reference to FIG. 2, wall plate system 100 comprises AC line input 1 10 communicatively coupled to wall plate circuit 130, which in turn is communicatively coupled to outlets 120. Outlet 120 is also 25 connected or otherwise coupled to a ground line and a neutral line. Furthermore, AC line input 110 may be connected to a 1 10 volt or 220 volt power source in an exemplary embodiment. The wall plate circuit 130 comprises a current measuring system 231, a control circuit 232, and a switch 233. In an exemplary embodiment and for illustration purposes, current measuring system 231 comprises a current 30 transformer 231 having a primary circuit and a secondary winding. However, current measuring system 231 may also comprise a resistor with a differential amplifier, a current sensing chip, a Hall-effect device, or any other suitable component 30/1/I 1,19013 speci of us7964995.5 6 configured to measure current as now known or hereinafter devised. Current transformer 231 provides an output power signal that is proportional to the load at outlet 120. Furthermore, switch 233 connects the primary circuit of current transformer 231 to outlet 120. 5 In an exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 may comprise at least one of, or a combination of: a latching circuit, a state machine, and a microprocessor. In one embodiment, control circuit 232 monitors the condition of the secondary winding of current transformer 231 and controls the operation of switch 233. Furthermore, in an 10 exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 receives a low frequency or DC signal from current transformer 231. The low frequency signal, for example, may be 60 Hz. This low frequency or DC signal is interpreted by control circuit 232 as the current required by the load at outlet 120. 15 Control circuit 232 can comprise various structures for monitoring the condition of the secondary winding of current transformer 231 and controlling the operation of switch 233. In an exemplary embodiment, with reference to FIG. 3, control circuit 232 includes a current sensor 301 and a logic control unit 302. Current sensor 301 monitors the output of a current measuring system, such as for example, the 20 secondary winding of current transformer 231, which is an AC voltage proportional to the load current. Also, current sensor 301 provides a signal to logic control unit 302. In one embodiment, the signal may be a DC voltage proportional to the current monitored by current sensor 301. In another embodiment, the signal may be a current proportional to the current monitored by current sensor 301. In another exemplary 25 embodiment, and with momentary reference to FIG. 4, wall plate circuit 130 of the wall plate system comprises a logic control unit 302 that is in communication with, and controls, more than one current transformer 231 and more than one switch 233. In an exemplary embodiment, logic control unit 302 is powered by an energy storage 30 capacitor. Logic control unit 302 may briefly connect the storage capacitor in order to continue powering logic control unit 302. In another embodiment, logic control unit 302 may be powered by a battery or other energy source. This energy source is 30/1l/I 1,9013 speci of us7964995,6 7 also referred to as housekeeping or hotel power; it functions as a low auxiliary power source. In one embodiment, auxiliary power is taken from AC line input 110. For further detail on similar current monitoring, see U.S. Provisional Application 61/052,939, hereby incorporated by reference. 5 In an exemplary embodiment, logic control unit 302 is a microprocessor capable of being programmed prior to, and after integration of wall plate system 100 in an electronic device. In one embodiment, a user is able to connect to logic control unit 302 and customize the parameters of wall plate system 100. For example, a user may 10 set the threshold level and a sleep mode duty cycle of wall plate system 100. Data from wall plate system 100 could be transmitted regarding, for example, the historical power consumption and/or energy saved. The bidirectional data transfer between wall plate system 100 and a display device may be achieved through a wireless signal, such as for example, an infra-red signal, a radio frequency signal, or 15 other similar signal. The data transfer may also be achieved using a wired connection, such as for example, a USB connection or other similar connection. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 may further comprise a power disconnect 303 in communication with logic control unit 302. 20 Power disconnect 303 is configured to isolate logic control unit 302 from AC line input 110 and reduce power loss. While isolated, logic control unit 302 is powered by the storage capacitor or other energy source and logic control unit 302 enters a sleep mode. If the storage capacitor reaches a low power level, power disconnect 303 is configured to reconnect logic control unit 302 to AC line input 110 to recharge the 25 storage capacitor. In an exemplary embodiment, power disconnect 303 is able to reduce the power loss from a range of microamperes of leakage to a range of nanoamperes of leakage. In another exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 receives a control signal that 30 is impressed upon AC line input 110 by another controller. The control signal may be, for example, the X10 control protocol or other similar protocol. Control circuit 232 may receive the control signal through the secondary winding of current 30/11/11,19013 speci of us7964995.7 8 transformer 231, from a coupled AC line input 110, or any other suitable means configured to couple AC line input 110 to control circuit 232 as now known or hereinafter devised. This control signal may come from within wall plate system 100 or may come from an external controller. The control signal may be a high frequency 5 control signal or at least a control signal at a frequency different than the frequency of AC line input 110. In an exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 interprets the high frequency control signal to engage or disengage switch 233. In another embodiment, an external controller may transmit a signal to turn wall plate system 100 to an "on" or "off' condition. 10 In an exemplary embodiment, if behavior of the secondary winding of current transformer 231 indicates that outlet 120 is drawing substantially no power from AC line input 110, switch 233 facilitates or controls disengaging of the primary circuit of current transformer 231 from outlet 120, i.e., switch 233 facilitates the disengaging 15 of a power source from outlet 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the secondary winding of current transformer 231 is monitored for an AC waveform at the AC line frequency, where the AC waveform has an RMS voltage proportional to the load current passing through the primary circuit of current transformer 231 to outlet 120. In another embodiment, the AC waveform is rectified and filtered to generate a DC 20 signal before being received by control circuit 232. The DC signal is proportional to the load current passing through the primary circuit of current transformer 231 to outlet 120. In one embodiment, the phrase "substantially no power" is intended to convey that 25 the output power is in the range of approximately 0-1% of a typical maximum output load. In an exemplary embodiment, switch 233 is configured to control the connection of the primary circuit of current transformer 231 to outlet 120 and comprises a switching mechanism to substantially disengage the primary circuit of current transformer 231 from outlet 120. Switch 233 may comprise at least one of a 30 relay, latching relay, a TRIAC, and an optically isolated TRIAC or other switching mechanisms for disengagement. 30/1l / 11,19013 speci of us 79 64 99 5,8 9 By substantially disabling the primary circuit of current transformer 231, the power consumption at outlet 120 is reduced. In one embodiment, substantially disabling outlet 120 is intended to convey that the output signal of the secondary winding of current transformer 231 has been interpreted by control circuit 232 as sufficiently 5 low so that it is appropriate to disengage switch 233 and remove power from outlet 120. In another exemplary embodiment, wall plate circuit 130 further comprises a reconnection device 234, which is configured to enable the closure of switch 233 10 through logic control unit 302. The closure of switch 233 reconnects outlet 120 to the primary circuit of current transformer 231 and AC line input 110. In an exemplary embodiment, reconnection device 234 comprises a switch device that may be closed and opened in various manners. For example, reconnection device 234 can comprise a push button that may be manually operated. In one embodiment, the push button is 15 located on the face of wall plate system 100. In another exemplary embodiment, reconnection device 234 is a wall switch remote to wall plate system 100 to allow a user to re-enable power to an outlet of wall plate system 100. In another embodiment, reconnection device 234 is affected remotely by signals traveling through AC line input 110 that control circuit 232 interprets as on/off control. In yet 20 another embodiment, reconnection device 234 is controlled by a wireless signal, such as for example, an infra-red signal, a radio frequency signal, or other similar signal. In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, switch 233 is automatically operated on a periodic basis. For example, switch 233 may automatically reconnect 25 after a few or several minutes or tens of minutes, or any period more or less frequent. In one embodiment, switch 233 is automatically reconnected frequently enough that a battery operated device connected to wall plate system 100 will not completely discharge internal batteries during a period of no power at the input to the connected device. After outlet 120 is reconnected, in an exemplary embodiment, wall plate 30 circuit 130 tests for or otherwise assesses load conditions, such as the power demand at outlet 120. If the load condition on outlet 120 is increased above previously measured levels, outlet 120 will remain connected to the primary circuit of current 30/11/11.19013 speci ofus7964995,9 10 transformer 231 until the load condition has returned to a selected or predetermined threshold level indicative of a "low load". In other words, if the power demand at outlet 120 increases, power is provided to outlet 120 until the power demand drops and indicates a defined idle mode. In an exemplary embodiment, the determination 5 of load conditions at re-connect are made after a selected time period had elapsed, for example after a number of seconds or minutes, so that current inrush or initialization events are ignored. In another embodiment, the load conditions may be averaged over a selected time period of a few seconds or minutes so that short bursts of high load average out. In yet another exemplary embodiment, wall plate system 100 10 comprises a master reconnection device that can re-engage all outlets 120 to AC line input 110. In an exemplary method of operation, wall plate system 100 has switch 233 closed upon initial power-up, such that power flows to outlet 120. When load conditions at 15 outlet 120 are below a threshold level, control circuit 232 opens switch 233 to create an open circuit and disengage outlet 120 from the AC power signal. This disengaging effectively eliminates any idle power lost by outlet 120. In one embodiment, the threshold level is a predetermined level, for example approximately one watt of power or less flowing to outlet 120. 20 In an exemplary embodiment, different outlets 120 may have different fixed threshold levels such that devices having a higher power level in idle may be usefully connected to wall plate system 100 for power management. For example, a large device may still draw about 5 watts during idle, but would never be disconnected 25 from AC line input 110 if the connected 120 had a threshold level of about 1 watt. In various embodiments, certain outlets 120 may have a higher threshold levels to accommodate high power devices, or lower threshold levels for lower power devices. In another embodiment, the threshold level is a learned level. The learned level may 30 be established through long term monitoring by control circuit 232 of load conditions at outlet 120. A history of power levels is created over time by monitoring and may serve as a template of power demand. In an exemplary embodiment, control circuit 30/11/I 1,19013 speci of us 796499 5 ,10 l1 232 examines the history of power levels and decides whether long periods of low power demand were times when a device connected at outlet 120 was in a low, or lowest, power mode. In an exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 disengages outlet 120 during low power usage times when the period of low power matches the 5 template. For example, the template might demonstrate that the device draws power through outlet 120 for eight hours, followed by 16 hours of low power demand. In another exemplary embodiment, control circuit 232 determines the approximate low power level of the electronic device connected at outlet 120, and sets a threshold 10 level to be a percentage of the determined approximate low power level. For example, control circuit 232 may set the threshold level to be about 100-105% of the approximate low power level demand. In another embodiment, the threshold demand may be set at about 100-110% or 110-120% or more of the approximate low level power demand. In addition, the low power level percentage range may be any 15 variation or combination of the disclosed ranges. Having disclosed various functions and structures for an exemplary wall plate system configured for reducing or eliminating power during idle mode by disengaging power input, a detailed schematic diagram of an exemplary wall plate system 500 20 can be provided in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. With reference to FIG. 5, in an exemplary embodiment of wall plate system 500, wall plate circuit 130 comprises current transformer 231, current sensor 301, logic control unit 302, power disconnect 303, and switch 233. 25 In one embodiment, current transformer 231 and current sensor 301 combine to measure the current in AC line input and convert said current to a proportional DC voltage that can be read by logic control unit 302. Furthermore, switch 233 may comprise a latching relay that provides a hard connect/disconnect of AC line input 110 to outlet 120 after a command from logic control unit 302. Switch 233 alternates 30 between open and closed contacts. Furthermore, switch 233 holds its position until reset by logic control unit 302, and will hold position without consuming any power in a relay coil KL. 30/1 1/1 1,19013 spcci of us7964995.I1 12 In an exemplary embodiment, logic control unit 302 comprises a microcontroller that receives input of the current in the AC line, controls the state of switch 233 and reads the contacts of reconnection device 234 and switch 233. In addition, logic control 5 unit 302 learns and stores the power profile for an electronic device connected to outlet 120. In another exemplary embodiment, wall plate circuit 130 further comprises reconnection device 234, which is activated to turn on outlet 120 when wall plate circuit 130 is first connected to AC line input 110 or when full power is needed immediately at outlet 120. 10 In an exemplary embodiment, power disconnect 303 comprises a network of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 which are used to condition AC line input 110 to a safe level suitable for logic control unit 302 and isolate logic control unit 302 from AC line input I10. In another embodiment, power disconnect 303 comprises relays in 15 addition to, or in place of, the transistors of the prior embodiment. Initial connection of wall plate system 500 involves connecting wall plate system 500 to an AC power source. In an exemplary method, upon initial plug-in of wall plate system 500 to a power source, all circuits of wall plate circuit 130 are dead and 20 switch 233 is in the last position set by logic control unit 302. This initial condition may or may not provide power to outlet 120. When all the circuits are dead, there is no current flow into wall plate circuit 130. This is due to the isolation provided by power disconnect 303 and reconnection device 234 in a normal, open position. In an exemplary embodiment, power disconnect 303 comprises transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and 25 capacitor C3. In this state, only leakage current will flow through transistors QI, Q2 and the leakage current will be on the order of approximately tens of nanoamperes. Furthermore, current transformer 231 provides dielectric isolation from primary side to secondary side so that only small leakage current flows due to the inter-winding capacitance of current transformer 231. 30 With continued reference to FIG. 5, in an exemplary embodiment and for illustration purposes, a user may reconnect the circuit using reconnection device 234 to establish 30/11/11,19013 speci of us7964995.12 13 a current path through diode D1, zener diode ZI, resistor R4, reconnection device 234 and zener diode Z3. Diode Dl serves to half-wave rectify the AC line to drop the peak to peak voltage in half. Zener diode ZI further reduces the voltage from diode DI, for example to about 20 volts. Zener diode Z3 and resistor R4 form a current 5 limited zener regulator that provides an appropriate DC voltage at the VDD input to logic control unit 302 while reconnection device 234 is held. In addition, capacitor C2 smoothes the DC signal on zener diode Z3 and provides storage during the contact bounce of reconnection device 234. Capacitor C2 is sized to provide sufficient storage during the start-up time of logic control unit 302, and capacitor C2 10 in combination with resistor R4 provides a fast rising edge on the VDD input to properly reset logic control unit 302. Furthermore, diode D5 isolates capacitor C2 from capacitor CS so the rise time constant of capacitor C2 and resistor R4 is not affected by the large capacitance of capacitor CS. When capacitor CS is powering logic control unit 302, the current of capacitor CS passes through diode D5. 15 In an exemplary method, if reconnection device 234 is activated for a few milliseconds, logic control unit 302 is configured to initialize and immediately set up to provide its own power before reconnection device 234 is released. This is accomplished from voltage doubler outputs VDI-VD3 and output ZGI of logic 20 control unit 302. First, output ZGI is driven high to turn on transistor Q2. With transistor Q2 on, a current path is established through resistor R3 and zener diode Z2 providing a regulated voltage at the drain of transistor Q1. This regulated voltage is similar to that produced by zener diode Z3 and is appropriate for the VDD input of logic control unit 302. Second, after the voltage on zener diode Z2 has stabilized for 25 a few microseconds, logic control unit 302 outputs VD1-VD3 begin switching to produce a gate drive signal to turn on transistor Q1. The signals produced by outputs VDI-VD3 and components including capacitor C3, transistor Q3, capacitor C4, diode D3 and diode D4 produce a voltage at the gate of transistor Q1 that is about twice the voltage on input VDD of logic control unit 302. This voltage doubling 30 turns transistor Q1 on hard. Once transistor QI is on, the voltage at zener diode Z2 charges capacitor CS. In an exemplary embodiment, capacitor CS is a large storage capacitor that is used to power logic control unit 302 when reconnection device 234 30/1 1/1 .19013 speci of us7964995,13 14 is not being activated. After capacitor CS has been charged for a few milliseconds, outputs VD1-VD3 and output ZGI return to a rest state and transistors QI and Q2 are turned off. In this embodiment, logic control unit 302 is operating off the stored charge in capacitor CS and not drawing power from AC line input 110. When 5 reconnection device 234 is no longer active, capacitor CS will continue to power logic control unit 302. If outlet 120 is idling and drawing substantially no power, logic control unit 302 may be able to disengage from drawing power and enter a "sleep" mode. In an exemplary 10 method, and with further reference to FIG. 5, when logic control unit 302 is operating from the stored energy in capacitor CS, a timing function is enabled in logic control unit 302 that uses capacitor C5 to perform the timing function. Capacitor C5 is briefly charged by the CAPTIME output of logic control unit 302 and over time capacitor C5 discharge rate will mimic the decay of the voltage on 15 capacitor CS. Once capacitor C5 voltage at input CAPTIME reaches a low level, logic control unit 302 will set the state of outputs VDI -VD3 and output ZGI to again recharge capacitor CS from the AC line. This process repeats over and over so power is never lost to logic control unit 302. The recharge process takes only milliseconds to operate, depending on the size of capacitor CS. 20 Furthermore, in an exemplary method, when logic control unit 302 is not busy recharging capacitor CS, switching relay KI, or measuring power drawn from outlet 120, logic control unit 302 is operating in a deep sleep mode that stops all, or substantially all, internal activity and waits for capacitor C5 to discharge. This sleep 25 mode consumes very little power and allows the charge on storage capacitor CS to persist for many seconds. If reconnection device 234 is activated during the sleep mode, logic control unit 302 will resume normal operation and set or reset relay KI. Alternatively, if capacitor C5 voltage falls too low, logic control unit 302 will again recharge capacitor CS and then return to sleep mode. 30 While an electronic device is in an idle mode, wall plate system 100 may continue to monitor for changes in the power drawn by the electronic device. In an exemplary 30/1 1/11.19013 speci of us7964995,14 15 method, while logic control unit 302 continuously goes in and out of sleep mode to re-power itself, logic control unit 302 will also periodically test the power being drawn from outlet 120. The period of power testing is much greater than that of capacitor CS charging and, for example, may be only tested every ten or more 5 minutes. In accordance with an exemplary method, there are at least three possible outcomes from the result of power testing: 1) the device is operating and the switch is not in standby condition, 2) the device is not operating but the switch is not in a standby condition, or 3) the switch is in a standby condition. 10 For the outcome when the device is operating and the switch is not in a standby condition, relay KI has been previously set to deliver power to outlet 120 and power testing shows an appreciable load current is being drawn by the electronic device connected. An "appreciable load" may be defined by some fixed value programmed into logic control unit 302, or it may be the result of a number of power tests and be 15 the typical load current for this electronic device. A power test result here will be interpreted as normal conditions and logic control unit 302 will go back into sleep mode cycling until another time period, such as ten minutes, has passed when the power test will be made again. In another exemplary embodiment, the duration of the sleep mode cycling is determined by a user. For example, a user may set the sleep 20 mode duration to be one, two, or five minutes and may do so using a dial a digital input, a push button, keypad or any other suitable means now know or hereinafter devised. For the outcome when the device is not operating but the switch is not in a standby 25 condition, relay K I has been previously set to deliver power to outlet 120 and power testing shows a negligible load current being drawn by the device connected. The "negligible load" may be some fixed value programmed into logic control unit 302, or it may be the result of a number of power tests and be the typical minimum found for this electronic device. In either case the action taken by logic control unit 302 30 will be to set relay KI to an open condition by using logic control unit 302 outputs RELAYI-RELAY3 to energize relay coil Kl. The state of relay KI is determined by logic control unit 302 testing for the presence of resistor R5, since logic control unit 30/1 1/I 1.19013 speci of us7964995,15 16 302 may not know the previous state of relay KI, for example, starting from power off state. For the outcome when the switch is in a standby condition, that is, relay KI has been 5 set to remove power from outlet 120, logic control unit 302 must set relay KI to a closed condition to allow AC power to be applied to the outlet. In an exemplary method, once relay KI is set, a period of time is allowed to elapse before the power testing is done. This delay allows for the electronic device attached to outlet 120 to initialize and enter a stable operating mode. Power measurements may now be made 10 over some period of time to determine if the electronic device is in a low or high power state. If a high power state is determined, relay KI remains set. If a low power state is determined, relay KI is reset to open condition and power is again removed from outlet 120. Also, logic control unit 302 will again begin sleep mode cycling and power testing after a determined time period, for example, every ten minutes. 15 If a user wants to operate a device that is connected to outlet 120 and that outlet is turned off, in an exemplary embodiment, activating reconnection device 234 will immediately wake logic control unit 302 from sleep mode. Since the wake up was from the activation of reconnection device 234 and not due to power testing or 20 capacitor CS recharging, logic control unit 302 will immediately set relay KI to closed position to power the electronic device connected to outlet 120. In addition to the embodiments described above, various other elements may be implemented to enhance control and user experience. One way to enhance user 25 control is to allow a user to select the operating mode of an outlet. In an exemplary embodiment, wall plate system 100 further comprises a "Green Mode" switch that enables or disables the "green" mode operation. The green mode switch may be a hard, manual switch or it may be a signal to logic control unit 302. "Green" mode operation is the disengaging of outlet 120 from AC line input 1 10 when substantially 30 no load is being drawn at outlet 120. A user may use the green mode switch to disenable green mode operation on various outlets when desired. For instance, this 30/1 1/11,19013 spcci of us7964995,16 17 added control may be desirable on outlets that power devices with clocks or devices that need to be instantly on, such as a fax machine. In one embodiment, wall plate system 100 includes LED indicators, which may 5 indicate whether an outlet is connected to the power line and drawing a load current. The LED indicators may indicate that whether an outlet is active, that is, power is drawn by an electronic device and/or the outlet has power available even if an electronic device is not connected. In addition, a pulsing LED may be used to show when power testing is being done or to indicate the "heartbeat" of sleep mode 10 recharging. In another embodiment, wall plate system 100 comprises at least one LCD display. The LCD display may be operated by logic control unit 302 to indicate the load power being provided to outlet 120, for example during times of operation. The LCD 15 may also provide information about the power saved or power consumed by operating wall plate system 100 in or out of a "green" mode. For example, LCD may display the sum total of watts saved during a certain time period, such as the life of wall plate system 100 or in a day. 20 Various embodiments may also be used to enhance the efficient use of the wall plate system and/or individual outlets in the wall plate system. One such embodiment is the implementation of a photocell or other optical sensor monitored by logic control unit 302. The photocell determines whether light is present in the location of wall plate system 100 and logic control unit 302 can use this determination to disengage 25 outlet 120 depending on the ambient light conditions. For example, logic control unit 302 may disengage output 120 during periods of darkness. In other words, the outlets of the wall plate system may be turned off at night. Another example is devices do not need power if located in a dark room, such as an unused conference room in an office. Also, the power outputs may be turned off when the ambient light conditions 30 exceed a certain level, which may be predetermined or user determined. 30/ 1 11,19013 speci of us 7 96 4 99 5 ,17 18 In another embodiment, wall plate system 100 further comprises an internal clock. Logic control unit 302 may use the internal clock to learn which time periods show a high power usage at outlet 120. This knowledge may be included to determine when an outlet should have power available. In an exemplary embodiment, the internal 5 clock has quartz crystal accuracy. Also, the internal clock does not need to be set to an actual time. Furthermore, the internal clock may be used in combination with the photocell for greater wall plate system efficiency and/or accuracy. The present invention has been described above with reference to various exemplary 10 embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes and modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the various exemplary embodiments can be implemented with other types of wall plate circuits in addition to the circuits illustrated above. These alternatives can be suitably selected depending upon the 15 particular application or in consideration of any number of factors associated with the operation of the system. Moreover, these and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention, as expressed in the following claims. 30/11/11.19013 speci of us 7 964 9 95,18

Claims

1. A wall plate system configured to reduce power during idle operation of an electronic device, said wall plate system configured to be within or plugged into a 5 wall plate, said wall plate system comprising: at least one outlet of said wall plate system configured to transmit power to the electronic device; and a wall plate circuit configured to receive power from an alternating current (AC) line input and transmit power to said at least one outlet, and said wall plate circuit configured to disengage transmitting power to said at least one outlet in response to said at least one outlet 10 drawing substantially no power.

2. The wall plate system of claim 1, wherein said wall plate circuit comprises: a current measuring system configured to monitor current from the AC line input, wherein said current measuring system provides an output power signal; and a 15 control circuit configured to receive said output power signal and control the connection between said at least one outlet and the AC line input.

3. The wall plate system of claim 1, further comprising a green mode switch configured to select an operating mode of said at least one outlet, wherein said 20 operating mode is at least one of a normal mode and a green mode.

4. The wall plate system of claim 1, further comprising at least one LED indicator configured to indicate if said electronic device connected to said at least one outlet is active. 25

5. The wall plate system of claim 1, further comprising a liquid crystal display (LCD) configured to display data, wherein said data is at least one of load power provided to said at least one outlet, power saved by said at least one outlet, power saved by said wall plate system, and power consumed by said wall plate system. 30

6. The wall plate system of claim 2, further comprising a reconnection device configured to override said control circuit and re-engage said at least one outlet and 30/11l/11.19013 speci of us7964995,19 20 the AC line input, and wherein said reconnection device is further configured to disengage said at least one outlet and the AC line input.

7. The wall plate system of claim 6, wherein said reconnection device is 5 configured to override a single control circuit.

8. The wall plate system of claim 1, wherein the substantially no power is approximately 0-1% of a typical maximum output load of said electronic device at said at least one outlet. 10

9. The wall plate system of claim 1, wherein said wall plate circuit is engaged behind the face of said at least one outlet.

10. The wall plate system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional 15 outlet and wherein said wall plate circuit is engaged to the face of said at least outlet.

11. A wall plate system configured to efficiently provide power to an electronic device, said wall plate system comprising: at least one outlet configured to provide power to said electronic device; a current measuring system configured to monitor 20 current drawn by said at least one outlet; and a control circuit configured to control the coupling of said at least one outlet to an alternating current (AC) line input; wherein said control circuit decouples said at least one outlet in response to substantially no power being drawn by said at least one outlet, such that said at least one outlet is effectively disengaged from the AC line input. 25

12. The wall plate system of claim 11, wherein said control circuit tests a load condition at said at least one outlet by reengaging said at least one outlet to the AC line input and determining if the current drawn by said at least one outlet indicates substantially no power. 30

13. The wall plate system of claim 11, wherein said control circuit controls said at least one outlet individually. 30/11111,19013 speci of us7964995.20 21

14. The wall plate system of claim 11, further comprising a photocell configured to measure a level of ambient light surrounding said wall plate system, wherein said control circuit is configured to disengage said at least one outlet based 5 upon the level of ambient light.

15. The wall plate system of claim 11, wherein a threshold level is a learned level determined by long term monitoring of a load condition at said at least one outlet, wherein said substantially no power is based on the threshold level. 10

16. The wall plate system of claim 15, wherein said threshold level is a percentage of a determined approximate low power level of said electronic device, and wherein said percentage of said determined approximate low power level is at least one range of approximately 100-105%, approximately 100-110%, and 15 approximately 110-120%.

17. The wall plate system of claim 15, wherein said at least one outlet comprises a first outlet with a first threshold level and a second outlet with a second threshold level, wherein said first threshold level is different from said second 20 threshold level.

18. A method of facilitating lower power consumption from a wall plate outlet, the method comprising: providing power to an electronic device coupled to said wall plate outlet; monitoring, with a current measuring system, a load condition at said 25 wall plate outlet to generate a measured load condition; transmitting said measured load condition to a control circuit; and disengaging said wall plate outlet from an alternating current (AC) line input, without disengaging an additional wall plate outlet, in response to the measured load condition being substantially no power. 30

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising overriding said control circuit using a reconnection device to reengage the AC line input to said wall plate outlet. 30/I1/11,19013 speci ofus7964995,21 22

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising: determining a threshold level based upon the monitoring of the load condition at said wall plate outlet, wherein said substantially no power is based on the threshold level; and electrically isolating said control circuit from the AC line input using a power disconnect. 5

21. The method of claim 18, wherein said wall plate outlet is a single wall plate outlet in a wall plate system having a plurality of wall plate outlets. 30/1I/I,19013 speci ofus7964995,22