ATE279492T1 - Mehrschichtiger reflektierender film oder pigment mit von blickwinkel abhängigen reflektionseigenschaften - Google Patents

Mehrschichtiger reflektierender film oder pigment mit von blickwinkel abhängigen reflektionseigenschaften

Info

Publication number
ATE279492T1
ATE279492T1 AT01101482T AT01101482T ATE279492T1 AT E279492 T1 ATE279492 T1 AT E279492T1 AT 01101482 T AT01101482 T AT 01101482T AT 01101482 T AT01101482 T AT 01101482T AT E279492 T1 ATE279492 T1 AT E279492T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
pigments
viewing angle
layer
multilayer reflective
pigment
Prior art date
Application number
AT01101482T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Kuntz
Hans-Dieter Brueckner
David Coates
Rodney Riddle
Original Assignee
Merck Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent Gmbh filed Critical Merck Patent Gmbh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE279492T1 publication Critical patent/ATE279492T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03HHOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/36Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09BORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B67/00Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
    • C09B67/0098Organic pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. nacrous pigments
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00Liquid crystal materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/03Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/031Polarizer or dye
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24835Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including developable image or soluble portion in coating or impregnation [e.g., safety paper, etc.]
AT01101482T 2000-03-02 2001-01-24 Mehrschichtiger reflektierender film oder pigment mit von blickwinkel abhängigen reflektionseigenschaften ATE279492T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00104413 2000-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE279492T1 true ATE279492T1 (de) 2004-10-15

Family

ID=8168016

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT01101482T ATE279492T1 (de) 2000-03-02 2001-01-24 Mehrschichtiger reflektierender film oder pigment mit von blickwinkel abhängigen reflektionseigenschaften

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6641874B2 (de)
JP (1) JP2001315243A (de)
KR (1) KR20010087280A (de)
CN (1) CN1232840C (de)
AT (1) ATE279492T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60106311T2 (de)
MX (1) MXPA01002160A (de)
TW (1) TW528793B (de)

Families Citing this family (93)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6827277B2 (en) * 2001-10-02 2004-12-07 Digimarc Corporation Use of pearlescent and other pigments to create a security document
AU2002364036A1 (en) 2001-12-24 2003-07-15 Digimarc Id Systems, Llc Laser etched security features for identification documents and methods of making same
US7694887B2 (en) 2001-12-24 2010-04-13 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Optically variable personalized indicia for identification documents
AU2002364255A1 (en) 2001-12-24 2003-07-15 Digimarc Id Systems, Llc Covert variable information on id documents and methods of making same
US7046320B2 (en) * 2002-03-14 2006-05-16 Nitto Denko Corporation Optical element and surface light source device using the same, as well as liquid crystal display
WO2003088144A2 (en) 2002-04-09 2003-10-23 Digimarc Id Systems, Llc Image processing techniques for printing identification cards and documents
US7824029B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2010-11-02 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Identification card printer-assembler for over the counter card issuing
EP1376163B1 (de) * 2002-06-27 2011-08-17 Merck Patent GmbH Verfahren zur Schichtherstellung mit polymerisierten Flüssigkristallmaterialien
CA2498737C (en) 2002-09-13 2012-01-03 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Object identifying medium using multi-layer thin-film
CA2405249A1 (en) * 2002-09-24 2004-03-24 Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited Printed security device and method
JP4198970B2 (ja) * 2002-11-08 2008-12-17 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー メタリックフィルム及びイメージ表示体
US7804982B2 (en) 2002-11-26 2010-09-28 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Systems and methods for managing and detecting fraud in image databases used with identification documents
JP4233355B2 (ja) * 2003-01-16 2009-03-04 株式会社資生堂 情報を刻印した積層材料、それを貼付した物品、及び情報コードの観察方法
US8158241B2 (en) * 2003-03-04 2012-04-17 Arkema France Article displaying edgewise, angular multi-chromatic characteristics
US7018713B2 (en) * 2003-04-02 2006-03-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Flexible high-temperature ultrabarrier
EP1614064B1 (de) 2003-04-16 2010-12-08 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Dreidimensionale datenspeicherung
US7256921B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2007-08-14 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same
US8518546B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-08-27 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds and compositions
US8545015B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-10-01 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing photochromic articles
US8545984B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-10-01 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds and compositions
US8582192B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-11-12 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing photochromic articles
US9096014B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2015-08-04 Transitions Optical, Inc. Oriented polymeric sheets exhibiting dichroism and articles containing the same
US8698117B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2014-04-15 Transitions Optical, Inc. Indeno-fused ring compounds
US7342112B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2008-03-11 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Photochromic compounds
US7632540B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2009-12-15 Transitions Optical, Inc. Alignment facilities for optical dyes
US7978391B2 (en) 2004-05-17 2011-07-12 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same
US8211338B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2012-07-03 Transitions Optical, Inc Photochromic compounds
US8089678B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2012-01-03 Transitions Optical, Inc Clear to circular polarizing photochromic devices and methods of making the same
KR100947182B1 (ko) * 2003-07-02 2010-03-15 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 코팅형 광학 필름, 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용한액정표시장치
US7744002B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2010-06-29 L-1 Secure Credentialing, Inc. Tamper evident adhesive and identification document including same
DE102004039355A1 (de) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-23 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE102004021246A1 (de) * 2004-04-30 2005-11-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Sicherheitselement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US20060154077A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-07-13 Robert Hammond-Smith Polymerizable liquid crystal formulation and polarizer
US8563213B2 (en) 2004-07-16 2013-10-22 Transitions Optical, Inc. Methods for producing photosensitive microparticles
US8153344B2 (en) * 2004-07-16 2012-04-10 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Methods for producing photosensitive microparticles, aqueous compositions thereof and articles prepared therewith
US8563212B2 (en) 2004-07-16 2013-10-22 Transitions Optical, Inc. Methods for producing photosensitive microparticles, non-aqueous dispersions thereof and articles prepared therewith
DE102005005208A1 (de) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-10 Röhm GmbH & Co. KG Transluzente UV-durchlässige Tafel mit IR-reflektierender Wirkung
US9028728B2 (en) 2005-04-08 2015-05-12 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic materials that include indeno-fused naphthopyrans
US8647538B2 (en) 2005-04-08 2014-02-11 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds having at least two photochromic moieties
US9139552B2 (en) 2005-04-08 2015-09-22 Transitions Optical, Inc. Indeno-fused naphthopyrans having ethylenically unsaturated groups
JP4909535B2 (ja) * 2005-06-23 2012-04-04 日東電工株式会社 積層反射体、認証カード、バーコードラベル、認証システム、及び、認証領域形成システム
DE102005030242A1 (de) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Merck Patent Gmbh Semitransparente Interferenzpigmente
BRPI0721301A2 (pt) * 2006-12-29 2014-03-25 3M Innovative Properties Co Método para cura de filmes contendo alcóxido metálico
BRPI0720867A2 (pt) * 2006-12-29 2014-03-04 3M Innovative Properties Company. Método para fabricação de filmes inorgânicos ou híbridos inorgânicos/orgânicos
US20100103335A1 (en) * 2007-03-13 2010-04-29 Cees Bastiaansen Polarization selective scattering security device and method for manufacturing the same
US8861087B2 (en) 2007-08-12 2014-10-14 Toyota Motor Corporation Multi-layer photonic structures having omni-directional reflectivity and coatings incorporating the same
KR101393999B1 (ko) 2007-08-20 2014-05-14 칼 짜이스 에스엠티 게엠베하 반사 코팅을 갖는 미러 소자들을 구비하는 투영 대물렌즈
MY162937A (en) * 2007-10-09 2017-07-31 Sicpa Holding Sa Security marking authentication device
KR101563025B1 (ko) 2007-12-28 2015-10-23 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 가요성 캡슐화 필름 및 그의 제조 방법
US20100014010A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-21 Transitions Optical, Inc. Formulations comprising mesogen containing compounds
US20090326186A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-31 Transitions Optical, Inc. Mesogen containing compounds
US8431039B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2013-04-30 Transitions Optical, Inc. Mesogenic stabilizers
US8628685B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2014-01-14 Transitions Optical, Inc Mesogen-containing compounds
US7910020B2 (en) * 2008-06-27 2011-03-22 Transitions Optical, Inc. Liquid crystal compositions comprising mesogen containing compounds
US8613868B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2013-12-24 Transitions Optical, Inc Mesogenic stabilizers
US8623238B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2014-01-07 Transitions Optical, Inc. Mesogenic stabilizers
US8349210B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2013-01-08 Transitions Optical, Inc. Mesogenic stabilizers
US7910019B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2011-03-22 Transitions Optical, Inc. Mesogen containing compounds
WO2010002755A2 (en) 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making inorganic or inorganic/organic hybrid barrier films
JP5902373B2 (ja) * 2009-02-19 2016-04-13 トヨタ モーター エンジニアリング アンド マニュファクチャリング ノース アメリカ,インコーポレイティド 全方向反射特性を有する多層フォトニック構造および該構造を取り入れたコーティング
WO2010151818A1 (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-29 Nanni Richard A Systems and methods for generating high resolution three dimensional images
KR101769296B1 (ko) * 2009-09-23 2017-08-18 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 적층 폴리에스테르 필름
US9475901B2 (en) * 2009-12-08 2016-10-25 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photoalignment materials having improved adhesion
US20110227327A1 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Bryan Prichard Privacy card cover
US10067265B2 (en) 2010-10-12 2018-09-04 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Semi-transparent reflectors
JP5598294B2 (ja) * 2010-12-06 2014-10-01 大日本印刷株式会社 タガントの製造方法およびタガント
JP5707909B2 (ja) * 2010-12-06 2015-04-30 大日本印刷株式会社 微粒子の製造方法
US8920928B2 (en) 2010-12-16 2014-12-30 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds and compositions
US9034219B2 (en) 2010-12-16 2015-05-19 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds and compositions
KR101542021B1 (ko) 2011-06-06 2015-08-04 트랜지션즈 옵티칼 인코포레이티드 편광 광변색성 제품
KR101560216B1 (ko) 2012-12-27 2015-10-14 삼성전자 주식회사 다층형 광학 필름 및 표시 장치
US20140264979A1 (en) 2013-03-13 2014-09-18 Transitions Opticals, Inc. Method of preparing photochromic-dichroic films having reduced optical distortion
US9168394B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9320687B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2016-04-26 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9168393B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
US9168209B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2015-10-27 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. Pigmented skin-care compositions
FR3004471B1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2015-10-23 Arjowiggins Security Element de securite comportant une structure de masquage contenant un melange de charges nanometriques.
FR3004470B1 (fr) * 2013-04-11 2015-05-22 Arjowiggins Security Element de securite comportant un pigment interferentiel et une charge nanometrique.
EP2799398B1 (de) 2013-04-30 2018-05-23 Merck Patent GmbH alpha-Aluminaplattchen
ES2688388T3 (es) 2013-04-30 2018-11-02 Merck Patent Gmbh Escamas de alfa-alúmina
JP2015079230A (ja) * 2013-09-10 2015-04-23 住友化学株式会社 積層体の製造方法
CN107109227B (zh) 2014-09-30 2021-05-04 光学转变公司 紫外光吸收剂
CN107438514B (zh) 2015-01-22 2019-10-18 光学转变公司 具有光致发光标记的光学制品
CN106336725A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-18 上海箩箕技术有限公司 油墨、成像模组及其上色方法
JP6572146B2 (ja) * 2016-01-29 2019-09-04 富士フイルム株式会社 ハーフミラーおよび画像表示機能付きミラー
JP6703750B2 (ja) * 2016-09-30 2020-06-03 ブラザー工業株式会社 粘着テープカートリッジ
WO2018121873A1 (en) 2016-12-30 2018-07-05 Transitions Optical, Ltd. Polarizing article and method of forming a polarizing article
US10866455B2 (en) 2017-10-19 2020-12-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Display devices including photochromic-dichroic compounds and dichroic compounds
JP7321245B2 (ja) * 2018-07-17 2023-08-04 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 適合性のあるカラーシフトラミネート
JP2021104637A (ja) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-26 日本ペイントホールディングス株式会社 積層体および物品
JP2021105132A (ja) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-26 日本ペイントホールディングス株式会社 顔料、組成物および物品
JP2021105133A (ja) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-26 日本ペイントホールディングス株式会社 組成物、塗膜および物品
CN114114488B (zh) * 2021-11-10 2023-09-12 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 一种偏振灵敏度可调控的可见近红外金属薄膜反射镜

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3682531A (en) * 1970-11-05 1972-08-08 Andrew R Jeffers High contrast display device
US4647157A (en) * 1984-12-04 1987-03-03 Polaroid Corporation Fluoroelastomeric sealants for liquid crystal cells
US4900611A (en) * 1988-11-07 1990-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Paint coated article
JP4076028B2 (ja) * 1997-02-18 2008-04-16 大日本印刷株式会社 偏光分離フィルム、バックライト及び液晶表示装置
JP3591699B2 (ja) * 1997-10-09 2004-11-24 日東電工株式会社 偏光素子、光学素子、照明装置及び液晶表示装置
TW394852B (en) * 1998-08-26 2000-06-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Reflective film
US5982464A (en) * 1998-12-16 1999-11-09 Technoloogy Resource International Corporation Multi-twist color liquid crystal display
GB2345797B (en) * 1999-01-15 2003-09-03 Alenia Marconi Systems Ltd Quarter wave plate
JP2001305520A (ja) * 2000-04-24 2001-10-31 Toshiba Corp 液晶表示素子およびその製造方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1232840C (zh) 2005-12-21
US20020022093A1 (en) 2002-02-21
JP2001315243A (ja) 2001-11-13
TW528793B (en) 2003-04-21
DE60106311D1 (de) 2004-11-18
DE60106311T2 (de) 2006-02-09
KR20010087280A (ko) 2001-09-15
MXPA01002160A (es) 2002-10-23
CN1311447A (zh) 2001-09-05
US6641874B2 (en) 2003-11-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE279492T1 (de) Mehrschichtiger reflektierender film oder pigment mit von blickwinkel abhängigen reflektionseigenschaften
KR100653287B1 (ko) 적-녹-청 중합체 간섭 필름
US7782509B2 (en) Security device
EP0720753B1 (de) Gefärbtes material
CN107148583B (zh) 防止伪造用的光学元件
WO2004061491A3 (en) Optical polarizing films with designed color shifts depending on the angle of incidence, the films having substantially no reflection bands in the visible spectrum for normally incident light
KR20010034097A (ko) 투명 내지 채색된 보안 필름
JPS61105509A (ja) 角度による相当量のカラ−シフトを有する光学的変色薄膜製品とその製法
JP2002509276A (ja) 再帰反射ダイクロイック反射体
HUP0100370A2 (hu) Optikailag változó első és második festékanyagot tartalmazó tinta, keverék, valamint biztonsági dokumentum
US11054551B2 (en) Multiple image scattering device
AU2016228948A1 (en) A hidden image security device and method
ATE290708T1 (de) Sicherheits-etikett
JP2017530380A (ja) カラーシフト効果及び不正開封防止機能を備えたセキュリティエレメント
EP1132450A3 (de) Mehrschichtiger reflektierender Film oder Pigment mit von Blickwinkel abhängigen Reflektionseigenschaften
CA2376463A1 (en) Security article including diffractive optic filter
JP2016540254A (ja) 識別装置
MX2018011790A (es) Revestimientos difusores y reflectantes de luz.
US6189934B1 (en) Anti-copy layer utilizing spectral fragments
CN210534365U (zh) 一种彩色隐形图案光学元件
JP2012215762A (ja) 偽造防止媒体
JP2007271750A (ja) 明室用反射型スクリーン
EP1201726A3 (de) Perlpolymerisate
RU2544144C1 (ru) Защитная метка
WO2022168690A1 (ja) 光学積層体及びその真正性の判定方法、並びに物品

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties