AP896A

AP896A - Subscriber site method and apparatus for decoding and selective interdiction of television channels.

Info

Publication number: AP896A
Application number: APAP/P/1998/001181A
Authority: AP
Inventors: Pablo Miliani; David L Petree; Yat Sen Lie
Original assignee: California Amplifier
Priority date: 1995-07-11
Filing date: 1995-12-21
Publication date: 2000-11-17
Also published as: WO1997003523A1; BR9510615A; OA10754A; EP0806116A1; EP0806116A4; AU4645096A

Abstract

With the present decoder/interdiction device combination (566) , the microcontroller (518) receives authorization data from a data receiver (568) via rts data output (570) that has been inserted at the headend to identify authorized subscribers (preferable identified with a predefined subscriber of box code in the microcontroller (518). The same microcontroller (518) that controls the common decrypting of a commonly encrypted input so.urce (572), loads the 9 channel interdiction table (516) according to the authorization data, e.g., according to tiers. The data in the interdiction table (516) is then used to control the operation of the frequency synthesizer/VCO (516) and the mute switch (522) using the control interface (528) and mute control signal (534) according to the previously described algorithm. This improved combination now permits the simultaneous reception of multiple unencrypted signals (suitable for picture-in-picture use) while still permitting the provider to withhold access to selected channels.

Description

SUBSCRIBER SITE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DECODING AND SELECTIVE INTERDICTION OF TELEVISION CHANNELS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to multichannel television systems and more particularly to interdiction devices for selectively scrambling television channels at subscriber sites.

Subscription television distribution systems (either (1) cable or (2) over-the-air) typically provide a basic block of television channels to subscribers at a subscriber site for a basic monthly fee and one or more premium television θ channels for additional fees. In a typical cable system, the physical connection itself coiitrols access to the basic channels while premium channels are often scrambled (encrypted) at their source, i.e., the headend, by the provider to restrict their viewing to only subscribers who pay the additional fee. Alternatively, providers may provide unscrambled (in-the-clear) channels to each subscriber site where the provider physically places an interdiction device which blocks, e.g., attenuates or scrambles, selected channels to stop unauthorized subscribers from receiving the selected channels.

In over-the-air subscriber systems (often called .-^25 wireless cable or TV), all channels are generally scrambled at

AP/P/ 98/011 81 the headend to prevent unauthorized reception of both basic and premium channels since the transmitted channels are available to anyone in the geographical service area. Subscribers are typically provided with a descrambler (decoder) which can descramble (decode/decrypt) only one channel at a time. Therefore, subscriber receivers, e.g., television sets, videocassette recorders, can only be tuned to a single selected channel and features of modern television equipment that process multiple channels, e.g., picture-in-picture, are useless.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a decryption process which facilitates simultaneous decryption of a block of encrypted television channels thus making a decrypted block of television channels simultaneously available for direct tuning by subscriber receivers. Additionally, the present invention is directed to an encryption process which facilitates the jamming of selected television channels from said decrypted block thus making it possible to interdict reception of those selected channels by unauthorized subscribers. The present invention can be advantageously used in both over-the-air and hard-wired subscription television distribution systems to provide subscribers with a plurality of simultaneously available decrypted television channels and selectively encrypted channels, e.g., premium channels.

A system in accordance with the present invention is characterized by a selective interdiction device located at a subscriber site that operates on a block of television channels, decrypted at the subscriber site, such that the interdiction device jams one or more selected channels, e.g., premium, by combining a jamming signal within the frequency range of the channels to be interdicted.

A preferred subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference signal within said band and synchronous with said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encrypted in accordance with a common encoding rule comprises a) a timing recovery circuit responsive to said common timing reference signal for generating at least one sync signal, b) a single decoder responsive to said sync signal for simultaneously decrypting all of said channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate multiple decrypted channel signals, each capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver, to produce an intelligible image, and c) an interdiction apparatus for periodically inserting a jamming signal into at least one of said multiple decrypted channel signals to render it incapable

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APO 0 0 8 9 6 of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

Alternatively, a preferred subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system 5 headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference signal within said band and synchronous with said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel 10 signals is encrypted in accordance with a common encoding rule comprises a) an interdiction apparatus for periodically inserting a jamming signal into said RF band to generate an interdicted RF signal, b) a timing recovery circuit responsive to said common timing reference signal for generating at least ”15 one sync signal and c) a single decoder responsive to said sync signal and said interdicted RF signal to simultaneously decrypt multiple channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate a recovered multichannel signal comprising multiple decrypted channel signals capable of 20 directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

The novel features of the invention are set forth 25 with particularity in the appended claims. The invention will > be best understood from the following description when read in /4 conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1A illustrates that decryption is typically restricted to a single selected channel signal in prior art subscription television distribution systems;

Figure IB illustrates that decryption provides simultaneous access to all encrypted channel signals in a subscription television distribution system in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 illustrates encryption/decryption 10 processes in accordance with the present invention;

Figures 3A and 3B are block diagrams of alternative embodiments of an encryption system configured to facilitate the simultaneous decryption of all encrypted channel signals;

Figure 4 is a block diagram of apparatus for simultaneous decryption of channel signals generated by the systems of Figures 3A and 3B;

Figure 5 illustrates a typical composite video signal;

Figure 6A is an enlarged view of the picture and horizontal synchronization components of a plurality of composite video signals;

Figure 6B illustrates the composite video signals ofFigure 6A with like components in time coincidence;

Figure 6C illustrates an exemplary encoding rule for encoding the components of the composite video signals of Figure 6B;

Figure 6D illustrates a plurality of encoded composite video signals resulting from modification of the composite video signals of Figure 6B in accordance with the encoding rule of Figure 6C;

Figure 6E illustrates a plurality of video IF carriers, each amplitude modulated with a different one of the encoded composite video signals of Figure 6D;

Figure 6F illustrates a decoding rule which is the inverse of the encoding rule of Figure 6C;

Figure 6G illustrates the video IF carriers of Figure 6E after modification in accordance with the decoding rule of Figure 6F;

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Figure 7 illustrates the command transmission structure comprised of multiple data bytes and a reference pulse that are added to a selected channel signal;

Figure 8 illustrates the relationship of the 5 command transmission structure of Figure 7 to a typical 525 line, 60 HZ television signal;

Figure 9 illustrates the relationship of the reference pulse to the tenth horizontal sync pulse in the television signal of Figure 8;

Figure 10 illustrates the relationship of the command transmission structure of Figure 7 to a typical 625 line, 50 Hz television signal;

Figure 11 illustrates the relationship of the reference pulse to the eighth horizontal sync pulse in the television signal of Figure 10 ,Figure 12 is an expanded block diagram of a portion of the processing of video channel N as shown in Figure 3B;

Figure 13 is a top level block diagram of an up/down converter embodiment of the data modulator of Figures 3B and 12 ,·

Figure 14 is a detailed block diagram of a preferred up/down converter as shown in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the decoder portion of the downconverter/decoder .j as shown in Figure 4;

Figure 16 is a detailed block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the decoder of Figure 15,Figure 17 is a simplified block diagram showing the use of a selective multichannel interdiction device of the present invention that selectively jams predetermined premium channels;

Figure 18 is a block diagram of a preferred selective multichannel interdiction device that jams predetermined premium channels by adding a jamming signal to each of the selected premium channel signals,·

Figure 19 shows an exemplary flow chart for a controller that controls the combining of a jamming signal with the multichannel television signal; and

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Figure 20 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention combining a selective interdiction device with a decoder.

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APO00896

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As shown in Figure 1A, typical prior art television distribution systems provide subscribers with a plurality of encrypted television channel signals 20 but restrict decryption 22 to the production of one decrypted channel signal 24 at a time. Thus, for example, a subscriber can cause any one of the encrypted channel signals 20 to be decrypted for viewing on a television set but cannot at the same time record another decrypted channel signal on a video cassette recorder or use another channel signal for a picture-in-picture system. In an attempt to address this limitation, one prior art system uses a plurality of decoders, e.g., 22A-22N, one for each encrypted channel signal, that respectively decode the channel signals which are then “15 upconverted by a plurality of upconverters 25A-25N to a new channel frequency 26A-26N.

Figure IB illustrates that encryption/decryption systems taught by the present invention facilitate decryption 28 of all encrypted channel signals 30 simultaneously so that a complete set of decrypted channel signals 32 is simultaneously available in their original frequency slots. Therefore, a subscriber can have each of a plurality of subscriber receivers (e.g., television sets, video cassette recorders) receiving a different channel signal simultaneously while also using modern television processing 'features, e.g., picture-in-picture, which I require simultaneous availability of multiple channel signals.

An encryption/decryption process 40, in accordance with the invention, is shown in Figure 2. Television distribution systems typically include a headend where a plurality of television channel signals from different sources, e.g., satellite TV signals, standard broadcast VHP and UHF signals, are captured, combined and fed into the system. In the process 40, headend generation 42 of multichannel television signals begins with a plurality of video sources 44 which each provide a composite video signal 45 including picture and synchronization components (as shown in Figure 5 and further described below).

The composite video signals 45 are encrypted 50 and used to modulate 52 separate channels to place them into

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separate frequency channels for distribution. In addition, a process of time synchronization 54 is imposed to place like components of the composite video signals 45 in a predetermined time relationship.

Distribution 60 to subscriber sites 66 of the channel signals generated at the headend may then be accomplished by a variety of well known processes, e.g., cable transmission or wireless over-the-air transmission, as a common RF signal 68 that contains each composite video signal in a distinct frequency slot. Because of the time synchronization 54 imposed at the headend, the common RF signal 68, comprised of a plurality of television channel signals separated in frequency, arrive at the subscriber sites 66 in time synchronization so that decryption 70 can be performed on all channel signals simultaneously.

Apparatus embodiments for realizing the processes of Figure 2 are illustrated in Figures 3A, 3B and 4. Figure 3A shows a block diagram of a headend 100 in which baseband composite video sources 102A-102N are each connected to separate electronic delay devices such as frame synchronizers 104. The frame synchronizers 104 selectively delay the composite video signals from the sources 102A-102N to place like components, e.g., picture and synchronization components, in time synchronization with reference to a crystal controlled video reference 105, thus generating time synchronized composite video signals 106. The crystal controlled video reference 105 is coupled to a timing reference generator 108 used to synchronously generate a common timing reference signal 109, as described further below.

The time synchronized composite video signals 106 are used to amplitude modulate separate video IF carriers in IF modulators 110 after which encryption is accomplished by modifying IF envelopes in accordance with a selected encoding rule (code) in encoders 112, thus generating encoded IF carriers 113. Typical apparatus for envelope modification include variable gain amplifiers, variable loss attenuators and selectable signal paths having different gains. Exemplary envelope modification apparatus are disclosed in U.S. Patents

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4,706,283; 4,802,214; 4,926,477; and 4,928,309, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The modulators 110 and encoders 112 of Figure 3A may alternatively be interchanged, as shown in Figure 3B, to use the encoder 112 to first encode the time synchronized video signals 106 by amplitude modification in accordance with a selected encoding rule and then using the resultant signal to amplitude modulate an IF carrier with the IF modulator 110.

Video amplitudes may be modified with apparatus similar to the above mentioned examples. Specific apparatus for video baseband envelope modification is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,928,309, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The encoded IF carriers 113 are preferably upconverted from a standard IF frequency and frequency multiplexed in standard television transmitters 114 for distribution to subscriber sites as the common RF signal 68.

The RF frequency slots are typically specified in accordance with industry standards. For example, a typical Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) includes 33 channel slots within a transmission frequency range of 2500-2686 MHz and 21502162 MHz.

The timing reference generator 108 generates the common timing reference signal 109 which is transmitted with the synchronized video signals to provide master timing information for decoding synchronization. This signal is preferably combined with a selected encoded IF carrier 113 to form a data modulated IF carrier 115, by a data modulator 116. The data modulator 116 is placed in a selected channel at the headend but it may alternatively be inserted (indicated by broken line) into a transmitter 117 to be carried by an otherwise unused RF channel 118. The data modulator 116 may alternatively be present on more than one of the video channels prior to the transmitters 114 and selectively enabled at the headend. Authorization data status (described further below) is also preferably combined with the common timing reference signal 109 and transmitted to selectively enable or disable decoding at each subscriber site.

Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of a downconverter/decoder 120 suitable for simultaneous decryption

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at subscriber sites of the common RF signal 68 received from the headend 100 of Figures 3A and 3B. In the block diagram of Figure 4, downconversion electronics 121 are shown essentiallycomprised of an input RF amplifier 122, a mixer 123 and a local oscillator 124. The input RF amplifier 122 amplifies and buffers the common RF signal 68 that was alternatively broadcast or distributed via cable from the transmitters 114 of Figures 3A and 3B. The amplifier 122 feeds a buffered common RF signal 126 to the mixer 123 which downconverts the buffered common RF signal 126 using the local oscillator 124, generating a downconverted common RF signal 126. In a preferred embodiment, the common RF signal 68 is received via a microwave antenna (not shown) and subsequently downconverted via the downconversion electronics 121 as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,440,319 to Joel J. Raymond et al., which is incorporated herein by reference .

From the downconverted common RF signal 126, the common timing reference signal (109 in Figures 3A and 3B) is recovered in a data/timing receiver 127. This receiver 127 also stores a decoding rule which is the inverse of the selected encoding rule used in the encoders 112 of Figures 3A and 3B. Specific structure in the receiver 127 for recovery of the common timing reference signal 109 is primarily dependent upon the type of timing signal selected. Exemplary recovery structures are disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,706,283,- 4,802,214; 4,926,477; and 4,928,309, previously referred to above and

4·^ incorporated herein.

With the common timing reference signal and the decoding rule available (and preferably after confirmation of the authorization data), the data/timing receiver 127 can apply gain control signals 128 to a variable gain amplifier/attenuator 130 which simultaneously modifies the IF carrier envelopes with signal 126 in accordance with the decoding rule to generate decoded channel signals 132. In a preferred embodiment, the variable gain amplifier/attenuator 130 is a single element that operates on a single multichannel television signal derived from the common RF signal 68. It is this ability to operate upon all television channel signals by a single element that is referred to in this application as simultaneous. While a preferred

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ΑΡ ί) ύ υ 8 9 6 embodiment uses a single variable gain amplifier/attenuator 130, other embodiments may use additional variable gain/amplifiers to synchronously operate upon a multichannel signal derived from the common RF signal 68 in an equivalent manner.

Thus, the decoded channels 132 are now simultaneously available and can be distributed throughout the subscriber site for delivery to multiple subscriber receivers without further processing. In addition, once the data/timing receiver 127 preferably confirms the authorization data, all channels will automatically be available for use, i.e., no user interaction, such as selecting a channel for decoding, will be involved. The downconverter/decoder 120 of Figure 4 can be economically integrated to reduce subscriber costs.

The invention is further disclosed by a preferred process embodiment illustrated in Figures 6A-6G. Description of this exemplary embodiment is facilitated by reference to a typical composite television video signal 220, shown in Figure 5, as specified by television industry standards, e.g., National Television Systems Committee (NTSC).

The signal 220 of Figure 5 has picture components

222 alternating with horizontal synchronization components 224 and these components are periodically separated by vertical synchronization components 226 during a vertical synchronization interval. The vertical synchronization components 226 generally include equalizing pulses 230, vertical synchronization pulses 232 and horizontal synchronization pulses 234. As is well known, the horizontal synchronization components 224 and vertical synchronization components 226 enable television receivers to properly synchronize the picture display.

Figure 6A is an enlarged view of the picture components 222 and horizontal synchronization components 224 of a plurality of composite video signals 220A-220N. Each horizontal synchronization component 224 is seen to include a horizontal synchronization pulse 242 and, as in the case of color television, a color burst sine wave 244 (indicated by the sine wave envelope).

In this preferred method, like components of the video signals 220 are first aligned in time coincidence as shown in Figure 6B and their amplitude then modified in accordance

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AP U U U 8 9 6 with a selected encoding rule. To illustrate this amplitude modification, an exemplary encoding rule, having an encoding pattern 250 of Figure 6C, will be used.

The pattern 250 is visually indicated by two lines

251 equally vertically spaced about a centerline 252 in which the vertical spacing between lines 251 indicates gain. Thus, the pattern 250 has segments 253 with a gain 254 interleaved with segments 255 having a decreased gain 256. The encoding pattern 250 is synchronized with the composite video signals

220A-220N of Figure 6B to have gain segments 253 and gain segments 255 time coincident respectively with picture components 222 and horizontal synchronization components 224.

The pattern 250 and the particular time synchronization described above are for illustrative purposes only; any encoding rule and time synchronization may be used that will prevent unauthorized television receivers from properly displaying the video signal.

When the amplitudes of the video signals 220A-22ON are modified in accordance with the encoding pattern 250, a plurality of encoded video signals 260A-260N is produced having picture components 222' and horizontal synchronization components 224' as shown in Figure 6D. Synchronism between one of the gain segments 255 and a corresponding horizontal synchronization component 224 is indicated by the broken lines

266. Thus, in the encoded composite video signals 260A-260N, the horizontal synchronization components 224 are reduced : relative to the other video components.

In Figure 6E, a plurality of video IF (intermediate frequency) carriers 270A-270N have each been amplitude modulated with a different one of the encoded video signals 260A-260N to have amplitude envelopes 271A-271N as shown in broken lines. The modulated video IF carriers thus have portions corresponding to the components of the encoded composite video signals 260 of Figure 6D, e.g., picture portions

272 and horizontal synchronization portions 274 correspond respectively to picture components 222' and horizontal synchronization components 224' .

In the preferred method, upon receipt at a subscriber site, the video IF carriers 270A-270N are

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AP U u v 8 9 6 simultaneously shaped in accordance with the encoding pattern 250. Figure 6F illustrates decoding pattern 278 in which the gains 254, inverted, i.e., segments 255 now have the increased gain 254 5 while segments 253 have the decreased gain 256.

The decoding pattern 278 is synchronized with the modulated video IF carriers 270 of Figure 6E in the same manner as was done with the encoding pattern 250 of Figure 6C and the composite video signals 220 of Figure 6B, i.e., gain segments 10 253 and gain segments 255 are made time coincident respectively with picture portions 272 and horizontal synchronization components 274.

As shown in Figure 6B, when the amplitudes 271A-271N of Figure 6E are modified in accordance with the decoding pattern 278, a plurality of video IF carriers

280A-280N, with amplitude envelopes 281A-281N, are produced each having picture portions 272 and horizontal synchronization portions 274 which conform respectively with the picture components 222 and horizontal synchronization components 224 of

Figure 6B. Synchronism between one of the gain segments 255 and a corresponding horizontal synchronization portion 274' is indicated by the broken lines 288. Thus, all video IF carrier signals have been simultaneously decoded at the subscriber site without any change in frequency allocation and are simultaneously available for use.

) In Figures 6C, 6D and Figures 6F, 6G, the f: .r..

(// synchronism between the inverse decoding rule 280 and video IF portions 272, 274 was specified to be the same as between the encoding rule 250 and corresponding video components 222, 224.

As previously discussed, this synchronism is realized with a common timing reference signal synchronous with the encoding which is then recovered at the subscriber site for synchronizing the decoding of the encoded channel signals. Typical modulation methods for carrying timing reference signals on IF or RF carriers include amplitude modulation, frequency shift keying and phase shift keying. A preferred embodiment employing frequency shift keying is described further below. The common timing reference signal may preferably be inserted in synchronization components, i.e., horizontal or vertical, to

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AP0UV896 avoid disturbing picture information. The common timing reference signal is preferably combined with authorization data which is coded into one or more video IF carrier signals.

In the preferred method embodiment illustrated in

Figures 6A-6G, generation of the video carriers with encoded amplitudes 271A-271N, as shown in Figure 6E, followed the sequence of video signal time alignment, amplitude modification of video signals in accordance with a selected encoding rule and modulation of video IF carriers with the encoded video signals.

It should be apparent, however, that other method embodiments, in accordance with the invention, may employ other equivalent sequences, e.g., the sequence previously described and shown in Figures 3A and 3B.

) Also, the illustrated preferred method embodiment simultaneously decodes modulated IF carriers. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that equivalent method embodiments may include transmission techniques such as the upconversion of each IF carrier to one of a plurality of RF frequency signals followed by frequency multiplexing. The resulting RF frequency signals may then be modified in accordance with the inverse of the selected encoding rule to simultaneously decode the video signals carried therein. Both IF and RF signals may be generically referred to as channel signals.

Although the encryption/decryption process shown in the preferred embodiments has been specifically directed to amplitude modification of analog video signals, the teachings of the invention may generally be extended to encryption/decryption of other forms of video signals, e.g., bit streams resulting from digitization of analog video signals. Also, although horizontal sync suppression has been shown as an encoding method, other encoding methods are also recognized within the scope of the present invention, including vertical sync suppression and horizontal and vertical sync suppression.

In addition, the illustrated preferred method embodiment aligned corresponding video components in time coincidence for simultaneous decryption at subscriber sites but other embodiments of the invention may synchronize (i.e., place

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With reference now to Figure 7, there is shown a diagram of a preferred command transmission structure of the data that is added to a selected television channel for providing synchronization and the authorization data. The basic structure of the authorization data is preferably comprised of twelve data bytes, divided into two data blocks 300 and 302 of six bytes each, corresponding to the two interlaced fields which form a single video frame and a precisely placed reference pulse 304 used to provide timing information for decrypting the common RF signal 68. Additionally, start sequences 306 and 308 are provided to identify the start of each data block. The data bytes are preferably used to identify authorized individuals or groups of authorized subscribers to the otherwise encrypted service. At least one byte is preferably included as a validity check byte 310 for the authorization data. Additionally, the validity check byte 310 may be used to determine valid receive timing synchronization.

In a typical 525 line, 60 Hz television signal, as shown in Figure 8, a video frame is comprised of 525 interlaced horizontal lines of video information divided into two fields at a 30 Hz frame rate. The beginning of each field is signified by vertical sync components 312 and 314, defining a vertical synchronization interval, that cause a vertical retrace during ' which the screen is blanked. Video information need not be present during the. vertical synchronization interval since the screen is blanked. Thus, as shown in Figure 8, a preferred embodiment uses the vertical synchronization interval, defined by vertical sync components 312 and 314 and comprised of multiple horizontal lines, to transmit the authorization data without interfering with the displayable video information. Transmission of the first data block 300, comprised of the first start sequence 306, a first set of data bytes 318, six data bytes in a preferred embodiment, and the reference pulse 304, begins with the time period defined by the first horizontal line 316. While the data transmission protocol is otherwise tolerant to timing variations, the reference pulse 304 is precisely synchronized with a horizontal sync pulse 320 that follows the

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ey tenth horizontal line 322. The transmission period for the first data block 300 is contained within the time period for horizontal lines 1-10, as shown in Figure 8. Similarly, the transmission period of the second data block 302, comprised of 5 the second start sequence 308 and a second set of data bytes 324, six data bytes in a preferred embodiment, is contained within horizontal lines 263-272.

Using means discussed below, data is modulated onto a selected television channel during the previously 10 described vertical synchronization interval. As shown in

Figures 7, 8 and 9, this data is defined as a combination of bits comprised of marks, i.e., ls or highs, and spaces,

i.e., 0s or lows. However, outside of these prescribed periods, data values are undefined and potentially susceptible 15 to erroneous detection as marks or spaces. To avoid these errors, the start sequences 306 and 308 are used in combination with the validity check byte 310 to define detection periods corresponding to horizontal lines 1-10 and 263-272. The start sequences 306, 308 are each defined by a series of unique data 20 bits, all ls in a preferred embodiment. Each data byte within the first and second sets of data bytes, respectively 318 and 324, are preferably transmitted as 8-bit characters according to a conventional 11-bit asynchronous protocol, as shown in Figure 9, with one low start bit 325 and two high stop bits 326 per 25 character. As is common with asynchronous character transmission protocols, the time each character is transmitted is not precisely fixed in time. However, a transmission rate is chosen that permits the transmission of an 11-bit start sequence 306, six 11-bit characters 318 and still provide sufficient time 30 to precisely place the reference pulse 304 in synchronization with the horizontal sync pulse 320 following the tenth horizontal line 322. In a preferred embodiment, a bit rate of 140,625 bps is used. While, the reference pulse 304 is described here in reference to a particular video signal, e.g., 35 220B, it should be recognized that since all of the video signals 220A-220N are synchronized by frame synchronizers 104, the reference pulse 304 will be precisely synchronized to the horizontal sync pulse following the tenth line for all of the video signals.

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With reference to Figures 10 and 11, there is

shown the interrelationships of the video information and the authorization data for a television signal which uses 625 lines at a 25 Hz frame rate to represent each video frame. In such a television signal, as shown in Figure 10, a first data block 327 is placed within horizontal lines 624 and 9 and a second data block 328 is placed within horizontal lines 311 and 320. The reference pulse 330 is precisely placed in synchronization with the horizontal sync pulse following the eighth line 332.

In a preferred embodiment, the television channel selected for transmitting the authorization data is fixed, e.g., always set to a predetermined channel N. However, the downconverter/decoder 120 is preferably configured to scan channels within its frequency range to identify the channel containing the authorization data. Alternate embodiments may alter the data channel selection according to a predetermined algorithm, e.g., a different channel for each time period, a first data channel identifies a next data channel, etc. As discussed in reference to Figures 3A and 3B, the common timing reference signal 109 can alternatively be coupled to any one or all of a plurality of data modulators 116. A select signal (not shown) can optionally enable a particular data modulator 116 to add the common timing reference signal 109 to a selected channel.

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With reference now to Figure 12, there is shown an expanded block diagram of a portion of the encryption processing of video channel N, as shown in Figure 3B, showing the interface of the encoder 112N and the IF modulator 110N to the data modulator 116. In a preferred embodiment, the encoder 112N applies a selected encoding rule, e.g., removing the horizontal and vertical synchronizing components 224, 226 from a time synchronized video signal 106N, to disable subscribers without authorized decoders from receiving a video channel. An encrypted video signal 334 is then modulated by the IF modulator

110N, generating the encoded IF carrier 113N. In a preferred embodiment, the encoded IF carrier 113N from the IF modulator llON is modulated by the data modulator 116 during the time period corresponding to the vertical synchronizing component

226, i.e., the vertical synchronization interval, in response to

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AP U υ υ 8 9 6 the common timing reference signal 109 and sent via the data modulated IF carrier 115 to the transmitter 100N. As described above, the data modulator 116 is only present on a selected channel 1-N in a preferred embodiment. In another embodiment, the data modulator 116 may be present for all N channels but may be enabled only for the selected channel or alternatively for a plurality of channels. Alternatively, a single data modulator 116 may be switched to the selected channel.

The timing reference generator 108, under control 10 of a microcontroller 340, generates the common timing reference signal 109 in synchronism with a clock 342 received from the crystal controlled video reference 105. As previously discussed, the common timing reference signal 109 additionally preferably comprises the authorization data for specifying authorized subscribers. Authorization information is maintained in a system controller (not shown) and communicated via signal path 344 to the microcontroller 340 where it is formatted as the authorization data onto the common timing reference signal 109. In a preferred embodiment, the common timing reference signal

109 contains three data states corresponding to no data, a mark and a space, thus causing the data modulator 116 to alter the encrypted IF signal 113 on receipt of a mark or space but leave the encrypted IF signal 113 unaltered when receiving a third, no data, state signal. Alternatively, the crystal controlled video * _ 25 reference 105 delivers a sync signal 346 to the data modulator ί*'.»

116 to enable data modulation only during the vertical •ΐϊ synchronization interval.

In a preferred embodiment, the data modulator 116 uses FSK (frequency shift keying) to modulate the encoded IF carrier 113 of a selected MMDS channel with the authorization data and the reference pulse 304 during the vertical synchronization interval. The encoded IF carrier 113, as input to the data modulator 116, is either separate video and separate audio modulated IF carriers, or the combined video and audio modulated carriers. In addition, the data modulator 116 receives the common timing reference signal 109, comprised of the reference pulse 3 04 and the authorization data comprised of sets of data bytes 318 and 324 used to authorize or deauthorize each subscriber. The outputs of the data modulator 116 are the

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ΑΡ«νυβίβ audio and video carriers, FM modulated with the sets of data bytes 318 and 324 and the reference pulse 304 during the vertical synchronization interval.

The preferred data modulator 116 is characterized by: 1) the difference between the output frequencies of the modulated carriers are the same as their respective input carrier frequencies, 2) the system should not add noise or distortion to the modulated carriers, and 3) the audio and video carriers should match in deviation and phase. Since the audio carrier is typically produced as a beat frequency between the audio and video IF carriers, if the audio and video IF carriers do not match in phase and maintain the frequency difference of the original carriers, an unwanted hum could be produced.

| With reference now to Figure 13, there is shown a top level block diagram of an up/down converter embodiment 348 of the data modulator 116. In this embodiment, the encoded IF carrier 113 is comprised of a separate video IF carrier 350 and audio IF carrier 352. In an exemplary embodiment, the video IF carrier 350 and the audio IF carrier 352 are typically at 45.75

MHz and 41.25 MHz, respectively, and are nominally separated in frequency by 4.5 MHz. The reference IF carrier 353, generated by the up/down converter 348, is comprised of a separate video carrier+data signal 354 and audio carrier+data signal 356, both » of which are uniformly FSK modulated in response to the common timing reference signal 109. In a preferred embodiment, the data responsive frequency deviation for the carriers 350 and 352 is ±25 KHz.

In Figure 14, a detailed block diagram of a preferred up/down converter 348 is shown. The up/down converter

348 consists of a two pairs of mixers 358, 360 and 362, 364, one pair for each carrier, i.e., video 350 and audio 352, under control of a common pair of local oscillators. First and second oscillators 366 and 368 are VCOs (voltage-controlled oscillators) phase locked to a common crystal oscillator 370.

The first oscillator 366 functions as a local oscillator (LO)

372 to mix each carrier up to an intermediate frequency and the second oscillator 368 functions as a second local oscillator 374 to mix the signal back down to its original IF frequency. In the process of downconversion, the second local oscillator 374

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APu υ υ 8 9 6 is frequency modulated with the data from the common timing reference signal 109. Since the second local oscillator 374 changes frequency in response to the common timing reference signal 109, the downconverted carriers 354 and 356 also change frequency and additionally contain FSK data providing synchronization and the authorization data.

The second local oscillator 374 used for the second downconversion is frequency modulated as follows. The phase locked loop of the VCO 368 is used in the second downconversion. The common timing reference signal 109 is summed onto a control line 376 of this VCO 368. Since the modulated VCO 368 is used as the local oscillator 374 for the downconversion, the RF carriers 354 and 356 are also modulated and thus contain the FSK data.

In Figure 14, the audio and video carriers are separate and thus, this same process is performed in parallel on both the video and audio carriers 350 and 352 using the same two local oscillators 372 and 374. Signals from each oscillator 372, 374 are split and respectively sent to two mixers 358, 362 and 360, 364. The audio carrier 352 is upconverted using the first local oscillator 372 and then downconverted to the original IF frequency using the FM modulated second local oscillator 374. Since the same frequency modulated local oscillator 374 is used in the downconversion of the audio and video carriers, the frequency deviation of both carriers will be essentially identical.

I With reference now to Figure 15, there is shown a preferred embodiment of a decoder portion 400 of the downconverter/decoder 120, as described in reference to Figure

4. As previously described, the decoder portion 400 receives the downconverted common RF signal 126, recovers the common timing reference signal 109 contained within using the data/timing receiver 127, and in response generates gain control signals 128 to instruct the gain amplifier/attenuator 130 to operate upon the downconverted common RF signal 126 according to the inverse of the selected encoding rule, e.g., reinserting horizontal and vertical components, to generate the decoded channels signal 132. The decoded channels signal 132 can be distributed to one or more standard television receivers which

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AP U υ υ 8 9 6 can independently receive one or more decoded television channels .

The data/timing receiver 127 is preferably comprised of a superheterodyne dual conversion FSK data receiver

402 under control of a controller 404. The controller 404, receives a decoded data output signal 406 from the data receiver 402 and generates frequency control signals to phase lock the data receiver 402 to the decoded data output signal 406. Additionally, the data/timing/receiver 127 preferably comprises an input attenuator 408 that accepts the downconverted common RF signal 126 and, under control of the controller 404, generates a common attenuated signal 410 to the data receiver 402 and the gain amplifier/attenuator 130. The controller 404 additionally receives a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) 412 from the 15 data receiver 402 and responsively generates an attenuation control signal 414 to the input attenuator 408. The controller additionally generates gain control signals 128 to the gain amplifier/attenuator 130 comprised of a blanking control line 416 and a sync control line 418. These control lines are used for reinserting the vertical and horizontal sync signals, respectively, into the common attenuated signal 410 derived from the downconverted common RF signal 126.

The data receiver's 402 principal purpose is to retrieve the common timing reference signal 109 from a selected channel within the common attenuated signal 410 and to deliver the common timing reference signal 109 as the decoded data ^! output signal 406, representative of the authorization data and the precisely timed reference pulse 304. The data receiver 402 is comprised of a first IF 420, a second IF 422 and a data detector 424. The first IF 420, receives the common attenuated signal 410, typically having a frequency range of 222 to 408 MHz corresponding to CATV channels 24 to 54, and downconverts the selected channel to a fixed frequency first IF output signal 426. The second IF 422 then further downconverts the first IF output signal 426 to a fixed frequency second IF output signal

428. The second IF output signal 428 is input to the data detector 424 which extracts the decoded data output signal 406 and the receive signal strength indicator 412. The channel selection is determined by the controller 404 by scanning the

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ΑΡθυυβ9β available channels for data. To scan the available channels, the controller 404 generates a channel select signal 430 to the first IF 420 which determines the amount of frequency downconversion required for the common attenuated signal 410.

The channel select signal 430 is iteratively altered until data is successfully received. Additionally, the controller 404 generates a second IF frequency select signal 432 to the second IF 422. In a preferred embodiment, the operating frequencies of the first IF 420 and the second IF 422, as determined by the channel select 430 and second IF frequency select 432 signals are adjusted by the controller 404 in response to the decoded data output signal. 406, thus phase locking the data receiver 402 to the data contained within, i.e., the common timing reference signal 109.

Figure 16 shows a detailed block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the decoder 400 of Figure 15, comprised of the first IF 420, the second IF 422 and the data detector 424, that sends data to the controller 404 that in turn controls the gain amplifier/attenuator 130, comprised of two switchable

RF attenuators, to re-insert sync and blanking signals directly on cable television frequencies. In a preferred embodiment, video channels contained within the downconverted common RF signal 126 do not contain horizontal or vertical sync pulses.

In addition, the horizontal blanking level corresponding to each channel within the common RF signal 68 is preferably attenuated to prevent detection circuitry of some television receivers from '1/ using the blanking signal as a false sync reference. During the vertical synchronization interval, the blanking level is not attenuated by the encryption. The decoder 400 performs the inverse of the selected encoding rule to restore the sync and blank signals to proper levels using a pair of two level RF attenuators, a blanking switch 434 and a sync switch 436. An amplifier 438 isolates the blanking and sync switches 434, 436 to prevent signal interactions. The amplifier 438 is preferably a linear amplifier capable of handling multiple high level carriers with low distortion. A pad 440 helps to isolate the sync switch 436 from poor external impedance matching.

The input attenuator 408 is activated when the downconverted common RF signal 126 reaches a certain level.

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AP υ u u 8 9 6

This prevents distortion of both the gain amplifier/attenuator 130 and the data/timing receiver 127. The receive signal strength indicator 412, generated by the data detector 424, provides information for the controller 404 to determine at what level to switch in the input attenuator 408 via the attenuator control signal 414.

A resistive splitter 442 provides a signal to both the gain amplifier/attenuator 130 and the first IF 420. The resistive splitter 442 also helps to isolate and prevent interaction with the input attenuator 408.

The data receiver front end includes a high isolation amplifier 444 to isolate a first local oscillator 446. A pad 448 at the input of the amplifier 444 prevents distortion of the amplifier 444 from the multiple carriers within the downconverted common RF signal 126. A pad 450 at the output of the amplifier 444 provides an easy broadband match to the input of a first mixer 452 and also prevents distortion. Both attenuators 448 and 450 also help isolate the first local oscillator 446.

The first mixer 452 and the first local oscillator

446 combination provide a programmable local oscillator frequency range. The data carrier can be any of the video carriers in this band. The IF frequency is preferably chosen to avoid mixing of carriers within the frequency range.

♦ 'A frequency synthesizer 454 keeps the first local oscillator 446 in phase lock while receiving a reference frequency from the controller 404. The frequency synthesizer 454 is preferably capable of tuning the first local oscillator 446 using the channel select signal 430 from the controller 404.

In a preferred embodiment, the controller 404 iteratively tunes the first local oscillator 446 until data is successfully received. Alternatively, the controller 404 is preset to a value for tuning the first local oscillator 446. A pad 455 follows the first mixer 452 to prevent overloading a second mixer 456 as well as to provide a good input termination for an image filter 458.

The second IF 422 is chosen to produce and demodulate an IF frequency, e.g., 10.7 MHz, for which ceramic bandpass filters are readily available. A second frequency

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ΑΡ υ ϋ υ β 9 6 synthesizer 460, identical to the first frequency synthesizer 454, is used to phase lock a second local oscillator 462. A first ceramic filter 464 follows the second mixer 456 and sets the demodulation bandwidth.

An IF amp 466 follows the first ceramic filter 464 and helps to limit the signal. A second ceramic filter 468 follows the IF amp 466 for additional band shaping. A gain limiter amplifier 470 follows the second ceramic filter 468 for hard limiting. A quadrature detector 472 follows the limiter amplifier 470 and demodulates the FSK data. The input signal preferably deviates ±25 KHz and has a data rate of 140,625 bits per second. Demodulated data from the quadrature detector 472 enters a data slicer 474 where uncertain data edges are cleaned up, made absolute and fed to the controller 404 as the data output signal 406.

In order to perform the inverse of the selected encoding rule, e.g., to insert the sync and blanking signals, at precisely the correct position in time, the controller 404 is phase locked to the time reference provided from the synchronized signals at the headend. This time reference, originally generated from the common timing reference signal 109 at the headend, becomes available to the controller 404 as part of the demodulated data signal 406. In this exemplary embodiment, the controller 404 performs the inverse of the selected encoding rule with a sync and blank generator that locks itself to the edge of a received reference pulse to avoid sync drift. In a preferred embodiment, this locking is accomplished by altering the clock frequency of the controller 404. In Figure 15, it is shown that the controller 404 is comprised of a processor 476, preferably a microcontroller, executing software at a rate controlled by a voltage controlled crystal oscillator 478. The processor 476 sends a feedback signal 480 to a digital to analog converter 482 which drives the voltage controlled crystal oscillator 478 and effectively changes the clock frequency and thus the execution speed of the processor 476. By responsively altering the execution speed of the processor 476 in response to the decoded data output signal

406, the channel select 430 and the second IF frequency select

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AP 0 ο ο 8 9 6 signals 432 are thus responsively altered, phase locking the data receiver 402 to the decoded data signal 406.

As discussed in reference to the data modulator 116, data is only sent during prescribed periods, the vertical synchronization intervals. The controller 404, under software control, recognizes the reference pulse 304, and a combination of the first start sequence 306, the second start sequence 308 and the validity check byte 310, to ensure that the controller 404 is synchronized with the common timing reference signal 109.

When an error is encountered, the controller 404 alters its clock frequency and/or the time window during which it looks for the data blocks 300 and 302.

From the foregoing it should now be recognized /¼ that encrypt ion/decrypt ion method and apparatus embodiments have been disclosed herein which make a plurality of distributed television channels simultaneously and automatically available to authorized subscribers. Additionally, a single channel system using the disclosed modulation and demodulation methods is also considered within the scope of the present invention.

The previously disclosed invention can advantageously simultaneously decode a block of television channel signals. However, providers may still desire to block the reception of premium channels, e.g., HBO, thus restricting subscribers to service tiers, e.g., 1) basic, 2) basic plus expanded, 3) basic plus expanded plus selected premium channels, 3 etc. To accomplish this task, the present invention uses an kJ interdiction device to selectively scramble television channel signals from within the block of locally decrypted channel signals .

Figure 17 shows the use of a preferred interdiction device 510 which selectively jams a multichannel television (TV) channel signal 512, an unencrypted signal, from a typical prior art television distribution system (not shown) to generate a signal 514 to provided subscribers with a plurality of unencrypted television channel signals as well as a plurality of selectively encrypted/jammed channel signals.

While such a system can be used in various environments, e.g., over-the-air and conventional cable subscriber systems, it is particularly useful in combination with the previously disclosed 'i’/dv

AP0U0896 decoder 400. In embodiments of the present invention, the interdiction device 510 is programmable and capable of selectively scrambling a plurality of television channels throughout the range of otherwise unencrypted television channels from signal 512.

Figure 18 shows a block diagram of the preferred interdiction device 510. Embodiments of the present invention are based upon the recognition that television channels are allocated separate frequency slots, separated by fixed amounts, e.g., 6 or 8 MHz. If a jamming signal is properly isolated to a fixed channel, only that channel is disrupted/jammed without significantly effecting even adjacent channels. The preferred interdiction device 510 primarily comprises: 1) a frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 (a jamming signal generator) for generating a jamming signal, e.g., an FM-modulated sine wave, 2) a controller 518 for directing the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 to generate a jamming signal 520 for a selected television channel, 3) a mute switch 522 under control of the controller 518 for only enabling the output of the jamming signal 520 when the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 has locked to a predetermined jamming frequency for each selected channel, and 4) a summer 524 for combining the multichannel television channel signal 512 and the generated jamming signal 520 passed by the mute switch 522.

The controller 518 contains a channel interdiction table 526, which corresponds to-the preselected channels that are to be jammed. Each of these channels correspond to specific frequencies for each geographical area, e.g., USA, Europe, etc., and to particular transmission standards, e.g., NTSC or PAL.

(See, e.g., Table I below depicting frequency assignments for a VHF System M (6 MHz) USA.) A second table (not shown) within the controller 518 is preferably used to convert each channel designation to its corresponding frequency. Alternatively, table 526 may directly contain frequency designations corresponding to the selected channels. The table 526 may alternatively be preloaded, e.g., stored in nonvolatile memory, or may be loaded via communication between the controller 518 and some external device, e.g., via a communication interface 527. Alternatively, as described further below, the multichannel television signal 512 can contain authorization

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AP U 0 U β 9 6 data via the communication interface which can be decoded to instruct identified controllers 518 to add or delete entries from its channel interdiction tables 526.

// // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // // //

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Chann·)

VHF Syrtam M (6MHi) USA afiAiS&Sii

A-6 95

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66.26 A6K2&&

69.76

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71.75

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54-60

66-72

79.26 rfflfajBA.

91.25 *322^

103.25 >£ιό&έ£&

116.26

83.76 atsaa.ML

95.75

107.76 fitiaajii

119.76

76-82 atfiiaaad

90-96

102-108

114-120 a12&L2S«

131.76

126-132

138-144

H 21

163.26

155.75

167.76

150-156

162-168

JIAZkAie

175.25

179.76

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11

187.25 siiaaiai

191.76

174-180

186-192

199.26

198-204

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TABLE I

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ΑΡ υ υ υ 8 9 6

The controller 518 commands the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 via a control interface 528 comprised of a frequency select bus 530 (used to select the desired jamming frequency corresponding to a selected channel) and a lock signal

532 (used to provide a feedback status signal). The frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 takes a discrete, i.e., a nonzero, amount of time (a function of the design of the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516) to lock to the desired jamming frequency. Once the desired jamming frequency is achieved, the jamming frequency is preferably maintained for a period of time before a next jamming frequency is selected. The lock signal 532 is then generated by the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 which can be used to notify the controller 518 that the desired jamming frequency has been achieved. Preferably, the lock signal 528 is generated by a frequency comparator within the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 which compares the jamming signal 520 to the frequency commanded by the controller 518. Once the controller 518 has been informed that a lock has been achieved, the mute switch 522 is commanded via a mute control signal 534 to permit the jamming signal 520 to be passed via signal 536 and summed by the summer 524 with the multichannel television channel signal 512, thus generating the selectively scrambled multichannel television signal 514. This process is repeated for each of the frequencies/channels specified in the table 526.

Figure 19 is a simplified block diagram that summarizes the previously described process. In block 538, the controller 518 selects the next frequency from the channel interdiction table 526. After waiting during block 540 for the frequency synthesizer/VCO to reach the selected frequency, the controller 518 in block 542 instructs the mute switch 522 via the mute control signal 534 to commence jamming the selected television channel. In block 540, the controller alternatively waits a predetermined time period or waits for the lock signal 532 to be returned from the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516. In a preferred implementation, there is no timing relationship required between the timing of the selected television channel and the jamming signal. Consequently, the output of the mute switch 522 must be maintained during block 544 for a sufficient time period, e.g., at least one frame period, to adequately jam

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the selected television channel. At the end of the time period defined in block 544, the controller in block 546 enables the mute switch 522 via the mute control signal 534 (if the next channel to be interdicted is not adjacent to the current channel). The process then cyclically repeats, starting at block 538, with the next entry in the channel interdiction table 526.

As should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, there are two time periods involved in this cyclical process, a first time period related to the lock time in block 540 and a second time period defined by the predefined time period in block 544. Accordingly, there is a maximum cycle rate (for a particular implementation), that this process can be repeated. This cycle rate determines the maximum number of channels (five in an exemplary embodiment) that can continuously (as viewed by a subscriber) be interdicted. Accordingly, in an alternative embodiment, a plurality of frequency synthesizer/VCOs 516 are multiplexed such that one can be approaching its jamming frequency (in block 540) while another is dwelling at its jamming frequency (in block 544) .

Consequently, the number of interdicted channels can be increased.

Figure 18 additionally shows the basic structure of the preferred frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 which is primarily comprised of 1) a video frequency synthesizer 548, 2) an audio frequency synthesizer 550, 3) a summer 552, and 4) a VCO 554 (voltage-controlled oscillator). In an exemplary embodiment, the video frequency synthesizer 548, e.g., a National LMX1511A or Fujitsu MB15A02, is commanded to select a particular frequency, e.g., the base video carrier frequency of the television channel offset by a jam frequency, e.g., a frequency approximately half way through the television channel or approximately 3 MHz, via the three wire bus 53 0 comprised of clock, data, and enable signals (an interface particularly wellsuited for sharing with additional frequency synthesizers). The frequency synthesizer 548 generates an analog video VCO control signal 556 that commands the VCO 554 to generate the desired frequency. A feedback signal 558 is returned to the frequency synthesizer 548 where it is compared in frequency with the

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APtf ϋV 8 96 frequency commanded by the controller 518. When a match is achieved the lock signal 532 results and this status signal is communicated to the controller 518.

With reference to Table I, there is shown a table 5 of the relevant frequencies for a VHF system M in the USA having

MHz slots allocated for each television channel. Ideally, the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 would be tunable to the entire potential frequency range, e.g., 40-860 MHz, or more. Practically, this goal may not be easily achievable. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 is tunable between 260-422 MHz, corresponding to television channels 31-55.

Let's say that an exemplary system was instructed to jam/interdict channels 44 and 50. Channel 44 has a video carrier of 343.25 MHz with the preferred jamming frequency at

346.25 MHz (343.25 MHz plus a preferred offset of 3 MHz). Similarly, the preferred jamming frequency of channel 50 is at

382.25 MHz (379.25 MHz plus a preferred offset of 3 MHz). Thus, by repetitively switching/dwelling between jamming frequencies of 346.25 and 382.25 MHz, channels 44 and 50 can be jammed while leaving the remaining channels unaffected.

As described so far, the jamming signal will adequately disrupt only the video portion of the selected television channel. Therefore, a preferred embodiment /» additionally comprises the audio frequency synthesizer 550, which in an exemplary embodiment divides a frequency output 560 of the frequency synthesizer 548 to generate a digital audio VCO control signal 562. The analog video VCO control signal 556 and the digital audio VCO control signal 562 are summed by summer

552 to generate a VCO control signal 564 which controls the VCO 554 to generate a frequency-modulated jamming signal that will jam both the video and audio portions of the selected television channel.

Figure 20 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprised of the multichannel interdiction device 510 combined with the previously disclosed decoder 400.

While the prior decoder 400 disclosed significant improvements over the prior art by permitting a single apparatus to simultaneously decrypt all or none of the transmitted channels

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APUUU896

according to transmitted authorization data, it did not permit the provider to restrict access to selected channels. With the present decoder/interdiction device combination 566, the microcontroller 518 receives authorization data from a data receiver 568 via its data output 570 that has been inserted at the headend to identify authorized subscribers (preferably identified with a predefined subscriber or box code in the microcontroller 518). In this preferred embodiment, the same microcontroller 518 that controls the common decrypting of a commonly encrypted input source 572, loads the channel interdiction table 516 according to the authorization data, e.g., according to tiers. The data in the interdiction table 516 is then used to control the operation of the frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 and the mute switch 522 using the control interface 528 and mute control signal 534 according to the previously described algorithm. This improved combination now permits the simultaneous reception of multiple unencrypted signals (suitable for picture-in-picture use) while still permitting the provider to withhold access to selected channels.

In order to adequately jam selected channels, it is preferable that a standardized jamming amplitude ratio be achieved between the jamming signal at the mute switch output 536 and the multichannel television channel signal 512. Without this standardization, undesirable results could occur. For example in a first mode, one might attempt to pirate a jammed television signal by amplifying the common scrambled input source 572 to overcome the jamming signal. However, if a standardized jamming amplitude ratio is maintained, the input source 572 would automatically be attenuated and this pirating attempt would fail. Conversely in a second mode, if an abnormally small input source 572 should be present, a proportionally large jamming signal could tend to spill over and effect adjacent channels. However, if the input source 572 is amplified, this undesirable effect would be minimized.

To avoid these undesirable results, a receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) 574 from the data receiver 568, indicative of the amplitude of the commonly scrambled input source 572 is used to control an AGC amplifier 576 to standardize the amplitude of a common attenuated signal 578

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AP 0 0 0 8 9 6 operated on within the decoder 400. By keeping the amplitude of the jamming signal fixed and continuously varying the common attenuated signal 578, a standardized jamming amplitude ratio can be achieved. Alternatively, an AGC amplifier could be used to control the amplitude of the jamming frequency.

As previously described, authorization data is generally sent on a predetermined authorization data channel. However, in some embodiments, the predetermined channel can be varied to further limit pirating. As shown below in Table II, a preferred channel interdiction table can be structured to take advantage of these embodiments. In this N-value interdiction table, a first entry for each channel corresponds to a delta frequency from the authorization data channel frequency and a second entry specifies whether this channel is to be interdicted. To attempt to defeat jamming, a pirate would need to know at least the present authorization data channel, any scheme for varying the authorization data channel, and the data within the interdiction table. Thus, pirating is further complicated.

	ENTRY	OFFSET FROM DATA FREQUENCY CHANNEL	INTERDICT Y/N
25	1	AF,	Y/N
	2	af₂	Y/N .
	3	af₃	Y/N
30	•	•	•
	N	af_n	Y/N

TABLE II

Additional improvements can be provided with this combination. As previously disclosed, the present decoder / interdiction device 566 can simultaneously decode all of the transmitted channels by reversing the encoding process done to a plurality of synchronized channels. Typically, this encoding is done by first synchronizing a plurality of video inputs at the headend and then suppressing the horizontal and vertical sync signal of the synchronized video inputs. Consequently, once the microcontroller determines the proper timing, a blanking control

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AP000896 line 584 and sync control line 586 can simultaneously decode all of the received channels to generate the multichannel television channel signal 512, the input signal to the interdiction device 510. Since, there is a well-known temporal/timing relationship between the horizontal and vertical sync signals, the present invention can take advantage of this relationship to optimize its temporal placement of the jamming signal 520 within each channel frequency range. Therefore, in this embodiment the predefined period of block 544 is preferably defined by this known timing relationship; permitting the single frequency synthesizer/VCO 516 to jam a larger number of television channels.

βτ_:.

The preferred embodiments of the invention described herein are exemplary and numerous modifications and rearrangements can be readily envisioned to achieve an equivalent result, all of which are intended to be embraced within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the present invention can also be used with an unscrambled over-theair system, e.g., a microwave signal after a downconverter that provides an unscrambled multichannel television signal.

Additionally, the interdiction/jamming step can precede the simultaneous decrypting step with similar results.

Claims

1. Subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference signal within said band synchronously related to said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encoded in accordance with a common encoding rule, said subscriber site apparatus comprising:

a data receiver responsive to at least one of said channel signals for recovering said common timing reference signal; and a single broadband apparatus operable over said RF band and responsive to said recovered common timing reference signal for simultaneously decoding all of said channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to provide multiple decoded channel signals suitable for direct simultaneous application to a conventional television receiver.

2. Subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference Signal within said band and synchronous with said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encrypted in accordance with a common encoding rule, said subscriber site apparatus comprising:

AP/i'v 9 8/ 0 1 1 β 1

ΑΡΰ 0 0 896 a timing recovery circuit responsive to said common timing reference signal for generating at least one sync signal;

a single decoder responsive to said common sync signal for simultaneously decrypting all of said channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate multiple decrypted channel signals, each capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image; and an interdiction apparatus for periodically inserting a jamming signal into at least one of said multiple decrypted channel signals to render it incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

3. A method of selectively scrambling television channels from an encrypted multichannel television signal at a subscriber site, comprising the steps of:

AP/P/9 8/0 1 181 simultaneously decrypting said encrypted multichannel television signal to form a decrypted multichannel television signal;

determining an interfering frequency for a selected television channel signal according to an interdiction table containing data related to a plurality of channel signals selected to be scrambled;

AP U υ υ 8 9 6 commanding a frequency generator to generate an output of said interfering frequency; waiting until said frequency generator has locked to said interfering frequency:

enabling combining of said output of said frequency generator with said decrypted multichannel television signal;

dwelling for a predetermined time period to scramble said selected television channel signal;

disabling combining of said output of said frequency generator from said decrypted multichannel television signal; and cyclically repeating said previously recited steps for a next selected television channel signal.

CD

OD

4. Subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference signal within said band and synchronous with said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encrypted in accordance with a common encoding rule, said subscriber site apparatus comprising:

an interdiction apparatus for periodically inserting a jamming signal into said RF band to generate an interdicted RF signal;

ΑίΡ ϋ υ υ 8 9 6 a timing recovery circuit, responsive to said common timing reference signal for generating at least one sync signal; and a single decoder responsive to said sync signal and said interdicted RF signal to simultaneously decrypt multiple channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate a recovered multichannel signal comprising multiple decrypted channel signals capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

5. A method of distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, said method comprising the steps of:

generating at said headend multiple carrier signals;

modulating at said headend each of said carrier signals vith a different one of said video signals to form multiple channel signals, all of said channel signals having their respective video signal synchronization components in time coincidence;

generating a common timing reference signal synchronous with said time coincident · synchronization components;

Ail· v v u 8 9 6 causing each of said channel signals to be encrypted at said headend in accordance with a common predetermined encoding rule;

modulating a selected encrypted channel signal in response to said common timing reference signal;

distributing said multiple encrypted channel signals from said headend to said subscriber sites as a common RF signal;

&

responding at each subscriber site to said common timing reference signal to simultaneously decrypt all of the channel signals distributed thereto by operating upon said common RF signal with a single decoder in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate multiple decrypted channel signals, each capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an , intelligible image; and periodically inserting at each subscriber site a jamming signal into at least one of said multiple decrypted channel signals to render it incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

6. A method of distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, said method comprising the steps of:

I · l· I· 0 / 8 6 '/dV

AP v υ u 8 9 6 generating at said headend multiple carrier signals;

modulating at said headend each of said carrier signals with a different one of said video signals to form multiple channel signals, all of said channel signals having their respective video signal synchronization components in time coincidence;

generating a common timing reference signal synchronous with said time coincident synchronization components;

causing each of said channel signals to be encrypted at said headend in accordance with a common predetermined encoding rule;

periodically inserting a jamming signal at each subscriber site corresponding to at least one encrypted channel signal into said common RF signal to generate an interdicted RF signal; and

AP/P/ 98/01161

AP U u u 8 9 6 responding at each subscriber site to said common timing reference signal and sai-d interdicted RF signal to simultaneously decrypt multiple channel signals distributed thereto with a single decoder in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate multiple decrypted channel signals capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

7. Apparatus for distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, the apparatus comprising:

a plurality of modulators at said headend for generating multiple carrier signals;

a plurality of frame synchronizers at said headend for modulating each of said carrier signals with a different one of said video signals to form multiple channel signals, all of said channel signals having their respective video signal synchronization components in time coinc'idence;

a timing reference generator at said headend for generating a common timing reference signal synchronously related to said time coincident synchronization components;

AP/F/ 98/01181

Apoooete a plurality of encoders at said headend for causing each of said channels signals -to be encoded in accordance with a common predetermined encoding rule;

data insertion circuitry at said headend for combining said common timing reference signal with a selected encoded channel signal;

means for distributing said multiple encoded channels signals from said headend to said subscriber sites as a common RF signal;

a data receiver at each subscriber site φ responsive to at least one of said channel ▼— signals for recovering said common timing reference signal; and ·- ϊ· Vi?

a single broadband apparatus at each subscriber site to respond to said recovered common timing reference signal to simultaneously decode all of the channel signals distributed thereto by operating upon said common RF signal in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to provide a multichannel signal comprising multiple decoded channel signals suitable for direct simultaneous application to a conventional television receiver.

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8. Apparatus ’for distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, the apparatus comprising:

a plurality of frame synchronizers at said headend for modulating each of said carrier signals with a different one of said video signals to form multiple channel signals, all of said channel signals having their respective video signal synchronization components in time coincidence;

a timing reference generator at said headend for generating a common timing reference signal synchronous with said time coincident synchronization components;

a plurality af encoders at said headend for causing each of said channels signals to be encrypted in accordance with a common predetermined encoding rule;

a data modulator at said headend to data ' modulate a selected encoded channel signal in response to said common timing reference signal;

AP/P/ »8/01161 means for distributing said multiple encrypted channels signals from said headend to said subscriber sites as a common RF signal;

an interdiction apparatus at each subscriber site for periodically inserting a jamming signal into said recovered signal to generate an interdicted signal;

ΑΡ υ- - 8 9 6 a timing recovery circuit at each subscriber site responsive to said common timing reference signal for generating at least one sync signal; and a single decoder responsive to said sync signal and said interdicted RF signal to simultaneously decrypt said interdicted signal in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to generate a recovered mnultichannel signal comprising multiple decrypted channel signals capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an QD intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an ...

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Apparatus for distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, the apparatus comprising:

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APO 0 0 8 9 6 a timing reference generator at said headend for generating a common timing reference signal synchchronously related to said time coincident synchronization components; ' a plurality of encoders at said headend for causing each of said channels signals to be encoded in accordance with a common predetermined encoding rule;

an interdiction apparatus at each subscriber site for periodically inserting a jamming signal into said common RF signal to provide an interdicted RF signal;

a data receiver at each subscriber site responsive to at least one of said channel signals for recovering said common timing reference signal; and a single broadband apparatus responsive to said recovered common timing reference signal and said interdicted RF signal to simultaneously decode said interdicted RF signal in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to

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AP 0 ύ ύ β 9 6 provide a multichannel signal comprising multiple decoded channel signals each .capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

Subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference signal within said band synchronously related to said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encoded in accordance with a common encoding rule, said subscriber site apparatus comprising;

a data receiver responsive to at least one of said channel signals for recovering said common timing reference signal;

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a single broadband apparatus operable over said RF band, and responsive to said recovered common timing reference signal for simultaneously decoding all of said channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to provide multiple decoded channel signals, each capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image; and an interdiction apparatus for periodically inserting a jamming signal into at least one of said multiple decoded channel signals .to render it incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

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11. In a system for distributing from a system headend

1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and

2) a common timing reference signal within said band synchronously related to said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encoded in accordance with a common encoding rule, a method for periodically inserting a jamming signal into at least one of said channel signals at a subscriber site to render it incapable of directly causing a television receiver to produce an intelligible image, said method comprising the steps of :

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Λ ··>. ... -¹*· simultaneously decoding said multiple encoded channel signals using said common timing reference signal to form multiple decoded channel signals;

determining an interfering frequency for a selected channel signal;

commanding a frequency generator to generate an output of said interfering frequency; and combining said output of said frequency generator with said multiple decoded channel signals .

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12. Subscriber site apparatus useful in a system for distributing from a system headend 1) multiple channel signals defining an RF band, each channel signal having respective video synchronization components in time coincidence and 2) a common timing reference signal within said band synchronously related to said synchronization components, and wherein each of said channel signals is encoded in accordance with a common encoding rule, said subscriber site apparatus comprising:

an interdiction apparatus for periodically inserting a jamming signal into said RF band to provide an interdicted RF signal;

a data receiver responsive to at least one of O said channel signals for recovering said common

OD timing reference signal, and a single broadband apparatus operable over said RF band and responsive to said recovered common timing reference signal and said interdicted RF

A signal to simultaneously decode multiple channel signals in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to provide a multichannel signal comprising multiple decoded channel signals capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

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13. A method of distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, said method comprising the steps of:

generating at said headend multiple carrier signals;

modulating at said headend each of said carrier signals with a different one of said video signals to form multiple channel signals, all of said channel signals having their respective video signal synchronization components in time n— coincidence;

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LO generating a common timing reference signal synchronously related to said time coincident synchronization components;

b-i· causing each of said channel signals to be encoded at said headend in accordance with a common predetermined encoding rule;

modulating a selected encoded channel signal in response to said common timing reference signal;

distributing said multiple encoded channel signals from said headend to said subscriber sites as a common RF signal;

APO00896 responding at each subscriber site to said common RF signal to recover said common timing reference signal to simultaneously decode all of the channel signals distributed thereto by operating upon said common RF signal with a single decoder in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to provide multiple decoded channel signals, each capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image; and periodically inserting at each subscriber site a jamming signal into at least one of said multiple decoded channel signals to render it incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.

14. A method of distributing multiple video signals, each produced by a different video source at a system headend and each containing picture and synchronization components, to a plurality of subscriber sites located remote from said headend, said method comprising the steps 'of:

generating at said headend multiple carrier signals;

modulating at said headend each of said carrier signals with a different one of said video signals to form multiple channel signals, all of said channel signals having their respective video signa.1 synchronization components in time coincicence;

generating a common timing reference signal synchronously related to said time coincident synchronization components;

causing each of said channel signals to be encoded at said headend in accordance /with a common predetermined encoding rule;

periodically inserting a jamming signal at each subscriber site corresponding to at least one encoded channel signal into said common RF signal to provide an interdicted RF signal; and responding at each subscriber site to said common RF signal to recover said common timing reference signal and said interdicted RF signal to simultaneously decode multiple channel signals distributed thereto with a single decoder in accordance with the inverse of said encoding rule to provide multiple decoded channel signals each capable of directly causing a conventional television receiver to produce an intelligible image and at least one scrambled channel signal incapable of directly causing said television receiver to produce an intelligible image.