AP249A - Anti-viral compounds. - Google Patents

Abstract

Derivatives and analogues of

Description

ANTI-VIRAL COMPOUNDS

This invention relates to a new class of chemical compounds and to their use in medicine. In particular the invention concerns new 4-substituted-2-deoxy 2,3-didehydro derivatives of α-D-neuraminic acid, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical formulations thereof and their use as antiviral agents.

Enzymes with the ability to cleave N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA), also known as sialic acid, from other sugars are present in many microorganisms. These include bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium perfrinqens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Arthrobacter sialophilus, and viruses such as influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, mumps virus, Newcastle disease virus, fowl plague virus, and Sendai virus. Most of these viruses are of the orthomyxovirus or paramyxovirus groups, and carry a neuraminidase activity on the surface of the virus particles.

Many of the neuraminidase-possessing organisms are major pathogens of man and/or animals, and some, such as influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, and fowl plague virus, cause diseases of enormous economic importance.

It has long been thought that inhibitors of neuraminidase activity might prevent infection by neuraminidase-bearing viruses. Most of the known neuraminidase inhibitors are analogues of neuraminic acid, such as 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneurammic acid (DANA) and its derivatives. See, e.g., Meindl et al., Virology 1974 58 457-63. The most active of these is 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydroN-trifluoroacetyl-neuraminic acid (FANA), which inhibits multi-cycle replication of influenza and parainfluenza viruses in vitro. See Palese et al., Virology 1974 59 490498 .

A number of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acety1neuraminic acid derivatives are known in the art. See for example P. Meindl et a 1 . , Virology, 53 , 4 57 -4 53 ( 1 974 ); P. Meindl and H. Tuppy, Mh. Chem, 100 ( 4 ), 1295-1306 (1969 ); M. Fiashner et a 1 . , Carbohydrate Research, 10 3, 231 -285 ( 1982 );

V 1'

- 2 and Y. Ito, Tetrahedron Letters, 28 (49), 6221-6224 (1987);

T. Goto et a 1.. Tetrahedron letters, 27 (43), 5229-5232 (1986); H. Ogura et a 1 . . Chem. Pharm. Bull, 36 ( 12), 48074813 (1988); German Offenlegungschrift P 1439249. Many of these compounds are active in vitro against neuraminidase from v. cholerae or Newcastle disease virus as well as that from influenza virus. Neuraminidase in at least seme strains of influenza or parainfluenza viruses has also been reported to be inhibited in vitro by 3-aza-2,3,4-trideoxy-4-oxo-Dy arabinoctonic acid ά-lactone and O-e-N-acetyl-D-neuraminosyl)2--->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose. See Zaks tel'skaya et al., Vop. Virol. 1972 17 223-28.

Neuraminidase from Arthrobacter sialophilus is inhibited in vitro by the giycals 2,3-dehydro-4-epi-N-acetyl15 neuraminic acid, 2,3~dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid and 5-acetamido - 2,6-anhydro-2,3,5-trideoxy-D-manno-non-2-en4-ulosonate, ar.d by their methyl esters. See Kumar et al., Carbohydrate Ges. 1981 94 123-13C; Carbohydrate Res. 1932 10 3 231-285. The thio analogues 2-a-azido-6-thio-neuraminic acid and 2-deexv-2 , 3-didehydro-6-thioneuraminic acid, Mack & Brossmer, Tetrahedron Letters 1987 28 191-194, and the fluorinated analogue N-acetyl-2,3^-dif luoro-e-D-neuraminic acid, Nakajima et al., Agric. Biol. Chem. 1988 52 1209-1215, were reported to inhibit neuraminidase, although the type of .neuraminidase was not identified. Schmid et al., Tetrahedron Letters 1958 29 3643-3646, described the synthesis of 2deoxy-N-acetyl-c-D-neuraminic acid, but did not report its activity or otherwise against neuraminidase.

None of the known inhibitors of neuraminidase activity in vitro has been shown to possess antiviral activity in vivo, and indeed some, such as F/\NA, have specifically been shown to be inactive 1 n vivo. Thus the conventional wisdom has accordingly considered that compounds exhibiting in vitro inhibition of viral neuraminidase would not effect an in vivo blockade of virus infection.

Meindl and Tuppy, Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol Chem.

1959 350 1088, described hydrogenation of the olefinic double bond of 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid to

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AP000249

- 3 produce the β-anomer of 2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid.

This (t-anomer did not inhibit Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase.

The most potent in vitro inhibitors of viral neuraminidase have thus been identified as compounds that are based on the neuraminic acid framework, and these are thought by some to be transition-state analogues. Miller et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1978 83 1479. But while many of the aforementioned neuraminic acid analogues are competitive inhibitors of neuraminidases, to date, none has been reported as showing anti-viral activity in vivo. For example, although a half-planar, unsaturated 6-member ring system has been asserted to be important for inhibitory activity, see Dernick et al. in ANTIVIRAL· CHEMOTHERAPY (K. K. Gaun ed.) Academic Press, 1981, at pages 327-336, some compounds characterized by such a system, notably FANA, have been reported not to possess ιn vivo anti-viral activity. See Palese and Schulman in CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AND VIRUS INFECTION OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT, Vol. 1 (J. S. Oxford ed.) CRC

Press, 1977, at pages 189-205.

We have now found novel 4-substituted 2-deoxy-2,3didehydro derivatives of a-D-neuraminic acid which are active ιn vivo .

The invention therefore provides in a first aspect compounds of formula (I> or formula (la)

Ala) where in general formula (I), A is oxygen, carbon or sulphur,

r, ·' , ,· .

' ^v ' '' :, \

R¹ denotes COOK, P(O)(OH)₂, NO₂, SOOH, SOjH, Letrazol, CH₂CHO, CHO or CH(CHO>₂,

R² denotes H, OR®

F, Cl, Br, CN, NHR^C

SR⁶ or

CH₂X, wherein X is NHR°, halogen or OR® and

R® is hydrogen; an acyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a linear or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen-substituted analogue thereof; an allyl group or an unsubstituted aryl group or an aryl substituted by a halogen, an OH group, an N0₂ group, an NH₂ group or a COOH group,

R and R are the same or different, and each denotes hydrogen, CN, NHR®, N-j, SR®, =N-OR®, OR®, guanidino,

NR

-NH-N-R

OR

R® R®

or

CH,_

R⁴ denotes NHR®, SR* CH2COOR^b, CH2NO₂ or CH₂NHR®, and

R® denotes CH₂YR®,

OR®,

COOR ,6

NOC(R° >

3, or CHYR⁶CHYR®CH₂YR® chyr^uch₂yr where Y is 0, S, NH or H, and successive Y moieties in an R⁵ group are the same or different, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof.

In both these formulae R

R‘

R'

R and are subject to the provisos that in general formula (I), (i) when R³ or R³ is OR® or hydrogen, and A is oxygen or sulphur, then said compound cannot have both (a) an R² that is hydrogen and (b) an R⁴ that is NH-acyl, and (ii) R® represents a covalent bond when Y is hydrogen, and that in general formula (la),

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AP ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 5 <i) when R³ or R³ is OR** or hydrogen, and A is nitrogen, then said compound cannot have both (a) an R⁷ that is hydrogen, and (b) an R⁴ that is NH-acyl, and ( ii) represents a covalent bond when Y is hyd rogen.

In a preferred embodiment, the compound has general formula ( I I )

.0.

coon (II)

i.e. in general formula (I) above, R^ is COOH, R⁷ is hydrogen, is acetamido, and is -CHOH.CHOH.CH2OH, and R³ is hydrogen or R³ , where R³ denotes -N₃, -CN, -CH2NH2, or - N . R ⁸ . R ⁹ ;

Q Q

R and R are the same or different, and each denotes hydrogen, a linear or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl or substitued acyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -C . ( NH ) . NH~>, -CH2-COOH, -CH2CH2-OH or -CH₂ -CH . ( R¹⁰) ( R^{1 1} ) ,

R^and R^¹ may be the same or different, and each denotes oxygen or R^²N=, and

R ¹ denotes hydrogen, -OH, -OCHj, -NH2, or (CH₃ >₂N-.

We have found a particular subclass of compounds of formula (I) which are unexpectedly more active than their corresponding 4-hydroxy analogues.

Thus in a particularly preferred aspect the invention provides compounds of formula (lb)

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3b is (alk)_xNR (Ibi wherein R

6b_R7b

CN or N where alk is unsubstituted or substituted methylene , x is 0 or 1 is hydrogen, C|_galkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl), aryl (e.g. phenyl), aralkyl (e.g. phenC_^a1ky1 such as benzyl), anudine, NR^7bR^8t>, or an unsaturated or saturated ring containing one or more heteroatoms (such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur), ,7b is hydrogen, Cj.galkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl), or allyl, or NR^^bR⁷^ forms an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms (such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur), R®^ is hydrogen or C^.^alkyl, and

R^b is NHCOR^b where R^ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstιtuted C|_^alkyl or aryl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (lb) and their pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives.

In the compounds of formula < I fc> > the substituents (for example the group R⁶ in the substituent R³) may themselves bear substituents conventionally associated in the art of pharmaceutical chemistry with such substituents.

in particular NH2 or

Preferably R^ e 7 is NR°R' guanidino

Preferably R is NHCOR^ where R^ is methyl or halogen substituted methyl (e.g. FCH2, F2CH-, FjC).

References herein to preferred definitions of groups in compounds of formula (I) apply mutatus mutandis to the corresponding groups in formulae (la), (lb) and (II).

Cj.^alkyl as used herein includes both straight chain (e.g. methyl, ethyl) and branched chain (e.g.

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AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9 .35 isopropyl, t-butyl, alkyl groups.

By pharmaceutically acceptable derivative is meant any pharmaceutical ly acceptable ester or salt of such ester of the compounds of formula (I, or any other compound which upon administration to the recipient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (I, or an antivirally active metabolite or residue thereof.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds of formula (I, may be modified to provide pharmaceutica1ly acceptable derivatives thereof at any of the functional groups in the compounds. Of particular interest as such derivatives are compounds modified at the C-l carboxyl function, the C-7 or C-9 hydroxyl functions, or at ammo groups. Thus compounds of interest include C^.^alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl or propyl e.g. isopropyl, or aryl (e.g. phenyl, benzoyl) esters of the compounds of formula (I,, C-7 or C-9 esters of compounds of formula (I) such as acetyl esters thereof, C-7 or C-9 ethers such as phenyl ethers, benzyl ethers, p-tolyl ethers, and acylated amino derivatives such as formyl, acetamido.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives of the compounds of formula (I) may be derivatised at more than one position.

Pharmaceutica1ly acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I, include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable, inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of suitable acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, nitric, perchloric, fumaric, maleic, phosphoric, glycollic, lactic, salicylic, succinic, toluene-p-sulphonic, tartaric, acetic, citric, methanesulphonic, formic, benzoic, malonic, naphthalene-2-sulphonic and benzenesulphonic acids. Other acids such as oxalic, while not m themselves pharmaceuticaily acceptable, may be useful in the preparation salts use:

as intermediates in obtaining compounds of the invention and their pharmaceutica1ly acceptable acid addition salts.

Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali

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Γ'

-ί rV

- 8 metal (e.g. sodium), alkaline earth metal (e.g. magnesium), ammonium and NR^ (where R is Cj^alkyl) salts.

References hereinafter to a compound of the invention include the compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutica1ly acceptable salts and derivatives thereof.

Particularly preferred compounds of the invention include : 5-Acetamido-4-amino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-Dqalacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid (also known as 510 (acetylamino)-4-amino-2,6-anhydro-3,4,5-trideoxy-D-qlycero-Qgalacto-non-2-enoic acid), salts thereof including the sodium salt and 5-Acetamido-4-guanidino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid (also known as 5(Acetylamino ) - 2,6-anhydro-4-guanidino-3,4,5-trideoxy-D15 glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enoic acid) and salts thereof, including the ammonium salt.

The compounds of formula (I) possess antiviral activity. In particular these compounds are inhibitors of viral neuraminidase of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses for example the viral neuraminidase of influenza A and B, parainfluenza, mumps, and Newcastle disease, fowl plague and Sendai virus.

There is thus provided in a further aspect of the invention a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof for use as an active therapeutic agent, in particular as an antiviral agent, for example in the treatment of orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus i n f ect ion s .

In a further or alternative aspect there is provided a method for the treatment of a viral infection, for example orthomyxovirus and paramyxovirus infections in a mamma 1 including man, comprising the step of administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I’ or a pharmaceutica11y acceptable salt or derivative thereof.

There is also provided in a further or alternative aspect use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a viral infection.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art

- »

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9 “5 η.

that reference herein ta treatment extends to prophylaxis as well as the treatment of established infections or symptoms.

It will be further appreciated that the amount of a compound of the invention required for use in treatment will vary not only with the particular compound selected but also with the route of administration, the nature of the condition being treated and the age and condition of the patient, and will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician or veterinarian. In general however, a suitable dose will be in the range of from about 0.01 to 750mg/kg of bodyveight per day preferably in the range of 0.1 to 100 mg/kg/day, most preferably in the range of 0.5 to 25 mg/kg/day.

In particular we have found that the effective doses of the compounds tested are related to their in vitro potency. Thus DANA (which has plaque reduction of

5ug/ml) has been found to be effective at doses of between 1 and lOmg/kg per treatment. The corresponding methyl ester of DANA (IC^q 50-100yg/ml) is effective at proportionally higher dose .

Treatment is preferably commenced before or at the time of infection and continued until virus is no longer present in the respiratory tract. However the compounds are also effective when given post-infection, for example after the appearance of established symptoms.

Suitably treatment is given 1-4 times daily and continued for 3-7, e.g. 5 days pest infection depending upon the particular compound used.

The desired dose may be presented in a single dose or as divided doses administered at appropriate intervals, for example as two, three, four or more sub-doses per dav.

The compound is conveniently administered in unit dosage from for example containing 10 to 1500mg, conveniently 20 to lOOOmg, most conveniently 50 to 700mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form.

While it is possible that, for use in therapy, a compound of the invention may be administered as the raw chemical, it is preferable to present the active ingredient

BAD ORIGINAL

- 10 as a pharmaceutical formulation.

The invention thus further provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of the formula (I) cr formula (la), but not subject to the proviso thereto, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier there for .

The carrier must be 'acceptable' in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.

The pharmaceutical formulations may be in the form of conventicnal formulations for the intended mode of admin istration.

For intranasal administration according to the method of the invention the neuraminidase inhibitors may be administered by any of the methods and formulations employed in the art for intranasal administration.

Thus in general the compounds may be administered in the form of a solution or a suspension or as a dry powder.

Solutions and suspensions will generally be aqueous, for example prepared from water alone {for example sterile or pyrogen-free water), cr water and a physiologically acceptable co-solvent (for example ethanol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycols such as PEG 4 00 ) .

Such solutions or suspensions may additionally contain other excipients for example preservatives (such as benzalkonium chloride:, solubilising agents/surfactants such as polysorbates (e.g. Tween 30, Span 30, benzalkonium chloride), buffering agents, isotonicity-adjusting agents (for example sodium chloride), absorption enhancers and viscosity enhancers. Suspensions may additionally contain suspending agents (fcr example microcrysta 11 me cellulose, carbcxymethy 1 cellulose sodium).

Solutions or suspensions are applied directly to the nasal cavity by conventional means, for example with a dropper, pipette cr spray. The formulations may be provided in single or multidose form. In the latter case a means of dose metering is desirably provided. In the case of a 'RIGINAL A

AP000249

- 11 dropper or pipette this may be achieved by the patient administering an appropriate, predetermined volume cf the solution or suspension. In the case of a spray tnis may be achieved for example by means of a metering atomising spray pump .

Intranasal administration may also he achieved by means of an aerosol formulation in which the compound is provided in a pressurised pack with a suitable propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CrC), for example cichlcrcdifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane cr dichlcrctetraflurorcethane, carbon dioxide cr other suitable gas. The aerosol may conveniently also contain a surfactant such as lecithin. The dose of drug may be controlled by provision cf a metered valve.

Alternatively the compounds may be provided in the form of a dry powder, fcr example a powder mix of the compound in a suitable powder base such as lactose, starch, starch derivatives such as hydroxypropylmethy1 cellulose and colyvinyipyrrolidine (?’/?). Conveniently the powder carrier will form a gel in the nasal cavity. The powder composition may be presented in unit dose form, for example in capsules or cartridges

e.g. gelatin or c.ister pacz.s from which the powder may be administered by means cf an inhaler .

In the intranasal formulations the ccnpcunc w-f] generally have a small particle size, fcr example cf the order of 5 microns or less. Such a particle size may be obtained by means known in the art, for example by micron isation .

When desired the formulations may be adapted tc give sustained release of the active ingredient. T.ne compounds of the invention may also be used in combination with other therapeutic agents, for example otner ant_infective agents. In particular the compounds cf the invention may be employed with other antiviral acen.ts. The invention thus provides in a further aspect a ccnbin.ation comprising a compound of formula (I) or a phamaceut_ca1ly acceptable salt or derivative thereof together with another

therapeutically active agent, in particular an antiviral agent.

The combinations referred to above may conveniently be presented for use in the form of a pharmaceutica1 formulation and thus such formulations comprising a combination as defined above together with a pharmaceutica1ly acceptable carrier therefor comprise a further aspect of the invention.

Suitable therapeutic agents for use in such IG combinations include other anti-infective agents, in x

particular anti-bacterial and anti-viral agents such as those used to treat respiratory infections. For example, other compounds effective against influenza viruses, such as amantadine, rimantadine and ribavirin, may be included in such combinations .

The individual components of such combinations may be administered either sequentially or simultaneously in separate or combined pharmaceutica1 formulations.

when the compounds of the invention are used with a 20 second therapeutic agent active against the same virus, the dose of each compound may either be the same as or differ from that employed when each compound is used alone. Appropriate doses will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The compound of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives may be prepared by any method known in the art for the preparation of compounds of analogous structure.

In one such process (A) a compound of formula (III)

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 13 wherein is as defined in formula (I), and L is a leaving group ( Cor example a sulphonic acid residue such as tosyl, mesyl, t. ci f luoromesyl) or a protected derivative thereof is reacted with the appropriate nucleophile, for example azide, cyanide, an appropriate carbanion, or thioacetate.

The compounds of formula (III) may be obtained from the corresponding compounds of formula (IV)

-i r £- J by inversion of the 4-OH group by methods known in the art, for example by reaction with a Lewis acid (such as DFj etherate) followed by hydrolysis. The compounds of formula ( IV) are either known in the art or may be obtained by methods analogous to those for preparing the known compounds .

In a second method (B) the compounds of formula (I) may be prepared from other compounds of formula (I) by interconversion. Thus compounds of formula (I) wherein R-* is NU2 or CH2NH2 may be prepared by reduction of the corresponding azido or cyano analogues respectively.

Compounds wherein R^ is NH alkyl or guanidino may be prepared by den va Lisa Lion of the corresponding compound wherein Ris NH2

Compounds of formula I where R¹ is COOH may be prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding ester under either acidic or basic conditions, for example at pH 11-12 (using a base such as sodium or, ammonium hydroxide), or at pli

2-3 (using an acid such as sulphuric acid).

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, it may be necessary or desirable at any stage in the above described processes to protect one or more sensitive groups in the molecule to prevent undesirable side reactions; the protecting group may be removed at any convenient subsequent stage in the reaction sequence.

The protecting groups used in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) may be used in conventional manner. See for example 'Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry’ Ed.

J. F. W. McOmie (Plenum Press 1973) or 'Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis' by Theodora w Greene (John Wiley and Sons 1981) .

Conventional ammo protecting groups may include for example aralkyl groups, such as benzyl, diphenyimethyl or triphenylmethyl groups; and acyl groups such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl. Thus, compounds of general ? Λ formula (I) wherein one or both of the groups R and R represent hydrogen may be prepared by dep^otection of a corresponding protected compound.

Hydroxy groups may be protected, for example, by aralkyl groups, such as benzyl, diphenyimethyl or triphenylmethyl groups, acyl groups, such as acetyl; silicon protecting groups, such as trimethylsilyl groups; or as tetrahydropyran derivatives.

Removal of any protecting groups present may be achieved by conventional procedures. Thus an aralkyl group, such as benzyl, may be cleaved by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. palladium on charcoal); an acyl group such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl, may be removed by hydrolysis with, for example, hydrogen bromide in acetic acid or by reduction, for example by catalytic hydrogenation; silicon protecting groups may be removed, for example, by treatment with fluoride ion; tetrahydropyran groups may be cleaved by hydrolysis under acidic conditions.

Where it is desired to isolate a compound of the invention as a salt, for example as an acid addition salt, this may be achieved by treating the free base of general formula (I) with an appropriate acid, preferably with an equivalent amount, or with creatinine sulphate in a suitable solvent (e.g. aqueous ethanol).

The present invention is further described by the following examples, which are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

AP ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 15 General Methodologies

The following general methods are appliicable to the synthesis of compounds of the invention.

Deacetylation

Treatment of the acetylated material with Amberlite

IRA-400 (OH”) with stirring, for a period of time, generally 2-3 h, at room temperature results in complete de-Oacetylation. The resin is filtered off and the filtrate concentrated to dryness to afford the desired de-O10 acetylation material.

Those skilled in the art would recognise that other standard procedures are available for the complete de-Oacetylation of the same material, such as treatment with sodium methoxide in methanol.

Dees ten f ica tion

The completely de-O-acetylated material is taken up in aqueous sodium hydroxide and stirred at room temperature for a period of time, generally 2-3 h. The mixture is then adjusted to pH 7.0-7.5 with Dowex 50w X 8 (H⁺) resin.

Filtration followed by freeze-drying of the filtrate affords the desired deesterified material.

Those skilled in the art would readily be able to identify several alternative options for the deesterification of the same material such as acid hydrolysis, alternative base hydrolyses e.g. ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide.

Intermediate compounds referred to in Examples 1 to 15 are identified as follows:

COMPOUND 2

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tn-0-acetyl-2,3,5 -trideoxy-D30 glycero-D-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-epiNeu5,7,8,9Ac4 2enIMe)

BAD ORIGINAL c η 3 ' '· \ \ ,· ’ · _a

- 16 COMPOUND 3

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-4-azido-2,3,5-trideoxyD-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-azidoNeu5,7,8,9Ac₄2enlMe)

COMPOUND 5

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-4-amino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosona te (4amino-Neu5,7,8,9Ac^2enlMe)

COMPOUND 8 .·

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-4-N,N-dia1lylamino2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-N,N-diallylamino-Neu5,7,8,9Ac^2enlMe)

COMPOUND 10

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-4-N-allylamino2,3,4,5 -tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ( 4-N-allyIamino-Neu5, 7,8,9Ac4 2en LMe)

COMPOUND 12

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-0-acetyl-4-amino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-epi-4aminoNeu5,7,8,9Ac4 2enIMe)

COMPOUND 13

Methyl 7,8,9-tri-O-acetyi-2,3,5-trideoxy-4',5'-dihydro-2'methyloxazolo [5,4-d] D-glycero-D-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate ( 4-epi-4,5-oxazaloNeu7,8,9ACj2enlMe)

COMPOUND 15

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-4-azido-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-epiazidoNeu5,7,8,9AC42enIMe)

COMPOUND 16

Methyl 5-acetamido-4-azido-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-Dtalo-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-epi-azidoNeu5Ac2enIMe)

COMPOUND 18

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-0-acetyl-4-N-methylamino2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ( 4-N-methyIamino-Neu5,7,8,9Ac 42enIMe)

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 17 COMPOUND 19

Methyl 5-acetamido-4-N-rnethylamino-2,3,4,5 -tetradeoxy-Ως lycero-D-ga lac to-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-N-methylaminoNeu5Ac2enIMe)

COMPOUND 21

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tn-0-acetyl-4-N,N-dimethylamino2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopyranosonale (4-N,N-dimethylamino-Neu5,7,8,9Ac₄2enlMe)

COMPOUND 22

Methyl 5-acetamido-4-N,N-dimethylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosona te (4-N,NdimethylaminoNeu5Ac2enIMe)

COMPOUND 24

Methyl 5-acetarnido-7,8,9-tn-O-acetyl-4-N1 5 methoxycarbonylmethylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-Dgalacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-NmethoxycarbonyImethyiaminoNeuS,7,8,9Ac₄ 2en lMe)

COMPOUND 25

Methyl 5-acetamido-4-N-me thoxyca rbonylme thy1amino-2,3, 4 , 520 tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonatc (4-Nme thoxyca rbonylme thy lammoNeu5Ac2en IMe )

COMPOUND 27

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-4-N-2^/hydroxye thylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galac to-non25 2-enopyranosonate (4-N-2^Z-hydroxyethylaminoNeu5,7,8,9Ac₄ 2enIMe)

COMPOUND 28

Methyl 5-acetamido-4-N-2^z-hydroxyethylamino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galac to-non - 2-enopyranosona te i4 -N-2 ^z3 0 hydroxyethy laminoNeu5,7,8,9Ac<j 2cn IMe )

COMPOUND 29

Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tn-0-acctyl-4-N-2^Zhydroxyethylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non2-enopyranosonate (4-N-2^Z-hydroxyethy1aminoNeu5Ac2en1Me)

COMPOUND 30

/*, >

Τ';

V

- 10 COMPOUND 31

Mothy1 3-Deoxy-D-g lycero-D-ga lacto - 2 - nonulopyranosona te (KDNIMe )

COMPOUND 32

Methyl (4,5,7,8,9-penta-0-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-glycero-[5-Dqalacto - 2 - nonulopyranosyl chlorid)onate (KDN4,5,7,8,9Ac₅2PCI IMe )

COMPOUND 33

Methyl 4, 5 ,7 ,8,9-penta-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-glycero-D10 galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ( KDN4 , 5,7,8,9Ac^2enlMe )

COMPOUND 34

Methyl 2, 3 -<J ideoxy - D - g 1 ycero-D-ga lac to-non - 2-cnopyranosona te (KDN 2cn 1 Me )

COMPOUND 36

Hydrazinium 4,5-diamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D«-glycero-Dgalacto-non-2-cnopyranosonate (Hydrazinium 4,5-diaminoNcu2en)

COMPOUND 37

4,5 -d lam ino - 2 , 3,4 , 5 - te t radeoxy-D-g 1 ycero-D-ga lacto-non-2enopyianosonic acid (4,5-diaminoNeu2en)

Example I The preparation of Sodium 5-Acetamido-4-azido2,3,4,5-te tradeoxy-D-qlyce ro-D-qalacto-non - 2 enopyranosonate (4-Azido-Neu5Ac2en) (4)

The overall reaction scheme is as follows:

BAD ORIGINAL $ ·

AP Ο 00 2 4 9

- 19 Preparation of (2)

To an agitated solution of methyl 5-acetamido4 , 7,8,9 -tetra-O-acetyl-2,3,5-trideoxy-D-qlycero-D-qalactonon-2-enopyranosonate (1) (1500 mg, 3.17 mmol) in a mixture of benzene (50 ml) and methanol (300 mg) was added dropwise ®^f3^^t2⁽-^> ml) over thirty minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The whole mixture was then allowed to stir at room temperature for 16 hours. The solution was diluted with ethyl acetate (250 ml), washed successively with saturated NaHCOj solution (30 ml x 3) agd water (20 ml x 3), then evaporated to a small volume (about 10 ml), to which was added water (0.5 ml) and acetic acid (0-5 ml). The whole mixture was then stirred at room temperature for two days before being diluted with ethyl acetate (200 ml). The ethyl acetate solution'was washed with 5% NaHCOj solution (30 ml x 2) and water (20 ml x 3), then evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, ethyl acetate as eluting solvent) to afford pure compound (2) (550 mg, 40%).

¹H-nmr (CDClj) ά (ppm); 1.95, 2.06, 2.08, 2.10, 2.35 (s, 15H, Acetyl CH3 x 5), 3.80 (s, 3H, COOCHj), 4.1-4.4 (m, 4H, H4 , ^h5, H₆, Hg), 4.82 (dd, 1H, Jg,g 1.8Hz, ^9,9, 12.3Hz, Hg) ,

5.27 (m, 1H, Hg), 5.45 (dd, 1H, J_7Q 3.5Hz, H_?), 6.15 (d, 1H, J_3f4 5.4Hz, H₃), 6.47 (d, 1H, J_NH/5 8.8Hz, -CONH).

. 2 5 Preparation of (3)

To a stirred solution of compound (2) (800 mg, 1.67 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 ml) and dry pyridine (316 mg, 4 mmol) at -30° to -40°C, was added dropwise a solution of trifluoromethane sulphonic anhydride (Tf2O) (556 mg, 2 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) over 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was then stirred at -30* for 5 hours, and concentrated to dryness 1n vacuo. The residue was then dissolved in dry DMF (5 ml) containing a mixture of sodium azide (650 mg, 10 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate (170 mg, 0.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, and then evaporated

BAD ORIGINAL ft t

- 20 to dryness under high vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (200 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic layer was separated and washed with water (50 ml x 2), dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated to leave a residue (780 mg), which was subjected to double chromatography (silica gel, the first solvent system was ethyl acetate/acetone: 8/1; the second solvent system was dichloromethane/water: L0/1) to afford a colourless oil (3) (185 mg, 24%).

MS. (FAB) 457 (M⁺ + 1), 414 (M⁺ -N-j. (e]²°_D + 19.1’ ( Cl, MeOH ) . ir . ( CHC1₃ ) cm'^ 2100 (N-Nj). 1748 (carbonyl). ^Hnmr (CDClg) 6 (ppm). 2.04, 2.05, 2.06, 2.12, (s, 12H, Acetyl CH, x 4). 3.79 (s, 3H, COOCHg), 3.91 (ddd, IH, Jc _NH 8.4Hz,

J5,4	8.8	Hz ,	J5,6	9.9Hz,	' H5
12.5	Hz ,	Hg- ),	4.42	(dd,	IH,
(dd,	IH,	J6 , 7	2.3H	z, J6i	,5 9
J9,9	12	. 5Hz ,	Hg ) ,	5.31	(m,
J8,9	> , 6	. 8Hz,	Hg),	5.45	( dd
5.96	(d,	IH,	J3,4	2.9H,	h3,
13C-	nmr	(CDC1	3> δ	( ppm)

, 4.17 (dd, IH, Jg.g 6.8Hz, Jg.g, J₄₃ 2.9Hz, J_4>5‘8.8Hz, H₄), 4.48 9Hz, Hg 4.46 (dd, IH, Jj^ 2.7Hz, IH, 3 g j 5.2Hz, 3 g g 2.7Hz,

IH, 3 γ g 2.3Hz, J-j θ 5.2 Hz, Hj),

6.13 (d, IH, J_NH,5 8.4Hz, -CONH)

20.7

57.8 ( C₃ ) -C = (CH₃-CO-O-) <c₄ ) , 62.1

145.1 (C₂) 0x4).

, 23.2 (CH₃CO-NH), 48 (Cg), 67.7, 70.9 (C γ, , 161.5 <C_t), 170.2, .3 (Cg), 52.6 (COOCHg) Cg), 75.9 (Cg), 107.6

170.3, 170.7, (acetyl

Preparation of (4)

Compound (3) (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (5 ml) containing sodium methoxide (8 mg, 0.15 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was taken up in water (3 ml), stirred at room temperature for

1.5 hours, a justed to pH 6-7 with Dowex 50 x 8 (H^f) resin, and then lyophilised to afford the title compound (4) (35 mg, 9 4 % ) .

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 21 i.r. (KBr)cm^-1 3400 (br.-OH), 2100 (-Ng), 1714 (carbonyl)., bl-nmr (D2O) ό (ppm). 2.06 (5, 3H, acetyl CHg), 3.64 (dd,

IH, Jg* 9 6.3Hz, Jg< , 9 11.8Hz, Hg - ) , 3.65 (dd, IH, J₇,g

3.9 Hz, u -j θ 6.8Hz, H ₇ ), 3.88 (dd, 1H, Jg θ 2.6Hz, Jg g »

II. 8Hz, H_g), 3.94 (m, IH, Jg,₇ 6.8Hz, Jgg 2.6Hz, J_8>96.3Hz, Hg), 4.21 (dd, IH, J₅₄ 10-4Hz, J₅₆ 8.9Hz, H₅ ) , 4.31 (dd, IH, J₄₃ 2.2Hz, J₄₅ 2.2Hz, J₄₅ 10.4Hz, H₄), 4.34 (dd, IH, J₅ c 8.9Hz, J_{6 7} 3.9Hz, Hg ) 5.82 (d, IH, J-j,₄ 2.2Hz, Hg)

Example 2 The preparation of Sodium 5-Acetamido-4-amino2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-D-qalacto-non-2enopyranosonate (4-amino-Neu5Ac2en) (6)

The overall reaction scheme is as follows:

Hj5/pyridine

Ac O'*⁰ sc H,C θ' ! θ.Ο

Ac N₅

0) :}NaOMe/MoOH

2) OH’

OH

HO 1 OH^O.

(6)

Preparation of (5)

Into a solution of methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-Oacetyl-4-azido-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-D-qalacto-non- 2 enopyrantsonate (3) prepared as in Example 1, (95 mq, 0.208 mmol) m pyridine (6 ml) was bubbled with HgS for 16 hours at room temperature. The solution was then flushed with nitrogen for 15 minutes, and evaporated to remove pyridine under hiph vacuum. The residue was chromatographed (silica gel, ethyl acetate/1sopropanol/water = 5/2/1) to afford a colourless compound (5) (50 mg, 56%).

BAD ORIGINAL

MS. (FAB) 431 (M⁺ + 1), 414 (M⁺ -NH2>, i«)²°D +34.5* (Cl,

MeOH) . l.r. (CHClj) cm^-1, 3400 (br.NH₂), 1740 (carbonyl). ^lH-nmr (CDCIj + CDjOD) ό (ppm). 1.96, 2.06, 2.07, 2.10 (s,

12H acetyl CHj x 4), 3.81 (S, 3H, -COOCHj), 3.92 (brt, 1H, d ₄ & d 5 g 10Hz, H 5 ) , 4.17 (dd, 1H, d g» θ 7.2Hz, Jg > g

12.3 Η z, Hg > ), 4.22 (br. dd, 2H, d ₄ 5 & Jg β 10Hz, J ₄ j & Jg ₇ 2.1Hz, H₄ & Hg), 4.71 (dd, 1H, dgg 2.6Hz, dg,g, 12.3Hz, Hg ) ,

5.31	( m ,	1H	, J8/7 4.9Hz	, J	8,9 2·6Hz· J8,9' 7'	2Hz, Hg	), 5.
(d,	1H,	J7 • t	6 2-1Hz' J7,	8 4	.9Hz, H7), 5.97 (d,	1H, Jj	,4 2·
Hj).
i3C-	nmr	(CD	Clj 4- CDjOD)	A	( ppm)
20.2	, 20	. 3	(CHj-CO-O-),	22	.3 (CHj-CO-NH), 48.	2 (C5)'	50.4
<C4 )	, 52	.0	(COOCHj), 52	. 1	(Cg), 67.8, 71.2 (C	7 > c8 ’ '
76 . 5	(C6	) ,	112.5 (Cj),	143	.5 (C2), 162.0 (Cx)	, 170.2	, 170
170 .	8, 1	72 .	2 (acetyl -C	=	0x4).	-

Preparation of (6)

Compound (5) (50 mg, 0.116 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (5 ml) containing sodium methoxide (12.4 mg, 0.23 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours and evaporated to dryness in vacuo at 30*C.

The residue was stirred in water (3 ml) at room temperature until TLC (silica gel, ethyl acetate/methanol/0.1 N HC1 = 5/4/1) indicated that hydrolysis was complete. The solution (pH about 10.5) was then gradually adjusted to around pH 7.5 by Dowex 50 x 8 ( H⁺) resin. As soon as the pH of the solution reached 7.5, the suspension was quickly filtered by a press filter. The filtrate was lyophilised to afford the

	11	tie compound	(6) (30 mg ,	83% ) .
		-nmr ( D2O ) δ	( ppm) . 2.07	(S, 3H,	acety1 CH3),
30	3 -	59 - 3.70m,	2H, H7 & Hg	-), 3.89	(dd, 1H d g g 2.6Hz,	_J9,9
	11	.8Hz, Hg), 3 -	9 5 (m, 1H ,	Hg), 3.99	(brd, 1H, J4,5 10.	6Hz ,
	H4	), 4.21 (brt,	1H, J54 &	J5,6 1θ·	6Hz, H5>, 4.29 (brd	, 1H,
	J6	,5 10.6Hz, Hg	), 5.66 (d,	1H O3,4	1 .9Hz, Hj).

BAD ORIGINAL d

AP 0 0 0 2 4 9

- 23 Example 3 The preparation of Ammonium 5-Acetamido-4 guanidino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxv-D-qlycero-Dqalacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (7,

OAc \

/

AcO—(

The overall reaction scheme is as follows:

HO °^Λ' ’ Mil./ ! /

() II

CH,

I) H.N C=NH HO--<

. till ()

NH /

Ac

II ₂n

2) Powc* 50W * 8.

NH«OH

A.

i IN

H₂N

Ί Nil (7)

Into a solution of S-methylisourea (546 mg, 3 mmol) in water (15 mL) at ice-bath temperature, methy1 - 5,7,8,9 - tri O-acetyl-4-ammo-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-D-qalacto-non2-enopyranosonate (5) prepared as in Example 2 (40 mg, 0.093 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5“C for seven days and poured onto a column of Dowex 50W X 8 (H*) resin (35 mL). The column was then washed with cold water (700 mL) and eluted with 1.5 M NH^OH solution. The eluate (120 mL) was concentrated to dryness under high vacuum. The resulting residue was chromatographed (silica gel; solvent system 1: ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water, 1/5/1; solvent system 2: 75% tsopropanol) to provide the title compound (7) ( 8 mg , 24 . 5% ) .

Compound (7) gave a strong, positive Sakaguchi reaction, indicating the presence of a guanidine group. NMR data for compound (7) are given below. & ( ppm ) .

H-nmr (DjO + CDgOD)

2.06	(s, 2H, acetyl CHj), 3.60 (br. d., IH,	T u	7,8	Hz ,	h7 ) ,
3-63	(dd, IH, Jg,,g 6.2Hz, Jg' 9 11.8Hz, Hg	• )	, 3.76	( br .	d.,
IH, J	9.4Hz, H4), 3.87 (dd, IH, Jg g 2.6	Hz	' J9,9'	, 11	. 8Hz ,
h9 ) ,	3.93 (ddd, IH, Jg γ 9.4Hz, Jg g 2.6Hz,	J	8,9' 6 ·	2Hz ,	Hg>,
4.01	(dd, IH, J54 9.4Hz, J56 10.6Hz, Hs),	4	.20 (br	. d.	, IH
J6,5	10.6Hz, H6), 5.63 (d, IH, J3,4 2.1Hz,	»3	, .

BAD ORIGINAL ft

Λ

Example 4 Sodium 5-Acetamido-4-N,N-dia11ylamino-2,3,4,5 tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-D-qalacto-non-2 enopyranosonate. (9).

The overall reaction scheme is as follows:

( >Ai ί JAc

AcO—<

Nil .

Ac It.

()

A

ΧΙΙγΙ

CH . 'k/ OVCH,CN \ . I > \t

Nil

H ,1 in

i.i >M- Mri

HO

HO \ “II o

Ml /.-Ac

CH, (9)

Into a solution of allyl bromide (60mg, 0.5mmol)

BAD original d

AP 0 0 0 2 4 9

- 25 and methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acety1-4-amino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-D-qalacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (5) <90mg, 0.209mmol) in acetonitrile (5mL), was added silver carbonate (116mg, 0.418mmol). The mixture was stirred and protected from light at room temperature for 16 h. The resulting suspension was filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was subjected to flash-column chromotography silica gel, ethyl acetate containing 10% methanol) to afford methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9tri-0-acetyl-4-N,N-diallylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-qlyceroD-qalacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (8) (85mg, 80%).

^H-nmr (CDClj δ (ppm) 1.94, 2.05, 2.06, 2.11 (s, 12H, acetyl CHg x 4), 2.97 (dd, 2H, Ji0a,10b ^{& J}10’a,10’b ¹⁴-^3Hz' ^J10a,ll ^{& J}10'a,ll' ⁷-^6Hz' ^Hi0a ^{& H}10'a’' ^{3,24 <dd}' ^2H' ^J10b,10a ^{& J}10'b,10'a ¹⁴-^3Hz' J10b,ll ^{& J}10'b,ll’ ^4>9Hz' ^Hl0b & H10'_b), 3.58 (dd, 1H, J,jj 2.4Hz, 04,5 9.3Hz, H₄ ) , 3.79 (s, 3H, COOCHg), 4.12-4.26 (m, 3H, Hg, Hg., H₅), 4.70 (dd, 1H, dg g 2.6 Hz, Jg g' 12.3Hz, Hg), 5.09 (dd, 2H, J12ci s 11 & ^d12'cis,ll' 10·6Ηζ, Jg2gem & ^dl2'gem 1·5Ηζ, Hg_2c£_S ^{6 h}12'cis⁾' ⁵·^{14 (dd}' ^2H' ^J12trans,ll ^{& J}12'trans,11' ¹⁷-^7Hz* ^d12gem ^{& 3} 1 2'gem l-5Hz, ^Hi2trans ^{& H}12'trans^)/ 5.27-5.32 (m, 2H, Hg & -CONH-), 5.55 (dd, 1H, J_7<6 2.1Hz, J_7>8 4.7Hz, H₇) ,

5.72 (m, 2H, H_u & Η_π<), 6.07 (d, 1H, Jg^ 2.4Hz, Hg ) .

Compound (8) (80mg, 0.156mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (lOmL) containing sodium methoxide (16.2mg, 0.30nunol).

The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then evaporated to dryness. The residue was taken up in water (5mL), and left at room temperature for 2 h. The resulting solution was neutralized with Dowex 50 x 8 (H⁺) and freeze-dried to afford the title compound (9) (49mg, 80%).

^H-nmr (D20) δ (ppm) 1.94 (s, 3H, Acetyl CHg), 3.24-3.44 (m, 4H, H₁₀ x 2 & H₁₀. x 2), 3.48-4.33 (m, 7H, H₄, H₅, Hg, H_?, & Hg»), 5.24-5.29 (m, 4H, H₁₂ x 2 & H₁₂' x 2), 5.69

H₍ ' (d,

1H, Jg,4 ~2Hz, Hg), 5.73-5.76 (m, 2H, Hgg & H_1]L')

BAD ORIGINAL '·' ίι ί! ί

- 26 Example 5 SodLum 5-Acetamido-4-N-a 1 ly lamino-2,3,4,5 tetra ? o x y - D -q lycero- D -qalacto-ηοn- 2enopyranosonate (IL)

The overall reaction scheme was as follows:

Oac

AcO—'

ΟΛ, ,, ' - r -.

'.!· y. ' /

Η,N (M

Ο

Jl c o

OAc \, »/

Ati >—( \ i OA< () , , mi s I IN T

CH,

H()

IK .) ( ?H : ιοί

Ml \ h ί i ’(II.

To a solution of allyl bromide (43mg, 0.4Cmmol) and ccmpcund (5) (155mg, O.35mmcl) m acetonitrile (5mL) was added silver carbonate <10?.-.g, 0.33mmol). The mixture was stirred, whilst protected from Light, at room temperature for 15 h. The resulting suspension was filtered off, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column (ethyl acetate/ isopropano1/water = 5:2:1). Fractions with an Rf value of 0.5 were combined and evaporated to dryness to afford compound (10) (53mg, 321). The starting material (5) with an

Rf value of 0.3 (61mg, 39% ) and N, N-diallyl derivative (8) with an Rf value of 0.9 (20mg, 11%) were recovered respectively .

BAD ORIGINAL

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 27 ^H-nmr (CDClj) of compound (10) is shown as follows ό (ppm) 1.96, 2.05, 2.06, 2.11(s, 12H, Acetyl CHg x 4), 3.25 (dd, 1H, ^Jioa,10b'¹⁴·lH²» ^J10a ,11 ⁵ 8Hz, H10a), 3.37 (dd, IH, ^J10b, 10a'¹⁴·^1Hz' ^J10b,ll 5.9Hz, H1Qb>, 3.43 (dd, 1H, J43

3.1Hz, J₄₅ 7.5Hz, H₄ ) , 3.79 (s, 3H, COOCH-j), 4.09 (ddd, 1H,

J g ₄ 7 . 5 H z, J g j^ug.lHz, 3 g g 8.1Hz, rig), 4.21 (dd, 1H, J g · θ 7.1Hz, Jg ' , g-12 . 2Hz , Hg , ) , 4.30 (dd, 1H, Jg,g 8.1Hz, Jg ₇ 4.1Hz, Hg), 4.63 (dd, 1H, Jg,₈ 3.2Hz, J_g,g.-12.2Hz, Hg), 5.09 ( dd, 1H, d^2cis,ll 1θ·2Ηζ, J g2cis,12trans¹·^2Hz' ^H12cis^)z

5.18 (dd, 1H, d^tranSjll l⁷-lMz, di2trans, 12cis^-^ · ' ii'l2trans⁾' 5.36 (ddd, IH, Jg,₇ 4.2Hz, Jg,g 3.2Hz, Jgg7.1Hz, Hg), 5.57 (dd, IH, J_?(g 4.1Hz, J₇,_g 4.2Hz, H_?), 5.65 (d, IH, J_NH/5 9.1Hz, -CONH-), 5.33 (dddd, IH, Jii,i2trans 17.1Hz, Juj2cis 10.2Hz, Ji^ioa 5.8Hz, Jjijob 5.9Hz, Η_η),

6.09 (d , IH, J₃,₄ 3.1Hz, Hg).

Compound (1C) (50mg, 0 . 1 lmmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (5mL) containing sodium methoxide (12mg,

Q.225mmol) at room temperature for 2 h, then evaporated to dryness. The residue was redissoived in water (5mL) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 h before being neutralized with Dowex 50 x 8 (H’¹’) resin. The aqueous solution was freeze-dried to afford compound (11) (31mg,

73% ) .

^H-nmr (D2O) <5 (ppm) 2.02

25	J10a,10b-13·	4Hz' JlCa,Il 6
	J10b,lOa-13	4Hz, J10b,ll 5
	5 ' H 5 ' H 7 '	H g , H g £ r. g ) ,
	Ί.5ΗΖ, J12c	is, 11 10-3Hz'

^l312trans,12cis --5Hz, d ]_ 2 t 30 IH, J₃,₄ 2.4Hz, Hg), 5.S9

6.3Hz, J_llfl2cis -⁵-3Hz, J (s, 3H, CHgCO) . 6 Η z , H p _a , 3 .3Hz, J_iCb), 3

5-30 (dd, IH, ^H1 2 c i s ^! ' ³ · -^{5 4} rans, 11 -----² ( dodd , u - - * o -.

li,12trans ¹⁷ · , 3.42 (dd, IH, .52 (dd, IH, .51-4.27 (m, 7H, ^J12cis,12trans (dd, IH, ' ^H12trans’’ ⁵·⁷² 6.6Hz,

Hz, H11 ) .

(d

BAD ORIGINAL ft • < ’

J k

Example_6

Sodium 5-Acetamido-4-amino-2,3,4,5-tetra deoxy D-q Lyce* >-u - ta lo-non - 2-enopyranosona te ( 14 ) .

The overall reaction scheme is as follows:

Ail,—/

NH

(2)

CH,

I ) I >ζ/ργι1<1ίΛ<

(12)

CH,

H,C

V //.

lit 1 /

At < )

I I ’H \ ir»l «r 11 tlf K A 44 *

111’ \ ϊ ί, υιι jo

Ac

IN)

To a stirred solution of compound (2) <500mg,

1.04mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (8mL) containing pyridine (2O5mg, 2.6mmol) at -30°, was added dropwise a solution of trifluoromethanesulphonic anhydride (Tf2O) (357mg, 1.3mmol ) in dichlorcmethane (2mL) over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was then stirred at -30’ for 5 h, and finally evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was stirred m dry DM? containing N,N-dilsopropyiethylamine (194mg, l.Smmol) at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under high vacuum to remove CM?. The residue was then stirred in a two-phase mixture of toluene (5mL) and water (5mL) containing tetra-n-butyIammonium hydrogen sulphate (950mg, 2.8mmol) and sodium azide (137mg, 2.1nunol>. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was partitioned between

BAD ORIGINAL

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 29 ethyl acetate (50mL> and water (15mL), with the organic layer washed successively .-th water (5mL x 2), and then evaporated to dryness. The r sidue was taken up in pyridine <5mL), bubbled with HgS, and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was subjected to flash-column chromotography (silica gel, the first solvent system was ethyl acetate, the second solvent system was ethyl acetate/iso-propanol/HgO : 5/2/1). The ethyl acetate eluate contained compound (13) (260mg,

53%). The fractions with a positive ninhydrin reaction, collected from the second solvent system, were combined and evaporated to dryness to afford compound (12) (32mg, 6.5%).

J_6z5 10.2Hz, J_6/7 2.3Hz, Hr

MS (FA3), 431 (M* + 1), 414 (M⁺ - NH2).

^LH-nmr (CDClg + CDgOD) ό (ppm) 1.96, 2.06, 2.08, 2.09 (s, 12K, Acetyl CHg x 4), 3.52 (dd, LH,

J ₄ g 5.5Hz, Hg 4.5Hz, H₄ ) , 3.30 (s, 3H, COOCHg), 4.16 (dd, Hg), 4.17 (dd, I'd, Jg«,g-12.4Hz _g->, 4.23 (dd, 1H, J_5>g 10.2Hz, Jc^ 4.5Hz,

H= ) , 4.73 (dd, IH, J g , g -1 2.4Hz , -J_9fg 2.7Hz, Hg ) , 5.34 (ddd, IH, Jg 7 4.7Hz, Jg ₉ 2.7Hz, Jg g 7.3Hz, Hg) , 5.45 (dd, IH,

J 7 g 2.3 H z, J j g 4.7 Hz, Hg ) , 6.12 (d, IH, Og ₄ 5.5Hz , Hg).

13,C-nmr (CDClg + CDgOD) 6 (ppm) 20.7 (CHgC(O)O-), 23.1(CHgC(O)N-), 43.8(C₅), 46.2(C₄), 52.4(COOCHg ) , 52.3(Cg), 63.3, 71.8(C₇, C_g), 73.0(C_g), 111.5(Cg), 152.4(Cg), 170.3 & 170.8(CHgCO x 4).

143.8(C₇),

Compound (12) was stirred in anhydrous methanol i5.?.u) containing Amberlite IRA-400 (OH-) resin (ICOmg) at room temperature for 3 n. Following filtration, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in water (5mL) and adjusted to pH13 with 0.1M NaOH.

Tne aqueous solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hr and then neutralized with Dowex 50 x 8 (H⁺) resin. After filtration, the filtrate was lyophilized to afford compound (14) (16mg, 70%), which was positive in the ninhydrin

- 30 ^-runr (D₂O) ά (ppm) 2.10 (s, 3H, CH-jCO), 3.67-3.76 (m,

2H, H₄ & Hg,), 3.92 (dd, IH, Jg_/8 2.8Hz, Jgg.-ll.9Hz, H_g ) , 3.90-4.02 (m, 2H, ' & Ηθ ) , 4.37-4.44 (m, 2H, H₅ & Ηθ ) , 5.81 (d, IH, J₃,₄ 5.1,Hz, H₃).

Example 7

Sodium 5-acetamido-4-azido-2,3,4,5 -tetradeoxyD-glycero-D-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate (17 > .

OAC

Ac<\ J. AcHN^

AcO

HO

o.

COOMe

1) Tf jO/pymhne/OCM

OAc

AcO 1 ACHNAcO

COOMe

2) iV ,V <liisopropyleihylimine/OMF· 3u₄N HSOj/Toiuerie.HjO

4)01 M HO

Ni, l.Mc/McOH

CH

HO. 1

ΑζΗίΛ

HO

I COONa NaOH ky -h₂o I 7

Jti

HQ I

AcHN^x t-'O

COO Mu

To a stirring solution of compound (2) (500 mg,1.04 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (8 mL) containing pyridine <205 mg, 2.6 mmol) at -30’C, a solution of trifluorcmethanesulphonic anhydride (Tf₂O) (367 mg, 1.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was then stirrred at 3’C for 5 h, and finally evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was stirred m dry DMF containing N, N-d i isoprcpy lethy lam me (194 mg, 1.5 mmol) at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under high vacuum to remove DMF. The residue was then stirred in a two-phase mixture cf toluene (5 mL) and water (5 mL) containing tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulphate (950 mg, 2.8 mmol) and sodium azide (137 mg, 2.1 mmol). The

AP 0 0 0 2 4 9

- 31 mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h and then was diluted with 0.2 M HCl (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 h. To this reaction mixture were added ethyl acetate (50 mL) and 2 M HCl (1 mL) . The organic layer was separated and washed with water (5 mL X 3), then evaporated to dryness. The residue was subjected to flash column-chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/hexane=2/1). The fractions with Rf value of 0.32 (ethylacetate/hexane=2/l as developing solvent) were combined and evaporated to dryness to afford compound (15). (40 mg, 8.4%). The column was then eluted with ethyl acetate/methanol=10/l to recover the starting material (2) (280 mg,56%). Compound (15) was isolated as a white foam substance.

MS (FAB) 457 (M⁺+l), 414 <M⁺-N3),

i.r. (CHClj) cm^-3 2108 (-Nj), 1748 (carbonyl) ^H-nmr (CDClj), ά (ppm)1.97, 2.04, 2.06, 2.07 (s,12H, acetyl

CHj	x 4 ) , 3.82
Cg ) ,	4.51 (ddd
h5 ) ,	4.69 (dd.
IH,	Jg,7 4.9Hz
J7,6	2.1Hz, J7
6 . 15	(d, IH, J
13c_	nmr (CDC1
20.7	, 20.8, (C:
52.6	(COOCHj) ,
73.5	<C6), 104

170.5 (acetyl, -C=0 X 4)

Compound (15) (40 mg, 0.088 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (4 mL) containing sodium methoxide (6.4 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and concentrated to dryness in vacuo to afford compound (16), which was then dissolved in water (3 mL), stirred at room temperature for 2 h, adjusted to pH 6™7 with Dowex 50 X 8 (H⁺) resin, and then lyophilised to give the title compound (17) as a yellowish powder (25 mg, 83%).

BAD ORIGINAL

l.r. (ΚΰΓ) cm’ ¹ 3400 (br, -OH), 2108 1714 (carbonyl)

1.

H - nmr ( D-,0 ) Λ ( ppm )

1.97 (s, 3H, acetyl), 3.5~4.4 Cm, 7H, H₄, H₅, H_g,H₇, Ηθ , H_g, & H,/ > , 6.07 <d , J ₃ , ₄ 5.6Hz, Hj )

Example 8 Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N-methylanuno-2 , 3,4 . 5 tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopy rano-sonate (20)

CA<λ<.( :

COOMs

N,< )MrA1c< !l I • ,H

HO J

Λ. I IN’'

HO >Ο!Ί-ι Ν.,ΟΙΙ

H,O

COOMo

To a solution of methyl iodide (15 mg, 0.10 mmol) and compound (5) (43 mg, 0.11 mmol) in acetonitrile (6 mL:

was added silver carbonate (42 mg, 0.15 mmol). The mixture was stirred whilst protected from light, at room temperature for 16 h. The resulting suspension was filtered off, and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was subjected to chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/isopropano1/ water = 5/2/ 1 ) . Fractions with value of 0.36 were combined and concentrated m vacuum to dryness to afford compound (13) ( 2 5 mg , 5 1%).

BAD ORIGINAL Q

AP000249

- 33 +

MS (FAB) 445 <M⁺+1>, 414 ^H - nmr (CDClp δ (ppm)

1.95, 2.05, 2.06, 2.12 (s, 12H, acetyl CH-j X 4), 2.45 <s, 3H, N-CH₃), 3.72 (dd, 1H, J_{4 3} 2.3Hz, J₄,₅ 9.2Hz, H₄ ) , 3.89 (s, 3H, COOCH₃), 4.16 (dd, 1H, Jg^g 7.2Hz, J9 ' , 9 12.3Hz, Hg ' ) , 4.26 (ddd, 1H, J₅₄ 9.2Hz, J_5>NH 9.1Hz, J₅,₆ 9.0Hz, H_s>, (dd, 1H, J₆,₅ 9.0Hz, J_fi,₇ 2.7Hz, Hg ) , 4.64 (dd, 1H, Jg,₈ 9 H Z, J g g » 12.3Hz, Hg), 5.34 (m, 1H, J g ₇ 4.8Hz, J g g 9Hz, J_8/g- 7.2Hz, H_g), 5-51 (dd, 1H, J₇,₆ 2.7Hz, J_7/8 8Hz), 6.05 (d, 1H, J₃₄ 2.3Hz, H-j) (Μ

- NHCH₃)

Compound (18) (25 mg, 0.056 mmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (5 mL) containing sodium methoxide (5.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) at room temperature for 2 h, then evaporated to dryness to give compound (19), which was redissolved in water (5 mL) and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 h before being neutralized with Dowex 50 x 8 (H⁺) resin. The filtrate was lyophilised to afford compound (20) ( 15 mg , S 2 % ) .

¹H-nmr (D2O) δ (ppm)

1.94 (s, 3H, CH₃CO), 2.43 (s, 3H, N-CH-j), 3.5~4.3 (m, 7H, H₄,

e*sooβAA

- 34 E xangpl e 9 Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N,N-dimethylamino-2,3,4,5tet radeoxy-D-glycero-D-ga lac to-non - 2 enopyranosonate (23).

COO Me

Me t/Ag jtO /LI I ,<

COO Me

Λ ml e i Iilr ίΚ.Λ 1(X)(< >1 [ ) Mr< Ί I

ON a NaOH h₂o

To a solution of methyl iodide (65 mg, 0.46 mmol) and compound (5) (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in acetonitrile (15 mL) was added silver carbonate (127 mg, 0.46 mmol). The mixture was stirred and protected from light at room temperature for 16 h. The resulting suspension was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was subjected twice to flash-column chromatography (silica gel, ethyl acetate/ isopropano1/water=5/2/ 1 ) to afford compound (21) (30 mg, 28%) as a colourless foam.

MS (FA3) 459 ( M * I ) 414 ( M?-N ( CH.g ) ₂ ! ‘tt-.omr (uDtlg) ύ (ppm)

1.93, 2.05, 2.06, 2.12 is,	12H, acetyl	, ch3 X	4), 2.33 (br s
6H, N(CH3 ) 2) , 3.42 ( dd , IH	, 0 4 z 3 2.8 Hz, J 4;5	8.6Hz, H4 ) ,
3.79 is, 3H, COCCH-j), 4.17	(dd, 1H, J g	g t . 4 H 2 , ' 9 I 2 . ύ Η Z
Hg ' ) , 4.13 (ddd, IH, C 5 , 4	8.5Hz, .J5(k;h	8.9Hz,	J5i6 9.0Hz,
Hg), 4.31 'dd, IH, Jg g 9.	0Hz, J6(7 2.	9Hz, H6	), 4.68 (dd , 1H
U g g 3.0HZ, J g g ' 1 2 . 3 Η Z ,	Hg ) , 5.31 On	, IH, J	8,7 4 4Hz ' J8,9
3.0Hz, 3θ g. 7.4 Hz, Hg), 5	.51 (dd, 1H ,	J7,6 2	,9Hz, J7(8
4.4Hz, H?), 5-79 (d, IH,	JNH,5 8-9Hz-	CONH ) ,	6.09 (d, IH,
•J3,4 3)

jgAQ ORIGINAL

AP0Q0$49

- 35 Compound (21) (30 mg, 0.066 mmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (4 mL) containing dry Amberlite IRA 400 (OH^-) resin (90 mg) at room temperature for 3 h, then the resin filtered off. The filtrate and washings were combined and evaporated to dryness to afford compound (22) (20 mg), which was stirred in water <5 mL) at pH 12 at room temperature for 2 h, then was adjusted to pH 7.5 with Dowex 50 X 8 (H⁺) before filtration. The filtrate was lyophilised to afford compound (23) (15 mg, 66%) as a white powder.

^H-runr (D20) 4 (ppm)

1.97 (s, 3H, acetyl), 2.33 (s, 6H, NiCHg^), 3.50'4.26 (m, 7H, H₄, H₅, H₆, H₇, Hg, Hg & Hg.), 5.71 (d, J_3>4 1.8Hz, Hg)

Example 10 Disodium 5-acetamido-4-N-oxycarbonylmethy1amino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonon-2-enopyranosonate (26).

OAC

AcOji . ACHN^

AcO 5

I

COOMe / )

NHCHjCOOMe

NaOMt/MeCH

OH

HO. J AcHN^HO

NHCH₂COONa

COONa NaOH

HjO

To a solution of methyl α-bromoacetate (36 mg, 0.23 mmol) end compound (5) (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in acetonitrile (12 mL) was added silver carbonate (64 mg, 0.23 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature Ar 16 h whilst shielded from light, then filtered. Tne filtrate was bad ORIGINAL &

AP000249

- 36 evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on silica-gel column (ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water=5/2/1) . Fractions with Rf value of 0.60 were collected and evaporated to dryness to afford compound (24) (80 mg, 68.5%).

^H-nmr (CDCIj) ό (ppm)

1.97, 2.044, 2.047, 2.11 (s, 12H, acetyl CHj x 4), 3.49 (AB, 2H, J_AB 17.6Hz, H₁₀ x 2), 3.50 (dd, 1H, J₄ , j 2.9Hz, J₄,₅ 8.4Hz, H₄), 3.71 (s, ΙΗ,Ο^ΟΟΜβ), 3.79 (s, 3H,C_L00Me), 4.09 (ddd, 1H, J₅,₄ 3.4 Hz, J_5>NH 8.8Hz, J₅,g β.ΙΗζ,Η^), 4.17 (dd,

1H,

) , 4.32		(dd	, 1H, J6/5
1H, Jg	8	3.	1ΗZ/ Jg g·
IHZ, Jg,	9	3 .	iHz, Jg,g-
1Hz, J7 * 9	8	4 .	1Hz, H7>,
(d, 1H,	J	3,4	2.9Hz, Hj

.03

12.3Hz, H_g), 5.37 (m, 1H, Jg 7 4 7.4Hz, Hg), 5.56 (t, 1H, J₇,g 4

Compound (24) (80 mg, 0.159 mmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (20 mL) containing sodium methoxide (18 mg, 0.32 mmol) at room temperature for 2 h, then evaporated to dryness to give compound (26), which was redissolved in water (15 mL). The solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 h before being adjusted to pH 7 by Dowex 50 x 8 (H⁺) resin. The filtrate was freeze-dried to afford compound (25) as a white powder (59 mg, 94.6%).

^H-nmr (Dj^’ & ⁽ppm>

2.04 (s, 3H, acetyl), 3.58 (AB, 2H, J_AB 17.6 Hz, Hjq x 2), 3.50^4.40 (Μ, 7Η, H₄, H₅, Hg , H7, Hg, Hg & Hg- ), 5.68 (d, 1H, Jj₄ 2.1Hz, Hj) bad original

APOOOtAi

- 37 Example 11

Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N-2'-hydroxyethylamino2,3,4,5- tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-ga lacto-non-2enopyranosonate ( 29)

OAC

ACO. 1 ΑςΗΝ

AcO

COOMe

OAC

AcO « , J-O.

AcHn'

AcO \

COOMe nhCh^cHjOh , ¹¹ '

Amlxihic !K4 4fN<OH I McOH

OH

HO. 1 AcHN

HO

o.

COON a

•.lOH /

mhCHjCHjOh 2 <>

H.O

OH

HO 1 AcHN HO

// nhCh,CHjOH

S

COOMe

To a solution cf bromcethanol (158 mg, 1.26 mmol) and compound (5 > (84 mg, 0.195 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was added silver carbonate (100 mg, 0.36 mmol). The mixture was protected from light and stirred at room temperature for 7 days. Then it was filtered off, the filtrate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column (ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water=5/2/l) . Fractions with Rf value of 0.4 were combined and evaporated to dryness to afford compound (27) (40 mL, 40%).

MS (FAB) 475 (M*+l), 414 (M*-NHCH₂CH₂OH) ^lH-n.nr (CDClg) δ (ppm)

1.96, 2.05, 2.10 (s, 12H, acetyl CHg x 4), 2.29 (br. s, 2H,

NH &OH), 2.76 (ABm, 2H, H_1Q X 2), 3.47 (dd, 1H J₄,₅ 7.5Hz, H₄ ) , 3.62 (t, 2H, J_{u 10} 4.9Hz (s, 3H, COOCH-j), 4.15 (dcd, 1H, Jg₄ 7.5Hz

J₄,₃ 2.9Hz, x 2) , 3.79

8.3Hz, Hg ) , 4.19 (dd, 4.29 (dd, 1H, Jg 5 2. 9Hz, Jg _g. 12.3Hz

J8,9 ⁷·^5Ηζ·

6.03 (d, 1H,

1H 8.4Hz , H_g) ^J5,6 8.4Hz, J_5;NH Jg-_;g ⁷·^5Ηζ/ ^J9',g 12.3Hz Hg - ) ,

J₆₍₇ 3.8Hz, Hg), 4.65 (dd, 1H, J_g,g 5.36 (m, 1H, Jg_>7 4Hz, Jg g 2.9Hz,

H_g ) , 5.55 (dd, 1H, J₇ 3.8Hz, J₇,g 4Hz, H₇) , J_3i4 2.9Hz, H₃), 6.09 (d, 1H, J_NH,₅ 8.3Hz, CONH)

BAD ORIGINAL

- 38 ^C-nmr (CDC13) ό (ppm)

20.6, 20.8, (CH-j-CO-O- x 3), 23.10 (CH-j-Co-NH) , 46.5 (C5),

47.2 (C_lo), 52.3 (CH₃COOCH-j) , 55.6 (C₄), 6L.1 (C_n>, 62.1 (C₉), 68.1, 71.1 (C₇,C₈), 76.7 (Cg), 111.6 (C3), 143.7 <C₂>, 162.1 <C|), 170.1, 170.3, 170-6, 171.0 (acetyl carbonyl x 4)

Compound (27) (40 mg, 0.084 mmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (10 mL ) containing dry Amberlite IRA-4C0 (OH^-) (120 mg) at rocm temperature for 4 h, then filtered.

The filtrate and washings were combined and evaporated to dryness to give compound (23), which was redissolved in water i 10 mL) and adjusted to pH 13 by adding NaOH. The aqueous solution was left at room temperature for 3 h before being adjusted to pH 6¹*? with Dowex 50 x 8 (H⁺) resin. The solution after filtration was lyophilised to afford compound (29) as a white powder (20 mg 66%).

H-nmr (3-,0) Λ (ppm)

1.99 (s, 3H, acetyl), 2.91 (AD, 2H, H_lo x 2), 3.53 ~ 4.25 (m, 9H, H₄, K₅, Hg, H_?, Hg, Hg, Hg-, Η_χι X 2), 5.65 (d, J₃,₄ 2.24

BAD ORIGINAL

Example 12

APOOO249

- 39 Sodium 2,-3-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopyranosonate (35)

N jOMc/McOI I .OH

.) 4 njoh/HjO

OH

5

Compound (30) (332 mg, 1.24 mmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (40 mL) containing Dowex 50 x 8 (H⁺) resin (50 mg) at room temperature for 16 h before filtration. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness to give compound (31) (320 mg, 1.13 mmol, 91.5%), which was stirred in acetyl chloride (5 mL) at room temperature for 3 days then evaporated to dryness to afford Compound (32) (539 mg, 1.057 mmol, 93.6%). The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (20 mL) containing silver nitrate (500 mg, 2.94 mmol) and potassium carbonate bad ORIGINAL Q

AP000149

- 40 (90 mg, 0.65 mmol) protected from light and stirred at room temperature for 16 h, then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to small volume and partitioned between ethyl acetate (75 mL) and water (15 mL) . The organic layer was washed with water (10 mL x 3) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel column (ethyl acetate/hexane=2/1) to afford pure compound (33) (200 mg, 0.423 mmo1, 4 0 % ) .

^H-nmr (CDCl-j) A (ppm)

2 .	062, 2	.070, 2.073, 2.094, 2.096	(s, 15H, acetyl CH3	x 5 ) ,
3 .	80 ( s ,	3H, COOCH-j), 4.19 (dd, IH	' J9,8 5·5Hz' J9',9	12.3Hz,
Hg	’ > , 4 -	33 (dd, IH, J6f5 9.4Hz, Jg	Ί 3.0Hz, Hg), 4.57	(dd,
1H	' J9,8	1 - 9Hz , Jg , g . 12.3Hz, Hg ),	5.20 (dd, IH, J5>4	7.0Hz,

J₅,₅ 9.4Hz, H₅), 5.38 (m, IH, Jg,₇ 5.1Hz, Jg,g 1.9Hz, Jg_/9' 5.9Hz H_g), 5.49 (dd, 1H, J_?,g 3.0Hz, J₇,g 5.1Hz, H_?), 5.57 (dd, 1H, J_4<3 3.1Hz, J₄,₅ 7.0Hz, H₄), 5.97 (d, 1H, J_{3 4}

3.1Hz, H₃)

Compound (33) (100 mg, 0.211 mmol) was stirred in anhydrous methanol (10 mL) containing sodium methoxide (24 mg, 0.423 mmol) at room temperature for 3 h, then evaporated to dryness to afford compound (34) (50 mg, 90%), which was redissolved in water (5 mL) and left at room temperature for 3 h before adjusted to pH 7 with Dowex 50 x 8 ( H⁺) resin.

The solution was freeze-dried to give compound (35) (47 mg,

1% ) .

^H-nmr (D2O) Λ (ppm)

3.69	(dd , 1	H, Jg.	’8 5	6Hz, Jg.g 12.0Hz, H
J5,4	7 . 8Hz,	J5,6	10 .	5Hz H5), 3.87 '	3.99
4.13	( d , 1H	' J6,f	10	.5Hz, Hg), 4.40	(dd ,
7 . 8Hz	/ h4 ) ,	5.67	(d,	IH, J3,4 2.3Hz	H3)

- ) , ( m, 1H,

3.76 (dd,lH,

3H, H₇, Hg, Hg), ^J4,3 2.3Hz, J₄,5

BAD ORIGINAL ft

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 41 Example 13

Sodium 4,5-Diamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ( 38 )

1) AnibcrbK 1ΚΛ -100<HCOO )

2) i S M HCOOH

A) Ambcrble IR ^B(OH )

COONa

NaOH

A solution of compound (6) (125 mg, 0.40 mmol) in hydrazine hydrate (5 mL) under argon was heated at 85* C for 3 days, and the resulting mixture was vacuum evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in water (15 mL) and passed through a column of Amberlite IRA-400 (HCOO), then eluted with 1.5 M HCOOH. The eluate (200 mL) was evaporated to dryness. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel deactivated with 10% water (developing solvent:

isopropanol/water = 4/1). The fractions with Rf value of 0.1 were combined and evaporated to dryness, then freeze-dried. The residue, compound (36), was dissolved in water (10 mL), passed through a small column of Amberlite IR-4B (OH)(10 mL) . The effluent was evaporated to dryness to give compound (37), MS (FAB) of which was 243 (M⁺+l). Compound (3') was dissolved in water and adjusted to pH 7.5 with 0.1 M NaOH, then freeze-dried to afford compound (38) (20 mg, 20%) as a white powder.

bad orig'nal it > 1' n c ί·

- 42 ^H-nmr (D2O) δ (ppm)

3.01 (dd, ΙΗ, J₅,₄9.7Hz, J₅,₅ 10.2Hz, H_?), 3.80™3.89 (m, 3H, H₄, Ηθ , & Hg), 10.2Hz, Hg), 5.54 (d, 1H, J₃,₄ 2.4Hz,

H₅), 3,58 <m, 2H, Hg, & 4.06 (d, 1H, ₅

Example 14 Methyl 5-acetamido-2,3,5-trideoxy-9-(ptoluenesuIphonyl)-D-qlycero-D-galacto-non-2 enopyranosonate (39).

Λ solution made up of methyl 5-acetamido-2,3,5trideoxy-D-glycero-Q-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (1000 mg., 3.15 mmol) in dry pyridine (85 mL) was cooled in an ice-bath. p-ToiuenesuIphonyl chloride (660 mg., 3.46 mmol) was added and the pale yellow homogeneous solution left to stir overnight at 4°C.

Further p-to luer.esulphonyl chloride ( 220 mg., 1.15 mmol) was added and the solution left to stir for an additional 4h at room temperature.

Workup was first by addition of water (1 mL) followed by rotary evaporation to afford a viscous yellow oil which was flash chromatographed (SiO₂/ EtOAc/i-PrOH/H₂O, 6/2/1,v/v/v) to give as the major product 1.19 g. (80% yield) 0f compound (39).

i.r (KBr) : v_max (cm*¹) 2964 (OH), 1730 (CO₂CH₃), 1656 ;NHAC),

1358, 1174 (S0₂), 310, 562, 550 (Ar)

MS ( EA3 ; ; 450 (M^-H*) *H nmr ( 300 MHz, COgCD/TMS); δ (ppm) = 2.03 (s, 3H, NHAc :· ,

2.45	( s ,	3H,	ArCH3:	), 3.49	(ri ,	1H, J6i71.70, H5), 3.75 (s, 3H,
co2c	h3 ) ,
3.91	( dd ,	LH,	J5,6	1 0 . 0 0 ,	HS)	, 3-93-4.13 (m, 3H, Hg, Hg and
Hg ' )	t
4 . 28	(dd ,	LH,	J7,8	9.55,	K7 ) ,	4.39 (dd, 1H, J4,58.64( H4) ,
5.92
<d ,	1H, J	3,4	2.49,	H3 ) , 7	.74	(d, 2H, ArH), 7.79 id, 2H, ArH)

Example 15

AP000249

- 43 Methyl 5-acetamido-9-azido-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxyD-glycero-D-gaLacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (40)

Methyl 5-acetamido-2,3,5-trideoxy-9-(ptoluenesulphony1)-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (39) (600 mg., 1.27 mmol) and lithium azide (186 mg., 3.80 mmol) were dissolved in dry DMF (20 mL) and the yellow homogenous solution heated to 8Q°C. After 2 h, further lithium azide (186 mg.,· 3.80 mmol) was added and the solution left at 80°C overnight. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the remaining dark brown oil dissolved in pyridine (2 mL) and flash chromatographed (SiO₂i 5/2/1 EtOAc/i-PrOH/H₂0). The major product was compound (40) (370 mg., 38% yield) obtained as a white foam.

i.r.(KBr):v_max (cm^-1) 3428 (s,0H), 2104 (s, Ng), 1730 (s, CO₂CH₃), 1656 <s, NHAc )

MS (FAB) : 331 (M+H⁺) ¹H nmr (300 MHz, DgO): 6 (ppm) = 1.94 (s, 3H, NHAc), 3.37 (dd, 1H , Hg'),

3.48 - 3.57 (m, 2H, Jg_>9, 5.77, Hg and J_9/9’ 13.16, H_g ) , 3.66 (s, 3H, CO₂CH₃), 3.91 - 3.98 <m, 2H, H₅ and Hg) , 4.15 (d, 1H, J_7g 10.86, H_?), 4.38 (dd, 1H, J₄’ ₅ 8.88, H₄ ) , 5.91 (d, 1H, ^J3,4 2.44, Hg)

Example 16 Methyl 5,9-diacetamido-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-gaiacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (41).

Thiolacetic acid (130 mL, 1.82 mmol) was added to methyL 5-acetamido-9-azido-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-Dga iacto-non-2-enopyranoscnate (70 mg.,0.21 mmol) to give a pale yellow solution that was left to stir overnight at room tempe ralure.

Excess thiolacetic acid was then evaporated off under low pressure and the remaining solid repeatedly treated with water followed by evaporation (3x3 mL). The remaining solid was dissolved in methanol (4 mL), filtered and the bad ORIG1^nal

AP000249

- 44 filtrate applied to a preparative tic plate (SiO₂, 20 cm. x 20 cm. x 2 mm. eluted with 5/2/1 EtOAc/i-PrOH/HjO). The band with Rf=0.47 was worked up to give 51 mg. (70% yield) of compound (41) as a white powder.

5	i.r. (KBr) : vmax (cm-1	) 3400 (s, OH ) ,	1728 (s,CO2CH3), 1656
	(s, NHAc)
	MS (FAB) : 347 (M+H*)
	1H nmr (300 MHz, D2O) :	ά (ppm) = 1.96	(s, 3H, NHAc), 2.00

(s, 3H, NHAc),

10	3 . 23	(dd ,	IH, H	g'), 3.48 (d, IH,	Ηδ>' 3	.56 (dd, IH, J9/g'
	14 . 17	, Hg
	3.75	( s ,	3H, CO	2CH-j ), 3,89 (m, IH	• J3,9	2.90, -Jg g » 7.40,
		4 . 02	(dd,	IH, J5/6 9.10, HS>	, 4.22	(d, IH, J7/8 10.85,
	h7 ) ,	4.45	(dd,	IK, J4/5 8.94, H4>	, 5-51	(d, IH, J3z4 2.47,
15	H3) ;
	Examp	le 1	7 5	,9-diacetamido-2,3	,5,9-tetradeoxy-D-givcero-

qa lacto-.-ion - 2-enopyranosonic acid (42) .

The is summarized prepara below:

ion of compound ( 42 ) from compound (33)

OH

I AcHN^ HO	o OH	.— COOMe	OH m 1 r»
-- HO CH	,— COOMe
			4 O

Crl,COSH

OH

bad original

AP ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 45 Λ solution of methyl 5,9-diacetamido-2,3,5,9tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (41) (46 mg., 0.13 mmol) dissolved in 0.1M ag. sodium hydroxide (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2.5 h. The solution was then adjusted to pH 5 with Dowex 50W-X8 (H⁺), the resin filtered off and the filtrate lyophilized to give 40 mg.

(91% yield) of compound (42) as a white powder.

i.r. (KBr) : v_max (cm'¹) 3376 (s, OH), 1652 (s, NHAc)

MS (FAB) : 333 (M+H⁺) ³H nmr (300 MHz, D₂O) : δ (ppm) = 1.89 is, 3H, NHAc), 1.93 ( s , 3H , NHAc ) ,

3.15 (dd, 1H, H_g’), 3.40 (d, 1H, Hg) , 3.48 (dd, 1H, Jg g' 14.13, Hg ) ,

3.32 (m, 1H, J_g,_g 3.01, J_g,g, 7.43, Ηθ) , 3.94 (dd, 1H, J₅,₅ 15 10.42, H₅), 4.13 (d, 1H, J₇,_g 10.91, H₇ ) , 4.36 (dd, 1H, J₄,₅

8.80, H₄), 5.81 (d, IH, Jj,₄ 2.41, H_g)

Example 18

Methyl 5-acetamido-9-cyano-2,3,5,9 -tetradeoxyD-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (43)

A solution of methyl 5-acetamido-2,3,5-trideoxy-9( p-toluenesulphonyl)-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopyranosonate (39) (80 mg., 0.17 mmol), tert-butylammonium cyanide (2 mg) and sodium cyanide ( 12 mg. , 0.25 mmol) in dry DMSO (1.25 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 5 days.

Workup by preparative thin layer chromatography (SiO->, 20 cm. x 20 cm. x 2 mm. eluted with EtOAc/ iPrCH/H₂O, 5/2/1) gave as the major component 30 mg. (61% yield) of compound (43) as a cream coloured powder.

( R.- - 0 . 7 4 ) .

i.r.(KBR) : v_max (cm'¹) 3440 (s, OH), 2256 (w, CN), 1726 (s,

CO₂CH j ) ,

1638 (s, NHAc)

MS (FAB) : 315 (M+H⁺) hi nmr (300mHz, D₂0) : δ (ppm) = 1.92 (s, 3H, NHAc), 2.75

BAD ORIGINAL Ά

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- 46 (dd, 1Η, Hg'),

2.93 (dd, 1H, Jg,θ.17.22, H_g), 3.55 (dd, 1H, Jg_/7 1.17, Hg ) , 3.67 (s, 3H, CO₂CH₃), 4.02 (dd, 1H, J₅ g 9.05, H₅>, 4.13-4.19 (m, 1H, 'Jq_<9 3.91, Jg g » 6.5 6 , Ηθ), 4.16 (dd, 1H, J₇ θ 10.90, H_? ) , 4.37 (dd, 1H,J₄,₅ 8.95 , H₄ ) , 5.90 (d, 1H, J₃,₄ 2.4 2, H-j)

Example 19 5-Acetamido-9-cyano-2,3,5,9 -tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid ( 44 ) .

The methodology used to prepare 5-acetamido-9cyano-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopyranosonic acid (44) is summarised below:

OH

AcHNjj

HO

-Ο

COCMe

OH

NC 1

O.

COCMe

NaOM Bu.NCN

OH

AcHN

HO

OH

DMSO/5 lav* ί ) aq NaCl 1 /} H ft * in

COOH

Methyl 5-acetamido-9-cyano-2,3,5,9-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enocyranosonate (43) (80 mg., 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 0. 1M aq. sodium hydroxide (10 mL) and the resultant solution stirred at room temperature ter 3 h.

The pH was then adjusted to 4 with Dowex 50W-X8(H⁺), the resin filtered off and the filtrate lyophilized to give 75 mg (98% yield) of compound (43) as a fluffy white powder.

BAD ORIGINAL ft

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l.r. (KBr) : vmax (cm-1) 3370	(s,OH),	2254 (w, CN), 1656 (s,
NHAc )
MS (FAB) : 301 (M+H+)
1H nmr (300MHz, D2O) : 4 (ppm)	= 1.98	(s, 3H, NHAc), 2.70

(dd, IH, Hg'),

2.88 (dd, IH, Jg,g' 17.27, Hg), 3.48 (d, IH, Hg), 3.97 (dd, IH, J5/6 9.84, H5>, 4.09-4.24 (m, 2H, H? and Hg,Jg,g
3.90,Jg t9 ' J3,4 2·42'	6.53) , 4.41 .(dd, IH, J4 5 H3)	8.87, H4), 5.80 (d, IH,
Example 20	Inhibition of Influenza	Virus Neuraminidase
	An in vitro bioassay of the	above-described
compounds	against N2 influenza virus	neuraminidase was

conducted, following Warner and 0'3rien, Biochemistry, 1979 18 2783-2787. For comparison, with the same assay the Kg for

2-deoxy-N-acety-s-D-neuraminic acid was determined to be 3 x

10^-4 M.

Values for Kg were measured via a spectrofluorometric technique which uses the fluorogemc substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetylneuraminic acid (MUN), as described by Meyers et al. , Anal. Biochem. 1980 101 166174. For both enzymes, the assay mixture contained test compound at several concentrations between 0 and 2 mM, and approximately 1 mU enzyme in buffer (32.5 mM MES, 4 mM CaClg, pH 6.5 for N2; 32.5 mM acetate, 4 mM CaClg, pH 5.5 for V .

cholerae neuraminidase).

The reaction was started by the addition of M'JN to final concentrations of 75 or 40 μΜ. After 5 minutes at 37°C, 2.4 mi 0.1 M glycme-NaOH, pH 10.2 was added to 0.1 ml reaction mixture to terminate the reaction. Fluorescence was read at excitation 365 nm, emission 450 nm, and appropriate MUN blanks (containing no enzyme) were subtracted from readings. The Kg was estimated by Dixon plots ( 1/fluorescence versus compound concentration ) . Results are summarized in Table 1, and unless otherwise stated, refer to inhibition of N2 neuraminidase.

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BAD ORIGINAL

AP000249

- 52 Example 21 Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication In Vitro

Inhibition of influenza A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2) and Influenza B/Victoria/102/85 replication in vitro was measured by reduction of viral plaque formation in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells

Monolayers of confluent MDCK cells, grown in six well tissue culture plates, were inoculated with 0.3 ml of virus diluted to give about 50-100 plaques/well. Virus was diluted in serum-free minimal essential medium (MEM) containing 2 ug/ml N-tosyl- 1-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) treated trypsin (Worthington Enzymes), and test compound .

Virus was adsorbed at room temperature for one hour, and the cells then overlaid with defined cell culture medium, version 1 (DCCM-1)/agar overlay containing test compound, 4 ml/well. DCCM-1 is a serum-free complete cell growth medium (Biological Industries), to which TPCK treated trypsin and DEAE-dextran to a final concentration of 2 ug/ml and 0.001% respectively, were added. Agar (5%) (Indubiose) was diluted 1:10 in the overlay before being added to the plate.

Once overlaid, plates were incubated at 37*C, 5%

C0₂ for 3 days. Cells were then fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde, stained with carbol fuschin and the viral plaques counted. Results were as follows:

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AP000249

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BAD ORIGINAL $

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 54 Sodium 5-acetamido-4-M-ally1-N-hydroxy-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-qlycero-D-qa lac to-non - 2 -er.opyranosonate (45) can readily be prepared from compound (11) described in Example 5, using oxidation methods.

Example 22 In Vivo Anti-Viral Activity

The compounds of Examples 2,3 and 6 (4-amino, 4guanidino and 4-epi-ammo ) , as well as the compound DANA (2deoxy-N-acetyl-«-D-neurammic acid), which was shewn an Example 29 to have anti-neuraminidase activity in vitro, ware tested for anti-viral activ.ty in a standard in vivo assay. When administered intranasaily to mice before and during challenge with influenza A v.rus, these compounds reduced the titre of virus in lung tissue 1 to 3 days after infection.

Mice were infected intranasaily with 50 μΐ cf 13^

TCID^q units,'mouse of H2N2 influenza A virus (A/Sing/1/5“ ) . i’he test compound was administered intranasaily at a dose rate of either 12.5 or 25 ης/kz bedy weight (50 μΐ of aqueous solution/mouse) as follows: 24 hours and 3 hours before infection; 3 hours after infection then twice daily on each of days 1, 2 and 3 after infection. The structurally unrelated compounds ribavirin and amantadine were also used for comparison.

The mice were sacrificed on days 1, 2 and 3 after infection, their lungs removed and virus titres in the lungs measured. The titres were clotted graphically and expressed as the percentage area under the curves (A'JC) compared to those for untreated mice. results are summarized below.

APQ00249

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BAC&RIGlNAL j0

AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

- 56 All three compounds tested showed greater potency than DANA.

Example 23

The following formulations are representative of compositions according to the invention:

AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Compound of formula (I) Benzalkonium chloride Phenylethyl alcohol

Purified water % w/w

10.0

0.04

0.40 to 100% w/w

AQUEOUS COSOLVENT SOLUTION

Compound of formula (I) Benzalkonium chloride

Polyethylene glycol 400 Propylene glycol Purified water % w/w

10.0 0.04

10.0

30.0 to 100% w/w

AEROSOL FORMULATION

Compound of formula (I) Lecithin Propellant 11 Propellant 12 % w/w

7.5

0.4

25.6 66.5

DRY POWDER FORMULATION

5 % w . w

Compound of formula (1) 40.0

Lactose 60.0

These formulations are prepared by admixture of the active ingredient and excipLents by conventional pharmaceutica1 methods.

BAD ORIGINAL ft

AP000249

- 57 It will be clearly understood that the invention in its general aspect is not limited to the specific details referred to hereinabove.

/'

BAD ORIGINAL &

HA'. 'Λ V .. 43 ne Li·..- 3· V CeSCMiBrO AN? ASCEA' my cu^ sa . yev’iO. a .9 ‘N ληδ;

ΤΟ fit H-' ED I W^c 'CLARE TH.|

Claims (28)

1. CLAIMS:

   A compound of formula (I) or formula (la) (Γ) r:

   . R, (la) where m general formula (I), A is oxygen, carbon or sulphur, and in general formula (la), A is nitrogen or carbon;

   R^l denotes COOH, ?(0) (CK)₂, N0_:, SOGH, SG₃H, tetrazoi, CH-.CHO, CHO or CH(CHO)-,

   R² denotes H, OR⁶, F, Cl, Br, CN, NHR⁶, SR⁶ or CH₂X, wherein X is NHR⁶, halogen or OR⁶ and

   R⁶ is hydrogen; an acyl group having ί to -4 carbon atoms; a linear or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to ύ carbon atoms, or a halogen-substituted analogue thereof; an allyl group or an unsubstituted aryl group or an aryl substituted by a halogen, an OH group, an N0₂ group, an NH^ group or a COOH group,

   R³ and R^J are the same or different, and each denotes hydrogen, CN, NHR⁶, N₃, SR⁶, =N-OR⁶, OR⁶, guanidino.

   NR

   ORC »~i 0 r~> 0 iv it

   R⁴ denotes NHR⁶, SR⁶, OR⁶, COOR⁶, NO;, C(R⁶)3, CH₂COOR⁶, CH₂NO₂ or CH₂NHR⁶, and

   R⁵ denotes CH2YR⁶, CHYR⁶CH2YR⁶ or CHYR⁶CHYR⁶CH₂YR⁶, where Y is 0, S, NH or H, and successive Y moieties in an R⁵

   BADORIGINAL

   AP000249

   - 59 group are the same or different, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or derivatives thereof, provided that in general formula (I) (i) when R³ or R³ is OR⁶ or hydrogen, and A is oxygen or sulphur, then said compound cannot have both (a) an R² that is hydrogen and (b) an R⁴ that is O-acyl or NH-acyl, and (ii) R⁶ represents a covalent bond when Y is hydrogen, and that in general formula (Ia), (i) when R³ or R³ is OR⁶ or hydrogen, and A is nitrogen, then said compound cannot have both (a) an R² that is hydrogen, and (b) an R⁴ that is NH-acyl, and (ii) R⁶ represents a covalent bond when Y is hydrogen.
2. 2- A compound as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the compound is a compound of formula (II)

   COOH (ID wherein R³ is hydrogen or R³ and R³ is -N₃, -CN, -CH₂NH₂, or N . R³ . R⁹;

   R⁸ and R⁹ are the same or different, and each denotes hydrogen, a linear or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl or substituted acyl group cf 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -C.(NH).NH₂, -CH₂.COOH, -CH₂-CH,-OH or -CH₂.CH. (Rⁱ⁰) (R¹¹) ,

   R¹⁰ and R¹¹ may be the same or different, and each denotes oxygen or R¹²N=, and

   R¹² denotes hydrogen, -OH, -OCH₃, -NH₂, or (CH₃)₂NBAD ORIGINAL ft

   AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

   - 60 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof .
3. 3. A compound as claimed in Claim L or Claim 2 wherein R³ is NHR⁶.
4. 4. A compound as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 wherein R³ is

   NH

   NH₂ or NH-C-NH₂.
5. 5 A compound as claimed in Claim 1 and selected from the group consisting of:Sodium 5-acetamido-4-azido-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-Dgalacto-non-2-enopyranosonate (4-Azido-Neu5Ac2en);

   Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N,N-diallylamino-2,3,4,5-tetra decxy-£-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ;

   Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N-allylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ;

   Sodium 5-acetamido-4-amino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate; (4-epi-aminoNeu4Ac2en);

   Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acety1-4-N,Ndiallylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2encpyranosonate (4-N,N-diallylamino-Neu5,7,3, 9Ac₄2enlMe);

   Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N,N-diallylamino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-qlvcero-D-qalacto-non-2-enopyranosonate ;

   Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acety1-4-Nallylamino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopyranosonate (4-N-allylamino-Neu5,7,8,9Ac₄2enlMe) ;

   Sodium 5-acetamido-4-N, N-dimethylamino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2 - enopyranosonate ;

   Sodium 2,-3-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2 enopyranosonate; and

   Methyl 5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-0-acetyl-4-azido2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero~S-talo-non-2-enopyranosonate (4 epi-azidoNeu5,7,8,9Ac₄2enlMe) .
6. 6. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) or (la) as defined in any one of Claims 1 to

   AP000249

   - 61 thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor .
7. 7. A pharmaceutical formulation as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the formulation is adapted for intranasal administration.
8. 8. Use of a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) as defined in Claim 1 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a viral infection.
9. 9. Use of a compound as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the viral infection is influenza.
10. 10. A method for the treatment of a mammal including man suffering from a viral infection comprising administration of a compound of formula (I) or formula (Ia) where in general formula (I), A is oxygen, carbon or sulphur, and in general formula (Ia), A is nitrogen or carbon;

    R¹ denotes COOH, P(O)(0H)₂, N0₂, SOOH, SOjH, tetrazol, CH₂CHO, 0 or CH(CH0)₂,

    R² denotes H, OR⁶, F. Cl, Br, CN, NHR⁶, SR⁶ or CH₂X, wherein X is NHR⁶, halogen or OR⁶ and

    R⁶ is hydrogen; an accyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a linear or cyclicc alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen-substituted analogue thereof; an allyl group or an unsubstituted aryl group or an aryl substituted by a halogen, an OH group, an N0₂ group, an NH-, group or a COOH group,

    BAD ORIGINAL fl

    AP Ο Ο Ο 2 4 9

    - 62 R⁵ and R³ are the denotes hydrogen, CN, NHR⁶, same or different, and each N₃, SR⁶, =N-OR⁶, OR⁶, gaunidino,

    N -* Ο , -NH-N-R⁶ ί 1 I

    R⁶ R0 _r6

    CH,— /' \v_.y '-\!

    R⁴ denotes NHR⁶, SR⁶, OR⁶, COOR⁶, NO,, C(R⁶)₃,

    CH^COCR⁶, CH,NO₂ or CH,NHR⁶, and

    R⁵ denotes CH,YR⁶, CKR⁶CH₂YR⁶ or C:-:YR⁶CHYR⁶CH,YR⁶, where Y is 0, S, NH or H, and successive Y moieties in an R⁵ group are the same or different, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereof .
11. 11- A method for the treatment of a mammal including man suffering from a viral infection which comprises the step of administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or (la) as defined in Claim 1.
12. 12. A method as claimed infection is influenza.

    13 . A method as claimed wherein the infection is by a 14 . A method as claimed wherein the active ingredlent respira tory tract. 15 . A method as claimed wherein the act ive ingredlent 16 . A method for the pr· f ormu la (I) as defined in Cla

    o f (A) reaction of a in Claim 11 wherein the viral in either Claim 10 or Claim 11 respiratory virus, in any one of Claims 10 to 13 is administered to the in any one cf Claims 10 to 14 is administered intranasa1ly. paration of a compound of

    Lm 1 which comprises the steps ;ompound, of formula (III)

    BAD ORIGINAL ft

    APQ00249 wherein R^l, R², R⁴ and R* are as defined in Claim 1 and L is a leaving group, with a nucleophile; or (B) interconversion of one compound of formula (I) to another compound of formula (I), and if necessary or desired, subjecting the resulting compound to one or two further reactions comprising :

    (i) removing any protecting groups;

    (ii) converting a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. 17. A compound of formula (lb) (lb) wherein R'^b is (alk) xNR^6bR^7b, CN or N3 where alk is unsubstituted or substituted methylene, x is 0 or 1

    R⁶⁰ is hydrogen, Cj^alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, amidine, NR^R³⁶ or an unsaturated or saturated ring containing one or more heteroatoms (such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur),

    R⁷'⁵ is hydrogen, C^alkyl or allyl; or

    NR^6bR^7b forms an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring optionally containing one or more additional heteroatoms,

    R^8b is hydrogen or Chalky! and _;

    BAD ORIGINAL ft

    AP000249

    - 64 R^4b is NHCOR⁹⁶ where R⁹⁶ is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C₁₄alkyl or aryl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or derivative thereo f
14. 18 .

    NR^r⁷*».
15. 19.

    A compound as claimed in Claim 3 wherein R³⁶ is

    A compound as claimed in Claim 17 or Claim L8 wherein R³⁶ is NH₂ or NHC(=NH)NH₂.
16. 2 0 . 5-acetamido-4-amino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-Dgalacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid and pharmaceutica1ly acceptable salts and derivatives thereof.
17. 21. Sodium 5-acetamido-4-amino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate.
18. 2 2 . 5-acetamido-4-guanidino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-Dglycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof.
19. 23. Ammonium 5-acetamido-4-guanidino-2,3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonate .
20. 24. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound as claimed in any one of Claims 17 to 23 as active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
21. 25. A pharmaceutical formulation suitable for intranasal administration comprising a compound as claimed in any one of Claims 17 to 23 as active ingredient together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
22. 26. A pharmaceutical formulation as claimed in Claim 24 or Claim 25 wherein the active ingredient is 5-acetamido-4amino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2 enopyranosonic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof .
23. 27. A pharmaceutical formulation as claimed in Claim 24 or Claim 25 wherein the active ingredient is 5-acetam ido-4 guanidino-2,3,4,5-tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2enopyranosonic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof .
24. 28. A method for the treatment of a mammal including man suffering from a viral infection comprising administration of an effective amount of a compound as

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    - 65 claimed in any one of Claims 17 to 23.
25. 29. Λ method as claimed in Claim 28 wherein the infection is a viral respiratory infection.
26. 30· A method as claimed in Calim 28 or Claim 29 wherein the viral infection is influenza.

    31. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 28 to 30 wherein the active ingredient is administered to the respiratory tract. 32 . A method as Claimed in any one of Claims 28 to 31 wherein the compound is administered intranasa1ly. 33 . A method as claimed in any one of Claims 28 to 32 wherein the compound is 5-acetamido-4-amino-2,3,4,5-

    tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
27. 34. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 28 to 32 wherein the compound is 5-acetamido-4-guanidino-2, 3,4,5tetradeoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-enopyranosonic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
28. 35. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of Claims 17 to 23 in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a viral infection.

    3%. A method for the formula (lb) as defined in comprises the steps of:

    (A) reaction preparation of a compound of any one of Claims 17 to 23 which of a compound,of formula (Illb) wherein is as defined in Claim 17 and L is a leaving group, or a protected derivative of said compound, with a nucleophile; or (B) interconversion of one compound of formula (lb) to another compound of formula (lb)

    BAD ORIGINAL

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    - 66 and if necessary subjecting the resulting compound to one or two further reactions comprising:

    (i) removing any protecting groups;

    (ii) converting a compound of formuLa (lb) or a salt thereof into a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.