WO2026025762A1 - 电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆 - Google Patents

电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆

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Publication number
WO2026025762A1
WO2026025762A1 PCT/CN2024/138122 CN2024138122W WO2026025762A1 WO 2026025762 A1 WO2026025762 A1 WO 2026025762A1 CN 2024138122 W CN2024138122 W CN 2024138122W WO 2026025762 A1 WO2026025762 A1 WO 2026025762A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end plate
flow
port
fuel cell
cell stack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/138122
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
武鹏
张迪
邓哲
齐文遥
兰天
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd filed Critical Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026025762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026025762A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/0256—Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of fuel cell technology, and particularly relates to a fuel cell stack end plate, a fuel cell stack, and a vehicle.
  • the required diameter of the gas and coolant channels increases significantly. Due to the limitation of the short side dimension of the endplate, the endplate with the channels arranged on it cannot meet the requirements. Generally, a distributed channel around the perimeter is chosen, but the length-to-width ratio of the channel increases significantly, requiring the channel to be divided into multiple channel cavities. Therefore, how to reduce flow resistance and how to control the uniform distribution of each channel cavity become urgent problems to be solved.
  • This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a fuel cell stack endplate, a fuel cell stack, and a vehicle, which enables a more uniform distribution of the gas-liquid medium entering the stack through the stack endplate under lower pressure loss, thus facilitating the consistent performance of the stack.
  • this application provides an end plate for an electric fuel cell stack.
  • the end plate includes an end plate body, and a through end plate channel is provided in the end plate body to form an inner port and an outer port on two end faces of the end plate, respectively.
  • the projections of the inner port and the outer port in the thickness direction of the end plate have non-overlapping areas.
  • the aspect ratio of the inner port is greater than that of the outer port.
  • the sidewall of the end plate channel has a flow guiding slope opposite to the outer port in the non-overlapping area.
  • the end plate channel has a flow diversion rib extending along the medium flow direction.
  • the inner port is more elongated than the outer port.
  • this application provides a fuel cell stack, including a stack endplate as described in any of the technical solutions in the first aspect.
  • the stack endplate as in the first aspect, it is easier to increase the power, and because the flow channel cavity distribution is more uniform, it is beneficial to the consistent performance of the stack and improve the working efficiency of the fuel cell stack.
  • this application provides a vehicle including a fuel cell stack as described in the second aspect, the fuel cell stack being used to provide electrical energy to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle according to this application improves overall vehicle performance and operational stability by using a fuel cell stack as described in the second aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell stack end plate provided in an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point B-B in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the fuel cell stack end plate provided in an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 5 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the original scheme of the endplate flow channel.
  • a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy in fuel into electrical energy. It has advantages such as low operating temperature, fast start-up, high specific power, simple structure and convenient operation. Therefore, fuel cells are widely used in the automotive industry, power generation, shipbuilding industry, aerospace, home power supply and other industries.
  • Bipolar plates and membrane electrode assemblies are crucial components of a fuel cell stack. Bipolar plates distribute fuel, conduct electricity, and support the MEAs, which are the sites of electrochemical reactions.
  • a single fuel cell is also called a single cell.
  • multiple single cells are typically stacked in series to form a fuel cell stack. End plates are divided into inlet end plates and blind end plates, located at opposite ends of the fuel cell stack. They, along with other fasteners, transmit the stack's clamping pressure. The end plates are connected to the current collectors and also provide sealing and insulation for the stack. Furthermore, the inlet end plate, connected to the inlet manifold, also distributes reactant gases and coolant.
  • the design of low flow resistance and uniform distribution in the inlet endplate flow channels is crucial.
  • the gas-liquid flow channel inlets of the fuel cell stack endplate are arranged on the two short sides of the endplate. This arrangement offers advantages such as simple flow channel structure, low pressure loss, and small sealing area.
  • the required flow area for the air and coolant flow channels increases significantly. Due to the limitations of the short side dimensions of the endplate, arranging the gas-liquid flow channels on the two short sides of the inlet endplate is no longer suitable. In this case, the flow channel inlets need to be arranged on the long side of the endplate, with the gas-liquid flow channels distributed around the perimeter of the inlet endplate to meet the stack power requirements.
  • this application proposes an end plate for fuel cell stacks.
  • This end plate is applied to the inlet end plate, which enables the gas-liquid medium entering the fuel cell stack through the end plate to be distributed more evenly with lower pressure loss, thus facilitating the consistent performance of the fuel cell stack.
  • the fuel cell stack end plate of this embodiment includes an end plate body 1.
  • the end plate body 1 has a through end plate flow channel 11 to form an inner port 121 and an outer port 131 on the two end faces of the end plate, respectively.
  • the projections of the inner port 121 and the outer port 131 in the thickness direction of the end plate have non-overlapping areas.
  • the aspect ratio of the inner port 121 is greater than that of the outer port 131.
  • the sidewall of the end plate flow channel 11 has a flow guiding slope 111 opposite to the outer port 131 in the non-overlapping area.
  • the end plate flow channel 11 has a flow diversion rib 112 extending along the medium flow direction.
  • the end plate flow channel 11 extends through the end plate body 1 along the thickness direction to form an inner port 121 on the inner end face 12 for communicating with the internal flow channel cavity of the fuel cell stack, and an outer port 131 on the outer end face 13 for communicating with external pipes.
  • the aspect ratio of the inner port 121 is greater than that of the outer port 131. This is because the internal flow channels of the fuel cell stack are distributed around the periphery of the endplate, resulting in a generally elongated cross-section to minimize space occupation while ensuring flow rate. Therefore, the aspect ratio of the inner port 121 is generally larger. Conversely, the external pipes are generally circular, and to facilitate connection between the outer port 131 and the external pipes, the aspect ratio of the outer port 131 is generally smaller. This difference in shape between the inner port 121 and the outer port 131 is understandable. However, to facilitate the shape variation of the inner port 121 and the outer port 131, their length directions are the same.
  • the length direction indicated in Figure 2 refers to the width direction of the inner port 121 and outer port 131 corresponding to the end plate flow channel 11 in the figure
  • the width direction indicated in Figure 3 refers to the length direction of the inner port 121 and outer port 131 corresponding to the end plate flow channel 11 in the figure, rather than the length and width direction of the end plate body 1.
  • the inner port 121 and the outer port 131 have different shapes, and the inner port 121 and the outer port 131 are at least partially misaligned in the thickness direction of the end plate to reduce the size difference between the inner port 121 and the outer port 131.
  • the flow guide slope 111 can play a certain guiding role to reduce the flow resistance during the cross-sectional change of the end plate flow channel 11.
  • the flow divider 112 corresponds to the separator between multiple flow channels of the same medium inside the fuel cell.
  • the gas and liquid medium in the end plate flow channel 11 is diverted into different flow channels, thereby improving the uniformity of flow in each flow channel and reducing flow resistance.
  • end plate flow channel 11 can be one of the following: cooling medium inlet channel, cooling medium outlet channel, air inlet channel, air outlet channel, hydrogen inlet channel, and hydrogen outlet channel, without any specific limitation.
  • the inner port 121 is more elongated than the outer port 131.
  • the flow guiding slope 111 and the flow splitting rib 112 the medium entering the fuel cell through the fuel cell end plate is distributed more evenly with lower pressure loss, which is conducive to the consistent performance of the fuel cell.
  • the endplate body 1 can be made of aluminum-plastic composite material.
  • the endplate body 1 is made of aluminum alloy to ensure the structural strength of the endplate.
  • the sidewall portion of the endplate flow channel 11 within the endplate body 1 is made of plastic to ensure insulation and safety performance.
  • the endplate flow channel 11 is provided with flow dividers 112, eliminating the need for an additional flow equalization plate.
  • the fuel cell stack endplate of this application serves both to ensure the structural strength of the fuel cell and to allow for medium flow while ensuring insulation. Therefore, the fuel cell stack endplate of this application can be a three-in-one design of the shell endplate, air inlet endplate, and insulation endplate, reducing the number of independent components required for the fuel cell system. This not only simplifies the system layout and assembly process but also helps to reduce potential leakage risks and maintenance costs.
  • the dimension of the end plate flow channel 11 in the width direction of the inner port 121 can decrease along the direction of medium flow, and the dimension of the end plate flow channel 11 in the length direction of the inner port 121 can increase along the direction of medium flow, so that the guide slope 111 is inclined along the width direction of the inner port 121.
  • the diameter of the external pipe is generally large to ensure the flow rate of the gas-liquid medium.
  • the size of the outer port 131 of the end plate flow channel 11 is also large. Therefore, the width dimension of the outer port 131 is larger than the width dimension of the inner port 121, and the length dimension of the outer port 131 is smaller than the length dimension of the inner port 121.
  • the dimension of the endplate flow channel 11 decreases in the width direction of the inner port 121 along the direction of medium flow, and increases in the length direction of the inner port 121 along the direction of medium flow, making the endplate flow channel 11 gradually narrower and longer.
  • the outer port 131 is centered in the length direction of the inner port 121, so that the guide slope 111 is inclined along the width direction of the inner port 121, which facilitates the guidance of the gas-liquid medium entering the endplate flow channel 11.
  • the flow guiding slope 111 can be a smooth curved surface.
  • the flow guiding slope 111 is provided on the side wall of the end plate channel 11 facing the center of the end plate body 1.
  • the side wall of the end plate channel 11 facing the edge of the end plate body 1 is a plane.
  • the guide ramp 111 By setting the guide ramp 111 as a smooth curved surface, the resistance when the gas-liquid medium collides with the guide ramp 111 is reduced. It is understood that the flow channel cavity is generally set on the periphery of the fuel cell to reduce space occupation. By setting the guide ramp 111 on the side wall of the end plate flow channel 11 facing the center of the end plate body 1, the flow channel cavity corresponding to the inner port 121 can be closer to the periphery of the fuel cell, and the connection of the manifold 2 on the outer end face 13 of the stack end plate is facilitated.
  • the flow guiding slope 111 can be connected to the inner port 121 and the outer port 131 via a circular arc surface transition. By providing a circular arc surface transition connection, flow resistance is reduced.
  • the flow guiding slope 111 extends inward from the outer port 131 and is connected to the inner port 121 via an arc surface transition.
  • the arc surface transition connection reduces flow resistance.
  • the outer port 131 can be a composite shape of a semi-circular arc and a rectangle, and the inner port 121 can be rectangular.
  • the semi-circular arc portion of the outer port 131 is located on one side near the center of the end plate body 1.
  • the rectangular side of the outer port 131 is connected to one side plane of the inner port 121.
  • the end of the flow guide slope 111 near the outer port 131 is connected to the semi-circular arc edge of the outer port 131.
  • the four side walls of the end plate flow channel 11 near the inner port 121 can all be planar.
  • the flow guide slope 111 and the side wall near the inner port 121 are connected by a circular arc surface to reduce flow resistance.
  • the height of the guide slope 111 is h2
  • the dimension of the guide slope 111 in the width direction of the inner port 121 is d6, which satisfies:
  • a lower slope of the guide slope 111 results in greater flow resistance, but it is beneficial for the size design of the outer port 131, allowing for a larger flow guiding area within a limited height range.
  • a higher slope of the guide slope 111 results in lower flow resistance, but a smaller coverage area, also leading to a smaller flow guiding area within a limited height range.
  • h2/d6 The value range of h2/d6 is [0.4, 0.6].
  • h2/d6 can take the values of 0.4, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47, 0.5, 0.52, 0.55, 0.57, 0.6 or other ratios between 0.4 and 0.6. No specific limit is imposed here.
  • At least two flow dividers 112 may be provided. At least two flow dividers 112 may be provided at one end of the end plate flow channel 11 near the inner port 121 and spaced apart along the length direction of the inner port 121 to divide the inner port 121 into multiple inlet ports distributed along the length direction.
  • multiple flow channel cavities are generally provided.
  • the inner section is divided into multiple inlet ports distributed along its length direction.
  • the multiple inlet ports can be connected to the multiple flow channel cavities respectively.
  • the number of flow dividers 112 is not limited here; there can be two, three, four, or more, depending on the overall design plan of the fuel cell stack.
  • the end of the flow divider 112 near the outer port 131 is spaced apart from the outer port 131. Positioning the flow divider 112 near the inner port 121 ensures that the fluid is only divided when approaching the inner port 121, thus reducing mixing and interference within the endplate channel 11 and resulting in more uniform flow distribution. Furthermore, by spaced the flow divider 112 from the outer port 131, the medium has more space for acceleration and stabilization within the endplate channel 11, reducing pressure loss. The medium only encounters resistance when flowing near the inner port 121, allowing for better utilization of its kinetic energy. This also makes the flow path within the endplate channel 11 more rational, helping to optimize the flow state, reduce eddies and turbulence, and thus improve the efficiency and stability of the entire system.
  • the two diversion ribs 112 divide the inner port 121 into three inlet ports distributed along the length direction of the end plate body 1.
  • the flow resistance of the middle inlet is relatively smaller.
  • the size of the inlets at both ends By setting the size of the inlets at both ends to be the same, the flow rates of the two inlets at both ends are relatively consistent.
  • the size of the middle inlet By setting the size of the middle inlet to be smaller than the size of the inlets at both ends, the flow rate of the middle inlet is limited while the flow resistance of the middle inlet is smaller, thus ensuring that the flow rate of the middle inlet is relatively consistent with the flow rates of the inlets at both ends.
  • the following condition can be met: 1.1 ⁇ d1/d2 ⁇ 1.3.
  • d1/d2 The value range of d1/d2 is [1.1, 1.3].
  • d1/d2 can take the values of 1.1, 1.12, 1.15, 1.17, 1.2, 1.22, 1.25, 1.27, 1.3 or other values between 1.1 and 1.3, without any specific limitation here.
  • the spacing between the two diversion ribs 112 can increase along the direction of medium flow.
  • the spacing between the two diversion ribs 112 near the outer port 131 is d4, and the length of the outer port 131 is d5, which can satisfy: 0.2 ⁇ d4/d5 ⁇ 0.3.
  • the spacing between the two flow splitting ribs 112 is set to increase along the direction of medium flow, that is, from the outer port 131 to the inner port 121, so that the cross-sectional dimensions of the three flow splitting cavities defined by the flow splitting ribs 112 are relatively average in the direction of medium flow.
  • the flow divider 112 is arc-shaped to reduce flow resistance and match the overall shape design of the end plate flow channel 11.
  • the flow rate entering the middle flow channel cavity and the two side flow channel cavities is reasonably distributed.
  • d4/d5 The value range of d4/d5 is [0.2, 0.3].
  • d4/d5 can take the values of 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3 or other values between 0.2 and 0.3. No specific limitation is made here.
  • the total length of the flow section of the inner port 121 is d1+d2+d3, and the length of the outer port 131 is d5, which can satisfy d5/(d1+d2+d3) ⁇ 0.5.
  • the height of the diversion rib 112 is h1
  • the thickness of the end plate body 1 is H, which can satisfy: 0.3 ⁇ h1/H ⁇ 0.6.
  • the flow divider 112 is spaced apart from the outer port 131 of the end plate. By limiting the ratio of the height of the flow divider 112 to the thickness of the end plate body 1, it is ensured that the medium has enough distance to accelerate and stabilize after entering the end plate flow channel 11. This can reduce pressure loss and improve the uniformity of flow distribution, as well as the uniformity of medium flow rate in each flow channel cavity.
  • h1/H The value range of h1/H is [0.3, 0.6].
  • h1/H can take the values of 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6 or other values between 0.3 and 0.6, without any specific limitation.
  • the fuel cell stack end plate further includes a manifold 2.
  • the manifold 2 is installed on the outer end face 13 of the end plate body 1.
  • the manifold 2 has a manifold flow channel 21. Different surfaces of the manifold 2 form an end plate interface 22 and a pipe interface 23 that communicate with the manifold flow channel 21.
  • the pipe interface 23 has a different shape from the end plate interface 22.
  • the end plate interface 22 communicates with the outer port 131 and has the same shape.
  • the manifold flow channel 21 and the end plate flow channel 11 communicate to jointly form a transfer flow channel.
  • the end plate body 1 and manifold 2 can be designed as a single integrated component for the transfer flow channel.
  • the transfer flow channel can then be further divided into the end plate flow channel 11 within the end plate body 1 and the manifold flow channel 21 within the manifold 2. This increases the design space for the transfer flow channel.
  • the size of the manifold 2 is generally not considered, thus the flow channel of the manifold 2 will not increase the size of the fuel cell stack. Because part of the transfer flow channel is designed within the manifold 2, the length of the end plate flow channel 11 can be compressed, and the thickness of the end plate body 1 can be thinner, thereby controlling the size of the fuel cell stack.
  • the manifold flow channel 21 can be reused in the system piping design. Compared to designing the flow channels within the end plate body 1 and the pipe fittings separately, this application can ensure relatively consistent gas-liquid parameters during fuel cell stack testing and system testing, resulting in more accurate fuel cell stack test results, improved production and development efficiency, and enhanced product quality.
  • this design can effectively guide and distribute the gas-liquid medium entering the fuel cell.
  • the connection between the manifold flow channel 21 and the endplate flow channel 11 forms a transfer flow channel, which helps to achieve a more uniform and efficient distribution, thereby improving the overall performance of the fuel cell.
  • a sealing element is provided between the end plate body 1 and the manifold 2 to ensure the sealing of the connection surface between the end plate body 1 and the manifold 2.
  • the pipe interface 23 can be circular, and the diameter of the pipe interface 23 is D, which can satisfy 0.4 ⁇ d4/D ⁇ 0.6.
  • Figure 5 shows the original scheme of the endplate flow channel.
  • the overall stack pressure drop of the fuel cell stack decreases by 7.2 kPa, thereby improving the reaction efficiency and output power of the fuel cell and improving the overall energy efficiency ratio.
  • the specific flow non-uniformity reflects the distribution of the flow in the three chambers.
  • the specific flow non-uniformity (absolute value) of the three flow channels in the core is lower, and the flow distribution in the three flow channels is more uniform. Reflected on the whole stack, the overall stack flow non-uniformity decreases by 1-2 percentage points, the core fluid distribution is better, and the consistency of stack performance is better.
  • the vehicle provided according to the embodiments of this application can improve the overall performance and operational stability of the vehicle by using a fuel cell stack of any of the above technical solutions.
  • first,” “second,” etc. used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first,” “second,” etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more.
  • “and/or” indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/” generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • first feature and “second feature” may include one or more of the features.
  • first feature being “above” or “below” the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact through another feature between them.
  • the terms “above,” “over,” and “on top” for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.
  • references to terms such as “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “illustrative embodiment,” “example,” “specific example,” or “some examples,” etc. indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application.
  • the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

一种电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆，属于燃料电池技术领域。电堆端板包括端板本体（1），端板本体（1）内设有贯通的端板流道（11），以在端板的两个端面上分别形成内端口（121）和外端口（131），内端口（121）与外端口（131）在端板的厚度方向上的投影有不重叠区域，内端口（121）的长宽比大于外端口（131）的长宽比，端板流道的侧壁在不重叠区域设有与外端口相对的导流斜面（111），端板流道内设有沿介质流动方向延伸的分流筋（112）。

Description

电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请实施例基于申请号为CN202411030706.2、申请日为2024年07月30日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请实施例作为参考。
技术领域
本申请属于燃料电池技术领域，尤其涉及一种电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆。
 背景技术
一般燃料电池电堆的功率增大时，气体流道和冷却液流道的口径需求明显增大，受到端板短边尺寸限制将流道布置在端板的端板无法满足需求，一般选择四周分布式流道，但流道的长宽比明显增大，需要将流道分隔为多个流道腔，因而出现的如何降低流阻以及如何控制各个流道腔的均匀分配成为亟需解决的问题。
 发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆，使通过电堆端板进入到电堆内的气液介质在较低压损的情况下分配更加均匀，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电堆端板，所述电堆端板包括端板本体，所述端板本体内设有贯通的端板流道，以在所述端板的两个端面上分别形成内端口和外端口，所述内端口与所述外端口在所述端板的厚度方向上的投影有不重叠区域，所述内端口的长宽比大于所述外端口的长宽比，所述端板流道的侧壁在所述不重叠区域设有与所述外端口相对的导流斜面，所述端板流道内设有沿介质流动方向延伸的分流筋。
根据本申请的电堆端板，为满足大功率燃料电池的用气量和冷却需求，内端口相比于外端口更为狭长，通过设置导流斜面以及分流筋，以使通过电堆端板进入到电堆内的介质在较低压损的情况下分配更加均匀，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种燃料电池电堆，包括如第一方面中任一技术方案所述的电堆端板。
根据本申请的燃料电池电堆，通过使用如第一方面的电堆端板，以便于实现功率的增大，并且因为流道腔分配更均匀，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥，提高燃料电池电堆的工作效率。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种车辆，包括如第二方面所述的燃料电池电堆，所述燃料电池电堆用于给所述车辆提供电能。
根据本申请的车辆，通过使用如第二方面的燃料电池电堆，以提高车辆综合性能以及运行的稳定性。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
 附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请实施例提供的电堆端板的结构示意图；
图2是图1中A-A处的剖面结构示意图；
图3是图1中B-B处的剖面结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的电堆端板的局部结构示意图；
图5是端板流道的原始方案的结构示意图之一。
附图标记：
1、端板本体；11、端板流道；111、导流斜面；112、分流筋；12、内端面；121、内端口；122、密封槽；13、外端面；131、外端口；2、歧管；21、歧管流道；22、端板接口；23、管接口。
 本发明的实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchangemembrane fuel cell,PEMFC)是一种把燃料中的化学能直接转换成电能的发电装置，其具有工作温度低、启动快、比功率高、结构简单和操作方便等优点，因此燃料电池被广泛地应用于汽车行业、能源发电、船舶工业、航空航天、家用电源等行业。
双极板和膜电极是燃料电池堆中的重要组成部分，双极板用于分配燃料、导电和支撑膜电极，膜电极是电化学反应发生的场所，一个燃料电池又称为单电池，为了提高整个燃料电池的输出功率，通常会将多个单电池通过串联的方式层叠组合起来，从而组装形成燃料电池电堆。端板分为进气端端板和盲端端板，分别位于燃料电池电堆的两端，与其他紧固件一起发挥传递电堆紧固压力的作用。端板与集流板相连，端板也具备电堆密封和绝缘的作用，此外，与进气歧管一侧相连的进气端端板还承担着电堆反应气体和冷却液分配的功能。
为了保证电堆性能的发挥，进气端端板流道低流阻、分配均匀性等的设计显得尤为重要。相关技术中，燃料电池电堆端板的气液流道管口布置在端板的两个短边上，这种布置方式具有流道结构简单、压损小、密封区面积小等优点。当燃料电池电堆的功率增大时，空气流道管口和冷却液流道管口的流通面积需求明显增大。受到端板短边尺寸的限制，在进气端端板两个短边上布置气液流道的方式就不在适用，此时就需要在端板的长边上布置流道口，气液流道沿进气端端板的周侧呈四周分布式以满足电堆功率的要求。而改设置方式会使流道的长宽比明显增大，气液介质由管道进入端板后流阻较大，且为了保证反应气体或者冷却液均匀进入电堆从而保证电堆性能的一致性，一般需要将流道分割为多个流道腔，各流道腔的流量难以保证均匀性。因而出现的如何降低流阻以及如何控制各个流道腔的均匀分配成为亟需解决的问题。
基于上述考虑，本申请提出一种电堆端板，该电堆端板应用于进气端端板，使通过电堆端板进入到电堆内的气液介质在较低压损的情况下分配更加均匀，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥。
下面参考图1-图4描述根据本申请实施例的电堆端板。
请参阅图1、图2和图3，本申请实施例的电堆端板包括端板本体1，所述端板本体1内设有贯通的端板流道11，以在所述端板的两个端面上分别形成内端口121和外端口131，所述内端口121与所述外端口131在所述端板的厚度方向上的投影有不重叠区域，所述内端口121的长宽比大于所述外端口131的长宽比，所述端板流道11的侧壁在所述不重叠区域设有与所述外端口131相对的导流斜面111，所述端板流道11内设有沿介质流动方向延伸的分流筋112。
可以理解的是，端板的两个端面分别为靠近堆芯的内端面12以及远离堆芯的外端面13，端板流道11沿端板本体1的厚度方向贯穿，以在内端面12上形成用于与燃料电池电堆内部流道腔连通的内端口121，以及在外端面13上形成用于与外部管道连通的外端口131。
其中，内端口121的长宽比大于外端口131的长宽比，因为燃料电池电堆内部流道腔沿端板的周侧呈四周式分布，以使流道腔的横截面一般呈狭长形状，以在保证流量的同时减少空间占用，因此内端口121的长宽比一般较大；而外部管道一般为圆管，为便于外端口131与外部管道连接，因此外端口131的长宽比一般较小，从而使内端口121与外端口131的形状不同。可以理解的是，为便于内端口121与外端口131的形状变化，内端口121与外端口131的长度方向相同。
在此需要说明的是，图2中标识的长度方向是指图示中端板流道11所对应的内端口121和外端口131的宽度方向，图3中标识的宽度方向是指图示中端板流道11所对应的内端口121和外端口131的长度方向，而非端板本体1的长度方向和宽度方向。
内端口121与外端口131的形状不同，并且内端口121与外端口131在端板的厚度方向上有至少部分错位设置，以缩小内端口121与外端口131的尺寸差距，通过在端板流道11的侧壁在不重叠区域设置与外端口131相对的导流斜面111，也即由外端口131一侧可以看到导流斜面111，使气液介质由外端口131进入到端板流道11内后，会有至少部分与导流斜面111接触，导流斜面111可以起一定导流作用，以在端板流道11的截面变化过程中，降低流阻。
需要说明的是，分流筋112与燃料电池内部的同一介质的多个流道腔之间的分隔件对应，以通过在端板流道11内设置分流筋112，使端板流道11内的气液介质分流进入不同流道腔，提高各个流道腔内流量的均匀性，并且流阻低。
需要进一步说明的是，端板流道11可以为冷却介质进流道、冷却介质出流道、空气进流道、空气出流道、氢气进流道以及氢气出流道中的一种，具体不做限定。
根据本申请实施例的电堆端板，为满足大功率燃料电池的用气量和冷却需求，内端口121相比于外端口131更为狭长，通过设置导流斜面111以及分流筋112，以使通过电堆端板进入到电堆内的介质在较低压损的情况下分配更加均匀，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥。
在一些实施例中，端板本体1可以为铝塑材料制成，端板本体1为铝合金材料，保证端板的结构强度，端板本体1内的端板流道11的侧壁部分为塑料材质，保证绝缘性和安全性能。并且端板流道11内设有分流筋112，无需额外设置均流板。本申请的电堆端板既可以起到保证燃料电池结构强度，还可以供介质流通，保证绝缘，因此本申请的电堆端板可以为壳体端板、进气端板、绝缘端板的三合一设计，减少了燃料电池系统所需的独立部件数量。这不仅简化了系统布局和组装过程，还有助于降低潜在的泄漏风险和维护成本。
请参阅图2和图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述端板流道11在所述内端口121的宽度方向上的尺寸可以沿介质流通的方向呈减小趋势，所述端板流道11在所述内端口121的长度方向上的尺寸可以沿介质流通的方向呈增加趋势，以使所述导流斜面111沿所述内端口121的宽度方向倾斜。
需要说明的是，为满足大功率燃料电池的需求，外部管道的管径一般也较大，以保证气液介质的流量，而端板流道11为适配大流量，外端口131的尺寸也较大，因此外端口131的宽度方向的尺寸大于内端口121的宽度方向上的尺寸，并且外端口131的长度方向上的尺寸小于内端口121的长度方向上的尺寸。
从而端板流道11在内端口121的宽度方向上的尺寸沿介质流通的方向呈减小趋势，在内端口121的长度方向沿介质流通的方向呈增加趋势，端板流道11逐渐变得狭长。可以理解的是，为提高各个流道腔的均匀性，外端口131在内端口121的长度方向上居中设置，以使导流斜面111沿内端口121的宽度方向倾斜设置，便于对进入端板流道11的气液介质导流。
请参阅图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导流斜面111可以为平顺的曲面，所述导流斜面111设于所述端板流道11朝向靠近所述端板本体1的中心的侧壁，所述端板流道11朝向所述端板本体1的边缘的侧壁为平面。
通过将导流斜面111设置为平顺的曲面，以减少气液介质与导流斜面111撞击时的阻力。可以理解的是，流道腔一般设置在燃料电池的周侧以减小空间占用，通过将导流斜面111设置在端板流道11朝向靠近端板本体1的中心的侧壁，以使内端口121所对应的流道腔可以更靠近燃料电池的周缘，并且方便电堆端板的外端面13上的歧管2的连接。
通过将端板流道11朝向端板本体1的边缘的侧壁设置为平面，以减小流阻，可以理解的是，该平面为沿端板的厚度方向延伸。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导流斜面111与所述内端口121和所述外端口131可以通过圆弧面过渡连接。通过设置圆弧面过渡连接，以降低流阻。
请参阅图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导流斜面111由所述外端口131向内延伸且与所述内端口121通过圆弧面过渡连接。通过设置圆弧面过渡连接，以降低流阻。
示例性地，外端口131可以为半圆弧和矩形复合形状，内端口121可以呈矩形设置，其中，外端口131的半圆弧部分位于靠近端板本体1的中心的一侧，外端口131矩形侧的侧边与内端口121的一个侧边平面连接，导流斜面111靠近外端口131的一端与外端口131的半圆弧边连接，端板流道11靠近内端口121一端的四个侧壁均可以呈平面设置，导流斜面111与靠近内端口121的侧壁之间通过圆弧面过渡连接，以降低流阻。
请参阅图2，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述导流斜面111的高度为h2，所述导流斜面111在所述内端口121的宽度方向上的尺寸为d6，可以满足：
0.4≤h2/d6≤0.6。
可以理解的是，导流斜面111的斜率越低则流阻越大，但是有利于外端口131的尺寸设计，在有限的高度范围内导流面积大；导流斜面111的斜率越大则流阻越低，但是覆盖面积小，在有限的高度范围内导流面积小。通过限定导流斜面111的高度与导流斜面111的宽度的比值，以在较低流阻的情况下，尽可能增加导流面积，便于外端口131和内端口121的形状设计，提高导流效果。
其中，h2/d6的取值范围是[0.4,0.6]，示例性的，h2/d6可以取值为0.4、0.42、0.45、0.47、0.5、0.52、0.55、0.57、0.6或者0.4-0.6之间的其他比值，具体在此不做限定。
请参阅图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述分流筋112可以设有至少两个，至少两个所述分流筋112可以设于所述端板流道11靠近所述内端口121的一端并沿所述内端口121的长度方向间隔设置，以将所述内端口121分为沿长度方向分布的多个入堆口。
在端板的长边的流通截面的长度尺寸较大时，一般设有多个流道腔，通过设置多个分流筋112，以将内扣段分为沿其长度方向分布的多个入堆口，多个入堆口可以分别与多个流道腔对应连接。
需要说明的是，分流筋112的数量在此不做限定，可以有两个、三个、四个或者四个以上的数量，可以根据燃料电池电堆的整体设计规划。
如图3所示，在一些实施例中，分流筋112靠近外端口131的一端与外端口131间隔设置。将分流筋112设置在靠近内端口121处，可以确保流体在接近内端口121时才被分割，这样可以减少流体在端板流道11内的混合和干扰，从而使得分流更加均匀。并且，通过将分流筋112与外端口131间隔设置，以使介质在端板流道11内有更多的空间进行加速和稳定，可以减少压力损失，介质在流动到接近内端口121时才遇到阻碍，使介质的动能得到更好的利用。并且可以使介质在端板流道11内的流动路径更加合理，有助于优化介质的流动状态，减少涡流和湍流的产生，从而提高整个系统的效率和稳定性。
请参阅图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述分流筋112可以设有两个，两个所述分流筋112将所述内端口121分为沿所述端板本体1的长度方向分布的三个所述入堆口，其中，位于两端的所述入堆口的长度分别为d1和d3，位于中间的所述入堆口的长度为d2，可以满足：d1=d3>d2。
可以理解的是，因为位于中间的入堆口与外端口131正对，因此位于中间的入堆口的流阻相对更小，通过设置两端的入堆口的尺寸相同，以使两端的两个入堆口的流量相对一致，通过设置中间入堆口的尺寸小于两端入堆口的尺寸，以在中间入堆口的流阻较小的情况下限制中间入堆口的流量，确保中间入堆口的流量与位于两端的入堆口的流量相对一致。
在一些实施例中，可以满足：1.1≤d1/d2≤1.3。通过限定两端的入堆口的长度与位于中间的入堆口的长度的比值范围，以确保三个入堆口的流量的均匀性。
其中，d1/d2的取值范围是[1.1,1.3]，示例性的，d1/d2可以取值为1.1、1.12、1.15、1.17、1.2、1.22、1.25、1.27、1.3或者1.1-1.3之间的其他数值，在此不做具体限定。
请参阅图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，两个所述分流筋112的间距可以沿介质流动方向呈增加趋势，两个所述分流筋112靠近所述外端口131的间距为d4，所述外端口131的长度尺寸为d5，可以满足：0.2≤d4/d5≤0.3。
因为内端口121的长度大于外端口131的长度，为提高分流的均匀性，设置两个分流筋112的间距沿介质流动方向呈增加趋势，也即由外端口131到内端口121的方向呈增加趋势，以使分流筋112所限定出的三个分流腔在介质流动方向上的横截面尺寸相对平均。
其中，分流筋112为弧形设置，以减小流阻并且匹配整个端板流道11的造型设计。
通过限定分流筋112靠近外端口131的间距与外端口131的长度的尺寸比例，从而合理分配进入到中间流道腔和两侧流道腔的流量。
其中，d4/d5的取值范围是[0.2,0.3]，示例性的，d4/d5可以取值为0.2、0.21、0.22、0.23、0.24、0.25、0.26、0.27、0.28、0.29、0.3或者0.2-0.3之间的其他数值，在此不做具体限定。
请参阅图3，在一些实施例中，内端口121的流通截面的总长度为d1+d2+d3，外端口131的长度为d5，可以满足d5/（d1+d2+d3）≥0.5。
通过限定外端口131与内端口121的长度的比值不小于0.5，有利于降低流阻，并且有利于提高流量分配的均匀性，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥。
请参阅图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，所述分流筋112的高度为h1，所述端板本体1的厚度为H，可以满足：0.3≤h1/H≤0.6。
分流筋112与端板的外端口131间隔设置，通过限定分流筋112的高度与端板本体1的厚度的比例，以确保介质进入到端板流道11后有足够的距离进行加速和稳定，可以减少压力损失，并且提高分流的均匀性，提高各个流道腔内介质流量的均匀性。
其中，h1/H的取值范围是[0.3,0.6]，示例性的，h1/H可以取值为0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6或者0.3-0.6之间的其他数值，在此不做具体限定。
请参阅图1、图2和图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，电堆端板还包括歧管2，所述歧管2安装于所述端板本体1的外端面13，所述歧管2内设有歧管流道21，所述歧管2的不同表面形成与所述歧管流道21连通的端板接口22和管接口23，所述管接口23与所述端板接口22的形状不同，所述端板接口22与所述外端口131连通且形状相同，所述歧管流道21和所述端板流道11连通以共同组成转移流道。
由于端板接口22和管接口23的形状不同，这种设计允许进气端板与外部管道系统灵活连接。可以理解的是，外部管线一般均为圆管，而堆芯内的流道形状根据实际堆芯的需求设计最终千变万化，因此要将圆形的流通截面转接到堆芯的流道上，为尽可能减少流阻，提高堆芯性能，需要保证整个转移流道设计的合理性。
在设计生产时，可以将端板本体1和歧管2作为一体式零件来同时设计转移流道，再将转移流道拆分为端板本体1内的端板流道11以及歧管2内的歧管流道21，增加了转移设计的设计空间，并且在考虑电堆整体尺寸时，一般不考虑歧管2的尺寸，从而歧管2的流道不会引起电堆尺寸的增大，并且因为部分转移流道设计在歧管2内，端板流道11的长度可以压缩，端板本体1的厚度可以更薄，从而控制电堆的尺寸。并且在电堆应用到整个系统上时，歧管流道21可以在系统管路设计时沿用，相比于单独设计端板本体1内的流道和管接头的流道，本申请可以保证电堆测试和系统测试时气液参数相对一致，使电堆测试的结果更准确，提高生产开发效率，提高产品质量。
通过在端板本体1上集成设置歧管2，并设置与歧管流道21连通的端板接口22和管接口23，这种设计可以有效地引导和分配进入燃料电池的气液介质，歧管流道21和端板流道11的连通共同组成了一个转移流道，有助于实现更均匀、更高效的分布，从而提高燃料电池的整体性能。
在一些实施例中，端板本体1与歧管2之间设有密封件，确保端板本体1与歧管2的连接面的密封性。
请参阅图2和图3，在一些实施例中，管接口23可以为圆形，管接口23的直径为D，可以满足0.4≤d4/D≤0.6。
管接口23可以有至少部分与分流筋112的靠近外端口131的一端对应，通过限定分流筋112靠近外端口131一端的间距与管接口23的直径的比值，以提高流量分配的均匀性。
其中，d4/D的取值范围是[0.4,0.6]，示例性地，d4/D可以取值为0.4、0.45、0.5、0.55、0.6或者0.4-0.6之间的其他数值，在此不做具体限定。
请参阅图2图3和图4，在一些实施例中，端板本体1的内端面12上可以设有密封槽122，密封槽122环绕内端口121设置。因为本方案中无需设置均流板，因此密封槽122只需密封内端口121区域，减小端板本体1与集流板之间的密封区域，缩小集流板与介质接触面积，降低集流板的耐腐蚀性要求，降低生产成本，提高产品耐用性。
本申请实施例还提供一种燃料电池电堆，包括如上述中任一技术方案所述的电堆端板。
需要说明的是，该电堆端板为燃料电池电堆的进气端板。因为本申请实施例的燃料电池端板包括上述中任一技术方案所述的电堆端板，因此具有上述中任一技术方案所述的电堆端板的技术特征和技术效果，在此不做赘述。
请参阅表1和图5，图5中为端板流道的原始方案，根据本申请实施例提供的电堆端板，与图5中不设置导流斜面的原始方案相比，整个燃料电池电堆的整堆压损下降7.2kPa，从而提高燃料电池的反应效率和输出功率，提高整体能效比。其中，比流量不均匀度反映了三腔流量的分配性，堆芯的三个流道腔比流量不均匀度（的绝对值）均更低，三个流道腔内的流量分配更均匀，反应到整堆上，整堆的流量不均匀度下降了1-2个百分点，堆芯流体分配更好，电堆性能的一致性更好。
根据本申请实施例提供的燃料电池电堆，通过使用如上述任一技术方案的电堆端板，以便于实现功率的增大，并且因为流道腔分配更均匀，有利于电堆性能一致性的发挥，提高燃料电池电堆的工作效率。
本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，包括如上述任一技术方案的燃料电池电堆，所述燃料电池电堆用于给所述车辆提供电能。
需要说明的是，因为本申请实施例的车辆包括上述中任一技术方案所述的燃料电池电堆，因此具有上述中任一技术方案所述的燃料电池电堆的技术特征和技术效果，在此不做赘述。
根据本申请实施例提供的车辆，通过使用如上述任一技术方案的燃料电池电堆，可以提高车辆综合性能以及运行的稳定性。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施，且“第一”、“第二”等所区分的对象通常为一类，并不限定对象的个数，例如第一对象可以是一个，也可以是多个。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，“第一特征”、“第二特征”可以包括一个或者更多个该特征。
在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，第一特征在第二特征“之上”或“之下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。
在本申请的描述中，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电堆端板，所述电堆端板包括端板本体，所述端板本体内设有贯通的端板流道，以在所述端板的两个端面上分别形成内端口和外端口，所述内端口与所述外端口在所述端板的厚度方向上的投影有不重叠区域，所述内端口的长宽比大于所述外端口的长宽比，所述端板流道的侧壁在所述不重叠区域设有与所述外端口相对的导流斜面，所述端板流道内设有沿介质流动方向延伸的分流筋。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电堆端板，所述端板流道在所述内端口的宽度方向上的尺寸沿介质流通的方向呈减小趋势，所述端板流道在所述内端口的长度方向上的尺寸沿介质流通的方向呈增加趋势，以使所述导流斜面沿所述内端口的宽度方向倾斜。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电堆端板，所述导流斜面为平顺的曲面，所述导流斜面设于所述端板流道朝向靠近所述端板本体的中心的侧壁，所述端板流道朝向所述端板本体的边缘的侧壁为平面；和/或，
    所述导流斜面与所述内端口和所述外端口通过圆弧面过渡连接，或者所述导流斜面由所述外端口向内延伸且与所述内端口通过圆弧面过渡连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电堆端板，所述导流斜面的高度为h2，所述导流斜面在所述内端口的宽度方向上的尺寸为d6，满足：
    0.4≤h2/d6≤0.6。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电堆端板，所述分流筋设有至少两个，至少两个所述分流筋设于所述端板流道靠近所述内端口的一端并沿所述内端口的长度方向间隔设置，以将所述内端口分为沿长度方向分布的多个入堆口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电堆端板，所述分流筋设有两个，两个所述分流筋将所述内端口分为沿所述端板本体的长度方向分布的三个所述入堆口，其中，位于两端的所述入堆口的长度分别为d1和d3，位于中间的所述入堆口的长度为d2，满足：
    d1=d3>d2。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电堆端板，两个所述分流筋的间距沿介质流动方向呈增加趋势，两个所述分流筋靠近所述外端口的间距为d4，所述外端口的长度尺寸为d5，满足：
    0.2≤d4/d5≤0.3；和/或，
    所述分流筋的高度为h1，所述端板本体的厚度为H，满足：
    0.3≤h1/H≤0.6。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电堆端板，还包括歧管，所述歧管安装于所述端板本体的外端面，所述歧管内设有歧管流道，所述歧管的不同表面形成与所述歧管流道连通的端板接口和管接口，所述管接口与所述端板接口的形状不同，所述端板接口与所述外端口连通且形状相同，所述歧管流道和所述端板流道连通以共同组成转移流道。
  9. 一种燃料电池电堆，包括如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电堆端板。
  10. 一种车辆，包括如权利要求9所述的燃料电池电堆，所述燃料电池电堆用于给所述车辆提供电能。
PCT/CN2024/138122 2024-07-30 2024-12-10 电堆端板、燃料电池电堆和车辆 Pending WO2026025762A1 (zh)

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