WO2026017159A1 - 一种光伏组件 - Google Patents

一种光伏组件

Info

Publication number
WO2026017159A1
WO2026017159A1 PCT/CN2025/109377 CN2025109377W WO2026017159A1 WO 2026017159 A1 WO2026017159 A1 WO 2026017159A1 CN 2025109377 W CN2025109377 W CN 2025109377W WO 2026017159 A1 WO2026017159 A1 WO 2026017159A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic module
electrical
connector
area
insulating layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/109377
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵德宝
孟勃
章玲
李广
陈军
童洪波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Longi Green Energy Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026017159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026017159A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/85—Protective back sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic module.
  • This application provides a photovoltaic module that aims to partially or completely solve the problem in existing photovoltaic modules where space needs to be reserved in the middle and both sides of the entire cell for welding busbars, resulting in underutilization of the space and light-receiving area on the front of the module. To solve the above-mentioned technical problem, this application achieves the following:
  • a photovoltaic module comprising: a plurality of battery strings and an electrical connector; the electrical connector is disposed on the back side of the battery strings, and the electrical connector at least partially overlaps with the battery cells at the end of the battery strings; the electrical connector has an insulating layer on the side facing the battery cells; the electrical connector and the corresponding battery cells are electrically connected by electrical components, and along a direction perpendicular to the back side of the battery strings, the orthographic projection area of the connection portion between the electrical connector and the electrical components is a first area, the orthographic projection area of the electrical connector is a second area, and the ratio of the first area to the second area is greater than or equal to 0.8 or less than or equal to 0.2.
  • the plurality of electrical connectors include a first connector and a second connector; the first connector is disposed near the center of the photovoltaic module and connects at least two oppositely disposed battery strings; the second connector is disposed near both sides of the photovoltaic module and connects at least two adjacent battery strings.
  • first connectors which are arranged sequentially at intervals, with the spacing between two adjacent first connectors being 6mm-16mm.
  • the second connector is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple second connectors are arranged sequentially at intervals, with the distance between two adjacent second connectors being 1mm-10mm.
  • the spacing between two adjacent battery strings is D1
  • the spacing between two adjacent cells in the battery string is D2, satisfying: 0mm ⁇
  • the spacing between two adjacent cell strings is D1, which satisfies: 0mm ⁇ D1 ⁇ 5mm;
  • the spacing between two adjacent cells in the cell string is D2, satisfying: 0mm ⁇
  • the length of the insulating layer is greater than or equal to the length of the electrical connector
  • the width of the insulating layer is greater than or equal to the width of the electrical connector
  • the insulating layer is provided with one or more.
  • the electrical component is formed by a conductive layer disposed on the back plate of the photovoltaic module, the back plate being disposed on the side of the electrical connector opposite to the battery string; the electrical connector is connected to the conductive layer, and an electrical connection portion is provided on the back of the battery cell, the electrical connection portion being electrically connected to the conductive layer.
  • the projected area of the insulating layer is a third area, and the ratio of the first area to the third area is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0.
  • the back of the battery string is provided with a plurality of electrical components
  • the insulating layer is provided with a plurality of openings, wherein the electrical components at the openings are electrically connected to the electrical connectors.
  • the projected area of the insulating layer is a third area, and the ratio of the first area to the third area is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.18.
  • the insulating layer includes a plurality of spaced-apart insulating portions, with the opening formed between two adjacent insulating portions; and/or, along the length of the photovoltaic module, at least one side of the insulating layer is provided with a plurality of the openings.
  • the openings on both sides of the insulating layer are aligned or staggered.
  • the electrical connector located near the center of the photovoltaic module is a first connector; the cells on both sides of the first connector are provided with a first electrical component and a second electrical component with opposite conductivity types, the first connector is connected to the first electrical component at the opening, and the second electrical component is disconnected from the first connector;
  • the distance between the two first electrical components located on both sides of the first connector is d1
  • the width of the electrical connector is D3
  • the width of the insulating layer is D4, satisfying: d1 ⁇ D3 ⁇ D4.
  • the ratio of the distance d1 between the two first electrical components located on both sides of the first connector to the width D4 of the insulating layer is greater than a preset value.
  • the electrical connector by placing the electrical connector on the back of the battery string, the electrical connector at least partially overlaps with the corresponding battery cell, and an insulating layer is provided on the side of the electrical connector facing the battery cell.
  • the projected area of the connection portion between the electrical connector and the battery cell is a first area
  • the projected area of the electrical connector is a second area.
  • the ratio of the first area to the second area is greater than or equal to 0.8 or less than or equal to 0.2. This ensures insulation between the electrical connector and the battery cell while avoiding the impact of the electrical connector on the arrangement of multiple battery strings, resulting in a more compact photovoltaic module structure. This allows for full utilization of the front area of the photovoltaic module, improving its efficiency.
  • both the connection performance between the electrical connector and the battery cell and the insulating layer's role in insulation between the electrical connector and the battery cell are considered.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a photovoltaic module in the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a front view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part A circled in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part B circled in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module in Figure 6 at the connection between the cell string and the electrical connector.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between an electrical connector and an electrical component according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another connection structure between an electrical connector and an electrical component according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between an electrical connector and an electrical component according to an embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 11 is a structural schematic diagram of an electrical connector according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 12 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the electrical connector at the weld joint according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 13 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the electrical connector at the weld joint according to an embodiment of this application.
  • first and second in the specification and claims of this application may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • multiple means two or more.
  • and/or in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/” generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components.
  • multiple solar cells 101 are connected in series to form a cell string 100, and then the multiple cell strings 100 are arranged to form a complete cell layer.
  • areas for welding busbars 102 need to be reserved in the middle and on both sides of the complete cell layer to accommodate the busbars 102.
  • the busbars 102 and the cell strings need to be staggered by a certain distance.
  • this application provides a photovoltaic module.
  • a photovoltaic module includes: a plurality of battery strings 100 and electrical connectors 200 (including a first connector 210 in Figure 3 and a second connector 220 in Figure 4); the electrical connectors 200 are disposed on the back side of the battery strings 100 (i.e., at least the backlight side), and the electrical connectors 200 at least partially overlap with the corresponding battery cells 101; an insulating layer 300 is provided on the side of the electrical connectors 200 facing the battery cells 101; the electrical connectors 200 and the corresponding battery cells 101 are electrically connected through electrical components 400, and along a direction perpendicular to the back side of the battery strings 100, the orthographic projection area of the connection portion between the electrical connectors 200 and the electrical components 400 is a first area, and the orthographic projection area of the electrical connectors 200 is a second area, the ratio of the first area to the second area is greater than or equal to 0.8 or less than or equal to 0.2.
  • the electrical connector 200 by placing the electrical connector 200 on the back of the battery string 100, the electrical connector 200 at least partially overlaps with the corresponding battery cell 101.
  • An insulating layer 300 is provided on the side of the electrical connector 200 facing the battery cell 101. This ensures insulation between the electrical connector 200 and the battery cell 101 while avoiding any impact on the arrangement of the multiple battery strings 100. This results in a more compact photovoltaic module structure, allowing for full utilization of the front light-receiving area and improving module efficiency.
  • both the connection performance between the electrical connector 200 and the electrical component 400 and the insulating layer 300's role in insulating between the electrical connector 200 and the battery cell 101 are considered.
  • the photovoltaic module includes multiple cell strings 100, and each cell string 100 includes multiple spaced-apart cells 101. Adjacent cells 101 can be connected by an electrical component 400. Furthermore, an electrical connector 200 is provided on the back side of the cell string 100, such that the electrical connector 200 at least partially overlaps with the cells 101 at the end of the cell string 100, and an insulating layer 300 is provided between the electrical connector 200 and the cells 101 to provide insulation between them.
  • the battery cells 101 at the end of the battery string 100 are electrically connected to the electrical connector 200 via the electrical component 400, thereby realizing the connection and current-charging function of the electrical connector 200 to the battery string 100.
  • the electrical connector 200 can be a busbar, and the electrical component 400 can be connected to the side of the electrical connector 200 facing the battery string 100, or it can be connected to the side of the electrical connector 200 away from the battery string 100.
  • the area of the connection portion between the electrical connector 200 and the electrical component 400 is set accordingly. This is to ensure the connection performance between the electrical component 400 and the electrical connector 200 while reducing the impact of the connection portion on the insulation layer 300, thereby taking into account the insulation and isolation performance between the electrical connector 200 and the battery cell 101.
  • the ratio of the first area to the second area is set to be less than or equal to 0.2.
  • the ratio of the first area to the second area can be set to 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, etc., and can be reasonably set according to the actual situation.
  • connection portion between the electrical component 400 and the electrical connector 200 is higher than the surface of the electrical connector 200, the insulating layer 300 can be placed around this portion. Otherwise, this portion would be much higher than other parts, which would lead to the risk of microcracks in the solar cells during module lamination. However, if the insulating layer 300 is placed around the connection portion, it would affect the area of the insulating layer 300 on the surface of the electrical connector 200, thereby affecting the insulation effect of the insulating layer 300.
  • the side of the electrical connector 200 facing the battery cell 101 can partially or completely cover the insulating layer 300, while the other side of the electrical connector 200 is electrically connected to the electrical component 400.
  • the connection strength and reliability between the electrical component 400 and the electrical connector 200 can be improved.
  • the photovoltaic module includes a plurality of electrical connectors 200, which include a first connector 210 and a second connector 220.
  • the first connector 210 is disposed near the center of the photovoltaic module and connects at least two oppositely disposed battery strings 100.
  • the second connector 220 is disposed near both sides of the photovoltaic module and connects at least two adjacent battery strings 100.
  • the photovoltaic module has two oppositely arranged long sides and two oppositely arranged short sides, wherein the length of the long sides is greater than the length of the short sides, and the extension direction of the long sides is the length direction (X) of the photovoltaic module, and the extension direction of the short sides is the width direction (Y) of the photovoltaic module.
  • two or three rows of electrical connectors 200 can be arranged in the photovoltaic module to form multiple electrical connectors 200.
  • the connectors located on both sides of the photovoltaic module are second connectors 220, and the connector located in the middle is a first connector 210.
  • Each side of the first connector 210 has a battery string 100, and the first connector 210 is electrically connected to the battery strings 100 on both sides.
  • Each side of the second connector 220 has a battery string 100, and the second connector 220 connects two adjacent battery strings 100.
  • multiple battery strings 100 can be connected in series and/or in parallel through the first connector 210 and the second connector 220, thereby collecting and extracting the current from each battery string.
  • the orthographic projection area of the electrical connector 200 refers to the orthographic projection area of the body 201 in the electrical connector 200
  • the orthographic projection area of the connection between the electrical connector 200 and the electrical component 400 refers to the orthographic projection area of the welded structure formed after the flux layer 202 in the electrical connector 200 and the electrical component 400 are fused together.
  • the width of the electrical connector 200 can be set to 1mm to 10mm, for example, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, etc.
  • the thickness of the electrical connector 200 can be set to 0.01mm to 1mm, for example, 0.01mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, etc.
  • the electrical connector 200 is ensured to have a certain structural strength and conductivity, thereby enabling the connection and current merging function between multiple battery strings 100.
  • the photovoltaic module is provided with a plurality of first connectors 210.
  • the plurality of first connectors 210 may be the same or different.
  • the plurality of first connectors 210 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the width direction Y parallel to the photovoltaic module, and the spacing between two adjacent first connectors 210 is 6mm-16mm. For example, it can be set to 6mm, 7mm, 9mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 16mm, etc.
  • space is reserved at the end of the first connector 210 to set the lead wire, while avoiding short circuits caused by the two first connectors 210 being too close together, and also avoiding wasted space due to excessive spacing between the first connectors 210.
  • each second connector 220 there are multiple second connectors 220. These multiple second connectors 220 may be the same or different.
  • the multiple second connectors 220 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the width direction Y parallel to the photovoltaic module.
  • the spacing between two adjacent second connectors 220 is 1mm-10mm. For example, it can be set to 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc.
  • the spacing between two adjacent battery strings 100 is D1
  • the spacing between two adjacent battery cells 101 in the battery string 100 is D2, satisfying: 0mm ⁇
  • can be set to: 0mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc.
  • the spacing between battery strings 100 is appropriately increased while ensuring the compactness of the entire battery layer layout, so as to avoid short circuit between two battery strings 100.
  • the spacing between two adjacent cell strings 100 is D1, satisfying: 0mm ⁇ D1 ⁇ 5mm.
  • D1 can be set to 0mm, 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, etc.
  • D1 can be set to 1mm, 2mm, or 3mm.
  • the spacing between two adjacent solar cells 101 in the solar cell string 100 is D2, satisfying: 0mm ⁇
  • the spacing D2 can be a positive value, a negative value, or 0mm.
  • D2 can be set to -5mm, -4mm, -3mm, -2mm, -1mm, 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, etc.
  • D2 can be set to -3mm, -2mm, -1mm, 1mm, 2mm, or 3mm.
  • the length of the insulating layer 300 along the width direction Y of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to the length of the electrical connector 200 (i.e., the first connector 210 in FIG3).
  • the insulating layer 300 can cover the electrical connector 200 along the width direction Y, thereby providing isolation between the electrical connector 200 and the solar cell 101.
  • the width of the insulating layer 300 along the length direction X of the photovoltaic module is greater than or equal to the width of the electrical connector 200 (i.e., the first connector 210 in FIG3).
  • the insulating layer 300 can cover the electrical connector 200 along the length direction X, thereby providing isolation between the electrical connector 200 and the solar cell 101.
  • the electrical component 400 is formed by a conductive layer 401 disposed on the backsheet 510 of the photovoltaic module.
  • the backsheet 510 is disposed on the side of the electrical connector 200 opposite to the battery string 100.
  • the electrical connector 200 is connected to the conductive layer 401, and an electrical connection portion (not shown in the figure) is provided on the back side of the battery cell 101, which is electrically connected to the conductive layer 401.
  • the electrical connection portion can be a pad disposed on the back side of the battery cell 101, and the pad is electrically connected to the electrode on the back side of the battery cell 101.
  • the photovoltaic module may include a backsheet 510, on which a conductive layer 401 is laid.
  • the conductive layer 401 is patterned to form the required circuit structure, namely electrical component 400.
  • electrical connectors 200 are respectively provided in the middle and on both sides of the conductive layer 401, and the electrical connectors 200 are welded and fixed to the conductive layer 401.
  • An insulating layer 300 is provided on the side of the electrical connector 200 away from the conductive layer 401.
  • multiple battery cells 101 are laid face down on top of the electrical connector 200.
  • the battery cells 101 are electrically connected to the conductive layer 401 through the electrical connection part.
  • the electrical connection between multiple battery cells 101 can be realized through the conductive layer 401 provided on the back plate 510.
  • the connection between the electrical connector 200 and the conductive layer 401 realizes the current collection function of the electrical connector 200 for multiple battery cells 101.
  • the conductive layer 401 and the insulating layer 300 are respectively connected to the two opposite sides of the electrical connector 200, thus avoiding mutual interference between them. This not only facilitates the connection operation between the electrical connector 200 and the conductive layer 401, but also enhances the insulation and isolation effect between the electrical connector 200 and the cell 101.
  • the projected area of the insulating layer 300 along the direction perpendicular to the back side of the battery string 100 is the third area, and the ratio of the first area to the third area can be set to be greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0.
  • the ratio of the first area to the third area can be set to: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, etc.
  • the conductive layer 401 may be made of materials such as copper-aluminum, aluminum foil, copper foil plated with aluminum, copper foil plated with nickel, copper foil plated with tin, aluminum foil plated with copper, aluminum foil plated with tin, or aluminum foil plated with nickel.
  • one insulating layer 300 may be provided, meaning that the insulating layer 300 can at least cover the back of all battery strings, serving to isolate the electrical connector 200 from the battery cell 101, and the conductive layer 401 from the battery cell 101.
  • multiple insulating layers 300 may be provided, and multiple insulating elements may also be provided below each battery string.
  • the insulating elements and insulating layers 300 may be similar or identical in design, and the insulating elements may be made of insulating film, insulating adhesive, or insulating tape, etc., and can be formed by laying insulating film or insulating tape on the surface below the battery cell 101. Other materials may also be used, which are not limited here, further serving to isolate the conductive layer 401 from the battery cell 101.
  • each insulating layer 300 serving as an isolation layer between the electrical connector 200 and the battery cell 101.
  • the size of the insulating layer 300 can be adapted to the size of the battery cell; for example, the size of the insulating layer 300 can be equal to the size of the battery cell.
  • the insulating layer 300 can also adopt other structural dimensional relationships, which are not limited here.
  • the back side 100a of the battery string 100 is provided with a plurality of electrical components 400
  • the insulating layer 300 is provided with a plurality of openings 301, wherein the electrical components 400 at the openings 301 are electrically connected to the electrical connectors 200.
  • the electrical component 400 and the insulating layer 300 are disposed on the same side of the electrical connector 200.
  • An opening 301 is provided in the insulating layer 300, exposing at least a portion of the electrical component 400, so that the electrical component 400 at the opening 301 can connect to the electrical connector 200.
  • the insulating layer 300 isolates the electrical connector 200 from the solar cell 101. This satisfies the function of the electrical connector 200 in connecting and merging the solar cell string 100, while reducing the space occupied by the electrical connector 200 in the solar cell 101 layout, thus improving the utilization rate of the front area of the photovoltaic module.
  • multiple battery cells 101 can be connected in series to form a battery string 100 using electrical components 400. Then, an electrical connector 200 is disposed on the back of the battery string 100, and an insulating layer 300 is disposed between the electrical connector 200 and the battery string 100. At the same time, an opening is provided in the insulating layer 300 so that the electrical component 400 at the opening can be connected to the electrical connector 200.
  • the projected area of the insulating layer 300 along the direction perpendicular to the back surface of the battery string 100 is a third area, and the ratio of the first area to the third area is set to be greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.18.
  • the ratio can be set to 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.18, etc.
  • the connection strength and reliability of the electrical component 400 and the electrical connector 200, as well as the isolation effect of the insulation layer 300 between the electrical connector 200 and the battery cell 101, can be comprehensively considered, and the material cost of the insulation layer 300 can be appropriately controlled or reduced.
  • the second area may be set to be less than or equal to the third area to ensure that the insulating layer 300 effectively shields and covers the surface of the electrical connector 200.
  • the insulating layer 300 includes a plurality of spaced-apart insulating portions 310, with the opening 301 formed between two adjacent insulating portions 310.
  • the insulating portions 310 form an insulating barrier between the battery cell 101 and the electrical connector 200, while exposing a portion of the electrical component 400 at the gap between two adjacent insulating portions 310, so that this portion of the electrical component 400 can be connected to the electrical connector 200, thereby realizing the current-carrying function of the electrical connector 200 for the battery cell 101.
  • multiple insulating portions 310 can be formed on the electrical connector 200, and the gap size between different insulating portions 310 can be the same or different, which is not limited here.
  • a plurality of openings 301 are provided on at least one side of the insulating layer 300 along the length direction X of the photovoltaic module.
  • the insulating layer 300 in this embodiment is a continuous structure, and the electrical components 400 of the openings 301 are provided at intervals on one or both sides of the insulating layer 300 so that the electrical connectors 200 of the openings 301 can be connected.
  • the openings 301 on both sides of the insulating layer 300 are aligned or staggered.
  • the electrical connector 200 located near the center of the photovoltaic module is the first connector 210.
  • the insulating layer 300 corresponding to the first connector 210 has multiple openings 301 on both sides. By setting the openings 301 on both sides to be aligned or staggered, the electrical connection requirements between the first connector 210 and the solar cells 101 on both sides can be matched.
  • the alignment setting refers to the projections of the two openings 301 along the extension direction perpendicular to the first connector 210 (i.e., along the X direction) at least partially overlapping; the misalignment setting refers to the projections of the two openings 301 along the extension direction perpendicular to the first connector 210 (i.e., along the X direction) completely not overlapping.
  • the battery cells 101 located on both sides of the first connector 210 are provided with two electrical components 400 of opposite conductivity types.
  • the electrical component 400 connected to the first connector 210 is the first electrical component 410
  • the electrical components 400 other than the first connector 210 are the second electrical components 420.
  • the first electrical components 410 and the second electrical components 420 are arranged alternately.
  • the first electrical components 410 on both sides of the first connector 210 are arranged either aligned or staggered so that the positions of the first electrical components 410 correspond to the openings 301 on the insulating layer 300.
  • the second electrical components 420 on both sides of the first connector 210 can be aligned or staggered to facilitate the structural layout of the first electrical component 410 and the second electrical component 420 on the battery cell 101.
  • the electrical connector 200 located near the center of the photovoltaic module is a first connector 210; the battery cells 101 on both sides of the first connector 210 are provided with a first electrical component 410 and a second electrical component 420 with opposite conductivity types.
  • the first connector 210 is connected to the first electrical component 410 at the opening 301, and the second electrical component 420 is disconnected from the first connector 210; wherein, along the length direction X of the photovoltaic module, the distance between the two first electrical components 410 on both sides of the first connector 210 is d1, the width of the electrical connector 200 is D3, and the width of the insulating layer 300 is D4, satisfying: d1 ⁇ D3 ⁇ D4.
  • the distance d1 between the two first electrical components 410 that are opposite to each other on both sides of the first connector 210 is less than the width D3 of the electrical connector 200, that is, there is an overlap between the two first electrical components 410 and the electrical connector 200, so that the first electrical components 410 and the electrical connector 200 can be connected in the overlap, thereby improving the connection strength between the two.
  • the width D3 of the electrical connector 200 is set to be smaller than the width D4 of the insulating layer 300 so that the insulating layer 300 can effectively shield the electrical connector 200, thereby isolating the electrical connector 200 from the battery cell 101.
  • the distance between the two second electrical components 420 located on both sides of the first connector 210 is d2, and the width of the insulating layer 300 is D4.
  • the d2 can be set to be greater than or equal to the D4, or the d2 can be set to be less than the D4. It can be flexibly set according to the actual situation, and this application does not limit it.
  • the ratio d1/D4 of the distance d1 between the two first electrical components 410 located on both sides of the first connector 210 to the width D4 of the insulating layer 300 is greater than a preset value. In this way, while taking into account the connection performance between the first electrical components 410 and the electrical connector 200, it is also possible to avoid the insulating layer 300 being too wide, which would increase the cost of the insulating layer 300.
  • the photovoltaic module further includes a back sheet 510, a first film layer 520, a second film layer 530, and a front glass 540.
  • the back sheet 510 is disposed on the back side of the battery string 100
  • the first film layer 520 is disposed between the back sheet 510 and the battery string 100
  • the first connector 210 is disposed between the first film layer 520 and the battery string 100.
  • the photovoltaic module further includes a front glass 540 and a second film layer 530, wherein the front glass 540 is disposed on the front side of the cell string 100 and the second film layer 530 is disposed between the front glass 540 and the cell string 100.
  • the first film layer 520 and the second film layer 530 located on both sides of the cell string 100 are melted to form an integrated structure through hot pressing, thereby playing a role in encapsulating and protecting the cell string 100.
  • a lead hole is provided in the middle of the back plate 510.
  • the shape of the lead hole can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, or other shapes.
  • the lead hole is located between two adjacent first connectors 210.
  • the end of the first connector 210 is provided with a lead wire, which passes through the lead hole to realize the current extraction.
  • the backplate 510 may be made of TPC, PET, TPT, CPC or other materials.
  • references to terms such as “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “illustrative embodiment,” “example,” “specific example,” or “some examples,” etc. indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application.
  • the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种光伏组件，包括：多个电池串和电连接件；电连接件设于电池串的背面，且电连接件与电池串端部的电池片至少部分重叠；电连接件朝向电池片的一侧设有绝缘层；电连接件与对应的电池片通过电构件电连接，沿垂直于电池串的背面的方向，电连接件与电构件之间的连接部分的正投影面积为第一面积，电连接件的正投影面积为第二面积，第一面积与第二面积的比值大于等于0.8或小于等于0.2。这样，在保证电连接件与电池片绝缘隔离的同时，能够避免设置电连接件对多个电池串排版的影响，使得光伏组件的结构更紧凑，以便于能够充分利用光伏组件的正面面积，提高光伏组件的效率。

Description

一种光伏组件
本申请要求在2024年7月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202421731694.1、发明名称为“一种光伏组件”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于光伏技术领域，具体涉及一种光伏组件。
背景技术
随着光伏技术的不断发展，实现太阳能光伏组件转换效率的最大化一直是研究重点。现有的光伏组件先进行电池片的布片，在整版电池的中间和两边需要预留出汇流条焊接的空间，使得光伏组件的正面无法尽可能铺满电池片，导致组件正面的空间和受光面积没有被充分利用。
发明内容
本申请提供一种光伏组件，旨在部分或全部能够解决现有的光伏组件中，整版电池的中间和两边需要预留出汇流条焊接的空间，导致组件正面的空间和受光面积没有被充分利用的问题。为了解决上述技术问题，本申请是这样实现的：
本申请提出了一种光伏组件，包括：多个电池串和电连接件；所述电连接件设于所述电池串的背面，且所述电连接件与所述电池串端部的电池片至少部分重叠；所述电连接件朝向所述电池片的一侧设有绝缘层；所述电连接件与对应的电池片通过电构件电连接，沿垂直于所述电池串的背面的方向，所述电连接件与所述电构件之间的连接部分的正投影面积为第一面积，所述电连接件的正投影面积为第二面积，所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值大于等于0.8或小于等于0.2。
可选地，多个所述电连接件包括第一连接件和第二连接件；所述第一连接件靠近所述光伏组件的中间设置，所述第一连接件连接至少两个相对设置的所述电池串；所述第二连接件靠近所述光伏组件的两侧设置，所述第二连接件连接至少两个相邻的所述电池串。
可选地，所述第一连接件设为多个，多个所述第一连接件依次间隔设置，相邻两个所述第一连接件之间的间距为：6mm-16mm；
和/或，所述第二连接件设为多个，多个所述第二连接件依次间隔设置，相邻两个第二连接件的间距为：1mm-10mm。
可选地，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，相邻两个电池串之间的间距为D1，所述电池串中相邻两个电池片之间的间距为D2，满足：0mm≤|D2-D1|≤10mm；
和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，相邻两个电池串之间的间距为D1，满足：0mm≤D1≤5mm；
和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述电池串中相邻两个电池片之间的间距为D2，满足：0mm≤|D2|≤5mm。
可选地，沿所述光伏组件的宽度方向，所述绝缘层的长度大于等于所述电连接件的长度；
和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述绝缘层的宽度大于等于所述电连接件的宽度；
和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述绝缘层设置有一个或多个。
可选地，所述电构件由设于所述光伏组件的背板上的导电层形成，所述背板设于所述电连接件背离所述电池串的一侧；所述电连接件与所述导电层连接，所述电池片的背面设有电连接部，所述电连接部与所述导电层电连接。
可选地，沿垂直于所述电池串的背面的方向，所述绝缘层的正投影面积为第三面积，所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值大于等于0.1且小于等于1.0。
可选地，所述电池串的背面设有若干所述电构件，所述绝缘层中设有若干开口，所述开口处的所述电构件与所述电连接件电连接。
可选地，沿垂直于所述电池串的背面的方向，所述绝缘层的正投影面积为第三面积，所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值大于等于0.01且小于等于0.18。
可选地，所述绝缘层包括若干间隔设置的绝缘部，相邻两个绝缘部之间形成所述开口；和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述绝缘层的至少一侧设有若干所述开口。
可选地，在所述绝缘层的两侧均设有多个所述开口时，位于绝缘层两侧的所述开口对位设置或错位设置。
可选地，靠近所述光伏组件的中间位置设置的所述电连接件为第一连接件；位于所述第一连接件两侧的所述电池片上均设有导电类型相反的第一电构件和第二电构件，所述第一连接件连接于所述开口处的所述第一电构件，所述第二电构件与第一连接件之间断开；
其中，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，位于所述第一连接件两侧的两个所述第一电构件之间的间距为d1，所述电连接件的宽度为D3，所述绝缘层的宽度为D4，满足：d1＜D3＜D4。
可选地，位于所述第一连接件两侧的两个所述第一电构件之间的间距d1与所述绝缘层的宽度为D4的比值大于预设值。
在本申请中，通过将电连接件设置在电池串的背面，使电连接件与对应的电池片至少部分重叠，并在电连接件朝向电池片的一侧设置绝缘层，电连接件与电构件之间的连接部分的正投影面积为第一面积，电连接件的正投影面积为第二面积，第一面积与第二面积的比值大于等于0.8或小于等于0.2。这样，在保证电连接件与电池片绝缘隔离的同时，能够避免设置电连接件对多个电池串排版的影响，使得光伏组件的结构更紧凑，以便于能够充分利用光伏组件的正面面积，提高光伏组件的效率；并且，通过合理设置电连接件与电构件之间的连接部分的大小，以兼顾电连接件与电构件的连接性能，以及绝缘层对电连接件与电池片之间的绝缘隔离作用。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是现有技术的光伏组件的正面结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的光伏组件的正面结构示意图；
图3是图2中圈示的A部的放大图；
图4是图2中圈示的B部的放大图；
图5是根据本申请实施例的一种光伏组件的结构示意；
图6是根据本申请实施例的另一种光伏组件的结构示意；
图7是图6中的光伏组件在电池串与电连接件连接处的局部剖视图；
图8是根据本申请实施例的一种电连接件与电构件的连接结构示意图；
图9是根据本申请实施例的另一种电连接件与电构件的连接结构示意图；
图10是根据本申请实施例的又一种电连接件与电构件的连接结构示意图；
图11是根据本申请实施例的电连接件的结构示意图；
图12是根据本申请实施例的电连接件在焊接处的结构示意图之一；
图13是根据本申请实施例的电连接件在焊接处的结构示意图之二。
附图标记：
100：电池串；100a：背面；101：电池片；102：汇流条；200：电连接
件；201：本体；202：助焊层；210：第一连接件；220：第二连接件；300：绝缘层；301：开口；310：绝缘部；400：电构件；401：导电层；410：第一电构件；420：第二电构件；510：背板；520：第一膜层；530：第二膜层；540：正面玻璃。
具体实施例
下面将详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
如图1所示，现有的光伏组件中，通过将多个电池片101串联形成电池串100，再对多个电池串100进行排版形成整版电池层，通常，在整版电池层的中间和两边需要预留出汇流条102焊接的区域，以便设置汇流条102，为了避免汇流条102与电池片101短接接触，汇流条102与电池串之间需错开一定距离。这样，就会导致设置汇流条102需要占用较大的空间，使得光伏组件正面(即至少意味着受光面)无法尽可能铺满电池片101，导致光伏组件的正面受光面积不能被充分利用，为了解决以上问题，本申请提供一种光伏组件。
如图2至图7所示，根据本申请实施例的光伏组件，包括：多个电池串100和电连接件200(包括图3中的第一连接件210和图4中的第二连接件220)；电连接件200设于电池串100的背面(即至少意味着背光面)，且电连接件200与对应的电池片101至少部分重叠；电连接件200朝向电池片101的一侧设有绝缘层300；电连接件200与对应的电池片101通过电构件400电连接，沿垂直于电池串100的背面的方向，电连接件200与电构件400之间的连接部分的正投影面积为第一面积，电连接件200的正投影面积为第二面积，第一面积与第二面积的比值大于等于0.8或小于等于0.2。
在本申请实施例中，通过将电连接件200设置在电池串100的背面，使电连接件200与对应的电池片101至少部分重叠，并在电连接件200朝向电池片101的一侧设置绝缘层300，这样，在保证电连接件200与电池片101绝缘隔离的同时，能够避免设置电连接件200对多个电池串100排版的影响，使得光伏组件的结构更紧凑，以便于能够充分利用光伏组件的正面受光面积，提高光伏组件的效率。并且，通过合理设置电连接件200与电构件400之间的连接部分的大小，以兼顾电连接件200与电构件400的连接性能，以及绝缘层300对电连接件200与电池片101之间的绝缘隔离作用。
具体地，光伏组件包括多个电池串100，每个电池串100包括多个间隔排布的电池片101，相邻两个电池片101之间可以通过电构件400连接。进而，在电池串100的背面设置电连接件200，使电连接件200与电池串100端部的电池片101至少部分重叠，并在电连接件200与电池片101之间设置绝缘层300，以对电连接件200与电池片101进行绝缘隔离。
进而，通过电构件400将电池串100端部的电池片101与电连接件200电连接，以实现电连接件200对电池串100的连接汇流作用。其中，电连接件200可以是汇流条，电构件400可以连接在电连接件200朝向电池串100的一侧，也可以使电构件400连接在电连接件200背离电池串100的一侧。
进一步地，根据电构件400与电连接件200连接位置的不同，对应设置电连接件200与电构件400之间的连接部分占电连接件200的面积大小，以便在保证电构件400与电连接件200的连接性能的同时，减少所述连接部分对设置绝缘层300的影响，从而兼顾电连接件200与电池片101之间的绝缘隔离性能。
在一些实施例中，图6和图7所示，当电构件400与电连接件200朝向电池串100的一侧连接时，也即电构件400与电连接件200的连接部分与绝缘层300均位于电连接件200朝向电池串100的一侧，则设置所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值小于等于0.2，示例性地，所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值可以设为：0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2等，当然其可以根据实际情况进行合理设置。此时，在保证电构件400与电连接件200的连接强度的同时，尽量减小电构件400与电连接件200连接部分的面积，从而降低该连接部分对设置绝缘层300的影响。
可以理解的是，由于电构件400与电连接件200的连接部分高出于电连接件200的表面，设置绝缘层300时可以避开该部分，否则会使该部分远高于其它部分，则会导致组件层压时电池片出现隐裂的风险。而如果绝缘层300避开所述连接部分设置，又会影响电连接件200表面所设置的绝缘层300的面积，进而会影响绝缘层300的隔离效果。
在另一些实施例中，如图5所示，当电构件400(也即图5中的401)与电连接件200背离电池串100的一侧连接时，即电构件400与电连接件200的连接部分与绝缘层300分别位于电连接件200的两侧，则设置所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值大于等于0.8，示例性地，所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值可以设为：0.8、0.9、1.0、1.1、1.3等，当然其可以根据实际情况进行合理设置。电连接件200朝向电池片101的一侧可以部分或全部覆盖绝缘层300，而电连接件200的另一侧与电构件400电连接，通过增大电构件400与电连接件200之间连接部分的面积，能够提升电构件400与电连接件200的连接强度和连接可靠性。
在一些实施例中，所述绝缘层300选用绝缘胶膜、绝缘胶或绝缘胶带等制成，可以通过在电连接件200表面铺设绝缘胶膜或绝缘胶带以形成绝缘层300，也可以通过在电连接件200表面涂覆的绝缘胶层以形成绝缘层300。当然，还可以采用其它材质制成，在此不作限定。
可选地，如图2和图3所示，所述光伏组件包括多个电连接件200，多个电连接件200包括第一连接件210和第二连接件220；第一连接件210靠近光伏组件的中间设置，第一连接件210连接至少两个相对设置的电池串100；第二连接件220靠近光伏组件的两侧设置，第二连接件220连接至少两个相邻的电池串100。
具体地，光伏组件具有两个相对设置的长边和两个相对设置的短边，所述长边的长度大于所述短边的长度，其中，所述长边的延伸方向为光伏组件的长度方向X，所述短边的延伸方向为光伏组件的宽度方向Y，
进而，沿所述长度方向X，在光伏组件中可以设置2排或3排电连接件200进而形成多个电连接件200，位于光伏组件两侧位置的为第二连接件220，位于中间位置的为第一连接件210，第一连接件210的两侧均设有电池串100，第一连接件210与其两侧的电池串100电连接，第二连接件220的单侧设有电池串100，第二连接件220连接相邻两个电池串100。进而，通过第一连接件210和第二连接件220可以将多个电池串100串联和/或并联在一起，进而将各个电池串中的电流汇集和引出。
在一些实施例中，如图11所示，电连接件200包括：本体201，以及本体201的相对两侧附着的助焊层202，在电连接件200与电构件400电连接时，可以采用焊接的方式，例如采用激光焊接、电磁焊接，或烙铁头焊接等方式，使助焊层202熔融以将电连接件200与电构件400连接在一起。
其中，沿垂直于电池串100的背面的方向，电连接件200的正投影面积具体是指电连接件200中本体201的正投影面积，电连接件200与电构件400连接部分的正投影面积具体是指电连接件200中助焊层202与电构件400融合连接后所形成的焊接结构的正投影面积。
可以理解的是，如图12和图13所示，电连接件200在与电构件400焊接固定时，所形成的焊接结构的投影面积(即图中阴影部分)与电连接件200中的本体201的投影面积(即图中矩形区域)会存在一定的差异。
在一些实施例中，电连接件200的宽度可以设为1mm～10mm，例如，设为1mm、2mm、3mm、5mm、6mm、8mm、10mm等。
在一些实施例中，电连接件200的厚度可以设为0.01mm～1mm，例如，设为0.01mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.5mm、0.7mm、1mm等。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置电连接件200的宽度和厚度的尺寸取值范围，以确保电连接件200具有一定的结构强度和导电性能，从而能够实现多个电池串100之间的连接汇流作用。
在一些实施例中，如图2和图3所示，光伏组件中设有多个第一连接件210，多个第一连接件210可以相同或不相同，多个第一连接件210沿平行于光伏组件的宽度方向Y依次间隔排布，相邻两个第一连接件210之间的间距为：6mm-16mm。例如，可以设为：6mm、7mm、9mm、10mm、12mm、15mm、16mm等。
通过设置相邻两个第一连接件210之间的间距范围，以便在第一连接件210的端部预留出空间设置引出线，同时避免两个第一连接件210距离太近而出现短接，同时，也避免第一连接件210之间的间距过大而导致空间浪费。
在一些实施例中，如图2和图4所示，第二连接件220设为多个，多个第二连接件220可以相同或不相同，多个第二连接件220沿平行于光伏组件的宽度方向Y依次间隔排布，相邻两个第二连接件220的间距为：1mm-10mm。例如，可以设为：1mm、2mm、3mm、5mm、8mm、9mm、10mm等。
通过设置相邻两个第二连接件220之间的间距范围，以便预留出一定的空间用于在第二连接件220的端部设置引出线，同时避免两个第二连接件220距离太近而出现短接，同时，也避免第二连接件220之间的间距过大而导致空间浪费。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，相邻两个电池串100之间的间距为D1，所述电池串100中相邻两个电池片101之间的间距为D2，满足：0mm≤|D2-D1|≤10mm。例如，|D2-D1|可以设为：0mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、10mm等。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置相邻两个电池串100之间的间距和所述电池串100中相邻两个电池片101之间的间距的配合设置，以在确保整个电池层布局紧凑性的同时，适当增加电池串100之间的间距，避免两个电池串100接触短接。
在一些实施例中，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，相邻两个电池串100之间的间距为D1，满足：0mm≤D1≤5mm。例如，所述D1可以设为0mm、0.5mm、1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm等。优选地，所述D1可以设为1mm、2mm、3mm。
在一些实施例中，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，所述电池串100中相邻两个电池片101之间的间距为D2，满足：0mm≤|D2|≤5mm。例如，间距D2可以是正值，也可以是负值，也可以是0mm，所述D2可以设为-5mm、-4mm、-3mm、-2mm、-1mm、0mm、1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm等。优选地，所述D2可以设为-3mm、-2mm、-1mm、1mm、2mm、3mm。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，沿所述光伏组件的宽度方向Y，绝缘层300的长度大于等于电连接件200(即图3中的第一连接件210)的长度。通过设置绝缘层300的长度大于等于电连接件200的长度，以使绝缘层300能够沿所述宽度方向Y覆盖电连接件200，以起到对电连接件200与电池片101之间的隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，绝缘层300的宽度大于等于电连接件200(即图3中第一连接件210)的宽度。通过设置绝缘层300的宽度大于等于电连接件200的宽度，以使绝缘层300能够沿所述长度方向X覆盖电连接件200，以起到对电连接件200与电池片101之间的隔离作用。
可选地，如图5所示，电构件400由设于光伏组件的背板510上的导电层401形成，背板510设于电连接件200背离电池串100的一侧；电连接件200与导电层401连接，电池片101的背面设有电连接部(图中未示出)，电连接部与导电层401电连接。可以理解的是，所述电连接部可以为设于电池片101的背面的焊盘，所述焊盘与电池片101的背面的电极电连接。
在具体的实施例中，光伏组件可以包括背板510，在背板510上铺设导电层401，通过对导电层401进行图案化处理形成所需的电路结构，即电构件400，进而，在导电层401的中间和两侧分别设置电连接件200，使电连接件200与导电层401之间焊接固定，在电连接件200背离导电层401的一侧设置绝缘层300。
然后，再将多个电池片101背面朝下依次铺设在电连接件200的上方，电池片101通过电连接部与导电层401电连接，这样，通过背板510上设置的导电层401可以实现多个电池片101之间的电连接，而电连接件200与导电层401连接，就实现了电连接件200对多个电池片101的汇流作用。
可以理解的是，采用本申请实施例的光伏组件结构，通过将导电层401和绝缘层300分别与电连接件200相对的两个侧面连接，避免了二者之间的相互干扰，既方便电连接件200与导电层401的连接操作，又能够提升电连接件200与电池片101之间的绝缘隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，当采用导电层401作为电构件400时，沿垂直于所述电池串100的背面的方向，所述绝缘层300的正投影面积为第三面积，可以设置所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值大于等于0.1且小于等于1.0。
具体地，所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值可以设为：0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9、1.0等。通过设置所述第一面积与所述第三面积的合理比值，既确保电连接件200与导电层401的连接强度和导电性能，又能确保绝缘层300对导电层401与电池片101之间的绝缘隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，所述导电层401可以选用铜铝、铝箔、铜箔镀铝、铜箔镀镍、铜箔镀锡、铝箔镀铜、铝箔镀锡、铝箔镀镍等材质制成。通过在背板510上设置导电层401，进而通过刻蚀等方式对导电层401进行图案化以得到预设的电路结构。
在一些实施例中，绝缘层300可以设置有一个，即绝缘层300可以至少覆盖所有电池串的背面，起到对电连接件200与电池片101之间，导电层401与电池片101之间的隔离作用；当然，绝缘层300也可以设置有多个，并且同时对应每个电池串下方也可以设置多个绝缘件，绝缘件和绝缘层300的设置可以类似或相同，相应绝缘件同样可以选用绝缘胶膜、绝缘胶或绝缘胶带等制成，可以通过在电池片101下方表面铺设绝缘胶膜或绝缘胶带以形成绝缘件。当然，还可以采用其它材质制成，在此不作限定，进而还起到对导电层401与电池片101之间的隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，如图5、图6所示，绝缘层300可以设置有多个，每个绝缘层300均可以起到电连接件200与电池片101之间的隔离作用，绝缘层300的尺寸大小可以和电池片的尺寸大小适配，示例性地，绝缘层300的尺寸大小可以和电池片的尺寸大小相等。当然，绝缘层300还可以采用其他结构尺寸关系，在此不作限定。
可选地，如图6和图7所示，电池串100的背面100a设有若干电构件400，绝缘层300中设有若干开口301，开口301处的电构件400与电连接件200电连接。
在本申请实施例中，电构件400和绝缘层300设置在电连接件200的同一侧，通过在绝缘层300中设置开口301，开口301处露出至少部分电构件400，以便开口301处的电构件400与电连接件200连接。而在电构件400与电连接件200连接部分之外的区域，通过绝缘层300对电连接件200与电池片101之间进行隔离。这样，既能满足利用电连接件200对电池串100的连接汇流作用，又能减少设置电连接件200所占用的电池片101布局空间，提高对光伏组件正面面积的利用率。
在具体地实施例中，可以先通过电构件400将多个电池片101串联形成电池串100，再将电连接件200设置在电池串100的背面，并在电连接件200与电池串100之间设置绝缘层300。同时，在绝缘层300中设置开口，以便开口处的电构件400与电连接件200连接。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，当电构件400与电连接件200的连接部分和绝缘层300位于电连接件200的同一侧时，沿垂直于所述电池串100的背面的方向，所述绝缘层300的正投影面积为第三面积，设置所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值大于等于0.01且小于等于0.18。例如，所述比值可以设为0.01、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.18等。
由此，通过设置所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值范围，并且同时还可以设置所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值范围，进而可以综合兼顾电构件400与电连接件200的连接强度和连接可靠性，以及绝缘层300对电连接件200与电池片101之间的隔离作用，并且适当控制或降低绝缘层300的材料成本。
在一些实施例中，可以设置所述第二面积小于等于所述第三面积，以确保绝缘层300对电连接件200的表面形成有效遮挡覆盖。
可选地，如图8所示，绝缘层300包括若干间隔设置的绝缘部310，相邻两个绝缘部310之间形成所述开口301。通过在电池片101的背面与电连接件200之间设置多个间隔设置的绝缘部310，利用绝缘部310在电池片101与电连接件200之间形成绝缘隔离，而在相邻两个绝缘部310之间的间隙处露出部分电构件400，以便该部分的电构件400可以与电连接件200连接，实现电连接件200对电池片101的汇流作用。示例性地，电连接件200上可以形成多段绝缘部310，不同绝缘部310之间的间隙尺寸可以相同，也可以不同，在此不作限定。
在一些实施例中，如图9和图10所示，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，绝缘层300的至少一侧设有若干开口301。本申请实施例中的绝缘层300为连续结构，通过在绝缘层300的单侧或两侧分别设置间隔排布的开口301，以便开口301的电构件400与电连接件200连接。
在一些实施例中，在绝缘层300的两侧均设有多个开口301时，位于绝缘层300两侧的开口301对位设置或错位设置。
在具体的应用中，如图9所示，靠近光伏组件的中间设置的电连接件200为第一连接件210，第一连接件210对应的绝缘层300在其两侧均设有多个开口301，通过设置两侧开口301对位设置或错位设置，以便匹配第一连接件210与两侧电池片101的电连接需求。
其中，所述对位设置是指两个开口301沿垂直于第一连接件210的延伸方向(也即沿X方向)的投影至少部分重合；所述错位设置是指两个开口301沿垂直于第一连接件210的延伸方向(也即沿X方向)的投影完全不重合。
在具体地实施例中，位于第一连接件210两侧的电池片101上均设有两种导电类型相反的电构件400，其中与第一连接件210连接的电构件400为第一电构件410，除第一连接件210之外的电构件400为第二电构件420，第一电构件410与第二电构件420交替排布。进而，设置第一连接件210两侧的第一电构件410对位设置或错位设置，以便使第一电构件410与绝缘层300上的开口301位置对应。
此外，还可以设置第一连接件210两侧的第二电构件420对位设置或错位设置，以便于第一电构件410与第二电构件420在电池片101上的结构布局。
可选地，如图9所示，靠近所述光伏组件的中间位置设置的电连接件200为第一连接件210；位于第一连接件210两侧的电池片101上均设有导电类型相反的第一电构件410和第二电构件420，第一连接件210连接于所述开口301处的第一电构件410，第二电构件420与第一连接件210之间断开；其中，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，位于第一连接件210两侧的两个第一电构件410之间的间距为d1，电连接件200的宽度为D3，绝缘层300的宽度为D4，满足：d1＜D3＜D4。
在本申请实施例中，通过设置第一连接件210两侧位置相对的两个第一电构件410之间的间距d1小于电连接件200的宽度D3，也即两个第一电构件410分别与电连接件200之间存在重叠部分，以便在重叠部分对第一电构件410与电连接件200进行连接，从而提升二者的连接强度。
同时，设置电连接件200的宽度D3小于绝缘层300的宽度D4，以便由绝缘层300可以对电连接件200形成有效遮挡，进而起到对电连接件200与电池片101之间的隔离作用。
在一些实施例中，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向X，位于第一连接件210两侧的两个第二电构件420之间的间距为d2，绝缘层300的宽度为D4，可以设置所述d2大于或等于所述D4，也可以设置所述d2小于所述D4，可以根据实际情况灵活设置，本申请对此不做限定。
在一些实施例中，位于第一连接件210两侧的两个第一电构件410之间的间距d1与绝缘层300的宽度D4的比值d1/D4大于预设值。这样，在兼顾第一电构件410与电连接件200连接性能的同时，也能避免绝缘层300的宽度过宽而增加绝缘层300的成本。
在一些实施例中，光伏组件还包括背板510、第一膜层520、第二膜层530和正面玻璃540，背板510设于电池串100的背面，第一膜层520设于背板510与电池串100之间，第一连接件210设于第一膜层520与电池串100之间。
在一些实施例中，光伏组件还包括正面玻璃540和第二膜层530，正面玻璃540设于电池串100的正面，第二膜层530设于正面玻璃540与电池串100之间。
在光伏组件加工工艺中，通过热压成型，位于电池串100两侧的第一膜层520和第二膜层530融化形成一体结构，从而起到对电池串100的封装保护作用。
进一步地，在背板510的中间设有引线孔，引线孔的形状可以为矩形、圆形、椭圆形或其他形状。引线孔位于相邻两个第一连接件210之间，第一连接件210的端部设有引出线，引出线穿过引线孔，以实现电流的引出。
在一些实施例中，背板510可以选用TPC、PET、TPT、CPC或其他材料制成。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种光伏组件，其特征在于，包括：多个电池串和电连接件；
    所述电连接件设于所述电池串的背面，且所述电连接件与所述电池串端部的电池片至少部分重叠；所述电连接件朝向所述电池片的一侧设有绝缘层；
    所述电连接件与对应的电池片通过电构件电连接，沿垂直于所述电池串的背面的方向，所述电连接件与所述电构件之间的连接部分的正投影面积为第一面积，所述电连接件的正投影面积为第二面积，所述第一面积与所述第二面积的比值大于等于0.8或小于等于0.2。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，多个所述电连接件包括第一连接件和第二连接件；所述第一连接件靠近所述光伏组件的中间设置，所述第一连接件连接至少两个相对设置的所述电池串；所述第二连接件靠近所述光伏组件的两侧设置，所述第二连接件连接至少两个相邻的所述电池串。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述第一连接件设为多个，多个所述第一连接件依次间隔设置，相邻两个所述第一连接件之间的间距为：6mm-16mm；
    和/或，所述第二连接件设为多个，多个所述第二连接件依次间隔设置，相邻两个第二连接件的间距为：1mm-10mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，相邻两个电池串之间的间距为D1，所述电池串中相邻两个电池片之间的间距为D2，满足：0mm≤|D2-D1|≤10mm；
    和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，相邻两个电池串之间的间距为D1，满足：0mm≤D1≤5mm；
    和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述电池串中相邻两个电池片之间的间距为D2，满足：0mm≤|D2|≤5mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，沿所述光伏组件的宽度方向，所述绝缘层的长度大于等于所述电连接件的长度；
    和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述绝缘层的宽度大于等于所述电连接件的宽度；
    和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述绝缘层设置有一个或多个。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述电构件由设于所述光伏组件的背板上的导电层形成，所述背板设于所述电连接件背离所述电池串的一侧；所述电连接件与所述导电层连接，所述电池片的背面设有电连接部，所述电连接部与所述导电层电连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，沿垂直于所述电池串的背面的方向，所述绝缘层的正投影面积为第三面积，所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值大于等于0.1且小于等于1.0。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述电池串的背面设有若干所述电构件，所述绝缘层中设有若干开口，所述开口处的所述电构件与所述电连接件电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，沿垂直于所述电池串的背面的方向，所述绝缘层的正投影面积为第三面积，所述第一面积与所述第三面积的比值大于等于0.01且小于等于0.18。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，所述绝缘层包括若干间隔设置的绝缘部，相邻两个绝缘部之间形成所述开口；和/或，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，所述绝缘层的至少一侧设有若干所述开口。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，在所述绝缘层的两侧均设有多个所述开口时，位于绝缘层两侧的所述开口对位设置或错位设置。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，靠近所述光伏组件的中间位置设置的所述电连接件为第一连接件；位于所述第一连接件两侧的所述电池片上均设有导电类型相反的第一电构件和第二电构件，所述第一连接件连接于所述开口处的所述第一电构件，所述第二电构件与第一连接件之间断开；
    其中，沿所述光伏组件的长度方向，位于所述第一连接件两侧的两个所述第一电构件之间的间距为d1，所述电连接件的宽度为D3，所述绝缘层的宽度为D4，满足：d1＜D3＜D4。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的光伏组件，其特征在于，位于所述第一连接件两侧的两个所述第一电构件之间的间距d1与所述绝缘层的宽度为D4的比值大于预设值。
PCT/CN2025/109377 2024-07-19 2025-07-18 一种光伏组件 Pending WO2026017159A1 (zh)

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