WO2026015461A1

WO2026015461A1 - Type i crispr-cas systems

Info

Publication number: WO2026015461A1
Application number: PCT/US2025/036667
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yiping QI; Simon SRETENOVIC; Micah DAILEY; Joshua CLEM; Neena PYZOCHA; Thomas Dubois; Hannah DIRESTA; Gregory Peel
Original assignee: University of Maryland College Park; Inari Agriculture Technology Inc
Current assignee: University of Maryland College Park; Inari Agriculture Technology Inc
Priority date: 2024-07-08
Filing date: 2025-07-07
Publication date: 2026-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2027-01-08

Abstract

Provided herein are class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems, particularly systems from Methylomonas methanica, Sphingobium amiense, Alteromonas mediterranea, and Pragia fontium. Also disclosed are recombinant nucleic acid molecules and vectors encoding one or more component of the disclosed class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems. Further provided are methods of modifying a target nucleic acid sequence or altering expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell, for example, in a plant cell.

Description

^{9582-111817-02} TYPE I CRISPR-CAS SYSTEMS CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.63/668,684, filed July 8, 2024, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. FIELD This disclosure relates to biotechnological tools, particularly Class 1 Type I CRISPR systems and methods of use thereof. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPORT This invention was made with government support under IOS1758745 and IOS2029889 awarded by the National Science Foundation. The government has certain rights in the invention. INCORPORATION OF ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING The Sequence Listing is submitted as an XML file named “Sequence.xml,” created on July 2, 2025, 123,286 bytes, which is incorporated by reference herein. PARTIES TO JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT This application describes and claims certain subject matter that was developed under a written joint collaborative research agreement between Inari Agriculture, Inc. and University of Maryland (UMD), having an effective date of March 12, 2021. BACKGROUND Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems have become a technology of choice for introducing targeted genetic changes due to their simplicity of targeting DNA through DNA-crRNA pairing. CRISPR systems generally include two genetic components: the CRISPR array composed of conserved direct repeats separated by unique spacers derived from invading DNA molecules, and Cas genes encoding Cas proteins. Cas proteins confer three molecular stages of defense: spacer acquisition, crRNA (CRISPR RNA) maturation, and target interference. The most well-known CRISPR technology is perhaps the CRISPR-Cas9 system, a class 2 type II CRISPR system that was first demonstrated to be a potent genome editing tool in 2012. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a single monomeric ribonucleoprotein complex of approximately 160 kDa in size. It is capable of introducing small-scale deletions or nicks in a targeted manner. Class 1 Type I CRISPR systems, although more abundant in prokaryotes as compared to Class 2 Type II CRISPR systems, have been largely overlooked as genome editing tools due to their large, multidomain ribonucleoprotein complexes. However, the identification of novel Type I CRIPSR systems is useful ^{9582-111817-02} for the development of new tools for various biotechnology applications, particularly for the introduction of large-scale deletions, which is not achieved using CRISPR-Cas9 systems. SUMMARY Type I CRISPR-Cas systems include various Cas proteins that form a CRISPR associated complex for antiviral defense (CASCADE). Binding of CASCADE to a target sequence recruits Cas3 (or Cas2-Cas3), which harbors endonuclease and helicase activity. However, the CASCADE complex can also be engineered to be fused to a non-specific endonuclease, for example, a Fok1 endonuclease domain, to achieve targeted nuclease activity without the need of a Cas2-Cas3, Cas3, or other Cas nuclease. Type I systems can be divided into six subtypes spanning from IA to IG with each harboring a distinct Cas8 homolog. Novel Class 1 Type IC and Type IF CRISPR systems have the potential to be used, for example, as biotechnological tools for facilitating genetic or epigenetic modifications, and/or for modulating transcription of a target gene. Here, a bioinformatics approach was taken to identify novel Class 1 Type IC and Type IF CRISPR systems sourced from bacteria. In silico analysis led to the identification and annotation of numerous systems. The list of candidates was narrowed based on the presence of a full-size CRISPR locus (as defined for each subtype in the scientific literature), predicted activity at room temperature, and simple predicted respective protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs). With this selection criteria, the list was narrowed to 25 top candidates. However, in silico identification alone is not sufficient to guarantee functionality of a putative CRISPR system. Here, four candidate systems were further investigated and shown to be functional. Provided herein are novel class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems including a CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (CASCADE) that includes a plurality of Cas proteins, and an artificial guide RNA (gRNA). The artificial gRNA is not, or otherwise excludes, a naturally occurring gRNA. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is from: i) a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex; ii) a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex; iii) an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex; or iv) a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes a Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein further comprises a Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or Fok1 nuclease domain. In some aspects, an effector molecule (e.g., a transcriptional activator, a transcriptional repressor, a base editor, a reporter, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), etc.) is linked to one or more Cas proteins. In some aspects, a base ^{9582-111817-02} editor (e.g., cytidine deaminase or adenine deaminase) is linked to one or more Cas proteins disclosed herein (thereby linked to a CASCADE complex disclosed herein). Further provided are recombinant nucleic acids encoding one or more components of a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid encodes one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid encodes two or more of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid includes one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38, or a degenerate variant thereof. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid includes two or more of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38, or a degenerate variant thereof. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acids are codon optimized for expression in a host cell. Also disclosed are vectors including a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein, and host cells including a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein, or a recombinant nucleic acid or vector disclosed herein. Also provided are methods of modifying a target nucleic acid sequence or altering expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell, including introducing a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein into the cell. In some aspects, introducing the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system into the cell includes transforming the cell with a nucleic acid (including a vector) encoding the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system, or transforming a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle including the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system. In some aspects, the cell is a plant cell. Further provided are plants regenerated from cells transformed with nucleic acids, vectors, or RNPs disclosed herein. The foregoing and other features of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description which proceeds with reference to the accompanying figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIGS.1A-1B show Sphingobium amiense DSM16289 type IC system bioinformatic characterization and PAM prediction. FIGS.2A-2B show Methylomonas methanica MC09 type IF system bioinformatic characterization and PAM prediction. FIGS.3A-3B show Pragia fontium 24613 type IF system bioinformatic characterization and PAM prediction. FIGS.4A-4B show Alteromonas mediterranea CP48/49 type IF system bioinformatic characterization and PAM prediction. FIGS.5A-5C show the preparation of a single T-DNA vector encoding Cas3, CASCADE and gRNA. The components were allocated into three cassettes. Cassettes 1 and 2 encode Cas3 and Cas proteins forming CASCADE while cassette 3 encodes either mature gRNA or gRNA to be self- processed. After cloning cassettes into individual Golden Gate (FIG.5A) and Gateway LR assembly compatible vectors, Golden Gate reaction is used to introduce cassettes 2 and 3 into a single Gateway entry clone (FIG.5B). Afterwards, using Gateway LR reaction, Cassette 1 is added to cassettes 2 and 3 into the final T-DNA vector (FIG.5C). ^{9582-111817-02} FIG.6 shows a schematic representation of PCR amplicon preparation in relation to a target site. Amplicons of different sizes were prepared ranging from 0.5 kbp to 5 kbp to capture deletions introduced by class 1 type I CRISPR systems. FIG.7 shows nanopore sequencing results of Methylomonas methanica MC09 – type IF biological replicate III at OsGS3-gR1 target site in rice protoplasts. FIG.8 shows nanopore sequencing results of Methylomonas methanica MC09 – type IF biological replicate IV at OsGS3-gR1 target site in rice protoplasts. FIG.9 shows agarose gel results of long-range nested PCR at OsGS3 and OsGW2 target sites. Arrows note putative deletions and asterisks note WT amplicons. Protospacers are shown above with the PAM sequence underlined. FIGS.10A-10B show IGV coverage of two transgenic events at two target sites (FIG.10A) and genome editing summary statistics (FIG.10B). FIGS.11A-11D show editing efficiency (FIG.11A) and deletion size and frequency (FIGS. 11B-11D) for the two target sites (OsGS3 and OsGW2) based on SIQ output. SEQUENCES The nucleic and amino acid sequences listed in the accompanying sequence listing are shown using standard letter abbreviations for nucleotide bases, and single letter code for amino acids, in compliance with 37 C.F.R. § 1.831-1.834. Only one strand of each nucleic acid sequence is shown, but the complementary strand is understood as included by any reference to the displayed strand. In the accompanying sequence listing: SEQ ID NO: 1 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas5f from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. MSYRQFLLLPHLKIHNANALSSPYTIGFPAMTAWLGAVHALQRQLRQQGLSELQLNGVAVS CHQFDLQTYQGPGDFVRSIVGTANPLDKDGRRPAFVEEARCHLEVSLLIEIQGLDSDDDQRFI ELVNQQVQRMKFAGGDLLSSRPVEILPVNEDEPASMKKALNKLMLGYVLIERRALLADSMR QEGQDALDALLDYLTIQHRATQDGETVSWESKRKTAGWLVPIAVGFQGISKPGVAKHQRDP DTPHRFAESVVTLGEFVMPHRINTLDDMLWQYRVDLQRNLYLCQTLSNA SEQ ID NO: 2 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas6 from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. MHIYLEITLLPNPEIGLNFLWSKVFQQLHLGFVEMQGGEGRSPIGVGFPKYWIKDAKFGLGDK CRLFAADEASLERFAAPQRLARLSDYVHCTGIRPVPEKLSGYAVYRRERPKTNPERLARRYA KRHGLDLETALNTTVELKAPVGDAVYPATFRYADMAIPSVALPFIRLQSLSGGQTFCLWIAK TEVAEPVVGRFSTYGLSSSAATVPEF SEQ ID NO: 3 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas7f from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. MAVKNDATVLAFEKKLVPSDGYLYGTTWNDRSKVKPLTLTPKSVRGTISNRLKPALQNDPL KLNAEVEKPNLQTVDACALAEDQDTLKLSFTLKVLGGIDKPSASNGPEFNKSYHGVAQNYV AETGFTELAKRYAINIANGRYLWRNRVGAEKVEVVVSLNEGETLSFDAKQFSLRDFNADSPD ^{9582-111817-02} LQKLAGKIAAALSGNLPYLLIRVEAYALVGSAQEVYPSEELVLDKGKGNKSKILYAVNGTAA LHSQKIGNAIRTIDTWYPAFAEAGIGPIAIEPYGSVTNLGKAFRTPKDKADFYSLFDRFALGET LASKDQEHYVMAVLVRGGVFGQSGKEKE SEQ ID NO: 4 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas8f from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. MGGIILAIEEFLIGRRNEFIEKEVAKEIKDKEQKYEKLIESFKDKELINDKVALEKKKLEEAALK AKKKAQPVADEKYDVKTWLRKVSTQAKPNIVTHPAKFTNPKIDTASSIIYHGEQHNDGYVRT GNVKLSVNVDVSGNSATNTIIFELYSLLGITLQDNKKVINYFEEDVKELVKYMSDMGIKYKD FKDKCLNVFYGMNSEQSTHEMVRQVYFPVNTPLADYHLLSAVTASMLMFEVKNRIDGFNRR VNGQNIRNLKKNNQFHGEGFDEIPNLTEIWFGYSSNEDASRFTKMGNVSLLNVRNQKAYLIP SIPPQIQQRQVRLPSQNFFKNSLNPKRFKDDFQPLDKLIRSDLNNIHIREGIRNCLKYLIDRVLQ RAFAVRAFGVGWSQTEHYQNLPRAQRIWLDDAYLEQRQQEEEWLEEIVLAFANWILDSYEL LFKQTCKQLSDYELREVKRYVELAVSDDQEFFK SEQ ID NO: 5 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas2-Cas3 from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. MVTFVSQCQKKALARTRRVLDAFANRIGDNTWQTGITEEGLQAVKKLLRKTATKSTAVSCH WLRSRSRSELVWIVGNRRCFNSEGIVPVNTTQKSVLKNEWENDWHYLPVIKALVAVAALLH DWGKATALFQSKLKSGTRDGDPLRHEWISCLLLNALVKQAGNTDDGWLQLLTRGALDEQAI KQQVLAKTEKPLDDLPPTAQLVGWLILSHHRLPLRSDPARDSNQARESMARMLKSIAADWG YQNKVDDALFEKRLPQCFDFPAGLLSQSSPWLKQLQKWSARLSQAQPQIQELLDNGAYRLA LHHARLCLMLGDHYYSSLAADHKWQTTIDLIANTDKDRKPKQKLDEHLVRVCEQALRISQN LSRFSTDMEPARDVKKLKQKSPPGYQWQDKAVDKIAGFKKQHETLSDKGYGWFIVNMAST GCGKTVANAKIMRALSDDGDSLRFVLALGLRTLTLQTGDEYRNLIGMGKDDLAVLIGSSAV QELHNQAKRDQQTEPSFEESGSESLELLLGEELNYETMPTAEFLDAVLRHDKHKAFLYKPVL ACTIDHIIAATETRRGGKYILPCLRLLSSDLVIDEVDDFDGKDLIAIGRLIQLAGMLGRKVMISS ATIPPALAEGYFHVYQAGWQLHSRFKSAHPQIACAWVDEFATEVQWLERIEAPAHYQPYRD AHQAFIEKRVEQLLAQPVKRKARIVRCDELLAEKKDQAARQRLYFEIIQQTAIELHRQHHTID AKTGKSVSFGVVRMANIPPCVAVSQFLLDTVWPEGTAPKVMAYHSRQVLLLRHEQEKHLDA VLKRKESANDQPQAFSNTVIRQHLDSTSAQHVLFILVATPVEEVGRDHDFDWAVIEPSSYRSII QMAGRVRRHRPSGVEQPNIAILQYNLKALRRDGKPAYCRPGYELPSLKLEFHDLCQLVDEAA LNAAINAVPRIRQPENLRPKQQLADLEHQVMGNQLTGYHKQGPIHLQAWVAEAWWLTAVP QQLNRFRDSAPDISLYRLWQDGDVDFFAKNERGEFMPYAERRNIKNAPPSPEHWQQRLWMV RNYAASLARGVAEKNPENEQERQIEWDSKRYGEITFPDNKDQSFLYSDQFGLYPRDI SEQ ID NO: 6 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas5 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. MKVERVSYDVITPSAARGILEAIHWKPAIRWHVDRIHVLRPVRFRSIRRNEVGAKASAANVV SAMKRGTTEGLGIAVDENRQQRAALVLVDVAYVIEAHFTLTGKAGPEDSAAKHVSMFNRRA AQGQCFHRPCLGTREFDAEFALIADGEPLPPCELPADRRDADLGWMLHDIDFANGNESRFFR AKMKDGVIEVPPFSADEVVA SEQ ID NO: 7 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas7 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. MSNPVTNRHEFILYFDVTNGNPNGDPDAGNMPRLDPETNLGLVSDVALKRKVRNYVAMAS DNRIYMSEGSTLNLLHKEAWAAVMPDVTKTEDFKKLPKEEAKARELTAWMCSNFWDVRTF GAVMSTGVNAGQVRGPVQFSFARSVEPILPLEISITRMAATTEKDAEEKGARTMGRKHIVPY GLYRAHGYVSAPLASHPVKGTGFSEDDLELLWQALGNMFDHDRSAARGEMASRKLILFRHQ SALGNAQAQSLFDRVRTLRVHQGAAHEIGSDGYYKNTDNWPPARRWEDYRVTIDRENLPSG VEIIER ^{9582-111817-02} SEQ ID NO: 8 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas8c from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. MTILQALDRYYHRLEGVAEPGCSPEKFGWCIILDPDGRVVDVEDRHDLSGKKPRPKIHMVPA AVKRTVGIAPNFLWDKSAYVLGRTAGEGKRTAQEHAAFVTTHLERLAGQEDEGLVALRRFL EQWRPEHFDQSDKFRPEMLDANFMFRLDGDMAYLHDRPAARALASARAGDEEGDGVFCLI SGERGPIARLHPTIKGVEGAQTAGAALVSFNLDAFTSLGKDQGANAPTSQAAAFRYGAALNH LLTRDGPNRVRRPIGDATVVFWADASDAKAAEAADALFGNWMAGDITDAEEARKIGEEMD AVSKGRPIAELRADIEPGTRFHILGLSPNAARLSVRYWLTGTLDEFARRLADHHADLRIEPVP MGWGRAPSVNRLLARTTALQEKFENIPPLLAGEVMRAVLSGGRYPQSLLAAAIIRLRAGDDP LSGWHAAVIRAVLHRDHRIDPKKEDVPVSLAPDEPNRAYQLGRLFAVLETAQRMALGRVNA TIRDRYFGAASATPASVFPLLLRGAQNHLGKLRKSGKGGWVEREIEDILEKLSLDLPRALPLA EQGRFAVGYYHQRKDQFKGRPEVAAELEAAESATEQGDEE SEQ ID NO: 9 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas11 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. MVSLAPDEPNRAYQLGRLFAVLETAQRMALGRVNATIRDRYFGAASATPASVFPLLLRGAQ NHLGKLRKSGKGGWVEREIEDILEKLSLDLPRALPLAEQGRFAVGYYHQRKDQFKGRPEVA AELEAAESATEQGDEE SEQ ID NO: 10 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas3 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. MGLLHDIGKMSESYQNYIRSAPKAGGPKGPDHSSAGAKEAARLYQPYLGRIMAFGLAGHHA GLMDGGGHEGGNLSMRLTKSVEDYTGWEDHVLGLPGAEVLTTGLPRFDRNRIDATFSPSFF VRMLFSCLVDADFLATEAFLTQASGEPLPARGGVITADHLAKVRTYMAGHRRCDTPLNRLR SQILDHANGKAGLPTGLFTMTVPTGGGKTLTSLSFAMEHAAAHDLRRIIYVIPFTSIIEQTAEIF RKILGDEDVLEHHSSFDWDRREPARENDEDDEGPAGLAKLRRDAQNWDAPLIVTTAVQFFE SLFAARTSKARKLHNLAKSVIILDEAQSIPIHLLRPCMAAIDELARNYGATVILCTATQPALRV QDGALPRKTRDGHAEGLEIGDDRELAPDPQGLYKQLRRVRVEWRHDPVSDAEIAARFAAQP QMLCIVNSRAHARDLFEAIEKQDGAAHLTTLMCARHRRAVLADLRQRLAARLPVRLVATSLI EAGVDVDFPEVWRAVAGLSNIAQAAGRCNREGRIEGLGRTVVFEPAEVEGRKPVPRAMIPFY QAAKNAERKIMRDPDADILGLEAVREYYRWLYWEQGYAALDKARLPDGSPIEIIAAIRDSCR RLEFPFARIAQAFRMIDDVMDPVIVPWGATTEEKASIDALIAEMKDESRPFLPSGAQRRLQQY IVPVPSGARQTLLASGAAQAIRAKDYGDSFVLLENPSLYDERFGLRLDDPTWRTSESNIM SEQ ID NO: 11 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas5fv from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. MKIIIEYDSCWRNSFLGGSNNEPVPKKGREFLGSMTNLKKEGNFKFHETTLNTVMGVLNRLI GDQRKLYQARNKLYEQSYYFENLEDKVSFTDKAEKTNEITFIRNMNGSKDQQSFTGMVKAD DPVFTSGYSKEFLGVLKLNPSELCDFILDSGFVVNKEVRLSPLYVADLVDEILDMGSVENVNR INEAVELLTNKYSDLVTDKVPTPYIESNGKVKLIRLYSAGLYIQLERLHLRFDMSSSLSPRGSIS GFSKRGYNGRRDFMNKYTTGKPKLIWGNPFIKKEKIKGQGEVTSMMTKANGQLEITIDVDRT KGHEIKTLIENAGVSSFYLGKKGLAYVSSIRV SEQ ID NO: 12 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas6 from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. MNSYIDVVLKPDAELREAELSSKVFTKFHKGLVALKTDQIGISFPKVRVKLGLVYRLHGNVD KLKELQELNWLGPLIGYCNVSDICPIPEIVQHRNVREIRSNLSSSKLRRLVTRGSIDKQGEKRY KIKMLSNSFDNPYLDILSSSTGQVYRKFFYFGEVQAEPIVGPFDSYGLSKSATIPWF ^{9582-111817-02} SEQ ID NO: 13 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas7fv from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. MERVTGIKSVDFKIKALGHGVVNWNGPTKLKGEHPLKPYENHTMPKLRGYTNSFENEYDEG TTQKGNSFKVPRLKEAADIDFKKTPLYISQNCIRHHLFKEQSFDLHFAGEKNLEKVLASITGLI RGYVVPASQCKRTSCLLIEDFIDQLGNGNFEQFGKAGERDSSSFFSKTTFGDTEYTSYGSISIEQ MQFISLDKKFDRASMIIKEGQGEQVALTVQSFIKSLDPARDPKATFHSNYVRHGTIFEEGECGI LLNEEAIHTLVEHTLSRIANLSIRQAKGYMYVDEIIVDYNDSHKMMRIKRDESEIIPEPQSNYA QYFYAK SEQ ID NO: 14 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas2-Cas3 from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. MVTFVSQCEKNALKKTRRVLDAFANRIGDNTWQILITEEGLLTVKKMLRQTASKSTAVSCH WIRSRSRSELLWIVGSKSKFNSEGVVPVNKTEKEVLMDVTTGKPKKGVLYANTKLQPLAEHL FAVGYIAEQLHQKLFPYSPQFSIVNFIAGCLHDLGKIDPLFQQWVTGPKKKNYIPDDGQHIDT AKFSFEKHPRHNEISLLLCHLMDEASSQYISSKNKESIKHAIYWHHAKPFRKDKASFSTYKGIY KKFNANQKDCTFGEVVERAQILLHQVVNMDKTYRGQDVSILDRAFSKAPFSEDDSDILSSLH VPRYKEYELEESVKSNQANVKPNALNNIARSCVITADRIVSAFSANELHDAIIEQTLGNVVNEI LYTESNLASEIDTCLTSFYPNSERSVKQREIAQALTHAPSVAVLAGAAGCGKTKIALEWASLQ NVQKIIWVCPRVQVCQGLFYELTSEQYLPNSTIEINTGEFKFHNKWDNPIEADDYFSGDIVITTI DQLLGSVISHTKADTLIDYLNAYVVFDEFHEYVNMPAFNLLLAELVTAKKMQEKSNVLLVS ATPHYLFVEELLGVEKEDIIEMPSFNTSQYQIDFKVFDDTKFNQANPLFTPQSDTTFVISNMAL TAQNSFVANQHDENAVLLHSKFIKSDKRKWFSEVFESFKKGGARKFDVLRSGPIVQASLNISC NAMTTEITNAEDSLQRLGRLDRFGENDGVNVYTLAVPESIANAKGKSPAANFLSKMYTLHST RKWYQHLLNSLEGKIFTLPEIYSLYKEFHHSEETRTFIESDLVASLKKSVEKINAQVVDPIFIPS KKQKDKGRGKIAKSSLRGDNRFVQLAMIDVSKNEPEYLEQYAYTMPLDDESDIDNLTYSTSA IQGYEQSDKDLLSYMFAKHHNIKGGKKPYKDFVLLNDARDPEYPIYLSYTTNDLLAVGGESS RHPHAIYYAICDKQPIGAISINQINQTTENEE SEQ ID NO: 15 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas5f(Csy2) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. MNVLILPHINIHNANALSSSFTIGFPAMTAWLGFVHALERKLNQAGLPELMLHSAAVVSHRC DVQTHKGEGDFVHSIIGTGNPLDKDGSRSAFIEEARCHLDVSLVIEWGGNEDQVQHADFAEQ LQAVIATMKVAGGDVLSMHRPLNQSVDIDNPQETRALLRKLMPGYVLIERRDLMTEAMAQ GSDALDALLSYLTVNHRCEQLEDGSVIWRSQRKASGWIVPIATGFQGISPLGEAKNQRDPSVP HRFAESVVTLGEFVMAHKIQHLDDMLWHYHNDLENDLYLCQQVNAINEHQ SEQ ID NO: 16 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas6(Csy4) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. MKFYQEITLLPDADISLGFLWQNVFQQVHIALVEHKVDTNQSAVAVGFPDYRQAQFPLGSKL RLFAKEQATLEKIAINQWLARLKDYVHIKGIKPVPSDVTYVSFVRKQVKSPERIERDMQQKS ALWAAKSGKSLAECLIELEKSKPTDLCRLPFIYLHSQQTKQRSPDKNSKFPLFIEMHPQSASLD GVFDCYGLSAKASGKPAFATVPHF SEQ ID NO: 17 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas7f(Csy3) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. MAKNNDTASVLAFEKKLVPSDGYLFGTNWETKEQTTPLALQEKSVRGTISNRFNKKDVGEF TKDPAKLDAKVESPNLQRVDACALGQDQDTLKLHFTLKVLGGLAQPSACNNALFKQSYSAA VGQYIAKHGCLELAKRYATNLANARFLWRNRVGAEEIEVQVKALNKGAEQTWTFDAKQFS TRHFEHNDAQINSLADRIAQALASESGHLMLQIDCYANVGKAQEVYPSEELVLDKGNSKTKK ^{9582-111817-02} SKILYAVNEHAAMHSQKIGNTLRSIDTWYPEYVSGEQSAGAIAIEPYGAVTNLGKAFRTPKD KQDFYTFFDKWARGEALAREEDEHYLVAVLVRGGVFGESDK SEQ ID NO: 18 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas8f(Csy1) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. MIDPAIATFFAERKEAWLKKNISAAMQASEVYEKQQECEQNFLLVNWLPDAARRAGQISVA SHPCTFSHPSARKNKNGYVSSIIAKNKPRTDGFLRSGNVSVEPDALGNAAALDVYKFLSLAM SDQRSLLVHIEQESELARQLLNVPTCDYQTLRDGFLKMINTDQASVSSSKIKQVYFPIADGEY HLLSLLTHSGHLFELRKRLDALRFGEEVKKVRECKKSNHFHPTGYQEIFGLTTIGFGGTKPQNI SVLNNQNAGKAHLLASIPPDLKPRDIRLPKTDFFKESFTAWQSKEVLESLHRLFITDYNNIHIR EGRDYRIQQYVDLVIEKMWQVRLFLAEYQGELPDELLQEQKIWLYPEFEQQREQEDEWLDK ITRQIARSLILHYSRSKVIANPVLLADQELLAIEKVVSSNKENLR SEQ ID NO: 19 is an exemplary amino acid sequence of Cas2-Cas3 from a Pragia fontium type IF system. MVTFISQCEKNALKKTRRVLDAFANRIGDNTWQTLITEEGLLTVKKMLRQTASRSTAVSCH WIRSRSRSQFLWVVGNKKKFNAEGVVPVNSTEKDLLNSEYESDWKYLPLIKTLAAMAALLH DWGKASLLFQAKLNPEIKTKYKGDPLRHEWVSCLLFHQFVTNHTNENHDRAWLNSLINQGI DEPSFNSNSLLREKALAELPSAAALIAWLIVSHHRLPLPKEQELCKAQRENSNASLADLLAKIT PSWGYENRFDEYNSLLPKCFEFPLGLLSNAQTWLAELKHRAKDLLHHLPLLEQAMNDGSWR VILHHARLCLMLGDHYYSSQANDPQWHSSSELYANTDPSTKALKQKLDEHLVNVAKVTVN TVKLLPFFESEPLKATELTELAPKACTPKAFRWQDKAVRKIIEWREHTEDKSQGYFVVNMAS TGCGKTMANAKIMQALSEDGESLRFILALGLRTLTLQTGDEYKLRLKLQDSDIAVLIGSKAIY ELHQSGKQVDKEEIELNQAELGSESMESLQEETDELYWQGVLPEEELTTVLTKEKDRKLLYA PVLACTIDHIMAATETKRGGRYILPCLRLMSSDLVIDEIDDFTEDDLIAIGRLVHLAGMLGRKV MISSATIPPDLALGLYNAYRQGWAVFAASRDRTTSINCVYVDEFTAHTELVGSSDENLDAYQ AFQQGFIIKRVEKLKQQTAKRKAEIIPCLKQPSLPLEKQYFETVKQAVLDKHQHYFTLDPESQ TQVSFGVVRVANIQPCVELTKHLLSSDWPEDTEIRCMAYHSQQVLLLRHEQEKHLDEVLKRK EKAGELPAAFAHPTIRGHLDTCGAKNLIFILVATPVEEVGRDHDFDWAVIEPSSYRSIIQMAGR VRRHRDGEIIAPNIGLLQYNVKGFKGGEERVFNHPGYETDRTTQLVTHDLTQLVDEKTLLQS VNAIARIQKRTTLEPQKNLADLEHFATAKTLGTDQIGKPEVTTASRQERYSRNRRDRQPHPY WSEHLHGHLHGYWWLTALPQYFKRFRKSEPTVQIYLVKKTRSIEFCLREEQGGLCPIERVLNI QHQPLAPEQQQKLWLQRDYCELIGQYSSSAEQEFATSVRYGEISFIYREGNQQYSYNDQLGL VRES SEQ ID NO: 20 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas5f from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. ATGTCCTACAGGCAGTTCCTCCTGCTGCCACACCTGAAGATCCATAACGCTAACGCCCTC AGCTCACCCTATACAATCGGATTTCCAGCGATGACAGCTTGGCTGGGGGCTGTTCATGCG CTCCAAAGGCAGTTGCGGCAACAGGGACTCTCGGAGCTCCAACTGAACGGTGTGGCGGT GTCATGCCATCAATTTGATCTTCAGACCTACCAAGGACCAGGAGATTTTGTTCGCTCCAT CGTGGGAACCGCAAACCCACTCGATAAAGACGGAAGGCGGCCCGCATTCGTTGAGGAGG CGAGGTGTCACCTCGAAGTGTCCCTTCTGATTGAAATCCAGGGATTGGACAGCGATGACG ACCAGAGGTTCATCGAGCTCGTGAATCAACAAGTCCAGAGGATGAAGTTTGCGGGAGGC GACCTCCTTTCTTCTCGCCCTGTTGAAATACTTCCCGTCAACGAAGACGAGCCGGCCTCG ATGAAGAAAGCTCTCAATAAGCTGATGCTTGGGTATGTCCTCATAGAGCGGCGGGCCCTT CTTGCGGACTCAATGAGGCAGGAAGGCCAAGACGCGCTCGACGCACTGCTTGATTACCT TACCATACAGCACCGCGCCACGCAAGACGGAGAAACGGTGTCTTGGGAATCGAAACGCA AGACTGCGGGATGGCTTGTTCCGATTGCTGTTGGGTTTCAGGGGATTTCGAAACCAGGCG TGGCAAAGCACCAGAGGGATCCAGACACACCTCACAGATTCGCCGAATCAGTTGTCACG ^{9582-111817-02} CTTGGAGAATTCGTTATGCCTCACCGGATAAACACACTTGATGACATGCTCTGGCAATAT AGAGTCGACCTTCAACGCAATCTGTACCTTTGTCAGACGTTGTCTAACGCC SEQ ID NO: 21 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas6 from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. ATGCACATTTACCTTGAAATAACTTTGTTGCCTAACCCAGAGATCGGACTCAATTTCTTGT GGTCTAAGGTCTTCCAACAGCTTCACCTGGGATTCGTTGAAATGCAGGGTGGGGAGGGC CGGAGCCCAATTGGTGTGGGATTCCCCAAATACTGGATCAAAGACGCTAAATTTGGCCTT GGGGACAAATGTAGGTTGTTCGCTGCAGATGAAGCATCACTGGAGCGCTTTGCAGCTCC ACAGCGCCTGGCCAGACTTTCCGACTACGTTCACTGTACGGGTATACGCCCCGTTCCAGA AAAACTCAGCGGTTACGCGGTCTACCGCAGGGAAAGACCAAAAACTAACCCGGAGAGG CTCGCAAGAAGGTACGCTAAGCGCCATGGGTTGGATCTGGAAACAGCTTTGAACACGAC AGTCGAGTTGAAGGCGCCAGTCGGGGATGCAGTCTACCCAGCAACATTCCGGTACGCCG ACATGGCAATTCCCAGCGTCGCGCTGCCCTTTATAAGGTTGCAGTCCCTCTCAGGAGGTC AAACGTTTTGTTTGTGGATAGCGAAGACAGAAGTGGCTGAACCAGTTGTTGGTCGCTTTT CCACATACGGATTGTCCTCTTCTGCAGCTACGGTCCCTGAATTC SEQ ID NO: 22 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas7f from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. ATGGCTGTGAAGAATGACGCTACTGTTTTGGCGTTCGAAAAAAAGCTCGTTCCCTCAGAT GGCTACTTGTACGGTACAACGTGGAACGATCGCAGCAAAGTCAAACCTCTGACACTCAC ACCGAAATCGGTTCGGGGGACTATTTCTAATCGGCTCAAGCCGGCACTGCAAAACGATC CTTTGAAGCTGAACGCGGAAGTCGAGAAGCCAAACTTGCAGACTGTTGACGCGTGCGCG CTCGCCGAAGATCAAGATACCCTGAAACTTTCTTTCACCCTGAAAGTGCTTGGTGGAATT GATAAACCGAGCGCCAGCAATGGACCCGAGTTTAATAAATCATACCATGGAGTCGCGCA GAACTATGTTGCAGAAACGGGCTTTACAGAGTTGGCGAAGCGGTATGCTATAAATATAG CTAACGGGCGCTACCTTTGGAGGAACAGAGTTGGGGCCGAGAAAGTGGAGGTTGTGGTT TCACTGAACGAGGGCGAAACGCTCAGCTTCGATGCTAAGCAATTTTCCTTGAGGGATTTC AATGCCGATTCGCCTGACTTGCAGAAACTCGCGGGAAAAATCGCCGCGGCACTGTCAGG TAACCTCCCTTACCTGCTCATCCGCGTTGAAGCGTACGCACTGGTCGGGTCTGCCCAGGA AGTCTACCCTTCCGAAGAATTGGTGCTTGACAAGGGAAAGGGCAATAAAAGCAAAATAC TTTACGCTGTGAATGGAACGGCCGCTCTTCATTCGCAAAAAATAGGAAATGCTATACGCA CGATTGACACTTGGTATCCCGCTTTTGCCGAAGCCGGAATTGGTCCTATCGCCATAGAGC CATATGGGTCTGTTACTAACTTGGGTAAGGCATTTCGGACGCCAAAGGATAAAGCCGACT TCTATTCTCTCTTTGATAGGTTCGCCTTGGGAGAAACTCTTGCATCAAAGGATCAAGAAC ACTATGTTATGGCGGTTCTCGTCAGAGGGGGAGTGTTCGGTCAATCTGGCAAAGAAAAG GAA SEQ ID NO: 23 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas8f from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. ATGGGTGGTATTATCCTTGCGATAGAAGAATTTTTGATCGGTCGCCGCAATGAATTTATT GAGAAGGAAGTCGCTAAAGAGATCAAGGACAAAGAACAGAAATACGAAAAGCTCATTG AATCTTTCAAAGATAAAGAGCTTATAAACGATAAGGTGGCCTTGGAGAAAAAAAAGTTG GAGGAGGCGGCTCTGAAAGCAAAAAAGAAGGCACAGCCGGTTGCCGACGAAAAGTATG ATGTCAAGACTTGGCTTAGGAAAGTTAGCACTCAAGCTAAACCCAACATTGTGACACATC CGGCAAAATTCACGAACCCAAAGATCGACACAGCGTCCTCGATAATTTACCATGGGGAA CAACATAACGACGGTTACGTGCGCACTGGTAATGTTAAACTTTCAGTCAATGTTGACGTT TCCGGCAATTCTGCTACCAATACTATCATCTTCGAACTTTATTCGCTCTTGGGGATTACCC TGCAGGACAATAAAAAAGTCATTAACTACTTTGAGGAGGATGTTAAAGAGCTTGTCAAG TACATGTCCGATATGGGTATCAAGTATAAGGATTTCAAGGACAAGTGTTTGAATGTTTTT TATGGGATGAACTCTGAGCAGTCAACACACGAGATGGTTAGGCAAGTCTACTTTCCAGTT AATACTCCCTTGGCGGACTATCACCTCTTGTCGGCGGTTACAGCATCCATGCTGATGTTC ^{9582-111817-02} GAGGTCAAGAATAGGATTGACGGCTTCAATAGAAGGGTCAATGGCCAGAATATTCGGAA CCTCAAGAAGAACAACCAATTCCACGGGGAAGGGTTCGATGAAATACCGAACCTTACTG AAATTTGGTTTGGTTACTCGTCAAATGAAGATGCCTCTCGCTTTACCAAGATGGGAAATG TCAGCCTCTTGAATGTCAGAAACCAAAAGGCCTATCTGATACCTTCAATACCACCTCAGA TCCAGCAGCGCCAAGTCAGACTTCCGTCGCAAAATTTTTTCAAGAATAGTCTTAACCCGA AGCGGTTTAAAGATGACTTTCAACCCTTGGACAAACTCATACGGTCTGATTTGAACAACA TTCACATTAGAGAAGGCATCAGGAATTGCCTTAAGTACCTTATAGATAGGGTTCTTCAGC GGGCCTTTGCCGTTAGAGCGTTTGGGGTTGGTTGGAGCCAAACGGAGCACTACCAGAAC CTGCCCAGGGCGCAGAGGATTTGGTTGGATGACGCCTACCTGGAACAGAGGCAGCAGGA AGAAGAGTGGTTGGAAGAGATAGTCCTGGCTTTCGCAAATTGGATCTTGGACTCATATGA ACTCCTTTTTAAGCAGACTTGCAAGCAGCTGTCCGACTACGAGCTCAGAGAAGTGAAAA GGTACGTGGAACTGGCTGTCAGCGATGATCAAGAGTTTTTCAAA SEQ ID NO: 24 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas2-Cas3 from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. ATGGTGACATTTGTGTCGCAATGCCAGAAGAAGGCTTTGGCGCGGACGAGGCGGGTGCT TGACGCATTTGCCAATCGCATAGGTGATAACACGTGGCAAACAGGCATCACAGAGGAAG GTCTGCAAGCTGTCAAGAAGTTGCTTCGGAAAACTGCGACAAAATCAACAGCTGTTTCGT GTCATTGGCTTAGGTCGCGCTCGAGGTCCGAGCTTGTTTGGATTGTCGGCAACAGGAGAT GCTTTAACTCCGAAGGTATCGTTCCGGTGAACACTACACAGAAGTCAGTTCTCAAGAACG AATGGGAAAACGACTGGCATTACCTCCCGGTCATAAAGGCACTCGTCGCTGTGGCAGCTT TGCTCCATGATTGGGGTAAAGCAACAGCACTTTTTCAATCAAAGCTGAAATCGGGAACTA GAGATGGTGATCCCCTCCGCCACGAATGGATCTCATGCTTGCTTCTTAATGCCCTTGTCA AACAAGCTGGTAATACTGACGATGGATGGCTTCAACTCCTGACTCGCGGTGCATTGGACG AGCAGGCCATCAAACAACAGGTTCTGGCTAAGACAGAGAAGCCTCTGGATGATCTCCCG CCAACTGCCCAGCTGGTCGGCTGGCTCATCTTGTCACACCACCGCCTGCCTCTTAGATCA GACCCAGCGCGCGATTCGAACCAGGCGCGCGAATCAATGGCAAGGATGCTCAAATCCAT CGCAGCCGACTGGGGATATCAAAACAAAGTTGACGACGCCCTTTTTGAAAAGAGACTCC CACAATGTTTTGATTTTCCGGCGGGCCTGTTGTCGCAATCATCACCTTGGCTGAAGCAGC TGCAGAAGTGGTCTGCCCGCCTTTCGCAGGCCCAGCCACAAATACAGGAACTCCTCGAC AATGGGGCTTACAGGTTGGCGCTTCACCATGCAAGATTGTGCCTGATGTTGGGTGACCAT TACTACTCTTCCCTGGCTGCTGACCATAAGTGGCAAACTACCATAGATCTTATCGCCAAT ACTGATAAGGACAGGAAGCCAAAACAGAAACTTGACGAACATTTGGTCAGAGTCTGCGA ACAGGCCCTTAGGATTTCCCAGAATCTTAGCCGGTTTTCAACAGACATGGAACCAGCAAG AGATGTCAAAAAGCTTAAGCAAAAGAGCCCACCTGGATACCAGTGGCAGGACAAGGCTG TGGATAAAATCGCCGGATTTAAGAAACAGCACGAGACTCTTTCCGATAAAGGCTACGGG TGGTTCATCGTCAACATGGCTTCTACGGGTTGTGGGAAAACTGTTGCAAACGCGAAAATC ATGCGGGCATTGTCGGATGACGGGGATTCGCTTCGCTTTGTTCTCGCATTGGGGTTGAGA ACGCTCACCCTCCAAACAGGTGACGAGTACAGGAACCTTATCGGTATGGGGAAGGACGA CCTGGCGGTCCTCATAGGTTCATCGGCTGTTCAGGAGCTTCATAATCAGGCTAAGAGGGA CCAGCAGACGGAACCCAGCTTTGAAGAGTCAGGTTCTGAATCTTTGGAATTGCTTCTTGG CGAGGAATTGAACTACGAGACAATGCCGACCGCCGAATTCCTCGACGCAGTGTTGAGAC ATGATAAGCATAAAGCCTTTCTGTATAAACCTGTCTTGGCATGCACAATTGACCACATCA TTGCTGCAACTGAGACTAGACGCGGGGGGAAGTATATATTGCCTTGCCTGAGGCTCTTGT CGTCCGATCTGGTGATTGACGAAGTTGATGATTTCGACGGTAAGGATCTGATTGCGATAG GGAGGCTTATTCAACTGGCAGGCATGTTGGGTCGCAAGGTGATGATTTCGTCAGCGACTA TTCCTCCAGCACTTGCTGAAGGCTATTTCCACGTCTATCAAGCGGGTTGGCAGCTCCACT CAAGATTTAAATCGGCGCACCCTCAGATAGCCTGCGCCTGGGTGGATGAATTTGCAACCG AGGTTCAATGGTTGGAGCGGATTGAAGCACCGGCTCACTACCAGCCCTATCGCGATGCG CACCAGGCATTTATAGAAAAGAGGGTGGAACAACTTCTGGCGCAACCTGTCAAGAGGAA AGCTAGAATCGTCAGATGCGATGAACTTCTTGCTGAGAAAAAGGATCAGGCAGCAAGGC AACGGCTTTACTTTGAAATTATTCAGCAAACCGCCATAGAGCTCCATCGGCAACACCATA CGATAGATGCGAAAACCGGTAAATCAGTGTCATTCGGTGTGGTGAGAATGGCTAACATT CCACCTTGTGTGGCGGTGTCGCAGTTTCTTCTCGACACGGTTTGGCCGGAAGGCACGGCA ^{9582-111817-02} CCGAAAGTTATGGCCTACCATTCAAGGCAGGTCTTGCTTTTGCGGCATGAGCAAGAGAA GCACCTTGATGCCGTCCTCAAAAGAAAAGAGTCCGCAAACGACCAGCCTCAGGCGTTCA GCAATACCGTGATCAGGCAGCATCTCGACTCCACAAGCGCACAACATGTCCTGTTTATCT TGGTGGCTACCCCTGTGGAAGAAGTGGGTCGGGACCATGATTTTGATTGGGCTGTGATCG AGCCCTCTTCTTACCGCTCAATAATCCAAATGGCTGGTCGCGTGAGAAGGCACAGGCCTA GCGGGGTCGAACAACCTAACATTGCCATCCTTCAATACAATTTGAAGGCACTGCGGCGG GATGGTAAACCAGCATACTGTCGCCCAGGCTATGAACTCCCGTCACTTAAGCTTGAATTT CATGACTTGTGTCAGTTGGTCGACGAGGCCGCCTTGAACGCTGCGATTAATGCCGTTCCC AGGATCAGGCAGCCCGAAAATTTGAGGCCGAAACAGCAGTTGGCTGACTTGGAACACCA AGTCATGGGAAACCAACTTACGGGTTATCATAAACAGGGTCCGATTCATCTGCAAGCCTG GGTGGCTGAGGCGTGGTGGCTTACGGCTGTTCCTCAGCAGCTGAATCGCTTCCGGGACTC CGCGCCTGACATAAGCCTTTACAGGCTCTGGCAGGATGGTGATGTCGACTTTTTCGCCAA GAACGAGCGCGGTGAGTTTATGCCCTACGCCGAACGCAGAAACATCAAGAATGCCCCGC CCTCACCAGAGCACTGGCAGCAACGGCTCTGGATGGTTCGGAACTATGCCGCGTCCTTGG CGCGGGGAGTTGCCGAGAAAAATCCAGAGAACGAACAAGAGCGGCAAATAGAGTGGGA CTCCAAGCGCTACGGTGAGATAACTTTTCCGGACAATAAGGACCAATCATTTCTGTATTC TGATCAGTTCGGGCTGTACCCACGGGACATT SEQ ID NO: 25 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas5 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. ATGAAAGTTGAAAGAGTTTCTTATGATGTTATTACCCCTTCGGCAGCCCGGGGCATACTG GAGGCCATACACTGGAAACCCGCCATTAGGTGGCATGTTGATCGGATTCATGTGTTGAGG CCAGTTAGGTTTCGCTCAATAAGAAGGAATGAAGTCGGTGCGAAAGCGTCGGCAGCAAA CGTGGTGTCTGCAATGAAACGCGGCACCACGGAGGGGCTGGGAATAGCTGTGGACGAAA ATAGACAACAAAGAGCGGCCCTGGTCCTTGTGGATGTTGCGTATGTTATCGAGGCGCACT TCACGCTTACTGGAAAGGCCGGGCCTGAAGACAGCGCAGCAAAGCATGTCTCTATGTTC AACAGAAGAGCTGCACAGGGGCAGTGTTTCCATCGCCCTTGTCTCGGTACGAGGGAGTT CGACGCAGAGTTTGCGCTGATAGCCGACGGCGAGCCCCTTCCTCCGTGTGAATTGCCCGC GGATAGGCGGGATGCAGACCTCGGCTGGATGCTCCACGACATCGACTTTGCTAATGGGA ATGAGAGCAGATTTTTTAGGGCTAAAATGAAAGACGGGGTCATAGAGGTGCCGCCCTTC AGCGCTGATGAAGTTGTTGCC SEQ ID NO: 26 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas7 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. ATGTCAAATCCAGTCACCAATAGACACGAGTTCATTCTTTACTTCGACGTTACGAATGGT AACCCCAACGGAGATCCCGACGCTGGCAACATGCCTCGCCTGGATCCAGAAACTAATTT GGGTTTGGTGTCTGATGTTGCACTCAAAAGGAAAGTCCGCAACTACGTCGCTATGGCATC GGATAACAGAATCTACATGAGCGAGGGTTCGACGCTCAATTTGTTGCACAAGGAAGCAT GGGCAGCAGTCATGCCAGATGTCACCAAAACCGAAGATTTTAAAAAGCTCCCTAAGGAG GAAGCTAAGGCTAGAGAACTTACAGCGTGGATGTGCTCGAACTTCTGGGATGTCAGGAC TTTCGGTGCCGTCATGTCCACAGGTGTTAATGCGGGGCAAGTGAGGGGCCCAGTGCAATT CTCATTCGCCCGGTCGGTTGAGCCAATTTTGCCATTGGAAATAAGCATCACGAGAATGGC AGCAACAACAGAAAAGGACGCTGAGGAGAAGGGTGCTAGGACAATGGGCCGCAAACAT ATAGTGCCATACGGCCTCTATCGGGCCCACGGTTATGTCTCCGCACCGCTTGCCTCTCATC CCGTGAAAGGCACGGGCTTTTCGGAAGATGACTTGGAACTGCTCTGGCAAGCATTGGGG AACATGTTCGACCACGACAGGTCTGCGGCACGCGGAGAAATGGCCTCACGGAAGTTGAT ACTTTTTCGGCACCAATCAGCACTTGGTAACGCTCAAGCCCAGTCCCTTTTTGACCGGGT GAGGACCCTTAGGGTCCACCAGGGAGCAGCTCACGAGATAGGCTCAGATGGGTATTATA AAAACACGGATAACTGGCCACCCGCTCGGCGCTGGGAGGACTATAGAGTGACCATTGAC CGGGAAAATCTTCCGTCGGGCGTTGAGATTATTGAGAGA ^{9582-111817-02} SEQ ID NO: 27 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas8c from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. ATGACGATTCTCCAAGCACTGGATAGATACTACCACAGGCTTGAAGGAGTGGCCGAGCC TGGTTGCTCACCAGAGAAATTCGGATGGTGTATAATCCTTGATCCGGATGGGAGAGTTGT TGACGTCGAAGATAGGCATGATTTGAGCGGGAAGAAACCGAGGCCCAAGATACACATGG TGCCCGCCGCGGTTAAGAGGACTGTGGGGATAGCGCCGAACTTCTTGTGGGACAAGAGC GCCTATGTGCTTGGCAGAACCGCCGGAGAGGGCAAGCGCACTGCACAGGAACACGCAGC CTTTGTGACTACGCACCTGGAACGCCTTGCCGGGCAGGAAGATGAGGGGCTCGTCGCCCT GAGGAGGTTTCTGGAGCAATGGCGGCCAGAGCATTTCGACCAAAGCGATAAGTTTCGCC CGGAAATGCTCGATGCTAACTTCATGTTCCGCCTTGACGGAGATATGGCTTACCTTCACG ACAGGCCGGCAGCCCGCGCCCTTGCTTCAGCCCGCGCTGGGGATGAGGAGGGTGACGGG GTCTTTTGTCTGATCTCAGGTGAGCGGGGACCCATAGCTAGATTGCACCCCACAATCAAG GGTGTGGAAGGAGCGCAAACCGCAGGCGCGGCTCTGGTTTCCTTTAATCTCGACGCATTT ACTTCGCTGGGAAAGGACCAAGGTGCGAATGCTCCAACGTCGCAAGCCGCAGCATTTAG GTATGGAGCCGCCCTCAATCATCTTCTGACCCGGGATGGCCCCAATCGGGTGAGAAGAC CGATCGGGGACGCCACTGTGGTCTTTTGGGCGGACGCTAGCGATGCAAAAGCTGCAGAG GCGGCTGACGCGCTCTTCGGCAACTGGATGGCGGGAGATATAACTGACGCCGAGGAGGC TAGGAAGATAGGGGAAGAGATGGACGCTGTTTCGAAAGGGCGCCCAATTGCAGAATTGA GAGCGGATATAGAACCCGGAACCCGGTTTCATATACTCGGACTCAGCCCAAATGCAGCT CGCCTGTCAGTTAGGTACTGGCTTACGGGAACCCTCGACGAATTCGCCAGGAGGCTGGC AGACCATCACGCAGATTTGCGGATCGAGCCGGTTCCTATGGGCTGGGGTCGGGCCCCTA GCGTGAACAGACTGCTCGCGCGGACAACGGCCCTGCAGGAGAAGTTTGAAAATATACCT CCGTTGCTCGCTGGCGAAGTGATGAGGGCAGTCCTCTCCGGGGGAAGATACCCTCAGTCT CTCCTCGCAGCTGCAATCATACGGTTGCGGGCCGGAGATGACCCCCTCTCTGGGTGGCAC GCGGCCGTCATAAGAGCTGTGTTGCATAGGGACCATCGCATTGACCCTAAAAAAGAAGA CGTTCCCGTGTCTTTGGCACCCGATGAACCAAACCGGGCCTACCAGCTCGGAAGATTGTT CGCAGTTTTGGAAACCGCGCAGCGCATGGCACTTGGAAGAGTCAACGCTACTATAAGAG ACAGATACTTCGGCGCAGCATCAGCGACGCCTGCATCGGTTTTCCCGCTGCTTTTGCGCG GTGCGCAGAATCATTTGGGGAAACTCCGGAAGTCGGGAAAGGGTGGGTGGGTTGAACGG GAGATAGAAGATATATTGGAAAAACTTTCTCTGGACCTTCCCCGCGCTCTCCCACTGGCC GAACAAGGCCGGTTTGCCGTGGGATACTACCATCAGAGAAAGGACCAATTTAAAGGCAG ACCAGAGGTGGCAGCTGAGCTGGAGGCTGCCGAAAGCGCTACTGAGCAGGGTGACGAA GAA SEQ ID NO: 28 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas11 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. ATGGTGTCCCTGGCCCCTGATGAGCCTAATAGGGCGTATCAACTTGGACGCCTGTTCGCT GTTCTTGAAACGGCCCAGCGGATGGCGCTGGGAAGGGTCAACGCTACCATAAGGGATAG GTATTTCGGGGCCGCATCAGCCACACCCGCTTCTGTGTTCCCTTTGCTCCTCCGGGGCGCA CAGAATCATTTGGGCAAGTTGCGCAAGAGCGGAAAGGGGGGATGGGTTGAGAGGGAAA TTGAGGATATATTGGAAAAACTTTCTCTGGACTTGCCGAGAGCTTTGCCACTGGCTGAGC AAGGACGGTTTGCCGTTGGGTATTATCACCAAAGGAAGGATCAATTTAAGGGTAGACCG GAAGTCGCGGCCGAACTTGAAGCCGCTGAATCCGCTACTGAGCAAGGTGACGAGGAA SEQ ID NO: 29 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas3 from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. ATGGGTCTGCTCCATGATATAGGTAAAATGTCAGAGTCCTACCAAAATTACATACGGTCA GCTCCAAAAGCAGGTGGGCCGAAGGGGCCGGACCACTCCTCTGCGGGCGCAAAAGAGG CCGCAAGACTGTATCAACCCTATCTGGGTAGGATCATGGCTTTTGGATTGGCTGGCCATC ACGCGGGACTGATGGATGGCGGAGGTCACGAAGGAGGTAATCTTTCCATGAGGCTCACC AAATCAGTGGAGGACTATACAGGATGGGAAGACCACGTTCTGGGCCTTCCTGGTGCGGA AGTTCTTACCACAGGCCTCCCCAGATTTGATAGGAATCGCATAGATGCGACGTTCTCCCC ^{9582-111817-02} TTCGTTCTTCGTTAGAATGCTGTTTTCATGCCTGGTGGATGCGGACTTCCTTGCCACGGAA GCGTTTCTGACACAGGCTTCCGGTGAGCCCCTGCCCGCTCGGGGCGGTGTGATCACAGCA GACCACCTGGCTAAGGTGAGAACCTATATGGCTGGCCACCGCCGCTGTGACACGCCACT CAACCGCCTCAGGTCCCAAATTCTGGACCATGCAAACGGGAAGGCGGGCTTGCCAACGG GGCTTTTCACCATGACAGTTCCAACGGGCGGCGGTAAAACACTTACATCCTTGTCGTTTG CAATGGAACATGCAGCTGCGCATGATTTGCGCAGAATTATATATGTTATCCCGTTTACCA GCATCATCGAACAGACGGCCGAGATATTTCGCAAGATCTTGGGTGATGAAGACGTGTTG GAACATCATAGCTCGTTCGATTGGGATAGACGGGAACCGGCTCGCGAAAACGATGAAGA TGACGAAGGCCCGGCTGGATTGGCAAAGCTGAGAAGAGATGCACAAAACTGGGATGCA CCCCTCATTGTCACCACAGCGGTCCAGTTCTTTGAATCACTTTTTGCGGCTAGAACTTCTA AGGCTAGGAAGTTGCATAATTTGGCCAAGAGCGTCATTATCTTGGACGAGGCGCAATCC ATCCCCATTCACTTGCTTAGGCCGTGCATGGCAGCGATAGACGAACTGGCGAGGAATTAC GGCGCTACCGTGATCCTGTGCACTGCAACTCAGCCAGCACTTCGCGTCCAGGATGGTGCC CTTCCCCGGAAAACCAGAGATGGCCACGCTGAAGGCCTTGAAATAGGTGACGACCGCGA ACTCGCGCCAGATCCTCAAGGGCTGTATAAGCAACTTCGCCGGGTCCGCGTTGAGTGGCG CCACGACCCCGTGTCAGACGCAGAGATTGCTGCGAGATTCGCAGCACAGCCACAGATGC TTTGCATTGTGAATTCAAGGGCTCATGCCCGCGATTTGTTCGAGGCGATTGAAAAGCAAG ATGGTGCCGCTCACCTGACCACGCTTATGTGTGCCCGGCATCGCAGAGCAGTTCTTGCGG ACCTTAGACAGAGGTTGGCGGCTAGGCTTCCAGTGAGGCTCGTGGCAACCTCCCTTATAG AAGCAGGCGTGGATGTGGACTTCCCTGAGGTCTGGCGCGCAGTCGCAGGACTGAGCAAT ATAGCGCAGGCAGCGGGGAGATGCAACCGGGAAGGTCGCATAGAAGGTCTTGGACGGA CAGTCGTTTTTGAACCGGCAGAAGTCGAGGGCAGGAAGCCCGTGCCGCGCGCTATGATT CCGTTCTATCAGGCCGCAAAAAACGCTGAGCGGAAGATCATGCGCGACCCTGATGCGGA TATTCTTGGGCTGGAGGCTGTCAGGGAGTACTACAGGTGGCTGTACTGGGAACAAGGTT ACGCGGCACTGGACAAGGCAAGACTTCCAGACGGGTCACCGATCGAGATTATCGCTGCA ATACGCGATTCGTGCCGGCGGCTTGAATTCCCGTTCGCCAGAATTGCTCAAGCGTTCAGG ATGATTGATGATGTGATGGATCCGGTGATAGTTCCATGGGGAGCAACTACGGAAGAAAA AGCTAGCATAGACGCGTTGATCGCAGAAATGAAGGACGAATCTCGGCCGTTCCTGCCCT CCGGCGCTCAGAGGCGCCTTCAGCAGTATATAGTGCCTGTCCCCAGCGGAGCTCGGCAG ACGTTGCTTGCGTCAGGTGCTGCGCAAGCGATACGCGCGAAGGATTACGGCGATTCGTTT GTCCTTCTGGAGAATCCATCACTTTACGACGAACGCTTTGGACTCAGGCTCGACGATCCA ACATGGCGCACATCGGAGTCGAACATTATG SEQ ID NO: 30 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas5fv from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. ATGAAAATAATTATTGAATACGACTCATGCTGGAGAAATTCTTTCCTCGGAGGGTCTAAT AATGAGCCAGTGCCTAAGAAAGGTCGGGAGTTTCTCGGCTCCATGACGAACCTTAAGAA GGAAGGAAATTTCAAGTTCCATGAGACTACATTGAATACGGTGATGGGCGTCCTTAATCG CCTCATTGGAGATCAGCGGAAACTTTACCAAGCCAGGAACAAGTTGTACGAACAGTCGT ATTACTTCGAGAATCTGGAGGACAAGGTTTCCTTTACTGACAAAGCAGAGAAAACCAAT GAAATCACCTTTATACGGAATATGAACGGCAGCAAGGACCAACAATCCTTTACGGGAAT GGTCAAGGCTGATGACCCTGTCTTCACCAGCGGATACTCAAAGGAGTTTCTCGGTGTGCT GAAACTTAATCCGTCTGAACTTTGTGACTTTATCCTTGATTCGGGATTCGTCGTCAATAAG GAGGTTCGCTTGAGCCCGTTGTATGTCGCGGATCTGGTGGATGAGATTCTTGATATGGGT AGCGTCGAAAACGTGAACAGGATTAATGAGGCCGTTGAGCTGTTGACAAACAAGTATTC TGATCTTGTCACAGACAAAGTGCCTACTCCATATATAGAGTCCAATGGAAAAGTGAAACT GATAAGGCTGTACAGCGCTGGCCTGTACATACAGCTTGAGCGGCTTCACTTGAGGTTCGA CATGAGCTCCAGCCTCAGCCCCAGGGGGTCCATATCGGGGTTTTCTAAACGCGGCTACAA CGGAAGGAGAGATTTTATGAATAAATACACGACAGGAAAACCAAAGCTTATCTGGGGAA ACCCGTTTATAAAGAAAGAGAAGATTAAGGGACAGGGAGAAGTTACGTCAATGATGACT AAGGCTAACGGTCAACTGGAAATCACAATTGATGTCGATAGGACGAAGGGACACGAAAT CAAGACACTCATTGAAAACGCAGGGGTGTCGTCTTTCTATCTCGGTAAAAAAGGGCTGG CATATGTCAGCTCCATCCGCGTC ^{9582-111817-02} SEQ ID NO: 31 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas6 from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. ATGAACTCGTATATAGACGTTGTTTTGAAACCTGATGCTGAACTCCGCGAGGCAGAATTG TCCTCGAAAGTCTTTACAAAATTCCATAAGGGCCTTGTCGCCCTGAAAACAGATCAAATA GGCATAAGCTTCCCCAAAGTTAGAGTGAAACTCGGCTTGGTCTATCGCCTCCACGGGAAC GTCGATAAATTGAAAGAGCTTCAAGAGCTCAACTGGCTCGGTCCCCTGATTGGGTATTGC AATGTTTCCGACATTTGTCCCATACCGGAAATTGTCCAACACCGCAATGTTCGGGAAATT AGAAGCAACCTTTCCAGCTCAAAGCTGCGGCGGCTGGTCACCCGCGGTTCTATTGACAAA CAAGGAGAGAAAAGATACAAGATCAAGATGCTCTCCAATAGCTTCGATAACCCATACCT CGACATTCTTTCTTCCTCTACTGGGCAGGTTTACCGCAAGTTTTTTTACTTTGGAGAAGTT CAAGCTGAACCGATCGTCGGGCCATTCGATTCCTACGGGTTGTCAAAGAGCGCAACTATT CCATGGTTT SEQ ID NO: 32 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas7fv from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. ATGGAGCGGGTGACGGGGATTAAATCAGTCGATTTCAAAATAAAGGCACTTGGACATGG GGTTGTGAATTGGAATGGACCGACTAAACTCAAAGGGGAGCATCCTCTGAAACCCTATG AGAATCACACCATGCCTAAGTTGAGGGGGTATACTAACAGCTTCGAAAATGAGTACGAC GAGGGGACAACGCAGAAGGGGAATTCGTTTAAGGTGCCTAGGCTCAAAGAAGCCGCCG ATATTGATTTTAAGAAAACTCCATTGTACATCTCCCAAAATTGCATTAGGCATCATTTGTT TAAGGAGCAGAGCTTTGACTTGCACTTTGCGGGAGAAAAGAACCTTGAAAAGGTTCTCG CATCGATTACTGGTCTTATTCGCGGTTATGTGGTGCCGGCCTCTCAGTGCAAACGGACGT CTTGTCTGTTGATAGAGGACTTTATTGATCAATTGGGCAACGGCAATTTCGAACAGTTTG GGAAGGCGGGCGAACGCGATTCTTCTTCGTTCTTTTCAAAGACAACATTTGGGGATACTG AGTATACATCGTACGGGTCCATATCCATTGAGCAAATGCAATTTATTTCTTTGGACAAGA AGTTTGACCGGGCCTCGATGATTATCAAGGAGGGTCAAGGAGAACAAGTGGCGCTGACC GTCCAGTCTTTTATTAAATCTTTGGATCCCGCGCGGGACCCTAAGGCGACCTTCCATTCCA ACTACGTCAGGCACGGTACAATTTTCGAAGAGGGCGAATGCGGAATCCTCCTCAACGAG GAGGCGATCCATACTCTTGTCGAACATACGCTTTCGCGGATAGCAAACCTTAGCATTAGA CAAGCCAAAGGTTACATGTATGTTGATGAGATAATAGTGGACTATAATGACTCACACAA AATGATGAGAATCAAGCGCGATGAAAGCGAAATTATCCCCGAGCCACAGTCAAACTATG CGCAATATTTTTACGCGAAA SEQ ID NO: 33 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas2-Cas3 from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. ATGGTTACGTTCGTTTCTCAATGTGAGAAAAATGCTTTGAAAAAGACGAGGCGCGTGCTT GATGCATTCGCTAATCGGATAGGGGATAATACCTGGCAGATATTGATCACTGAGGAGGG GTTGTTGACCGTCAAAAAAATGTTGCGGCAAACTGCGTCCAAGTCAACTGCAGTTAGCTG TCATTGGATCAGGTCAAGGAGCAGGTCGGAGCTTCTGTGGATAGTTGGATCAAAATCGA AGTTCAACTCAGAAGGCGTTGTCCCTGTGAACAAGACCGAAAAGGAAGTCTTGATGGAT GTCACTACCGGAAAGCCGAAAAAGGGGGTTCTTTATGCGAATACGAAGCTTCAACCATT GGCAGAACACCTGTTCGCAGTTGGCTATATCGCCGAGCAACTTCACCAGAAGCTGTTCCC ATATTCTCCGCAGTTCTCTATAGTGAATTTCATCGCAGGGTGTTTGCATGACCTGGGTAA AATTGACCCCCTGTTTCAGCAGTGGGTCACAGGGCCAAAGAAAAAGAACTATATTCCCG ATGATGGGCAACATATCGACACTGCAAAATTCAGCTTTGAAAAACATCCGAGGCATAAT GAAATTAGCTTGTTGTTGTGTCATCTTATGGATGAGGCATCTTCTCAATACATATCGTCCA AGAATAAGGAATCCATTAAGCATGCTATATACTGGCATCATGCTAAACCCTTTCGGAAAG ACAAAGCCTCTTTCTCCACTTACAAGGGCATATACAAGAAATTCAACGCCAATCAAAAG GACTGCACCTTTGGGGAGGTTGTGGAAAGAGCCCAAATCCTGTTGCATCAAGTTGTTAAT ATGGACAAAACGTACAGAGGCCAAGATGTCAGCATACTTGACCGCGCCTTCTCTAAGGC TCCGTTTTCTGAGGATGACAGCGATATCCTTAGCTCTCTTCATGTTCCGCGGTATAAGGA GTACGAGCTTGAGGAAAGCGTTAAATCAAATCAGGCGAATGTGAAACCGAATGCGCTTA ^{9582-111817-02} ATAATATCGCTAGAAGCTGTGTGATAACTGCGGATCGGATAGTTAGCGCCTTCTCCGCTA ATGAGCTCCACGATGCGATAATAGAACAGACTCTCGGCAACGTCGTTAATGAAATATTGT ATACAGAGTCCAACTTGGCTTCTGAAATAGATACCTGTTTGACATCATTCTACCCTAACA GCGAGCGGTCAGTGAAACAACGGGAGATAGCGCAAGCGCTGACACATGCACCATCGGTT GCAGTCCTGGCTGGGGCGGCAGGGTGCGGAAAAACAAAAATTGCTCTTGAGTGGGCCTC TCTCCAAAACGTTCAGAAGATAATCTGGGTGTGTCCCCGCGTGCAAGTTTGTCAAGGCCT TTTCTACGAGCTTACCTCTGAACAATATCTGCCAAACAGCACGATTGAAATTAACACGGG GGAATTTAAATTTCACAATAAATGGGATAATCCCATCGAGGCGGACGACTATTTCTCAGG AGACATAGTCATTACAACGATTGATCAATTGCTCGGATCAGTTATCAGCCATACTAAGGC GGATACTCTGATCGATTACCTGAATGCCTATGTGGTTTTTGATGAATTTCACGAATACGTT AACATGCCCGCCTTTAACCTTTTGTTGGCTGAACTGGTCACCGCCAAAAAAATGCAGGAA AAGTCCAATGTTTTGCTTGTCTCAGCGACTCCTCACTATCTCTTTGTCGAAGAGCTTCTCG GAGTGGAGAAAGAAGACATTATTGAGATGCCCTCCTTTAACACTAGCCAGTATCAGATA GATTTTAAGGTGTTTGATGATACCAAGTTTAATCAAGCTAATCCTTTGTTTACCCCGCAAA GCGACACGACGTTTGTCATCAGCAATATGGCCCTGACTGCTCAAAACTCGTTTGTTGCAA ATCAGCACGATGAGAATGCTGTGCTCCTTCACTCCAAATTTATTAAATCTGATAAGAGGA AATGGTTCTCGGAGGTCTTCGAATCGTTTAAGAAAGGGGGGGCCAGAAAGTTCGACGTG TTGAGATCGGGCCCGATCGTCCAAGCATCGCTTAACATATCTTGCAACGCGATGACTACT GAGATAACCAACGCTGAGGATAGCCTTCAACGGCTGGGTAGACTGGATCGCTTCGGAGA GAACGACGGAGTGAACGTGTATACACTGGCAGTCCCTGAATCAATAGCCAATGCTAAAG GTAAAAGCCCAGCCGCGAATTTCTTGAGCAAAATGTATACTCTCCATTCGACAAGGAAGT GGTATCAACACTTGCTCAATAGCTTGGAAGGCAAAATATTCACCCTTCCCGAGATATATT CACTTTATAAGGAATTTCACCACAGCGAGGAAACGCGCACGTTCATTGAAAGCGACCTT GTCGCGTCTTTGAAGAAATCCGTTGAGAAAATAAATGCCCAAGTCGTGGATCCAATTTTT ATCCCCTCGAAAAAGCAAAAGGACAAGGGTAGAGGGAAAATCGCCAAGTCCTCACTGA GGGGTGACAATCGGTTCGTGCAGTTGGCAATGATAGACGTTTCTAAAAATGAGCCCGAA TATCTGGAACAGTATGCATACACGATGCCACTCGATGACGAGTCTGACATAGATAACCTT ACATACTCTACTTCTGCAATTCAAGGCTATGAGCAATCTGATAAAGATTTGCTGAGCTAT ATGTTTGCGAAGCATCACAATATCAAGGGGGGAAAGAAGCCTTATAAGGACTTCGTTCTT CTCAATGACGCGAGGGACCCAGAGTATCCAATCTATCTGTCTTATACCACCAACGACCTC CTGGCCGTGGGAGGAGAATCATCTAGACACCCACATGCCATATACTACGCTATCTGCGAC AAACAACCCATAGGCGCCATCTCAATCAATCAGATTAATCAAACGACCGAGAACGAGGA G SEQ ID NO: 34 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas5f(Csy2) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. ATGAATGTGCTTATACTCCCACATATCAACATACACAATGCCAATGCCCTCTCTTCCTCAT TTACGATAGGGTTCCCCGCAATGACTGCCTGGCTTGGTTTCGTCCATGCCCTGGAGAGGA AGCTCAATCAGGCTGGACTCCCCGAGTTGATGCTCCACTCTGCAGCGGTTGTTTCTCACC GCTGCGACGTTCAGACCCACAAAGGTGAAGGCGATTTCGTTCATAGCATAATAGGAACT GGGAACCCCCTTGACAAGGACGGGTCTAGGTCCGCGTTTATCGAAGAAGCCCGGTGTCA TCTGGATGTGTCATTGGTGATCGAGTGGGGTGGGAACGAAGATCAAGTGCAACACGCAG ACTTTGCCGAGCAGCTTCAAGCCGTTATCGCAACCATGAAGGTCGCGGGTGGCGATGTTT TGTCCATGCACAGACCTCTGAACCAGAGCGTGGACATTGATAATCCTCAGGAAACAAGA GCCCTGCTGAGGAAACTCATGCCTGGTTACGTGCTGATAGAAAGGAGAGATCTTATGAC GGAAGCGATGGCTCAGGGTTCTGATGCGCTCGACGCACTCTTGTCTTATTTGACCGTCAA CCATAGGTGTGAACAACTGGAAGATGGTTCGGTCATTTGGCGCTCTCAACGCAAGGCAA GCGGATGGATTGTGCCTATTGCAACTGGCTTCCAAGGGATCTCACCCCTCGGTGAAGCAA AAAACCAAAGAGATCCTTCAGTGCCTCATAGATTCGCGGAGTCCGTCGTGACTCTCGGCG AATTCGTTATGGCGCATAAGATTCAACATTTGGATGATATGCTGTGGCACTATCATAACG ACCTGGAGAACGACCTGTACCTGTGTCAGCAGGTTAACGCTATCAATGAGCATCAA ^{9582-111817-02} SEQ ID NO: 35 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas6(Csy4) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. ATGAAATTCTATCAAGAAATAACACTTCTTCCAGATGCCGATATATCCCTGGGGTTTCTG TGGCAGAATGTGTTTCAGCAAGTCCATATAGCGCTTGTCGAACATAAGGTCGATACCAAC CAAAGCGCTGTGGCAGTCGGCTTCCCGGACTACAGACAAGCACAATTTCCCCTGGGCTCA AAACTCCGCTTGTTCGCAAAGGAACAGGCTACTCTCGAGAAGATTGCCATAAATCAGTG GCTGGCTCGCCTGAAAGATTATGTTCATATAAAGGGGATTAAGCCAGTCCCTTCGGATGT GACGTATGTGAGCTTTGTCCGCAAGCAAGTTAAGTCGCCTGAGCGGATCGAGAGGGATA TGCAACAAAAAAGCGCGCTGTGGGCCGCAAAGAGCGGAAAGTCCTTGGCTGAGTGCCTT ATCGAGCTTGAGAAATCTAAACCCACTGATCTCTGCCGGTTGCCTTTCATTTATTTGCATT CTCAACAGACTAAGCAAAGGTCACCCGACAAGAATTCGAAATTTCCCCTCTTCATCGAAA TGCATCCGCAGTCTGCTTCACTGGACGGAGTGTTTGACTGCTACGGTCTGTCCGCTAAGG CGTCCGGAAAGCCCGCTTTCGCAACCGTGCCTCACTTT SEQ ID NO: 36 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas7f(Csy3) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. ATGGCAAAAAATAACGATACCGCCTCTGTTCTTGCGTTCGAAAAGAAACTTGTGCCGTCA GATGGGTACTTGTTCGGAACCAACTGGGAGACAAAAGAGCAGACTACACCGCTTGCGCT GCAGGAAAAATCCGTGCGCGGCACGATTAGCAATCGCTTTAACAAGAAAGATGTTGGTG AATTTACTAAAGACCCTGCAAAGTTGGACGCCAAAGTGGAATCGCCAAACCTCCAGCGG GTTGATGCTTGTGCGCTGGGGCAGGATCAGGATACGCTCAAACTTCACTTTACGCTTAAG GTGTTGGGCGGGCTCGCGCAACCTTCAGCCTGCAATAACGCCTTGTTCAAGCAATCCTAC TCTGCGGCTGTTGGGCAATACATCGCAAAGCATGGTTGTCTGGAGTTGGCGAAGCGCTAT GCGACTAATCTCGCCAACGCAAGGTTCCTCTGGAGAAACCGCGTCGGAGCGGAGGAGAT TGAGGTTCAAGTGAAAGCGCTTAACAAAGGCGCAGAACAGACCTGGACATTTGACGCTA AGCAATTCTCCACTAGGCATTTTGAGCATAACGACGCCCAGATAAATTCATTGGCGGATA GAATTGCTCAAGCCCTCGCGTCTGAGTCAGGTCACCTGATGTTGCAAATAGATTGCTATG CCAATGTGGGTAAGGCTCAAGAAGTCTACCCGTCGGAGGAGCTTGTTCTCGATAAAGGC AATTCCAAAACAAAAAAGAGCAAGATCCTGTACGCCGTTAACGAACACGCGGCCATGCA TTCTCAGAAAATAGGTAATACCTTGAGGAGCATTGACACTTGGTATCCTGAGTACGTTTC CGGCGAACAAAGCGCCGGCGCCATTGCTATTGAGCCGTACGGGGCTGTCACGAATCTGG GCAAGGCTTTCAGAACACCTAAGGATAAGCAAGATTTTTATACCTTCTTTGATAAATGGG CTCGGGGGGAGGCTTTGGCCCGGGAGGAGGACGAACATTACCTCGTGGCTGTCTTGGTC AGGGGTGGTGTGTTTGGTGAGTCTGACAAG SEQ ID NO: 37 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas8f(Csy1) from a Pragia fontium type IF system. ATGATCGACCCTGCTATCGCGACTTTTTTCGCAGAGCGGAAGGAGGCCTGGCTTAAGAAA AATATCTCGGCTGCCATGCAAGCCTCAGAGGTGTATGAGAAGCAACAAGAGTGTGAACA AAATTTCCTTTTGGTCAACTGGCTGCCAGATGCTGCAAGACGCGCCGGTCAGATTTCAGT CGCGAGCCATCCCTGCACGTTTTCCCACCCATCAGCGAGGAAGAACAAGAACGGCTACG TGAGCTCTATAATAGCGAAGAATAAGCCGAGGACGGATGGATTTCTCCGGTCTGGAAAT GTGAGCGTCGAACCGGACGCCTTGGGTAACGCAGCGGCCCTCGATGTGTATAAATTCCTC TCCCTTGCTATGAGCGATCAACGGTCCTTGCTCGTTCACATTGAACAAGAATCAGAACTT GCCAGGCAATTGCTCAATGTGCCCACGTGTGATTATCAGACTCTTCGGGATGGTTTTCTC AAGATGATAAATACAGACCAAGCATCTGTTAGCTCCTCCAAGATCAAACAAGTTTATTTT CCCATCGCGGACGGGGAGTACCATCTTCTCTCGCTGCTGACCCACTCTGGCCACTTGTTC GAACTCAGGAAGCGCCTCGATGCCCTCCGGTTTGGAGAGGAAGTTAAGAAGGTTCGCGA GTGTAAGAAGTCCAACCACTTTCATCCGACAGGTTATCAAGAGATATTCGGATTGACTAC CATTGGGTTTGGCGGTACAAAGCCGCAGAATATCAGCGTGCTTAATAATCAGAACGCCG GCAAGGCCCACCTTTTGGCCTCCATACCACCAGACCTCAAGCCGAGAGACATTAGGCTTC CAAAGACTGACTTCTTTAAGGAGAGCTTTACAGCCTGGCAATCTAAAGAAGTGTTGGAG ^{9582-111817-02} AGCCTTCACAGATTGTTTATTACCGATTATAATAACATCCATATAAGAGAAGGTAGGGAT TATCGGATACAGCAGTACGTCGATCTTGTCATCGAAAAAATGTGGCAAGTTCGGCTTTTC CTGGCCGAATATCAGGGAGAACTGCCGGATGAACTGCTCCAGGAGCAAAAAATCTGGCT TTATCCTGAATTCGAACAACAAAGGGAGCAGGAAGACGAATGGCTTGACAAGATCACAC GGCAGATTGCTAGGTCGCTGATTCTCCATTATTCACGGTCCAAAGTCATCGCTAATCCGG TCCTGTTGGCAGATCAAGAACTGCTTGCGATAGAAAAAGTGGTGTCCTCTAACAAGGAG AACCTGAGG SEQ ID NO: 38 is an exemplary nucleic acid encoding Cas2-Cas3 from a Pragia fontium type IF system. ATGGTTACATTTATTTCCCAATGCGAGAAAAACGCACTCAAAAAGACCAGGCGGGTGCT TGATGCATTTGCGAATCGCATTGGAGACAATACGTGGCAAACCCTCATAACTGAAGAGG GTTTGTTGACCGTGAAGAAGATGCTCAGGCAAACTGCATCGCGCTCTACGGCTGTGTCAT GCCATTGGATAAGGTCTAGAAGCAGGAGCCAGTTTCTTTGGGTCGTTGGAAATAAAAAG AAGTTTAATGCAGAGGGCGTCGTCCCAGTCAACTCGACCGAAAAGGATTTGTTGAATTCA GAATACGAGTCCGATTGGAAGTACCTCCCACTTATTAAAACCCTCGCCGCAATGGCTGCA CTGCTCCATGATTGGGGTAAGGCAAGCTTGTTGTTTCAAGCAAAACTGAATCCTGAGATA AAGACCAAGTATAAAGGTGACCCTCTTAGGCATGAGTGGGTTTCTTGCCTCCTTTTCCAT CAGTTCGTTACTAATCATACTAATGAAAACCACGACCGCGCATGGTTGAACTCCTTGATC AACCAGGGGATCGATGAACCCTCGTTCAACTCGAACTCACTCTTGAGAGAGAAGGCGCT GGCCGAACTCCCATCAGCAGCTGCGCTGATTGCTTGGCTTATAGTCTCACACCATCGGTT GCCGCTTCCAAAGGAGCAGGAGCTGTGCAAGGCTCAAAGAGAAAACTCGAACGCATCTC TGGCCGACTTGCTTGCAAAAATTACACCTTCCTGGGGTTATGAGAACCGCTTCGACGAGT ATAACTCTCTCTTGCCGAAATGCTTCGAATTTCCCCTCGGCCTTCTTTCGAATGCTCAGAC GTGGCTCGCCGAACTCAAGCACCGCGCTAAAGATTTGCTCCATCATCTTCCTTTGCTTGA GCAAGCGATGAACGATGGGTCTTGGAGAGTGATTCTTCATCACGCTAGGCTCTGCCTCAT GCTTGGAGATCACTACTATTCGTCCCAGGCCAATGATCCTCAGTGGCACAGCTCGAGCGA ACTTTACGCTAACACCGATCCAAGCACGAAAGCCCTCAAGCAAAAACTTGATGAGCACT TGGTCAACGTGGCTAAGGTCACAGTGAACACGGTTAAGCTGCTCCCATTCTTCGAATCGG AGCCACTTAAAGCTACAGAACTCACCGAACTGGCGCCGAAAGCGTGCACGCCGAAAGCC TTTAGATGGCAAGACAAAGCTGTGAGGAAGATCATCGAGTGGCGGGAACATACGGAAG ATAAATCCCAAGGGTACTTTGTTGTCAATATGGCAAGCACTGGATGCGGGAAGACAATG GCTAACGCGAAGATAATGCAAGCGCTTAGCGAAGATGGCGAATCCCTTCGCTTCATACTT GCCCTGGGCCTTAGGACGCTTACTCTCCAAACCGGGGACGAGTATAAGCTGCGGCTGAA GCTGCAGGATAGCGATATTGCAGTTCTTATCGGCAGCAAGGCCATTTATGAGCTTCACCA GTCCGGGAAGCAAGTGGACAAGGAAGAAATAGAGCTTAACCAGGCGGAACTGGGATCG GAATCTATGGAGTCCTTGCAAGAGGAAACAGACGAGCTTTACTGGCAGGGAGTGCTGCC GGAGGAGGAGCTGACAACAGTCCTGACAAAAGAAAAGGACAGAAAACTTCTGTACGCC CCTGTCCTCGCGTGTACGATAGATCACATCATGGCTGCTACAGAAACAAAAAGGGGAGG GAGGTATATTCTCCCATGCCTTCGGTTGATGTCCTCCGATCTGGTGATAGATGAAATAGA TGACTTCACAGAAGATGACCTGATTGCTATCGGGCGGCTCGTTCACCTCGCAGGAATGCT TGGAAGGAAGGTTATGATCTCGTCAGCTACCATACCGCCAGACCTCGCACTTGGTTTGTA TAACGCCTATAGACAGGGTTGGGCTGTGTTTGCAGCCAGCAGGGATAGAACCACATCAA TTAACTGCGTTTATGTGGACGAGTTCACTGCCCATACCGAATTGGTCGGTAGCAGCGATG AAAACCTGGATGCTTACCAAGCTTTCCAGCAGGGATTTATAATTAAACGGGTCGAGAAA TTGAAGCAGCAGACCGCCAAAAGGAAGGCTGAGATTATACCGTGCCTGAAGCAACCGTC ACTCCCCCTGGAAAAGCAGTACTTCGAAACCGTTAAGCAGGCTGTGCTCGATAAGCATC AGCACTATTTCACTTTGGATCCGGAATCGCAGACACAAGTGTCTTTCGGCGTGGTCAGAG TTGCCAATATTCAGCCCTGCGTCGAGTTGACTAAGCACCTCCTTTCTTCAGACTGGCCTGA GGACACTGAGATCCGCTGCATGGCTTACCACTCCCAGCAGGTCCTCCTTCTGAGACATGA ACAGGAAAAACACCTGGATGAGGTCCTGAAGCGGAAAGAAAAAGCAGGTGAGCTCCCG GCTGCCTTTGCTCATCCAACTATAAGAGGGCATCTTGATACTTGCGGAGCCAAAAACCTG ATTTTTATTCTTGTGGCTACGCCTGTCGAAGAAGTGGGTAGAGATCATGATTTCGATTGG GCTGTTATTGAACCGTCATCGTACCGCTCAATAATTCAGATGGCGGGTCGGGTGCGGCGC ^{9582-111817-02} CACCGGGATGGCGAAATAATAGCTCCAAATATCGGACTGCTCCAGTATAACGTCAAGGG GTTTAAGGGTGGTGAAGAGAGGGTCTTCAATCATCCCGGTTATGAAACCGACCGCACGA CTCAACTGGTCACTCATGATCTTACTCAACTTGTGGACGAAAAGACTCTTCTGCAATCCG TCAATGCGATTGCAAGAATTCAGAAGCGGACGACTTTGGAGCCTCAGAAGAATTTGGCA GACCTTGAGCATTTTGCGACTGCAAAGACACTGGGCACGGACCAGATAGGTAAACCCGA AGTCACGACCGCCTCAAGGCAGGAGAGGTATAGTCGGAACAGAAGAGATCGCCAACCCC ATCCGTATTGGTCAGAACACCTGCATGGCCATCTTCACGGCTATTGGTGGCTTACGGCAT TGCCTCAATATTTCAAGCGCTTTCGGAAGAGCGAACCGACGGTGCAAATATACCTCGTCA AGAAAACTAGGTCCATCGAATTCTGCCTGAGGGAGGAGCAAGGAGGTCTTTGTCCTATC GAGCGCGTCCTCAATATCCAACACCAGCCGTTGGCGCCAGAACAACAACAGAAGCTTTG GCTCCAGCGGGACTACTGCGAACTCATTGGGCAATACTCTAGCAGCGCCGAGCAGGAGT TTGCTACAAGCGTGCGCTATGGTGAGATCTCATTTATCTACCGGGAAGGCAATCAGCAGT ACTCATACAATGATCAACTTGGTCTGGTCCGGGAATCA SEQ ID NO: 39 is an exemplary Methylomonas methanica 5’ mature direct repeat. CTTAGAAA SEQ ID NO: 40 is an exemplary Methylomonas methanica type IF 3’ mature direct repeat. GTCCGCCGCCGCACAGGCGG SEQ ID NO: 41 is an exemplary Methylomonas methanica type IF self-processing direct repeat. GTCCGCCGCCGCACAGGCGGCTTAGAAA SEQ ID NO: 42 is an exemplary Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv mature direct repeat. CTTAGAAA SEQ ID NO: 43 is an exemplary Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv 3’ mature direct repeat. GTTCATGGCCGCACAGGCCA SEQ ID NO: 44 is an exemplary Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv self-processing direct repeat. GTTCATGGCCGCACAGGCCACTTAGAAA SEQ ID NO: 45 is an exemplary Sphingobium amiense type IC 5’ mature direct repeat. TGGATCGAAAC SEQ ID NO: 46 is an exemplary Sphingobium amiense type IC 3’ mature direct repeat. GTCGCCTCCCACACGGAGGCG SEQ ID NO: 47 is an exemplary Sphingobium amiense type IC self-processing direct repeat. GTCGCCTCCCACACGGAGGCGTGGATCGAAAC SEQ ID NO: 48 is an exemplary Pragia fontium type IF 5’ mature direct repeat. CTTAGAAA SEQ ID NO: 49 is an exemplary Pragia fontium type IF 3’ mature direct repeat. ^{9582-111817-02} GTTCACTGCCGTACAGGCAG SEQ ID NO: 50 is an exemplary Pragia fontium type IF self-processing direct repeat. GTTCACTGCCGTACAGGCAGCTTAGAAA SEQ ID NOS: 51-101 are sequences shown in FIGS.1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, and 9. SEQ ID NO: 102 is an amino acid sequence of an exemplary Fok1 nuclease domain. MQLVKSELEEKKSELRHKLKYVPHEYIELIEIARNSTQDRILEMKVMEFFMKVYGYRGKHLG GSRKPDGAIYTVGSPIDYGVIVDTKAYSGGYNLPIGQADEMQRYVEENQTRNKHINPNEWW KVYPSSVTEFKFLFVSGHFKGNYKAQLTRLNHITNCNGAVLSVEELLIGG SEQ ID NO: 103 is an exemplary nucleic acid sequence encoding a Fok1 nuclease domain. ATGCAACTGGTGAAGTCTGAACTTGAGGAGAAGAAGAGCGAGTTGAGGCACAAGTTGAA GTATGTCCCCCATGAATACATCGAGTTGATTGAGATTGCTCGCAACAGCACCCAGGACCG GATTCTCGAAATGAAGGTCATGGAATTTTTTATGAAAGTGTACGGGTACCGCGGAAAGC ATCTCGGGGGAAGTCGCA DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Introduction In prokaryotes, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) provide an adaptive defense system against foreign invading DNA. In biotechnology, CRISPR-based systems can be developed to provide powerful tools for targeted gene editing or epigenomic editing, as well as targeted modulation of gene expression. Using a bioinformatic approach, here several novel CRISPR class 1 type IC and IF systems were identified and validated. Activity was initially assessed using an in vitro transcription translation (IVTT) assay, which confirmed binding or cleaving of a target plasmid harboring GFP. The systems were further validated using a rice protoplast assay, which demonstrated unidirectional cleaving activity as detected by sequencing. These data indicate that the disclosed systems are functional, and thus useful for the purpose of genome editing through the introduction of large-scale deletions, as well as targeted epigenome editing and transcriptional regulation. While use of the CRISPR systems described herein is not limited to any particular organism, based on selection criteria, it is expected that the disclosed systems will be particularly useful for methods performed at 18 to 32 ℃ (e.g., 18 to 30 ℃, 18 to 28 ℃, 18 to 26 ℃, 20 to 32 ℃, 20 to 30 ℃, 20 to 28 ℃, 20 to 26 ℃, 22 to 32 ℃, 22 to 30 ℃, 22 to 28 ℃, 22 to 26 ℃, etc.), for example, methods that manipulate plant cells. II. Terms Unless otherwise noted, technical terms are used according to conventional usage. Definitions of many common terms in molecular biology may be found in Krebs et al. (eds.), Lewin’s genes XII, published by Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2017. In case of conflict, the present specification, ^{9582-111817-02} including explanations of terms, will control. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the,” refer to both the singular as well as plural, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, the term “a protein” includes singular or plural proteins and can be considered equivalent to the phrase “at least one protein.” As used herein, the term “comprises” means “includes.” It is further to be understood that any and all base sizes or amino acid sizes, and all molecular weight or molecular mass values, given for nucleic acids or polypeptides are approximate, and are provided for descriptive purposes, unless otherwise indicated. Although many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used, particular suitable methods and materials are described herein. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. To facilitate review of the various aspects of the disclosure, the following explanations of terms are provided: CRISPR/Cas System: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems (sometimes also referred to as CRISPR systems) are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that use RNA-guided nucleases termed CRISPR-associated (Cas) endonucleases (e.g., Cas3) to cleave a target nucleic acid. Targeting is typically achieved by a sequence-specific, non-coding “guide RNA” (gRNA) that includes a 17-65 nucleotide crisprRNA (crRNA) spacer sequence (frequently 30-35 nucleotides for Type I systems) that is complementary to a target nucleic acid. In practice, crRNA spacer sequences generally have 100% complementarity (perfect base-pairing) to a targeted nucleic acid sequence. crRNA spacers having less than 100% sequence identity to the target sequence can also be used (e.g., a crRNA spacer with a length of 32 nucleotides and between 1 to 6 mismatches to the target sequence), however, this increases the potential for off-target effects. While the target DNA sequence must generally be adjacent to a “protospacer adjacent motif” (“PAM”) that is specific for a given Cas endonuclease, PAM sequences are short and relatively non-specific, and thus frequently appear throughout a given genome. For type I systems, the guide RNA can further include repeat sequences (e.g., direct repeat sequences or mature direct repeat sequences) to facilitate assembly of the CASCADE complex. For type II systems, the guide RNA can include a tracrRNA to facilitate binding to a Cas endonuclease. CRISPR systems are classified into one of three classes (I-III) and then further classified into subtypes. Class II CRISPR systems are the most well characterized and rely on a single Cas protein (e.g., Cas9, Cas12, or Cas13). In contrast, class 1 type I CRISPR systems rely on a complex of Cas proteins termed “CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense” (CASCADE), which recruit an endonuclease (e.g., Cas3 or Cas2-Cas3) upon binding to a target nucleic acid. Class 1 type I systems typically include a combination of three or more of: Cas4, Cas5, Cas6, Cas7, Cas8 (Cse1), and Cas11 (Cse2). Only one unit of each Cas is required for Cascade assembly with the exception of Cas7. Multiple Cas7 units are present and scalable depending on the size of the spacer region. Typically, there are six Cas7 proteins in a CASCADE complex, however, the number of Cas7 proteins recruited to an R-loop is proportional to the length of the crRNA spacer sequence, with one Cas7 recruited for ^{9582-111817-02} every 6 nucleotides (nt) (see, e.g., Tuminauskaite et al., “DNA interference is controlled by R-loop length in a type I-F1 CRISPR-Cas system,” BMC Biology 18:65, 2020). Thus, for example, if the crRNA spacer length is 18nt, three Cas7 proteins would be recruited. In another example, if the crRNA spacer length is 60nt, ten Cas7 proteins would be recruited. Class 1 type I CRISPR systems recognize longer target sequences than CRISPR-Cas9 and can induce large deletions of several kilobases. This feature is advantageous for reliably inducing genetic disruptions. Complementarity: The ability of a nucleic acid to form hydrogen bond(s) with another nucleic acid sequence by either traditional Watson-Crick base pairing or non-traditional pairing types. Percent complementarity indicates the percentage of residues in a nucleic acid molecule that are complementary (can form hydrogen bonds with a second nucleic acid sequence). To illustrate, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 out of 10 is 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% complementarity, respectively. Contacting: Placing an agent in direct physical association; includes both in solid and liquid form, and can take place either in vivo or in vitro. Contacting includes contacting a cell (e.g., a cell) by placing an agent (e.g., a protein, nucleic acid, or RNP) in direct physical association with the cell. Control: A reference standard. A control can be a positive or negative control. In some aspects, the control is a measurement (e.g., expression of a target) obtained prior to modifying a host cell (e.g., inducing a genetic modification). In some aspects, the control is a historical control or a standard reference or range (a typical measurement or range observed for a particular population, such as a typical measurement (e.g., gene expression) or range for an unmodified host cell). Expression (of a nucleic acid): As used herein, expression of a nucleic acid includes transcription and/or translation of the nucleic acid. Expression Cassette: A nucleic acid fragment designed for expression of a particular gene (or genes) in a host cell. Expression cassettes can be included in a vector. An expression cassette can include regulatory elements, such as promoters and/or terminators. Exogenous: Originating from a different source, for example, a nucleic acid molecule that is exogenous to a cell is a nucleic acid that originated from a source other than the cell itself (e.g., a synthetic nucleic acid that is introduced into a cell). In another example, a CRISPR system that is exogenous to a host cell is a CRISPR system that originated from a source other than the host cell. Homology-Directed Repair (HDR): The repair of one or more double-stranded breaks in DNA using homologous recombination with a donor template (also referred to as a repair template). In molecular biology applications, HDR mechanisms can be used to facilitate site-specific gene/genome editing; for example, a double stranded break can be induced in a target sequence by introducing into a cell a nuclease targeting the sequence (e.g., a Cas nuclease), and a repair template containing a desired nucleotide sequence can be integrated or “knocked-in” via HDR at the location of the double-stranded break. ^{9582-111817-02} Increase or Decrease: A positive (increase) or negative (decrease) difference relative to a reference value, such as a control. The difference can be qualitative or quantitative. In some aspects, the difference is statistically significant (e.g., P-Value less than 0.05 or 0.01). In some aspects, the difference is an increase relative to a control of at least 5%, such as at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 100%, at least 150%, at least 200%, at least 250%, at least 300%, at least 350%, at least 400%, at least 500%, or greater than 500%. In some aspects, the difference is a decrease relative to a control of at least 5%, such as at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or 100%. Isolated or Purified: An “isolated” or “purified” biological component (such as a nucleic acid, protein, or cell) is one that has been substantially separated from other biological components of a reference environment, e.g., separated from other chromosomal and extra-chromosomal DNA and RNA, proteins and/or cells in a sample. Nucleic acids and proteins that have been “isolated” include nucleic acids and proteins purified by standard purification methods. The term also embraces nucleic acids and proteins prepared by recombinant expression in a host cell as well as chemically synthesized nucleic acids. Absolute purity or isolation is not required, it is intended as a relative term. Thus, for example, a purified/isolated protein, nucleic acid, or cell preparation is one in which the protein, nucleic acid, or cell is more enriched than the protein, nucleic acid, or cell is in its initial environment. In one example, a preparation is purified/isolated such that the protein, nucleic acid, or cell represents at least 50% of the total content of the preparation. A substantially purified protein or nucleic acid is at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% pure. Thus, in one specific, non-limiting example, a substantially purified protein or nucleic acid is 90% free of other components. Modified Cell or Plant: A cell or plant that includes an artificial genetic modification. Modified cells or plants are not naturally occurring. In some aspects, a modified cell or plant is a genome-edited cell or plant (e.g., by CRISPR-based editing). In other aspects, a modified cell or plant is a transgenic plant (a plant that includes a transgene). Operably Linked: A nucleic acid sequence is “operably linked” when it is placed in a functional relationship with a second nucleic acid sequence. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter affects the transcription or expression of the coding sequence. Generally, operably linked DNA sequences are contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein-coding regions, are in the same reading frame. Promoter: A nucleic acid control sequence that directs transcription of a nucleic acid. A promoter includes necessary nucleic acid sequences near the start site of transcription. A promoter also optionally includes distal enhancer or repressor elements. A “constitutive promoter” is a promoter that is continuously active and is not subject to regulation by external signals or molecules. ^{9582-111817-02} In contrast, the activity of an “inducible promoter” is regulated by an external signal or molecule (for example, a transcription factor). In some aspects, nucleic acid disclosed herein is operably linked to a pol III promoter (e.g., U6), a pol II promoter, ubiquitin promoter, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, or RUBISCO promoter. Recombinant: A nucleic acid or protein that has a sequence made by an artificial combination of two otherwise separated segments of sequence (e.g., a “chimeric” sequence). This artificial combination can be accomplished by chemical synthesis or by manipulation of isolated segments of nucleic acids, for example, by standard molecular biology techniques (e.g., cloning). A recombinant protein includes a protein produced from a recombinant nucleic acid. Regulatory Element: A term that includes promoters, enhancers, internal ribosomal entry sites (IRES), and other expression control elements (e.g., transcription termination signals, such as polyadenylation signals and poly-U sequences). Regulatory elements include those that direct constitutive expression of a nucleotide sequence in many types of host cells and those that direct expression of the nucleotide sequence only in certain host cells (e.g., tissue-specific regulatory sequences). Regulatory elements may also direct expression in a temporal-dependent manner, such as in a cell-cycle dependent or developmental stage-dependent manner, which may or may not also be tissue or cell-type specific. Repair Template: A nucleic acid fragment used to modify a target nucleic acid via homology-dependent repair (HDR). HDR is a mechanism eukaryotic cells use to repair double- stranded DNA breaks. Thus, the term “repair” does not refer to repairing function of a target, but rather repair of a double-stranded break induced in a target nucleic acid (for example, by a Cas nuclease). In general, a repair template includes an insert sequence (e.g., a sequence to introduce specific mutations, insertions, or deletions into the target) flanked by sequence homologous to the target nucleic acid. The repair template is incorporated into the target through HDR resulting in modification of the target nucleic acid. A DNA repair template can be single stranded or double stranded. In some aspects, the DNA repair template is single stranded. In some aspects, the DNA repair template is double stranded. Replicon: A nucleic acid molecule that replicates as a unit. Reporter: A protein whose expression is linked to the expression of a gene of interest. Exemplary reporter proteins include fluorescent proteins and chemiluminescent molecules, such as infrared-fluorescent proteins (IFPs), green fluorescent protein (GFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP), cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), mRFP1, mCherry, mOrange, DsRed, tdTomato, mKO, tagRFP, EGFP, mEGFP, mOrange2, mScarlet, maple, tagRFP-T, firefly luciferase, Renilla luciferase, and click beetle luciferase (see, e.g., US Pat. Pub. No.2010/0122355). In some aspects, the reporter protein is positioned downstream of and in frame with a gene of interest, such that the reporter protein is co-expressed with the gene of interest. ^{9582-111817-02} Sequence Identity: The degree of similarity between amino acid or nucleic acid sequences. Sequence identity is frequently measured in terms of percentage identity (or percent identity); the higher the percentage, the more similar the two sequences are. Homologs of a polypeptide (or nucleotide sequence) will possess a relatively high degree of sequence identity when aligned using standard methods. Methods of alignment of sequences for comparison have been described. The NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) tool is often used and is available from several sources, including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Various types of BLAST are available, for example, blastp, blastn, blastx, tblastn and tblastx. A description of how to determine sequence identity using this program is available on the NCBI website and other resources. In some aspects, percent sequence identity is determined by using BLAST with default parameters. Transformed: A transformed cell is a cell into which an exogenous biological macromolecule (e.g., DNA, RNA, protein, ribonucleoprotein (RNP), etc.) has been introduced by a molecular biology technique. As used herein, the term transformation encompasses all techniques by which a macromolecule might be introduced into such a cell, including chemical methods (e.g., calcium-phosphate transfection), physical methods (e.g., electroporation, microinjection, particle bombardment), fusion (e.g., liposomes), lipofection, nucleofection, receptor-mediated endocytosis (e.g., DNA-protein complexes, viral envelope/capsid-DNA complexes), agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics (particle gun accelerator or gene gun), or other transduction and/or transfection methods. Transgene: A nucleic acid that is artificially introduced into an organism in which the nucleic acid does not naturally occur. A transgene does not necessarily encode a protein, and also encompasses non-coding sequences (e.g., guide RNAs). Vector: A nucleic acid molecule that can be introduced into a host cell (for example, by transformation), thereby producing a transformed host cell. A vector can include nucleic acid sequences that permit it to replicate in a host cell, such as an origin of replication. Recombinant DNA vectors are vectors containing recombinant DNA. A vector can also include one or more selectable marker genes and other genetic elements. Often vectors are plasmids, however, they can also be viral vectors, cosmids, or artificial chromosomes. In some aspects, the vector is a transfer DNA (T-DNA) vector suitable for agrobacterium-mediated transformation or a vector suitable for biolistics. III. Type I CRISPR Systems Disclosed are class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems including a CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (CASCADE) complex and an artificial guide RNA (gRNA). In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein further includes an endonuclease, for example, a Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or Fok1 nuclease. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease is a non-specific Fok1 ^{9582-111817-02} nuclease domain fused to a CASCADE complex disclosed herein. While the class 1 type I CRISPR- Cas systems disclosed herein are useful for nuclease-based genome editing, the systems are also useful in applications where nuclease activity is not desired nor required. For example, the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein can be used to recruit effector molecules to a particular nucleic acid sequence to introduce epigenetic modifications, base modifications, or other modifications that do not require nucleic acid cleavage. In some aspects, an effector molecule is linked (e.g., transcriptionally fused) to a Cas protein disclosed herein. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is a complex from Methylomonas methanica, Sphingobium amiense, Alteromonas mediterranea, or Pragia fontium. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is from a Pragia fontium type IF system. The CASCADE complex includes a plurality of Cas proteins, for example, at least 2 Cas proteins, at least 3 Cas proteins, or at least 4 Cas proteins. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes at least 3 Cas proteins. In some aspects, the plurality of Cas proteins includes one or more of: Cas5 or a homolog thereof, Cas6 or a homolog thereof, Cas7 or a homolog thereof, Cas8 or a homolog thereof, and Cas11 or a homolog thereof. In some aspects, the plurality of Cas proteins includes two or more of: Cas5 or a homolog thereof, Cas6 or a homolog thereof, Cas7 or a homolog thereof, Cas8 or a homolog thereof, and Cas11 or a homolog thereof. In some aspects, the plurality of Cas proteins includes three or more of: Cas5 or a homolog thereof, Cas6 or a homolog thereof, Cas7 or a homolog thereof, Cas8 or a homolog thereof, and Cas11 or a homolog thereof. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a plurality of Cas7 or a homolog thereof (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes one or more of: Cas5 or a homolog thereof, Cas6 or a homolog thereof, Cas8 or a homolog thereof, and/or Cas11 or a homolog thereof, and a plurality of Cas7 or a homolog thereof (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes (i) two or more of: Cas5 or a homolog thereof, Cas6 or a homolog thereof, Cas8 or a homolog thereof, and/or Cas11 or a homolog thereof, and (ii) a plurality of Cas7 or a homolog thereof (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes one or more of: Cas5, Cas5f, Cas5fv, Cas6, Cas7, Cas7f, Cas7fv, Cas8c, Cas8f, and Cas11. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes two or more of: Cas5, Cas5f, Cas5fv, Cas6, Cas7, Cas7f, Cas7fv, Cas8c, Cas8f, and Cas11. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes three or more of: Cas5, Cas5f, Cas5fv, Cas6, Cas7, Cas7f, Cas7fv, Cas8c, Cas8f, and Cas11. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes Cas5, Cas5f, or Cas5fv. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes Cas6. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes Cas7, Cas7f, or Cas7fv. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex ^{9582-111817-02} includes Cas8c or Cas8f. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes Cas11. In some aspects, a CASCADE complex disclosed herein includes a plurality of Cas7, Cas7f, and/or Cas7fv. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes one or more of: Cas5, Cas5f, Cas5fv, Cas6, Cas8c, Cas8f, and/or Cas11, and a plurality of Cas7, Cas7f, or Cas7fv (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes (i) two or more of: Cas5, Cas5f, Cas5fv, Cas6, Cas8c, Cas8f, and/or Cas11, and (ii) a plurality of Cas7, Cas7f, or Cas7fv (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes (i) three or more of: Cas5, Cas5f, Cas5fv, Cas6, Cas8c, Cas8f, and/or Cas11, and (ii) a plurality of Cas7, Cas7f, or Cas7fv (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In a specific, non-limiting example, the CASCADE complex includes: Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In another non-limiting example, the CASCADE complex includes: Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11. In a further non-limiting example, the CASCADE complex includes: Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv. In another non-limiting example, the CASCADE complex includes: Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In other non-limiting examples, the CASCADE complex includes or consists of (i) Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f; (ii) Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11; (iii) Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv; or (iv) Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes or consists of: Cas5f, Cas6, and Cas8f, and a plurality of Cas7f (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes or consists of: Cas5, Cas8c, and Cas11, and a plurality of Cas7 (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes or consists of: Cas5fv and Cas6, and a plurality of Cas7fv (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes or consists of: Cas5f, Cas6, and/or Cas8f, and a plurality of Cas7f (e.g., 3-10, 3-8, 5-7, or 6). In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,99%, or 100%) sequence identity to one or more of SEQ ID NOS: 1-4, 6-9, 11-13, or 15-18. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that has at least 95% sequence identity to one or more of SEQ ID NOS: 1-4, 6- 9, 11-13, or 15-18. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that includes or consists of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 1-4, 6-9, 11-13, or 15-18. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to each of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In another example, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to each of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. In further aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to each of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12, and 13, respectively. In further aspects, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to each of SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, 17, and 18, respectively. In a non-limiting example, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein comprising each of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In another example, the ^{9582-111817-02} CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein comprising each of SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, 8, and 9, respectively. In a further example, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein comprising each of SEQ ID NOs: 11, 12, and 13, respectively. In another example, the CASCADE complex includes a Cas protein comprising each of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 16, 17, and 18, respectively. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex further includes an endonuclease, for example Methylomonas methanica Cas2-Cas3 or a Fok1 endonuclease domain. In a non-limiting example, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; a Cas6 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; a Cas7f that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3; and/or a Cas8f that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; a Cas6 that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; a Cas7f that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3; and/or a Cas8f that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; a Cas7f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; and/or a Cas8f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; a Cas7f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; and a Cas8f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex consists of a Cas5f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; a Cas7f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; and a Cas8f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes a Methylomonas methanica Cas2-Cas3. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes a Fok1 nuclease domain. In ^{9582-111817-02} some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex is fused with a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain, for example, by a peptide linker on the N-terminus of a Cas protein (e.g., Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f). In some aspects, the non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain is fused to Cas8f. Methods of fusing a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain with a CASCADE complex has been described, for example, in Cameron et al. “Harnessing type I CRISPR–Cas systems for genome engineering in human cells” Nature Biotechnology 37:1471–1477, 2019. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes a Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex further includes an endonuclease, for example, a Sphingobium amiense Cas3 or Fok1 endonuclease domain. In a non-limiting example, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6; a Cas7 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7; a Cas8c that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8; and/or a Cas11 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5 that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6; a Cas7 that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7; a Cas8c that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8; and/or a Cas11 that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; a Cas7 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; a Cas8c that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; and/or a Cas11 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; a Cas7 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; a Cas8c that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; and a Cas11 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex consists of a Cas5 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; a Cas7 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; a Cas8c that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; and/or a Cas11 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9. ^{9582-111817-02} In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes a Sphingobium amiense Cas3. In some aspects, the Cas3 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10. In some aspects, the Cas3 has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10. In further aspects, the Cas3 includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes a Fok1 nuclease domain. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex is fused with a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain, for example, by a peptide linker on the N-terminus of a Cas protein (e.g., Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11). In some aspects, the non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain is fused to Cas8c. Methods of fusing a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain with a CASCADE complex has been described, for example, in Cameron et al. “Harnessing type I CRISPR–Cas systems for genome engineering in human cells” Nature Biotechnology 37:1471–1477, 2019. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex further includes an endonuclease, for example, an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas2-Cas3 or Fok1 endonuclease domain. In a non-limiting example, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5fv that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; a Cas6 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12; and/or a Cas7fv that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 13. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5fv that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; a Cas6 that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12; and/or a Cas7fv that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 13. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5fv that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; and/or a Cas7fv that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5fv that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; and a Cas7fv that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex consists of a ^{9582-111817-02} Cas5fv that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; and a Cas7fv that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas2-Cas3. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes a Fok1 nuclease domain. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex is fused with a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain, for example, by a peptide linker on the N-terminus of a Cas protein (e.g., Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv). Methods of fusing a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain with a CASCADE complex has been described, for example, in Cameron et al. “Harnessing type I CRISPR–Cas systems for genome engineering in human cells” Nature Biotechnology 37:1471–1477, 2019. In some aspects, the CASCADE complex is a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex further includes an endonuclease, for example, Pragia fontium Cas2-Cas3 or Fok1 endonuclease domain. In a non-limiting example, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15; a Cas6 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16; a Cas7f that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17; and/or a Cas8f that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15; a Cas6 that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16; a Cas7f that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17; and/or a Cas8f that has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; a Cas7f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; and/or a Cas8f that includes or consists of SEQ ^{9582-111817-02} ID NO: 18. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes a Cas5f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; a Cas7f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; and a Cas8f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex consists of a Cas5f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; a Cas6 that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; a Cas7f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; and a Cas8f that includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex further includes a Pragia fontium Cas2-Cas3. In some aspects, the Cas2- Cas3 that has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19. In some examples, the Cas2-Cas3 has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19. In some aspects, the Cas2-Cas3 includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. In some aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system including a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex disclosed herein further includes a Fok1 nuclease domain. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 80% (e.g., at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100%) sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Fok1 nuclease domain includes or consists of SEQ ID NO: 102. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex is fused with a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain, for example, by a peptide linker on the N-terminus of a Cas protein (e.g., Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f). In some aspects, the non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain is fused to Cas8f. Methods of fusing a non-specific Fok1 nuclease domain with a CASCADE complex has been described, for example, in Cameron et al. “Harnessing type I CRISPR–Cas systems for genome engineering in human cells” Nature Biotechnology 37:1471–1477, 2019. The disclosure further contemplates class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems that include one or more functional variants of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. As used herein, functional variants refer to sequence variants that retain an endogenous function, for example, a functional variant of a Cas2- Cas3, or Cas3, retain endonuclease activity. In some aspects, the functional variant has at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or more percent identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. In some aspects, the functional variant includes at least one conservative amino acid substitution relative to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19, for example, about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, or about 10 conservative substitutions. In other aspects, the functional variant includes 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 1 to 6, 1 to 7, 1 to 8, 1 to 9, 1 to 10, 2 to 10, 3 to 10, 4 to 10, 5 to 10, 6 to 10, 7 to 10, 8 to 10, 9 to 10, 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 2 to 8, 4 to 6, or 4 to 8, conservative substitutions relative to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. In other aspects, the functional variant includes no more than about 1, about 2, about 3, about 4, about 5, about 6, about 7, about 8, about 9, or about 10 non-conservative substitutions relative to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. In further aspects, the functional variant includes 1 to 2, 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 1 to 6, 1 to 7, 1 to 8, 1 to 9, ^{9582-111817-02} 1 to 10, 2 to 10, 3 to 10, 4 to 10, 5 to 10, 6 to 10, 7 to 10, 8 to 10, 9 to 10, 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 2 to 8, 4 to 6, or 4 to 8, non-conservative substitutions relative to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19. In such aspects, the non-conservative amino acid substitution does not interfere with or inhibit the biological activity of the functional variant. A substitution (e.g., conservative or non-conservative amino acid substitution) may enhance the biological activity (e.g., endonuclease activity or nucleic acid binding) of the functional variant, such that the biological activity of the functional variant is increased as compared to the parent sequence. Any Cas protein disclosed herein (e.g., any of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19) can, in some aspects, include one or more synthetic amino acids in place of one or more naturally occurring amino acids. Non-limiting examples of synthetic amino acids include: aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid, norleucine, a-amino n-decanoic acid, homoserine, S-acetylaminomethyl-cysteine, trans-3- and trans-4- hydroxyproline, 4- aminophenylalanine, 4- nitrophenylalanine, 4-chlorophenylalanine, 4- carboxyphenylalanine, β-phenylserine β-hydroxyphenylalanine, phenylglycine, α -naphthylalanine, cyclohexylalanine, cyclohexylglycine, indoline-2-carboxylic acid, 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroisoquinoline-3- carboxylic acid, aminomalonic acid, aminomalonic acid monoamide, N'-benzyl-N'-methyl-lysine, Ν',Ν'-dibenzyl-lysine, 6-hydroxylysine, ornithine, α-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid, α- aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid, oc-aminocycloheptane carboxylic acid, -(2-amino-2-norbornane)- carboxylic acid, γ-diaminobutyric acid, α,β-diaminopropionic acid, homophenylalanine, and α-tert- butylglycine. In some aspects, an effector molecule is linked to a Cas protein disclosed herein. In some aspects, the effector molecule is a transcriptional activator, a transcriptional repressor, chromatin remodeling protein, histone modifying protein (e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, histone kinases, histone ubiquitinases, etc.), a base editor, a reporter, a tag, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), or a combination of two or more thereof. The effector molecule can be cleavable or removable from the Cas protein, for example, by linking the effector molecule to the Cas protein using a protease-cleavable linker, photocleavable linker, or a pH- sensitive linker. Exemplary suitable transcriptional activators include, but are not limited to VP16, VP64, HS1, MyoD, p65, VPR (fusion of VP64, p65 and Rta), EDLL, transcription activator domain (TAD) sourced from transcription activator-like effectors. Exemplary suitable transcriptional repressors include, but are not limited to CRAB, SID, SDRX, DLN144, DLS, and MIX. The use of other type I CRISPR-Cas systems for targeted transcriptional control has been described, for example, in Pickar- Oliver et al., “Targeted transcriptional modulation with type I CRISPR-Cas systems in human cells,” Nature Biotechnology 37:1493–1501, 2019. Exemplary chromatin remodeling or histone modifying proteins include, but are not limited to DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNA demethylation enzymes (e.g., TET1, TET2 and TET3), histone acetyltransferases CBP and p300, and histone methyltransferases (SMYD3, PRDM9 and DOT1L). ^{9582-111817-02} Exemplary suitable base editors include, but are not limited to, cytidine deaminases, adenosine deaminases, or dual base editing deaminases that confer simultaneous C-to-T and A-to-G base editing. In some aspects, a Cas protein disclosed herein is linked to a cytidine deaminase or adenine deaminase (see, e.g., Zimmermann et al. “A cas3-base editing tool for targetable in vivo mutagenesis” Nature Communications, 14:3389, 2023). Exemplary suitable nuclear localization signals (NLS) include, but are not limited to simian virus 40 (SV40) and nucleoplasmin NLS. Suitable reporters include any protein capable of producing a detectable signal, or protein that is part of a system that produces a detectable signal. Reporters generally do not significantly interfere or inhibit function of a linked protein. In some aspects, the reporter is a fluorescent reporter, chemiluminescent reporter, bioluminescent reporter, or colorimetric reporter. Exemplary fluorescent reporters include, but are not limited to, a green fluorescent protein (GFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), red fluorescent protein (RFP), or variants thereof. Exemplary chemiluminescent reporters include, for example, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP). Exemplary bioluminescent reporters include, for example, luciferase (e.g., Renilla luciferase). Exemplary colorimetric reporters include, but are not limited to, LacZ, GusA, CelB, AES, NagZ, PhoA, and Est2. In some aspects, the reporter is an enzyme, such as luciferase, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, LacZ, GusA, CelB, AES, NagZ, PhoA, or Est2. In some aspects, an enzyme reporter produces a detectable signal upon contact with an enzymatic substrate. A tag includes any molecule that facilitates capture/protein isolation, and/or detection. In some aspects, the tag is a 6X histidine tag, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag, IgG-Fc tag, maltose- binding protein tag, FLAG tag, or biotin tag. In some aspects, the tag is a protein for which antibodies are available and which can be detected or used to facilitate protein purification. In some aspects, the tag binds to a protein purification substrate or resin, such as a substrate or resin including protein A or/or protein G (e.g., protein A and/or G Sepharose® (crosslinked agarose bead), or magnetic beads including protein A and/or G), glutathione resin, streptavidin resin, or other affinity resin. In some aspects, the tag is a GST or maltose-binding protein (MBP) tag. Effector molecules can be covalently linked, for example, to the N-terminus or the C-terminus of a Cas protein. The effector molecule may be directly linked (for example, without an intervening amino acid linker) or indirectly linked (for example, via an amino acid linker) to a Cas protein. In some aspects, when the effector molecule is a protein, the effector molecule and Cas protein can be linked via transcriptional fusion. In such aspects, the effector molecule-Cas protein fusion can be referred to as a fusion protein or chimera. When a Cas protein is part of a fusion protein, the starting methionine (methionine in position 1 of an amino acid sequence) can be deleted. In some aspects, a Cas protein disclosed herein (e.g., any of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19) does not include a methionine in position 1. In some aspects, an effector and Cas protein are joined by an amino acid linker. In some aspects, the linker is an amino acid linker (such as 1-100 amino acids, such as 1-20 amino acids, 10- ^{9582-111817-02} 30 amino acids, 20-40 amino acids, 30-50 amino acids, 40-60 amino acids, 50-70 amino acids, 60-80 amino acids, 70-90 amino acids, or 80-100 amino acids). The amino acid linker may include 2 or more repeats of a particular linker sequence. In other examples, the linker is a cross-linker (such as a maleimide or succinimide linker) or other type of linker, such as a carbon chain. In some aspects, the effector is cleavable or removable from a linked Cas protein, for example, by using a protease cleavage site to facilitate removal of a reporter or tag (e.g., TEV cleavage site). Alternatively, a photocleavable, pH-sensitive, or other cleavable linker can be used. In some aspects, the cleavage site is positioned between the Cas protein and the effector molecule. When the effector molecule is not a protein, the effector may be directly attached to the Cas protein by a non-peptide bond, for example, a thiol or amine bond. Non-protein effector molecules may be attached to a Cas protein at any suitable location (e.g., a location where attachment can occur and does not significantly disrupt function of the Cas protein or the effector molecule), and are not limited to linkage at the N- or C-terminus. In other aspects, an effector molecule can be linked to a Cas protein by a streptavidin-biotin linker. In some aspects, the C-terminus of streptavidin is directly fused (for example, by a peptide bond) to the N-terminus of a Cas protein. In other aspects, the C-terminus of a Cas protein is directly fused (for example by a peptide bond) to the N-terminus of streptavidin. The Cas protein can also be indirectly linked to streptavidin, for example by a peptide linker, as discussed above with respect to effector molecules. The effector molecule is biotinylated, and the Cas protein and the effector molecule are linked by the interaction of between streptavidin and biotin. In other aspects, the Cas protein is biotinylated and the effector molecule is linked to a streptavidin moiety. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems disclosed herein include an artificial guide RNA (gRNA). The gRNA is not, or otherwise excludes, naturally occurring gRNA. There are two common ways of designing gRNAs for Type I CRISPR systems (a colon represents the interface between two genetic elements): (1) Mature direct repeats – promoter:HH ribozyme:5’ mature repeat:spacer:3’ mature repeat:HDV ribozyme:terminator. (2) Self processing – promoter:5’ direct repeat:spacer:3’ direct repeat:terminator. In method (1), the hammerhead (HH) and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozymes are used to undergo self-cleavage and release mature guide RNA; however, other RNA processing elements can replace HH and HDV (see, e.g., Tang et al., “Single transcript unit CRISPR 2.0 systems for robust Cas9 and Cas12a mediated plant genome editing.” Plant Biotechnology Journal 17(7): 1431-1445, 2018). This method is compatible with both Pol II and Pol III promoters. Moreover, due to the intrinsic self-cleavage of each ribozyme, gRNAs can be arranged in tandem under the control of a single Pol II promoter, making this an attractive multiplexing strategy. In method (2), the gRNA is transcribed as a pre-crRNA before undergoing maturation, which is orchestrated by Cas6 (Cas5 in Type I-C) of the CASCADE machinery. ^{9582-111817-02} Type I CRISPR systems, in comparison to type II, possess longer CRISPR RNA (crRNA) spacers on average, with most being 14 to 65 nucleotides (Gleditzsch et al. “Modulating the Cascade architecture of a minimal Type I-F CRISPR-Cas system,” Nucleic Acids Research, 44(12): 5872– 5882, 2016). Generally, the target site, also known as the protospacer, has 100% complementarity with the CRISPR RNA spacer (the RNA component which surveys genomic DNA for complementarity). In characterizing the novel Type IF and IC systems disclosed herein, the most abundant spacer lengths were observed to be 32 nucleotides for Type IF systems (IF-MM (Methylomonas methanica), IF-PF (Pragia fontium), and IF-AM (Alteromonas mediterranea)) and 34 nucleotides for Type IC-SA (Sphingobium amiense). Additionally, the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) 5’ of the protospacers were found to be GCC, NCC, RCC, and TTC (wherein N and R represent any nucleotide or purine, respectively) for IF-MM, IF-PF, IF-AM, IC-SA, respectively. With this in mind, target sites are selected by choosing a sequence of defined length for a distinct Type I system with its respective PAM located immediately 5’ of the protospacer. The gRNA includes a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) spacer sequence that is complementary to a nucleic acid target. In some aspects, the crRNA spacer is at least 15 nucleotides, for example, at least 17, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 34, at least 36, or more nucleotides. In some examples, the crRNA spacer is 15 to 65 nucleotides, for example, 15 to 60, 15 to 55, 15 to 50, 15 to 45, 15 to 40, 15 to 35, 15 to 32, 15 to 30, 15 to 25, 15 to 23, 15 to 21, 15 to 19, 15 to 17, 17 to 60, 17 to 55, 17 to 50, 17 to 45, 17 to 40, 17 to 35, 17 to 32, 17 to 30, 17 to 25, 17 to 23, 17 to 21, 17 to 19, 19 to 40, 19 to 60, 19 to 55, 19 to 50, 19 to 45, 19 to 40, 19 to 35, 19 to 32, 19 to 30, 19 to 25, 19 to 23, 19 to 21, 21 to 60, 21 to 55, 21 to 50, 21 to 45, 21 to 40, 21 to 35, 21 to 32, 21 to 30, 21 to 25, 21 to 23, 23 to 60, 23 to 55, 23 to 50, 23 to 45, 23 to 40, 23 to 35, 23 to 32, 23 to 30, 23 to 25, 25 to 60, 25 to 55, 25 to 50, 25 to 45, 25 to 40, 25 to 35, 25 to 32, 25 to 30, 28 to 60, 28 to 55, 28 to 50, 28 to 45, 28 to 40, 28 to 35, 28 to 32, 30 to 60, 30 to 55, 30 to 50, 30 to 45, 30 to 40, 30 to 38, 30 to 36, 30 to 35, 30 to 34, 30 to 33, 30 to 32, 31 to 60, 31 to 55, 31 to 50, 31 to 45, 31 to 40, 31 to 35, 31 to 34, 31 to 33, 31 to 32, 32 to 60, 32 to 55, 32 to 50, 32 to 45, 32 to 40, 32 to 38, 32 to 36, 32 to 35, 32 to 34, or 32 to 33 nucleotides. In some aspects, the crRNA spacer is 28 to 36 nucleotides. In some aspects, the crRNA spacer is 30 to 34 nucleotides. In some aspects, the crRNA spacer is about 32 nucleotides. Perfect base-pairing (100% complementarity) between the crRNA spacer and target nucleic acid sequence (protospacer) is not required. In some aspects, the crRNA spacer is at least 85% complementary to a target sequence (protospacer), for example, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or 100% complementary. In a non-limiting example, the crRNA spacer is at least 95% complementary to the target sequence. In a further non-limiting example, the crRNA spacer includes up to 5 mismatches relative to the target sequence. In other aspects, the crRNA spacer includes up to 3 mismatches relative to the target sequence. ^{9582-111817-02} In some aspects, the gRNA includes a 5’ and/or 3’ direct repeat sequence (for example, a direct repeat sequence disclosed herein (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 41, 44, 47, or 50)). In some aspects, the gRNA includes a 5’ and/or 3’ mature direct repeat sequence (for example, a mature direct repeat sequence disclosed herein (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, or 49)). In some aspects, the gRNA includes a self-cleaving ribozyme (e.g., hammerhead or hepatitis delta virus (HDV)). In some aspects, the gRNA is a dead gRNA (dgRNA). A dgRNA is a shortened guide RNA that facilitates targeting of CRISPR proteins to a target nucleic acid sequence, but Cas endonuclease function is disrupted or abolished when coupled with a dgRNA. dgRNA is useful, for example, in applications where endonuclease function is not needed or desired, for example, transcriptional modulation of a target sequence (e.g., gene activation or suppression, or epigenetic editing). In some aspects, one or more effector molecules (e.g., a transcriptional activator, a transcriptional repressor, a base editor, a reporter, a tag, etc.) are associated with a CRISPR complex (e.g., CASCADE) via a modified gRNA. In a non-limiting example, the gRNA is modified to extend a 3’ hairpin to include one or more (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or more) RNA binding motifs and an effector is linked (directly or indirectly) via a corresponding RNA binding domain. In some aspects, the RNA binding motif is an MS2 hairpin that is bound by the MS2 coat protein (MCP), which is linked to an effector. In a non-limiting example, MS2 hairpins can be used to recruit MCP-transcriptional activator fusion proteins to a target sequence. Other RNA aptamers may also be used, for example, PP7, Com, and BoxB. IV. Nucleic Acids, Vectors, and Host Cells Also disclosed are recombinant nucleic acid molecules encoding at least one Cas protein disclosed herein (e.g., any of SEQ ID NOs: 1-19). The nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein can be, for example, DNA, RNA, cDNA, or synthetic derivatives thereof. Sequences provided herein are shown as DNA sequences, however, a practitioner would readily recognize and understand base substitutions necessary to create a nucleic acid of interest, for example, replacing thymine with uracil for RNA molecules. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule encodes one or more Cas proteins of a Class 1 Type 1 CRISPR system. In some aspects, the Class 1 Type 1 CRISPR system is a Methylomonas methanica type IF system, a Sphingobium amiense type IC system, an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, or a Pragia fontium type IF system. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule encodes a CASCADE complex disclosed herein, for example: i) a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex; ii) a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex; iii) an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex; or iv) a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule encoding a CASCADE complex further encodes an endonuclease, for example, Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or a Fok1 endonuclease domain. ^{9582-111817-02} In some aspects, a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein encodes one or more Cas proteins from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-5). In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid encodes a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex including a Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid further includes a Methylomonas methanica Cas2-Cas3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 5). In some aspects, a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein encodes one or more Cas proteins from a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 6-10). In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid encodes a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex including a Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11. In some aspects, the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid further includes a Sphingobium amiense Cas3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 10). In some aspects, a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein encodes one or more Cas proteins from an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 11-14). In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid encodes an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex including Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv. In some aspects, the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid further includes an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas2-Cas3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 14). In some aspects, a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein encodes one or more Cas proteins from a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex (e.g., any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15-19). In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid encodes a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex including a Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. In some aspects, the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex includes or consists of Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid further includes a Pragia fontium Cas2-Cas3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 19). In some aspects, a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein includes at least 80% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38, for example, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38. In a non-limiting example, the recombinant nucleic acid includes at least 95% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid includes at least one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38, or a degenerate variant of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid ^{9582-111817-02} includes at least two of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38, or a degenerate variant of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20- 38. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid consists of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38 or a degenerate variant of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 20-38. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 20-24, or a degenerate variant thereof. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes at least two of SEQ ID NOs: 20-24, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 20-23, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 20-24, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule encodes one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 25-29, or a degenerate variant thereof. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes at least two of SEQ ID NOs: 25-29, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 25-28, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 25-29, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule encodes one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 30-33, or a degenerate variant thereof. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes at least two of SEQ ID NOs: 30-33, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 30-32, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 30-33, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule encodes one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 34-38, or a degenerate variant thereof. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes at least two of SEQ ID NOs: 34-38, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 34-37, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule includes all of SEQ ID NOs: 34-38, or a respective degenerate variant. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule is codon optimized for expression in a particular host cell, for example, expression in a bacterial, plant, or mammalian cell. In some aspects, the recombinant nucleic acid molecule is codon optimized for expression in a plant cell (e.g., maize, tomato, or soybean). Codon preferences of common host cells have been described and codon optimization tools are available to the public. The nucleic acid can further include a regulatory element (e.g., a promoter or transcriptional terminator). In some aspects, a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein is operably linked to a promoter. Suitable promoters include constitutive, conditional, inducible, and temporally or spatially specific promoters (e.g., a tissue specific promoter, a developmentally regulated promoter, or a cell cycle regulated promoter). Exemplary promoters include, but are not limited to, RNA polymerase II ^{9582-111817-02} promoter (Pol II), type III RNA polymerase III promoter (Pol III) (e.g., U6 (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana U6 (AtU6) of maize, tomato, or soybean, such as those disclosed in PCT/US2015/018104)), ubiquitin promoter (e.g., Solanum lycopersicum (SlUbi10), Arabidopsis thaliana (AtUbi10)), figwort mosaic virus (FMV) promoter, RUBISCO promoter, or pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PDK) promoter. Non- limiting examples of constitutive promoters include CaMV 35S promoter, as disclosed in US Patents 5,858,742 and 5,322,938, rice actin promoter as disclosed in US Patent 5,641,876, maize chloroplast aldolase promoter as disclosed in US Patent 7,151,204, and opaline synthase (NOS) and octapine synthase (OCS) promoter from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Suitable exemplary terminators include, but are not limited to, HSPt (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana HSPt (AtHSPt)), nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S terminator, rbcs E9 terminator (e.g., pea rbcs E9), and U6 poly-T terminator. Nucleic acids disclosed herein can further encode an effector molecule, for example, a transcriptional activator, transcriptional repressor, chromatin remodeling protein, histone modifying protein (e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases, histone methyltransferases, histone kinases, histone ubiquitinases, etc.), base editor, reporter, tag, or nuclear localization signal (NLS). Exemplary effector molecules are provided herein. Also provided are vectors that include a nucleic acid disclosed herein. Vectors typically include one or more regulatory elements, such as a promoter, operably linked to one or more polynucleotides (such as a recombinant nucleic acid disclosed herein). Expression of such polynucleotides can be controlled by promoter selection, such as constitutive, conditional, inducible, or temporally or spatially specific promoters (e.g., a tissue specific promoter, a developmentally regulated promoter, or a cell cycle regulated promoter). A vector can also include nucleic acid sequences that permit it to replicate in a host cell, such as an origin of replication. An integrating vector is capable of integrating itself into a host nucleic acid. An expression vector is a vector that contains the necessary regulatory sequences to allow transcription and translation of inserted gene or genes. One type of vector is a “plasmid,” which refers to a circular double-stranded DNA loop into which additional DNA segments can be inserted, such as by standard molecular cloning techniques. Another type of vector is a viral vector, wherein viral-derived DNA or RNA sequences are present in the vector for packaging into a virus (e.g., retroviruses, replication defective retroviruses, adenoviruses, replication defective adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses). Viral vectors also include polynucleotides carried by a virus for transfection into a host cell. Certain vectors are capable of autonomous replication in a host cell into which they are introduced (e.g., bacterial vectors having a bacterial origin of replication). Other vectors are integrated into the genome of a host cell upon introduction into the host cell and, thereby, are replicated along with the host genome. In some aspects, the vector is a plant expression vector. Expression vectors can include a DNA segment near the 3′ end of an expression cassette that acts as a signal to terminate transcription ^{9582-111817-02} and directs polyadenylation of a resultant mRNA. These are commonly referred to as “3′-untranslated regions” or “3′-UTRs” or “polyadenylation signals”. Useful 3′ elements include: Agrobacterium tumefaciens nos 3′, tml 3′, tmr 3′, tms 3′, ocs 3′, and tr73′ elements disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,627, and 3′ elements from plant genes such as the heat shock protein 17, ubiquitin, and fructose- 1,6-biphosphatase genes from wheat (Triticum aestivum), and the glutelin, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-tubulin genes from rice (Oryza sativa). In some aspects, the vector includes additional elements for improving delivery of a polynucleotide to a plant cell (including a plant protoplast), for example, a cell-penetrating peptide, localization signal (e.g., NLS), transit, or targeting peptide; or sequences to stabilize encoded RNAs (such as a guide RNA). In some aspects, the vector is a transfer DNA (T-DNA) or vector. T-DNA vectors are artificial vectors derived from the naturally occurring Ti plasmid found in bacterial species of Agrobacterium. Typically, T-DNA vectors are plasmids. Exemplary T-DNA vector series include, but are not limited to, pBIN (e.g., pBIN19), pPVP (e.g., pPZP200), pCB (e.g., pCB301), pCAMBIA (e.g., pCAMBIA-1300), pGreen (e.g., pGreen0000), pLSU (e.g., pLSU-1) and pLX (e.g., pLX-B2). In binary systems, a vir helper plasmid (e.g., EHA101, EHA105, AGL-1, LBA4404, and GV2260), contains the vir genes of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium, and is co-transformed with a T-DNA vector to facilitate transfer and integration of a DNA of interest. In some aspects, the T-DNA vector is suitable for biolistic delivery into a host cell. In some aspects, a nucleic acid disclosed herein is directly introduced into a host cell (e.g., a plant cell) by biolistic-based transformation (e.g., gene gun). Biolistic-based transformation includes methods of delivering nucleic acids into cells by high-speed particle bombardment, for example, a particle (e.g., gold or tungsten or magnetic particle) coated in DNA is delivered into a cell by a particle gun accelerator or gene gun, or by magnetic force. The size of particles used in biolistics is generally in the “microparticle” range, for example, gold microcarriers in the 0.6, 1.0, and 1.6 micrometer size ranges (see, e.g., instruction manual for the Helios® Gene Gun System, Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), however, successful biolistics delivery using larger (40 nanometer) nanoparticles has also been reported, see, e.g., O’Brian and Lummis (2011) BMC Biotechnol., 11:66 – 71. Biolistic methods can be used to introduce circular, linear, double-stranded, or single-stranded nucleic acids. Further provided are cells (host cell) including a nucleic acid or vector disclosed herein. Host cells include, for example, prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Non-limiting examples of suitable host cells include bacterial, archaea, insect (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda cells), fungi (for example, yeast), plant, and animal cells (for example, mammalian cells, such as human cells). In some aspects, the host cell is a bacterial, yeast, plant, insect, or mammalian cell. Exemplary host cells include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells, and mammalian cell lines. Examples of commonly used mammalian host cell lines include, but are not limited to: VERO cells, HeLa cells, CHO cells, HEK293 cells (e.g., 293-F ^{9582-111817-02} cells), WI38 cells, BHK cells (e.g., BHK21 cells), HT-1080 cells, PER.C6 cells, HKB-11 cells, HuH- 7 cells, and COS cells. In some aspects, the cell is a bacterial cell, for example, an agrobacterium cell. In some aspects, the cell is a plant cell (including protoplasts). The plant cell can be obtained from a dicot or a monocot. In some aspects, the plant cell is from or is part of a crop plant, fruit- producing plant, tree, vegetable, or ornamental plant, including ornamental flowers, shrubs, trees, groundcovers, and turf grasses. Non-limiting examples include: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), almonds (Prunus dulcis), apples (Malus x domestica), apricots (Prunus armeniaca, P. brigantine, P. mandshurica, P. mume, P. sibirica), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), bananas (Musa spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), beans (Phaseolus spp.), blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.), cacao (Theobroma cacao), canola and rapeseed or oilseed rape, (Brassica napus), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), carrots (Daucus carota sativus), cassava (Manihot esculentum), cherry (Prunus avium), chickpea (Cider arietinum), chicory (Cichorium intybus), chili peppers and other capsicum peppers (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. pubescens, C. baccatum), chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum spp.), coconut (Cocos nucifera), coffee (Coffea spp. including Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), currants and gooseberries (Ribes spp.), eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), flax (Linum usitatissumum), geraniums (Pelargonium spp.), grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi), grapes (Vitus spp.) including wine grapes (Vitus vinifera), guava (Psidium guajava), irises (Iris spp.), lemon (Citrus limon), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), limes (Citrus spp.), maize (Zea mays), mango (Mangifera indica), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), melon (Cucumis melo), millets (Setaria spp., Echinochloa spp., Eleusine spp, Panicum spp., Pennisetum spp.), oats (Avena sativa), oil palm (Ellis quineensis), olive (Olea europaea), onion (Allium cepa), orange (Citrus sinensis), papaya (Carica papaya), peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus spp.), pea (Pisa sativum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), peonies (Paeonia spp.), petunias (Petunia spp.), pineapple (Ananas comosus), plantains (Musa spp.), plum (Prunus domestica), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), Polish canola (Brassica rapa), poplar (Populus spp.), potato (Solanum tuberosum), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), rice (Oryza sativa), roses (Rosa spp.), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), rye (Secale cereale), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L), sesame seed (Sesame indium), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), soybean (Glycine max), squash (Cucurbita pepo), strawberries (Fragaria spp., Fragaria x ananassa), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), sugarcanes (Saccharum spp.), sunflower (Helianthus annus), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tangerine (Citrus tangerina), tea (Camellia sinensis), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), tulips (Tulipa spp.), turnip (Brassica rapa rapa), walnuts (Juglans spp.), watermelon (Citrulus lanatus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and yams (Discorea spp.). In a non-limiting example, the plant cell is a rice cell (Oryza sativa), soybean cell (Glycine max), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), or maize (Zea mays). ^{9582-111817-02} Also provided are plants or plant parts (including callus) that include a cell disclosed herein, for example, a tissue culture including a cell transformed with a nucleic acid or vector disclosed herein, or a plant regenerated from a cell transformed with a nucleic acid or vector disclosed herein. In some aspects, the host cell is used for protein expression and/or purification. There are many suitable protein expression system options, including systems that express protein in yeast, insect, bacterial, or mammalian cells. Non-limiting examples of cell lines suitable for expressing the disclosed nucleic acids or vectors include E. coli (e.g., BL21 (DE3)), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, Pichia pastoris, Nicotiana benthamiana, Oryza sativa, and Spodoptera frugiperda (e.g., Sf9 cells). In some aspects, the cells are transformed or transfected with a vector including a nucleic acid disclosed herein. The vector can also include one or more tags for purification of an encoded protein (e.g., a Cas protein disclosed herein), such as histidine (His), chitin- binding protein (CBP), maltose-binding protein (MBP), or glutathione-S-transferase (GST), or a streptavidin tag. In some aspects, the vector further encodes a heat shock protein, molecular chaperone, or cofactor. V. Methods Also disclosed are methods of making a cell (e.g., host cell) disclosed herein, the method including introducing (e.g., transforming) a nucleic acid or vector disclosed herein into the host cell. Transformation encompasses all molecular biology techniques by which a heterologous nucleic acid molecules might be introduced into a cell, including chemical methods (e.g., calcium-phosphate transfection), physical methods (e.g., electroporation, microinjection, particle bombardment), fusion (e.g., liposomes), lipofection, nucleofection, receptor-mediated endocytosis (e.g., DNA-protein complexes, viral envelope/capsid-DNA complexes), agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics (particle gun accelerator or gene gun), or other suitable transduction and/or transfection method. Also disclosed are methods of modifying a target nucleic acid sequence or altering expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell. In some aspects, the methods include introducing into a cell a heterologous class 1 type I CRISPR system disclosed herein (e.g., a CASCADE complex from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system, a Sphingobium amiense type IC system, an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, or a Pragia fontium type IF system disclosed herein). The type I CRISPR-Cas systems disclosed herein include a CASCADE complex and an artificial guide RNA (gRNA). A class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system or CASCADE complex can be introduced into a cell, for example, by transforming one or more nucleic acid molecules disclosed herein that encode one or more components of the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system (e.g., Cas proteins or gRNA) or CASCADE complex (e.g., Cas proteins). In some aspects, all of the Cas genes required for a CASCADE complex are encoded on a single contiguous nucleic acid molecule that is transformed ^{9582-111817-02} into a cell. In other aspects, each Cas gene required for a CASCADE complex is encoded by two or more non-contiguous nucleic acid molecules that are transformed into a cell. In some aspects, all of the Cas genes required for a class 1 type I CASCADE complex, an endonuclease (e.g., Cas3, Cas2- Cas3, or Fok1 endonuclease domain), and a gRNA are encoded in a single contiguous nucleic acid molecule that is transformed into a cell. In some aspects, all of the Cas genes required for a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas CASCADE complex are encoded on one nucleic acid molecule, an endonuclease (e.g., Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or Fok1 endonuclease domain) is encoded on a second nucleic acid molecule, and a gRNA is encoded on a third nucleic acid molecule, and all three separate nucleic acid molecules are co-transformed into the host cell (simultaneously or consecutively). In some aspects, all of the Cas genes required for a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas CASCADE complex, an endonuclease (e.g., Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or Fok1 endonuclease domain), and gRNA are encoded in a single vector that is transformed into a host cell. In some aspects, all of the Cas genes required for a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas CASCADE complex, an endonuclease (e.g., Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or Fok1 endonuclease domain), and gRNA are encoded on two or more vectors that are transformed into a host cell. In some aspects, one or more components of a CASCADE complex disclosed herein (e.g., Cas proteins) are introduced by transforming a host cell with isolated protein, for example, isolated Cas proteins that assemble a CASCADE complex once in vivo, or an in vitro assembled CASCADE complex. In such aspects, the host cell (that has been or will be transformed with the Cas protein or CASCADE complex) can be engineered to express an artificial gRNA, or the artificial guide RNA can be directly transformed as RNA. When a gRNA is transformed as RNA, it does not need to be expressed by the host cell. In other aspects, a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system disclosed herein is introduced into a host cell by transforming the cell with an isolated ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which includes an assembled CASCADE complex associated with the artificial gRNA. Components of a CASCADE complex (e.g., Cas proteins) or a class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system (e.g., Cas proteins or gRNA) can be introduced into a cell simultaneously or can be introduced into the same cell at different times. Thus, in one example, a gRNA is introduced into a cell before, after, or substantially at the same time as a CASCADE complex disclosed herein. In some aspects, the methods further include introducing an endonuclease into the cell, for example, Cas3 or Cas2-Cas3 (e.g., a Cas3 or Cas2-Cas3 from a Methylomonas methanica type IF system, a Sphingobium amiense type IC system, an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, or a Pragia fontium type IF system), or Fok1 endonuclease domain. In some aspects, the methods include further introducing a Cas3 or Cas2-3 of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5, 10, 14, or 19. In some aspects, the methods do not include introducing a Cas endonuclease (e.g., Cas3 or Cas2-3). In some aspects, modifying the target nucleic acid sequence includes introducing an insertion, deletion, or substitution. In some aspects, the insertion, deletion, or substitution is facilitated by further introducing an exogenous donor or repair template. A donor or repair template is a nucleic acid fragment used to repair double-stranded genomic DNA breaks via homology-dependent repair ^{9582-111817-02} (HDR) mechanisms. Repair templates typically include 5’ and 3’ homology to a genomic DNA target, which flank a central modified sequence (modified relative to a native genomic sequence), for example, a sequence including an insertion, deletion, or substitution relative to a native genomic sequence. Upon HDR, a native genomic sequence is replaced by the repair template sequence, thus introducing an insertion, deletion, or substitution into the genome. In some aspects, the methods disclosed herein do not include introducing a repair template. In some such aspects, the cell may repair DNA breaks through endogenous mechanisms, which typically results in deletions or insertions. Altering expression includes, for example, increasing or decreasing expression of a target nucleic acid. In some aspects, expression is increased, for example, by targeting a transcriptional activator to a target sequence. In some aspects, expression is decreased, for example, by targeting a transcriptional repressor or by introducing insertions or deletions that disrupt or abolish transcription of a target nucleic acid. In some aspects, expression is increased or decreased, for example, by targeting a chromatin remodeling or histone modifying protein (e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, kinases, ubiquitinases, etc.) to a target sequence, thereby inducing epigenic changes that modulate gene expression. Recruitment of transcriptional activators, repressors, chromatin remodeling proteins, or histone modifying proteins can be achieved, for example, by using a Cas protein linked to an effector molecule, wherein the effector molecule is a transcriptional activator, repressor, chromatin remodeling protein, or histone modifying protein. In some aspects, recruitment of transcriptional activators or repressors is achieved by using a gRNA that includes an RNA binding motif, for example, an MS2 hairpin. In some aspects, the cell is a bacterial, archaea, insect (for example, Spodoptera frugiperda cells), fungi (for example, yeast), plant, or animal cell (for example, mammalian cells, such as human cells). Specific examples of suitable cells include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Agrobacterium sp., Rhizobium sp., Sinorhizobium sp., Mesorhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp., Azobacter sp., Phyllobacterium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells, VERO cells, HeLa cells, CHO cells, HEK293 cells (e.g., 293-F cells), WI38 cells, BHK cells (e.g., BHK21 cells), HT-1080 cells, PER.C6 cells, HKB-11 cells, HuH-7 cells, and COS cells. In some aspects, the cell is a plant cell (including protoplasts). In some aspects, the cell is in an isolated plant cell or part of an isolated plant tissue and the method is performed in vitro. In other aspects, the plant cell is not an isolated plant cell, for example, the plant cell is located in an intact plant or in a plant part or tissue. In such aspects, the method is performed in situ or in planta (e.g., agrobacterium-mediated transformation via floral dip). The plant cell can be from a dicot or a monocot. In some aspects, the plant cell is from or is part of a row crop plant, fruit-producing plant, tree, vegetable, or ornamental plant, including ornamental flowers, shrubs, trees, groundcovers, and turf grasses. Specific examples include: alfalfa ^{9582-111817-02} (Medicago sativa), almonds (Prunus dulcis), apples (Malus x domestica), apricots (Prunus armeniaca, P. brigantine, P. mandshurica, P. mume, P. sibirica), asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), bananas (Musa spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare), beans (Phaseolus spp.), blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.), cacao (Theobroma cacao), canola and rapeseed or oilseed rape, (Brassica napus), carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), carrots (Daucus carota sativus), cassava (Manihot esculentum), cherry (Prunus avium), chickpea (Cider arietinum), chicory (Cichorium intybus), chili peppers and other capsicum peppers (Capsicum annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. pubescens, C. baccatum), chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum spp.), coconut (Cocos nucifera), coffee (Coffea spp. including Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), currants and gooseberries (Ribes spp.), eggplant or aubergine (Solanum melongena), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), flax (Linum usitatissumum), geraniums (Pelargonium spp.), grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi), grapes (Vitus spp.) including wine grapes (Vitus vinifera), guava (Psidium guajava), irises (Iris spp.), lemon (Citrus limon), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), limes (Citrus spp.), maize (Zea mays), mango (Mangifera indica), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), melon (Cucumis melo), millets (Setaria spp., Echinochloa spp., Eleusine spp, Panicum spp., Pennisetum spp.), oats (Avena sativa), oil palm (Ellis quineensis), olive (Olea europaea), onion (Allium cepa), orange (Citrus sinensis), papaya (Carica papaya), peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica), pear (Pyrus spp.), pea (Pisa sativum), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), peonies (Paeonia spp.), petunias (Petunia spp.), pineapple (Ananas comosus), plantains (Musa spp.), plum (Prunus domestica), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), Polish canola (Brassica rapa), poplar (Populus spp.), potato (Solanum tuberosum), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), rice (Oryza sativa), roses (Rosa spp.), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), rye (Secale cereale), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L), sesame seed (Sesame indium), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), soybean (Glycine max), squash (Cucurbita pepo), strawberries (Fragaria spp., Fragaria x ananassa), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), sugarcanes (Saccharum spp.), sunflower (Helianthus annus), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tangerine (Citrus tangerina), tea (Camellia sinensis), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), tulips (Tulipa spp.), turnip (Brassica rapa rapa), walnuts (Juglans spp.), watermelon (Citrulus lanatus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and yams (Discorea spp.). In a non-limiting example, the plant cell is a rice cell (Oryza sativa), a soybean cell (Glycine max), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), or maize (Zea mays). In some aspects, the plant cell (including protoplasts) is an isolated plant cell or part of an isolated plant tissue (e.g., tissue culture). In some aspects, the isolated plant cell is obtained or isolated from a whole plant or a plant part or tissue, for example (and without limitation), an intact nodal bud, a shoot apex or shoot apical meristem, a root apex or root apical meristem, lateral meristem, intercalary meristem, a seedling (e.g., a germinating seed or small seedling or a larger seedling with one or more true leaves), a whole seed (e.g., an intact seed, or a seed with part or all of its seed coat removed or treated to make permeable), a halved seed or other seed fragment, an embryo ^{9582-111817-02} (e.g., a mature dissected zygotic embryo, a developing embryo, a dry or rehydrated or freshly excised embryo), or callus. In some aspects, the isolated plant cell is a protoplast. Generally, transformed plant cells (including protoplasts) are capable of division and further differentiation. In some aspects, a transformed plant cell is regenerated to a whole plant. In some aspects, the methods further include one or more steps of growing or regenerating a plant from a transformed plant cell, for example, a transformed plant cell including, producing or expressing a nucleic acid disclosed herein (e.g., a nucleic acid encoding a Cas protein disclosed herein), or including an induced genetic modification or altered gene expression as disclosed herein, thereby generating a modified plant. In such aspects, the grown or regenerated plant contains at least some cells or tissues producing or expressing the transformed nucleic acid or including the induced genetic modification. In some aspects, a callus is produced from a transformed plant cell, and plantlets and plants are produced from the callus. In other non-limiting examples, whole seedlings or plants are grown directly from a transformed plant cell without a callus stage. In additional aspects, whole seedlings and plants are grown or regenerated from transformed plant cells produced by the methods disclosed herein. Encompassed by this disclosure is the seed of such plants. In some aspects, the grown or regenerated plant exhibits a phenotype associated with expression of the nucleic acid, the induced genetic modification, or altered gene expression. Non-limiting phenotypes include herbicide resistance, improved tolerance of abiotic stress (e.g., tolerance of temperature extremes, drought, or salt) or biotic stress (e. g., resistance to bacterial or fungal pathogens), improved utilization of nutrients or water, modified lipid, carbohydrate, or protein composition, improved flavor or appearance, improved storage characteristics (e.g., resistance to bruising, browning, or softening), increased yield, altered morphology (e.g., floral architecture or color, plant height, branching, root structure), or expression of a selectable marker. The methods can include a selection step of selecting transformed plant cells (or seedlings or plants grown or regenerated therefrom) with a desired phenotype, for example, transformed plant cells (or seedlings or plants) can be exposed to conditions permitting expression of a phenotype of interest; e.g., selection for herbicide resistance can include exposing the population of plant cells (or seedlings or plants) to an amount of herbicide or other substance that inhibits growth or is toxic, allowing identification and selection of those resistant plant cells (or seedlings or plants) that survive treatment. Plant cells (or seedlings or plants grown or regenerated therefrom) can be selected based on manifestation of a desired phenotype. Such plants can be selected, for example, for further analysis or plant breeding. The plant cell can be haploid, diploid, or polyploid. In some aspects, the plant cell is haploid or can be induced to become haploid. Examples of haploid cells include but are not limited to plant cells obtained from haploid plants and plant cells obtained from reproductive tissues, e.g., from flowers, developing flowers or flower buds, ovaries, ovules, megaspores, anthers, pollen, and microspores. In some aspects where the plant cell is haploid, the method of modifying the genetic ^{9582-111817-02} material of the plant cell can further include a step of chromosome doubling (e.g., by spontaneous chromosomal doubling by meiotic non-reduction, or by using a chromosome doubling agent such as colchicine, oryzalin, or trifluralin) to produce a doubled haploid plant cell that is homozygous for the induced genetic modification. Thus, aspects of the disclosure are related to haploid plant cells having the altered target nucleotide sequence as well as a doubled haploid plant cells or a doubled haploid plant that is homozygous for an induced genetic modification. Another aspect of the disclosure is related to a hybrid plant having at least one parent plant that is a doubled haploid plant provided by the method. Production of doubled haploid plants by these methods provides homozygosity in one generation, instead of requiring several generations of self-crossing to obtain homozygous plants; this may be particularly advantageous in slow-growing plants, such as fruit and other trees, or for producing hybrid plants that are offspring of at least one doubled-haploid plant. Clauses Clause 1. A class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system, comprising: a CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (CASCADE) complex comprising a plurality of Cas proteins and an artificial guide RNA (gRNA), wherein the CASCADE complex is: i) a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex; ii) a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex; iii) an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex; or iv) a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. Clause 2. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of clause 1, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises a Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises a Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises a Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. Clause 3. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv; or ^{9582-111817-02} iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. Clause 4. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, further comprising a Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or a Fok1 endonuclease domain. Clause 5. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein: c) the Cas5fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12; d) the Cas7fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or a) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19. Clause 6. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; ^{9582-111817-02} b) the Cas7 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein: c) the Cas5fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; d) the Cas7fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or a) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. Clause 7. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4; and e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9; and e) the Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein: c) the Cas5fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; d) the Cas7fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13; and a) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; ^{9582-111817-02} d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18; and e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. Clause 8. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, wherein the gRNA is a dead guide RNA (dgRNA). Clause 9. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of the prior clauses, further comprising an effector molecule linked to at least one of the plurality of Cas proteins, wherein the effector molecule is a transcriptional activator, a transcriptional repressor, a base editor, a reporter, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), or a combination of two or more thereof. Clause 10. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule encoding at least one of the plurality of Cas proteins of any one of the prior clauses. Clause 11. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of clause 10, encoding: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. Clause 12. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of clause 10 or 11, further encoding a Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, and/or gRNA. Clause 13. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule encoding one or more Cas proteins of a Type 1 CRISPR system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins are from: i) a Methylomonas methanica type IF system; ii) a Sphingobium amiense type IC system; iii) an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system; or iv) a Pragia fontium type IF system. Clause 14. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of clause 13, comprising: i) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the Cas proteins comprise a Methylomonas methanica Cas2-Cas3, Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f; ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise a Sphingobium amiense Cas3, Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11; iii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas2-Cas3, Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv; or iv) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprises a Pragia fontium Cas2-Cas3, Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. Clause 15. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of clause 13 or 14, comprising: ^{9582-111817-02} i) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the Cas proteins comprise the Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f; ii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise the Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11; iii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise the Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv; or iv) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprises the Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. Clause 16. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of clauses 13 to 15, comprising: i) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein: a) the Cas5fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12; c) the Cas7fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or d) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16; ^{9582-111817-02} c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19. Clause 17. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of clauses 13 to 16, comprising: i) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein: a) the Cas5fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; c) the Cas7fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or d) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. Clause 18. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of clauses 13 to 17, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 20-24, or a degenerate variant thereof; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 25-29, or a degenerate variant thereof; ^{9582-111817-02} iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 30-33, or a degenerate variant thereof; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 34-38, or a degenerate variant thereof. Clause 19. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of clauses 13 to 18, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 20-23, or degenerate variants thereof; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 25-28, or degenerate variants thereof; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 30-32, or degenerate variants thereof; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 34-37, or degenerate variants thereof. Clause 20. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of clauses 10 to 19, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is codon optimized for expression in plants. Clause 21. A vector comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of clauses 10 to 20. Clause 22. A host cell comprising the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of clauses 1 to 9, the recombinant nucleic acid of any one of clauses 10 to 20, or the vector of clause 21. Clause 23. A method of modifying a target nucleic acid sequence or altering expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell, comprising: introducing the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of clauses 1 to 9 into the cell. Clause 24. The method of clause 23, wherein introducing comprises transforming the cell with one or more nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of clauses 1 to 9, and/or transforming the cell with a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle comprising the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of clauses 1 to 9. Clause 25. The method of clause 23 or clause 24, wherein modifying the target nucleic acid sequence comprises introducing an insertion, deletion, or substitution. Clause 26. The method of any one of clauses 23 to 25, wherein altering expression comprises increasing or decreasing expression of the target nucleic acid. Clause 27. The method of any one of clauses 22 to 26, wherein the cell is a eukaryotic cell. Clause 28. The method of any one of clauses 22 to 27, wherein the cell is a plant cell. Clause 29. The method of any one of clauses 22 to 28, wherein the cell is a protoplast. Clause 30. The method of any one of clauses 22 to 29, wherein the cell is part of a plant or a plant tissue culture. Clause 31. A plant comprising the cell of clause 22. Clause 32. A plant generated from the cell or tissue culture of any one of clauses 28 to 30. ^{9582-111817-02} Clause 33. Seed of the plant of clause 32. EXAMPLES The following examples are provided to illustrate particular features of certain aspects of the disclosure, but the scope of the claims should not be limited to those features exemplified. Example 1 Identification of Candidate Type IC and IF Systems Open reading frame (ORF) sequences for putative Class I Type IC and Type IF CRISPR-Cas systems were obtained from the CRISPR-Cas++ database (Bae et al., Bioinforma Oxf Engl 30:1473- 1475, 2014; Couvin et al., Nuc Acids Res 46:W246-W251, 2018), which surveyed publicly available published genomes to identify characterize, annotate, and compile CRISPR-related features. Type IC and Type IF candidates expected to be functional at room temperature (about 18-32 ℃) were selected. Temperature data was determined through publicly available literature, with an emphasis on NCBI catalogued published sources. The initial search resulted in Type IC and Type IF candidates sourced from 36 prokaryotes. A prokaryotic organism can harbor several Type I systems of the same or different subtype. Putative Type IC and Type IF systems sourced from these prokaryotes were identified as prospective candidates if all the components (i.e. Cas genes and CRISPR array) were present without any additional genes in the CRISPR locus, and conserved direct repeat DNA sequences with several spacers were present. For prospective Type IF and Type IC candidates, in silico PAM prediction was performed using CRISPRTarget (Biswas et al., RNA Biol 10:817-827, 2013). Spacers obtained from CRISPR- CAS++ database were used as query sequences to find protospacers. Where multiple CRISPR arrays were present in the same prokaryote, the most proximal array(s) to the Cas genes were chosen for PAM prediction. The length of the flanking sequence on 5’ end of the protospacer, from which the PAM was inferred, was set to 10. CRISPRTarget produced a quality score for PAM prediction that is determined upon mismatches between the query spacer sequence and the protospacer. The score cutoff was set to 20 and predictions based on less mismatches between the query spacer sequence and protospacers were favored in PAM prediction. Most query spacer sequences and protospacer pairs were found through the IMGVR database, a database for genomes of cultivated and uncultivated viruses primarily obtained from metagenomic samples that CRISPRTarget integrates, amongst other databases. PAM predictions were visualized using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) logo tool (Schneider et al., Nuc Acids Res 18:817-827, 2013). Predicted PAM sequences are shown in FIGS. 1A-4B. Four CRISPR systems were selected for further evaluation based on the unambiguous results of PAM predictions with a simple motif: one type IC system (Sphingobium amiense DSM16289 – TIC), one type IFv system (Alteromonas mediterranea CP48/CP49 – TIF) and two type IF systems (Methylomonas methanica MC09 – TIF, Pragia fontium 24613 - TIF). ^{9582-111817-02} Cas genes from all type I systems were manually checked for correct annotation and in case of type IC system, Cas11 was manually annotated (Tan et al., Mol Cell 82:852-867, 2022). Maize codon optimized Cas genes were ordered (using IDT codon optimization tool) as synthetic DNA and cloned into the modified Golden Gate and Gateway LR assembly cloning vectors to ensure expression from a single T-DNA vector (Lowder et al., Plant Physiol 169:971-985, 2015) encoding CASCADE, Cas3, and either mature gRNA or gRNA to be self-processed (FIGS.5A-5C). Example 2 Characterization of top CRIPSR editing candidates The Type I systems were tested using an in vitro transcription/translation assay (IVTT; Arbor Biosciences) based on GPF plasmid restriction measured as a decrease in the rate/final level of fluorescence in the sample containing type I systems relative to the negative control containing a rice gene targeting guide with no homology to the reporter GFP plasmid. The IVTT assay was performed as described in Wimmer et al.2022 (“Rapid cell-free characterization of multi-subunit CRISPR effectors and transposons.” Molecular Cell, 82(6): 1210-1224). The IVTT assay showed a reduction in GFP fluorescence, indicating reduction in GFP transcription through binding or cleavage of GFP. These results demonstrate that the Type I systems achieved specific DNA targeting. Type I systems were also tested in rice protoplasts. Control of transformation efficiency was above 90% as determined by fluorescence of the protoplasts transformed with GFP expressing T- DNA vector. Genome editing control represented a CRIPSR-Cas12a system editing previously tested target site. All tested novel Type I systems were screened for activity in at least 5 biological replicates. After the assay was completed, DNA was isolated and PCR amplified using Phire Plant Direct PCR Kit (Thermo Fisher, cat. #: F130WH) to produce PCR amplicons of up to 5 kbp in size with the Type I restriction site located in the middle of the amplicon (FIG.6). PCR amplicons were purified, desalinated and nanopore sequenced to determine novel type I system’s activity. Methylomonas methanica MC09 – TIF demonstrated in two biological replicates approximately 1.5 kbp unidirectional deletion upstream from the OsGS3-gR1 target site (FIGS.7-8). Using a bioinformatic approach, a list of CRISPR type IC and IF systems was curated. Results from an IVTT assay demonstrated prevention of GFP transcription, indicating successful DNA editing. In addition, results from rice protoplast assay of screening of novel Type I systems demonstrated unidirectional cleaving activity as detected by Nanopore sequencing. Thus, the disclosed CRISPR Type IC and IF systems are functional, and useful for a variety of applications including genome, epigenome editing, and transcriptional regulation. ^{9582-111817-02} Example 3 Stable Transformation of Methylomonas methanica MC09 – TIF in Rice Motivated by the large deletions created by Type IF MM (Methylomonas methanica MC09) in rice protoplasts, two constructs were selected for Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation in rice cv. Kitaake. Genomic DNA was extracted from T0 plants and long-range amplicons were amplified from plants targeting OsGS3 and OsGW2, respectively. Nested PCR revealed the presence of large deletions (FIG.9). Next, PCR products were cleaned up using a Qiagen PCR purification kit and subjected to Oxford Nanopore Technologies® DNA nanopore sequencing. Raw reads were processed and mapped to a reference sequence and sequencing coverage was viewed using Integrated Genomics Viewer (IGV) (FIG.10A). Genome editing summary statistics are shown in FIG.10B. Regions of low coverage revealed large, bidirectional deletions generated by CRISPR Type IF MM at both target sites (see, FIGS.11A-11D). These results suggest that this Type IF MM system is functional in rice plants and can introduce deletions spanning kilobases in size, with some plants exhibiting deletions greater than 3.5 kilobases. This represents a novel and efficient tool for introducing large genomic deletions in plants, which can be harnessed for editing cis-regulatory elements and chromosome engineering. Example 4 Gene Editing Using a Fok1 Endonuclease In this example, a Fok1 nuclease domain (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 102) is fused via a peptide linker (e.g., a glycine-serine linker) to a Cas protein of a CASCADE complex disclosed herein. A pair of artificial gRNAs are designed to target the same locus in a PAM-out orientation, with a 15 to 20bp gap in between the two target sites. This gRNA design allows for recruitment of two Fok1- CASCADE complexes to the target site, which allows Fok1 dimerization and targeted nucleic acid cleavage. It will be apparent that the precise details of the methods or compositions described may be varied or modified without departing from the spirit of the described aspects of the disclosure. We claim all such modifications and variations that fall within the scope and spirit of the claims below.

Claims

^{9582-111817-02} We claim: 1. A class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system, comprising: a CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense (CASCADE) complex comprising a plurality of Cas proteins and an artificial guide RNA (gRNA), wherein the CASCADE complex is: i) a Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex; ii) a Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex; iii) an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex; or iv) a Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. 2. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 1, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises a Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises a Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises a Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. 3. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 1, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein the plurality of Cas proteins comprises or consists of the Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. 4. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 2, further comprising a Cas3, Cas2-Cas3, or a Fok1 endonuclease domain. 5. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 4, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; ^{9582-111817-02} b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein: c) the Cas5fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12; d) the Cas7fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or a) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19. 6. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 4, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein: c) the Cas5fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; ^{9582-111817-02} b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; d) the Cas7fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or a) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. 7. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 4, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4; and e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9; and e) the Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex, wherein: c) the Cas5fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; d) the Cas7fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13; and a) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18; and e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. 8. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 1, wherein the gRNA is a dead guide RNA (dgRNA). ^{9582-111817-02} 9. The class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of claim 1, further comprising an effector molecule linked to at least one of the plurality of Cas proteins, wherein the effector molecule is a transcriptional activator, a transcriptional repressor, a base editor, a reporter, a nuclear localization signal (NLS), or a combination of two or more thereof. 10. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule encoding at least one of the plurality of Cas proteins of claim 1. 11. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of claim 10, encoding: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system CASCADE complex; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system CASCADE complex; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system CASCADE complex; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system CASCADE complex. 12. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of claim 10 or 11, further encoding a Cas3, Cas2- Cas3, and/or gRNA. 13. A recombinant nucleic acid molecule encoding one or more Cas proteins of a Type 1 CRISPR system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins are from: i) a Methylomonas methanica type IF system; ii) a Sphingobium amiense type IC system; iii) an Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system; or iv) a Pragia fontium type IF system. 14. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of claim 13, comprising: i) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the Cas proteins comprise a Methylomonas methanica Cas2-Cas3, Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f; ii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise a Sphingobium amiense Cas3, Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and/or Cas11; iii) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise an Alteromonas mediterranea Cas2-Cas3, Cas5fv, Cas6, and/or Cas7fv; or ^{9582-111817-02} iv) a nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprises a Pragia fontium Cas2-Cas3, Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and/or Cas8f. 15. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of claim 13 or 14, comprising: i) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the Cas proteins comprise the Methylomonas methanica Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f; ii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise the Sphingobium amiense Cas5, Cas7, Cas8c, and Cas11; iii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprise the Alteromonas mediterranea Cas5fv, Cas6, and Cas7fv; or iv) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the one or more Cas proteins comprises the Pragia fontium Cas5f, Cas6, Cas7f, and Cas8f. 16. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 13 to 15, comprising: i) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein: a) the Cas5fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 12; ^{9582-111817-02} c) the Cas7fv comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or d) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 19. 17. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 13 to 16, comprising: i) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 3; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 5; ii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein: a) the Cas5 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 6; b) the Cas7 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 7; c) the Cas8c comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 8; d) the Cas11 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 9; and/or e) the Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 10; iii) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein: a) the Cas5fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 11; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 12; c) the Cas7fv comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 13; and/or d) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 14; or iv) the nucleic acid molecule encoding the one or more Cas proteins from the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein: a) the Cas5f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 15; b) the Cas6 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 16; c) the Cas7f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 17; d) the Cas8f comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 18; and/or ^{9582-111817-02} e) the Cas2-Cas3 comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 19. 18. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 13 to 17, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 20-24, or a degenerate variant thereof; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 25-29, or a degenerate variant thereof; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 30-33, or a degenerate variant thereof; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 34-38, or a degenerate variant thereof. 19. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 13 to 18, comprising: i) the Methylomonas methanica type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 20-23, or degenerate variants thereof; ii) the Sphingobium amiense type IC system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 25-28, or degenerate variants thereof; iii) the Alteromonas mediterranea type IFv system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 30-32, or degenerate variants thereof; or iv) the Pragia fontium type IF system, wherein the nucleic acid molecule comprises each of SEQ ID NOs: 34-37, or degenerate variants thereof. 20. The recombinant nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 10 to 19, wherein the nucleic acid molecule is codon optimized for expression in plants. 21. A vector comprising the recombinant nucleic acid molecule of claim 10. 22. A host cell comprising the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of claims 1 to 9. 23. A method of modifying a target nucleic acid sequence or altering expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell, comprising: introducing the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system of any one of claims 1 to 9 into the cell. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein introducing comprises transforming the cell with one or more nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas system and/or transforming the cell with a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle comprising the class 1 type I CRISPR- Cas system. ^{9582-111817-02} 25. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein modifying the target nucleic acid sequence comprises introducing an insertion, deletion, or substitution. 26. The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein altering expression comprises increasing or decreasing expression of the target nucleic acid. 27. The method of any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the cell is a eukaryotic cell. 28. The method of any one of claims 22 to 27, wherein the cell is a plant cell. 29. The method of any one of claims 22 to 28, wherein the cell is a protoplast. 30. The method of any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein the cell is part of a plant or a plant tissue culture. 31. A plant comprising the cell of claim 22. 32. A plant generated from the cell or tissue culture of any one of claims 28 to 30. 33. Seed of the plant of claim 32.