WO2026000809A1 - 一种钻头及加工设备 - Google Patents

一种钻头及加工设备

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Publication number
WO2026000809A1
WO2026000809A1 PCT/CN2024/135097 CN2024135097W WO2026000809A1 WO 2026000809 A1 WO2026000809 A1 WO 2026000809A1 CN 2024135097 W CN2024135097 W CN 2024135097W WO 2026000809 A1 WO2026000809 A1 WO 2026000809A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting edge
drill
flank face
edge
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/135097
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
颜炳姜
李伟秋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aenoasa Precision Tools Co Ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd
Conprofe Technology Group Co Ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd Guangzhou Branch
Original Assignee
Aenoasa Precision Tools Co Ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd
Conprofe Technology Group Co Ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd Guangzhou Branch
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aenoasa Precision Tools Co Ltd, Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd, Conprofe Technology Group Co Ltd, Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd Guangzhou Branch filed Critical Aenoasa Precision Tools Co Ltd
Publication of WO2026000809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026000809A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/02—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by rotary tools, e.g. drills
    • B28D5/021—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by rotary tools, e.g. drills by drilling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
    • B28D5/0058—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material
    • B28D5/0076—Accessories specially adapted for use with machines for fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material for removing dust, e.g. by spraying liquids; for lubricating, cooling or cleaning tool or work

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, and in particular to a drill bit and machining equipment.
  • This invention provides a drill bit that addresses the technical problem of more severe wear on the cutting edge near the center of the main cutting edge, which affects the service life of the drill bit.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a drill bit comprising: a drill body, a drill tip, and a drill shank;
  • the drill tip is disposed at one end of the drill body; the drill body has a helical groove;
  • the drill tip includes a transverse cutting edge and two centrally symmetrical main cutting edges;
  • the main cutting edge includes a rake face and a flank face; multiple cutting edges are provided between the rake face and the flank face; each cutting edge is a chamfered surface formed by chamfering the intersection line of the rake face and the flank face, and each cutting edge and the flank face have a cutting angle; in the direction from the drill core of the drill tip to the outer surface of the drill body, the cutting angles of the multiple cutting edges increase sequentially;
  • flank face of one of the main cutting edges intersects with the flank face of the other main cutting edge to form the chisel edge; and the flank face is provided with stepped edges along the extension direction of both ends of the chisel edge;
  • the flank face is provided with a plurality of first chip removal grooves that communicate with the helical groove.
  • the flank face includes a first flank face and a second flank face, the second flank face intersects with the first flank face, the first flank face intersects with the rake face, and the cutting edge is located at the intersection of the first flank face and the rake face; the second flank face is located on the side of the first flank face away from the cutting edge; the first chip removal groove is disposed on the second flank face, and the first chip removal groove communicates with the intersection of the first flank face and the second flank face, wherein the first flank face of one of the main cutting edges intersects with the second flank face of the other main cutting edge to form a half-section chisel edge, and the two half-section chisel edges intersect at the center of the drill tip to form a continuous chisel edge.
  • the second flank face is further provided with a plurality of second chip removal grooves, the second chip removal grooves are disposed on the outer peripheral edge of the second flank face away from the transverse cutting edge, and the first chip removal groove is disposed between the second chip removal groove and the transverse cutting edge.
  • the sum of the rake angle and clearance angle of the main cutting edge is The angle between the chamfered surface and the back face is The chamfer angle of the chamfered surface is
  • the angle between each chamfered face of the main cutting edge and the flank face is equal, and the angle between the chamfered face and the flank face ranges from 90° to 150°.
  • n is the number of segments of the cutting edge of the main cutting edge
  • L11 is the straight line length between the drill tip apex and the intersection point of the main cutting edge and the outer edge of the drill tip
  • ⁇ is the drill tip angle
  • the first chip removal groove may be linear, wavy, or arc-shaped.
  • the drill tip is provided with stepped tooth clearance along the extension direction of both ends of the transverse cutting edge; the stepped tooth clearance is recessed toward the length direction of the drill body; the stepped tooth clearance intersects with the first flank face to form the stepped cutting edge.
  • the maximum width of the first flank face is half the core thickness of the drill body
  • n1 (55% ⁇ D1) / (2 ⁇ L9);
  • D1 is the core thickness of the drill body
  • L9 is the width of the stepped cutting edge, and 0.001 ⁇ L9 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the stepped cutting edge extends along the first back face to the outer edge of the drill tip; and the stepped cutting edge has multiple stepped parallel cutting edges; one section of the stepped parallel cutting edge and one section of the cutting edge form a parallel step.
  • the drill body is provided with a helical cutting edge, the helical cutting edge having a circular cutting edge, and a cutting edge is provided on the outer side of the circular cutting edge.
  • a cutting edge groove is provided on the outer side of the circular blade, and the cutting edge groove and the outer side of the spiral blade strip form the blade strip cutting edge.
  • the width of the circular edge of the spiral cutting edge is 0.005 ⁇ L7 ⁇ 0.2; the width of the cutting edge groove is 0.002 ⁇ L6 ⁇ 0.08; and the depth of the cutting edge groove is 0.002 ⁇ L5 ⁇ 0.08.
  • the outer side of the spiral blade is provided with a blade step.
  • the drill shank is connected to the drill body in a direction away from the drill tip; the drill tip is divided into multiple drill tip segments along the direction from the drill tip apex to the drill shank, and the drill tip apex angle of the multiple drill tip segments arranged sequentially along the direction from the drill tip apex to the drill shank gradually decreases.
  • a second aspect of the present invention also provides a processing apparatus, comprising: a power unit, a clamping device, and a drill bit as described above, wherein the clamping device clamps the drill bit, and the power unit drives the drill bit to rotate via the clamping device.
  • the drill bit and processing equipment with the drill bit provided by this invention have the following advantages: the cutting angles of the multiple cutting edges increase sequentially outward from one end of the chisel edge, with the cutting force of the outermost cutting edges being greater and the torque they receive also increasing.
  • the cutting edge near the center receives less torque during cutting than the cutting edge near the outer edge of the main cutting edge. Therefore, by adjusting the cutting angles of the multiple cutting edges, the torque received by the entire drill bit is made more uniform, resulting in more uniform wear of the main cutting edge and improving the service life of the drill bit. Furthermore, due to the stepped cutting edge extending to the chisel edge, the chisel edge...
  • the effective cutting length will be shortened to reduce drilling resistance; the stepped cutting edge is set on the flank face, which increases the cutting edge on the flank face to enhance the cutting ability.
  • the stepped cutting edge can assist the cutting edge of the main cutting edge in cutting, reduce the friction between the individual main cutting edge and the material, reduce the edge wear of the main cutting edge, and improve the tool life.
  • the chips squeezed on the flank face can easily cause the temperature of the drill tip to drop slowly.
  • the chips on the flank face can be discharged through the first chip removal groove to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the drill tip and increase the chip capacity of the drill tip.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the drill bit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a drill tip structure with stepped tooth clearance according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the drill tip diameter D and the drill tip angle ⁇ ;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the core thickness D1 of the drill body, the width L9 of the stepped cutting edge, and the width of the stepped tooth clearance.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the drop H1 of a single step in the stepped tooth gap and the recess depth H2 of the tooth gap;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the drill tip structure in an embodiment of the present invention, showing the stepped cutting edge extending to the outer edge of the drill tip;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the drill body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the spiral blade and blade step structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the drill body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a drill tip with multiple drill tip segments.
  • “several” means one or more, “more than” means two or more, “greater than,” “less than,” and “exceeding” are understood to exclude the stated number, while “above,” “below,” and “within” are understood to include the stated number.
  • “first” and “second” in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.
  • the drill bit of this embodiment of the invention includes: a drill body 100 and a drill tip 200;
  • the drill tip 200 is disposed at one end of the drill body 100; the drill body 100 has a spiral groove 160 that penetrates the drill tip 200;
  • the drill tip 200 includes two main cutting edges 210 and a chisel edge 220; the two main cutting edges 210 are symmetrical about the center of the drill tip 200, and the chisel edge 220 is located between the two main cutting edges 210.
  • the main cutting edge 210 includes a rake face 211 and a flank face 219; multiple cutting edges 214 are provided between the rake face 211 and the flank face 219; each cutting edge 214 is a chamfered surface 218 formed by chamfering the intersection line of the rake face 211 and the flank face 219, and each cutting edge 214 has a cutting angle with the flank face 219; the cutting angles of the multiple cutting edges 214 increase sequentially along the direction from the drill core of the drill tip 200 to the outer side of the drill body 100; the position of the drill core of the drill tip 200 can be referred to the dashed circle at D1 in Figure 7.
  • One of the main cutting edges 210 has a flank face 219 that intersects with the flank face 219 of the other main cutting edge 210, forming a chisel edge 220 at the intersection.
  • the flank face 219 has stepped edges 215 extending along both ends of the chisel edge 220.
  • the flank face 219 has a plurality of first chip removal grooves 216, which connect to the helical groove 160.
  • Multiple cutting edges 214 are formed between the rake face 211 and the flank face 219. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 2, they are divided into sections A, B, and C.
  • the cutting angles of the multiple cutting edges 214 increase sequentially from the drill core of the drill tip 200 towards the outer side of the drill body 100. That is, the cutting angle of section A is the largest.
  • the cutting force of the cutting edges 214 further out is greater, and the torque they receive also increases. Therefore, the torque received by the cutting edges 214 near the center during cutting is less than that received by the cutting edges 214 near the outer side of the main cutting edge 210.
  • the flank face 219 is provided with a stepped cutting edge 215 extending to the chisel edge 220.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 is provided on the flank face 219, which increases the cutting edge on the flank face 219 to enhance cutting ability.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 can assist the cutting edge 214 of the main cutting edge 210 in cutting, reduce the friction between the single main cutting edge 210 and the material, reduce the wear of the cutting edge 214 of the main cutting edge 210, and improve tool life.
  • the drill tip 200 has a self-centering function, which makes it convenient for the drill bit and the workpiece to be aligned.
  • a first chip removal groove 216 is provided on the back face 219 to facilitate chip removal.
  • the chips on the back face 219 can be discharged through the first chip removal groove 216 of the back face 219 to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the drill tip 200 and increase the chip holding capacity of the drill tip 200.
  • the flank face 219 includes a first flank face 212 and a second flank face 213, the second flank face 213 intersects with the first flank face 212, the first flank face 212 intersects with the rake face 211, and the cutting edge 214 is a chamfered surface of the intersection line of the first flank face 212 and the rake face 211; the second flank face 213 is located on the side of the first flank face 212 away from the cutting edge 214; the first chip removal groove 216 is disposed on the second flank face 213, and the first chip removal groove 216 communicates with the intersection of the first flank face 212 and the second flank face 213, wherein the first flank face 212 of one of the main cutting edges 210 intersects with the second flank face 213 of the other main cutting edge 210 to form a half-section chisel edge, and the two half-section chisel edges intersect at the center of the drill tip to form a continuous chisel edge 220.
  • the second flank face 213 By dividing the flank face 219 into a first flank face 212 and a second flank face 213, the second flank face 213 reduces contact with the workpiece, reduces friction and wear, and facilitates the flow of chips from the first flank face 212 through the first chip removal groove 216 into the spiral groove 160, thus facilitating the discharge of chips from the drill tip 200.
  • the second flank face 213 is further provided with a plurality of second chip removal grooves 217.
  • the second chip removal grooves 217 are disposed on the outer peripheral edge of the second flank face 213 away from the chisel edge 220, and the first chip removal groove 216 is disposed between the second chip removal grooves 217 and the chisel edge 220.
  • the heat accumulated at the outer peripheral edge of the corner where the second flank face 213 and the first flank face 212 of the drill tip 200 intersect is the highest.
  • the contact between the second flank face 213 and the chips can be reduced, which is beneficial for chip removal, increases the contact area between the coolant and the drill tip 200, reduces drilling heat, and thus quickly dissipates the heat accumulated at the corner. It also appropriately increases the chip-holding capacity of the drill tip 200.
  • each chamfered surface 218 of the main cutting edge 210 forms a plurality of cutting edges 214; the sum of the rake angle and clearance angle of the main cutting edge is The angle between the chamfered surface 218 and the back face 219 is (In some embodiments, the flank face 219 includes a first flank face 212 and a second flank face 213; here, the first flank face 212 is used as the measurement reference for the flank face 219); the chamfer angle of the chamfered surface 218 is...
  • ⁇ is the rake angle of the cutting edge
  • ⁇ is the clearance angle of the cutting edge
  • the cutting plane is the plane where the cutting edge is perpendicular to the drill tip apex angle.
  • the angle between the chamfered surface and the first flank face is shown in Figure 4.
  • ⁇ 1 is the angle between the chamfered surface of cutting edge segment A and the first flank face
  • ⁇ 2 is the angle between the chamfered surface of cutting edge segment B and the first flank face
  • ⁇ 3 is the angle between the chamfered surface of cutting edge segment C and the first flank face.
  • the cutting edge can have multiple segments
  • ⁇ n represents the angle between the chamfered surfaces of several segments and the first flank face.
  • the chamfering angle is the machining angle of the chamfered surface.
  • the optimal angle between the chamfered face and the first flank face is 120°.
  • the drill bit is made of PCD material and is used to cut hard and brittle materials, which makes the cutting edge subjected to uniform force and wear, thereby improving the tool life.
  • the angle between each of the chamfered surfaces 218 of the main cutting edge 210 and the flank face 219 i.e., the angle described above
  • n is the number of segments of the cutting edge of the main cutting edge 210
  • L11 is the straight line length between the drill tip apex and the intersection point of the main cutting edge 210 and the outer edge
  • ⁇ is the drill tip angle
  • the length of each cutting edge can be calculated using the above formula to better process the drill bit.
  • the first chip removal groove 216 may be straight, wavy, or arc-shaped.
  • the center of the arc is located on the central axis of the drill body 100.
  • the shape of the first chip removal groove 216 may be modified according to specific needs to adapt to different chip removal conditions.
  • the drill tip 200 is provided with stepped tooth clearance 230 along the extending direction of both ends of the chisel edge 220; that is, the stepped tooth clearance 230 is provided at both ends of the chisel edge 220, and the stepped tooth clearance 230 is recessed towards the length direction of the drill body 100; the stepped tooth clearance 230 intersects with the first flank face 212 of one of the main cutting edges 210 to form the stepped cutting edge 215, and the stepped tooth clearance 230 intersects with the second flank face 213 of the other main cutting edge 210, also forming the stepped cutting edge 215.
  • the stepped tooth clearance 230 is directly machined at both ends of the chisel edge 220 to directly shorten the length of the chisel edge 220 and reduce drilling resistance.
  • reducing the chisel edge 220 generally affects the core thickness of the drill body 100, and the core thickness affects the fracture strength of the drill body 100.
  • the structure of the chisel edge 220 is reduced by the stepped tooth clearance 230, which reduces the size of the chisel edge 220, reduces the impact on the fracture strength of the drill bit, and can also achieve the function of chip breaking.
  • the maximum width of the first back face 212 is half the core thickness of the drill body 100.
  • n1 (55% ⁇ D1) / (2 ⁇ L9);
  • D1 is the core thickness of the drill body
  • L9 is the width of the stepped cutting edge, and 0.001 ⁇ L9 ⁇ 0.4.
  • the width of the stepped blade is 0.001 ⁇ L9 ⁇ 0.4; the tooth gap width is 0.005 ⁇ L10 ⁇ 0.26; the drop of a single step is 0.0005 ⁇ H1 ⁇ 0.02; the tooth gap depth is 0.0024 ⁇ H2 ⁇ 0.096; the length units of the above L9, L10, H1, and H2 ranges are all in millimeters.
  • the core thickness and stepped tooth clearance parameters calculated using the above formula can effectively prevent drill bit breakage during machining.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 is symmetrically arranged with the transverse cutting edge 220 as the central axis.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 is recessed along the central axis of the drill body 100 and toward the drill shank 300 to form a stepped tooth gap 230.
  • the stepped tooth gap 230 can be machined to the second flank face 213.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 extends along the first flank face 212 to the outer edge of the drill tip 200 (in some embodiments, the stepped cutting edge 215 may also extend to the intersection of the first flank face 212 and the second flank face 213); and the stepped cutting edge 215 has multiple stepped parallel cutting edges 2151; one section of the stepped parallel cutting edge 2151 and one section of the cutting edge 214 form a parallel step. That is, the stepped cutting edge 215 formed on the first flank face 212 is parallel to the multiple cutting edges 214 of the main cutting edge 210, which makes the cutting effect better and the torque on the drill bit more uniform.
  • Each stepped parallel cutting edge 2151 and its corresponding cutting edge 214 form a parallel step, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the main cutting edge 210 has three cutting edges 214 with different angles, so the stepped cutting edge 215 also has three stepped parallel cutting edges 2151 with different angles.
  • the stepped parallel cutting edge 2151 closest to the transverse cutting edge 220 is parallel to the cutting edge 214 of the main cutting edge 210 closest to the transverse cutting edge 220, and the stepped parallel cutting edge 2151 closest to the outer edge of the drill tip 200 is parallel to the cutting edge 214 of the main cutting edge 210 closest to the outer edge of the drill tip 200.
  • the drill body 100 is provided with a helical cutting edge 110, and a cutting edge 130 is provided on the outer side of the helical cutting edge 110.
  • a helical groove 160 is formed on the outer side of the helical cutting edge 110, and a secondary cutting edge is provided on the circular edge 120 of the helical cutting edge 110.
  • the cutting edge 130 is provided behind the secondary cutting edge, which increases the number of cutting edges while ensuring the strength requirements of the cutting edge, making the cutting edge less prone to breakage.
  • a cutting edge groove 140 is provided on the outer side of the circular cutting edge 120 of the spiral cutting edge 110, and the cutting edge groove 140 and the outer surface of the spiral cutting edge 110 form a cutting edge 130.
  • the cutting edge groove 140 is a spiral groove, which can reduce the width of the cutting edge, thereby reducing the contact area between the drill body 100 and the drill hole sidewall, reducing the probability of drill body breakage due to chip jamming between the cutting edge and the drill hole sidewall, reducing drilling resistance, reducing the torque on the drill bit, and improving the service life of the drill bit.
  • the width of the circular blade 120 of the spiral blade 110 is 0.005 ⁇ L7 ⁇ 0.2; the width of the cutting edge groove 140 is 0.002 ⁇ L6 ⁇ 0.08; and the depth of the cutting edge groove 140 is 0.002 ⁇ L5 ⁇ 0.08.
  • a step 150 is provided on the outer side of the spiral cutting edge 110.
  • the step 150 can reduce the width of the spiral cutting edge 110, reduce the contact area between the borehole wall and the spiral cutting edge 110, and reduce the probability of drill body breakage caused by the cutting edge getting stuck in the borehole sidewall.
  • the invention further includes: a drill shank 300; the drill shank 300 is connected to the drill body 100 in a direction away from the drill tip 200; the drill tip 200 is sequentially divided into multiple drill tip segments 240 along the direction from the apex of the drill tip 200 to the drill shank 300, and the drill tip apex angles of the multiple drill tip segments 240 arranged sequentially along the direction from the apex of the drill tip to the drill shank 300 gradually decrease, as shown in FIG13.
  • the smaller the drill tip apex angle the less wear on the drill tip.
  • the wear of the drill bit can be reduced and the service life of the drill bit can be improved.
  • there are 3 drill tip segments, and the corresponding drill tip apex angles are 130°, 90°, and 60°.
  • This invention also provides a processing device, which includes a power unit, a clamping device, and a drill bit as described above.
  • the clamping device holds the drill bit, and the power unit drives the drill bit to rotate through the clamping device. That is, the power unit can use the drill bit to drill holes.
  • the power unit can be a motor, electric motor, etc.
  • the clamping device can be a jaw, a three-jaw chuck, etc.
  • the drill bit and processing equipment of this embodiment have at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the cutting angles of the multiple cutting edges 214 increase sequentially outward from one end of the transverse cutting edge 220. That is, the cutting force of the cutting edge 214 further out is greater, and the torque it receives will also increase. Therefore, the torque received by the cutting edge 214 near the center during cutting is less than the torque received by the cutting edge 214 near the outer side of the main cutting edge 210.
  • the torque received by the entire drill bit can be made more uniform, the wear of the main cutting edge 210 can be made more uniform, and the service life of the drill bit can be improved.
  • the flank face 219 is provided with a stepped cutting edge 215 extending to the chisel edge 220.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 is provided on the flank face 219, which increases the cutting edge on the flank face 219 to enhance the cutting ability.
  • the stepped cutting edge 215 can assist the cutting edge 214 of the main cutting edge 210 in cutting, reduce the friction between the single main cutting edge 210 and the material, reduce the wear of the cutting edge 214 of the main cutting edge 210, and improve the tool life.
  • the drill tip 200 has a self-centering function, which makes it convenient for the drill bit and the workpiece to be aligned.
  • the chips squeezed on the back face 219 can easily cause the temperature of the drill tip 200 to drop slowly.
  • the chips on the back face 219 can be discharged through the first chip groove 216 of the back face 219 to improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the drill tip 200 and increase the chip capacity of the drill tip 200.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了钻头及加工设备。其中，钻头包括钻体、钻尖、钻柄；钻尖包括两个主切削刃和横刃；主切削刃包括前刀面、后刀面；前刀面与后刀面之间设置有多段刃口；刃口为对前刀面与后刀面的交线倒棱所形成的倒棱面，多段所述刃口与所述后刀面具有切削角；沿钻尖的钻芯向钻体外侧面的方向，多段所述刃口的所述切削角依次增加；后刀面设置有阶梯刃，后刀面设置有多个第一排屑槽，第一排屑槽连通钻体的螺旋槽。多段刃口的切削角度往外依次递增。

Description

一种钻头及加工设备 技术领域
本发明涉及精密加工技术领域，特别是涉及一种钻头及加工设备。
背景技术
随着半导体行业的飞速发展，在半导体相关产业中通常需要使用PCD微型钻头加工精密小孔,并且对小孔加工质量有着较高要求,传统硬质合金微型钻头无法满足其使用要求，而现有钻头在切削时，刃口从中间向外其所受到的扭力逐渐减小，而主切削刃刃口同一角度设置，导致主切削刃外侧的刃口与靠近中心的刃口的扭力不相同，主切削刃靠近中心的刃口磨损更严重，影响钻头的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明提供一种钻头，以解决主切削刃靠近中心的刃口磨损更严重，影响钻头的使用寿命的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明第一方面提供了一种钻头，其包括：钻体、钻尖、钻柄；
所述钻尖设置在所述钻体的一端；所述钻体具有螺旋槽；
所述钻尖包括横刃和中心对称的两个主切削刃；
所述主切削刃包括前刀面、后刀面；所述前刀面与所述后刀面之间设有多段刃口；所述刃口为对所述前刀面与所述后刀面的交线倒棱所形成的倒棱面，每一段所述刃口与所述后刀面均具有切削角；在沿所述钻尖的钻芯向钻体外侧面的方向，多段所述刃口的所述切削角依次增加；
其中一个所述主切削刃的所述后刀面与另一个所述主切削刃的所述后刀面相交，形成所述横刃；且所述后刀面沿所述横刃两端的延伸方向设有阶梯刃；
在一些实施例中，所述后刀面设置有多个连通所述螺旋槽的第一排屑槽。
在一些实施例中，所述后刀面包括第一后刀面和第二后刀面，所述第二后刀面与第一后刀面相交，所述第一后刀面与所述前刀面相交，且所述刃口位于所述第一后刀面与所述前刀面的交线处；所述第二后刀面位于所述第一后刀面远离所述刃口的一侧；所述第一排屑槽设置在所述第二后刀面上，且所述第一排屑槽连通至所述第一后刀面和所述第二后刀面的相交处，其中一个所述主切削刃的所述第一后刀面与另一个所述主切削刃的所述第二后刀面相交，形成半段横刃，两个所述半段横刃在所述钻尖中心相交形成连续的所述横刃。
在一些实施例中，所述第二后刀面还设置有多个第二排屑槽，所述第二排屑槽设置在所述第二后刀面远离所述横刃的外周边缘，所述第一排屑槽设置在所述第二排屑槽与所述横刃之间。
在一些实施例中，所述主切削刃的前角和后角的和为所述倒棱面与所述后刀面的夹角为所述倒棱面的倒棱角度为
其中，
在一些实施例中，所述主切削刃的每个所述倒棱面与所述后刀面的夹角均相等，且所述倒棱面与所述后刀面的夹角的大小范围为90°-150°；
每段所述刃口的长度L为：L＝(38％×D)/n；
所述钻尖的直径D为：D＝2×L11×sin(θ/2)；
其中，n为一个所述主切削刃的刃口的段数，L11为钻尖顶点与所述主切削刃和钻尖的外缘相交点之间的直线长度；θ为钻尖角度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一排屑槽的形状可为直线型、波浪型或圆弧型。
在一些实施例中，所述钻尖沿所述横刃两端的延伸方向设置有阶梯齿隙；所述阶梯齿隙朝向所述钻体的长度方向凹陷；所述阶梯齿隙与所述第一后刀面相交形成所述阶梯刃。
在一些实施例中，所述第一后刀面的最大宽度为所述钻体的芯厚的二分之一；
所述阶梯齿隙的阶梯数量为n1＝(55％×D1)/(2×L9)；
其中D1为所述钻体的芯厚，所述L9为所述阶梯刃的宽度，0.001≤L9≤0.4。
在一些实施例中，所述阶梯刃沿所述第一后刀面延伸至所述钻尖的外缘；且所述阶梯刃具有多段阶梯平行刃；一段所述阶梯平行刃与一段所述刃口形成平行阶梯。
在一些实施例中，所述钻体设置有螺旋刃带，所述螺旋刃带具有圆刃，所述圆刃外侧设置有刃带切削刃。
在一些实施例中，所述圆刃外侧设置有切削刃凹槽，所述切削刃凹槽与所述螺旋刃带的外侧面形成所述刃带切削刃。
在一些实施例中，所述螺旋刃带的圆刃的宽度为0.005≤L7≤0.2；所述切削刃凹槽的宽度为0.002≤L6≤0.08，所述切削刃凹槽的深度为0.002≤L5≤0.08；
其中，L6＝40％×L7。
在一些实施例中，所述螺旋刃带的外侧设置有刃带阶梯。
在一些实施例中，所述钻柄与所述钻体远离所述钻尖的方向连接；所述钻尖沿所述钻尖顶点至所述钻柄的方向依次分为多段钻尖段，且沿所述钻尖顶点至所述钻柄的方向依次排布的多段钻尖段的钻尖顶角逐渐缩小。
本发明第二方面还提供一种加工设备，其包括：动力装置、夹持装置以及如上述的钻头，所述夹持装置夹持所述钻头，所述动力装置通过所述夹持装置驱动所述钻头转动。
本发明提供的钻头与具有该钻头的加工设备，其有益效果为：多个所述刃口的切削角度沿所述横刃的一端往外依次递增，越往外的刃口的切削力度更大，所受到的扭力也会增加，靠近中心的刃口在切削时受到的扭力小于靠近主切削刃外侧的刃口所受到的扭力，则通过调节多段刃口的切削角度，以让整个钻头所受到的扭力更加均匀，使主切削刃的磨损更加均匀，提高钻头使用寿命；由于设置延伸至所述横刃的阶梯刃，则横刃的有效切削长度将会被缩短，以减小钻削阻力；阶梯刃设置在后刀面上，则在后刀面增加了切削刃，以增强切削能力，让阶梯刃可以辅助主切削刃的刃口进行切削，降低单个主切削刃与材料的摩擦，降低了主切削刃的刃口磨损，提高了刀具寿命，其次，在钻削过程中，由于钻尖的温度最高，碎屑挤压在后刀面容易导致钻尖的温度降低缓慢，后刀面的碎屑可通过第一排屑槽排出，以提高钻尖的散热效率并增加钻尖的容屑能力。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的钻头的结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的具有阶梯齿隙的钻尖结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例的主切削刃的前角和后角的标识示意图；
图4是图2中A段、B段、C段的倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角示意图；
图5是图2中的刃口的长度示意图；
图6是钻尖的直径D、θ为钻尖角度的示意图；
图7是钻体的芯厚D1、阶梯刃的宽度L9、阶梯齿隙的宽度的示意图；
图8是阶梯齿隙的单个台阶的落差H1、齿隙的凹陷深度H2的示意图；
图9是本发明实施例的阶梯刃延伸至钻尖外缘的钻尖结构示意图；
图10是本发明实施例的钻体结构示意图；
图11是本发明实施例的螺旋刃带和刃带阶梯的结构示意图；
图12是本发明实施例的钻体截面结构示意图；
图13是钻尖具有多个钻尖段的结构示意图。
图中，100、钻体；110、螺旋刃带；120、圆刃；130、刃带切削刃；140、切削刃凹槽；150、刃带阶梯；160、螺旋槽；200、钻尖；210、主切削刃；211、前刀面；212、第一后刀面；213、第二后刀面；214、刃口；215、阶梯刃；2151、阶梯平行刃；216、第一排屑槽；217、第二排屑槽；218、倒棱面；219、后刀面；220、横刃；230、阶梯齿隙；240、钻尖段；300、钻柄。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
请一并参阅图1至图13，现对本发明一些实施例提供的钻头进行说明。
如图1至图2所示，本发明实施例的钻头包括：钻体100、钻尖200；
所述钻尖200设置在所述钻体100的一端；所述钻体100具有贯穿钻尖200的螺旋槽160；
所述钻尖200包括两个主切削刃210和横刃220；两个主切削刃210关于钻尖200的中心对称，所述横刃220位于两个所述主切削刃210之间；
所述主切削刃210包括前刀面211、后刀面219；所述前刀面211与所述后刀面219之间设置有多段刃口214；所述刃口214为对所述前刀面211与所述后刀面219的交线进行倒棱加工所形成的倒棱面218，单段所述刃口214与所述后刀面219具有一个切削角；在沿所述钻尖200的钻芯向钻体100外侧面的方向，多段所述刃口214的所述切削角依次增加；钻尖200的钻芯的位置可参考图7的D1处的虚线圆圈。
其中一个所述主切削刃210的所述后刀面219与另一个所述主切削刃210的所述后刀面219相交，相交的位置形成所述横刃220；且所述后刀面219沿所述横刃220两端的延伸方向设有阶梯刃215。所述后刀面219设置有多个第一排屑槽216，所述第一排屑槽216连通所述螺旋槽160。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，主切削刃210为两个，两个主切削刃210、横刃220以钻体100的中心轴中心对称设置；其中一个主切削刃210的后刀面219与另一个主切削刃210的后刀面219相交，以形成横刃220。
前刀面211和后刀面219之间开设多段刃口214，在一些实施例中，如图2所示，分为A段、B段、C段；且多个所述刃口214的切削角度沿所述钻尖200的钻芯向钻体100外侧面的方向依次递增，即A段的切削角度最大，即越往外的刃口214的切削力度更大，所受到的扭力也会增加，因此，靠近中心的刃口214在切削时受到的扭力小于靠近主切削刃210外侧的刃口214所受到的扭力，则通过调节多段刃口214的切削角度，以让整个钻头所受到的扭力更加均匀，使主切削刃210的磨损更加均匀，提高钻头使用寿命。
并且，后刀面219设置有延伸至所述横刃220的阶梯刃215，在同一尺寸的钻尖200上，由于设置延伸至所述横刃220的阶梯刃215，则横刃220的有效切削长度将会被缩短，以减小钻削阻力；阶梯刃215设置在后刀面219上，则在后刀面219增加了切削刃，以增强切削能力，让阶梯刃215可以辅助主切削刃210的刃口214进行切削，降低单个主切削刃210与材料的摩擦，降低了主切削刃210的刃口214磨损，提高了刀具寿命，同时让钻尖200自带定芯功能，方便钻头与工件对准中心。
由于增加了阶梯刃215，为了方便排屑，后刀面219设置有连通螺旋槽160的第一排屑槽216；在钻削过程中，由于钻尖200的温度最高，若碎屑挤压在后刀面219上，容易导致钻尖200的温度降低缓慢，因此，后刀面219的碎屑可通过后刀面219的第一排屑槽216排出，以提高钻尖200的散热效率并增加钻尖200的容屑能力。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述后刀面219包括第一后刀面212和第二后刀面213，所述第二后刀面213与第一后刀面212相交，所述第一后刀面212与所述前刀面211相交，且所述刃口214为所述第一后刀面212与所述前刀面211的交线的倒棱面；所述第二后刀面213位于所述第一后刀面212远离所述刃口214的一侧；所述第一排屑槽216设置在所述第二后刀面213上，且所述第一排屑槽216连通至所述第一后刀面212和所述第二后刀面213的相交处，其中一个所述主切削刃210的所述第一后刀面212与另一个所述主切削刃210的所述第二后刀面213相交，形成半段横刃，两个所述半段横刃在所述钻尖中心相交形成连续的所述横刃220。通过将后刀面219分为第一后刀面212和第二后刀面213，以使第二后刀面213减少与工件的接触，减少摩擦，减少磨损，而且方便第一后刀面212的碎屑通过第一排屑槽216引流至螺旋槽160中，方便排出钻尖200处的碎屑。
在本发明的一些实施例中，参照图2，所述第二后刀面213还设置有多个第二排屑槽217，所述第二排屑槽217设置在所述第二后刀面213远离所述横刃220的外周边缘，所述第一排屑槽216设置在所述第二排屑槽217与所述横刃220之间。在钻削过程中，钻尖200的第二后刀面213和第一后刀面212相交的转角处的外周边缘所聚集的热量最高，通过在第二后刀面213的外侧边缘设置第二排屑槽217，可以减少第二后刀面213与废屑的接触，有利于排屑，增大冷却液与钻尖200的接触面积，减少钻削热，进而快速排出转角处聚集的热量，同样适当增加了钻尖200的容屑能力。
在本发明的一些实施例中，参照图2至图4，所述主切削刃210的每个所述倒棱面218形成多个所述刃口214；所述主切削刃的前角和后角的和为所述倒棱面218与所述后刀面219的夹角为(在一些实施例中，后刀面219包括第一后刀面212和第二后刀面213，此处以第一后刀面212作为后刀面219的测量基准)；所述倒棱面218的倒棱角度为
其中，
如图3所示，α为刃口的前角，β为刃口的后角，剖切面为刃口垂直于钻尖顶角所在的面。
倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角如图4所示，α1为A段刃口的倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角，α2为B段刃口的倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角，α3为C段口的倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角。其中刃口可为多段，αn为若干段刃口的倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角。所述倒棱面的倒棱角度为倒棱面的加工角度。
在一些实施例中，倒棱面与第一后刀面的夹角的最优值为120°，在该最优值下，钻头采用PCD材料，并且用于切割硬脆材料，使得刃口受力均匀，磨损均匀，提高了刀具的寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述主切削刃210的每个所述倒棱面218与所述后刀面219的夹角(即上述)均相等(在一些实施例中，参照图4、图5，α1＝α2＝α3＝αn)；且所述倒棱面218与所述后刀面219的夹角的大小范围为90°-150°；
每段所述刃口的长度L为：L＝(38％×D)/n；
所述钻尖的直径D为：D＝2×L11×sin(θ/2)；
其中，如图5、图6所示，n为一个所述主切削刃210的刃口的段数，L11为钻尖顶点与所述主切削刃210和外缘相交点之间的直线长度；θ为钻尖角度。
通过上述公式，算出各个刃口的长度，以更好地对钻头进行加工。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述第一排屑槽216的形状可为直线型、波浪型或圆弧型。当第一排屑槽216为圆弧形时，圆弧形的圆弧中心位于钻体100的中心轴上。第一排屑槽216的形状可根据具体的需求进行修改，以适配不同的排屑情况。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图2所示，所述钻尖200沿所述横刃220两端的延伸方向设置有阶梯齿隙230；即所述阶梯齿隙230设置在所述横刃220的两端，所述阶梯齿隙230朝向所述钻体100的长度方向凹陷；所述阶梯齿隙230与其中一个主切削刃210的所述第一后刀面212相交形成所述阶梯刃215，阶梯齿隙230与另一个主切削刃210的第二后刀面213相交，也形成阶梯刃215。则在横刃220的两端直接加工阶梯齿隙230，以直接缩短横刃220的长度，以减小钻削阻力。但是横刃220的减小一般会影响钻体100的芯厚，而芯厚又影响着钻体100断裂强度，为减小横刃220同时降低减小芯厚对钻体100断裂强度的影响，通过阶梯齿隙230减小横刃220结构，减小了横刃220尺寸，同时降低了对钻头断裂强度的影响，并同时能够实现断屑的作用。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图7、图8所示，所述第一后刀面212的最大宽度为所述钻体100的芯厚的二分之一；
所述阶梯齿隙230的阶梯数量为n1＝(55％×D1)/(2×L9)；
其中D1为所述钻体的芯厚，所述L9为所述阶梯刃的宽度，0.001≤L9≤0.4。
如图7、图8所示，在一些实施例中，阶梯刃的宽度为0.001≤L9≤0.4；齿隙宽度0.005≤L10≤0.26；单个台阶的落差0.0005≤H1≤0.02；齿隙的凹陷深度0.0024≤H2≤0.096；上述L9、L10、H1、H2范围的长度单位均为毫米。
在一些实施例中，齿隙的宽度与芯厚之间的关系L10＝43％×D1；
在一些实施例中，凹陷深度与芯厚之间的关系H2＝16％×D1。
通过上述公式算出来的芯厚和阶梯齿隙的参数，可以有效地防止钻头在加工时断裂。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，阶梯刃215以横刃220为中心轴对称设置，阶梯刃215沿钻体100的中心轴方向且朝钻柄300方向凹陷，以形成阶梯齿隙230，阶梯齿隙230可加工至第二后刀面213处。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图9所示，所述阶梯刃215沿所述第一后刀面212延伸至所述钻尖200的外缘(在一些实施方式中，阶梯刃215也可以延伸至第一后刀面212与第二后刀面213的交线处)；且所述阶梯刃215具有多段阶梯平行刃2151；一段所述阶梯平行刃2151与一段所述刃口214形成平行阶梯。即在第一后刀面212成型的阶梯刃215与主切削刃210的多段刃口214平行，使切削效果更好，钻头受到的扭力更加均匀。每段阶梯平行刃2151与其对应的刃口214形成平行阶梯，如图9所示，主切削刃210具有三段角度不同的刃口214，则阶梯刃215也具有三段角度不同的阶梯平行刃2151，最靠近横刃220的阶梯平行刃2151与最靠近横刃220的主切削刃210的刃口214平行，最靠近钻尖200外缘的阶梯平行刃2151与最靠近钻尖200外缘的主切削刃210的刃口214平行。
在本发明的一些实施例中，参照图10至图12，所述钻体100设置有螺旋刃带110，所述螺旋刃带110的外侧设置有刃带切削刃130。在一些实施例中，所述螺旋刃带110外侧开设有螺旋槽160，螺旋刃带110的圆刃120上具有副切削刃，螺旋刃带110在副切削刃的后方设置有刃带切削刃130，增加了切削刃数量，同时保证刃带的强度要求，使得刃带不容易发生崩损。
在本发明的一些实施例中，参照图10至图12，所述螺旋刃带110的圆刃120外侧设置有切削刃凹槽140，所述切削刃凹槽140与所述螺旋刃带110的外侧面形成刃带切削刃130。在一些实施例中，切削刃凹槽140为螺旋凹槽，可以减小刃带宽度，以减小钻体100与钻孔侧壁的接触面积，降低因刃带与钻孔侧壁尖卡屑导致钻体断裂的情况发生的几率，减小钻削阻力，减小钻头所受的扭力，可提高钻头的使用寿命。
在本发明的一些实施例中，如图12所示，所述螺旋刃带110的圆刃120的宽度为0.005≤L7≤0.2；所述切削刃凹槽140的宽度为0.002≤L6≤0.08，所述切削刃凹槽140的深度为0.002≤L5≤0.08；
其中，L6＝40％×L7。
在本发明的一些实施例中，所述螺旋刃带110的外侧设置有刃带阶梯150。刃带阶梯150可以减小螺旋刃带110的刃带宽度，减小孔壁与螺旋刃带110的接触面积，降低因刃带与钻孔侧壁尖卡屑导致钻体断裂的情况发生的几率。
在本发明的一些实施例中，其中，刃带阶梯可为多个，在一些实施例中，如图10所示，螺旋刃带的刃长0.05≤L8≤20，刃带阶梯的位置无限制，阶梯数量n2≥2，各段阶梯刃长长度为Lr＝L8/n2。
在本发明的一些实施例中，还包括：钻柄300；所述钻柄300与所述钻体100远离所述钻尖200的方向连接；所述钻尖200沿所述钻尖200顶点至所述钻柄300的方向依次分为多段钻尖段240，且沿所述钻尖顶点至所述钻柄300的方向依次排布的多段钻尖段240的钻尖顶角逐渐缩小，如图13所示，钻尖顶角越小，钻尖的磨损就越小，通过在钻尖200处分别加工具有不同的钻尖顶角的钻尖段240，可以减小钻头的磨损，提高钻头的使用寿命。在一些实施例中，如图13所示，钻尖段为3段，对应的钻尖顶角为130°、90°、60°。
本发明实施例还提供一种加工设备，加工设备包括动力装置、夹持装置以及如上述的钻头，所述夹持装置夹持所述钻头，所述动力装置通过所述夹持装置驱动所述钻头转动。即动力装置可利用钻头进行钻孔。在一些实施例中，动力装置可以为电机、马达等。在一些实施例中，夹持装置可以为夹爪、三爪卡盘等。
综上，本实施例的钻头和加工设备，至少有以下有益效果：
(1)多个所述刃口214的切削角度沿所述横刃220的一端往外依次递增，即越往外的刃口214的切削力度更大，所受到的扭力也会增加，因此，靠近中心的刃口214在切削时受到的扭力小于靠近主切削刃210外侧的刃口214所受到的扭力，则通过调节多段刃口214的切削角度，以让整个钻头所受到的扭力更加均匀，使主切削刃210的磨损更加均匀，提高钻头使用寿命。
(2)后刀面219设置有延伸至所述横刃220的阶梯刃215，在同一尺寸的钻尖200上，由于设置延伸至所述横刃220的阶梯刃215，则横刃220的有效切削长度将会被缩短，以减小钻削阻力；阶梯刃215设置在后刀面219上，则在后刀面219增加了切削刃，以增强切削能力，让阶梯刃215可以辅助主切削刃210的刃口214进行切削，降低单个主切削刃210与材料的摩擦，降低了主切削刃210的刃口214磨损，提高了刀具寿命，同时让钻尖200自带定芯功能，方便钻头与工件对准中心。
(3)在钻削过程中，由于钻尖200的温度最高，碎屑挤压在后刀面219容易导致钻尖200的温度降低缓慢，后刀面219的碎屑可通过后刀面219的第一排屑槽216排出，以提高钻尖200的散热效率并增加钻尖200的容屑能力。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种钻头，其特征在于，包括：钻体、钻尖；
    所述钻尖设置在所述钻体的一端；所述钻体具有贯穿钻尖的螺旋槽；
    所述钻尖包括横刃和中心对称的两个主切削刃；
    所述主切削刃包括前刀面、后刀面；所述前刀面与所述后刀面之间设有多段刃口；所述刃口为对所述前刀面与所述后刀面的交线倒棱所形成的倒棱面，每一段所述刃口与所述后刀面均具有切削角；在沿所述钻尖的钻芯向钻体外侧面的方向，多段所述刃口的所述切削角依次增加；
    其中一个所述主切削刃的所述后刀面与另一个所述主切削刃的所述后刀面相交，形成所述横刃；且所述后刀面沿所述横刃两端的延伸方向设有阶梯刃；
    所述后刀面设置有多个连通所述螺旋槽的第一排屑槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述后刀面包括第一后刀面和第二后刀面，所述第二后刀面与第一后刀面相交，所述第一后刀面与所述前刀面之间设有多段所述刃口；所述第二后刀面位于所述第一后刀面远离所述刃口的一侧；所述第一排屑槽设置在所述第二后刀面上，且所述第一排屑槽连通至所述第一后刀面和所述第二后刀面的相交处，其中一个所述主切削刃的所述第一后刀面与另一个所述主切削刃的所述第二后刀面相交，形成半段横刃，两个所述半段横刃在所述钻尖中心相交形成连续的所述横刃。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述第二后刀面还设置有多个第二排屑槽，所述第二排屑槽设置在所述第二后刀面远离所述横刃的外周边缘，所述第一排屑槽设置在所述第二排屑槽与所述横刃之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述主切削刃的前角和后角的和为所述倒棱面与所述后刀面的夹角为所述倒棱面的倒棱角度为
    其中，
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述主切削刃的每个所述倒棱面与所述后刀面的夹角均相等，且所述倒棱面与所述后刀面的夹角的大小范围为90°-150°；
    每段所述刃口的长度L为：L＝(38％×D)/n；
    所述钻尖的直径D为：D＝2×L11×sin(θ/2)；
    其中，n为一个所述主切削刃的刃口的段数，L11为钻尖顶点与所述主切削刃和钻尖的外缘相交点之间的直线长度；θ为钻尖角度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述第一排屑槽的形状可为直线型、波浪型或圆弧型。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述钻尖沿所述横刃两端的延伸方向设置有阶梯齿隙；所述阶梯齿隙朝向所述钻体的长度方向凹陷；所述阶梯齿隙与所述第一后刀面相交形成所述阶梯刃。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述第一后刀面的最大宽度为所述钻体的芯厚的二分之一；
    所述阶梯齿隙的阶梯数量为n1＝(55％×D1)/(2×L9)；
    其中D1为所述钻体的芯厚，所述L9为所述阶梯刃的宽度，0.001≤L9≤0.4。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述阶梯刃沿所述第一后刀面延伸至所述钻尖的外缘；且所述阶梯刃具有多条阶梯平行刃；一段所述阶梯平行刃与一段所述刃口形成平行阶梯。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述钻体设置有螺旋刃带，所述螺旋刃带具有圆刃，所述圆刃外侧设置有刃带切削刃。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述圆刃外侧设置有切削刃凹槽，所述切削刃凹槽与所述螺旋刃带的外侧面形成所述刃带切削刃。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述螺旋刃带的圆刃的宽度为0.005≤L7≤0.2；所述切削刃凹槽的宽度为0.002≤L6≤0.08，所述切削刃凹槽的深度为0.002≤L5≤0.08；
    其中，L6＝40％×L7。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的钻头，其特征在于，所述螺旋刃带的外侧设置有刃带阶梯。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的钻头，其特征在于，还包括：钻柄；所述钻柄与所述钻体远离所述钻尖的方向连接；所述钻尖沿所述钻尖顶点至所述钻柄的方向依次分为多段钻尖段，且沿所述钻尖顶点至所述钻柄的方向依次排布的多段钻尖段的钻尖顶角逐渐缩小。
  15. 一种加工设备，其特征在于，包括：动力装置、夹持装置以及如权利要求1-14任一项所述的钻头，所述夹持装置夹持所述钻头，所述动力装置通过所述夹持装置驱动所述钻头转动。
PCT/CN2024/135097 2024-06-28 2024-11-28 一种钻头及加工设备 Pending WO2026000809A1 (zh)

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CN106001708A (zh) * 2016-07-28 2016-10-12 山东大学 一种具有阶梯刃型的断屑钻头
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