WO2025246830A1 - 调磁组件、电机及车辆 - Google Patents

调磁组件、电机及车辆

Info

Publication number
WO2025246830A1
WO2025246830A1 PCT/CN2025/093230 CN2025093230W WO2025246830A1 WO 2025246830 A1 WO2025246830 A1 WO 2025246830A1 CN 2025093230 W CN2025093230 W CN 2025093230W WO 2025246830 A1 WO2025246830 A1 WO 2025246830A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic
rotor
motor
adjustment
slip ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/093230
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李健
唐立中
杨宁宁
胡强
廖克亮
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BYD Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BYD Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025246830A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025246830A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/34—Reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of motor technology, and more specifically, to a magnetizing assembly, a motor, and a vehicle.
  • Electric motors such as electrically excited synchronous motors and permanent magnet synchronous motors, each have their own advantages, but they also have obvious performance shortcomings. Electrically excited synchronous motors have low efficiency at low speeds and light loads, while permanent magnet synchronous motors have torque and efficiency limitations at high speeds.
  • the air gap magnetic field is adjusted by axially moving the rotor out of the stator or by moving the stator to reduce the overlap between the rotor and the stator core, thereby decreasing the magnetic flux and combining the advantages of permanent magnet motors and electrically excited motors.
  • a large axial force needs to be overcome, a large moving actuator is required, and a significant amount of energy is consumed.
  • This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a magnetic flux adjustment component, which adjusts the magnetic flux through the rotor, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, and while ensuring high torque density and power density, it effectively widens the constant power operation range and the high efficiency range.
  • This application also proposes an electric motor, wherein the vehicle includes the aforementioned magnetizing assembly.
  • This application also proposes a vehicle that includes the aforementioned motor.
  • the magnetic adjustment assembly includes: a magnetic conductor adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor along its axial direction to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor; and an actuating component connected to the magnetic conductor for adjusting the position of the magnetic conductor relative to the rotor.
  • the magnetic guide element is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor axial direction to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor.
  • the magnetic guide element is connected to the actuating component to adjust the position of the magnetic guide element relative to the rotor, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide element and the rotor, thereby realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, so that the motor using the magnetic adjustment component can have the advantages of both constant torque region and constant power region, and effectively expand the constant power operation region and high efficiency region while ensuring high torque density and power density.
  • the magnetic conductor is movable along the axial direction of the rotor.
  • the magnetic conductor may be moved circumferentially along the rotor; and/or the magnetic conductor may be moved radially along the rotor.
  • a first housing is further included, the first housing being open to one side facing the rotor, and the magnetic conductor and the actuating component are both located within the first housing.
  • the first housing is provided with a movable cavity
  • the actuating component includes: a magnetic adjustment slip ring, which is adapted to move along the axial direction of the rotor under the push of the medium in the movable cavity, and the magnetic conductor is connected to one end of the magnetic adjustment slip ring facing the rotor.
  • the first housing is provided with an oil port, which is located on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring away from the rotor body, and the oil port is in communication with the moving cavity.
  • the actuating component further includes an elastic element connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring, which is used to drive the magnetic adjustment slip ring to move in an axial direction away from the rotor.
  • the elastic element is located within the moving cavity and on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring away from the rotor, with both ends of the elastic element connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring and the surface of the moving cavity away from the rotor, respectively; or, the elastic element is located on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring facing the rotor, with both ends of the elastic element connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring and the surface of the first housing near the rotor, respectively.
  • the first housing is provided with a limiting member, and the two ends of the elastic member are respectively connected to the magnetic slip ring and the limiting member.
  • the magnetic adjustment slip ring has a groove on the side facing the rotor, and the magnetic conductor is disposed in the groove.
  • a sealing ring is provided between the peripheral wall of the magnetic adjustment slip ring and the peripheral wall of the moving cavity.
  • the magnetic adjustment assembly further includes a displacement sensor for detecting the axial distance between the magnetic conductor and the rotor.
  • the magnetic conductor is formed by winding a magnetic sheet around the axis of the rotor.
  • the motor includes: a rotor; and the above-described magnetizing assembly.
  • a motor is provided with a magnetic adjustment component.
  • the magnetic guide is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor's axial direction to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor.
  • the motor is connected to the magnetic guide through an actuating component to adjust the position of the magnetic guide relative to the rotor, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide and the rotor, and thus realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, so as to realize the advantages of the motor in both constant torque region and constant power region, and effectively expand the constant power operation region and high efficiency region while ensuring high torque density and power density.
  • the rotor includes a rotor body and a magnetic conductive part, wherein the magnetic conductive part is disposed within the rotor body.
  • the rotor body includes: a rotor core, the rotor core having a plurality of first magnetic grooves and a plurality of magnetic steel grooves extending along the axial direction; the magnetic part is disposed in the first magnetic groove, and the permanent magnet of the rotor is disposed in the magnetic steel groove.
  • the rotor body further includes: a magnetic shielding plate, the magnetic shielding plate is provided at the axial end of the rotor core, the magnetic shielding plate has a second magnetic guide groove that extends through in the axial direction, and the magnetic guide part is disposed in the first magnetic guide groove and the second magnetic guide groove.
  • the magnetic conductive part and the rotor core are an integral piece.
  • the rotor core is a skewed rotor.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the rotor core is provided with an auxiliary groove extending along the axial direction.
  • each magnetic conductive part includes a plurality of sub-magnetic conductive parts, and the plurality of sub-magnetic conductive parts are arranged along the radial direction and/or circumferential direction of the rotor.
  • the rotor has multiple magnetic poles, each of which is provided with a magnetic conductive part.
  • one end of the magnetically conductive portion near the magnetically conductive element extends out of the rotor body, or the surface of the magnetically conductive portion near the magnetically conductive element is flush with the surface of the rotor body near the magnetically conductive element.
  • the magnetic conductive part is a permanent magnet or a soft magnetic part; and/or, the magnetic conductive part is a permanent magnet or a soft magnetic part.
  • the magnetizing assembly further includes a first housing, the first housing being open on the side facing the rotor
  • the motor further includes: a second housing, the second housing and the first housing forming a housing, a stator, the stator and the rotor being disposed within the housing, and the rotor being disposed on the radially inner side and/or radially outer side of the stator.
  • the vehicle according to an embodiment of this application includes an electric drive system, which includes the motor described above.
  • an electric drive system is provided.
  • the magnetic guide of the magnetic adjustment component is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor's axial direction to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor.
  • the magnetic guide is connected to the magnetic guide through an actuating component to adjust the position of the magnetic guide relative to the rotor, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide and the rotor, and thus realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, so as to realize the advantages of the motor in both constant torque region and constant power region.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a motor according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the rotor core according to the first embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the rotor core and permanent magnet according to the first embodiment of this application;
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the rotor core according to the second embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the rotor core and permanent magnet according to the second embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a magnetic shielding plate according to an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of this application.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components.
  • the magnetic adjustment component 30 can be used in a motor 100.
  • the motor 100 includes a rotor 20, and the magnetic adjustment component 30 includes a magnetic conductor 31 and an actuating component 32.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor 20 along the axial direction to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor 20.
  • the actuating component 32 is connected to the magnetic conductor 31 and is used to adjust the position of the magnetic conductor 31 relative to the rotor 20.
  • the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 23 on the rotor 20 flows to the stator 50, and the effective magnetic field is called the "main magnetic field". Since the total magnetic flux of the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 23 on the rotor 20 is constant, a magnetic flux short-circuit loop is formed through the rotor 20 and the magnetic conductor 31, so that the total magnetic flux of the permanent magnet magnetic field can flow to the main magnetic field and the magnetic flux short-circuit loop respectively.
  • the position of the magnetic conductor 31 relative to the rotor 20 is adjusted by the actuating component 32 to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor 20, thereby realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop.
  • the motor 100 can have the advantages of both constant torque region and constant power region, and while ensuring high torque density and power density, it can effectively broaden the constant power operation region and the high efficiency region.
  • the magnetic adjustment component 30 adjusts the magnetic flux through the rotor 10 to meet the magnetic adjustment requirements of the motor 100, avoiding the problem of overcoming large axial forces due to axial movement of the rotor or stator in related technologies, making magnetic adjustment more convenient.
  • the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field is increased by the magnetic adjustment component 30, thereby increasing the permanent magnet flux linkage and increasing torque output.
  • a high degree of matching between the high-efficiency region of the motor 100 and the operating point of the new energy vehicle is achieved, thereby reducing the power consumption of the new energy vehicle and improving its economy.
  • the magnetic guide element 31 is movably disposed at at least one axial end of the rotor 20. It is understood that both ends of the rotor 20 in the axial direction are provided with magnetic adjustment components 30. This arrangement enables the formation of two magnetic flux short-circuit loops, thereby improving the magnetic flux adjustment capability of the main magnetic flux and eliminating axial unbalanced magnetic pull, further improving the reliability of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic adjustment component 30 is provided at one axial end of the rotor 20. This arrangement achieves magnetic flux adjustment of the main magnetic flux while reducing costs.
  • the position of the magnetic conductor 31 relative to the rotor 20 is adjusted by the actuating component 32 to move the magnetic conductor 31 away from the rotor 20, thereby reducing the magnetic flux in the short-circuit loop, increasing the magnetic flux of the main magnetic flux, and thus increasing the no-load back EMF, thereby increasing the torque performance and power performance in the low-speed region.
  • the position of the magnetic conductor 31 relative to the rotor 20 is adjusted by the actuating component 32 to move the magnetic conductor 31 closer to the rotor 20, thereby increasing the magnetic flux in the short-circuit loop, reducing the magnetic flux of the main magnetic flux, and thus reducing the no-load back EMF, thereby reducing the losses of the rotor 20 and stator 50, widening the constant power region, increasing the peak torque/power in the high-speed region, and effectively preventing overvoltage damage to power devices in the inverter using the motor 100, adding a layer of protection to the electric drive system.
  • the magnetic flux of the main magnetic flux is adjusted in real time by the magnetic adjustment component 30, thereby achieving real-time control of the no-load back EMF and voltage of the motor 100.
  • the motor 100 is connected to the controller.
  • the magnetic flux of the main magnetic flux is adjusted by the magnetic adjustment component 30. This reduces the need to adjust the magnetic flux of the main magnetic flux through the armature direct shaft weakening magnetic current of the controller, thereby reducing the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet 23 and improving the reliability of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic guide 31 is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor 20 along the axial direction to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor 20.
  • the actuating component 32 is connected to the magnetic guide 31 to adjust the position of the magnetic guide 31 relative to the rotor 20, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide 31 and the rotor 20, and thus realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, so that the motor 100 using the magnetic adjustment component 30 has the advantages of both constant torque region and constant power region, and effectively expands the constant power operation region and high efficiency region while ensuring high torque density and power density.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can move along the axial direction of the rotor 20.
  • the actuating component 32 adjusts the position of the magnetic conductor 31 relative to the rotor 20 along the axial direction of the rotor 20, thereby adjusting the axial distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20.
  • This allows for the adjustment of the magnetic flux in the short-circuit loop, and consequently, the adjustment of the magnetic flux in the main magnetic field.
  • This enables the motor 100 to possess the advantages of both constant torque and constant power regions, effectively expanding the constant power operating region and the high-efficiency region while ensuring high torque and power density.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can have a first state and a second state.
  • the first state the distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 along the axial direction of the rotor 20 is the smallest, and the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 are spaced apart in the axial direction of the rotor 20.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 is in the first position.
  • the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop formed by the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 is the largest.
  • the separation of the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 in the axial direction of the rotor 20 effectively avoids motion interference between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20, improving reliability.
  • the distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 along the axial direction of the rotor 20 is the largest, and the magnetic conductor 31 is in the second position.
  • the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop formed by the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 is the smallest.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop is adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the magnitude of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field. It should be noted that when the magnetic conductor 31 is in the second position, the magnetic flux of the short-circuit loop can be zero.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 extends in a ring shape along the circumferential direction of the rotor 20. It is understood that, as the rotor 20 rotates around its axis, the magnetic conductor 31 moves along the axial direction of the rotor 20. By extending the magnetic conductor 31 in a ring shape along the circumferential direction of the rotor 20, a magnetic flux short-circuit loop is formed between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20, thereby ensuring the magnetic flux modulation effect of the magnetic flux modulation assembly 30 on the main magnetic flux.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can move circumferentially along the rotor 20, that is, the actuating component 32 can drive the magnetic conductor 31 to move along the circumferential and axial directions of the rotor, thereby causing the magnetic conductor 31 to move closer to or further away from the rotor 20 along the axial direction. Adjusting the distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 along the axial direction of the rotor 20 realizes the adjustment of the magnetic flux through the rotor 20, thereby enabling the simultaneous adjustment of the axial facing area of the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 and the magnetic flux through the rotor 20, which can meet different adjustment requirements.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can move radially along the rotor 20, that is, the actuating component 32 can drive the magnetic conductor 31 to move along the radial and axial directions of the rotor, thereby causing the magnetic conductor 31 to move closer to or further away from the rotor 20 along the axial direction. Adjusting the distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20 along the axial direction of the rotor 20 realizes the adjustment of the magnetic flux through the rotor 20, thereby enabling the simultaneous adjustment of the axial facing area of the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 and the magnetic flux through the rotor 20, which can meet different adjustment requirements.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 when the magnetic conductor 31 moves along the axial direction of the rotor 20, the magnetic conductor 31 can move circumferentially and radially along the rotor 20. That is, the actuating component 32 can drive the magnetic conductor 31 to achieve spiral lifting and other moving paths, which can meet different adjustment requirements.
  • the magnetic adjustment assembly 30 further includes a first housing 12.
  • the side of the first housing 12 facing the rotor 20 is open.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 and the actuating component 32 are both located inside the first housing 12, which facilitates the magnetic conductor 31 to be movably disposed at at least one end of the rotor body 21 in the axial direction.
  • the first housing 12 can protect the magnetic conductor 31 and the actuating component 32, and the first housing 12 can provide support for the actuating component 32, which facilitates the installation of the actuating component 32 and ensures that the actuating component 32 drives the magnetic conductor 31 to move smoothly in the axial direction of the rotor body 21, thereby improving the reliability of the motor 100.
  • a movable cavity 321 is provided in the first housing 12, and an actuating component 32 includes a magnetic adjustment slip ring 322.
  • the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 can move along the axial direction of the rotor body 21 under the push of the medium in the movable cavity 321.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 is connected to the end of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 facing the rotor 20.
  • the medium in the moving cavity 321 can push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 to move along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, thereby enabling the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 to drive the magnetic conductor 31 to move along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, satisfying the movement requirements of the magnetic conductor 31, thus realizing the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100, ensuring that the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 is subjected to uniform force, making the magnetic adjustment reliable, and the medium in the moving cavity 321 can cool the motor 100, effectively reducing the heat generation of the rotor 20, which is conducive to extending the service life and improving the magnetic adjustment efficiency.
  • the driving force of the medium is transmitted to the magnetic conductor 31 through the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322, so that the magnetic conductor 31 can move along the axial direction of the rotor body 21.
  • This avoids the magnetic conductor 31 extending into the moving cavity 321, which would cause structural complexity. It also facilitates the processing and manufacturing of the magnetic conductor 31, and allows for the selection of materials for the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the magnetic conductor 31 to meet different material requirements. While meeting the usage requirements, it is beneficial to reduce production costs.
  • the first housing 12 is provided with an oil port, which is located on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 away from the rotor body 21.
  • the oil port communicates with the moving cavity 321, enabling the connection between the moving cavity 321 and the hydraulic actuator. This allows the medium flowing out of the hydraulic actuator to enter the moving cavity 321 through the oil port, meeting the fluid supply requirements of the moving cavity 321. This results in a simple structure that is easy to manufacture. Simultaneously, the oil port's location on the first housing 12 facilitates its manufacturing, ensuring a compact structure and convenient assembly of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can be adjusted at any position in the axial direction of the rotor body 21, thereby enabling stepless magnetic adjustment of the motor 100, ensuring magnetic adjustment accuracy, and allowing real-time adjustment of the position of the magnetic conductor 31 to ensure reliable adjustment.
  • the motor 100 can be an oil-cooled motor, and the hydraulic actuator is an internal structure of the motor 100. It can directly drive the cooling oil in the oil-cooled motor into the moving cavity 321 to meet the liquid supply requirements of the moving cavity 321, thereby achieving the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100. No additional device needs to be added to the motor 100, which can avoid additional energy consumption, simplify the structure, and help reduce costs.
  • the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field can be adjusted by the magnetic adjustment component 30 to meet different adjustment requirements.
  • the magnetic adjustment component 30 increases the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field, it can improve the high-efficiency region of the motor 100, achieving a high degree of matching between the high-efficiency region of the motor 100 and the operating point of the vehicle 1000, thereby reducing the power consumption of the vehicle 1000 and improving its economy.
  • the vehicle is a new energy vehicle.
  • the hydraulic actuator can be the internal structure of the electric drive system of the vehicle 1000. It can directly drive the cooling oil in the electric drive system into the moving cavity 321 to meet the fluid supply needs of the moving cavity 321, thereby realizing the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100. There is no need to add an extra device to the motor 100, which can avoid extra energy consumption and make the structure simple, which is conducive to reducing costs.
  • the actuating component 32 further includes an elastic element 323, which is connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322.
  • the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 has an elastic element 323 on at least one side of its two sides along the axial direction of the rotor body 21.
  • the elastic element 323 can drive the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 to move in an axial direction away from the rotor 20, thereby allowing the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 to drive the magnetic conductor 31 to move in a direction away from the rotor 20, satisfying the movement requirements of the magnetic conductor 31, realizing the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100, and ensuring reliable magnetic adjustment.
  • the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100 has a combined action mode of active and passive action.
  • the active magnetic adjustment is hydraulic magnetic adjustment
  • the passive magnetic adjustment is achieved by relying on the elastic potential energy of the elastic element 323, making the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100 simple and reliable.
  • the elastic element 323 can be a spring, etc.
  • the elastic element 323 is located inside the moving cavity 321 and is located on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 away from the rotor 20.
  • the two ends of the elastic element 323 are respectively connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the surface of the moving cavity 321 away from the rotor 20, making the structure compact.
  • the medium within the moving cavity 321 can push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 towards the rotor body 21, thereby causing the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 to move the magnetic conductor 31 towards the rotor body 21, moving the magnetic conductor 31 to the desired position, and stretching the elastic element 323.
  • the elastic element 323 releases its elastic potential energy, causing the elastic element 323 to pull the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 away from the rotor body 21, satisfying the required control needs.
  • the elastic element 323 can pull the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 back to the furthest position along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, achieving the requirement that the motor 100 does not need magnetic adjustment.
  • the elastic element 323 is located on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 facing the rotor 20, and the two ends of the elastic element 323 are respectively connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the surface of the first housing 12 near the rotor 20, making the structure compact.
  • the medium within the moving cavity 321 can push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 towards the rotor body 21, thereby causing the magnetic guide 31 to move towards the rotor body 21, moving it to the desired position, and compressing the elastic element 323.
  • the elastic element 323 releases its elastic potential energy, causing it to push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 away from the rotor body 21, thus meeting the required control needs.
  • the elastic element 323 can push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 back to the furthest position along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, enabling the motor 100 to not need magnetic adjustment.
  • a limiting member 11 is provided on the first housing 12.
  • the limiting member 11 can be located on the side of the moving cavity 321 facing the rotor body 21, and the elastic member 323 is located on the side of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 facing the rotor body 21.
  • the two ends of the elastic member 323 are respectively connected to the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the limiting member 11, which facilitates the limiting of the elastic member 323, ensures that the positioning of the elastic member 323 is reliable, and makes the structure compact.
  • the medium within the moving cavity 321 can push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 towards the rotor body 21, thereby causing the magnetic guide 31 to move towards the rotor body 21, moving it to the desired position, and compressing the elastic element 323.
  • the elastic element 323 releases its elastic potential energy, causing it to push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 away from the rotor body 21, thus meeting the required control needs.
  • the elastic element 323 can push the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 back to the furthest position along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, enabling the motor 100 to not need magnetic adjustment.
  • the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 has a groove 3221 on the side facing the rotor 20 (e.g., the lower side shown in Figure 2).
  • the magnetic conductor 31 is disposed in the groove 3221, which can realize the connection between the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322, ensuring that the magnetic conductor 31 is reliably fixed on the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322, which can meet the required connection requirements, and the structure is simple and easy to process and manufacture.
  • a sealing ring 33 is provided between the peripheral wall of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the peripheral wall of the moving cavity 321.
  • a sealing ring 33 is provided between the outer peripheral wall of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the inner peripheral wall of the moving cavity 321.
  • the sealing ring 33 can seal the gap between the outer peripheral wall of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the inner peripheral wall of the moving cavity 321, preventing the medium in the moving cavity 321 from flowing out between the outer peripheral wall of the magnetic adjustment slip ring 322 and the inner peripheral wall of the moving cavity 321, ensuring reliable sealing and guaranteeing the magnetic adjustment accuracy of the motor 100.
  • the magnetizing assembly 30 further includes a displacement sensor for detecting the axial distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20.
  • the displacement sensor can measure the displacement of the magnetic conductor 31 in real time, thereby achieving precise control of the position of the magnetic conductor 31, improving the magnetizing accuracy of the magnetizing assembly 30, and further improving the reliability of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 is formed by winding magnetic sheets 311 around the axis of the rotor body 21.
  • the gaps between the magnetic sheets 311 can block a certain amount of current, thereby reducing iron loss and further improving the efficiency of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can be made of steel sheets, which ensures the magnetic conductivity of the magnetic conductor 31 and reduces costs.
  • the motor 100 of this application embodiment is described below.
  • the motor 100 includes a rotor 20 and a magnetic adjustment assembly 30.
  • the motor 100 When the motor 100 is running, the effective magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 23 on the rotor 20 flowing to the stator 50 is called the "main magnetic field". Since the total magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 23 generated on the rotor 20 is constant, a magnetic flux short-circuit loop is formed through the rotor 20 and the magnetic conductor 31, so that the total magnetic flux of the permanent magnet can flow to the main magnetic field and the magnetic flux short-circuit loop respectively.
  • the motor 100 has the advantages of both constant torque and constant power regions, and while ensuring high torque density and power density, it effectively expands the constant power operation region and the high efficiency region.
  • the motor 100 is provided with a magnetic adjustment component 30.
  • the magnetic guide 31 is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the axial direction of the rotor 20 to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor 20.
  • the actuator 32 is connected to the magnetic guide 31 to adjust the position of the magnetic guide 31 relative to the rotor 20, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide 31 and the rotor 20, thereby realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, so that the motor 100 can have the advantages of both constant torque region and constant power region, and effectively expand the constant power operation region and high efficiency region while ensuring high torque density and power density.
  • the rotor 20 includes a rotor body 21 and a magnetic conductive part 22, the magnetic conductive part 22 being disposed within the rotor body 21.
  • the magnetically conductive part 22 has good magnetic permeability in both the axial and radial directions of the rotor 20, and the magnetically conductive element 31 has high magnetic permeability in the axial direction of the rotor 20, so that the magnetically conductive part 22 and the magnetically conductive element 31 form a magnetic flux short-circuit loop.
  • the motor 100 When the motor 100 is running, the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 23 on the rotor 20 flows to the stator 50, which is called the "main magnetic field". Since the total magnetic flux of the permanent magnet magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 23 on the rotor 20 is constant, a magnetic flux short-circuit loop is formed through the magnetic guide part 22 and the magnetic guide element 31, so that the total magnetic flux of the permanent magnet magnetic field can flow to the main magnetic field and the magnetic flux short-circuit loop respectively. By adjusting the axial distance between the magnetic guide element 31 and the magnetic guide part 22 of the rotor 20 through the actuating component 32, the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the motor 100 has the advantages of both constant torque and constant power regions, and while ensuring high torque density and power density, it effectively expands the constant power operation region and the high efficiency region.
  • the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field is increased by the magnetic adjustment component 30, thereby increasing the permanent magnet flux linkage and increasing torque output.
  • a high degree of matching between the high-efficiency region of the motor 100 and the operating point of the new energy vehicle is achieved, thereby reducing the power consumption of the new energy vehicle and improving its economy.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can have a first state and a second state.
  • the first state the distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 along the axial direction of the rotor 20 is minimal, and the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 are spaced apart in the axial direction of the rotor 20.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 is in the first position.
  • the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop formed by the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 is maximized.
  • the separation of the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 in the axial direction of the rotor 20 effectively avoids motion interference between the magnetic conductor 31 and the rotor 20, improving reliability.
  • the distance between the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 along the axial direction of the rotor 20 is maximized, and the magnetic conductor 31 is in the second position.
  • the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop formed by the magnetic conductor 31 and the magnetic conductor 22 is minimized.
  • the magnitude of the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short-circuit loop is adjusted, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field. It should be noted that when the magnetic conductor 31 is in the second position, the magnetic flux of the short-circuit loop can be zero.
  • the magnetic guide element 31 is disposed at at least one end of the rotor 20 along the axial direction.
  • the actuating component 32 is connected to the magnetic guide element 31 and is used to drive the magnetic guide element 31 to move closer to or away from the magnetic guide part 22 of the rotor 20 along the axial direction. This adjusts the distance between the magnetic guide element 31 and the magnetic guide part 22 along the axial direction of the rotor 20, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide element 31 and the magnetic guide part 22.
  • This allows for the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field, so that the motor 100 can have the advantages of both constant torque and constant power regions. While ensuring high torque density and power density, it can effectively broaden the constant power operation region and the high efficiency region.
  • the rotor body 21 includes a rotor core 211.
  • the rotor core 211 has multiple (two or more) first magnetic grooves 2111 and multiple (two or more) magnetic grooves 2113.
  • the multiple first magnetic grooves 2111 and the multiple magnetic grooves 2113 penetrate the rotor core 211 along the axial direction of the rotor core 211.
  • the magnetic part 22 is disposed in the first magnetic groove 2111, and the permanent magnet 23 is disposed in the magnetic groove 2113. This enables the placement of multiple magnetic parts 22 and multiple permanent magnets 23, ensuring that the magnetic parts 22 and permanent magnets 23 are reliably placed on the rotor core 211.
  • the permanent magnet 23 can be a ferrite component, a neodymium iron boron component, or a samarium cobalt component. Since ferrite, neodymium iron boron, and samarium cobalt are all magnetic materials, the permanent magnet 23 of the ferrite component, neodymium iron boron component, or samarium cobalt component can generate a permanent magnetic field during the rotation of the rotor body 21, which can meet the working requirements of the motor 100 and the usage requirements of the motor 100 in different environments.
  • the specific structure of the magnet groove 2113 can be set according to the actual situation.
  • the magnet groove 2113 can be formed into an arc-shaped hole or a square hole as shown in Figure 6, which can meet the placement requirements of different permanent magnets 23, thereby meeting different usage requirements.
  • the shape of the magnet slot 2113 in the cross section perpendicular to the axis of the rotor body 21 can be "-", “V", “U” or “W”, which can meet the placement requirements of the permanent magnet 23, thereby achieving the magnetic field strength requirements of the motor 100.
  • the permanent magnets 23 are multiple, each corresponding to one of the magnetic slots 2113, and the multiple magnetic slots 2113 form a group.
  • the shape of a group of multiple magnetic slots 2113 can be "-", "V", “U”, or “W” shaped, or they can be combined to form “-", "V", "U”, or “W” shapes, or they can be combined to form “-”, “V", “U”, or “W” shapes respectively.
  • a group of multiple magnetic steel grooves 2113 can be formed into "V+V”, “-+V”, “V+U” type, etc.
  • the multiple magnetic slots 2113 can be formed into multiple groups (more than or equal to two groups).
  • the multiple groups of magnetic slots 2113 are arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the rotor body 21, which can meet the arrangement requirements of multiple permanent magnets 23, ensure a compact structure, and meet the magnetic field strength requirements of the motor 100.
  • the rotor body 21 further includes a magnetic shielding plate 212.
  • the axial ends of the rotor core 211 are provided with magnetic shielding plates 212, for example, both ends of the rotor core 211 in the axial direction are provided with magnetic shielding plates 212.
  • the magnetic shielding plates 212 can prevent the leakage of the magnetic field generated on the rotor core 211, ensuring the reliable operation of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic shielding plates 212 can block the permanent magnet 23, preventing the permanent magnet 23 from flying out of the magnetic slot 2113 when the rotor core 211 rotates, ensuring the reliable operation of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic shielding plate 212 has a second magnetic guide groove 2121 that extends through the axial direction.
  • the magnetic guide part 22 is disposed in the first magnetic guide groove 2111 and the second magnetic guide groove 2121, so that the magnetic guide part 22 can extend out of the magnetic shielding plate 212 through the first magnetic guide groove 2111 and the second magnetic guide groove 2121 respectively.
  • This allows the magnetic shielding plate 212 to avoid the magnetic guide part 22 through the second magnetic guide groove 2121, making it easier for the magnetic guide part 22 to extend out of the axial end of the rotor body 21, meeting the required connection requirements.
  • the structure is simple and easy to process and manufacture.
  • the rotor core 211 includes multiple (two or more) rotor laminations 213. These multiple rotor laminations 213 are stacked along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, which effectively reduces eddy current losses and increases magnetic flux density, thereby improving the efficiency of the motor 100. Simultaneously, by providing magnetic shielding plates 212 at both ends of the rotor core 211 in the axial direction, the multiple rotor laminations 213 can be pressed together, ensuring reliable connection.
  • the rotor core 211 is formed by stacking multiple rotor laminations 213.
  • the rotor lamination 213 is a soft magnetic component, wherein the rotor lamination 213 is a silicon steel sheet, an amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy, an iron-cobalt component, or a stainless steel component. Therefore, since soft magnetic materials have low coercivity and high permeability, using the rotor lamination 213 as a soft magnetic component can improve the magnetization efficiency of the motor 100 and reduce the energy loss of the motor 100.
  • silicon steel sheets, amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys (chemical formula: FeZrNbBCu), iron-cobalt, and stainless steel are all soft magnetic materials, using the rotor lamination 213 as a silicon steel sheet, an amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy, an iron-cobalt component, or a stainless steel component can meet the different needs of the motor 100 and improve its versatility.
  • the specific location of the magnetic conductive part 22 can be set according to the actual situation.
  • the first magnetic guide groove 2111 may be located radially inside the magnet groove 2113; or, the first magnetic guide groove 2111 and the magnet groove 2113 may be spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the rotor body 21; or, the maximum distance between the first magnetic guide groove 2111 and the axis of the rotor body 21 may be less than the minimum distance between the magnet groove 2113 closest to the rotor body 21 and the axis of the rotor body 21.
  • the positions of the magnetic guide part 22 and the permanent magnet 23 within the rotor 20 are defined. This ensures that the magnetic guide part 22 and the magnetic guide element 31 form a magnetic flux short-circuit loop while improving the versatility of the magnetic adjustment assembly 30 to adapt to different forms of motor 100.
  • the maximum distance between the first magnetic guide groove 2111 and the axis of the rotor body 21 can be equal to or greater than the minimum distance between the magnetic steel groove 2113 and the axis of the rotor body 21, so that the maximum distance between the magnetic guide part 22 and the axis of the rotor body 21 is equal to or greater than the minimum distance between the permanent magnet 23 and the axis of the rotor body 21, in order to meet the needs of different motors 100.
  • the magnetic conductive part 22 and the rotor core 211 can be an integral piece, which is simple to manufacture, ensures high connection strength between the magnetic conductive part 22 and the rotor core 211, and reduces assembly steps, resulting in high production efficiency.
  • the rotor core 211 is a skewed rotor.
  • the back electromotive force waveform can be optimized, the output torque fluctuation can be reduced, and the electromagnetic noise can be reduced, thereby optimizing the current and voltage waveforms of the motor 100 and improving the NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) quality of the motor 100.
  • NVH Noise, Vibration, Harshness
  • an auxiliary groove is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the rotor core 211.
  • the auxiliary groove extends along the axial direction of the rotor body 21, which can optimize the back electromotive force waveform, reduce output torque fluctuation and reduce electromagnetic noise, thereby optimizing the current and voltage waveforms of the motor 100 and improving the NVH quality of the motor 100.
  • auxiliary slots there may be multiple auxiliary slots (two or more), and the multiple auxiliary slots are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the rotor body 21, which can further improve the NVH quality of the motor 100.
  • auxiliary slots are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG3 there are multiple magnetic conductive parts 22 (more than or equal to two).
  • the multiple magnetic conductive parts 22 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the rotor 20.
  • the multiple magnetic conductive parts 22 can ensure reliable cooperation with the magnetic adjustment assembly 30 and ensure the reliability of magnetic adjustment.
  • each magnetic conductive part 22 includes multiple sub-magnetic conductive parts, which are arranged along the radial direction and/or circumferential direction of the rotor 20, so that the multiple sub-magnetic conductive parts can be installed in the rotor body 21 respectively, which facilitates the assembly of the rotor 20 and facilitates processing and manufacturing.
  • each magnetic part 22 includes a plurality of sub-magnetic parts, so that the plurality of sub-magnetic parts can be installed in the first magnetic grooves 2111 respectively, which facilitates the assembly of the rotor 20.
  • the magnetic conductive part 22 can be a permanent magnet or a soft magnetic part, which can meet the magnetic conductivity requirements of the magnetic conductive part 22 and have good magnetic permeability to meet the required magnetic adjustment requirements.
  • the magnetic conductive part 22 can be a silicon steel sheet, an amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy, an iron-cobalt, a stainless steel, a ferrite, a neodymium iron boron, or a samarium cobalt to meet the needs of different motors 100.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can be a permanent magnet or a soft magnetic conductor, which can meet the magnetic conduction requirements of the magnetic conductor 31 and have good magnetic permeability to meet the required magnetic adjustment requirements.
  • the magnetic conductor 31 can be a silicon steel sheet, an amorphous and nanocrystalline alloy, an iron-cobalt, a stainless steel, a ferrite, a neodymium iron boron, or a samarium cobalt to meet the needs of different motors 100.
  • the rotor 20 has multiple magnetic poles, each of which is provided with a magnetically conductive part 22. This arrangement ensures that the magnetically conductive part 22 of each magnetic pole forms multiple sub-magnetic flux short-circuit loops with the magnetically conductive element 31, further guaranteeing the magnetic adjustment effect of the magnetic adjustment assembly 30 and improving reliability.
  • the magnetizing assembly 30 includes a first housing 12, which is open on the side facing the rotor 20.
  • the motor 100 also includes a second housing 13 and a stator 50.
  • the second housing 13 and the first housing 12 together form a housing 10.
  • the stator 50 and the rotor 20 are disposed inside the second housing 13.
  • the housing 10 can protect the stator 50 and the rotor 20, preventing them from being exposed and damaged, and ensuring good protection.
  • the rotor 20 is located on the radial inner side and/or radial outer side of the stator 50, that is, the rotor 20 is located on the radial inner side of the stator 50, or the rotor 20 is located on the radial outer side of the stator 50, or the rotor 20 is located on both the radial inner side and the radial outer side of the stator 50.
  • This can meet the usage requirements of different motors 100, and the magnetization of the motor 100 can be adjusted through the magnetization adjustment component 30, thus meeting the magnetization adjustment requirements of different motors 100 and facilitating versatility.
  • the rotor 20 is inserted inside the stator 50, so that the motor 100 can be formed as an inner rotor motor 100, or the rotor 20 is sleeved outside the stator 50, so that the motor 100 can be formed as an outer rotor motor 100.
  • This meets the usage requirements of different motors 100, and the magnetic adjustment of the motor 100 can be achieved through the magnetic adjustment component 30, which meets the magnetic adjustment requirements of different motors 100 and is conducive to achieving versatility.
  • the magnetic flux of the stator 50 can be adjusted to meet the magnetic adjustment requirements of the motor 100.
  • the stator 50 includes a stator core 51 and a stator winding 52.
  • the stator winding 52 is wound around the stator core 51.
  • energizing the stator winding 52 causes the rotor 20 to rotate under the magnetic force of the stator 50, thus fulfilling the working requirements of the motor 100.
  • the magnetic flux of the short-circuit loop can be changed, thereby adjusting the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field and the inductance of the stator winding 52.
  • the motor 100 further includes a rotating shaft 40, a portion of which is rotatably disposed within the housing 10.
  • the rotor 20 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 40.
  • the rotor 20 rotates under the action of the magnetic field force, so that the rotor 20 can drive the rotating shaft 40 to rotate, thereby realizing the power output of the motor 100.
  • the rotor body 21 is provided with a first shaft hole 2112
  • the magnetic shielding plate 212 is provided with a second shaft hole 2122
  • the rotating shaft 40 can pass through the first shaft hole 2112 and the second shaft hole 2122, so as to facilitate the connection between the rotating shaft 40 and the rotor body 21 and meet the required connection requirements.
  • the vehicle 1000 according to an embodiment of this application is described below.
  • the vehicle 1000 includes an electric drive system, which includes a motor 100.
  • a vehicle 1000 is provided with an electric drive system.
  • the magnetic guide 31 of the magnetic adjustment component 30 is adapted to be movably disposed at at least one end of the axial direction of the rotor 20 to adjust the magnetic flux through the rotor 20.
  • the actuator 32 is connected to the magnetic guide 31 to adjust the position of the magnetic guide 31 relative to the rotor 20, thereby changing the magnetic flux of the magnetic flux short circuit loop formed by the magnetic guide 31 and the rotor 20, and thus realizing the adjustment of the magnetic flux of the main magnetic field.
  • the adjustment is convenient, so that the motor 100 can have the advantages of both constant torque region and constant power region.
  • references to terms such as “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “illustrative embodiment,” “example,” “specific example,” or “some examples,” etc. indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application.
  • the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆，该车辆包括具有调磁组件的电机，该调磁组件(30)包括：导磁件(31)，导磁件(31)适于可移动地设置于转子(20)的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子(20)的磁通量；作动部件(32)，作动部件(32)与导磁件(31)连接，用于调节导磁件(31)相对于转子(20)的位置。

Description

调磁组件、电机及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为2024107108379，申请日为2024年05月31日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种调磁组件、电机及车辆。
背景技术
电机如电励磁同步电机和永磁同步电机，虽然各具优势，但也存在着明显的性能短板。电励磁同步电机在低速轻载时效率低，以及永磁同步电机在高速时存在转矩和效率限制。
在相关技术中，通过将转子从定子里轴向移出，或者移动定子使其与转子的铁心重合部分减少，减小磁通量，使得气隙磁场可调，兼具了永磁电机和电励磁电机的优势。但是，为了实现转子或定子的轴向移动，需要克服较大的轴向力，且需要设置较大的移动执行机构，并消耗较多的能量。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种调磁组件，所述调磁组件调节通过转子的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
本申请还提出一种电机，所述车辆包括上述的调磁组件。
本申请还提出一种车辆，所述车辆包括上述的电机。
根据本申请实施例的调磁组件，所述调磁组件包括：导磁件，所述导磁件适于可移动地设置于转子的轴向至少一端，以调节通过所述转子的磁通量；作动部件，所述作动部件与所述导磁件连接，用于调节所述导磁件相对于所述转子的位置。
根据本申请实施例的调磁组件，导磁件适于可移动地设置于转子的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子的磁通量，通过作动部件与导磁件连接，用于调节导磁件相对于转子的位置，从而改变导磁件和转子形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，以实现应用该调磁组件的电机兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁件可沿所述转子的轴向移动。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁件可沿所述转子的周向移动；和/或所述导磁件可沿所述转子的径向移动。
在本申请的一些实施例，还包括：第一壳体，所述第一壳体朝向所述转子的一侧敞开，所述导磁件和所述作动部件均位于所述第一壳体内。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述第一壳体内设有移动腔，所述作动部件包括：调磁滑环，所述调磁滑环适于在所述移动腔内介质的推动下沿所述转子的轴向方向移动，所述导磁件与所述调磁滑环的朝向所述转子的一端连接。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述第一壳体上设有油口，所述油口位于所述调磁滑环背离所述转子本体的一侧，且所述油口与所述移动腔连通。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述作动部件还包括：弹性件，所述弹性件与所述调磁滑环连接，用于带动所述调磁滑环朝向远离所述转子的轴向方向移动。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述弹性件位于所述移动腔内，且位于所述调磁滑环背离所述转子的一侧，所述弹性件的两端分别与所述调磁滑环和所述移动腔的远离所述转子的表面连接；或，所述弹性件位于所述调磁滑环朝向所述转子的一侧，所述弹性件的两端分别与所述调磁滑环和所述第一壳体的靠近所述转子的表面连接。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述第一壳体上设有限位件，所述弹性件的两端分别与所述调磁滑环和所述限位件连接。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述调磁滑环朝向所述转子的一侧设有凹槽，所述导磁件设于所述凹槽内。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述调磁滑环的周壁和所述移动腔的周壁之间设有密封圈。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述调磁组件还包括：位移传感器，所述位移传感器用于检测所述导磁件与所述转子的轴向距离。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁件由导磁片绕所述转子的轴线卷绕形成。
根据本申请实施例的电机，包括：转子；上述的调磁组件。
根据本申请实施例的电机，设置调磁组件，导磁件适于可移动地设置于转子的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子的磁通量，通过作动部件与导磁件连接，用于调节导磁件相对于转子的位置，从而改变导磁件和转子形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，以实现应用电机兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述转子包括转子本体和导磁部，所述导磁部设置于所述转子本体内。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述转子本体包括：转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯具有沿轴向方向贯穿的多个第一导磁槽和多个磁钢槽；所述导磁部设于所述第一导磁槽中，所述转子的永磁体设于所述磁钢槽中。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述转子本体还包括：隔磁板，所述转子铁芯的轴向端部设有所述隔磁板，所述隔磁板具有沿轴向方向贯穿的第二导磁槽，所述导磁部设于所述第一导磁槽和所述第二导磁槽中。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁部和所述转子铁芯为一体件。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述转子铁芯为斜极转子。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述转子铁芯的外周壁上设有沿所述轴向方向延伸的辅助槽。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁部为多个，多个所述导磁部沿所述转子的周向方向间隔开。
在本申请的一些实施例，每个所述导磁部包括多个子导磁部，多个所述子导磁部沿所述转子的径向方向和/或周向方向排布。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述转子具有多个磁极，每个磁极均设置有导磁部。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁部靠近所述导磁件的一端伸出所述转子本体，或，所述导磁部靠近所述导磁件的表面与所述转子本体靠近所述导磁件的表面齐平。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述导磁部为永磁件或软磁件；和/或，所述导磁件为永磁件或软磁件。
在本申请的一些实施例，所述调磁组件还包括第一壳体，所述第一壳体的朝向所述转子的一侧敞开，所述电机还包括：第二壳体，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体合围形成壳体，定子，所述定子和所述转子设于所述壳体内，所述转子设置于所述定子的径向内侧和/或径向外侧。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，包括电驱系统，电驱系统包括上述的电机。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，设置电驱系统，调磁组件的导磁件适于可移动地设置于转子的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子的磁通量，通过作动部件与导磁件连接，用于调节导磁件相对于转子的位置，从而改变导磁件和转子形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，以实现电机兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域，实现电机高效区域与车辆的工况点之间的高度匹配，从而降低车辆的电耗，提高经济性。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的电机的剖视图；
图2是图1中A处放大图；
图3是根据本申请第一个实施例的转子铁芯的俯视图；
图4是根据本申请第一个实施例的转子铁芯和永磁体的俯视图；
图5是根据本申请第二个实施例的转子铁芯的俯视图；
图6是根据本申请第二个实施例的转子铁芯和永磁体的俯视图；
图7是根据本申请实施例的隔磁板的结构图；
图8是根据本申请实施例的车辆的示意图。
附图标记：
1000、车辆；
100、电机；
10、壳体；11、限位件；12、第一壳体；13、第二壳体；
20、转子；21、转子本体；211、转子铁芯；2111、第一导磁槽；2112、第一轴孔；2113、磁
钢槽；212、隔磁板；2121、第二导磁槽；2122、第二轴孔；213、转子冲片；22、导磁部；23、永磁体；
30、调磁组件；31、导磁件；311、导磁片；32、作动部件；321、移动腔；322、调磁滑环；
3221、凹槽；323、弹性件；33、密封圈；
40、转轴；
50、定子；51、定子铁芯；52、定子绕组。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面参考附图描述根据本申请实施例的调磁组件30。
如图1和图2所示，根据本申请实施例的调磁组件30，可以用于电机100，电机100包括转子20，调磁组件30包括导磁件31和作动部件32。
其中，导磁件31适于可移动地设置于转子20的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子20的磁通量，作动部件32与导磁件31连接，用于调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置。
可以理解的是，电机100运行时，位于转子20上的永磁体23所产生的永磁磁场流向定子50的有效磁场称之为“主磁场”。由于转子20上的永磁体23所产生的永磁磁场的总磁通量恒定，通过转子20和导磁件31形成磁通短路回路，以使永磁磁场的总磁通量可以分别流向主磁场和磁通短路回路，并通过作动部件32调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置以调节通过转子20的磁通量，从而实现磁通短路回路的磁通量的调节，调节方便，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，进而实现电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
同时，调磁组件30调节通过转子10的磁通量实现电机100的调磁需求，避免相关技术中对转子或定子的轴向移动而需要克服较大的轴向力的问题，使得调磁更方便。
另外，在电机100重载运行时，通过调磁组件30提高主磁场的磁通量，从而提升永磁磁链，增大扭矩输出。另外，通过电机100高效区域提高，实现电机100高效区域与新能源车辆的工况点之间的高度匹配，从而降低新能源车辆的电耗，提高经济性。
导磁件31可移动地设置于转子20的轴向至少一端。可以理解的是，转子20轴向方向的两端均设有调磁组件30，由此，通过这样的设置实现两个磁通短路回路的形成，从而提高对主磁通的磁通量的调磁能力，且消除轴向不平衡磁拉力，进一步提高电机100的可靠性。或，如图1所示，转子20轴向方向的一端设有调磁组件30，通过这样的设置在实现对主磁通的磁通量调节的同时降低成本。
例如，在低速区域，通过作动部件32调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置以使导磁件31沿远离转子20的方向移动，从而减小磁通短路回路的磁通量，实现主磁通的磁通量的增大，进而实现空载反电势的增加，进而增加低速区的转矩性能和动力性；在高速区域，通过作动部件32调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置以使导磁件31沿靠近转子20的方向移动，从而增大磁通短路回路的磁通量，实现主磁通的磁通量的减少，进而实现空载反电势的降低，进而降低转子20和定子50的损耗，拓宽恒功率区域，增加高速区峰值扭矩/功率，同时，还能有效避免应用该电机100的逆变器过压而损坏功率器件，为电驱系统增加一层保护。由此，通过调磁组件30实现实时调节主磁通的磁通量，从而实现实时控制电机100的空载反电势和电压。
此外，电机100与控制器连接，在电机100处于中高速区域时，通过调磁组件30对主磁通的磁通量进行调节，能够减少通过控制器的电枢直轴弱磁电流调节主磁通的磁通量的需求，从而能够降低永磁体23发生不可逆退磁的风险，提高电机100的可靠性。
根据本申请实施例的调磁组件30，导磁件31适于可移动地设置于转子20的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子20的磁通量，通过作动部件32与导磁件31连接，用于调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置，从而改变导磁件31和转子20形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，以实现应用该调磁组件30的电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1和图2所示，导磁件31可沿转子20的轴向移动。由此，作动部件32沿转子20的轴向调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置，以调节导磁件31和转子20的转子20的轴向距离，从而实现磁通短路回路的磁通量的调节，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，进而实现电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
具体地，导磁件31可具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，导磁件31和转子20沿转子20轴向方向的距离最小且导磁件31和转子20在转子20的轴向方向间隔开，导磁件31处于第一位置，此时，导磁件31和转子20形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量最大，且通过导磁件31和转子20在转子20的轴向方向间隔开，有效避免导磁件31和转子20发生运动干涉，提高可靠性；在第二状态下，导磁件31和转子20沿转子20轴向方向的距离最大，导磁件31处于第二位置，导磁件31和转子20形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量最小。由此，通过作动部件32驱动导磁件31在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，从而调节磁通短路回路的磁通量的大小，进而实现调节主磁场的磁通量的大小。需要说明的是，导磁件31在第二位置时，磁通短路回路的磁通量可以为零。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导磁件31沿转子20的周向方向延伸为环形。可以理解的是，由于转子20绕转子20的轴线转动，导磁件31沿转子20的轴向方向移动，通过导磁件31沿转子20的周向方向延伸为环形，保证导磁件31和转子20形成磁通短路回路，从而保证通过调磁组件30对主磁通的磁通量的调磁效果。
在一些实施例中，导磁件31可以沿转子20的周向移动，即作动部件32可以驱动导磁件31沿转子的周向方向和轴向方向移动，从而带动导磁件31沿轴向靠近或远离转子20，调节导磁件31和转子20沿转子20轴向方向的距离实现通过转子20的磁通量的调节，从而能够同时调节导磁件31与导磁部22的轴向正对面积和通过转子20的磁通量，能够满足不同的调节需求。
在一些实施例中，导磁件31可以沿转子20的径向移动，即作动部件32可以驱动导磁件31沿转子的径向方向和轴向方向移动，从而带动导磁件31沿轴向靠近或远离转子20，调节导磁件31和转子20沿转子20轴向方向的距离实现通过转子20的磁通量的调节，从而能够同时调节导磁件31与导磁部22的轴向正对面积和通过转子20的磁通量，能够满足不同的调节需求。
在一些实施例中，在导磁件31沿转子20的轴向移动时，导磁件31可以沿转子20的周向移动和径向移动，即作动部件32可以驱动导磁件31实现螺旋升降等移动路径，能够满足不同的调节需求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1与图2所示，调磁组件30还包括第一壳体12，第一壳体12的朝向转子20的一侧敞开，导磁件31和作动部件32均位于第一壳体12内，便于导磁件31可移动地设于转子本体21轴向方向的至少一端，通过第一壳体12能够对导磁件31和作动部件32进行防护，且第一壳体12能够为作动部件32提供支撑，便于对作动部件32进行安装，保证作动部件32驱动导磁件31沿转子本体21的轴向方向移动平稳，能够提高电机100的可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1与图2所示，第一壳体12内设有移动腔321，作动部件32包括调磁滑环322，调磁滑环322可以在移动腔321内介质的推动下沿转子本体21的轴向方向移动，导磁件31与调磁滑环322的朝向转子20的一端连接。
由此，通过移动腔321内介质使能够推动调磁滑环322沿转子本体21的轴向方向移动，从而使得调磁滑环322可以带动导磁件31沿转子本体21的轴向方向移动，满足对导磁件31的移动需求，从而实现电机100的调磁，确保调磁滑环322受力均匀，使得调磁可靠，且通过移动腔321内的介质能够实现对电机100的冷却，有效降低了转子20的发热，有利于延长使用寿命，提高调磁效率。
此外，如图1与图2所示，通过调磁滑环322将介质的驱动力传递至导磁件31上，以实现导磁件31沿转子本体21的轴向方向移动，能够避免导磁件31伸入移动腔321内而造成结构复杂性，便于对导磁件31进行加工制造，且能够分别对调磁滑环322与导磁件31的使用材料进行选择，满足不同的材料设置需求，在满足使用需求的同时，有利于降低生产成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，第一壳体12上设有油口，油口位于调磁滑环322背离转子本体21的一侧，油口与移动腔321连通，能够实现移动腔321与液压执行机构的连接，使得液压执行机构流出的介质可以通过油口进入移动腔321内，满足对移动腔321的供液需求，使得结构简单，便于进行加工制造。同时，油口设于第一壳体12上，便于对第一壳体12进行加工制造，能够确保结构紧凑，使得调磁滑环322装配方便。
此外，通过液压执行机构对介质的压力进行调节能够实现导磁件31在转子本体21的轴向方向上的任意位置上的调节，从而能够实现电机100的无级调磁，确保调磁精确性，且能够对导磁件31的位置进行实时调节，确保调节可靠。
在一些实施例中，电机100可以为油冷电机，液压执行机构为电机100的内部结构，可以直接通过驱动油冷电机内的冷却油进入移动腔321内，实现对移动腔321的供液需求，从而实现电机100的调磁，无需在电机100上增加额外装置，能够避免额外能耗，且使得结构简单，有利于降低成本。
在一些实施例中，在电机100应用于车辆1000上时，通过调磁组件30对主磁场的磁通量进行调节，能够满足不同的调节需求，例如，在调磁组件30提高主磁场的磁通量时，能够提高电机100高效区域，实现电机100高效区域与车辆1000的工况点之间的高度匹配，从而降低车辆1000的电耗，提高经济性。例如，车辆为新能源车辆。
此外，液压执行机构可以为车辆1000的电驱系统的内部结构，可以直接通过驱动电驱系统内的冷却油进入移动腔321内，实现对移动腔321的供液需求，从而实现电机100的调磁，无需在电机100上增加额外装置，能够避免额外能耗，且使得结构简单，有利于降低成本。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1与图2所示，作动部件32还包括弹性件323，弹性件323与调磁滑环322连接，例如调磁滑环322沿转子本体21轴向方向的两侧中的至少一侧设有弹性件323，弹性件323可以带动调磁滑环322朝向远离转子20的轴向方向移动，从而使得调磁滑环322可以带动导磁件31朝向远离转子20的方向移动，满足对导磁件31的移动需求，实现电机100的调磁，确保调磁可靠。由此，电机100的调磁具有主动作动和被动作动的复合作动方式，主动作动调磁为液压调磁，被动作动调磁为依靠弹性件323的弹性势能实现调磁，使得电机100的调磁简单、可靠。例如，弹性件323可以为弹簧等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，弹性件323位于移动腔321内，且弹性件323位于调磁滑环322背离转子20的一侧，弹性件323的两端分别与调磁滑环322和移动腔321的远离转子20的表面连接，使得结构紧凑。
由此，在电机100需要调磁时，通过移动腔321内介质能够推动调磁滑环322朝向靠近转子本体21的方向移动，从而使得调磁滑环322可以带动导磁件31朝向靠近转子本体21的方向移动，使得导磁件31移动至所需位置，且弹性件323发生拉伸；在电机100无需调磁或需要控制导磁件31朝向远离转子本体21的方向移动时，弹性件323释放弹性势能，使得弹性件323拉动调磁滑环322朝向背离转子本体21的方向移动，满足所需的控制需求。例如，弹性件323可以拉动调磁滑环322复位至沿转子本体21轴向方向最远的位置，实现电机100不进行调磁的需求。
或者，弹性件323位于调磁滑环322朝向转子20的一侧，弹性件323的两端分别与调磁滑环322和第一壳体12的靠近转子20的表面连接，使得结构紧凑。
由此，在电机100需要调磁时，通过移动腔321内介质能够推动调磁滑环322朝向靠近转子本体21的方向移动，从而使得调磁滑环322可以带动导磁件31朝向靠近转子本体21的方向移动，使得导磁件31移动至所需位置，且弹性件323发生压缩；在电机100无需调磁或需要控制导磁件31朝向远离转子本体21的方向移动时，弹性件323释放弹性势能，使得弹性件323推动调磁滑环322朝向背离转子本体21的方向移动，满足所需的控制需求。例如，弹性件323可以推动调磁滑环322复位至沿转子本体21轴向方向最远的位置，能够实现电机100不进行调磁的需求。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1与图2所示，第一壳体12上设有限位件11，例如限位件11可以位于移动腔321的朝向转子本体21的一侧，且弹性件323位于调磁滑环322朝向转子本体21的一侧，弹性件323的两端分别与调磁滑环322和限位件11连接，便于对弹性件323进行限位，确保弹性件323定位可靠，使得结构紧凑。
由此，在电机100需要调磁时，通过移动腔321内介质能够推动调磁滑环322朝向靠近转子本体21的方向移动，从而使得调磁滑环322可以带动导磁件31朝向靠近转子本体21的方向移动，使得导磁件31移动至所需位置，且弹性件323发生压缩；在电机100无需调磁或需要控制导磁件31朝向远离转子本体21的方向移动时，弹性件323释放弹性势能，使得弹性件323推动调磁滑环322朝向背离转子本体21的方向移动，满足所需的控制需求。例如，弹性件323可以推动调磁滑环322复位至沿转子本体21轴向方向最远的位置，能够实现电机100不进行调磁的需求。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1与图2所示，调磁滑环322的朝向转子20的一侧(例如图2中所示的下侧)设有凹槽3221，导磁件31设于凹槽3221内，能够实现导磁件31和调磁滑环322的连接，确保导磁件31在调磁滑环322上固定可靠，能够满足所需的连接需求，且结构简单，便于进行加工制造。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图2所示，调磁滑环322的周壁和移动腔321的周壁之间具有密封圈33，例如调磁滑环322的外周壁和移动腔321的内周壁之间具有密封圈33，通过密封圈33能够密封调磁滑环322的外周壁和移动腔321的内周壁之间的间隙，避免移动腔321内的介质从调磁滑环322的外周壁和移动腔321的内周壁之间流出，确保密封可靠，保证电机100的调磁精度。
在本申请的一些实施例中，调磁组件30还包括位移传感器，位移传感器用于检测导磁件31与转子20的轴向距离。在作动部件32驱动导磁件31沿转子本体21轴向方向移动时，通过位移传感器能够实时测量导磁件31的位移量，从而实现对导磁件31位置的精确控制，提高调磁组件30的调磁精度，进一步提高电机100的可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导磁件31由导磁片311绕转子本体21的轴线卷绕形成。由此，通过导磁片311之间的间隙可以阻断一定的电流，从而降低铁耗，进一步提升电机100效率。例如，导磁件31可以为钢片，能够保证导磁件31的导磁效果，且降低成本。
下面描述本申请实施例的电机100。
根据本申请实施例的电机100，包括转子20和调磁组件30。电机100运行时，位于转子20上的永磁体23所产生的永磁磁场流向定子50的有效磁场称之为“主磁场”。由于转子20上的永磁体23所产生的永磁磁场的总磁通量恒定，通过转子20和导磁件31形成磁通短路回路，以使永磁磁场的总磁通量可以分别流向主磁场和磁通短路回路，并通过作动部件32调节导磁件31相对转子20的位置，实现磁通短路回路的磁通量的调节，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，进而实现电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
根据本申请实施例的电机100，设置调磁组件30，导磁件31适于可移动地设置于转子20的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子20的磁通量，通过作动部件32与导磁件31连接，用于调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置，从而改变导磁件31和转子20形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，以实现应用电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1和图2所示，转子20包括转子本体21和导磁部22，导磁部22设于转子本体21内。
可以理解的是，导磁部22沿转子20的轴向方向和径向方向均具有良好的磁导率，导磁件31沿转子20的轴向方向为高磁导率方向，使得导磁部22和导磁件31形成磁通短路回路。
电机100运行时，位于转子20上的永磁体23所产生的永磁磁场流向定子50的有效磁场称之为“主磁场”。由于转子20上的永磁体23所产生的永磁磁场的总磁通量恒定，通过导磁部22和导磁件31形成磁通短路回路，以使永磁磁场的总磁通量可以分别流向主磁场和磁通短路回路，并通过作动部件32调节导磁件31和转子20的导磁部22的轴向距离，实现磁通短路回路的磁通量的调节，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，进而实现电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
同时，在电机100重载运行时，通过调磁组件30提高主磁场的磁通量，从而提升永磁磁链，增大扭矩输出。另外，通过电机100高效区域提高，实现电机100高效区域与新能源车辆的工况点之间的高度匹配，从而降低新能源车辆的电耗，提高经济性。
具体地，导磁件31可具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，导磁件31和导磁部22沿转子20轴向方向的距离最小且导磁件31和导磁部22在转子20的轴向方向间隔开，导磁件31处于第一位置，此时，导磁件31和导磁部22形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量最大，且通过导磁件31和导磁部22在转子20的轴向方向间隔开，有效避免导磁件31和转子20发生运动干涉，提高可靠性；在第二状态下，导磁件31和导磁部22沿转子20轴向方向的距离最大，导磁件31处于第二位置，导磁件31和导磁部22形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量最小。由此，通过作动部件32驱动导磁件31在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，从而调节磁通短路回路的磁通量的大小，进而实现调节主磁场的磁通量的大小。需要说明的是，导磁件31在第二位置时，磁通短路回路的磁通量可以为零。
通过导磁件31设置于转子20的轴向至少一端，作动部件32与导磁件31连接，用于带动导磁件31沿轴向靠近或远离转子20的导磁部22，以调节导磁件31和导磁部22沿转子20轴向方向的距离，从而改变导磁件31和导磁部22形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，以使实现电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1-图6所示，转子本体21包括转子铁芯211，转子铁芯211具有多个(大于等于两个)第一导磁槽2111和多个(大于等于两个)磁钢槽2113，多个第一导磁槽2111和多个磁钢槽2113沿转子铁芯211的轴向方向贯穿转子铁芯211，导磁部22设于所述第一导磁槽2111内，永磁体23设于磁钢槽2113内，能够实现多个导磁部22和多个永磁体23的放置，确保导磁部22和永磁体23在转子铁芯211上放置可靠。
在一些实施例中，永磁体23可以为铁氧体件、钕铁硼件或钐钴件，由于铁氧体、钕铁硼和钐钴均为磁性材料，在转子本体21转动过程中，铁氧体件、钕铁硼件或钐钴件的永磁体23可以产生永磁磁场，满足电机100的工作需求，且满足电机100在不同环境的使用要求。
在本申请的实施例中，磁钢槽2113的具体结构可以根据实际情况设置。例如，磁钢槽2113可以形成为弧形孔或者如图6中所示的方形孔等，能够满足不同永磁体23的放置需求，从而满足不同的使用需求。
例如，在一些实施例中，如图3-图6所示，在垂直于转子本体21轴线的横截面内，磁钢槽2113的形状可以为“-”形、“V”形、“U”形或“W”形，能够满足永磁体23所需的放置需求，从而实现电机100的磁场强度的需求。
在一些实施例中，如图3-图6所示，磁钢槽2113可以为多个(大于等于两个)，多个磁钢槽2113沿转子本体21的周向方向间隔设置，永磁体23为与磁钢槽2113一一对应的多个，多个磁钢槽2113形成为一组。在垂直于转子本体21轴线的横截面内，一组多个磁钢槽2113的形状可以分别为“-”形、“V”形、“U”形或“W”形，或者一组多个磁钢槽2113能够组合形成为“-”形、“V”形、“U”形或“W”形，再或者一组多个磁钢槽2113能够分别组合形成为“-”形、“V”形、“U”形或“W”形，均能够满足对永磁体23的放置需求，实现电机100的磁场强度的需求。例如，一组多个磁钢槽2113可以形成为“V+V”型、“-+V”型、“V+U”型等。
在一些实施例中，如图5与图6所示，多个磁钢槽2113可以形成为多组(大于等于两组)，多组磁钢槽2113沿转子本体21径向方向间隔设置，能够满足对多个永磁体23的排布需求，确保结构紧凑，实现电机100的磁场强度的需求。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1、图2与图7所示，转子本体21还包括隔磁板212，转子铁芯211的轴向端部设有隔磁板212，例如转子铁芯211轴向方向的两端均设有隔磁板212，通过隔磁板212能够防止转子铁芯211上产生的磁场泄漏，确保电机100的工作可靠。同时，在转子20转动时，通过隔磁板212能够封堵永磁体23，避免永磁体23随转子铁芯211转动时从磁钢槽2113内飞出，确保电机100工作可靠。
此外，如图7所示，隔磁板212具有沿轴向方向贯穿的第二导磁槽2121，导磁部22设于第一导磁槽2111和第二导磁槽2121中，使得导磁部22可以分别通过第一导磁槽2111和第二导磁槽2121伸出隔磁板212，使得隔磁板212能够通过第二导磁槽2121对导磁部22进行避让，便于导磁部22伸出转子本体21的轴向端部，满足所需的连接需求，且结构简单，便于进行加工制造。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，转子铁芯211包括多个(大于等于两个)转子冲片213，多个转子冲片213沿转子本体21轴向方向堆叠，能够有效减少涡流损耗、提高磁通密度，从而提高电机100的效率。同时，通过转子铁芯211轴向方向的两端均设有隔磁板212，能够压紧多个转子冲片213，保证连接的可靠性。例如，转子铁芯211通过多个转子冲片213叠压成型。
在本申请的一些实施例中，转子冲片213为软磁件，其中，转子冲片213为硅钢片件、非晶和纳米晶合金件、铁钴件或不锈钢件。由此，由于软磁材料具有低矫顽力和高磁导率，通过转子冲片213为软磁件可以提高电机100的磁化效率和降低电机100的能量损失。同时，由于硅钢片、非晶和纳米晶合金(化学式：FeZrNbBCu)、铁钴和不锈钢均为软磁材料，通过转子冲片213为硅钢片件、非晶和纳米晶合金件、铁钴件或不锈钢件能够满足电机100的不同需求，提高通用性。
在本申请的实施例中，导磁部22的具体设置位置可以根据实际情况设置。
在一些实施例中，如图3-图6所示，第一导磁槽2111可以位于磁钢槽2113的径向内侧；或者，第一导磁槽2111与磁钢槽2113可以沿转子本体21的周向方向间隔开；再或者，第一导磁槽2111与转子本体21轴线的最大距离小于最靠近转子本体21的磁钢槽2113与转子本体21轴线的最小距离。由此，通过限定第一导磁槽2111和磁钢槽2113的位置，从而限定导磁部22和永磁体23在转子20内的位置，在保证导磁部22和导磁件31形成磁通短路回路的同时，提高调磁组件30的通用性，以适配不同的电机100的形式。
需要说明的是，第一导磁槽2111与转子本体21轴线的最大距离可以等于或大于磁钢槽2113与转子本体21轴线的最小距离，以使导磁部22与转子本体21轴线的最大距离等于或大于永磁体23与转子本体21轴线的最小距离，以满足不同电机100的需求。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导磁部22和转子铁芯211可以为一体件，制造简单，确保导磁部22和转子铁芯211连接强度高，且减少了装配工序，生产效率高。
根据本申请的一些实施例，转子铁芯211为斜极转子，通过斜极转子的设置可以优化反电动势波形，减小输出扭矩波动和减小电磁噪音，从而优化电机100的电流和电压波形，提升电机100的NVH(Noise、Vibration、Harshness，噪声、振动与声振粗糙度)品质。
在本申请的一些实施例中，转子铁芯211的外周壁上设有辅助槽，辅助槽沿转子本体21轴向方向延伸，能够优化反电动势波形，减小输出扭矩波动和减小电磁噪音，从而优化电机100的电流和电压波形，提升电机100的NVH品质。
在一些实施例中，辅助槽可以为多个(大于等于两个)，多个辅助槽沿转子本体21的周向方向间隔设置，能够进一步提升电机100的NVH品质。
需要说明的是，辅助槽对于本领域普通技术人员而言都是已知的，这里不再详细描述。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图3所示，导磁部22为多个(大于等于两个)，多个导磁部22沿转子20的周向方向间隔开，通过多个导磁部22能够确保与调磁组件30配合可靠，确保调磁可靠性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图3所示，每个导磁部22包括多个子导磁部，多个子导磁部沿转子20的径向方向和/或周向方向排布，使得多个子导磁部能够分别安装在转子本体21内，便于实现对转子20的装配，且便于进行加工制造。
在转子铁芯211具有沿轴向方向贯穿的多个第一导磁槽2111的一些实施例中，通过每个导磁部22包括多个子导磁部，使得多个子导磁部能够分别安装在第一导磁槽2111内，便于实现对转子20的装配。
在一些实施例中，导磁部22可以为永磁件或者软磁件，能够实现导磁部22的导磁需求，且能够具有良好的导磁率，满足所需的调磁需求。例如，导磁部22可以为硅钢片件、非晶和纳米晶合金件、铁钴件、不锈钢件、铁氧体件、钕铁硼件或钐钴件，以满足不同电机100的需求。
在一些实施例中，导磁件31可以为永磁件或者软磁件，能够实现导磁件31的导磁需求，且能够具有良好的导磁率，满足所需的调磁需求。例如，导磁件31可以为硅钢片件、非晶和纳米晶合金件、铁钴件、不锈钢件、铁氧体件、钕铁硼件或钐钴件，以满足不同电机100的需求。
在一些实施例中，转子20具有多个磁极，每个磁极均设置有导磁部22。由此，通过这样的设置使得每个磁极的导磁部22均分别和导磁件31形成多个子磁通短路回路，进一步保证调磁组件30的调磁效果，提高可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1与图2所示，调磁组件30包括第一壳体12，第一壳体12的朝向转子20的一侧敞开，电机100还包括第二壳体13和定子50，第二壳体13与第一壳体12合围形成壳体10，定子50和转子20设有第二壳体13内，通过壳体10能够对定子50和转子20进行防护，避免定子50和转子20外露而造成损坏，确保防护效果好。
此外，转子20设置于定子50的径向内侧和/或径向外侧，即转子20设置于定子50的径向内侧，或者转子20设置于定子50的径向外侧，再或者转子20设置于定子50的径向内侧和径向外侧，能够实现不同电机100的使用需求，且均能够通过调磁组件30实现电机100的调磁，满足不同电机100的调磁需求，有利于实现通用性。
例如，在一些实施例中，如图1与图2所示，转子20穿设于定子50内，使得电机100能够形成为内转子电机100，或者转子20套设于定子50外，使得电机100能够形成为外转子电机100，实现了不同电机100的使用需求，且均能够通过调磁组件30实现电机100的调磁，满足不同电机100的调磁需求，有利于实现通用性，同时通过对磁通短路回路的磁通量的调节，能够实现对定子50的磁通量的调节，满足电机100的调磁需求。
在一些实施例中，如图1与图2所示，定子50包括定子铁芯51和定子绕组52，定子绕组52绕设于定子铁芯51上，在电机100工作时，向定子绕组52通电，转子20可以在定子50的磁场力的作用下发生转动，实现电机100的工作需求。此外，通过调磁组件30与导磁部22沿转子本体21轴向方向的距离能够改变磁通短路回路的磁通量，实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，且能够调节定子绕组52的电感。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，电机100还包括转轴40，转轴40的部分可转动地设于壳体10内，转子20套设于转轴40上，在电机100工作时，转子20在磁场力的作用下发生转动，使得转子20可以带动转轴40转动，实现电机100的动力输出。
在一些实施例中，如图1-图7所示，转子本体21上设有第一轴孔2112，隔磁板212设有第二轴孔2122，转轴40可以穿设于第一轴孔2112和第二轴孔2122内，便于转轴40与转子本体21连接，满足所需的连接需求。
下面描述本申请实施例的车辆1000。
如图8所示，根据本申请实施例的车辆1000，包括电驱系统，电驱系统包括电机100。
根据本申请实施例的车辆1000，设置电驱系统，调磁组件30的导磁件31适于可移动地设置于转子20的轴向至少一端，以调节通过转子20的磁通量，通过作动部件32与导磁件31连接，用于调节导磁件31相对于转子20的位置，从而改变导磁件31和转子20形成的磁通短路回路的磁通量，进而实现主磁场的磁通量的调节，调节方便，以实现电机100兼具恒扭矩区和恒功率区的优势，且在保证高转矩密度和功率密度的同时，有效拓宽恒功率运行区域和高效区域，实现电机100高效区域与车辆1000的工况点之间的高度匹配，从而降低车辆1000的电耗，提高经济性。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种调磁组件，其中，所述调磁组件(30)包括：
    导磁件(31)，所述导磁件(31)适于可移动地设置于转子(20)的轴向至少一端，以调节通过所述转子(20)的磁通量；及
    作动部件(32)，所述作动部件(32)与所述导磁件(31)连接，用于调节所述导磁件(31)相对于所述转子(20)的位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的调磁组件，其中，所述导磁件(31)可沿所述转子(20)的轴向移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的调磁组件，其中，所述导磁件(31)可沿所述转子(20)的周向移动；和/或所述导磁件(31)可沿所述转子(20)的径向移动。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的调磁组件，其中，还包括：
    第一壳体(12)，所述第一壳体(12)朝向所述转子(20)的一侧敞开，所述导磁件(31)和所述作动部件(32)均位于所述第一壳体(12)内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的调磁组件，其中，所述第一壳体(12)内设有移动腔(321)，所述作动部件(32)包括：
    调磁滑环(322)，所述调磁滑环(322)适于在所述移动腔(321)内介质的推动下沿所述转子(20)的轴向方向移动，所述导磁件(31)与所述调磁滑环(322)的朝向所述转子(20)的一端连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的调磁组件，其中，所述第一壳体(12)上设有油口，所述油口位于所述调磁滑环(322)背离所述转子本体(21)的一侧，且所述油口与所述移动腔(321)连通。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的调磁组件，其中，所述作动部件(32)还包括：
    弹性件(323)，所述弹性件(323)与所述调磁滑环(322)连接，用于带动所述调磁滑环(322)朝向远离所述转子(20)的轴向方向移动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的调磁组件，其中，所述弹性件(323)位于所述移动腔(321)内，且位于所述调磁滑环(322)背离所述转子(2)的一侧，所述弹性件(323)的两端分别与所述调磁滑环(322)和所述移动腔(321)的远离所述转子(2)的表面连接；
    或，所述弹性件(323)位于所述调磁滑环(322)朝向所述转子(2)的一侧，所述弹性件(323)的两端分别与所述调磁滑环(322)和所述第一壳体(12)的靠近所述转子(2)的表面连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的调磁组件，其中，所述第一壳体(12)上设有限位件(11)，所述弹性件(323)的两端分别与所述调磁滑环(322)和所述限位件(11)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的调磁组件，其中，所述调磁滑环(322)朝向所述转子(20)的一侧设有凹槽(3221)，所述导磁件(31)设于所述凹槽(3221)内。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的调磁组件，其中，所述调磁滑环(322)的周壁和所述移动腔(321)的周壁之间设有密封圈(33)。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的调磁组件，其中，所述调磁组件(30)还包括：
    位移传感器，所述位移传感器用于检测所述导磁件(31)与所述转子(20)的轴向距离。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的调磁组件，其中，所述导磁件(31)由导磁片(311)绕所述转子(20)的轴线卷绕形成。
  14. 一种电机，其中，包括：
    转子(20)；及
    根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的调磁组件(30)。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电机，其中，所述转子(20)包括转子本体(21)和导磁部(22)，所述导磁部(22)设置于所述转子本体(21)内。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电机，其中，所述转子本体(21)包括：转子铁芯(211)，所述转子铁芯(211)具有沿轴向方向贯穿的多个第一导磁槽(2111)和多个磁钢槽(2113)；所述导磁部(22)设于所述第一导磁槽(2111)中，所述转子(20)的永磁体(23)设于所述磁钢槽(2113)中。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电机，其中，所述转子本体(21)还包括：
    隔磁板(212)，所述转子铁芯(211)的轴向端部设有所述隔磁板(212)，所述隔磁板(212)具有沿轴向方向贯穿的第二导磁槽(2121)，所述导磁部(22)设于所述第一导磁槽(2111)和所述第二导磁槽(2121)中。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的电机，其中，所述导磁部(22)和所述转子铁芯(211)为一体件。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的电机，其中，所述转子铁芯(211)为斜极转子。
  20. 根据权利要求16所述的电机，其中，所述转子铁芯(211)的外周壁上设有沿所述轴向方向延伸的辅助槽。
  21. 根据权利要求15所述的电机，其中，所述导磁部(22)为多个，多个所述导磁部(22)沿所述转子(20)的周向方向间隔开。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电机，其中，每个所述导磁部(22)包括多个子导磁部，多个所述子导磁部沿所述转子(20)的径向方向和/或周向方向排布。
  23. 根据权利要求15所述的电机，其中，所述转子(20)具有多个磁极，每个磁极均设置有导磁部(22)。
  24. 根据权利要求15-23中任一项所述的电机，其中，所述导磁部(22)靠近所述导磁件(31)的一端伸出所述转子本体(21)，
    或，所述导磁部(22)靠近所述导磁件(31)的表面与所述转子本体(21)靠近所述导磁件(31)的表面齐平。
  25. 根据权利要求15-23中任一项所述的电机，其中，所述导磁部(22)为永磁件或软磁件；
    和/或，所述导磁件(31)为永磁件或软磁件。
  26. 根据权利要求15-23中任一项所述的电机，其中，所述调磁组件(30)还包括第一壳体(12)，所述第一壳体(12)的朝向所述转子(20)的一侧敞开，所述电机(100)还包括：
    第二壳体(13)，所述第二壳体(13)与所述第一壳体(12)合围形成壳体(10)；及
    定子(50)，所述定子(50)和所述转子(20)设于所述壳体(10)内，所述转子(20)设置于所述定子(50)的径向内侧和/或径向外侧。
  27. 一种车辆，其中，包括：电驱系统，所述电驱系统包括根据权利要求14-26中任一项所述的电机(100)。
PCT/CN2025/093230 2024-05-31 2025-05-07 调磁组件、电机及车辆 Pending WO2025246830A1 (zh)

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FR2536603A1 (fr) * 1982-11-24 1984-05-25 Paris & Du Rhone Alternateur a aimant permanent d'excitation, avec regulation a commande mecanique
CN107750418A (zh) * 2015-07-09 2018-03-02 大众汽车有限公司 带有磁通量削弱装置的电机
CN109586434A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-04-05 华中科技大学 一种机械调磁永磁电机
JP7039322B2 (ja) * 2018-02-22 2022-03-22 株式会社豊田中央研究所 可変界磁モータ

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2536603A1 (fr) * 1982-11-24 1984-05-25 Paris & Du Rhone Alternateur a aimant permanent d'excitation, avec regulation a commande mecanique
CN107750418A (zh) * 2015-07-09 2018-03-02 大众汽车有限公司 带有磁通量削弱装置的电机
JP7039322B2 (ja) * 2018-02-22 2022-03-22 株式会社豊田中央研究所 可変界磁モータ
CN109586434A (zh) * 2018-10-25 2019-04-05 华中科技大学 一种机械调磁永磁电机

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