WO2025246337A1 - Nfc模拟卡自动切换方法、移动终端、程序产品和控制器 - Google Patents

Nfc模拟卡自动切换方法、移动终端、程序产品和控制器

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Publication number
WO2025246337A1
WO2025246337A1 PCT/CN2024/142973 CN2024142973W WO2025246337A1 WO 2025246337 A1 WO2025246337 A1 WO 2025246337A1 CN 2024142973 W CN2024142973 W CN 2024142973W WO 2025246337 A1 WO2025246337 A1 WO 2025246337A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
card
nfc
channel
card reader
radio frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/142973
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张琦
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China Unionpay Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Unionpay Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by China Unionpay Co Ltd filed Critical China Unionpay Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025246337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025246337A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/18—Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/183—Processing at user equipment or user record carrier
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/24—Classification techniques
    • G06F18/241—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches
    • G06F18/2411—Classification techniques relating to the classification model, e.g. parametric or non-parametric approaches based on the proximity to a decision surface, e.g. support vector machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication

Definitions

  • This application relates to near-field communication technology, and more specifically, to NFC analog card automatic switching technology.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • a mobile terminal typically contains information on multiple analog cards that can communicate with trusted devices. In different scenarios, it's necessary to switch to the corresponding analog card to complete NFC communication.
  • scene identification primarily relies on methods such as geographic location, screen status, motion sensing information, and historical behavioral data. These methods have relatively low accuracy in identifying target scenes, especially in complex scenarios or those with variable geographic locations.
  • an automatic switching method for NFC analog cards is provided to solve at least one of the above problems.
  • the provided NFC analog card automatic switching method includes extracting the channel fingerprint features of the card reader when the card device enters the radio frequency field of the card reader; inputting the channel fingerprint features into a classification model; determining the application scenario based on the output of the classification model; and selecting a target card from the analog cards that corresponds to the determined application scenario.
  • extracting the channel fingerprint features of the card reader includes: receiving a preamble signal sent by the card reader; calculating the radio frequency channel features of the card reader based on the preamble signal; extracting the amplitude and phase of the channel features from the radio frequency channel features; and using the extracted amplitude and phase as the channel fingerprint features of the card reader.
  • Extracting the amplitude and phase of the channel features from the radio frequency channel features includes determining the amplitude and phase of the channel features according to the following formula:
  • h2 represents the channel characteristic of the card device
  • h0 represents the channel characteristic of the card reader
  • A0 represents the amplitude of the radio frequency channel characteristic
  • ⁇ 0 represents the phase of the radio frequency channel characteristic
  • the classification label of the classification model is set based on the production factors of the card reader.
  • a target card corresponding to a determined application scenario is selected from the NFC simulation cards, including obtaining the current application scenario of the NFC simulation card of the card device by the NFC management application of the card device; comparing the determined application scenario with the obtained current application scenario; if the comparison result is consistent, no switching is required; if the comparison result is inconsistent, switching is performed from the current simulation card used for the current application scenario to the target card; wherein, the current application scenario is the application scenario when the card device was swiped last time or is a set default application scenario.
  • a mobile terminal includes a memory for storing instructions; and a processor for executing the instructions, and, when executing the instructions, implementing any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described herein.
  • a program product including instructions that, when executed, implement any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described herein.
  • a non-temporary storage medium the storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, implement any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described herein.
  • an NFC controller is provided.
  • the controller is configured to execute program instructions for implementing any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described herein.
  • mobile terminals include mobile phones, tablets, smart wearable devices, and laptops, among which smart wearable devices include smart bracelets, smartwatches, and smart glasses.
  • Figure 1 is an exemplary illustration of an NFC analog card application environment
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an NFC analog card automatic switching method according to some embodiments of this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an NFC analog card automatic switching method according to some other embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal transmission path according to some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal 5 according to some embodiments of this application.
  • Figure 1 is an exemplary illustration of the application environment of an NFC emulator card. As shown in Figure 1, when a mobile terminal 20 equipped with an NFC emulator card is within the radio frequency field of a card reader 10, it communicates with the card reader 10 to select a card suitable for the current application scenario from among multiple NFC emulator cards stored in the mobile terminal 20 for card swiping.
  • Application scenarios include access control card swiping, public transportation card swiping, and life service card swiping (such as water, electricity, and gas cards). Different application scenarios correspond to different NFC analog cards.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an NFC analog card automatic switching method according to some embodiments of this application.
  • the method in the example shown in Figure 2 includes steps S200, S202, S204, and S206.
  • step S200 when the card device enters the radio frequency field of the card reader, the channel fingerprint feature of the card reader is extracted.
  • Card devices in examples but not limited to, include mobile terminals.
  • Mobile terminals include, for example, mobile phones, tablets, smart wearable devices, laptops, etc., where smart wearable devices include, for example, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart glasses, etc.
  • Card devices can be various electronic devices that can set up NFC emulated cards and interact with NFC card readers.
  • the card devices listed in the examples of this application are merely examples and are neither limited nor exhaustive.
  • each manufactured NFC card reader exhibits unique channel characteristics in its signal behavior at the physical layer. These channel characteristics are immediately apparent after the NFC card reader hardware is manufactured and do not change significantly over time; in other words, these channel characteristics are relatively constant. Embodiments of this application utilize these characteristics of radio frequency signals to identify different NFC devices, thereby identifying the usage scenario of the NFC device.
  • the card device when the card device enters the radio frequency field of the card reader, the card device receives a preamble signal emitted by the card reader. Based on the information carried by this preamble signal, the card device calculates the radio frequency channel characteristics of the card reader. For example, the card device extracts the amplitude and phase information of the radio frequency channel characteristics and uses both as the channel fingerprint characteristics of the card reader. It should be noted that in some other examples, one of the extracted amplitude and phase information of the radio frequency channel characteristics can be considered as the channel fingerprint characteristics of the card reader. In other examples, parameters other than the amplitude and phase information of the radio frequency channel characteristics can also be considered as channel fingerprint characteristics.
  • step S202 the channel fingerprint features are input into the classification model.
  • the classification model is a pre-trained model set up in the card reader device.
  • the classification model is pre-trained.
  • data representing the manufacturer of the card reader device, the production batch of the card reader device, and the usage scenario of the card reader device can all be used as training data for the classification model.
  • this data serves as category labels to classify the channel fingerprint characteristics of the card reader device.
  • This classification model can be based on algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM).
  • SVM Support Vector Machine
  • step S204 the application scenario is determined based on the output of the classification model.
  • the classification model After receiving the input channel fingerprint features, the classification model determines the category information of the channel fingerprint features and determines the application scenario of the card reader based on the category information.
  • step S206 select the target card corresponding to the determined application scenario from among the multiple NFC analog cards set in the card device, that is, select the card suitable for the determined application scenario.
  • the card device selects a target card corresponding to the determined application scenario from the NFC simulation card based on the determined application scenario information.
  • the card device achieves automatic card switching and can complete the card swiping process with the switched card. For example, if the determined application scenario is access control, the card device will retrieve the identification card used for that access control from the NFC simulation card to complete the access control card swiping identification.
  • the method described in this application allows the card device to determine the application scenario of the card reader based on channel fingerprint characteristics. Accordingly, it selects the appropriate simulated card from multiple NFC simulated cards for that application scenario. In this process, the user does not need to manually select an applicable card from multiple simulated cards; instead, the card device automatically selects the NFC simulated card, improving the user experience. Furthermore, because the entire process eliminates manual selection, it saves time and increases card-swiping efficiency.
  • FIG 3 is a flowchart of an NFC analog card automatic switching method according to some other embodiments of this application. The method shown in Figure 3 is illustrated in the application environment shown in Figure 1, by way of example and not limitation.
  • step S300 when the mobile terminal 20 enters the radio frequency field of the card reader 10, it receives the preamble signal sent by the card reader 10.
  • H represents the channel characteristics of the transmission channel
  • the preamble signal S is a pilot signal used for synchronization in existing communication protocols.
  • the value of S is known in advance between the signal transmitter and the signal receiver based on the protocol.
  • Y, S, and H are all vector data.
  • h0 , h1 , and h2 are the channel characteristics of the three parts: the RF signal transmitter, the RF signal intermediate transmission, and the RF signal receiver, respectively.
  • h0 is determined by the RF characteristics of the transmitting device as the signal transmitter
  • h2 is determined by the RF characteristics of the receiving device as the signal receiver.
  • the RF characteristics of each device can be obtained through channel correction or equivalent channel.
  • the signal transmitting device can be a card reader 10
  • the receiving device can be a mobile terminal 20 carrying an NFC analog card. Due to the short-range characteristics of NFC, the terminal 20 often needs to be placed close to the card reader 10 when swiping the card. Therefore, the signal is less affected and changes less during intermediate transmission.
  • h1 can be approximated as 1. Therefore, H can be approximately expressed as formula (3):
  • the mobile terminal 20, acting as the signal receiver, is aware of its channel characteristic h2 . Based on this, the mobile terminal 20 can obtain the channel characteristic h0 of the card reader, which acts as the radio frequency signal transmitter, through formula (3). As mentioned above, h0 is determined by the hardware of the signal transmitter. When the device acting as the signal transmitter is manufactured, the channel characteristic is determined, so it is referred to as the channel fingerprint.
  • the mobile terminal 20 calculates the radio frequency channel characteristics of the card reader 10 based on the preamble signal.
  • the channel characteristics of the transmission channel between the card reader and the card device can be calculated using formula (1), that is, the mobile terminal 20 calculates the channel characteristics H of the transmission channel between the card reader 10 and the mobile terminal 20 based on the preamble signal S sent by the card reader 10.
  • step S304 the mobile terminal 20 extracts the amplitude and phase of the channel features from the radio frequency channel features. Specifically, the mobile terminal 20 calculates the channel features of the card device according to formula (3). It can be understood that for the mobile terminal 20, which is a card reader, h2 representing the channel features of the card reader is known. Therefore, given that the channel features H and h2 have been calculated according to formula (1) and are known, h0 can be calculated using formula (3). Then, the amplitude A0 representing the radio frequency channel features and the phase ⁇ 0 representing the radio frequency channel features are determined according to the following formula (4):
  • the real part of h 0 can be taken as the amplitude A 0 and the imaginary part as the phase ⁇ 0 .
  • step S306 the mobile terminal 20 uses the determined amplitude A0 and phase ⁇ 0 as the channel fingerprint features of the card reader 10, thereby identifying the application scenario of the card reader 10. For example, the mobile terminal 20 identifies the card reader 10 as a subway gate based on the channel fingerprint features.
  • the NFC management application of mobile terminal 20 obtains the current application scenario of the NFC simulation card in mobile terminal 20.
  • the current application scenario refers to the application scenario corresponding to the card currently displayed in the NFC simulation card of mobile terminal 20.
  • the currently displayed card might be the card used during the previous card swipe by mobile terminal 20.
  • the current application scenario of mobile terminal 20 is a subway turnstile.
  • the currently displayed card could be a default card, in which case the current application scenario would also be the default setting.
  • step S310 the mobile terminal 20 compares the determined application scenario with the acquired current application scenario. If the comparison results are consistent, proceed to step S312; otherwise, proceed to step S314.
  • step S312 no switching is required. That is, the current application scenario of the NFC simulation card of the mobile terminal 20 is consistent with the determined scenario, and the current card in the NFC simulation card of the mobile terminal 20 can be directly used to interact with the card reader to complete the card swiping operation.
  • step S314 the current application scenario of the NFC simulation card of the mobile terminal 20 is inconsistent with the determined application scenario. Therefore, the mobile terminal 20 switches the current card in the NFC simulation card to the target card to adapt to the determined application scenario, thereby completing the card swiping operation.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mobile terminal 5 according to an example of this application.
  • the mobile terminal 5 includes a memory 50 and a processor 52.
  • the memory 50 stores instructions, and the processor 52 executes these instructions, implementing any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described above when executing the instructions.
  • the mobile terminal 5 can, for example, be implemented as the mobile terminal 20 described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • a controller configured to execute any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described above.
  • This controller may be, for example, a processor, in which executable program instructions are set to implement any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described above.
  • This controller may be located, for example, in mobile terminal 20 or mobile terminal 5.
  • a non-temporary storage medium wherein instructions are stored on the storage medium, which, when executed, implement any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described above.
  • a program product including instructions that, when executed, implement any of the NFC analog card automatic switching methods described above.
  • This program product is, for example, an NFC management program.

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Abstract

本申请提供NFC模拟卡自动切换方法、移动终端、程序产品和控制器。所提供的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，包括在卡片设备进入读卡设备的射频场时，提取所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征；将所述信道指纹特征输入分类模型；根据所述分类模型的输出确定应用场景；从所述NFC模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡。

Description

NFC模拟卡自动切换方法、移动终端、程序产品和控制器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2024年05月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410677011.7、申请名称为“NFC模拟卡自动切换方法、移动终端、程序产品和控制器”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及近场通信技术，更为具体地，涉及NFC模拟卡自动切换技术。
背景技术
近场通信(Near Field Communication，简称NFC)是一种新兴技术。使用NFC技术的设备(例如移动终端)可在彼此靠近的情况下进行数据交换。
基于NFC技术使用的方便性，通常一个移动终端中设置有能与信任设备通信的多种模拟卡信息，不同场景下需要切换到对应的模拟卡以完成NFC通信。对于场景的识别，当前主要是通过地理位置、屏幕状态、体感信息、历史行为数据等方式。这些方式对目标场景的识别精确度较低，尤其难以应对复杂场景或地理位置不固定的场景。
此外，以上这些基于应用层的识别，在时间上更靠近协议中应用选择阶段，此时执行相关判断逻辑，往往需要改变现有通信流程，例如需要用户等待判断结果，对用户体验有一定的影响。
发明内容
根据本申请的一些实施例，提供NFC模拟卡自动切换方法以解决以上问题中的至少一种。
所提供的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，包括在卡片设备进入读卡设备的射频场时，提取所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征；将所述信道指纹特征输入分类模型；根据所述分类模型的输出确定应用场景；从所述模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡。
根据本申请实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，可选地，提取所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征，包括：接收所述读卡设备发送的前导信号；根据所述前导信号计算所述读卡设备的射频信道特征；从所述射频信道特征提取信道特征的幅度和相位；将所提取的幅度和相位作为所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征。
根据本申请实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，可选地，根据所述前导信号计算所述读卡设备的射频信道特征信息,包括通过如下公式计算所述读卡设备的射频信道特征：
Y＝S*H
其中，Y表示所述卡片设备收到的所述读卡设备发送的信号；S表示所述前导信号；H表示所述读卡设备与所述卡片设备之间的传输信道的信道特征。
从所述射频信道特征提取信道特征的幅度和相位，包括根据如下公式确定所述信道特征的幅度和相位：
其中，h2表示所述卡片设备的信道特征；h0表示读卡设备的信道特征；A0表示所述射频信道特征的幅度；θ0表示所述射频信道特征的相位。
根据本申请实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，可选地，所述分类模型的分类标签基于所述读卡设备的生产因素设置。
根据本申请实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，可选地，从所述NFC模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡，包括由所述卡片设备的NFC管理应用获取该卡片设备的NFC模拟卡的当前应用场景；将所确定的应用场景与所获取的当前应用场景比较；在比较结果一致的情况下，无需切换；在比较结果不一致的情况下，从用于所述当前应用场景的当前模拟卡切换到所述目标卡；其中，所述当前应用场景为所述卡片设备前一次刷卡时的应用场景或为设置默认应用场景。
根据本申请的另外一些实施例，提供移动终端。该移动终端包括存储器，用于存储指令；处理器，用于执行所述指令，并在执行所述指令时实现在此所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。
根据本申请的另外一些实施例，提供程序产品，所述程序产品包括指令，所述指令在被执行时实现在此所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。
根据本申请的另外一些实施例，提供非暂存性存储介质，所述存储介质上存储有指令，所述指令在被执行时实现在此所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。
根据本申请的又一些实施例，提供NFC控制器。所述控制器配置为执行用于实现在此所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种的程序指令。
以上各示例中，移动终端例如为手机、平板、智能穿戴设备、笔记本电脑等，其中，智能穿戴设备例如为智能手环、智能手表、智能眼镜等。
附图说明
下文将结合附图详细说明本申请的实施方式，以便本申请可被更充分地理解，其中：
图1是NFC模拟卡应用环境图的示例性图示；
图2是根据本申请一些实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法的流程图；
图3是根据本申请另外一些实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法的流程图；
图4是根据本申请一些实施例的信号传输路径示意；
图5是根据本申请一些实施例的移动终端5的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下文将结合附图，对本申请实施方式进行更清楚、完整的描述。需要说明的是，所描述的实施方式只是本申请技术方案的部分实施实施方式，而非全部。本领域普通技术人员基于本申请文件所记载的实施方式，在无需付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都由本申请的保护范围所涵盖。
图1是NFC模拟卡的应用环境图的示例性图示。如图1所示，设置有NFC模拟卡的移动终端20在读卡设备10的射频场内时，与读卡设备10通信，以从设置在移动终端20中的多个NFC模拟卡中选择适用当下应用场景的卡片，进行刷卡。
应用场景例如为门禁刷卡、公共交通刷卡、生活服务刷卡(诸如水、电、煤气卡)等。不同的应用场景对应NFC模拟卡的卡片不同。
图2是根据本申请一些实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法的流程图。图2所示例子的方法包括步骤S200、步骤S202、步骤S204、以及步骤S206。
在步骤S200，在卡片设备进入读卡设备的射频场时，提取读卡设备的信道指纹特征。
卡片设备示例而非限制地包括移动终端。移动终端例如为手机、平板、智能穿戴设备、笔记本电脑等，其中，智能穿戴设备例如为智能手环、智能手表、智能眼镜等。卡片设备可以是设置NFC模拟卡并能与NFC读卡器交互的各类电子设备。本申请的例子中列举的卡片设备只是示例而非限制、亦非穷尽。
在NFC读卡设备制造过程中，受材料特性、加工工艺、装配误差等因素的影响，制造出的各NFC读卡设备在物理层的信号行为具备独特的信道特征。这种信道特征在NFC读卡设备硬件加工完成后即显现，且不随时间显著变化，也就是说这种信道特征相对恒定。本申请的实施例便采用射频信号的这种特征来识别不同的NFC设备，进而识别出该NFC设备的使用场景。
按照该示例，在卡片设备进入读卡设备的射频场时，卡片设备即接收到读卡设备发出的前导信号。卡片设备根据该前导信号承载的信息，计算读卡设备的射频信道特征。示例地，卡片设备提取射频信道特征的幅度和相位信息，将该两者作为该读卡设备的信道指纹特征。需要说明的是，在一些其他例子中，可考虑将所提取的射频信道特征的幅度和相位信息中的一个作为该读卡设备的信道指纹特征。在另外的例子中，也可考虑将射频信道特征的幅度和相位信息以外的其它参数作为信道指纹特征。
在步骤S202，将信道指纹特征输入分类模型。
分类模型是预先训练且设置在卡片设备中的模型。按照本实施例，该分类模型预先训练。在训练过程中，表示生产读卡设备的生产商、表示读卡设备的生产批次、表示读卡设备的使用场景等的数据都可作为该分类模型的训练数据。具体而言，这些数据作为类别标签来对读卡设备的信道指纹特征进行分类。该分类模型可基于支持向量机(SVM)等算法。
在步骤S204，根据分类模型的输出确定应用场景。
分类模型接收到输入的信道指纹特征之后，确定信道指纹特征的类别信息，并根据该类别信息确定该读卡设备的应用场景。
在步骤S206，从设置在卡片设备中的多个NFC模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡，也就是选择适用于所确定的应用场景的卡片。
该实施例中，卡片设备根据所确定的应用场景信息，从NFC模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡，由此，卡片设备实现了自动卡片切换并可以切换后的卡片完成刷卡。例如，所确定的应用场景为门禁，卡片设备便从NFC模拟卡中即调用用于该门禁的识别卡，完成门禁刷卡识别。
与用户进行NFC模拟卡刷卡时，需要手动在卡片设备上选取适用于特定应用场景的卡片相比，根据本申请示例的方法，卡片设备可根据信道指纹特征确定读卡设备所在的应用场景，据此，从多个NFC模拟卡中选取用于该应用场景的模拟卡。在这个过程中，用户无需手动地从多个模拟卡中选取适用卡片，而是由卡片设备实现NFC模拟卡片的自动选择，提升了用户体验，且因为整个过程免去了人工选择等操作，也节约了时间并提升了刷卡效率。
图3是根据本申请另外一些实施例的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法的流程图。示例而非限制地，以图3所示的方法在图1所示的应用环境中执行来进行说明。
在步骤S300，移动终端20进入到读卡设备10的射频场时，接收读卡设备10发送的前导信号。
根据通信的基本原理，假设发送端发送的前导信号为S，接收端接收到的信号为Y，则信号传输的过程可用公式(1)表示：
Y＝S*H          (1)
其中，H表示传输信道的信道特征，前导信号S是现有通信协议中用于同步的导频信号，信号发送端和信号接收端之间基于协议而预先已知S的值。作为示例，Y、S和H均为向量数据。
如图4所示，根据信号的传播路径，本实施例中的传输信道可进一步分解为射频(RF)信号发送端、中间传输和射频信号接收端三个部分。因此，H可进一步细化表示为公式(2)：
H＝h0*h1*h2             (2)
其中，j为0或1或2，h0、h1和h2分别为射频信号发送端、射频信号中间传输和射频信号接收端三个部分的信道特征；其中，h0由作为信号发送端的发送设备的射频特征决定，h2由作为信号接收端的接收设备的射频特征决定。在此，各设备的射频特征可以通过信道矫正或者等效信道的方式获取。该实施例中，信号发送设备可以是读卡设备10，接收设备可以是承载NFC模拟卡片的移动终端20。由于NFC的短距离特性，在刷卡时往往需要终端20贴向读卡设备10，因此信号在中间传输过程中受到的影响和产生的变化较小，h1可近似为1，因此H可以近似表示为公式(3)：
作为信号接收端的移动终端20已知其信道特征h2，据此，移动终端20便可通过公式(3)获得作为射频信号发送端的读卡设备的信道特征h0。如上文所提到的，h0由信号发送端的硬件决定，在作为信号发送端的设备制造完成时，信道特征即确定，所以在此称其为信道指纹。
在步骤S302，移动终端20根据前导信号计算读卡设备10的射频信道特征。具体而言，可通过公式(1)来计算读卡设备与卡片设备之间的传输信道的信道特征，即，移动终端20根据读卡设备10发送的前导信号S计算读卡设备10与移动终端20之间的传输信道的信道特征H。
在步骤S304，移动终端20从射频信道特征提取信道特征的幅度和相位。具体而言，移动终端20根据公式(3)计算卡片设备的信道特征，可以理解到，对于作为读卡设备的移动终端20而言，表示读卡设备信道特征的h2已知，因此，在已根据公式(1)计算出信道特征H以及h2已知的情况下，可由公式(3)计算出h0。进而根据如下公式(4)确定表示射频信道特征的幅度A0以及表示所述射频信道特征的相位θ0：
举例来说，在h0相当于复数的情况下，可将h0的实部作为幅度A0而虚部作为相位θ0。
在步骤S306，移动终端20将所确定的幅度A0和相位θ0作为读卡设备10的信道指纹特征，由此识别出读卡设备10的应用场景。例如，移动终端20根据信道指纹特征识别处读卡设备10为地铁闸机。
在步骤S308，移动终端20的NFC管理应用获取移动终端20中NFC模拟卡的当前应用场景。当前应用场景指的是移动终端20的NFC模拟卡中当前呈现的卡片所对应的应用场景。作为示例，当前呈现的卡片可能是移动终端20前一次刷卡时采用的卡片，例如，移动终端当前呈现的卡片为地铁卡，则移动终端20当前应用场景为地铁闸机，。作为替代，当前呈现的卡片可以是设置的默认卡片，则当前应用场景也为默认设置。
在步骤S310，移动终端20将所确定的应用场景与所获取的当前应用场景比较。在比较结果一致的情况下，进入到步骤S312，反之进入到步骤S314。
在步骤S312，无需切换。即，移动终端20的NFC模拟卡的当前应用场景与所确定的一致，可直接使用移动终端20的NFC模拟卡中的中的当前卡片与读卡设备交互以完成刷卡操作。
在步骤S314，移动终端20的NFC模拟卡的当前应用场景与所确定的应用场景不一致，因此，移动终端20将NFC模拟卡中的当前卡片切换为目标卡，以适应所确定的应用场景，从而完成刷卡操作。
图5是根据本申请示例的移动终端5的结构示意图。该移动终端5包括存储器50和处理器52。存储器50存储指令，处理器52执行该些指令并在执行指令时实现以上描述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。该移动终端5例如可实现为上文结合附图描述的移动终端20。
根据本申请的例子，还提供一种控制器，该控制器配置为可执行上文描述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。该控制器例如可以为处理器，可通过在该处理器中设置可执行的程序指令来实现上文描述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。该控制器例如可设置在移动终端20或移动终端5中。
根据本申请的例子，还提供非暂存性存储介质，所述存储介质上存储有指令，所述指令在被执行时实现上文描述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。
根据本申请的例子，还提供程序产品，所述程序产品包括指令，所述指令在被执行时实现上文描述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法中的任意一种。该程序产品例如为NFC管理程序。
虽然已详细示出并描述了本申请的具体实施例以说明本申请的原理，但应理解的是，本申请可以其它方式实施而不脱离这样的原理，例如本申请的各实施例/示例/例子的技术特征相互结合而形成新的实施方式。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种NFC模拟卡自动切换方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    在卡片设备进入读卡设备的射频场时，提取所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征；
    将所述信道指纹特征输入分类模型；
    根据所述分类模型的输出确定应用场景；
    从所述NFC模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，提取所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征，包括：
    接收所述读卡设备发送的前导信号；
    根据所述前导信号计算所述读卡设备的射频信道特征；
    从所述射频信道特征提取信道特征的幅度和相位；
    将所提取的幅度和相位作为所述读卡设备的信道指纹特征。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述前导信号计算所述读卡设备的射频信道特征信息,包括：
    通过如下公式计算所述读卡设备的射频信道特征：
    Y＝S*H
    其中，Y表示所述卡片设备收到的所述读卡设备发送的信号；S表示所述前导信号；H表示所述读卡设备与所述卡片设备之间的传输信道的射频信道特征。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述射频信道特征提取信道特征的幅度和相位，包括：
    根据如下公式确定所述信道特征的幅度和相位：

    其中，h2表示所述卡片设备的信道特征；h0表示读卡设备的信道特征；A0表示所述射频信道特征的幅度；θ0表示所述射频信道特征的相位。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述分类模型的分类标签基于所述读卡设备的生产因素设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，从所述NFC模拟卡中选择与所确定的应用场景对应的目标卡，包括：
    由所述卡片设备的NFC管理应用获取所述卡片设备中NFC模拟卡的当前应用场景；
    将所确定的应用场景与所获取的当前应用场景比较；
    在比较结果一致的情况下，无需切换；
    在比较结果不一致的情况下，从用于所述当前应用场景的当前模拟卡切换到所述目标卡；
    其中，所述当前应用场景为所述卡片设备前一次刷卡时的应用场景或为设置默认应用场景。
  7. 根据权利要求1到6中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述卡片设备为移动终端。
  8. 一种移动终端，其特征在于，所述移动终端包括：
    存储器，用于存储指令；
    处理器，用于执行所述指令，并在执行所述指令时实现根据权利要求1到权利要求6中任意一项所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法。
  9. 一种程序产品，其特征在于，所述程序产品包括指令，所述指令在被执行时实现根据权利要求1到权利要求6中任意一项所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法。
  10. 一种NFC控制器，其特征在于，所述控制器配置为执行用于实现根据权利要求1到权利要求6中任意一项所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法的程序指令。
  11. 一种非暂存性存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质上存储有指令，所述指令在被执行时实现根据权利要求1到权利要求6中任意一项所述的NFC模拟卡自动切换方法。
PCT/CN2024/142973 2024-05-28 2024-12-27 Nfc模拟卡自动切换方法、移动终端、程序产品和控制器 Pending WO2025246337A1 (zh)

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