WO2025240293A1

WO2025240293A1 - Thermal management system

Info

Publication number: WO2025240293A1
Application number: PCT/US2025/028843
Authority: WO
Inventors: Timothy C. Ernst
Original assignee: Cummins Inc
Current assignee: Cummins Inc
Priority date: 2024-05-15
Filing date: 2025-05-12
Publication date: 2025-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-15

Abstract

A thermal management system includes a condenser (112), an evaporator (114) in refrigerant receiving and providing communication with the condenser, a first coolant source (126,128,134) that provides a first portion of a coolant, a second coolant source (battery 136) that provides a second portion of the coolant, a first valve assembly (140), and a second valve assembly (150). The first valve assembly includes a first valve assembly first inlet (142) in coolant receiving communication with the first coolant source, a first valve assembly first outlet (144) in coolant providing communication with the condenser, a first valve assembly second inlet (146) in coolant receiving communication with the second coolant source, and a first valve assembly second outlet (148) in coolant providing communication with the evaporator. The second valve assembly includes a second valve assembly first inlet (152) in coolant receiving communication with the evaporator and a second valve assembly first outlet (154) in coolant providing communication with the second coolant source.

Description

THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001 ] The present application claims priority to United States Provisional Patent

Application No. 63/648,022, filed May 15, 2024 and the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates generally to thermal management systems.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Thermal management systems can include a refrigeration system to transfer heat among components of a vehicle system.

SUMMARY

[0004] In one embodiment, a thermal management system includes a condenser, an evaporator in refrigerant receiving and providing communication with the condenser, a first coolant source that provides a first portion of a coolant, a second coolant source that provides a second portion of the coolant, a first valve assembly, and a second valve assembly. The first valve assembly includes a first valve assembly first inlet in coolant receiving communication with the first coolant source, a first valve assembly first outlet in coolant providing communication with the condenser, a first valve assembly second inlet in coolant receiving communication with the second coolant source, and a first valve assembly second outlet in coolant providing communication with the evaporator. The second valve assembly includes a second valve assembly first inlet in coolant receiving communication with the evaporator, a second valve assembly first outlet in coolant providing communication with the second coolant source, a second valve assembly second inlet in coolant receiving communication with the condenser, and a second valve assembly second outlet in coolant providing communication with the first coolant source.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims, in which:

[0006] FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of a first thermal management system operating in an active cooling mode, according to an example embodiment;

[0007] FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of the first thermal management system operating in a heating mode;

[0008] FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram of the first thermal management system operating in a passive cooling mode;

[0009] FIG. 4 is a block schematic diagram of the first thermal management system having a stacked valve and operating in the active cooling mode, according to an example embodiment;

[0010] FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of the first thermal management system having the stacked valve and operating in the heating mode;

[0011] FIG. 6 is a block schematic diagram of a second thermal management system operating in the active cooling mode, according to an example embodiment;

[0012] FIG. 7 is a block schematic diagram of the second thermal management system operating in the heating mode;

[0013] FIG. 8 is a block schematic diagram of the second thermal management system operating in the passive cooling mode; [0014| FIG. 9 is a block schematic diagram of a third thermal management system operating in the active cooling mode, according to an example embodiment;

[0015] FIG. 10 is a block schematic diagram of the third thermal management system operating in the heating mode;

[0016] FIG. 11 is a block schematic diagram of the third thermal management system operating in the passive cooling mode; and

|0017] FIG. 12 is a block schematic diagram of a controller, according to an example embodiment.

|0018| It will be recognized that the Figures are schematic representations for purposes of illustration. The Figures are provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more implementations with the explicit understanding that the Figures will not be used to limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Following below are more detailed descriptions of various concepts related to, and implementations of, methods, apparatuses, and systems for a thermal management system. The various concepts introduced above and discussed in greater detail below can be implemented in any of a number of ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0020] FIGS. 1-3 illustrate a thermal management system 100. The thermal management system 100 comprises a condenser 112 and an evaporator 114 in refrigerant receiving and providing communication with the condenser 112. The thermal management system 100 further comprises a first coolant source 122 configured to provide a first portion of a coolant and a second coolant source 124 configured to provide a second portion of the coolant. The thermal management system 100 further comprises a first valve assembly 140 comprising a first valve assembly first inlet 142 in coolant receiving communication with the first coolant source 122, a first valve assembly first outlet 144 in coolant providing communication with the condenser 112, a first valve assembly second inlet 146 in coolant receiving communication with the second coolant source 124, and a first valve assembly second outlet 148 in coolant providing communication with the evaporator 114. The thermal management system 100 further comprises a second valve assembly 150 comprising a second valve assembly first inlet 152 in coolant receiving communication with the evaporator 114, a second valve assembly first outlet 154 in coolant providing communication with the second coolant source 124, a second valve assembly second inlet 156 in coolant receiving communication with the condenser 112, and a second valve assembly second outlet 158 in coolant providing communication with the first coolant source 122.

[9021 ] The thermal management system 100 (e.g., a first thermal management system, etc.) includes a refrigeration system 110. The refrigeration system 110 includes the condenser 112. The condenser 112 is configured to receive a refrigerant in a substantially vapor state (e.g., 51% or more of the refrigerant is in the vapor state, 90% or more of the refrigerant is in the vapor state, etc.), condense the refrigerant, and provide the refrigerant in a substantially liquid state (e.g., 51% or more of the refrigerant is in the liquid state, 90% or more of the refrigerant is in the liquid state, etc.).

[0022] The refrigeration system 110 further includes the evaporator 114. The evaporator 114 is configured to receive the refrigerant in at least one of a liquid state or a two-phase state, evaporate the refrigerant, and provide the refrigerant in a substantially vapor state.

[0023] The refrigeration system 110 further includes a compressor 116 disposed downstream of the evaporator 114 and upstream of the condenser 112. The compressor 116 is configured to receive the refrigerant from the evaporator 114, compress the refrigerant (e.g., reduce a volume of the refrigerant, etc.), and provide the refrigerant to the condenser 112.

[0024] The refrigeration system 110 further includes an expansion valve 118 disposed downstream of the condenser 112 and upstream of the evaporator 114. The expansion valve 118 is configured to receive the refrigerant at a first refrigerant pressure, expand the refrigerant (e.g., decrease pressure of the refrigerant, etc.), provide the refrigerant at a second refrigerant pressure less than the first refrigerant pressure.

[0025] The refrigeration system 110 can include a dryer 120. The dryer 120 can be disposed downstream of the condenser 112 and upstream of the evaporator 114. In some embodiments, the dryer 120 is disposed downstream of the condenser 112 and upstream of the expansion valve 118. The dryer 120 is configured to substantially remove or reduce moisture in the refrigerant.

[0026| The thermal management system 100 can include an electronic component 126 (e.g., an inverter, a motor, a power electronic, etc.). The electronic component 126 can generate heat when powered on and/or when operating at specific loads (e.g., a low load, a medium load, a high load, etc.). The electronic component 126 can be a component of a vehicle system that the thermal management system 100 is part of. The thermal management system 100 can include multiple of the electronic component 126.

[0027] In some embodiments, the vehicle system can be a fueled vehicle system that includes an engine (e.g., an internal combustion engine, etc.). In other embodiments, the vehicle system is an electric vehicle system (e.g., a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), a range extended BEV (BEVx), a fuel cell electric vehicle, etc.) that includes a motor. In yet other embodiments, the vehicle system is a hybrid vehicle system that includes the engine and the motor.

[0028] The thermal management system 100 can include a radiator 128 in coolant receiving communication with (e.g., disposed downstream of (i.e., relative to a flow path of the coolant, etc.), configured to receive the coolant from, etc.) the electronic component 126. The radiator 128 can be in coolant providing communication with (e.g., disposed upstream of (i.e., relative to the flow path of the coolant, etc.), configured to provide the coolant to, etc.) the first coolant source 122. The radiator 128 can be configured to cool the engine or the motor of the vehicle system. [0029| In some embodiments, the radiator 128 is configured to heat the coolant received from the electronic component 126. For example, the radiator 128 can heat the coolant received from the electronic component 126 when an ambient temperature (e.g., a temperature of an environment surrounding the radiator 128 and/or the vehicle system, etc.) is higher than a coolant temperature of the coolant. Therefore, the radiator 128 can heat the coolant based on the ambient environment, thereby increasing a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the vapor compression cycle of the thermal management system 100, as disclosed in more detail herein.

[0030] In some embodiments, the radiator 128 can be configured to cool the coolant received from the electronic component 126. For example, the radiator 128 can cool the coolant received from the electronic component 126 when the ambient temperature is lower than the coolant temperature of the coolant.

[0031] The thermal management system 100 can include a bypass valve 130 disposed downstream of the electronic component 126 and upstream of the radiator 128. The thermal management system 100 can further include a bypass line 132 fluidly coupled to the bypass valve 130 and the first coolant source 122. The bypass valve 130 is configured to selectively adjust a flowrate of the coolant received by the first coolant source 122 from the electronic component 126 via the bypass line 132.

[0032] The bypass valve 130 is operable between multiple positions, e.g., a first position, a second position, and a third position. For example, at the first position (i.e., a closed position), the bypass valve 130 allows a maximum amount of the coolant to flow from the electronic component 126 to the radiator 128 and prevents, or substantially prevents (e.g., allows a minimum amount of), the coolant from flowing from the electronic component 126 to the first coolant source 122 via the bypass line 132. At the second position (i.e., an open position), the bypass valve 130 allows a maximum amount of the coolant to flow from the electronic component 126 to the first coolant source 122 via bypass line 132 and prevents, or substantially prevents, the coolant from flowing from the electronic component 126 to the radiator 128, such that the coolant bypasses the radiator 128, thereby preventing, or substantially preventing, the coolant from being cooled by the radiator 128. At the third position (i.e., a partially open position, a partially closed position, etc.), the bypass valve 130 allows a portion of the coolant to flow from the electronic component 126 to the first coolant source 122 via the bypass line 132, thereby bypassing the radiator 128, and allows another portion of the coolant to flow from the electronic component 126 to the radiator 128.

|0033| In embodiments in which the vehicle system includes the engine, the thermal management system 100 can include an engine coolant source 134 in coolant providing communication with the first coolant source 122. The engine coolant source 134 is configured to provide heated coolant from the engine. The engine coolant source 134 can be fluidly coupled to, or be, a heater core of an engine refrigeration system of the engine. In some embodiments, alternative to, or in addition to, the engine coolant source 134, the vehicle system can run electric fans of the engine backwards to push hot engine radiator air towards the radiator 128 (e.g., thermal management system radiator, etc.).

(0034] The engine can be an internal combustion engine, such as a spark-ignition engine or a compression-ignition engine. Examples of the engine include a hydrogen engine, a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, a propane engine, a dual-fuel engine, a natural gas engine, etc. The engine is configured to receive a fluid mixture of fuel (e.g., hydrogen, diesel, gasoline, propane, natural gas, etc., or a combination of fuels) and air and combust the fluid mixture to produce energy that can be utilized by various outputs. For example, the engine can produce energy that is utilized to drive a movement member (e.g., wheel, tread, propeller, impeller, turbine, rotor, etc.) or power a generator. The engine can be implemented in a vehicle (e.g., truck, car, construction vehicle, freight vehicle, commercial vehicle, emergency vehicle, military vehicle, maritime vehicle, etc.) of the vehicle system.

(0035] The first coolant source 122 can be a first pump 123. The first pump 123 is configured to receive the first portion of the coolant (e.g., system coolant, etc.) from at least one of the second valve assembly second outlet 158, the electronic component 126, the radiator 128, or the engine coolant source 134, pressurize the first portion of the coolant, and provide the first portion of the coolant to the first valve assembly first inlet 142. In some embodiments, the first coolant source 122 includes at least one of the second valve assembly second outlet 158, the electronic component 126, the radiator 128, the engine coolant source 134, or the first pump 123 configured to receive and provide the first portion of the coolant.

[0036] The thermal management system 100 can include a battery 136 (e.g., an energy storage device, etc.). The battery 136 is configured to receive the coolant from the second valve assembly first outlet 154, heat (i.e., increase a temperature of (e.g., by transmitting heat)) or cool (i.e., decrease a temperature of (e.g., by absorbing heat)) the coolant, and provide the coolant (i.e., heated coolant, cooled coolant, etc.) to the second coolant source 124. The thermal management system 100 can include multiple of the battery 136.

|0037| The second coolant source 124 can be a second pump 125. The second pump 125 is configured to receive the second portion of the coolant (e.g., battery coolant, etc.) from the battery 136, pressurize the second portion of the coolant, and provide the second portion of the coolant to the first valve assembly second inlet 146. In some embodiments, the second coolant source 124 includes at least one of the battery 136 or the second pump 125 configured to receive and provide the second portion of the coolant.

|0038| The thermal management system 100 can include a heater 138 (e.g., a grid gas heater, a surface heater, a resistance heater, an electrical heater, etc.). The thermal management system 100 can include multiple of the heater 138. The heater 138 can be operable between an on-state, in which the heater 138 is configured to heat the coolant (i.e., increase a temperature of the coolant), and an off-state, in which the heater is configured to not heat the coolant (i.e., substantially maintain the temperature of the coolant).

|0O39] For example, in the on-state, the heater 138 is configured to receive the coolant from the second valve assembly first outlet 154, heat the coolant, and provide the coolant (i.e., heated coolant) to the battery 136. In the off-state, the heater 138 is configured to receive the coolant from the second valve assembly first outlet 154 and provide the coolant to the battery 136. [0040| In some embodiments, when the heater 138 is in the off-state, the COP of the thermal management system 100 is between approximately 1.5 to approximately 3.0, inclusive. In some embodiments, when the heater 138 is in the on-state, the COP of the thermal management system 100 is below 1.5. In some embodiments, when the heater 138 is in the off-state, the coolant can bypass the heater 138 (e.g., via a heater bypass valve and a heater bypass line, etc.) such that the battery 136 receives the coolant from the second valve assembly first outlet 154 while bypassing the heater 138.

[0041] The thermal management system 100 can be operable between various cooling modes (e.g., an active cooling mode, a passive cooling mode, etc.) and heating modes (e.g., a heating mode, an active heating mode, etc.), as disclosed herein. In the cooling modes, the thermal management system 100 is configured to cool the battery 136 below a first predetermined temperature. In the heating modes, the thermal management system 100 is configured to heat the battery 136 above a second predetermined temperature less than the first predetermined temperature. Cooling the battery 136 such that a temperature of the battery 136 is below the first predetermined temperature and heating the battery 136 such that the temperature of the battery 136 is above the second predetermined temperature (i.e., maintaining the temperature of the battery 136 between the first predetermined temperature and the second predetermined temperature, etc.) can improve or maintain an ability of the battery 136 to supply and accept current and/or improve a lifespan of the battery 136.

[0042] FIGS. 1 and 4 illustrate the thermal management system 100 operating in an active cooling mode. In the active cooling mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to operate the refrigeration system 110 such that at least some of the components of the refrigeration system 110 (e.g., the condenser 112, the evaporator 114, the compressor 116, the expansion valve 118, the dryer 120, etc.) are powered on or being utilized. In some embodiments, in the active cooling mode, the condenser 112, the evaporator 114, the compressor 116, and the expansion valve 118 are all powered on or being utilized. [0043| In the active cooling mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly 140 and the second valve assembly 150 such that the first valve assembly first inlet 142 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet 144, the first valve assembly second inlet 146 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet 148, the second valve assembly first inlet 152 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet 154, and the second valve assembly second inlet 156 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet 158.

[0044] FIGS. 2 and 5 illustrate the thermal management system 100 operating in the heating mode (e.g., the active heating mode). In the heating mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to operate the refrigeration system 110 such that at least some of the components of the refrigeration system 110 are powered on. In some embodiments, in the heating mode, the condenser 112, the evaporator 114, the compressor 116, and the expansion valve 118 are all powered on or utilized.

[0045] In the heating mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly 140 and the second valve assembly 150 such that the first valve assembly first inlet 142 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet 148, the first valve assembly second inlet 146 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet 144, the second valve assembly first inlet 152 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet 158, and the second valve assembly second inlet 156 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet 154.

[0046| FIG. 3 illustrates the thermal management system 100 operating in the passive cooling mode (e.g., a non-active cooling mode, etc.). In the passive cooling mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to operate the refrigeration system 110 such that at least some of the components of the refrigeration system 110 are powered off. In some embodiments, in the passive cooling mode, the condenser 112, the evaporator 114, the compressor 116, and the expansion valve 118 are all powered off or not being utilized.

[0047] In the passive cooling mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly 140 and the second valve assembly 150 such that the first valve assembly first inlet 142 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet 144, the first valve assembly second inlet 146 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet 148, the second valve assembly first inlet 152 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet 158, and the second valve assembly second inlet 156 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet 154.

|0048| In the passive cooling mode, the first coolant source 122 can be further configured to receive the first portion of the coolant and receive and provide the second portion of the coolant, such that the first coolant source 122 can be configured to receive and provide the first portion and the second portion of the coolant. In the passive cooling mode, the second coolant source 124 can be further configured to receive the second portion of the coolant and receive and provide the first portion of the coolant, such that the second coolant source 124 can be configured to receive and provide the second portion and the first portion of the coolant. In some embodiments, in the passive cooling mode, the first coolant source 122 is configured to receive and provide the first portion and the second portion of the coolant and the second coolant source 124 is configured to receive and provide the second portion and the first portion of the coolant.

10049] In some embodiments, in the passive cooling mode, the first valve assembly first inlet 142 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet 144 and the first valve assembly second outlet 148, the first valve assembly second inlet 146 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet 148 and the first valve assembly first outlet 144, the second valve assembly first inlet 152 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet 158 and the second valve assembly first outlet 154, and the second valve assembly second inlet 156 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet 154 and the second valve assembly second outlet 158. Further in these embodiments, the passive cooling mode can be performed using two 4-way valves (e.g., the first valve assembly 140, the second valve assembly 150, etc.) in which the valves are set to mid-stroke such as an inlet stream at each inlet (e.g., the first valve assembly first inlet 142, the first valve assembly second inlet 146, the second valve assembly first inlet 152, the second valve assembly second inlet 156, etc.) is released via two outlet streams using two outlets (e.g., the first valve assembly first outlet 144, the first valve assembly second outlet 148, the second valve assembly first outlet 154, the second valve assembly second outlet 158, etc.).

|0050| As illustrated in FIGS. 1-5, the first valve assembly 140 includes a first valve 160. The first valve 160 can be a 4-way valve. The first valve 160 can include a first valve first inlet 162, a first valve first outlet 164, a first valve second inlet 166, and a first valve second outlet 168. The second valve assembly 150 includes a second valve 170. The second valve 170 can be a 4-way valve. The second valve 170 can include a second valve first inlet 172, a second valve first outlet 174, a second valve second inlet 176, and a second valve second outlet 178.

[00511 In the active cooling mode, the heating mode, and the passive cooling mode, the first valve first inlet 162 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 142, the first valve first outlet 164 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 144, the first valve second inlet 166 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 146, the first valve second outlet 168 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 148, the second valve first inlet 172 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 152, the second valve first outlet 174 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 154, the second valve second inlet 176 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 156, and the second valve second outlet 178 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 158.

[0052] For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 4, in the active cooling mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve 160 and the second valve 170 such that the first valve first inlet 162 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve first outlet 164, the first valve second inlet 166 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve second outlet 168, the second valve first inlet 172 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve first outlet 174, and the second valve second inlet 176 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve second outlet 178.

|0053| As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5, in the heating mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve 160 and the second valve 170 such that the first valve first inlet 162 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve second outlet 168, the first valve second inlet 166 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve first outlet 164, the second valve first inlet 172 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve second outlet 178, and the second valve second inlet 176 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve first outlet 174.

[0054| As illustrated in FIG. 3, in the passive cooling mode, the thermal management system 100 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve 160 and the second valve 170 such that the first valve first inlet 162 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve first outlet 164, the first valve second inlet 166 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve second outlet 168, the second valve first inlet 172 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve second outlet 178, and the second valve second inlet 176 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve first outlet 174.

[0055] As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the thermal management system 100 can include a common shaft 180 between the first valve 160 and the second valve 170, such that the first valve 160 and the second valve 170 can be considered a single double staked valve (e.g., a double stacked 4-way valve, etc.). The common shaft 180 can actuate the first valve 160 and the second valve 170 simultaneously.

[0056[ FIGS. 6-8 illustrate a second thermal management system 200. The description disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100 can be applied to the second thermal management system 200, unless indicated otherwise. For example, similar to the thermal management system 100, the second thermal management system 200 includes a refrigeration system 210 that can include a condenser 212, an evaporator 214, a compressor 216, an expansion valve 218, and/or a dryer 220 that are similar to those disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100. Additionally, similar to the thermal management system 100, the second thermal management system 200 includes a first coolant source 222, a second coolant source 224, an electronic component 226, a radiator 228, a bypass valve 230, a bypass line 232, an engine coolant source 234, a battery 236, and/or a heater 238 that are similar to those disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100. Furthermore, similar to the thermal management system 100, the second thermal management system 200 includes a first valve assembly 240 that includes a first valve assembly first inlet 242, a first valve assembly first outlet 244, a first valve assembly second inlet 246, and a first valve assembly second outlet 248, and a second valve assembly 250 that includes a second valve assembly first inlet 252, a second valve assembly first outlet 254, a second valve assembly second inlet 256, and a second valve assembly second outlet 258 that are similar to those disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100.

[0057] As illustrated in FIGS. 6-8, the first valve assembly 240 includes a first valve assembly first valve 260. The first valve assembly first valve 260 can be a 3-way valve. The first valve assembly first valve 260 can include a first valve assembly first valve first inlet 262, a first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264, and a first valve assembly first valve second inlet 266. The first valve assembly 240 further includes a first valve assembly second valve 268. The first valve assembly second valve 268 can be a 3 -way valve. The first valve assembly second valve 268 can include a first valve assembly second valve first inlet 270, a first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272, and a first valve assembly second valve second inlet 274.

|0058[ As illustrated in FIGS. 6-8, the second valve assembly 250 includes a second valve assembly first valve 276. The second valve assembly first valve 276 can be a 3-way valve. The second valve assembly first valve 276 can include a second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278, a second valve assembly first valve first outlet 280, and a second valve assembly first valve second outlet 282. The second valve assembly 250 further includes a second valve assembly second valve 284. The second valve assembly second valve 284 can be a 3-way valve. The second valve assembly second valve 284 can include a second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286, a second valve assembly second valve first outlet 288, and a second valve assembly second valve second outlet 290.

[0059] In the active cooling mode, the first valve assembly first valve first inlet 262 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 242, the first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 244, the first valve assembly second valve first inlet 270 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 246, the first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 248, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 252, the second valve assembly first valve first outlet 280 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 254, the second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 256, and the second valve assembly second valve first outlet 288 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 258.

[0060] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, in the active cooling mode, the second thermal management system 200 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly first valve 260, the first valve assembly second valve 268, the second valve assembly first valve 276, and the second valve assembly second valve 284 such that the first valve assembly first valve first inlet 262 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264, the first valve assembly second valve first inlet 270 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve first outlet 280, and the second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve first outlet 288.

[0061] In the heating mode, the first valve assembly second valve second inlet 274 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 242, the first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 244, the first valve assembly first valve second inlet 266 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 246, the first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 248, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 252, the second valve assembly second valve second outlet 290 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 254, the second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 256, and the second valve assembly first valve second outlet 282 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 258.

[0062] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, in the heating mode, the second thermal management system 200 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly first valve 260, the first valve assembly second valve 268, the second valve assembly first valve 276, and the second valve assembly second valve 284 such that the first valve assembly first valve second inlet 266 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264, the first valve assembly second valve second inlet 274 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve second outlet 282, and the second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve second outlet 290.

[0063] In the passive cooling mode, the first valve assembly first valve first inlet 262 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 242, the first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 244, the first valve assembly second valve first inlet 270 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 246, the first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 248, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 252, the second valve assembly second valve second outlet 290 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 254, the second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 256, and the second valve assembly first valve second outlet 282 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 258.

[0064] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 8, in the passive cooling mode, the second thermal management system 200 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly first valve 260, the first valve assembly second valve 268, the second valve assembly first valve 276, and the second valve assembly second valve 284 such that the first valve assembly first valve first inlet 262 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve first outlet 264, the first valve assembly second valve first inlet 270 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve first outlet 272, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet 278 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve second outlet 282, and the second valve assembly second valve first inlet 286 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve second outlet 290.

(0065] FIGS. 9-11 illustrate a third thermal management system 300. The description disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100 can be applied to the third thermal management system 300, unless indicated otherwise. For example, similar to the thermal management system 100, the third thermal management system 300 includes a refrigeration system 310 that can include a condenser 312, an evaporator 314, a compressor 316, an expansion valve 318, and/or a dryer 320 that are similar to those disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100. Additionally, similar to the thermal management system 100, the third thermal management system 300 includes a first coolant source 322, a second coolant source 324, an electronic component 326, a radiator 328, a bypass valve 330, a bypass line 332, an engine coolant source 334, a battery 336, and/or a heater 338 that are similar to those disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100. Furthermore, similar to the thermal management system 100, the third thermal management system 300 includes a first valve assembly 340 that includes a first valve assembly first inlet 342, a first valve assembly first outlet 344, a first valve assembly second inlet 346, and a first valve assembly second outlet 348, and a second valve assembly 350 that includes a second valve assembly first inlet 352, a second valve assembly first outlet 354, a second valve assembly second inlet 356, and a second valve assembly second outlet 358 that are similar to those disclosed herein with respect to the thermal management system 100.

[0066] As illustrated in FIGS. 9-11, the first valve assembly 340 includes a first valve assembly first valve 360. The first valve assembly first valve 360 can be a 2-way valve. The first valve assembly first valve 360 can include a first valve assembly first valve inlet 362 and a first valve assembly first valve outlet 364. The first valve assembly 240 further includes a first valve assembly second valve 366. The first valve assembly second valve 366 can be a 2-way valve. The first valve assembly second valve 366 can include a first valve assembly second valve inlet 368 and a first valve assembly second valve outlet 370. The first valve assembly 240 further includes a first valve assembly third valve 372. The first valve assembly third valve 372 can be a 2 -way valve. The first valve assembly third valve 372 can include a first valve assembly third valve inlet 374 and a first valve assembly third valve outlet 376. The first valve assembly 240 further includes a first valve assembly fourth valve 378. The first valve assembly fourth valve 378 can be a 2-way valve. The first valve assembly fourth valve 378 can include a first valve assembly fourth valve inlet 380 and a first valve assembly fourth valve outlet 382.

[0067] As illustrated in FIGS. 9-11, the second valve assembly 350 includes a second valve assembly first valve 384. The second valve assembly first valve 384 can be a 2-way valve. The second valve assembly first valve 384 can include a second valve assembly first valve inlet 386 and a second valve assembly first valve outlet 388. The second valve assembly 350 further includes a second valve assembly second valve 390. The second valve assembly second valve 390 can be a 2-way valve. The second valve assembly second valve 390 can include a second valve assembly second valve inlet 392 and a second valve assembly second valve outlet 394. The second valve assembly 350 further includes a second valve assembly third valve 396. The second valve assembly third valve 396 can be a 2-way valve. The second valve assembly third valve 396 can include a second valve assembly third valve inlet 398 and a second valve assembly third valve outlet 400. The second valve assembly 350 further includes a second valve assembly fourth valve 402. The second valve assembly fourth valve 402 can be a 2-way valve. The second valve assembly fourth valve 402 can include a second valve assembly fourth valve inlet 404 and a second valve assembly fourth valve outlet 406.

[0068] In the active cooling mode, the first valve assembly first valve inlet 362 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 342, the first valve assembly first valve outlet 364 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 344, the first valve assembly second valve inlet 368 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 346, the first valve assembly second valve outlet 370 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 348, the second valve assembly first valve inlet 386 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 352, the second valve assembly first valve outlet 388 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 354, the second valve assembly second valve inlet 392 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 356, and the second valve assembly second valve outlet 394 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 358.

[0069] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9, in the active cooling mode, the third thermal management system 300 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly first valve 360, the first valve assembly second valve 366, the first valve assembly third valve 372, the first valve assembly fourth valve 378, the second valve assembly first valve 384, the second valve assembly second valve 390, the second valve assembly third valve 396, and the second valve assembly fourth valve 402 such that the first valve assembly first valve inlet 362 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve outlet 364, the first valve assembly second valve inlet 368 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve outlet 370, the second valve assembly first valve inlet 386 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve outlet 388, and the second valve assembly second valve inlet 392 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve outlet 394.

[0070] In the heating mode, the first valve assembly third valve inlet 374 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 342, the first valve assembly fourth valve outlet 382 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 344, the first valve assembly fourth valve inlet 380 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 346, the first valve assembly third valve outlet 376 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 348, the second valve assembly third valve inlet 398 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 352, the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet 406 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 354, the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet 404 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 356, and the second valve assembly third valve outlet 400 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 358.

[00711 For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, in the heating mode, the third thermal management system 300 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly first valve 360, the first valve assembly second valve 366, the first valve assembly third valve 372, the first valve assembly fourth valve 378, the second valve assembly first valve 384, the second valve assembly second valve 390, the second valve assembly third valve 396, and the second valve assembly fourth valve 402 such that the first valve assembly third valve inlet 374 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly third valve outlet 376, the first valve assembly fourth valve inlet 380 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly fourth valve outlet 382, the second valve assembly third valve inlet 398 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly third valve outlet 400, and the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet 404 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet 406.

[0072] In the passive cooling mode, the first valve assembly first valve inlet 362 operates as the first valve assembly first inlet 342, the first valve assembly first valve outlet 364 operates as the first valve assembly first outlet 344, the first valve assembly second valve inlet 368 operates as the first valve assembly second inlet 346, the first valve assembly second valve outlet 370 operates as the first valve assembly second outlet 348, the second valve assembly third valve inlet 398 operates as the second valve assembly first inlet 352, the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet 406 operates as the second valve assembly first outlet 354, the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet 404 operates as the second valve assembly second inlet 356, and the second valve assembly third valve outlet 400 operates as the second valve assembly second outlet 358. ]0073| For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, in the passive cooling mode, the third thermal management system 300 is configured to control valves and/or valve positions of the first valve assembly first valve 360, the first valve assembly second valve 366, the first valve assembly third valve 372, the first valve assembly fourth valve 378, the second valve assembly first valve 384, the second valve assembly second valve 390, the second valve assembly third valve 396, and the second valve assembly fourth valve 402 such that the first valve assembly first valve inlet 362 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve outlet 364, the first valve assembly second valve inlet 368 is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve outlet 370, the second valve assembly third valve inlet 398 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly third valve outlet 400, and the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet 404 is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet 406.

[0074] As illustrated in FIG. 12, the thermal management system 100, the second thermal management system 200, and/or the third thermal management system 300 can include a controller 500. The controller 500 is electrically or communicatively coupled to other components of the thermal management system 100, the second thermal management system 200, and/or the third thermal management system 300 and is configured to control operations of the electrically coupled components.

[0075] For example, controller 500 can be electrically or communicatively coupled to the refrigeration system 110 (e.g., the condenser 112, the evaporator 114, the compressor 116, the expansion valve 118, the dryer 120, etc.), the refrigeration system 210 (e.g., the condenser 212, the evaporator 214, the compressor 216, the expansion valve 218, the dryer 220, etc.), the refrigeration system 310 (e.g., the condenser 312, the evaporator 314, the compressor 316, the expansion valve 318, the dryer 320, etc.), the first pump 123, the first pump 223, the first pump 323, the second pump 125, the second pump 225, the second pump 325, the electronic component 126, the electronic component 226, the electronic component 326, the radiator 128, the radiator 228, the radiator 328, the engine coolant source 134, the engine coolant source 234, the engine coolant source 334, the battery 136, the battery 236, the battery 336, the heater 138, the heater 238, the heater 338, the first valve assembly 140 (e.g., the first valve 160, etc.), the first valve assembly 240 (e.g., the first valve assembly first valve 260, the first valve assembly second valve 268, etc.), the first valve assembly 340 (e.g., the first valve assembly first valve 360, the first valve assembly second valve 366, the first valve assembly third valve 372, the first valve assembly fourth valve 378, etc.), the second valve assembly 150 (e.g., the second valve 170, etc.), the second valve assembly 250 (e.g., the second valve assembly first valve 276, the second valve assembly second valve 284, etc.), the second valve assembly 350 (e.g., the second valve assembly first valve 384, the second valve assembly second valve 390, the second valve assembly third valve 396, the second valve assembly fourth valve 402, etc.), and the common shaft 180 (e.g., a motor coupled to the common shaft 180 and configured to rotate the common shaft 180, etc.).

[9076] The controller 500 includes a processing circuit 510. The processing circuit 510 includes a processor 520 and a memory 530. The processor 520 can include a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc., or combinations thereof. The memory 530 can include, but is not limited to, electronic, optical, magnetic, or any other storage or transmission device capable of providing a processor, ASIC, FPGA, etc. with program instructions. This memory 530 can include a memory chip, Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, or any other suitable memory from which the controller 500 can read instructions. The instructions can include code from any suitable programming language. The memory 530 can include various modules that include instructions which are configured to be implemented by the processor 520.

[0077] In some embodiments, the controller 500 is configured to communicate with a central controller (e.g., engine control unit (ECU), engine control module (ECM), etc.) of an engine system associated with the thermal management system 100 (e.g., the engine system of the vehicle system, within the same vehicle as the thermal management system 100, etc.). In some embodiments, the central controller and the controller 500 are integrated into a single controller. [0078| In some embodiments, the central controller is communicable with a display device (e.g., screen, monitor, touch screen, heads up display (HUD), indicator light, etc.). The display device can be configured to change state in response to receiving information from the central controller and/or the controller 500. For example, the display device can be configured to change between a static state (e.g., displaying a green light, displaying a “SYSTEM OK” message, etc.) and an alarm state (e.g., displaying a blinking red light, displaying a “SERVICE NEEDED” message, etc.) based on a communication from the central controller and/or the controller 500. By changing state, the display device can provide an indication to a user (e.g., operator, etc.) of a status (e.g., operation, in need of service, etc.) of the engine system and/or the thermal management system 100.

]0079| The controller 500 can be configured to determine coolant temperature values of the coolant based on temperature signals received from temperature sensors. At least one of the temperature sensors can be disposed upstream of a battery (e.g., the battery 136, the battery 236, the battery 336, etc.). The controller 500 can, in response to determining that a coolant temperature value of the coolant temperature values is less than a temperature threshold while a heater (e.g., the heater 138, the heater 238, the heater 338, etc.) is in the off-state, set the heater to the on-state to increase the coolant temperature value.

[0080] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of what can be claimed but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations. Certain features described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features can be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination can be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination. [00811 As utilized herein, “substantially,” “generally,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

[ 0082] The term “coupled” and the like, as used herein, mean the joining of two components directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining can be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining can be achieved with the two components or the two components and any additional intermediate components being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another, with the two components, or with the two components and any additional intermediate components being attached to one another.

[0083] The terms “fluidly coupled to” and the like, as used herein, mean the two components or objects have a pathway formed between the two components or objects in which a fluid, such as air, treatment fluid, an air-treatment fluid mixture, exhaust, hydrocarbon fluid, an airhydrocarbon fluid mixture, can flow, either with or without intervening components or objects. Examples of fluid couplings or configurations for enabling fluid communication can include piping, channels, or any other suitable components for enabling the flow of a fluid from one component or object to another.

[0084] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the system shown in the various example implementations is illustrative only and not restrictive in character. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit and/or scope of the described implementations are desired to be protected. It should be understood that some features may not be necessary, and implementations lacking the various features can be contemplated as within the scope of the application, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. When the language “a portion” is used, the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.

[0085] Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. can be either X, Y, Z, X and Y, X and Z, Y and Z, or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z to each be present, unless otherwise indicated.

|0086| Additionally, the use of ranges of values (e.g., W1 to W2, etc.) herein are inclusive of their maximum values and minimum values (e.g., W1 to W2 includes W1 and includes W2, etc.), unless otherwise indicated. Furthermore, a range of values (e.g., W1 to W2, etc.) does not necessarily require the inclusion of intermediate values within the range of values (e.g., W1 to W2 can include only W1 and W2, etc.), unless otherwise indicated.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A thermal management system comprising: a condenser; an evaporator in refrigerant receiving and providing communication with the condenser; a first coolant source configured to provide a first portion of a coolant; a second coolant source configured to provide a second portion of the coolant; a first valve assembly comprising: a first valve assembly first inlet in coolant receiving communication with the first coolant source, a first valve assembly first outlet in coolant providing communication with the condenser, a first valve assembly second inlet in coolant receiving communication with the second coolant source, and a first valve assembly second outlet in coolant providing communication with the evaporator; and a second valve assembly comprising: a second valve assembly first inlet in coolant receiving communication with the evaporator, a second valve assembly first outlet in coolant providing communication with the second coolant source, a second valve assembly second inlet in coolant receiving communication with the condenser, and a second valve assembly second outlet in coolant providing communication with the first coolant source.

2. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the first coolant source comprises at least one of an electronic component, a radiator, an engine coolant source, or a first pump configured to receive and provide the first portion of the coolant; and the second coolant source comprises at least one of a battery or a second pump configured to receive and provide the second portion of the coolant.

3. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, in a passive cooling mode: the first coolant source is configured to receive and provide the first portion and the second portion of the coolant; and the second coolant source is configured to receive and provide the second portion and the first portion of the coolant.

4. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, in an active cooling mode: the first valve assembly first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet; and the second valve assembly second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet.

5. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, in a heating mode: the first valve assembly first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet; the first valve assembly second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet; the second valve assembly first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet; and the second valve assembly second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet.

6. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, in a passive cooling mode: the first valve assembly first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second outlet; and the second valve assembly second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first outlet.

7. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the first valve assembly comprises a 4-way valve; and the second valve assembly comprises a 4-way valve.

8. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the first valve assembly comprises: a first valve assembly first valve including a first valve assembly first valve first inlet, a first valve assembly first valve first outlet, and a first valve assembly first valve second inlet, and a first valve assembly second valve including a first valve assembly second valve first inlet, a first valve assembly second valve first outlet, and a first valve assembly second valve second inlet; and the second valve assembly comprises: a second valve assembly first valve including a second valve assembly first valve first inlet, a second valve assembly first valve first outlet, and a second valve assembly first valve second outlet, and a second valve assembly second valve including a second valve assembly second valve first inlet, a second valve assembly second valve first outlet, and a second valve assembly second valve second outlet.

9. The thermal management system of claim 8, wherein, in an active cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve first inlet operates as the first valve assembly first inlet; the first valve assembly first valve first outlet operates as the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve first inlet operates as the first valve assembly second inlet; the first valve assembly second valve first outlet operates as the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly first valve first inlet operates as the second valve assembly first inlet; the second valve assembly first valve first outlet operates as the second valve assembly first outlet; the second valve assembly second valve first inlet operates as the second valve assembly second inlet; and the second valve assembly second valve first outlet operates as the second valve assembly second outlet.

10. The thermal management system of claim 9, wherein, in the active cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve first outlet; the second valve assembly first valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve first outlet; and the second valve assembly second valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve first outlet.

11. The thermal management system of claim 8, wherein, in a heating mode: a first valve assembly second valve second inlet operates as the first valve assembly first inlet, a first valve assembly first valve first outlet operates as the first valve assembly first outlet, the first valve assembly first valve second inlet operates as the first valve assembly second inlet, the first valve assembly second valve first outlet operates as the first valve assembly second outlet, the second valve assembly first valve first inlet operates as the second valve assembly first inlet, the second valve assembly second valve second outlet operates as the second valve assembly first outlet, the second valve assembly second valve first inlet operates as the second valve assembly second inlet, and the second valve assembly first valve second outlet operates as the second valve assembly second outlet.

12. The thermal management system of claim 11, wherein, in the heating mode: the first valve assembly first valve second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve second inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve first outlet; the second valve assembly first valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve second outlet; and the second valve assembly second valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve second outlet.

13. The thermal management system of claim 8, wherein, in a passive cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve first inlet operates as the first valve assembly first inlet; the first valve assembly first valve first outlet operates as the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve first inlet operates as the first valve assembly second inlet; the first valve assembly second valve first outlet operates as the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly first valve first inlet operates as the second valve assembly first inlet; the second valve assembly second valve second outlet operates as the second valve assembly first outlet; the second valve assembly second valve first inlet operates as the second valve assembly second inlet; and the second valve assembly first valve second operates as the second valve assembly second outlet.

14. The thermal management system of claim 13, wherein, in the passive cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve first outlet; the second valve assembly first valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve second outlet; and the second valve assembly second valve first inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve second outlet.

15. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the first valve assembly comprises: a first valve assembly first valve including a first valve assembly first valve inlet and a first valve assembly first valve outlet, a first valve assembly second valve including a first valve assembly second valve inlet and a first valve assembly second valve outlet, a first valve assembly third valve including a first valve assembly third valve inlet and a first valve assembly third valve outlet, and a first valve assembly fourth valve including a first valve assembly fourth valve inlet and a first valve assembly fourth valve outlet; and the second valve assembly comprises: a second valve assembly first valve including a second valve assembly first valve inlet and a second valve assembly first valve outlet, a second valve assembly second valve including a second valve assembly second valve inlet and a second valve assembly second valve outlet, a second valve assembly third valve including a second valve assembly third valve inlet and a second valve assembly third valve outlet, and a second valve assembly fourth valve including a second valve assembly fourth valve inlet and a second valve assembly fourth valve outlet .

16. The thermal management system of claim 15, wherein, in an active cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve inlet operates as the first valve assembly first inlet; the first valve assembly first valve outlet operates as the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve inlet operates as the first valve assembly second inlet; the first valve assembly second valve outlet operates as the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly first valve inlet operates as the second valve assembly first inlet; the second valve assembly first valve outlet operates as the second valve assembly first outlet; the second valve assembly second valve inlet operates as the second valve assembly second inlet; and the second valve assembly second valve outlet operates as the second valve assembly second outlet.

17. The thermal management system of claim 16, wherein, in the active cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve outlet; the first valve assembly second valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve outlet; the second valve assembly first valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly first valve outlet; and the second valve assembly second valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly second valve outlet.

18. The thermal management system of claim 15, wherein, in a heating mode: the first valve assembly third valve inlet operates as the first valve assembly first inlet; the first valve assembly fourth valve outlet operates as the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly fourth valve inlet operates as the first valve assembly second inlet; the first valve assembly third valve outlet operates as the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly third valve inlet operates as the second valve assembly first inlet; the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet operates as the second valve assembly first outlet; the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet operates as the second valve assembly second inlet; and the second valve assembly third valve outlet operates as the second valve assembly second outlet.

19. The thermal management system of claim 18, wherein, in the heating mode: the first valve assembly third valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly third valve outlet; the first valve assembly fourth valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly fourth valve outlet; the second valve assembly third valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly third valve outlet; and the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet.

20. The thermal management system of claim 15, wherein, in a passive cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve inlet operates as the first valve assembly first inlet; the first valve assembly first valve outlet operates as the first valve assembly first outlet; the first valve assembly second valve inlet operates as the first valve assembly second inlet; the first valve assembly second valve outlet operates as the first valve assembly second outlet; the second valve assembly third valve inlet operates as the second valve assembly first inlet; the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet operates as the second valve assembly first outlet; the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet operates as the second valve assembly second inlet; and the second valve assembly third valve outlet operates as the second valve assembly second outlet.

21. The thermal management system of claim 20, wherein, in the passive cooling mode: the first valve assembly first valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly first valve outlet; the first valve assembly second valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the first valve assembly second valve outlet; the second valve assembly third valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly third valve outlet; and the second valve assembly fourth valve inlet is in coolant providing communication with the second valve assembly fourth valve outlet.

22. The thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a common shaft coupled between the first valve assembly and the second valve assembly, the common shaft configured to actuate the first valve assembly and the second valve assembly simultaneously.