WO2025231995A1 - 一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法

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Publication number
WO2025231995A1
WO2025231995A1 PCT/CN2024/106637 CN2024106637W WO2025231995A1 WO 2025231995 A1 WO2025231995 A1 WO 2025231995A1 CN 2024106637 W CN2024106637 W CN 2024106637W WO 2025231995 A1 WO2025231995 A1 WO 2025231995A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipe
support
real
grouting
displacement sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/106637
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张修峰
陈洋
蔡辉
尹延春
甄国伟
赵同彬
董春雨
刘海全
王绪友
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yankuang Energy Ordos Co Ltd
Yankuang Xinjiang Chemical Co Ltd
Shandong University of Science and Technology
Shandong Energy Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Yankuang Energy Ordos Co Ltd
Yankuang Xinjiang Chemical Co Ltd
Shandong University of Science and Technology
Shandong Energy Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yankuang Energy Ordos Co Ltd, Yankuang Xinjiang Chemical Co Ltd, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong Energy Group Co Ltd filed Critical Yankuang Energy Ordos Co Ltd
Priority to US18/892,431 priority Critical patent/US12467363B1/en
Publication of WO2025231995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025231995A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of monitoring the movement of rock strata on the top of mines, and more specifically to a device and method for real-time monitoring the movement trajectory of rock strata on the top of mines.
  • roof strata monitoring in coal mines includes column-mounted roof displacement sensors, borehole television surveillance, and double-end water shut-off methods.
  • installing column-mounted roof displacement sensors in the backfilled goaf area allows for continuous monitoring of the subsidence rate and settlement displacement of the roof strata.
  • this method has drawbacks: it requires high stability of the floor at the installation location, as well as protection of communication lines and equipment, and it is only suitable for monitoring the surface displacement of the roof strata within the backfilled goaf area.
  • High-resolution borehole television imaging of rock strata fractures offers advantages such as simple operation and intuitive monitoring results, and is widely used in geological engineering and coal mine roof monitoring.
  • monitoring results are affected by rock strata quality and drilling efficiency; the television probe is easily covered by mud and sand or blocked by debris in the borehole, resulting in poor imaging quality.
  • borehole television imaging can only detect the development state of rock strata fractures at a specific moment and cannot monitor the entire rock strata movement process.
  • the double-end water-blocking method involves first sealing a certain distance of the borehole with a plugging device, then injecting water into that section of the borehole.
  • the degree of fracture development and the height of the fracture zone are determined by the amount of water lost in the sealed section. Its disadvantages include the large borehole depth, insufficient measurement accuracy, and low measurement efficiency. All of the above monitoring methods have certain limitations; they can only detect the degree of fracture development in the roof rock strata and monitor the fracture state, but cannot effectively obtain information on the specific structure of the rock strata and the entire process of its movement.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for real-time monitoring of the movement trajectory of roof rock strata in mines, so as to monitor the movement trajectory of roof rock strata in real time, accurately and continuously.
  • a real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of a rock stratum on the top of a mine includes a support pipe, a connecting pipe, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor, a sealing ring, a grouting main pipe, a grouting branch pipe, a grouting unit, and a data acquisition unit.
  • the support tube is made of rigid material, while the connecting tube is made of soft material.
  • the connecting tube can be compressed, stretched, or bent under external force.
  • a displacement sensor is installed on at least one of the two adjacent support pipes to measure the distance between the two adjacent support pipes.
  • An angle sensor is installed inside each support tube.
  • the angle sensor is used to measure the angle of the support tube it is located in.
  • Each of the support tubes has at least one sealing ring circumferentially provided at its first and last ends;
  • the main grouting pipe passes through the interior of each support pipe and connecting pipe. At least one grouting branch pipe is installed inside each support pipe. One end of the grouting branch pipe is connected to the main grouting pipe, and the other end of the grouting branch pipe protrudes from the side wall of the support pipe. The other end of the grouting branch pipe is located between two sealing rings.
  • the grouting unit is connected to the grouting main pipe and is used to inject grout into the grouting main pipe;
  • the data acquisition unit connects to the displacement sensor and the angle sensor to collect distance and angle data.
  • a method for real-time monitoring of the movement trajectory of slab rock in a mine using the aforementioned real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of slab rock in a mine, the method comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Drill boreholes in the roof strata of the tunnel or working face to form monitoring boreholes;
  • Step 2 Push the sequentially connected support pipe and connecting pipe into the monitoring borehole, and fit the sealing ring against the inner wall of the support pipe and the monitoring borehole;
  • Step 3 The grouting unit injects grout into the main grouting pipe and the branch grouting pipe. The grout flows to the support pipe, monitors the inner wall of the borehole and the space between the two sealing rings.
  • Step 4 After the grout solidifies, the data acquisition unit collects the distance data measured by the displacement sensor and the angle data measured by the angle sensor in real time, thereby obtaining the real-time horizontal and vertical position of any support pipe, and using the real-time horizontal and vertical position of each support pipe to depict the movement trajectory of the roof strata.
  • the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of rock strata on the top of a mine in this invention has fewer components and is simple and quick to assemble when used in the field. It can be assembled and used according to the actual length of the monitoring borehole in the monitoring of the top of a mine.
  • the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the top slab rock layer in the mine of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, uses fewer precision instruments, and has a relatively low cost, which can reduce the investment cost of mine monitoring.
  • the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the roof strata in mines can monitor the movement trajectory of the roof strata in real time, accurately and continuously, providing more detailed strata information for mine pressure, strata control and prevention of disasters such as rock bursts.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the top slab rock layer in a mine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction layout of the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the mine top slab rock layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation principle of the displacement sensor measuring the distance between two adjacent support pipes according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the motion trajectory of the support tube in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “inner,” “outer,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” and “rear,” etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • a device and method for real-time monitoring of the movement trajectory of rock strata on the top of a mine are provided, as shown in Figures 1 to 4.
  • a real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of rock strata on the top of a mine includes a support pipe 1, a connecting pipe 2, a displacement sensor 4, an angle sensor 3, a sealing ring 5, a grouting main pipe 6, a grouting branch pipe, a grouting unit, and a data acquisition unit.
  • the support tube 1 is made of a rigid material and is closed at both ends.
  • the connecting tube 2 is made of a soft material and can be compressed, extended, or bent under external force.
  • the support tube 1 is 40cm long, and the connecting tube 2 has a minimum compressed length of 8cm and a maximum extended length of 25cm.
  • a displacement sensor 4 is installed on at least one of the two adjacent support pipes 1.
  • the displacement sensor 4 is used to measure the distance between the two adjacent support pipes 1.
  • the displacement sensor 4 is set as a pull rope displacement sensor. At least one pull rope displacement sensor is arranged between two adjacent support pipes 1. The main body end of the pull rope displacement sensor is connected to the head end of one of the adjacent support pipes 1, and the pull rope end of the pull rope displacement sensor is connected to the tail end of the other adjacent support pipe 1.
  • two pull-rope displacement sensors are arranged between two adjacent support pipes 1; the main body end of one pull-rope displacement sensor is connected to the axial position of the first end of the adjacent support pipe 1, and the pull-rope end of the other pull-rope displacement sensor is connected to the axial position of the last end of the adjacent support pipe 1; the main body end of the other pull-rope displacement sensor is connected to the upper edge of the first end of the adjacent support pipe 1, and the pull-rope end of the other pull-rope displacement sensor is connected to the upper edge of the last end of the adjacent support pipe 1.
  • An angle sensor 3 is installed inside each support tube 1.
  • the angle sensor 3 is used to measure the angle of the support tube 1 where the angle sensor 3 is located. This angle is the angle between the axis of the support tube 1 and the horizontal line.
  • Each support tube 1 has a sealing ring 5 circumferentially installed at its first and last ends.
  • the sealing ring 5 is made of soft material (rubber) so that it fits tightly against the inner wall of the support tube 1 and the monitoring borehole 7, thereby sealing the connection between the support tube 1 and the inner wall of the monitoring borehole 7 and forming a closed space between the support tube 1, the inner wall of the monitoring borehole 7 and the two sealing rings 5.
  • the main grouting pipe 6 passes through the interior of each support pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2.
  • Two grouting branch pipes are installed inside each support pipe 1.
  • the two grouting branch pipes are arranged coaxially and perpendicular to the main grouting pipe 6.
  • One end of the grouting branch pipe is connected to the main grouting pipe 6, and the other end of the grouting branch pipe protrudes from the side wall of the support pipe 1.
  • the other end of the grouting branch pipe is located between the two sealing rings 5.
  • the grouting unit is located in the goaf roadway 8 and is connected to the main grouting pipe 6 for injecting grout into the main grouting pipe 6 and the grouting branch pipes.
  • the grouting unit injects grout into the main grouting pipe 6 and the grouting branch pipes, the grout enters the aforementioned enclosed space from the grouting branch pipes. After the grout solidifies, it fixes the support pipe 1 to the roof stratum as a whole. This allows the support pipe 1 to migrate and rotate with the roof stratum.
  • Two sealing rings 5 are used to confine the grout within the enclosed space around the support pipe 1, preventing the grout from flowing between adjacent support pipes 1, and thus preventing the connecting pipe 2 from solidifying and becoming incompressible, stretchable, or bendable.
  • the data acquisition unit is located in the goaf duct 8.
  • the data acquisition unit is connected to each displacement sensor 4 and angle sensor 3 via signal cables. It is used to acquire distance data through the displacement sensors 4 and angle data through the angle sensors 3.
  • the data acquisition unit can be connected to each displacement sensor 4 and angle sensor 3 via signal cables, which pass through the support pipe 1 and the connecting pipe 2.
  • the grouting branch pipe and the support pipe 1 are connected by plastic clips. Under external force, the clips disengage from the support pipe 1.
  • the main grouting pipe 6 When it is necessary to remove the main grouting pipe 6 from the monitoring borehole 7, simply pulling the main grouting pipe 6 from outside the monitoring borehole 7 will detach the main grouting pipe 6 and the grouting branch pipe from the support pipe 1. This prevents the main grouting pipe 6 from solidifying inside the support pipe 1 and connecting pipe 2, and avoids damage to the angle sensor 3 or displacement sensor 4 during the migration and rotation of the roof strata.
  • a method for real-time monitoring of the movement trajectory of a mine's mountain slab strata using the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of a mine's mountain slab strata described in this embodiment, includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Leave a coal pillar 9 on one side of the goaf 10 and set up a goaf roadway 8. Drill a monitoring borehole 7 from the goaf roadway 8 or the top of the working face toward the goaf 10 or the solid coal roof strata. The drilling depth should reach the key layer 11.
  • Step 2 Determine the length of the connection between the support pipe 1 and the connecting pipe 2 according to the depth of the monitoring borehole 7, and push the support pipe 1 and the connecting pipe 2 connected in sequence into the monitoring borehole 7.
  • the sealing ring 5 fits against the inner wall of the support pipe 1 and the monitoring borehole 7.
  • Step 3 Grout is injected into the grouting main pipe 6 and grouting branch pipe by the grouting unit.
  • the grout flows to the support pipe 1, the inner wall of the monitoring borehole 7, and the space between the two sealing rings 5. Before the grout solidifies after grouting, the grouting main pipe 6 is removed from the monitoring borehole 7.
  • Step 4 After the grout solidifies, the data acquisition unit collects the distance data measured by the displacement sensor 4 and the angle data measured by the angle sensor 3 in real time, thereby obtaining the real-time horizontal and vertical position of any support pipe 1, and depicting the movement trajectory of the roof rock strata by the real-time horizontal and vertical positions of each support pipe 1.
  • step 4
  • angle sensor 3 The angle of the second support tube 1 is measured by angle sensor 3, in degrees;
  • ⁇ n The angle of the nth support tube 1 measured by angle sensor 3, in degrees;
  • angle sensor 3 The angle of the second support tube 1 is measured by angle sensor 3, in degrees;
  • ⁇ n The angle of the nth support tube 1 measured by angle sensor 3, in degrees;
  • h 1 The projection value of the distance between the first support pipe 1 and the second support pipe 1 in the y direction, measured by the displacement sensor 4, in cm;
  • Each support tube 1 has the same specifications and dimensions.
  • Angle sensor 3 measures the angles ⁇ n -1 and ⁇ n between support tube i and support tube i+ 1, and the radius of support tube 1 is r, as well as the distances Li and L' i between support tube i and support tube i+ 1 .
  • the distance Li is measured by a rope displacement sensor 4 at the axial position connecting the beginning and end of adjacent support tube 1
  • the distance L' i is measured by a rope displacement sensor 4 at the upper edge position connecting the beginning and end of adjacent support tube 1.
  • a rope displacement sensor 4 connects the axial positions of the beginning and end of the adjacent support pipe 1 to measure the length of the rope, in cm;
  • a rope displacement sensor 4 connects the upper edges of the first and last ends of the adjacent support pipe 1 to measure the length of the rope, in cm;
  • ⁇ i The angle between the pull rope of a pull rope displacement sensor 4, which connects the (n- 1)th support pipe 1 and the first and last ends of the nth support pipe 1, and the horizontal direction, in degrees;
  • ⁇ 'i The angle between the pull rope of a pull rope displacement sensor 4, which connects the upper edge of the (n- 1)th support pipe 1 and the nth support pipe 1, and the horizontal direction, in degrees;
  • angles ⁇ i and ⁇ 'i between the pull rope of the pull rope displacement sensor 4 between support tube i and support tube i+1 and the horizontal direction can be obtained .
  • the formula for calculating the projection value d (n-1) of the distance between the (n -1)th support pipe 1 and the nth support pipe 1 in the x-direction is:
  • the projection value h (n-1) of the distance between the (n -1)th support pipe 1 and the nth support pipe 1 in the y direction is calculated as follows:
  • the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the mine roof strata of the present invention has fewer components, and the assembly process is simple and quick when used in the field. In mine roof monitoring, it can be assembled and used according to the actual length of the monitoring borehole 7.
  • the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the mine roof strata of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process and manufacture, and uses fewer precision instruments. The most precise instruments are only the angle sensor 3 and the displacement sensor 4.
  • the cost of the entire device is relatively low, which can reduce the investment cost of mine monitoring.
  • the real-time monitoring device for the movement trajectory of the mine roof strata of the present invention the movement trajectory of the roof strata can be monitored in real time, accurately and continuously, providing more detailed strata information for mine pressure, strata control and prevention of disasters such as rock bursts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法，涉及矿山顶板岩层运动监测技术领域。本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，构成装置的零部件较少，现场使用时装配过程简捷、迅速，在矿山顶板监测中可以根据监测钻孔的实际长度进行组装使用；本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，结构较简单，便于加工制造，内部采用的精密仪器较少，整个装置造价相对低廉，可降低矿山监测的投入成本；应用本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，对矿山顶板岩层实时监测，可以实时、精准、连续的监测顶板岩层运动轨迹，为矿山压力、岩层控制及冲击地压等灾害防控提供更加详细的岩层信息。

Description

一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及矿山顶板岩层运动监测技术领域，具体地说是涉及一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法。
 背景技术
随着煤矿井下工作面的回采推进，采空区顶板会出现断裂、垮落等现象，同时引起岩层运动和地层内应力场的改变，甚至出现冲击地压等重大安全事故，因此，对矿山顶板岩层运动状态进行监测十分有必要。目前，煤矿采用的顶板岩层监测手段主要包括立柱式顶板位移传感器监测、钻孔电视窥视监测和双端堵水法监测等。比如在充填采空区内安装立柱式顶板位移传感器，通过立柱式顶板位移传感器可以全程监测充填采空区岩层顶板的下沉速度和沉降位移，缺点是该传感器对安装地点的底板稳固性、通讯线路和设备的保护要求比较高，并且只适用于充填采空区内部顶板岩层表面位移的监测。运用高分辨率的钻孔电视窥视岩层裂隙，具有操作简单、监测结果直观的优点，被广泛应用于地质工程和煤矿顶板监测领域，但是存在以下缺点：监测结果受岩层质量和钻孔效果的影响，电视探头容易被钻孔中的泥沙覆盖或是被孔内碎石卡住，出现成像效果差的情况。此外，钻孔电视窥视只能探测某一时刻的岩层裂隙发育状态，不能监测岩层的运动过程。双端堵水法是先将一定距离的钻孔用封堵器封堵，再向该段钻孔内注水，通过封堵段钻孔内的注水流失量判定岩层的裂隙发育程度和裂隙带的高度，缺点是钻孔深度较大，测量数据不够精确以及测量效率较低。上述各监测手段都具有一定的局限性，只能探测顶板岩层的裂隙发育程度及监测岩层的破裂状态，都不能有效的得到岩层具体结构及其运动的全过程信息。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法，以实时、精准、连续的监测顶板岩层运动轨迹。
 技术解决方案
为了达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术解决方案如下：
一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，包括支撑管、连接管、位移传感器、角度传感器、封孔环、注浆主管、注浆支管、注浆单元和数据采集单元；
支撑管由硬质材料制成，连接管由软质材料制成，连接管在外力作用下能压缩、伸展或者弯曲；
若干个支撑管依次首尾连接，相邻的两个支撑管之间经连接管连接；
相邻的两个支撑管之间，至少一个支撑管上设置位移传感器，位移传感器用于测量相邻的两个支撑管之间的距离；
每个支撑管内均设置一个角度传感器，角度传感器用于测量其所在支撑管所处的角度；
每个所述支撑管的首端、尾端的周向各设置有至少一个封孔环；
注浆主管穿过各个支撑管及连接管内部，每个支撑管内部设置至少一根注浆支管，注浆支管的一端连通注浆主管，注浆支管的另一端从支撑管的侧壁露出，注浆支管的另一端位于两封孔环之间；
注浆单元连接注浆主管，用于向注浆主管注入浆液；
数据采集单元信号连接位移传感器和角度传感器，用于采集距离和角度数据。
一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测方法，应用上述的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，所述方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1、在巷道或者工作面向顶板岩层进行钻孔施工形成监测钻孔；
步骤2、将依次连接的支撑管及连接管推入监测钻孔，封孔环贴合支撑管及监测钻孔内壁；
步骤3、由注浆单元向注浆主管及注浆支管注入浆液，浆液流至支撑管、监测钻孔内壁及两封孔环之间的空间；
步骤4、待浆液凝固后，由数据采集单元实时采集位移传感器测量的距离数据和角度传感器测量的角度数据，进而得到任意一根支撑管实时所处水平及竖直位置，由各支撑管实时所处水平及竖直位置描绘顶板岩层运动轨迹。
 有益效果
本发明的有益技术效果是：
本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，构成装置的零部件较少，现场使用时装配过程简捷、迅速，在矿山顶板监测中可以根据监测钻孔的实际长度进行组装使用；
本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，结构较简单，便于加工制造，内部采用的精密仪器较少，整个装置造价相对低廉，可降低矿山监测的投入成本；
应用本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，对矿山顶板岩层实时监测，可以实时、精准、连续的监测顶板岩层运动轨迹，为矿山压力、岩层控制及冲击地压等灾害防控提供更加详细的岩层信息。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施例矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置的施工布置示意图；
图3为本发明实施例位移传感器测量相邻两支撑管之间距离的计算原理图；
图4为本发明实施例支撑管的运动轨迹示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。本发明某些实施例于后方将参照所附附图做更全面性地描述，其中一些但并非全部的实施例将被示出。实际上，本发明的各种实施例可以许多不同形式实现，而不应被解释为限于此数所阐述的实施例；相对地，提供这些实施例使得本发明满足适用的法律要求。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“内”、“外”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明实施例中，提供一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法，请参考图1至图4所示。
一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，包括支撑管1、连接管2、位移传感器4、角度传感器3、封孔环5、注浆主管6、注浆支管、注浆单元和数据采集单元。
支撑管1由硬质材料制成，支撑管1的两端封闭。连接管2由软质材料制成，连接管2在外力作用下能压缩、伸展或者弯曲。其中，支撑管1的长度为40cm，连接管2压缩后最小长度为8cm，伸展后最大长度为25cm。
若干个支撑管1依次首尾连接，相邻的两个支撑管1之间经连接管2连接。
相邻的两个支撑管1之间，至少一个支撑管1上设置位移传感器4，位移传感器4用于测量相邻的两个支撑管1之间的距离。
位移传感器4设置为拉绳位移传感器，相邻的两个支撑管1之间布置至少一个拉绳位移传感器，拉绳位移传感器的主体端连接相邻的一个支撑管1的首端，拉绳位移传感器的拉绳端连接相邻的另一个支撑管1的尾端。
具体的，相邻的两个支撑管1之间布置两个拉绳位移传感器；一个拉绳位移传感器的主体端连接相邻的一个支撑管1首端的轴线位置，一个拉绳位移传感器的拉绳端连接相邻的另一个支撑管1尾端的轴线位置；另一个拉绳位移传感器的主体端连接相邻的一个支撑管1首端上边沿位置，另一个拉绳位移传感器的拉绳端连接相邻的另一个支撑管1尾端上边沿位置。
每个支撑管1内均设置一个角度传感器3，角度传感器3用于测量角度传感器3所在支撑管1所处的角度，此角度为支撑管1的轴线相对于水平线的夹角。
每个支撑管1的首端、尾端的周向各设置一个封孔环5。其中，封孔环5由软质材料（橡胶）制成，以使封孔环5紧密贴合支撑管1及监测钻孔7内壁，以通过封孔环5密封连接支撑管1和监测钻孔7内壁，使支撑管1、监测钻孔7内壁及两封孔环5之间形成封闭空间。
注浆主管6穿过各个支撑管1及连接管2内部，每个支撑管1内部设置两根注浆支管，两根注浆支管同轴线布置，注浆支管与注浆主管6垂直布置。注浆支管的一端连通注浆主管6，注浆支管的另一端从支撑管1的侧壁露出，注浆支管的另一端位于两封孔环5之间。
注浆单元位于沿空巷道8，注浆单元连接注浆主管6，用于向注浆主管6及注浆支管注入浆液。在注浆单元向注浆主管6及注浆支管注入浆液时，浆液从注浆支管进入上述封闭空间，待浆液凝固后，浆液将支撑管1与顶板岩层固定为一体。如此，以使支撑管1随同顶板岩层迁移、转动。其中，两封孔环5用于将浆液限定在支撑管1周向外侧的封闭空间，避免浆液流至相邻支撑管1之间的位置，进而避免浆液凝固使连接管2不能压缩、伸展或者弯曲。
数据采集单元位于沿空巷道8，数据采集单元信号连接各位移传感器4和角度传感器3，用于通过位移传感器4采集距离数据，通过角度传感器3采集角度数据。其中，数据采集单元可以通过信号线缆连接各位移传感器4和角度传感器3，信号线缆穿过支撑管1及连接管2。
注浆支管与支撑管1之间经塑料卡扣连接，在外力作用下，卡扣与支撑管1脱离。如此，以在需要将注浆主管6从监测钻孔7撤出时，只需在监测钻孔7外部拉动注浆主管6，即可使注浆主管6及注浆支管与支撑管1脱离。避免注浆主管6在支撑管1及连接管2内部凝固，在顶板岩层迁移、转动过程中，避免凝固的注浆主管6损坏角度传感器3或者位移传感器4。
一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测方法，应用本实施例上述的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1、在采空区10的一侧留设煤柱9并设置沿空巷道8，在沿空巷道8或者工作面顶部向采空区10或者实体煤顶板岩层进行钻孔施工形成监测钻孔7，钻孔深度应到达关键层11。
步骤2、根据监测钻孔7的深度确定支撑管1及连接管2连接的长度，将依次连接的支撑管1及连接管2推入监测钻孔7，封孔环5贴合支撑管1及监测钻孔7内壁。
步骤3、由注浆单元向注浆主管6及注浆支管注入浆液，浆液流至支撑管1、监测钻孔7内壁及两封孔环5之间的空间。其中，在注浆结束后浆液凝固前，将注浆主管6从监测钻孔7撤出。
步骤4、待浆液凝固后，由数据采集单元实时采集位移传感器4测量的距离数据和角度传感器3测量的角度数据，进而得到任意一根支撑管1实时所处水平及竖直位置，由各支撑管1实时所处水平及竖直位置描绘顶板岩层运动轨迹。
步骤4中，
任意一根支撑管1所处水平位置 X n计算式为：
；
式中：
l—支撑管1的长度，单位为cm；
α 1—由角度传感器3测量第一根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
α 2—由角度传感器3测量第二根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
α n—由角度传感器3测量第 n根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
d 1—由位移传感器4测量第一根支撑管1和第二根支撑管1之间的距离在x方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
d 2—由位移传感器4测量第二根支撑管1和第三根支撑管1之间的距离在x方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
d (n-1)—由位移传感器4测量第 n-1根支撑管1和第 n根支撑管1之间的距离在x方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
任意一根支撑管1所处竖直位置计算式为：
；
l—支撑管1的长度，单位为cm；
α 1—由角度传感器3测量第一根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
α 2—由角度传感器3测量第二根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
α n—由角度传感器3测量第 n根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
h 1—由位移传感器4测量第一根支撑管1和第二根支撑管1之间的距离在y方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
h 2—由位移传感器4测量第二根支撑管1和第三根支撑管1之间的距离在y方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
h (n-1)—由位移传感器4测量第 n-1根支撑管1和第 n根支撑管1之间的距离在y方向上的投影值，单位为cm。
其中，
相邻支撑管1的相对位置的具体计算方法为：
每根支撑管1的规格尺寸相同，由角度传感器3测量支撑管 i、支撑管 i+1的角度为 α n-1、 α n和支撑管1的半径为r，以及支撑管 i、支撑管 i+1之间的距离 L i、 L' i；其中，距离 L i由连接相邻支撑管1首、尾端的轴线位置的一个拉绳位移传感器4测量，距离 L' i由连接相邻支撑管1首、尾端的上边沿位置的一个拉绳位移传感器4测量。
假设两个拉绳位移传感器4的拉绳与水平方向的夹角分别为θ i、θ' i，分别以支撑管 i、支撑管 i+1的半径和两个拉绳位移传感器4的拉绳为对角线画长方形，根据几何关系和三角函数关系可以得到：
；
；
其中，
r—支撑管1的半径，单位为cm；
L i —连接相邻支撑管1首、尾端的轴线位置的一个拉绳位移传感器4测量拉绳的长度，单位为cm；
L' i —连接相邻支撑管1首、尾端的上边沿位置的一个拉绳位移传感器4测量拉绳的长度，单位为cm；
α n-1—第 n-1根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
α n—第 n根支撑管1的角度，单位为°；
θ i—连接第 n-1根支撑管1和第 n根支撑管1首、尾端的轴线位置的一个拉绳位移传感器4的拉绳与水平方向的夹角，单位为°；
θ' i—连接第 n-1根支撑管1和第 n根支撑管1首、尾端的上边沿位置的一个拉绳位移传感器4的拉绳与水平方向的夹角，单位为°；
根据上述两个公式，可以得到支撑管i和支撑管i+1之间的拉绳位移传感器4的拉绳与水平方向的夹角 θ i和 θ' i，
即可得到
第 n-1根支撑管1和第 n根支撑管1之间的距离在x方向上的投影值 d (n-1)的计算式为：
；
第 n-1根支撑管1和第 n根支撑管1之间的距离在y方向上的投影值 h (n-1)的计算式为：
。
至此，已经结合附图对本实施例进行了详细描述。依据以上描述，本领域技术人员应当对本发明矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置及方法有了清楚的认识。本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，构成装置的零部件较少，现场使用时装配过程简捷、迅速，在矿山顶板监测中可以根据监测钻孔7的实际长度进行组装使用；本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，结构较简单，便于加工制造，内部采用的精密仪器较少，较精密仪器只有角度传感器3和位移传感器4，整个装置造价相对低廉，可降低矿山监测的投入成本；应用本发明的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，对矿山顶板岩层实时监测，可以实时、精准、连续的监测顶板岩层运动轨迹，为矿山压力、岩层控制及冲击地压等灾害防控提供更加详细的岩层信息。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，其特征在于：包括支撑管、连接管、位移传感器、角度传感器、封孔环、注浆主管、注浆支管、注浆单元和数据采集单元；
    支撑管由硬质材料制成，连接管由软质材料制成，连接管在外力作用下能压缩、伸展或者弯曲；
    若干个支撑管依次首尾连接，相邻的两个支撑管之间经连接管连接；
    相邻的两个支撑管之间，至少一个支撑管上设置位移传感器，位移传感器用于测量相邻的两个支撑管之间的距离；
    每个支撑管内均设置一个角度传感器，角度传感器用于测量其所在支撑管所处的角度；
    每个所述支撑管的首端、尾端的周向各设置有至少一个封孔环；
    注浆主管穿过各个支撑管及连接管内部，每个支撑管内部设置至少一根注浆支管，注浆支管的一端连通注浆主管，注浆支管的另一端从支撑管的侧壁露出，注浆支管的另一端位于两封孔环之间；
    注浆单元连接注浆主管，用于向注浆主管注入浆液；
    数据采集单元信号连接位移传感器和角度传感器，用于采集距离和角度数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，其特征在于：
    所述位移传感器设置为拉绳位移传感器，相邻的两个支撑管之间布置至少两个拉绳位移传感器，拉绳位移传感器的主体端连接相邻的一个支撑管的首端，拉绳位移传感器的拉绳端连接相邻的另一个支撑管的尾端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，其特征在于：
    相邻的两个支撑管之间布置两个拉绳位移传感器；
    一个拉绳位移传感器的主体端连接相邻的一个支撑管首端的轴线位置、一个拉绳位移传感器的拉绳端连接相邻的另一个支撑管尾端的轴线位置；
    另一个拉绳位移传感器的主体端连接相邻的一个支撑管首端上边沿位置、另一个拉绳位移传感器的拉绳端连接相邻的另一个支撑管尾端上边沿位置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，其特征在于：
    所述注浆支管与所述支撑管之间经卡扣连接，在外力作用下，所述卡扣与所述支撑管脱离。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，其特征在于：
    封孔环由软质材料制成。
  6. 一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测方法，应用权利要求1至5任一项所述的矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测装置，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    步骤1、在巷道或者工作面向顶板岩层进行钻孔施工形成监测钻孔；
    步骤2、将依次连接的支撑管及连接管推入监测钻孔，封孔环贴合支撑管及监测钻孔内壁；
    步骤3、由注浆单元向注浆主管及注浆支管注入浆液，浆液流至支撑管、监测钻孔内壁及两封孔环之间的空间；
    步骤4、待浆液凝固后，由数据采集单元实时采集位移传感器测量的距离数据和角度传感器测量的角度数据，进而得到任意一根支撑管实时所处水平及竖直位置，由各支撑管实时所处水平及竖直位置描绘顶板岩层运动轨迹。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测方法，其特征在于，
    步骤4中，
    任意一根支撑管所处水平位置 X n计算式为：
    ；
    式中：
    l—支撑管的长度，单位为cm；
    α 1—由角度传感器测量第一根支撑管的角度，单位为°；
    α 2—由角度传感器测量第二根支撑管的角度，单位为°；
    α n—由角度传感器测量第 n根支撑管的角度，单位为°；
    d 1—由位移传感器测量第一根支撑管和第二根支撑管之间的距离在x方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
    d 2—由位移传感器测量第二根支撑管和第三根支撑管之间的距离在x方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
    d (n-1)—由位移传感器测量第 n-1根支撑管和第 n根支撑管之间的距离在x方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
    任意一根支撑管所处竖直位置计算式为：
    ；
    l—支撑管的长度，单位为cm；
    α 1—由角度传感器测量第一根支撑管的角度，单位为°；
    α 2—由角度传感器测量第二根支撑管的角度，单位为°；
    α n—由角度传感器测量第 n根支撑管的角度，单位为°；
    h 1—由位移传感器测量第一根支撑管和第二根支撑管之间的距离在y方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
    h 2—由位移传感器测量第二根支撑管和第三根支撑管之间的距离在y方向上的投影值，单位为cm；
    h (n-1)—由位移传感器测量第 n-1根支撑管和第 n根支撑管之间的距离在y方向上的投影值，单位为cm。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种矿山顶板岩层运动轨迹实时监测方法，其特征在于：
    步骤3中，在注浆结束后浆液凝固前，将注浆主管从监测钻孔撤出。
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