WO2025217873A1 - Improved angle-of-arrival (aoa) determina tion - Google Patents
Improved angle-of-arrival (aoa) determina tionInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025217873A1 WO2025217873A1 PCT/CN2024/088556 CN2024088556W WO2025217873A1 WO 2025217873 A1 WO2025217873 A1 WO 2025217873A1 CN 2024088556 W CN2024088556 W CN 2024088556W WO 2025217873 A1 WO2025217873 A1 WO 2025217873A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- aoa
- candidate
- sensing
- measurement
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
- G01S7/006—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations using shared front-end circuitry, e.g. antennas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
Definitions
- the present disclosure is related to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to a communication device, a terminal device, and methods for improved Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) determination.
- AoA Angle-of-Arrival
- the 5 th Generation Advanced (5G-A) and 6 th Generation (6G) mobile communication systems are expected to support novel services such as autonomous driving, extended reality (XR) , and so forth, which will require powerful communication and sensing capabilities simultaneously.
- Wireless sensing including positioning, velocity detection, posture recognition, and object detection, has long been an independent technology developed in parallel with mobile communications.
- MIMO massive multi-input multi-output
- JCAS transmission has been widely recognized as an efficient approach to deal with the foreseeable coexistence between communication and radar. JCAS transmissions allow effective cooperation between communication and radar sensing functionalities and have shown great potentials in improving both the performances of communication and radar sensing.
- the JCAS technology enables precise measurement of the signal propagation time (Time of Flight, ToF) between sensing signal transceivers, from which distance estimates can be derived with sub-meter accuracy.
- ToF Time of Flight
- the phase differences in signal arrival are thus used to estimate the AoA (Angle of Arrival) at which the signal arrives at the receivers, allowing an object to be located given only the relative angle and distance information with respect to a JCAS enabled radio node.
- AoA Angle of Arrival
- phase wrap-around which means that a phase always falls in [- ⁇ , ⁇ ]
- a measured phase difference may have an ambiguity issue. This will cause ambiguity in the AoA estimation when the distance between antenna elements is greater than where ⁇ is the wavelength of the radio signal. This implies that a same measured phase difference ⁇ may correspond to two or more distinct AoAs In such a case, the receiver cannot determine the true AoA value based on the measured phase difference ⁇ only.
- a method at a terminal device for AoA determination comprises: receiving, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier.
- the method further comprises at least one of: transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and transmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- the telecommunication network further comprises: a terminal device, comprising: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to: receive, from the communication device, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier.
- the instructions when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform at least one of: transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and transmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- the instructions stored in the memory of the communication device when executed by the processor of the communication device, further cause the communication device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect.
- the instructions stored in the memory of the terminal device when executed by the processor of the terminal device, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
- AoA ambiguity can be resolved without coverage impact/restrictions and efficient resource utilization can be ensured for multi-carrier data fusion.
- Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary network in which improved AoA determination is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary antenna array to which improved AoA determination is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary approach for resolving AoA ambiguity and its limitations.
- Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary allocations of sensing resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination based on dynamic resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination based on static/semi-static resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination by using a sensing node and a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating exemplary simulations for improved AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a communication device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a terminal device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 11 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement which may be used in communication device and/or a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the term "or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.
- the term “each, " as used herein, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, can mean any subset of a set of elements to which the term “each” is applied.
- processing circuits may in some embodiments be embodied in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) .
- these processing circuits may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, and/or digital signal processors programmed with appropriate software and/or firmware to carry out one or more of the operations described above, or variants thereof.
- these processing circuits may comprise customized hardware to carry out one or more of the functions described above. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
- the inventive concept of the present disclosure may be applicable to any appropriate communication architecture, for example, to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) /General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , Time Division -Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) , CDMA2000, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , 4 th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advance (LTE-A) , or 5G NR, 6th generation (6G) mobile system standard, etc.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- GPRS General Packet Radio Service
- EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- WCDMA Wideband CDMA
- TD-SCDMA Time Division -Synchronous CDMA
- CDMA2000 Code
- terminal device used herein may refer to a UE, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a user device, a user terminal, a wireless device, a wireless terminal, or any other equivalents.
- network node used herein may refer to a transmission reception point (TRP) , a base station, a base transceiver station, an access point, a hot spot, a NodeB, an Evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a network element, a satellite, an aircraft, or any other equivalents.
- TRP transmission reception point
- eNB Evolved NodeB
- gNB gNodeB
- Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary telecommunication network 10 in which improved AoA determination is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the network 10 may comprise one or more RAN nodes 110-1 through 110-3 (collectively, the RAN nodes 110) .
- Each of the RAN nodes 110 may provide services within one or more cells/coverage associated therewith.
- cells 105-1 through 105-3 may be served by the RAN node 110-1
- cells 105-4 through 105-6 may be served by the RAN node 110-2
- a cell 105-7 may be served by the RAN node 110-3.
- the RAN nodes 110 may provide one or more UEs within the cells 105-1 through 105-7 (collectively, the cells 105) with one or more services, such as, a voice call service, a video call service, a Short Message Service (SMS) , a data downloading service, a streaming service, a location service, etc.
- services such as, a voice call service, a video call service, a Short Message Service (SMS) , a data downloading service, a streaming service, a location service, etc.
- SMS Short Message Service
- the network 10 may further comprise a core network (CN) and/or one or more Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) nodes.
- the CN may comprise one or more CN nodes, such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , User Plane Function (UPF) , etc.
- AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
- SMF Session Management Function
- UPF User Plane Function
- the RAN nodes 110 may communicate with the CN and/or the OAM nodes, directly or indirectly, to enable the services.
- the RAN nodes 110 may sense one or more objects 100 (e.g., an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ) within their coverage. As shown in Fig. 1, the object 100 is moving through the cells 105, and one or more of the RAN nodes 110 may be selected to sense the object 110.
- objects 100 e.g., an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
- UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
- the object 100 may be sensed by using a mono-static or bi-/multi-static sensing technology.
- a single sensing node e.g., the RAN node 110-1
- the RAN node 110-1 may be calculated.
- a transmitter (TX) sensing node e.g., the RAN node 110-1
- RX receiving
- a transmitter (TX) sensing node may transmit a sensing signal towards the object 100
- one or more receiving (RX) sensing nodes e.g., the RAN node 110-2 and/or the RAN node 110-3
- RX receiving
- distances between the object 100 and the sensing nodes may be calculated.
- a phase difference in signal arrival may be used to estimate the AoA, allowing an object to be located given only the relative angle and distance information with respect to a JCAS enabled radio node.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating such an exemplary antenna array.
- two adjacent antennas (or antenna elements) of such an array may have a distance d from each other (e.g., that between Ch1 and Ch2 shown in Fig. 2) .
- a received signal will arrive at the antennas with a phase difference ⁇ . If p is the differential distance in path length received at the two antennas, and ⁇ denotes the signal′s wavelength, the following equation applies:
- the incident signals at the receiving antennas can be assumed to be approximately parallel.
- the AoA is identical for all antennas and can be calculated based on the trigonometric relationship shown in Fig. 2:
- a measured phase difference may have an ambiguity issue. This will cause ambiguity in the AoA estimation when the distance between antenna elements is longer than where ⁇ is the wavelength of the radio signal. This implies that a same measured phase difference ⁇ may correspond to two or more distinct AoAs In such a case, the receiver cannot determine the true AoA value based on the measured phase difference ⁇ only.
- multiple different AoAs may have a same measured phase difference in view of the phase wrap-around:
- KPI Key Performance Indicator
- Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary approach for resolving AoA ambiguity and its limitations. As shown in the top portion (a) of Fig. 3, ambiguity resolution is only possible for an overlapped area that is served/sensed by multiple sensing nodes (e.g., a sensing node 110-1 and a sensing node 110-2) . Therefore, in order to provide a ubiquitous sensing service, the sensing nodes shall be close to each other enough and consequently this will increase the cost of the infrastructure/operation and affect the sensing coverage from the network′s point of view.
- a sensing nodes e.g., a sensing node 110-1 and a sensing node 110-2
- a building may still obstruct the ambiguity resolution capability, especially in an urban area.
- the sensing coverage is limited by the ambiguity resolution approaches described above.
- a new multi-carrier data fusion mechanism may be triggered for AoA ambiguity resolution.
- different carriers could be assigned with different sensing resources with different sensing purposes.
- a carrier (as a primary sensing carrier) may handle regular sensing activities, while one or more other carriers (as secondary sensing carriers) may handle AoA ambiguity issue.
- an operator or some Artificial Intelligence (AI) application in Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) may select the proper carrier for sensing according to communication load.
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- SMO Service Management and Orchestration
- fusion of the AoA measurements from several carriers (cells) at a single sensing node may be used to resolve the AoA ambiguity issue.
- an operator may set up several carriers with sensing capabilities at a single node.
- a carrier (call it as the primary sensing carrier) may be assigned for persistent sensing operations. For example, a carrier with relatively low communication load can be selected as the primary sensing carrier for regular sensing operations, so as to reduce the impact on available radio resources for communication.
- the primary sensing carrier may allocate air resources for sensing.
- air resources for sensing For meet the requirements for detection latency, dense or sparse, periodic or aperiodic radio resources can be configured for the purpose of sensing separately from communication.
- a secondary sensing carrier may be configured to resolve AoA ambiguity issue.
- Two possible solutions to allocate the sensing resources of the secondary sensing carrier are provided below as examples with reference to Fig. 4.
- Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary allocations of sensing resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the operator 500 might use a state-of-the-art method, such as a load balancing algorithm, to alter the communication burden, and in such a case, the primary sensing carrier may be chosen based on the load after balancing.
- a state-of-the-art method such as a load balancing algorithm
- the secondary sensing carrier 520 may perform sensing.
- the sensing results may be merged with those from the primary sensing carrier 510 to resolve the AoA ambiguity. A detailed description thereof will be provided below.
- the secondary sensing carrier 520 may provide the sensing result back to the primary sensing carrier 510 if necessary.
- steps S615 and S635 are different from steps S515 and S535 shown in Fig. 5, respectively.
- the operator 500 assigns the secondary sensing carrier 520 in a similar manner to that shown at step S515, but with a different sensing configuration.
- the sensing configuration for the secondary sensing carrier shown in Fig. 6 may assign static/semi-static (e.g., periodic) resources on the secondary sensing carrier 520 for AoA ambiguity resolution. Therefore, the secondary sensing carrier 520 may carry out recurring sensing tasks.
- the secondary sensing carrier 510 may perform the object sensing at its next periodic resource previously configured at step S615, rather than on the resources indicated by the primary sensing carrier 510 at step S530.
- the secondary sensing carrier may fuse or combine sensing data from both primary sensing carrier and secondary sensing carrier and resolve the AoA ambiguity.
- the solutions described with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 may also applicable to a UE-gNB bi-static sensing in addition to the gNB mono-static sensing.
- the sensing actions (steps S520, S535, S620, and S635) may be more complex than those for the gNB mono-static sensing since they involve additional RRC signaling between UE and gNB.
- Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination by using a sensing node (e.g., a gNB 700) and a terminal device (e.g., a UE 710) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- This exemplary procedure may be used to implement any of the steps S520, S535, S620, and S635.
- the procedure may begin with step S710 where a Radio Resource Control (RRC) request message may be transmitted from the gNB 700 to the UE 710 for providing a sensing configuration.
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- the UE 710 may transmit an RRC response message to the gNB 700 for acknowledging the configuration request, e.g., indicating that the sensing configuration is successfully received and applied.
- the UE 710 may send out a sensing signal, "Ping" , towards a sensing target 720 (or an area to be sensed and in which the sensing target 720 is located) based on the sensing configuration received.
- a sensing signal "Ping”
- the gNB 700 may receive an "Echo" signal that is reflected by the sensing target 720.
- the gNB 700 may perform a measurement on the received "Echo" signal to determine a sensing result, e.g., a distance, an AoA, etc.
- a procedure for UE-gNB bi-static sensing is described with reference to Fig. 7, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the embodiments shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are also applicable to UE mono-static or gNB-UE bi-/multi-static sensing.
- An AoA measurement may be performed, e.g., in a way similar to that shown in Fig. 2. Assuming more than one candidate AoA: is determined based on a measured phase difference ⁇ 1 , in which the true value is and ambiguous values are
- the AoA possibility distribution may be generated with the estimated variance according to the GMM (Gaussian Mixture Module) model:
- K 1 is the number of the candidate AoAs for the primary sensing carrier
- k belongs to ⁇ 1, ..., K 1 ⁇
- variance of estimation accuracy for the primary sensing carrier is the variance of estimation accuracy for the primary sensing carrier.
- K 2 is the number of the candidate AoAs for the secondary sensing carrier
- k belongs to ⁇ 1, ..., K 2 ⁇
- variance of estimation accuracy for the secondary sensing carrier is the variance of estimation accuracy for the secondary sensing carrier.
- Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating exemplary simulations for improved AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the estimated (candidate) AoAs are -9.09°, 20°, and 57.35°;
- the estimated (candidate) AoAs are and 20°;
- the measurements from the two carriers may be combined in the possibility domain, for example:
- the AoA with the highest possibility may be selected as the estimated true value. As shown in (c) of Fig. 8, it is very clear that the AoA 20°, has the highest possibility, and therefore is determined as the true AoA value.
- AoA ambiguity can be resolved without coverage impact/restrictions and efficient resource utilization can be ensured for multi-carrier data fusion.
- Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 900 at a communication device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the method 900 may be performed at a communication device (e.g., the sensing node 110 or the gNB 700) .
- the method 900 may comprise steps S910, S920, S930, S940, and S950.
- the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
- the method 900 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof.
- the steps of the method 900 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved.
- a step in the method 900 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and/or multiple steps in the method 900 may be combined into a single step.
- the method 900 may begin at step S910 where the communication device may perform a first measurement on a first carrier.
- the communication device may determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement.
- the communication device may determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined.
- the communication device may perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed.
- the communication device may determine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
- the step of determining whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier is to be performed may comprise at least one of: determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed in response to determining that more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; and determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is not to be performed in response to determining that only one or no first candidate AoA for the object is determined.
- the first carrier may have a lower communication load than that of at least one other carrier.
- first resources on the first carrier, over which the first measurement is able to be performed may be configured for object sensing based on at least one or more requirements for sensing latency.
- the first resources may be periodic resources having a first periodicity.
- second resources on the second carrier, over which the second measurement is able to be performed may be configured semi-statically or dynamically.
- the second resources when the second resources are configured semi-statically, the second resources may be periodic resources having a second periodicity longer than the first periodicity of the first resources. In some embodiments, when the second resources are configured dynamically, the second resources may be configured in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed. In some embodiments, before the step of performing the first measurement and/or before the step of performing the second measurement, the method 900 may further comprise: receiving, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on the first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on the second carrier.
- the method 900 may further comprise at least one of: determining a first candidate AoA as the AoA for the object in response to determining no other first candidate AoA than the first candidate AoA; waiting for a period in response to determining only one or no first candidate AoA; and triggering the next round of object sensing in response to determining only one or no first candidate AoA.
- the method 900 may further comprise: transmitting, to one or more neighboring communication devices, a message indicating that interference avoidance is to be performed, in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed.
- the first measurement and the second measurement may be performed on one or more sensing signals that are transmitted by the communication device itself or another communication device.
- the other communication device may be a network node or a terminal device.
- the first number of first candidate AoAs may comprise at least one of temporary candidate AoAs defined by:
- n is an integer
- ⁇ 1 is a measured phase difference of a first sensing signal
- ⁇ 1 is the wavelength of the first sensing signal
- d is the antenna element spacing
- arcsin ( ⁇ ) is the inverse sine function.
- the step of determining a first number of first candidate AoAs may comprise: calculating one or more temporary candidate AoAs based on at least a measured phase difference of a first sensing signal. In some embodiments, the step of determining a first number of first candidate AoAs may further comprise at least one of: determining one or more of the temporary candidate AoAs as the first number of first candidate AoAs based on at least an AoA determined for the object in a previous round of object sensing; and determining the one or more temporary candidate AoAs as the first number of first candidate AoAs in response to determining no AoA for the object in a previous round of object sensing.
- the method 900 may further comprise: determining a first AoA possibility distribution according to a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based on at least the more than one first candidate AoA.
- GMM Gaussian Mixture Model
- the first AoA possibility distribution may be determined by:
- K 1 is the first number of the first candidate AoAs
- k belongs to ⁇ 1, ..., K 1 ⁇
- variance of estimation accuracy is the first AoA possibility distribution given a measured phase difference ⁇ 1 of a first sensing signal
- the step of determining, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object may comprise: determining one or more second candidate AoAs for the object based on at least the second measurement; and determining the AoA for the object based on at least the first number of first candidate AoAs and the one or more second candidate AoAs.
- the one or more second candidate AoAs may comprise at least one of temporary candidate AoAs defined by:
- n is an integer
- ⁇ 2 is a measured phase difference of a second sensing signal
- ⁇ 2 is the wavelength of the second sensing signal
- d is the antenna element spacing
- arcsin ( ⁇ ) is the inverse sine function.
- the method 900 may further comprise: determining a second AoA possibility distribution according to a GMM based on at least the one or more second candidate AoAs.
- the second AoA possibility distribution may be determined by:
- K 2 is the number of the second candidate AoAs
- k belongs to ⁇ 1, ..., K 2 ⁇
- variance of estimation accuracy is the variance of estimation accuracy.
- the AoA for the object may be determined as an AoA with the highest combined possibility that is calculated by:
- the communication device may comprise at least one of: a network node; and a terminal device.
- Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1000 at a terminal device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the method 1000 may be performed at a terminal device (e.g., the UE 710) .
- the method 1000 may comprise a step S1010 and at least one of steps S1020 and S1030.
- the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
- the method 1000 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof.
- the steps of the method 1000 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved.
- a step in the method 1000 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and/or multiple steps in the method 1000 may be combined into a single step.
- the method 1000 may begin at step S1010 where the terminal device may receive, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier.
- the method 1000 may further comprise at least one of steps S1020 and S1030.
- the terminal device may transmit a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration.
- the terminal device may transmit a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- the first carrier may have a lower communication load than that of at least one other carrier.
- first resources on the first carrier, over which the first sensing signal is able to be transmitted may be configured based on at least one or more requirements for sensing latency.
- the first resources may be periodic resources having a first periodicity.
- second resources on the second carrier, over which the second sensing signal is able to be transmitted may be configured semi-statically or dynamically.
- the second resources when the second resources are configured semi-statically, the second resources may be periodic resources having a second periodicity longer than the first periodicity of the first resources. In some embodiments, when the second resources are configured dynamically, the second resources may be configured only when the second sensing signal is to be transmitted. In some embodiments, the trigger event may comprise at least one of: receiving, from the network node, a message indicating that the second sensing signal is to be transmitted; and a periodic timer configured for transmitting the second sensing signal.
- Fig. 11 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 1100 which may be used in a communication device (e.g., the sensing node 110 or the gNB 700) and/or a terminal device (e.g., the UE 710) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a processing unit 1106 e.g., with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a Central Processing Unit (CPU) .
- the processing unit 1106 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein.
- the arrangement 1100 may also comprise an input unit 1102 for receiving signals from other entities, and an output unit 1104 for providing signal (s) to other entities.
- the input unit 1102 and the output unit 1104 may be arranged as an integrated entity or as separate entities.
- the arrangement 1100 may comprise at least one computer program product 1108 in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and/or a hard drive.
- the computer program product 1108 comprises a computer program 1110, which comprises code/computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing unit 1106 in the arrangement 1100 causes the arrangement 1100 and/or the communication device and/or the terminal device in which it is comprised to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 4 through Fig. 10 or any other variant.
- EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
- the computer program 1110 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 1110A, 1110B, 1110C, 1110D, and 1110E.
- the code in the computer program of the arrangement 1100 includes: a module 1110A configured to perform a first measurement on a first carrier; a module 1110B configured to determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement; a module 1110C configured to determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; a module 1110D configured to perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; and a module 111OE configured to determine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the
- the computer program 1110 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 1110F and at least one of computer program modules 1110G and 1110H.
- the code in the computer program of the arrangement 1100 includes: a module 1110F configured to receive, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier.
- the code in the computer program of the arrangement 1100 further includes at least one of: a module 1110G configured to transmit a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and a module 1110H configured to transmit a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- the computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 4 through Fig. 10, to emulate any of the communication device and/or the terminal device.
- the different computer program modules when executed in the processing unit 1106, they may correspond to different modules in any of the communication device and/or the terminal device.
- code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with Fig. 11 are implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the processing unit causes the arrangement to perform the actions described above in conjunction with the figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
- the processor may be a single CPU (Central processing unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units.
- the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and/or related chips sets and/or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs) .
- the processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes.
- the computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor.
- the computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored.
- the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-access memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within any of the communication device and/or the terminal device.
- RAM Random-access memory
- ROM Read-Only Memory
- EEPROM Electrically Erasable programmable read-only memory
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Abstract
The present disclosure is related to a communication device, a terminal device, and methods for improved AoA determination. A method at a communication device for AoA determination comprises: performing a first measurement on a first carrier; determining a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement; determining whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; performing the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; and determining, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
Description
The present disclosure is related to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to a communication device, a terminal device, and methods for improved Angle-of-Arrival (AoA) determination.
The 5th Generation Advanced (5G-A) and 6th Generation (6G) mobile communication systems are expected to support novel services such as autonomous driving, extended reality (XR) , and so forth, which will require powerful communication and sensing capabilities simultaneously. Wireless sensing, including positioning, velocity detection, posture recognition, and object detection, has long been an independent technology developed in parallel with mobile communications. In 5G-A and 6G mobile communication systems, higher bandwidth, full duplex, and massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technologies could be indispensable. As a result, the frequency bands and antennas of wireless communication systems are becoming similar to those of radar, which makes the Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) technology feasible and promising.
JCAS transmission has been widely recognized as an efficient approach to deal with the foreseeable coexistence between communication and radar. JCAS transmissions allow effective cooperation between communication and radar sensing functionalities and have shown great potentials in improving both the performances of communication and radar sensing.
The JCAS technology enables precise measurement of the signal propagation time (Time of Flight, ToF) between sensing signal transceivers, from which distance estimates can be derived with sub-meter accuracy. By capturing the signal input at multiple antennas/antenna elements of one or more sensing receivers, it is possible to measure the phase differences of a radio signal upon its arrival at the multiple antennas/antenna elements, which are caused by the time-delayed-arrival of the signal at the spatially separated antennas/antenna elements. The phase differences in signal
arrival are thus used to estimate the AoA (Angle of Arrival) at which the signal arrives at the receivers, allowing an object to be located given only the relative angle and distance information with respect to a JCAS enabled radio node.
However, due to the nature of phase wrap-around, which means that a phase always falls in [-π, π] , a measured phase difference may have an ambiguity issue. This will cause ambiguity in the AoA estimation when the distance between antenna elements is greater thanwhere λ is the wavelength of the radio signal. This implies that a same measured phase difference α may correspond to two or more distinct AoAs In such a case, the receiver cannot determine the true AoA value based on the measured phase difference α only.
Currently, such an AoA ambiguity can be addressed by two approaches: reducing the distance between the receiving antennas/antenna elements to be less than or equal toor combining measurements from multiple sensing nodes. However, the former approach may result in a significantly reduced sensing coverage, and also a degraded communication coverage due to the sharing of the same antennas/antenna elements by both of communication and sensing, while the latter approach will require a much denser deployment of sensing nodes, resulting a significantly higher cost and inter-cell interference.
To address or at least partially alleviate one or more of the above issues, some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.
According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a communication device for AoA determination is provided. The method comprises: performing a first measurement on a first carrier; determining a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement; determining whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; performing the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; and determining, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement. Further, some other embodiments of the first aspect will be provided below in the Detailed Description.
According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided. The communication device comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to: perform a first measurement on a first carrier; determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement; determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; and determine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the communication device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect.
According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a terminal device for AoA determination is provided. The method comprises: receiving, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier. In some embodiments, the method further comprises at least one of: transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and transmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected. Further, some other embodiments of the third aspect will be provided below in the Detailed Description.
According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform at least one of: transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and transmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration
in response to a trigger event being detected. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program comprising instructions is provided. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods of any of the first aspect and the third aspect.
According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a carrier containing the computer program of the fifth aspect is provided. In some embodiments, the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a telecommunication network is provided. The telecommunication network comprises: a communication device comprising: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device to: perform a first measurement on a first carrier; determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement; determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; and determine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
In some embodiments, the telecommunication network further comprises: a terminal device, comprising: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to: receive, from the communication device, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform at least one of: transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and transmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
In some embodiments, the instructions stored in the memory of the communication device, when executed by the processor of the communication device, further cause the communication device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect. In some embodiments, the instructions stored in the memory of the terminal device, when executed by the processor of the terminal device, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
With some embodiments of the present disclosure, AoA ambiguity can be resolved without coverage impact/restrictions and efficient resource utilization can be ensured for multi-carrier data fusion.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary network in which improved AoA determination is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary antenna array to which improved AoA determination is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary approach for resolving AoA ambiguity and its limitations.
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary allocations of sensing resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination based on dynamic resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination based on static/semi-static resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination by using a sensing node and a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating exemplary simulations for improved AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a communication device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a terminal device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 11 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement which may be used in communication device and/or a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described with reference to embodiments shown in the attached drawings. However, it is to be understood that those descriptions are just provided for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. Further, in the following, descriptions of known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concept of the present disclosure.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the term "exemplary" is used herein to mean "illustrative, " or "serving as an example, " and is not intended to imply that a particular embodiment is preferred over another or that a particular feature is essential. Likewise, the terms "first" , "second" , "third" , "fourth, " and similar terms, are used simply to distinguish one particular instance of an item or feature from another, and do not indicate a particular order or arrangement, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Further, the term "step, " as used herein, is meant to be synonymous with "operation" or "action. " Any description herein of a sequence of steps does not imply that these operations must be carried out in a particular order, or even that these operations are carried out in any order at all, unless the context or the details of the described operation clearly indicates otherwise.
Conditional language used herein, such as "can, " "might, " "may, " "e.g., " and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. Also, the term "or" is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list
of elements, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Further, the term "each, " as used herein, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, can mean any subset of a set of elements to which the term "each" is applied.
The term "based on" is to be read as "based at least in part on. " The term "one embodiment" and "an embodiment" are to be read as "at least one embodiment. " The term "another embodiment" is to be read as "at least one other embodiment. " Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. In addition, language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y and Z, " unless specifically stated otherwise, is to be understood with the context as used in general to convey that an item, term, etc. may be either X, Y, or Z, or a combination thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limitation of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms "a" , "an" , and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" , "comprising" , "has" , "having" , "includes" and/or "including" , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and/or combinations thereof. It will be also understood that the terms "connect (s) , " "connecting" , "connected" , etc. when used herein, just mean that there is an electrical or communicative connection between two elements and they can be connected either directly or indirectly, unless explicitly stated to the contrary.
Of course, the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the scope and essential characteristics of the disclosure. One or more of the specific processes discussed below may be carried out in any electronic device comprising one or more appropriately configured processing circuits, which may in some embodiments be embodied in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, and/or digital signal processors programmed with appropriate software and/or firmware to carry out one or more of the operations described above, or variants thereof. In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise customized hardware to carry out one or more of the
functions described above. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
Although multiple embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the following Detailed Description, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but instead is also capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the present disclosure that as will be set forth and defined within the claims.
Further, please note that although the following description of some embodiments of the present disclosure is given in the context of 5G NR, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In fact, as long as AoA determination is involved, the inventive concept of the present disclosure may be applicable to any appropriate communication architecture, for example, to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) /General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , Time Division -Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) , CDMA2000, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , 4th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advance (LTE-A) , or 5G NR, 6th generation (6G) mobile system standard, etc. Therefore, one skilled in the arts could readily understand that the terms used herein may also refer to their equivalents in any other infrastructure. For example, the term "terminal device" used herein may refer to a UE, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a user device, a user terminal, a wireless device, a wireless terminal, or any other equivalents. For another example, the term "network node" used herein may refer to a transmission reception point (TRP) , a base station, a base transceiver station, an access point, a hot spot, a NodeB, an Evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a network element, a satellite, an aircraft, or any other equivalents. For yet another example, the term "communication device" may refer to a terminal device, a network node, or any other equivalents.
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary telecommunication network 10 in which improved AoA determination is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the network 10 may comprise one or more RAN nodes 110-1 through 110-3 (collectively, the RAN nodes 110) . Each of the RAN nodes 110 may provide services within one or more cells/coverage associated therewith. For
example, cells 105-1 through 105-3 may be served by the RAN node 110-1, cells 105-4 through 105-6 may be served by the RAN node 110-2, and a cell 105-7 may be served by the RAN node 110-3. In this way, the RAN nodes 110 may provide one or more UEs within the cells 105-1 through 105-7 (collectively, the cells 105) with one or more services, such as, a voice call service, a video call service, a Short Message Service (SMS) , a data downloading service, a streaming service, a location service, etc.
Further, the network 10 may further comprise a core network (CN) and/or one or more Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) nodes. The CN may comprise one or more CN nodes, such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , User Plane Function (UPF) , etc. The RAN nodes 110 may communicate with the CN and/or the OAM nodes, directly or indirectly, to enable the services.
In some embodiments, the RAN nodes 110 may sense one or more objects 100 (e.g., an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ) within their coverage. As shown in Fig. 1, the object 100 is moving through the cells 105, and one or more of the RAN nodes 110 may be selected to sense the object 110.
In some embodiments, the object 100 may be sensed by using a mono-static or bi-/multi-static sensing technology. For example, when the mono-static sensing technology is used, a single sensing node (e.g., the RAN node 110-1) may transmit a sensing signal towards the object 100, and receive an echo signal reflected by the object 100. By calculating a time difference between the time when the sensing signal is transmitted and the time when the echo signal is received, a distance between the RAN node 110-1 and the object 100 may be calculated. For another example, when the bi-static or multi-static sensing technology is used, a transmitter (TX) sensing node (e.g., the RAN node 110-1) may transmit a sensing signal towards the object 100, and one or more receiving (RX) sensing nodes (e.g., the RAN node 110-2 and/or the RAN node 110-3) may receive an echo signal reflected by the object 100. Similar to the mono-static sensing technology, distances between the object 100 and the sensing nodes may be calculated.
Further, as mentioned above, a phase difference in signal arrival may be used to estimate the AoA, allowing an object to be located given only the relative angle and distance information with respect to a JCAS enabled radio node.
An antenna array can be used to determine the AoA with respect to a received sensing signal. Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating such an exemplary antenna array. As shown in Fig. 2, two adjacent antennas (or antenna elements) of such an array may have a distance d from each other (e.g., that between Ch1 and Ch2 shown in Fig. 2) . A received signal will arrive at the antennas with a phase difference α. If p is the differential distance in path length received at the two antennas, and λ denotes the signal′s wavelength, the following equation applies:
If the transmitter and receiving antenna array are separated by a very large distance D from each other, compared with the distance between two adjacent receiver antennas d, that is, D >> d, the incident signals at the receiving antennas can be assumed to be approximately parallel. In this case, the AoAis identical for all antennas and can be calculated based on the trigonometric relationship shown in Fig. 2:
Based on (1) and (2) , the following equation can be derived:
From the equation (3) , it is clear that the AoAcan be calculated from the measurement phase difference α.
Phase difference ambiguity
As also mentioned above, due to the nature of phase wrap-around, which means that a measured phase always falls in [-π, π] , a measured phase difference may have an ambiguity issue. This will cause ambiguity in the AoA estimation when the distance between antenna elements is longer thanwhere λ is the wavelength of the radio signal. This implies that a same measured phase difference α may correspond to two or more distinct AoAsIn such a case, the receiver cannot determine the true AoA value based on the measured phase difference α only.
For example, based on the equation (3) , for two different AoAsandand corresponding phase differences α1 and α2, the following equations apply:
and when α1 = α2 + 2nπ, where n = ±1, ±2, ±3, ..., which means their measurements are same in view of the phase wrap-around, and therefore the measured phase differences are not distinguishable from each other.
For example, assuming that a 64TRX massive-MIMO is used as a receiver, the AoA elevation range is between
represents a realistic signal AoA, and d=2λ.
Then multiple different AoAs, may have a same measured phase difference in view of the phase wrap-around:
From the receiver′s point of view, the measured phase difference α1 to α4 are not distinguishable when α (i) = α (i + 1) + 2nπ, but corresponding AoAs have different values: 20°, -9.09° etc. In such a case, the receiver cannot determine the true AoA value from the measured phase difference only.
To address the AoA ambiguity issue described above, one of two approaches is usually used as follows.
Antenna design based approach
There will not be any ambiguity issue if the distance between the receiving antennas/antenna elements is equal to or less than
However, with a fixed number of antennas, an antenna design with no AoA ambiguity issue will force the antenna distance between antennas to be short and introduce reduced antenna gain. In other words, there would be a significant disadvantage to JCAS coverage, such as:
● Less sensing coverage.
● Affect legacy communication coverage since the antennas are shared by both communication and sensing.
In other words, reducing the distance between antennas is obviously a bad choice, or a sub-optimal choice at least, considering the coverage is one of the most important Key Performance Indicator (KPI) for a wireless system.
Multiple sites based approach
Fusion of the AoA measurement results from several sensing nodes is another approach. Since the true AoA and associated ambiguous AoA (s) vary for each sensing node, some ambiguity could be resolved by cross-validate the measurement data from different sensing nodes.
However, this approach also has its limitations, especially for mono-static sensing. To be specific, in order to cross-validate the measurement data for a same object, the several sensing nodes shall be able to sense the object at the same time, which requires an overlapped area served/sensed by the several sensing nodes as shown in (a) of Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary approach for resolving AoA ambiguity and its limitations. As shown in the top portion (a) of Fig. 3, ambiguity resolution is only possible for an overlapped area that is served/sensed by multiple sensing nodes (e.g., a sensing node 110-1 and a sensing node 110-2) . Therefore, in order to provide a ubiquitous sensing service, the sensing nodes shall be close to each other enough and consequently this will increase the cost of the infrastructure/operation and affect the sensing coverage from the network′s point of view.
As shown in the bottom portion (b) of Fig. 3, even with a short inter-sensing-nodes distance, a building may still obstruct the ambiguity resolution capability, especially in an urban area.
Therefore, the sensing coverage is limited by the ambiguity resolution approaches described above.
To address or at least partially alleviate one or more of the above issues, some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.
In some embodiments, a new multi-carrier data fusion mechanism may be triggered for AoA ambiguity resolution.
In some embodiments, different carriers could be assigned with different sensing resources with different sensing purposes. For example, a carrier (as a primary sensing carrier) may handle regular sensing activities, while one or more other carriers (as secondary sensing carriers) may handle AoA ambiguity issue.
In some embodiments, an operator (or some Artificial Intelligence (AI) application in Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) ) may select the proper carrier for sensing according to communication load.
In some embodiments, fusion of the AoA measurements from several carriers (cells) at a single sensing node may be used to resolve the AoA ambiguity issue.
In some embodiments, an operator may set up several carriers with sensing capabilities at a single node.
In some embodiments, a carrier (call it as the primary sensing carrier) may be assigned for persistent sensing operations. For example, a carrier with relatively low communication load can be selected as the primary sensing carrier for regular sensing operations, so as to reduce the impact on available radio resources for communication.
In some embodiments, the primary sensing carrier may allocate air resources for sensing. To meet the requirements for detection latency, dense or sparse, periodic or aperiodic radio resources can be configured for the purpose of sensing separately from communication.
In some embodiments, a secondary sensing carrier may be configured to resolve AoA ambiguity issue. Two possible solutions to allocate the sensing resources of the secondary sensing carrier are provided below as examples with reference to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary allocations of sensing resources according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in the top portion (a) of Fig. 4, sensing resources on the secondary sensing carrier may be statically or semi-statically configured. This indicates periodic sensing signal on the secondary sensing carrier. For example, sensing signals with a longer periodicity can be configured for the secondary sensing carrier than that for the primary sensing carrier. Since the secondary carrier focuses on AoA ambiguity resolution, less sensing air resources may be allocated, perhaps resulting in higher detection latency.
As shown in the bottom portion (b) of Fig. 4, sensing resources on the secondary sensing carrier may be dynamically configured, if needed. This indicates sensing resources on the secondary sensing carrier are configured based on a need basis, e.g., only when the primary carrier requests. In some embodiments, to avoid interference between sensing nodes, the primary sensing carrier could (optional) inform neighbouring nodes to do interference avoidance.
In some embodiments, to perform data fusion and address the AoA ambiguity issue, secondary sensing carriers may measure the AoA. The measurement results from the secondary sensing carriers and those from the primary sensing carrier may be taken into account for data fusion and processing, as will be described in detail below.
With some embodiments of the present disclosure, AoA ambiguity can be resolved without coverage impact/restrictions and efficient resource utilization can be ensured for multi-carrier data fusion.
In some embodiments, one of the focuses of the present disclosure is to improve gNB-based sensing, for example, gNB-based mono-static sensing, gNB-based bi-static or multi-static sensing, or UE-gNB/gNB-UE based bi-static or multi-static sensing. In some embodiments where UE-gNB based bi-static sensing mode is applied, additional 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) signaling is required. For example, a sensing receiver (e.g., a gNB) may request a sensing transmitter (e.g., a UE) to transmit sensing signals on the secondary sensing carrier.
In the following, some embodiments based on gNB mono-static sensing mode will be described in detail. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, gNB bi-/multi-static sensing is also possible, and/or UE/UE-gNB/gNB-UE mono/bi/multi-static sensing is also possible.
gNB based sensing
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination based on dynamic resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, while Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination based on static/semi-static resource allocation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Dynamic resource allocation message flow
As shown in Fig. 5, the procedure may begin with step S505 where an operator 500 may set up several carriers with sensing capabilities at a single node (e.g., a sensing node 110) . For example, the operator 500 may select, based on estimation/measurement of communication load of each carrier, a carrier with a lower communication load as the primary sensing carrier for regular sensing operations.
For example, two carriers (e.g., a primary sensing carrier 510 and a secondary sensing carrier 520) may be configured or set up at a single node (e.g., the sensing node 110) , one at 3.5 GHz and the other at 4.9 GHz. Given the nature of propagation
characteristics, assuming, without loss of generality, the average coverage and hence load of the 4.9 GHz carrier may be lower. In such a case, the carrier at 4.9 GHz may be chosen as the primary carrier 510 for sensing.
In some embodiments, the operator 500 might use a state-of-the-art method, such as a load balancing algorithm, to alter the communication burden, and in such a case, the primary sensing carrier may be chosen based on the load after balancing.
At step S510, a sensing configuration may be assigned to the primary sensing carrier 510 for persistent sensing operations.
At step S515, other carrier (s) may be selected as secondary sensing carrier 520 for aperiodic sensing operations. Further, a sensing configuration may be assigned to the secondary sensing carrier 520.
At step S520, the primary sensing carrier 510 may carry out recurring sensing tasks. In some embodiments, if, at step S525, it detects nothing at all or something without AoA ambiguity ( "No" ) , it may wait for a period and trigger next round of sensing. If, at step S525, the primary sensing carrier 510 successfully detects an object but with AoA ambiguity ( "Yes" ) , it may trigger the secondary carrier 520 to resolve the ambiguity. For example, the primary sensing carrier 510 may indicate some parameters related to the object to the secondary sensing carrier 520 at step S530. The purpose is to make sure the measurements in the two sensing carriers are performed towards the same target, in case of multiple targets in the sensing area. In some embodiments, possible parameters may comprise at least one of:
- Sensing detected object ID;
- ambiguity AoA range;
- sensing parameters related to the object (like Doppler shift, delay, position etc. )
In some embodiments, the primary sensing carrier 510 could optionally inform neighbouring nodes to do interference avoidance at step S530a.
At step S535, the secondary sensing carrier 520 may perform sensing. In some embodiments, the sensing results may be merged with those from the primary sensing carrier 510 to resolve the AoA ambiguity. A detailed description thereof will be provided below.
At step S540, the secondary sensing carrier 520 may provide the sensing result back to the primary sensing carrier 510 if necessary.
Static resource allocation message flow
As shown in Fig. 6, the procedure may begin with step S605, and some of the steps shown in Fig. 6 are substantially similar to those shown in Fig. 6, except for the static/semi-static resource allocations for the secondary sensing carrier and the operations based thereon. To be specific, steps S615 and S635 are different from steps S515 and S535 shown in Fig. 5, respectively.
At step S615, the operator 500 assigns the secondary sensing carrier 520 in a similar manner to that shown at step S515, but with a different sensing configuration. The sensing configuration for the secondary sensing carrier shown in Fig. 6 may assign static/semi-static (e.g., periodic) resources on the secondary sensing carrier 520 for AoA ambiguity resolution. Therefore, the secondary sensing carrier 520 may carry out recurring sensing tasks.
At step S635, if the primary sensing carrier 510 successfully detects an object but with AoA ambiguity at step S625 and then trigger the secondary carrier 520 to resolve the ambiguity at step S630, the secondary sensing carrier 510 may perform the object sensing at its next periodic resource previously configured at step S615, rather than on the resources indicated by the primary sensing carrier 510 at step S530. In some embodiments, the secondary sensing carrier may fuse or combine sensing data from both primary sensing carrier and secondary sensing carrier and resolve the AoA ambiguity.
Since other steps are substantially similar to those shown in Fig. 5, a detailed description thereof is omitted for simplicity.
gNB-UE based sensing
As mentioned earlier, the solutions described with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 may also applicable to a UE-gNB bi-static sensing in addition to the gNB mono-static sensing. In some embodiments, the sensing actions (steps S520, S535, S620, and S635) may be more complex than those for the gNB mono-static sensing since they involve additional RRC signaling between UE and gNB.
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure for improved AoA determination by using a sensing node (e.g., a gNB 700) and a terminal device (e.g., a UE 710) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This exemplary procedure may be used to implement any of the steps S520, S535, S620, and S635.
As shown in Fig. 7, the procedure may begin with step S710 where a Radio Resource Control (RRC) request message may be transmitted from the gNB 700 to the UE 710 for providing a sensing configuration.
At step S720, the UE 710 may transmit an RRC response message to the gNB 700 for acknowledging the configuration request, e.g., indicating that the sensing configuration is successfully received and applied.
At step S730, the UE 710 may send out a sensing signal, "Ping" , towards a sensing target 720 (or an area to be sensed and in which the sensing target 720 is located) based on the sensing configuration received.
At step S740, the gNB 700 may receive an "Echo" signal that is reflected by the sensing target 720.
At step S750, the gNB 700 may perform a measurement on the received "Echo" signal to determine a sensing result, e.g., a distance, an AoA, etc.
Although a procedure for UE-gNB bi-static sensing is described with reference to Fig. 7, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the embodiments shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are also applicable to UE mono-static or gNB-UE bi-/multi-static sensing.
Data fusion solution from multiple carriers
Next, a detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of how to resolve ambiguity in an AoA measurement data fusion solution will be provided below.
1. An AoA measurement may be performed, e.g., in a way similar to that shown in Fig. 2. Assuming more than one candidate AoA: is determined based on a measured phase difference α1, in which the true value isand ambiguous values are
2. The AoA possibility distribution may be generated with the estimated variance according to the GMM (Gaussian Mixture Module) model:
whereis the AoA possibility distribution for the primary sensing carrier given the measured phase difference α1, K1 is the number of the candidate AoAs for the primary sensing carrier, is the kth candidate AoA and k belongs to {1, ..., K1} , andis the variance of estimation accuracy for the primary sensing carrier.
In some embodiments, may depend on SNR and/or the specific AoA estimation algorithm. In some embodiments, a mapping between SNR andmay be determined from simulations.
For the secondary sensing carrier, an AoA possibility distribution can be obtained similarly, for example, with the following equation:
whereis the AoA possibility distribution for the secondary sensing carrier given a measured phase difference α2, K2 is the number of the candidate AoAs for the secondary sensing carrier, is the kth candidate AoA and k belongs to {1, ..., K2} , andis the variance of estimation accuracy for the secondary sensing carrier.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating exemplary simulations for improved AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
For the primary sensing carrier, assuming that:
- the primary sensing carrier works at 4.9 GHz, with a distance of d = 2λ;
- the true AoA value is
- the estimated (candidate) AoAs are-9.09°, 20°, and 57.35°;
With the equation (4) , the converted possibility distribution is shown in (a) of Fig. 8.
For the secondary sensing carrier, assuming that:
- the secondary sensing carrier works at 3.5 GHz, with a distance of d = 2λ;
- due to the different frequency (i.e., the different wavelength λ) , the estimated (candidate) AoAs areand 20°;
With the equation (5) , the converted AoA possibility distribution is shown in (b) of Fig. 8.
3. Data fusion on possibility domain
In some embodiments, the measurements from the two carriers may be combined in the possibility domain, for example:
whereis the combined probability distribution, is the possibility distribution of the more than one candidate AoA for the primary sensing
carrier given the measured phase difference α1, andis the possibility distribution of the one or more candidate AoAs for the secondary sensing carrier given the measured phase difference α2.
The combined possibility distribution can be observed in (c) of Fig. 8.
4. The AoA with the highest possibility may be selected as the estimated true value. As shown in (c) of Fig. 8, it is very clear that the AoA 20°, has the highest possibility, and therefore is determined as the true AoA value.
With the embodiments described above, AoA ambiguity can be resolved without coverage impact/restrictions and efficient resource utilization can be ensured for multi-carrier data fusion.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 900 at a communication device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 900 may be performed at a communication device (e.g., the sensing node 110 or the gNB 700) . The method 900 may comprise steps S910, S920, S930, S940, and S950. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 900 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 900 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 900 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and/or multiple steps in the method 900 may be combined into a single step.
The method 900 may begin at step S910 where the communication device may perform a first measurement on a first carrier.
At step S920, the communication device may determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement.
At step S930, the communication device may determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined.
At step S940, the communication device may perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed.
At step S950, the communication device may determine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
In some embodiments, the step of determining whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier is to be performed may comprise at least one of: determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed in response to determining that more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; and determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is not to be performed in response to determining that only one or no first candidate AoA for the object is determined. In some embodiments, the first carrier may have a lower communication load than that of at least one other carrier.
In some embodiments, first resources on the first carrier, over which the first measurement is able to be performed, may be configured for object sensing based on at least one or more requirements for sensing latency. In some embodiments, the first resources may be periodic resources having a first periodicity. In some embodiments, second resources on the second carrier, over which the second measurement is able to be performed, may be configured semi-statically or dynamically.
In some embodiments, when the second resources are configured semi-statically, the second resources may be periodic resources having a second periodicity longer than the first periodicity of the first resources. In some embodiments, when the second resources are configured dynamically, the second resources may be configured in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed. In some embodiments, before the step of performing the first measurement and/or before the step of performing the second measurement, the method 900 may further comprise: receiving, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on the first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on the second carrier.
In some embodiments, the method 900 may further comprise at least one of: determining a first candidate AoA as the AoA for the object in response to determining no other first candidate AoA than the first candidate AoA; waiting for a period in response to determining only one or no first candidate AoA; and triggering the next round of object sensing in response to determining only one or no first candidate AoA. In some embodiments, the method 900 may further comprise: transmitting, to one or
more neighboring communication devices, a message indicating that interference avoidance is to be performed, in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed.
In some embodiments, at least one of the first measurement and the second measurement may be performed on one or more sensing signals that are transmitted by the communication device itself or another communication device. In some embodiments, the other communication device may be a network node or a terminal device. In some embodiments, the first number of first candidate AoAs may comprise at least one of temporary candidate AoAs defined by:
whereis a temporary candidate AoA, n is an integer, α1 is a measured phase difference of a first sensing signal, λ1 is the wavelength of the first sensing signal, d is the antenna element spacing, and arcsin (·) is the inverse sine function.
In some embodiments, the step of determining a first number of first candidate AoAs may comprise: calculating one or more temporary candidate AoAs based on at least a measured phase difference of a first sensing signal. In some embodiments, the step of determining a first number of first candidate AoAs may further comprise at least one of: determining one or more of the temporary candidate AoAs as the first number of first candidate AoAs based on at least an AoA determined for the object in a previous round of object sensing; and determining the one or more temporary candidate AoAs as the first number of first candidate AoAs in response to determining no AoA for the object in a previous round of object sensing. In some embodiments, in response to determining more than one first candidate AoA, the method 900 may further comprise: determining a first AoA possibility distribution according to a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based on at least the more than one first candidate AoA. In some embodiments, the first AoA possibility distribution may be determined by:
whereis the first AoA possibility distribution given a measured phase difference α1 of a first sensing signal, K1 is the first number of the first candidate AoAs, is the kth first candidate AoA and k belongs to {1, ..., K1} , andis the variance of estimation accuracy.
In some embodiments, the step of determining, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object may comprise: determining one or more second candidate AoAs for the object based on at least the second measurement; and determining the AoA for the object based on at least the first number of first candidate AoAs and the one or more second candidate AoAs. In some embodiments, the one or more second candidate AoAs may comprise at least one of temporary candidate AoAs defined by:
whereis a temporary candidate AoA, n is an integer, α2 is a measured phase difference of a second sensing signal, λ2 is the wavelength of the second sensing signal, d is the antenna element spacing, and arcsin (·) is the inverse sine function.
In some embodiments, the method 900 may further comprise: determining a second AoA possibility distribution according to a GMM based on at least the one or more second candidate AoAs. In some embodiments, the second AoA possibility distribution may be determined by:
whereis the second AoA possibility distribution given a measured phase difference α2 of a second sensing signal, K2 is the number of the second candidate AoAs, is the kth second candidate AoA and k belongs to {1, ..., K2} , andis the variance of estimation accuracy.
In some embodiments, the AoA for the object may be determined as an AoA with the highest combined possibility that is calculated by:
whereis the combined probability distribution, is the possibility distribution of the more than one first candidate AoA given the measured phase difference α1 of the first sensing signal, andis the possibility distribution of the one or more second candidate AoAs given the measured phase difference α2 of the second sensing signal.
In some embodiments, the communication device may comprise at least one of: a network node; and a terminal device.
Fig. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 1000 at a terminal device for AoA determination according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 1000 may be performed at a terminal device (e.g., the UE 710) . The method 1000 may comprise a step S1010 and at least one of steps S1020 and S1030. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 1000 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 1000 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 1000 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and/or multiple steps in the method 1000 may be combined into a single step.
The method 1000 may begin at step S1010 where the terminal device may receive, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier.
In some embodiments, the method 1000 may further comprise at least one of steps S1020 and S1030.
At step S1020, the terminal device may transmit a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration.
At step S1030, the terminal device may transmit a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
In some embodiments, the first carrier may have a lower communication load than that of at least one other carrier. In some embodiments, first resources on the first carrier, over which the first sensing signal is able to be transmitted, may be configured based on at least one or more requirements for sensing latency. In some embodiments, the first resources may be periodic resources having a first periodicity. In some embodiments, second resources on the second carrier, over which the second sensing signal is able to be transmitted, may be configured semi-statically or dynamically.
In some embodiments, when the second resources are configured semi-statically, the second resources may be periodic resources having a second periodicity longer than the first periodicity of the first resources. In some embodiments, when the second resources are configured dynamically, the second resources may be configured only when the second sensing signal is to be transmitted. In some embodiments, the trigger
event may comprise at least one of: receiving, from the network node, a message indicating that the second sensing signal is to be transmitted; and a periodic timer configured for transmitting the second sensing signal.
Fig. 11 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 1100 which may be used in a communication device (e.g., the sensing node 110 or the gNB 700) and/or a terminal device (e.g., the UE 710) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Comprised in the arrangement 1100 are a processing unit 1106, e.g., with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a Central Processing Unit (CPU) . The processing unit 1106 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein. The arrangement 1100 may also comprise an input unit 1102 for receiving signals from other entities, and an output unit 1104 for providing signal (s) to other entities. The input unit 1102 and the output unit 1104 may be arranged as an integrated entity or as separate entities.
Furthermore, the arrangement 1100 may comprise at least one computer program product 1108 in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and/or a hard drive. The computer program product 1108 comprises a computer program 1110, which comprises code/computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing unit 1106 in the arrangement 1100 causes the arrangement 1100 and/or the communication device and/or the terminal device in which it is comprised to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 4 through Fig. 10 or any other variant.
The computer program 1110 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 1110A, 1110B, 1110C, 1110D, and 1110E. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 1100 is used in a communication device for AoA determination, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 1100 includes: a module 1110A configured to perform a first measurement on a first carrier; a module 1110B configured to determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement; a module 1110C configured to determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; a module 1110D configured to perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that
the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; and a module 111OE configured to determine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
Additionally or alternatively, the computer program 1110 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 1110F and at least one of computer program modules 1110G and 1110H. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment, when the arrangement 1100 is used in a terminal device for AoA determination, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 1100 includes: a module 1110F configured to receive, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier. In some embodiments, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 1100 further includes at least one of: a module 1110G configured to transmit a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; and a module 1110H configured to transmit a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
The computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 4 through Fig. 10, to emulate any of the communication device and/or the terminal device. In other words, when the different computer program modules are executed in the processing unit 1106, they may correspond to different modules in any of the communication device and/or the terminal device.
Although the code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with Fig. 11 are implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the processing unit causes the arrangement to perform the actions described above in conjunction with the figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
The processor may be a single CPU (Central processing unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units. For example, the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and/or related chips sets and/or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs) . The processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes. The computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor. The computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which
the computer program is stored. For example, the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-access memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within any of the communication device and/or the terminal device.
The present disclosure is described above with reference to the embodiments thereof. However, those embodiments are provided just for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the attached claims as well as equivalents thereof. Those skilled in the art can make various alternations and modifications without departing from the scope of the disclosure, which all fall into the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (41)
- A method (900) at a communication device (110, 700) for Angle of Arrival (AoA) determination, the method (900) comprising:performing (S910) a first measurement on a first carrier;determining (S920) a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement;determining (S930) whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined;performing (S940) the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; anddetermining (S950) , from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
- The method (900) of claim 1, wherein the step of determining (S930) whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier is to be performed comprises at least one of:determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed in response to determining that more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined; anddetermining that the second measurement on the second carrier is not to be performed in response to determining that only one or no first candidate AoA for the object is determined.
- The method (900) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first carrier has a lower communication load than that of at least one other carrier.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein first resources on the first carrier, over which the first measurement is able to be performed, are configured for object sensing based on at least one or more requirements for sensing latency.
- The method (900) of claim 4, wherein the first resources are periodic resources having a first periodicity.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein second resources on the second carrier, over which the second measurement is able to be performed, are configured semi-statically or dynamically.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the second resources are configured semi-statically, the second resources are periodic resources having a second periodicity longer than the first periodicity of the first resources.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein when the second resources are configured dynamically, the second resources are configured in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein before the step of performing (S910) the first measurement and/or before the step of performing (S940) the second measurement, the method (900) further comprises:receiving, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on the first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on the second carrier.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 9, further comprising at least one of:determining a first candidate AoA as the AoA for the object in response to determining no other first candidate AoA than the first candidate AoA;waiting for a period in response to determining only one or no first candidate AoA; andtriggering the next round of object sensing in response to determining only one or no first candidate AoA.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 10, further comprising:transmitting, to one or more neighboring communication devices (530) , a message indicating that interference avoidance is to be performed, in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein at least one of the first measurement and the second measurement is performed on one or more sensing signals that are transmitted by the communication device (110) itself or another communication device (710) .
- The method (900) of claim 12, wherein the other communication device (710) is a network node or a terminal device (710) .
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first number of first candidate AoAs comprise at least one of temporary candidate AoAs defined by:
whereis a temporary candidate AoA, n is an integer, α1 is a measured phase difference of a first sensing signal, λ1 is the wavelength of the first sensing signal, d is the antenna element spacing, and arcsin (·) is the inverse sine function. - The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the step of determining a first number of first candidate AoAs comprises:calculating one or more temporary candidate AoAs based on at least a measured phase difference of a first sensing signal,wherein the step of determining a first number of first candidate AoAs further comprises at least one of:determining one or more of the temporary candidate AoAs as the first number of first candidate AoAs based on at least an AoA determined for the object in a previous round of object sensing; anddetermining the one or more temporary candidate AoAs as the first number of first candidate AoAs in response to determining no AoA for the object in a previous round of object sensing.
- The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 15, wherein in response to determining more than one first candidate AoA, the method (900) further comprises:determining a first AoA possibility distribution according to a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based on at least the more than one first candidate AoA.
- The method (900) of claim 16, wherein the first AoA possibility distribution is determined by:
whereis the first AoA possibility distribution given a measured phase difference α1 of a first sensing signal, K1 is the first number of the first candidate AoAs, is the kth first candidate AoA and k belongs to {1, ..., K1} , andis the variance of estimation accuracy. - The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the step of determining, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object comprises:determining one or more second candidate AoAs for the object based on at least the second measurement; anddetermining the AoA for the object based on at least the first number of first candidate AoAs and the one or more second candidate AoAs.
- The method (900) of claim 18, wherein the one or more second candidate AoAs comprise at least one of temporary candidate AoAs defined by:
whereis a temporary candidate AoA, n is an integer, α2 is a measured phase difference of a second sensing signal, λ2 is the wavelength of the second sensing signal, d is the antenna element spacing, and arcsin (·) is the inverse sine function. - The method (900) of claim 18 or 19, further comprising:determining a second AoA possibility distribution according to a GMM based on at least the one or more second candidate AoAs.
- The method (900) of claim 20, wherein the second AoA possibility distribution is determined by:
whereis the second AoA possibility distribution given a measured phase difference α2 of a second sensing signal, K2 is the number of the second candidate AoAs, is the kth second candidate AoA and k belongs to {1, ..., K2} , andis the variance of estimation accuracy. - The method (900) of any of claims 18 to 21, wherein the AoA for the object is determined as an AoA with the highest combined possibility that is calculated by:
whereis the combined probability distribution, is the possibility distribution of the more than one first candidate AoA given the measured phase difference α1 of the first sensing signal, andis the possibility distribution of the one or more second candidate AoAs given the measured phase difference α2 of the second sensing signal. - The method (900) of any of claims 1 to 22, wherein the communication device (110, 700) comprises at least one of:a network node (110, 700) ; anda terminal device.
- A communication device (110, 700, 1100) , comprising:a processor (1106) ;a memory (1108) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (1106) , cause the communication device (110, 700, 1100) to:perform a first measurement on a first carrier;determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement;determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined;perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; anddetermine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
- The communication device (110, 700, 1100) of claim 24, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (1106) , further cause the communication device (110, 700, 1100) to perform the method (900) of any of claims 2 to 23.
- A method (1000) at a terminal device (710) for AoA determination, the method (1000) comprising:receiving (S1010) , from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier,wherein the method (1000) further comprises at least one of:transmitting (S1020) a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; andtransmitting (S1030) a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- The method (1000) of claim 26, wherein the first carrier has a lower communication load than that of at least one other carrier.
- The method (1000) of claim 26 or 27, wherein first resources on the first carrier, over which the first sensing signal is able to be transmitted, are configured based on at least one or more requirements for sensing latency.
- The method (1000) of claim 28, wherein the first resources are periodic resources having a first periodicity.
- The method (1000) of any of claims 26 to 29, wherein second resources on the second carrier, over which the second sensing signal is able to be transmitted, are configured semi-statically or dynamically.
- The method (1000) of any of claims 26 to 30, wherein when the second resources are configured semi-statically, the second resources are periodic resources having a second periodicity longer than the first periodicity of the first resources.
- The method (1000) of any of claims 26 to 31, wherein when the second resources are configured dynamically, the second resources are configured only when the second sensing signal is to be transmitted.
- The method (1000) of any of claims 26 to 32, wherein the trigger event comprises at least one of:- receiving, from the network node, a message indicating that the second sensing signal is to be transmitted; and- a periodic timer configured for transmitting the second sensing signal.
- A terminal device (710, 1100) , comprising:a processor (1106) ;a memory (1108) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (1106) , cause the terminal device (710, 1100) to:receive, from a network node, a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier,wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device (710, 1100) to perform at least one of:transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; andtransmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- The terminal device (710, 1100) of claim 34, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor (1106) , further cause the terminal device (710, 1100) to perform the method (1000) of any of claims 27 to 33.
- A computer program (1110) comprising instructions which, when executed by at least one processor (1106) , cause the at least one processor (1106) to carry out the method (900, 1000) of any of claims 1 to 23 and 26 to 33.
- A carrier (1108) containing the computer program (1110) of claim 36, wherein the carrier (1108) is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
- A telecommunication network (10) , comprising:a communication device (110, 700) comprising:a processor;a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the communication device (110, 700) to:perform a first measurement on a first carrier;determine a first number of first candidate AoAs for an object based on at least the first measurement;determine whether or not a second measurement on a second carrier that is different from the first carrier is to be performed based on at least whether more than one first candidate AoA for the object is determined;perform the second measurement on the second carrier in response to determining that the second measurement on the second carrier is to be performed; anddetermine, from the first number of first candidate AoAs, an AoA for the object based on at least the first measurement and the second measurement.
- The telecommunication network (10) of claim 38, further comprising:a terminal device (710) , comprising:a processor;a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device (710) to:receive, from the communication device (110, 700) , a message indicating at least one of a first configuration for object sensing on a first carrier and a second configuration for object sensing on a second carrier,wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device (710) to perform at least one of:transmitting a first sensing signal on the first carrier based on at least the first configuration; andtransmitting a second sensing signal on the second carrier based on at least the second configuration in response to a trigger event being detected.
- The telecommunication network (10) of claim 38 or 39, wherein the instructions stored in the memory of the communication device (110, 700) , when executed by the processor of the communication device (110, 700) , further cause the communication device (110, 700) to perform the method (900) of any of claims 2 to 23.
- The telecommunication network (10) of claim 39 or 40, wherein the instructions stored in the memory of the terminal device (710) , when executed by the processor of the terminal device (710) , further cause the terminal device (710) to perform the method (1000) of any of claims 27 to 33.
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| PCT/CN2024/088556 Pending WO2025217873A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 | 2024-04-18 | Improved angle-of-arrival (aoa) determina tion |
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Citations (3)
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| WO2016157613A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Radio wave arrival angle detection device, vehicle detection system, radio wave arrival angle detection method, and vehicle erroneous detection prevention method |
| US20210116531A1 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-22 | Intel Corporation | Radar apparatus, system, and method of generating angle of arrival (aoa) information |
| CN115698760A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2023-02-03 | 高通股份有限公司 | Wireless communication-based cross-carrier sensing for position detection |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016157613A1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Radio wave arrival angle detection device, vehicle detection system, radio wave arrival angle detection method, and vehicle erroneous detection prevention method |
| CN115698760A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2023-02-03 | 高通股份有限公司 | Wireless communication-based cross-carrier sensing for position detection |
| US20210116531A1 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-22 | Intel Corporation | Radar apparatus, system, and method of generating angle of arrival (aoa) information |
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