WO2025210657A1

WO2025210657A1 - A multi wheeled vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2025210657A1
Application number: PCT/IN2025/050452
Authority: WO
Inventors: Panneerselvam Murugadoss; Sakthivel Karuppusamy; Mosali Nagarjun Reddy
Original assignee: TVS Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: TVS Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2024-03-31
Filing date: 2025-03-25
Publication date: 2025-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 2026-09-30
Also published as: PE20252717A1

Abstract

The present invention discloses a vehicle and the placement of Integrated Starter Generator controller within a vehicle's cabin assembly. The ISG controller is securely mounted on one of the longitudinal members, offset from the power unit in the vehicle width direction and offset from the battery unit in the vehicle width direction.

Description

TITLE OF INVENTION:

A MULTI WHEELED VEHICLE

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention proposes an electrical system for a vehicle for ensuring improved serviceability, ease of assembly and handling at the same time increases efficiency.

BACKGROUND

[0002] An Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) is a crucial component in modern automotive engineering. Essentially, an Integrated Starter Generator serves a dual purpose, acting both as a starter motor to initiate the internal combustion engine and as a generator to recharge the vehicle's battery unit or power auxiliary systems. This integration optimizes space, weight, and efficiency within the vehicle's powertrain system.

[0003] In hybrid vehicles, the Integrated Starter Generator facilitates seamless transitions between electric and internal combustion propulsion modes, enhancing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. Furthermore, in electric vehicles, the Integrated Starter Generator contributes to regenerative braking, capturing kinetic energy during deceleration and converting it into electrical energy to recharge the battery unit.

[0004] The optimal operation of an Integrated Starter Generator is contingent upon precise control mechanisms. An Integrated Starter Generator controller specifically designed for the Integrated Starter Generator regulates its functions, including engine starting, power generation, and torque delivery. This controller employs sophisticated algorithms and sensors to monitor various parameters such as engine speed, battery state of charge, vehicle speed, and driver input.

[0005] By dynamically adjusting the Integrated Starter Generator 's output, the controller optimizes performance, efficiency, and durability of the vehicle's powertrain system. Moreover, advancements in control algorithms enable enhanced functionality such as torque smoothing, idle stop-start functionality, and predictive energy management.

[0006] The functionality of an Integrated Starter Generator controller is influenced by several critical factors. Firstly, temperature variations, ranging from extreme heat to cold conditions, can significantly impact the controller's performance and longevity. Fluctuations in temperature affect the conductivity of electrical components and mechanical tolerances, necessitating adaptive control strategies to maintain optimal operation. Secondly, the dynamic nature of vehicular environments exposes the Integrated Starter Generator controller to vibrations and shocks, which can compromise its integrity and lead to premature wear. Effective vibration damping techniques and robust component design are imperative to mitigate these effects and ensure long-term reliability. Furthermore, electromagnetic interference (EMI) poses a significant challenge to the Integrated Starter Generator controller's functionality, as sensitive electronic components are susceptible to disruption from electromagnetic fields generated by various vehicle systems. Implementing robust shielding measures and adhering to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards are essential to safeguard the Integrated Starter Generator controller's operation and ensure uninterrupted performance.

[0007] The placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller within a vehicle plays a crucial role in determining its performance and resilience to external factors. Heat dissipation is a primary concern, as proximity to heat-generating components like the engine or exhaust assembly can elevate the controller's operating temperature, potentially compromising its functionality. Effective thermal management systems and strategic placement are essential to dissipate excess heat. Moreover, the controller's resilience to vibrations, commonly found near engine or suspension components, is paramount to ensuring long-term reliability. Implementing robust mounting strategies and vibration isolation techniques is critical in safeguarding the controller from mechanical stresses. Additionally, mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI) is vital, as placing the Integrated Starter Generator controller near high- voltage cables or ignition systems increases the risk of malfunctions. Adequate shielding and grounding measures are imperative to maintain signal integrity and prevent interference. Ultimately, by carefully considering these factors, automotive engineers can optimize the design and placement of Integrated Starter Generator controllers, enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and safety of vehicles equipped with integrated starter generator technology.

[0008] In a three- wheeled vehicle, the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller must be meticulously considered due to the unique dynamics and limited space constraints inherent to such vehicles. Conventionally, Integrated Starter Generator controllers in three- wheelers are often placed near the engine compartment or onto the driver or passenger cabin, where space permits, to facilitate integration with other powertrain components while considering accessibility for maintenance and servicing. Heat dissipation becomes particularly critical, as the compact layout often results in limited airflow around crucial components. Placing the ISG controller in close proximity to the engine or exhaust assembly can elevate its operating temperature, potentially compromising functionality. Moreover, the vehicle's reduced footprint amplifies concerns regarding vibration resilience, as the Integrated Starter Generator controller may be subjected to higher levels of mechanical stress from road irregularities and vehicle manoeuvres. Implementing robust mounting strategies and vibration damping materials is crucial to safeguarding the controller's integrity and ensuring long-term reliability. Additionally, the compact design of three-wheeled vehicles may pose challenges in mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI), as the controller may be situated closer to high- voltage cables or ignition systems. Adequate shielding and grounding measures are imperative to maintain signal integrity and prevent EMI-induced malfunctions. By addressing these factors, designers can optimize the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller in three-wheeled vehicles, enhancing performance, reliability, and safety.

[0009] The challenges encountered in Integrated Starter Generator controller placement within three-wheeled vehicles present a unique set of considerations distinct from those encountered in two-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles. Unlike two-wheelers, three-wheeled vehicles typically feature a more complex architecture, often with a wider footprint. Consequently, the Integrated Starter Generator controller must contend with heightened mechanical stresses and vibrations resulting from the vehicle's additional wheel and load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, compared to four-wheeled vehicles, three-wheelers often have a more compact design, limiting available space for component placement and exacerbating concerns related to heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference. These factors necessitate tailored solutions for thermal management and vibration resilience specific to the unique dynamics of threewheeled vehicles, highlighting the distinct challenges faced in optimizing Integrated Starter Generator controller placement in this vehicle category.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[00010] An Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) is a crucial component in modem automotive engineering. Essentially, an Integrated Starter Generator serves a dual purpose, acting both as a starter motor to initiate the internal combustion engine and as a generator to recharge the vehicle's battery unit or power auxiliary systems. This integration optimizes space, weight, and efficiency within the vehicle's powertrain system.

[00011] The optimal operation of an Integrated Starter Generator is contingent upon precise control mechanisms. An Integrated Starter Generator controller specifically designed for the Integrated Starter Generator regulates its functions, including engine starting, power generation, and torque delivery. This controller employs sophisticated algorithms and sensors to monitor various parameters such as engine speed, battery state of charge, vehicle speed, and driver input.

[00012] The placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller within a vehicle plays a crucial role in determining its performance and resilience to external factors. Heat dissipation is a primary concern, as proximity to heat-generating components like the engine or exhaust assembly can elevate the controller's operating temperature, potentially compromising its functionality. Effective thermal management systems and strategic placement are essential to dissipate excess heat. Moreover, the controller's resilience to vibrations, commonly found near engine or suspension components, is paramount to ensuring long-term reliability. Implementing robust mounting strategies and vibration isolation techniques is critical in safeguarding the controller from mechanical stresses. Additionally, mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI) is vital, as placing the Integrated Starter Generator controller near high-voltage cables or ignition systems increases the risk of malfunctions.

[00013] The present application provides an approach to optimize the placement of Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) controllers within three-wheeled vehicles. By addressing the unique dynamics and spatial constraints inherent to such vehicles, the invention aims to enhance the performance, reliability, and safety of Integrated Starter Generator controller in the three wheeled vehicle category.

[00014] An objective of the present invention is to minimize the effects of heat on Integrated Starter Generator controllers in three-wheeled vehicles by providing strategic placement strategies for Integrated Starter Generator controllers. This aims to ensure that the controllers operate within optimal temperature ranges, thereby improving their longevity and functionality. [00015] Another objective of the present invention is to enhance vibration resilience in three-wheeled vehicles by providing robust and vibration damping structural location for ISG controllers. By mitigating the detrimental effects of mechanical stresses and vibrations, this objective seeks to bolster the reliability and durability of the Integrated Starter Generator controller.

[00016] Yet another objective of the present invention is to develop effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) prevention for Integrated Starter Generator controllers in compact three-wheeled vehicle designs. This aims to safeguard the controllers from EMI- induced malfunctions, ensuring uninterrupted operation and maintaining the safety and functionality of the Integrated Starter Generator.

[00017] Furthermore, an objective of the present invention is to optimize space utilization in three-wheeled vehicles by devising space-efficient layouts and packaging solutions for Integrated Starter Generator controllers. This objective seeks to maximize spatial utilization, allowing for seamless integration of Integrated Starter Generator controller into the three wheeled vehicle architecture without compromising functionality or safety.

[00018] The frame structure of the three-wheeled vehicle exemplifies a meticulously designed chassis configuration, comprising distinct compartments tailored to accommodate various functional components. In an embodiment, at the forefront, the front compartment houses essential elements such as the head tube for the handlebar assembly, the main tube connecting the head tube to the chassis, and the driver seat assembly perched atop the chassis. This compartmentalized layout not only streamlines assembly and maintenance processes but also enhances the vehicle's structural robustness and stability, contributing to a smoother and more comfortable ride experience for occupants.

[00019] Moreover, in an embodiment, the middle compartment of the chassis framework plays a pivotal role in facilitating passenger accommodation, featuring a seat base bottom supported by longitudinal members. The middle compartment can also be called the passenger compartment. This section is engineered to prioritize passenger comfort and safety, providing ample seating space while maintaining structural integrity and weight distribution. Additionally, in an embodiment, the rear compartment serves as the designated housing encompassing crucial components such as the power unit and other driving mechanisms essential for the vehicle's propulsion. [00020] Within the confines of the rear compartment, in an embodiment, the power unit assumes a central position. In an embodiment the power unit is an internal combustion engine (IC engine). In another embodiment, ancillary components such as the fuel tank, strategically positioned upwardly and leftward of the cabin assembly when viewed from the rear side of the vehicle, complement the power unit's functionality, facilitating efficient fuel delivery and storage. Moreover, in an embodiment, ancillary systems like the evaporative emission control system are intricately integrated with the fuel tank, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations while optimizing fuel efficiency and emissions performance. Additionally, in an embodiment, the presence of an air cleaner positioned above the IC engine underscores the meticulous attention to detail in the vehicle's design, prioritizing engine longevity and performance through effective filtration and air intake management strategies.

[00021] In an embodiment, the Integrated Starter Generator (Integrated Starter Generator) is functionally connected to the crankshaft of the power unit of vehicle, forming a cohesive powertrain system. This connection allows the Integrated Starter Generator to perform dual functions: initiating the engine startup and generating electrical power during operation. By being intricately connected to the engine, the Integrated Starter Generator can efficiently harness mechanical energy during deceleration, converting it into electrical energy to recharge the vehicle's battery unit or power auxiliary systems. Further, this connection optimizes the overall efficiency and performance of the vehicle's powertrain, facilitating smooth transitions between propulsion modes and enhancing fuel economy. Furthermore, the connection between the ISG and the engine enables precise control and coordination of power delivery, ensuring seamless operation and maximizing the overall drivability of the threewheeled vehicle.

[00022] In an embodiment, the battery unit is positioned ahead of the engine within the three- wheeled vehicle's chassis, while maintaining an optimum distance from both the ISG and the engine, as well as other components associated with the battery unit such as but not limited to lighting system. This placement optimizes weight distribution and balance within the vehicle, enhancing stability and handling characteristics. Moreover, maintaining an optimal distance between the battery unit, ISG, and engine minimizes the risk of interference or heat transfer between these critical components, thus preserving their functionality and longevity. [00023] In the present invention, the Integrated Starter Generator controller is mounted on the longitudinal member of the vehicle chassis. In an embodiment the ISG controller is offset from the engine in the vehicle width direction behind the passenger compartment. In another embodiment, the Integrated Starter Generator controller is offset from the battery unit in the vehicle width direction. The placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller on the longitudinal member of the vehicle chassis offers several advantages that contribute to the enhanced reliability and longevity of the Integrated Starter Generator controller. It optimizes the controller's distance to the Integrated Starter Generator, which is functionally connected to the crankshaft of the power unit, while minimizing potential interference or heat transfer. By locating the Integrated Starter Generator controller on the longitudinal member, it is possible to mitigate vibration-induced stress and ensure optimal structural support, enhancing the controller's reliability and longevity. Further, by positioning the Integrated Starter Generator controller on the longitudinal member, the controller benefits from enhanced isolation from transmission system, power unit, and other vehicle components inducing vibration, which effectively shields the controller from potential mechanical disturbances, safeguarding its integrity over prolonged periods of use. Consequently, the overall reliability of the Integrated Starter Generator is bolstered, as it remains resilient to the dynamic operating conditions encountered in everyday driving scenarios. And the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller on the chassis longitudinal member enables easier access for maintenance and servicing tasks, Heat dissipation becomes more efficient as the controller is afforded better airflow in its location on the longitudinal member, reducing the risk of thermal damage to sensitive electronic components. Further, this placement allows the controller to leverage the airflow generated by the vehicle's motion, effectively dissipating heat generated during operation. As the vehicle moves forward, air entering from provisions provided in the vehicle panels passes over the longitudinal member, carrying away excess heat from the Integrated Starter Generator controller. This natural cooling mechanism helps to maintain the temperature of the controller within optimal operating limits, mitigating the risk of overheating and ensuring consistent performance over prolonged periods. This proactive measure not only ensures the optimal operating temperature of the Integrated Starter Generator controller but also prevents heat-related degradation, thereby extending its lifespan. [00024] Furthermore, offsetting the controller from the power unit and exhaust assembly mitigates the risk of heat buildup, preserving the integrity of sensitive electronic components and maintaining consistent performance. Heat dissipation becomes more efficient as the controller is afforded better airflow in its location on the longitudinal member, reducing the risk of thermal damage to sensitive electronic components.

[00025] Furthermore, the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller offset from the power unit optimally reduces the wiring length from the Integrated Starter Generator controller to the Integrated Starter Generator, minimizing electrical resistance and potential points of failure . And the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller on the longitudinal member optimally reduces the wiring length from battery unit, and other electronic components, minimizing electrical resistance and potential points of failure, thereby enhancing system efficiency and reliability.

[00026] Additionally, positioning the Integrated Starter Generator controller behind the passenger compartment and ahead of the exhaust assembly optimizes accessibility for maintenance and servicing tasks, facilitating efficient troubleshooting and minimizing downtime. Compared to locations onto the cabin, this placement improves accessibility to the controller, simplifying inspection, troubleshooting, and repair procedures. This accessibility not only facilitates faster turnaround times for maintenance but also reduces downtime associated with servicing, ultimately enhancing the vehicle's availability and operational efficiency. Overall, by mitigating overheating risks, isolating from mechanical stresses, and improving accessibility, the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller on the longitudinal member significantly contributes to the overall reliability and longevity of the Integrated Starter Generator in three- wheeled vehicles.

[00027] The integrated starter generator controller is mounted on an upper surface of the longitudinal member, which is positioned opposite to the surface facing the ground. This configuration ensures that the controller is shielded from water, debris, and other contaminants encountered during vehicle operation. By positioning the controller in this manner, the risk of exposure to environmental factors that may lead to corrosion or electrical malfunctions is significantly reduced, thereby improving the overall reliability and longevity of the system.

[00028] To enhance durability and performance, the integrated starter generator controller is thermally insulated from heat-generating components of the power unit. Given that excessive heat can degrade electronic components and reduce operational efficiency, the controller is positioned or shielded in a manner that minimizes direct heat transfer. This insulation can be achieved through the use of heat-resistant materials, air gaps, or dedicated cooling channels, ensuring stable operation even in high-temperature environments.

[00029] The integrated starter generator controller is housed within a protective enclosure to safeguard it from external impacts and adverse environmental conditions. The enclosure may be designed to withstand vibrations, mechanical shocks, moisture, and dust ingress, ensuring the controller's integrity in various operating conditions. This protective measure enhances the durability of the controller, preventing damage due to accidental collisions with other components or external objects.

[00030] The integrated starter generator controller is communicatively connected to a vehicle control unit to enable optimized power management and diagnostic monitoring. Through this connection, real-time data regarding the integrated starter generator’s performance, power distribution, and system health can be transmitted to the vehicle control unit. This integration allows for adaptive power control, fault detection, and predictive maintenance, ensuring efficient operation and prolonged system life.

[00031] To prevent overheating during prolonged operation, the integrated starter generator controller is provided with a cooling mechanism. This cooling mechanism may include passive heat sinks, active air or liquid cooling systems, or thermally conductive materials that dissipate heat away from the controller. By maintaining optimal temperature levels, the cooling mechanism enhances the efficiency and longevity of the controller, preventing performance degradation due to thermal stress.

[00032] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[00033] The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components. [00034] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a frame structure of a three-wheeled vehicle, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter.

[00035] FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of a cabin assembly of a three-wheeled vehicle depicting ISG controller in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[00036] In one aspect, the present invention is directed towards a three-wheeled vehicle, herein also referred to as “vehicle”.

[00037] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a frame structure 101 of a three-wheeled vehicle 100, in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. The frame structure 101 of the three-wheeled vehicle 100 depicts a chassis 124 of the three-wheeled vehicle that includes a cabin assembly 112 on the rear side of the three- wheeled vehicle. In an embodiment, the frame structure 101 of the three- wheeled vehicle includes three compartments. A front compartment including a head tube 128 that mounts a handlebar assembly (not shown) of the three-wheeled vehicle, a main tube 126 that connects the head tube 128 and the chassis 124 and a driver seat assembly (not shown) that is housed on top of the chassis 124. In one embodiment, the frame assembly 101 further includes a middle compartment that includes a seat base bottom housed on top of a plurality of longitudinal members 118. The seat base bottom of the middle compartment generally enables seating of passengers or occupants of the three-wheeled vehicle. Further, in one embodiment, the frame structure 101 also includes a rear compartment that houses the cabin assembly 112.

[00038] The vehicle 100 has a front cowl (not shown) positioned in front of the head tube 128. A floorboard (not shown) extends from a bottom portion of the front cowl, towards the rear portion R of the vehicle 100 and the floorboard is supported by a main tube 126. A steering assembly (not shown) comprising a front fork is connected to the handlebar assembly and aids in steering a front wheel (not shown). Two or more rear wheels (not shown) are connected to a swing arm (not shown) through one or more suspension(s) (not shown) on the rear of the vehicle 100. [00039] In one embodiment, the cabin assembly 112 of the present subject matter houses a power unit 102 and the other driving components of the three- wheeled vehicle. In an embodiment, the power unit 102 is an internal combustion engine. Further, in one embodiment, the cabin assembly 112 includes a fuel tank 108 disposed upwardly of the cabin assembly 112 when viewed from the rear side of the three-wheeled vehicle. In an embodiment, the cabin assembly 112 also includes an air cleaner 106 disposed upwardly and rightward of the IC engine 102.

[00040] In one embodiment, the cabin assembly 112 includes the longitudinal members 118 extending on both left and right sides of the cabin. In an embodiment, the seat base bottom of the middle compartment has an elongated member that extends inside the cabin assembly 112. The elongated member is a seat base middle (not shown).

[00041] A power unit 102 is mounted to the frame assembly 101 on the rear portion of the vehicle 100. In an embodiment, the power unit 102 being one of an engine assembly or a motor. This arrangement optimizes space utilization, ensuring a compact vehicle, while ensuring convenient access to the power unit 102 through a rear opening. The accessibility of the power unit 102 through the rear opening is crucial for regular maintenance and repairs, ensuring the vehicle's longevity and continued reliability.

[00042] In an embodiment, the power unit 102 comprises of an IC engine, a transmission system (not shown), which is functionally connected to the rear wheels (not shown) for transmitting power from the power unit.

[00043] FIG. 2 exemplarily illustrates a top view of cabin assembly 112 of a three-wheeled vehicle 100, depicting an Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 in accordance with an embodiment of the present subject matter. The cabin assembly 112 further comprises of a right longitudinal member 118A, and a left longitudinal member 118B. The right longitudinal member 118A, and a left longitudinal member 118B are parallelly connected to each other by means of a cross members 119, such that the right longitudinal member 118A, and a left longitudinal member 118B extend in a direction substantially parallel to the lateral direction of the vehicle 100. The power unit 102 is mounted to the frame assembly 101 on the rear portion of the vehicle 100. The power unit 102 is disposed in a space substantially between two longitudinal members 118. Also, the power unit 102 is disposed substantially rearwardly of at least one cross member 119 disposed transversely to a longitudinal axis of said vehicle 100. The Integrated Starter Generator (not shown) is functionally connected to the crankshaft of the power unit 102 of vehicle 100, forming a cohesive powertrain system. This connection allows the Integrated Starter Generator to perform dual functions: initiating the power unit 102 startup and generating electrical power during operation. By being intricately connected to the power unit 102, the Integrated Starter Generator can efficiently harness mechanical energy during deceleration, converting it into electrical energy to recharge the vehicle's battery unit or power auxiliary systems. This connection optimizes the overall efficiency and performance of the vehicle's powertrain, facilitating smooth transitions between propulsion modes and enhancing fuel economy. Furthermore, the connection between the Integrated Starter Generator and the power unit 102 enables precise control and coordination of power delivery, ensuring seamless operation and maximizing the overall driv ability of the vehicle 100.

[00044] Further, the exhaust assembly 104 is mounted on the rear most part of the cabin assembly 112 of the vehicle 100, behind the power unit 102. The battery unit 103 is mounted on the front part of the cabin assembly 112 of vehicle 100, ahead of the power unit 102 while maintaining an optimum distance from both the Integrated Starter Generator and the power unit 102. This placement optimizes weight distribution and balance within the vehicle, enhancing stability and handling characteristics. Moreover, maintaining an optimal distance between the battery unit, Integrated Starter Generator, and engine minimizes the risk of interference or heat transfer between these critical components, thus preserving their functionality and longevity.

[00045] The Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 manages and controls the functions and operations of an Integrated Starter Generator, regulating its starting, generating, and auxiliary power functionalities within a vehicle 100. The Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 is securely mounted on one of the longitudinal members 118A, 118B. In an embodiment the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 is offset from the power unit 102 in the vehicle width direction. In another embodiment, the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 is offset from the battery unit 103 in the vehicle width direction. The positioning of the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 on one of the longitudinal members 118A, Integrated Starter Generator controller 111. It optimizes the controller's optimal distance to the Integrated Starter Generator which is functionally connected to the crankshaft of the power unit 102, while minimizing potential interference or heat transfer. By situating the Integrated Starter Generator controller on one of the longitudinal members 118A, 118B, helps mitigate vibration- induced stress and ensure optimal structural support, enhancing the controller's reliability and longevity. This isolation minimizes the risk of component failure and ensures the structural integrity of the Integrated Starter Generator over prolonged periods of use. Consequently, the overall reliability of the Integrated Starter Generator is bolstered, as it remains resilient to the dynamic operating conditions encountered in everyday driving scenarios. And the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller on one of the longitudinal members 118A, 118B enables easier access for maintenance and servicing tasks.

[00046] Furthermore, offsetting the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 from the power unit 102 and exhaust assembly 104 mitigates the risk of heat buildup, preserving the integrity of sensitive electronic components and maintaining consistent performance. Heat dissipation becomes more efficient as the controller is afforded better airflow in its location on one of the longitudinal members 118A, 118B, reducing the risk of thermal damage to sensitive electronic components. This placement allows the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 to leverage the airflow generated by the vehicle's motion, effectively dissipating heat generated during operation. As the vehicle 100 moves forward, air passes over the longitudinal members 118, carrying away excess heat from the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111. This natural cooling mechanism helps to maintain the temperature of the controller within optimal operating limits, mitigating the risk of overheating and ensuring consistent performance over prolonged periods. This proactive measure not only ensures the optimal operating temperature of the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 but also prevents heat-related degradation, thereby extending its lifespan.

[00047] Additionally, positioning the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 behind the passenger compartment and ahead of the exhaust assembly 104 optimizes accessibility for maintenance and servicing tasks, facilitating efficient troubleshooting and minimizing downtime. Compared to locations onto the cabin, this placement improves accessibility to the controller, simplifying inspection, troubleshooting, and repair procedures. This accessibility not only facilitates faster turnaround times for maintenance but also reduces downtime associated with servicing, ultimately enhancing the vehicle's availability and operational efficiency. Overall, by mitigating overheating risks, isolating from mechanical stresses, and improving accessibility, the placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 on the longitudinal member 118 significantly contributes to the overall reliability and longevity of the Integrated Starter Generator in three-wheeled vehicle 100.

[00048] Furthermore, Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 is provided with connecting provisions 114 to electronically connect the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 to one or more electrical components by means of wiring harness 113. The first connecting provision 114A connects the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 to the Integrated Starter Generator functionally connected to the crankshaft of the power unit 102. The second connecting provision 114B connects the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 to the battery unit 103. The third connecting provision 114C connects the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 to the one or more electrical components associated with the battery unit 103, including but not limited to lighting system.

[00049] The placement of the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 on the longitudinal member 118 reduces the wiring harness 113 length from the Integrated Starter Generator controller 111 to the Integrated Starter Generator, battery unit, and other electronic components, minimizing electrical resistance and potential points of failure, thereby enhancing system efficiency and reliability.

[00050] The integrated starter generator controller 111 is mounted on an upper surface of the longitudinal member 118A, 118B, which is positioned opposite to the surface facing the ground. This configuration ensures that the controller is shielded from water, debris, and other contaminants encountered during vehicle operation. By positioning the controller in this manner, the risk of exposure to environmental factors that may lead to corrosion or electrical malfunctions is significantly reduced, thereby improving the overall reliability and longevity of the system.

[00051] To enhance durability and performance, the integrated starter generator controller 111 is thermally insulated from heat-generating components of the power unit 102. Given that excessive heat can degrade electronic components and reduce operational efficiency, the controller is positioned or shielded in a manner that minimizes direct heat transfer. This insulation can be achieved through the use of heat-resistant materials, air gaps, or dedicated cooling channels, ensuring stable operation even in high-temperature environments.

[00052] The integrated starter generator controller 111 is housed within a protective enclosure to safeguard it from external impacts and adverse environmental conditions. The enclosure may be designed to withstand vibrations, mechanical shocks, moisture, and dust ingress, ensuring the controller's integrity in various operating conditions. This protective measure enhances the durability of controller 111, preventing damage due to accidental collisions with other components or external objects.

[00053] The integrated starter generator controller 111 is communicatively connected to a vehicle control unit to enable optimized power management and diagnostic monitoring. Through this connection, real-time data regarding the integrated starter generator’s performance, power distribution, and system health can be transmitted to the vehicle control unit. This integration allows for adaptive power control, fault detection, and predictive maintenance, ensuring efficient operation and prolonged system life.

[00054] To prevent overheating during prolonged operation, the integrated starter generator controller 111 is provided with a cooling mechanism. This cooling mechanism may include passive heat sinks, active air or liquid cooling systems, or thermally conductive materials that dissipate heat away from the controller 111. By maintaining optimal temperature levels, the cooling mechanism enhances the efficiency and longevity of the controller, preventing performance degradation due to thermal stress.

[00055] The present invention provides an optimized arrangement for the integrated starter generator controller within the vehicle's frame assembly, ensuring enhanced durability, reliability, and performance. By strategically positioning the controller on the longitudinal member, it is protected from environmental hazards such as water and debris, while thermal insulation and a dedicated cooling mechanism further improve its operational efficiency. The integration of a protective enclosure safeguards the controller from external impacts, and its communicative connection with the vehicle control unit enables real-time monitoring and adaptive power management. These features collectively contribute to a robust and efficient vehicle electrical system, ensuring prolonged component lifespan and reliable performance under various operating conditions. List of Reference numerals

100: vehicle 114A: first connecting provision

F: front 114B: second connecting provision R: rear 114C: third connecting provision

101: frame assembly 20 118: longitudinal member

102: power unit 118A: right longitudinal member

103: battery unit 118B: left longitudinal member

104: exhaust assembly 119: cross member 106: air cleaner 119A: first cross member

108: fuel tank 25 119A: second cross member

111: Integrated Starter Generator 119A: third cross member controller

119A: fourth cross member

112: cabin assembly

124: chassis 113: wiring harness

126: main tube

114: connecting provision

30 128: head tube

Claims

We claim:

1. A vehicle (100) comprising: a frame assembly (101), said frame assembly comprises a plurality of longitudinal members (118A, 118B); a power unit (102) mounted rearwardly of said vehicle (100), said power unit (102) disposed in a space substantially between two longitudinal members (118A, 118B) of said vehicle, substantially rearwardly of at least one cross member (119) disposed transversely to a longitudinal axis of said vehicle; an integrated starter generator, said integrated starter generator being functionally connected to the crankshaft of said power unit (102) of said vehicle (100); and an integrated starter generator controller (111), said integrated starter generator controller configured to control the operation of said integrated starter generator; characterized in that, said integrated starter generator controller (111) being mounted on one of said longitudinal members (118A, 118B).

2. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated starter generator controller (111) being offset from a battery unit (103) in the vehicle (100) width direction.

3. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, said frame assembly (101) including a rear compartment housing a cabin assembly (112).

4. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 3, wherein said battery unit (103) being mounted ahead of said power unit (102), in front part of said cabin assembly (112) of said vehicle (100).

5. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated starter generator controller (111) is mounted on an upper surface of the longitudinal member (118A, 118B), said upper surface being opposite to the surface of the longitudinal member facing the ground, to minimize exposure to water and debris.

6. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated starter generator controller (111) is thermally insulated from heat-generating components of the power unit (102) to enhance durability and performance.

7. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated starter generator controller (111) is housed within a protective enclosure to prevent damage from external impacts or environmental conditions.

8. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated starter generator controller (111) is communicatively connected to a vehicle control unit (VCU) for optimized power management and diagnostic monitoring.

9. The vehicle (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein said integrated starter generator controller (111) is provided with a cooling mechanism to prevent overheating during prolonged operation.