WO2025201452A1 - 一种乳铁蛋白及其制剂的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种乳铁蛋白及其制剂的制备方法和应用

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Publication number
WO2025201452A1
WO2025201452A1 PCT/CN2025/085330 CN2025085330W WO2025201452A1 WO 2025201452 A1 WO2025201452 A1 WO 2025201452A1 CN 2025085330 W CN2025085330 W CN 2025085330W WO 2025201452 A1 WO2025201452 A1 WO 2025201452A1
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Prior art keywords
lactoferrin
preparation
iron
solution
concentration
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PCT/CN2025/085330
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱旸
张枥文
任探琛
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority claimed from CN202410362699.XA external-priority patent/CN118178621B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202410362735.2A external-priority patent/CN118271693B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202410362552.0A external-priority patent/CN118271428B/zh
Application filed by Zhejiang University filed Critical Zhejiang University
Publication of WO2025201452A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025201452A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/40—Transferrins, e.g. lactoferrins, ovotransferrins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
    • A61P39/02—Antidotes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/107—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides
    • C07K1/113—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length by chemical modification of precursor peptides without change of the primary structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
    • C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
    • C07K1/34—Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/79—Transferrins, e.g. lactoferrins, ovotransferrins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • Lactoferrin is a small molecular weight natural milk-derived glycoprotein with a relative molecular mass of approximately 80KDa. It is widely present in milk, tears and saliva. Lactoferrin has an iron-absorbing capacity 300 times higher than transferrin and can be used as a natural iron chelator. The sequence of lactoferrin consists of more than 700 amino acids. Structurally, lactoferrin consists of two globular lobes and its structure is stabilized by disulfide bonds.
  • the lactoferrin provided in the prior art has only two iron ion binding sites, such as document 1 (Doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117522), document 2 (Doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76862-X.), document 3 (Doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81345-4.) and patent document CN102459328B.
  • Lf contains 260 ⁇ g/g of iron and 18% of iron, so the iron saturation content is about 1.4 mg/gprot.
  • lactoferrin The higher the iron saturation content of lactoferrin, the stronger its iron-absorbing ability. This faster and stronger iron-absorbing ability allows lactoferrin to rapidly reduce the iron content in the microenvironment, effectively reducing iron and treating iron overload diseases. It also has a stronger ability to deprive iron and thus fight bacteria. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method for preparing lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability to further improve this ability.
  • Free hemoglobin at a concentration of just 1 ⁇ M, can cause cell death and is highly toxic. In many pathological scenarios associated with hemolysis, hemoglobin is released when blood cells rupture, causing organ damage. Therefore, proteins are needed to bind hemoglobin to prevent cells from actively taking it up and thus prevent cell/tissue damage.
  • hemopexin (Sigma-Aldrich, H9291) has been approved as a drug for the treatment of sickle cell anemia. Hemopexin is currently recognized as the strongest heme-binding protein. Others include Serum Albumin (nearshore protein, Cat. No.: CP01), Alpha1-Microglobulin (MCE, HY-P7489), Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (nearshore protein, Cat. No.: C533), Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein (nearshore protein, Cat.
  • Casein J&K/B&K, 166199-100G
  • transferrin Thermo Fisher, T8158
  • hemopexin has 1 to 2 binding sites
  • Serum Albumin has 1 binding site
  • Alpha 1-Microglobulin has 2 binding sites
  • alpha-1-Antitrypsin has 1 binding site
  • Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein has 1 binding site
  • Casein has 1 binding site
  • transferrin has 4 binding sites.
  • the present application provides a lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability.
  • the present application provides lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability, wherein the iron saturation content of the lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability is above 10 mg/g.
  • the iron saturation content of the lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability is 10 mg/g to 14.43 mg/g.
  • the lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability is obtained by methacrylating lactoferrin with low iron content.
  • Low-iron lactoferrin exposes the most potent iron-binding structures within the lactoferrin structure, resulting in a strong iron-absorbing capacity. After methacrylation, the surface positive charge density of low-iron lactoferrin decreases, facilitating the entry of iron ions into the protein. Methacrylation also alters the 3D conformation of low-iron lactoferrin (after chemical structural changes, the protein automatically adjusts its 3D conformation based on the principle of minimum energy), creating more binding sites for iron. This increase in the protein's iron-binding sites significantly enhances its iron-absorbing capacity, raising the iron saturation content of lactoferrin to over 10 mg/g.
  • the lactoferrin with low iron content refers to lactoferrin with an iron content of less than 0.15 mg/g.
  • the iron content of the low-iron lactoferrin is 0.0139 mg/g to 0.15 mg/g.
  • the iron content of the low-iron lactoferrin is 0.010 mg/g to 0.015 mg/g.
  • the present application also provides a lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability, wherein the lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability has 14 to 20 iron ion binding sites.
  • the present application also provides lactoferrin, wherein the lactoferrin is apolactoferrin that has been methacrylated, and the number of heme binding sites on the lactoferrin is 7 to 13.
  • the lactoferrin may be the lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability described in this application.
  • the iron content of the apolactoferrin is lower than 0.15 mg/g.
  • methacrylic anhydride is used for methacrylation treatment, wherein the grafting rate of methacrylic anhydride is 30% to 100%.
  • the present application also provides lactoferrin, wherein the KD value of the lactoferrin binding to heme is 0.015 nM to 2.02 nM.
  • the present application also provides an application of lactoferrin in binding hemoglobin, that is, the lactoferrin described in the present application is used to bind hemoglobin.
  • Methacryl-treated lactoferrin increases the exposure range of the protein's hydrophobic domain (methacryloyl is a hydrophobic group, so the hydrophobic domain of methacryloyl-treated lactoferrin increases), and its electrostatic properties change (methacryloyl grafted onto lysine modifies the positively charged group into a neutral group, thus changing the electrostatic properties).
  • the area of the hydrophobic domain on the protein surface increases, making it easier to bind to the hydrophobic heme.
  • the lactoferrin is formulated into a solution or prepared into a hydrogel and then injected for binding to free hemoglobin.
  • it can be configured into a solution for intravenous/peritoneal/in situ tissue injection, or prepared into a hydrogel for injection filling, to bind to free hemoglobin, which is the free hemoglobin produced by hemolysis in the blood and the free hemoglobin produced by hemolysis in tissue bleeding.
  • configuring the lactoferrin into a solution comprises:
  • the lactoferrin is dissolved in physiological saline to prepare a solution with a concentration of 5 to 10 mg/mL.
  • preparing the lactoferrin into a hydrogel comprises:
  • the lyophilized powder obtained by freeze-drying the lactoferrin is dissolved in a PBS solution to prepare a mother solution, and then an initiator and lithium phenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate are added, and the mother solution is solidified under light to form a hydrogel.
  • the initiator is a free radical initiator, a redox initiator, a vitamin C-hydrogen peroxide system, or a glutathione-peroxide system.
  • the free radical initiator is selected from at least one of Irgacure 2959, Irgacure 819, and camphorquinone.
  • the redox initiator includes:
  • Oxidant at least one selected from ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and sodium persulfate;
  • Oxidant H 2 O 2 ;
  • Reducing agent ascorbic acid (C 5 H 8 O 6 ).
  • the glutathione-peroxide system includes:
  • Oxidant carbamide peroxide (CO(NH 2 ) 2 ⁇ H 2 O 2 );
  • Reducing agent glutathione (GSH, containing sulfhydryl groups).
  • the initiator is a photoinitiator, lithium phenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate, and is cured under light to form a hydrogel.
  • the lactoferrin concentration in the mother liquor is 0.12 g/ml, and the amount of lithium phenyl 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate is 0.4 wt %.
  • the present application also provides a method for preparing lactoferrin (i.e., lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability), which comprises performing methacrylation treatment on lactoferrin with low iron content to obtain the lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability.
  • lactoferrin i.e., lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability
  • the method further comprises de-ironizing the lactoferrin to obtain the lactoferrin with low iron content.
  • the low iron content lactoferrin refers to lactoferrin with an iron content of less than 0.15 mg/g;
  • the ratio of the iron content of the low-iron lactoferrin to the iron content of the lactoferrin before apo-ironization is 3.97% to 9.8%; the ratio of the iron content of the lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability to the iron content of the lactoferrin before apo-ironization is 2.86% to 8.5%.
  • the iron saturation content of the lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability is above 10 mg/g.
  • the lactoferrin with low iron content is apolactoferrin.
  • a lactoferrin solution is first prepared, and the retentate is lyophilized after dialysis to obtain lactoferrin with a low iron content.
  • dialyzing the lactoferrin solution comprises placing the lactoferrin solution (to-be-apoferrin lactoferrin solution) into a dialysis bag, and placing the dialysis bag in a PBS solution for dialysis for 48 to 72 hours.
  • the concentration of the PBS solution in the dialysis bag is gradually reduced.
  • the dialysate PBS solution can be continuously replaced.
  • the concentration of PBS solution was gradually decreased from 0.01M to 0M during the 48th to 72th hour.
  • the lactoferrin is lactoferrin from colostrum, milk and whey of other mammals such as cows, humans and camels, as well as recombinant lactoferrin obtained by fermentation of genetically engineered bacteria and plants;
  • the mixed solution is prepared by adding acetic acid, sodium acetate (the molar ratio of acetic acid to sodium acetate is 1:1) and EDTA (sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to a PBS solution (phosphate buffer) with a pH of 2.0 to 4.0.
  • a PBS solution phosphate buffer
  • concentration of PBS in the mixed solution is 0.01M
  • the total concentration of acetic acid and sodium acetate is 0.1M
  • the concentration of EDTA is 40 to 500mM.
  • the pH of the PBS solution used in the preparation of the mixed solution is adjusted to 2.0 to 4.0 by an acid selected from any one of the following: acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid,
  • the concentration of the lactoferrin solution is 0.5-10 g/100 ml.
  • the method for preparing lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability as described above includes the following steps of methacrylation treatment of lactoferrin with low iron content:
  • the low-iron-content lactoferrin in step (1) is dissolved in a PBS solution at room temperature to prepare a lactoferrin stock solution with a concentration of 1 to 10 g/100 ml.
  • the pH value of the PBS solution in step (1) is 2.0 to 4.0 (for example, adjusted to 2.0 to 4.0 by acid, the acid being selected from any one of the following: acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid).
  • step (2) the ratio of methacrylic anhydride to low-iron lactoferrin is 0.03 mL/1 g.
  • step (2) the addition of methacrylic anhydride to the lactoferrin stock solution in step (2) is performed under high-speed stirring at 400 to 1000 rpm.
  • step (2) after adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.5 in step (2), the reaction is continued with stirring at 10-25° C. for 0.5-24 hours, and lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability is obtained through post-treatment after the reaction.
  • the present application also provides a preparation for clearing hemoglobin, wherein the preparation comprises the aforementioned lactoferrin.
  • the preparation has a specific surface area greater than 35 m2/g.
  • the preparation has 7 to 13 binding sites with lactoferrin.
  • the content of lactoferrin in the aqueous phase is 5-30% w/v.
  • the content of methacrylated gelatin in the aqueous phase is 1 to 20% w/v.
  • the content of the photoinitiator in the aqueous phase is 0.1-1% w/v.
  • the photoinitiator is lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate.
  • the content of the emulsifier in the oil phase is 1 to 20% w/v.
  • the emulsifier is Span 80.
  • the flow rate of the oil phase is 1 to 5 mL/min.
  • the flow rate of the aqueous phase is 10 to 1000 ⁇ L/min.
  • the emulsion is frozen and then photocrosslinked under 405 nm UV light.
  • the emulsion is frozen before photocrosslinking, the emulsion being frozen at -100°C to -30°C and then frozen in liquid nitrogen.
  • the morphology can be maintained by placing the plate at 4°C for 5-10 minutes before photocrosslinking.
  • the obtained microspheres are washed with petroleum ether, -80°C acetone and deionized water to obtain a preparation.
  • the present application also provides a use of a preparation in the treatment of iron overload diseases, wherein the preparation is the preparation for clearing hemoglobin as described in any one of claims 52 to 55.
  • the iron overload disease is myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury or cerebral infarction-reperfusion injury.
  • Reperfusion therapy is a method of reopening occluded blood vessels and reperfusing ischemic tissues through the use of thrombolytic drugs, interventional therapy, or surgical treatment.
  • blood flow is restored to tissue cells that have suffered a certain period of ischemia, which may aggravate their structural damage and cause injury.
  • iron overload is a method of iron overload.
  • the iron overload disease includes myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury or cerebral infarction-reperfusion injury.
  • the lesion is injected using an interventional device including a needle catheter.
  • the present application also provides a reperfusion treatment method, comprising:
  • Reperfusion therapy is performed on the ischemic tissue.
  • the preparation described in the present application contains lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability, which can reduce cell damage during reperfusion therapy.
  • the timing of injection of the preparation can be different stages of reperfusion therapy, especially before reperfusion therapy. Based on this, it can be understood that the present application also provides a method for preventing reperfusion injury.
  • the preparation is pre-injected into the ischemic tissue and then subjected to reperfusion therapy.
  • the present application also provides a reperfusion treatment method for myocardial ischemia, comprising pre-injecting the preparation described in the present application into the left ventricular wall, and then performing reperfusion treatment on the left ventricle.
  • the preparation is injected into the left ventricular wall using an interventional device comprising a needle catheter, which is passed sequentially through the femoral artery and the aortic valve to the left ventricular endocardium, and the preparation is injected into the left ventricular wall through the needle catheter.
  • the injection points of the needle catheter are distributed at predetermined locations on the left ventricular wall, and the number of injection points is at least 3.
  • the injection volume at each injection point is not less than 0.1 mL.
  • the lactoferrin of the present application with strong iron absorption ability can quickly reduce the iron content in the microenvironment, and can better reduce iron to treat iron overload diseases, including but not limited to myocardial ischemia reperfusion, renal ischemia reperfusion, cerebral infarction and other diseases; at the same time, it has better iron deprivation and antibacterial ability.
  • FIG1 is an ICP test graph of the lactoferrin raw material, apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) and lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability (Apo-LfMA) of Example 1;
  • FIG3 is a MALDI-TOF image of apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) and lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability (Apo-LfMA) of Example 1;
  • FIG4 is a diagram showing the 3D structural changes before and after modification of apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) with methacrylic anhydride to obtain lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) with strong iron-absorbing ability in Example 1;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of specific amino acid sites modified by methacrylic anhydride on Apo-Lf;
  • Figures 7 to 16 are detailed 20-site analyses of the iron chelation of Apo-LfMA after methacrylic anhydride grafting, i.e., the amino acid composition and the chelation strength with iron;
  • FIG19 is a MALDI-TOF graph of Example 3 (left side in the figure) with a methacrylic anhydride grafting degree of 10% (10% Apo-LfMA) and Example 4 (right side in the figure) with a methacrylic anhydride grafting degree of 100% (100% Apo-LfMA);
  • FIG20 shows the iron saturation content of Example 3 with a methacrylic anhydride grafting degree of 10% (10% Apo-LfMA) and Example 4 with a methacrylic anhydride grafting degree of 100% (100% Apo-LfMA);
  • FIG21 is an ICP test graph of the lactoferrin raw material, apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf), and methacrylylated lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) of Example 5, showing the iron content of the raw materials;
  • Figure 25 shows the changes in surface hydrophobicity of apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) and methacrylylated lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) before and after modification with methacrylic anhydride in Example 5, where a and b represent the hydrophobicity of the two sides of the protein, respectively;
  • FIG26 is a molecular dynamics simulation image of the binding of apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) and methacrylylated lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) to heme in Example 5, wherein Site 1, Site 2, ... represent the heme binding sites on the protein;
  • Figure 27 is a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrum of apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) and methacrylated lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) bound to heme in Example 5, where "Raw” is the original curve and “Fitting” is the fitted curve;
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • FIG28 is a comparison of the number of heme-bound apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) and methacrylylated lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) in Example 5;
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • FIG31 shows the number of heme-bound lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) obtained from apo-lactoferrin (Apo-Lf) at pH 4.0 in Example 6 and pH 2.0 in Example 5, obtained by methacrylation.
  • FIG32 is a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrum of methacrylated apolactoferrin (100% Apo-LfMA) bound to heme in Example 7, where “Raw” is the original curve and “Fitting” is the fitted curve.
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • FIG33 shows the number of heme-bound apo-lactoferrin (100% Apo-LfMA) treated with methacrylation in Example 7;
  • FIG34 is a bar graph showing the specific surface areas of ALMG and ALMS
  • FIG36 is a bar graph showing the saturated heme binding number of ALMG and ALMS.
  • FIG37 shows live/dead staining and intracellular ferrous ion staining of cardiomyocytes treated with hemoglobin for 24 hours;
  • FIG38 is a graph showing cell viability of cardiomyocytes treated with heme for 24 hours in the presence of GMG, ALMG, or ALMS (the five bars in the figure correspond from left to right to Control, Haem, Haem+GMG, Haem+ALMG, and Haem+ALMS);
  • FIG39 is a graph showing the mean fluorescence intensity of intracellular ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) in cardiomyocytes treated with heme for 24 hours in the presence of GMG, ALMG, or ALMS (the five bars in the figure, from left to right, are Control, Haem, Haem+GMG, Haem+ALMG, and Haem+ALMS);
  • FIG40 is a TEM image of an I/R rat heart with an IMH phenotype
  • FIG41 is a graph showing hemoglobin concentrations after injection of different substances (the four bars in the figure correspond from left to right to Sham, I/R, GMG, and ALMS);
  • FIG42 is a graph showing the iron content in the myocardium after injection of different substances (the four bars in the graph correspond from left to right to Sham, I/R, GMG, and ALMS);
  • FIG43 is an immunofluorescence staining image of HBB and Hmox1;
  • FIG46 shows the levels of myocardial injury markers in the ALMS group (the figure includes four images, a, b, c, and d, each image has four bars, and the bars correspond from left to right to Sham, I/R, GMG, and ALMS);
  • Figure 48 shows the values of LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) and LVFS (left ventricular fractional shortening) under different treatment conditions (4 bars in each figure, from left to right corresponding to Sham, I/R, GMG, and ALMS);
  • Figure 49 shows the masson staining images under different treatment conditions
  • Figure 50 shows the size of the infarct area and the thickness of the left ventricular wall under different treatment conditions (4 bars in each figure, from left to right corresponding to Sham, I/R, GMG, and ALMS);
  • FIG51 is a schematic diagram of the route for injecting ALMS into the inner wall of the left ventricle using a transcatheter system
  • Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of TTC staining of left ventricular tissue
  • Figure 53 is a comparison of the volume of necrotic myocardium under different treatment conditions (from left to right in the figure corresponds to Sham, I/R, and ALMS);
  • FIG54 is a comparison of creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) under different treatment conditions (from left to right in the figure correspond to Sham, I/R, and ALMS);
  • FIG55 is a comparison of creatine kinase (CK) under different treatment conditions (from left to right in the figure corresponds to Sham, I/R, and ALMS);
  • FIG56 is a comparison of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under different treatment conditions (from left to right in the figure corresponds to Sham, I/R, and ALMS);
  • FIG57 is a comparison of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels under different treatment conditions (from left to right in the figure correspond to Sham, I/R, and ALMS);
  • a method for preparing lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability comprising the following steps:
  • step (3) performing methacrylation on the apolactoferrin obtained in step (2) to obtain lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability;
  • methacrylic anhydride successfully grafted reactive double bonds onto Apo-Lf, and thus the molecular weight of Apo-LfMA increased after methacrylation.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the specific amino acid (lysine) sites modified by methacrylic anhydride on Apo-Lf.
  • the specific 14 sites are listed in Table 1 below; the lowercase “k” represents the specific lysine modification position.
  • the new Apo-LfMA protein structure was obtained for subsequent molecular docking analysis of iron ions.
  • a method for preparing lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability comprising the following steps:
  • the concentration of PBS in the mixture was 0.01 M, the total concentration of acetic acid and sodium acetate was 0.1 M, and the concentration of EDTA was 40 mM;
  • the lactoferrin solution obtained in step (1) is placed in a dialysis bag, the dialysis bag is placed in a PBS solution and dialyzed for 72 hours, the retentate after dialysis is pre-frozen at a temperature of -50°C, and then lyophilized under a vacuum condition of 1 Pa to obtain apolactoferrin with an iron content of 0.149 mg/g;
  • the PBS solution is continuously replaced during the dialysis process, and the concentration of the PBS solution is gradually reduced, and the concentration of the PBS solution is gradually reduced from 0.1M to 0.05M within the 0th to 24th hour, the concentration of the PBS solution is gradually reduced from 0.05M to 0.01M within the 24th to 48th hour, and the concentration of the PBS solution is gradually reduced from 0.01M to 0M within the 48th to 72th hour;
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag is 7000Da;
  • Example 2 As shown in FIG18 , increasing the deferrification pH to 4.0 in Example 2 will reduce the deferrification efficiency.
  • the concentration of PBS in the mixture was 0.01 M, the total concentration of acetic acid and sodium acetate was 0.1 M, and the concentration of EDTA was 500 mM.
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag is 7000Da;
  • step (3) performing methacrylation on the apolactoferrin obtained in step (2) to obtain lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability;
  • the ratio of methacrylic anhydride to lactoferrin is 0.01 mL/1 g, and the grafting degree of methacrylic anhydride on lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability is 10%.
  • a method for preparing lactoferrin with strong iron-absorbing ability comprising the following steps:
  • the concentration of PBS in the mixture was 0.01 M, the total concentration of acetic acid and sodium acetate was 0.1 M, and the concentration of EDTA was 500 mM.
  • the lactoferrin solution obtained in step (1) is placed in a dialysis bag, the dialysis bag is placed in a PBS solution and dialyzed for 72 hours, the retentate after dialysis is pre-frozen at a temperature of -50°C, and then lyophilized under a vacuum condition of 1 Pa to obtain apolactoferrin with an iron content of 0.0139 mg/g; the PBS solution is continuously replaced during the dialysis process, and the concentration of the PBS solution is gradually reduced, the concentration of the PBS solution is 0.1 M within the 0th to 24th hour, the concentration of the PBS solution is 0.05 M within the 24th to 48th hour, and the concentration of the PBS solution is 0 M within the 48th to 72th hour;
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag is 7000Da;
  • the ratio of methacrylic anhydride to lactoferrin is 2 mL/1 g, and the grafting degree of methacrylic anhydride on lactoferrin with strong iron absorption ability is 100%.
  • lactoferrin in binding hemoglobin is as follows:
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag was 7000 Da.
  • the concentration of the PBS solution used for dialysis was gradually reduced from 0.1 M to 0.05 M during the 0th to 24th hour, from 0.05 M to 0.01 M during the 24th to 48th hour, and from 0.01 M to 0 M during the 48th to 72th hour.
  • the exposed area of the surface hydrophobic domains of the methacrylated lactoferrin with a grafting degree of 30% is increased, which is beneficial to the binding of hydrophobic heme.
  • the methacrylation-treated lactoferrin with a grafting degree of 30% had an increased saturation content of heme binding and an increased affinity (manifested by a decreased K D value).
  • lactoferrin in binding hemoglobin is as follows:
  • the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag was 7000 Da.
  • the concentration of the PBS solution used for dialysis was gradually reduced from 0.1 M to 0.05 M during the 0th to 24th hour, from 0.05 M to 0.01 M during the 24th to 48th hour, and from 0.01 M to 0 M during the 48th to 72th hour.
  • the ratio of methacrylic anhydride to apolactoferrin is 0.03 mL/1 g; and the grafting degree of methacrylic anhydride on the apolactoferrin treated with methacrylic acid is 30%.
  • lactoferrin in binding hemoglobin is as follows:
  • the concentration of PBS in the mixture was 0.01 M, the total concentration of acetic acid and sodium acetate was 0.1 M, and the concentration of EDTA was 500 mM.
  • the apolactoferrin solution obtained in step (1) is placed in a dialysis bag, which is placed in a PBS solution and dialyzed for 72 hours.
  • the retentate after dialysis is pre-frozen at a temperature of -50°C, and then lyophilized under a vacuum condition of 1 Pa to obtain an apolactoferrin with an iron content of 0.0139 mg/g;
  • step (3) dissolving the apolactoferrin obtained in step (2) in a PBS solution having a pH of 2.0 at room temperature to prepare an apolactoferrin stock solution having a concentration of 10 g/100 ml;
  • the aqueous phase contains 12% w/v methacryloylated apo-lactoferrin (Apo-LfMA) and 3% w/v methacryloylated gelatin (GelMA, for the synthesis of GelMA in this application, please refer to the literature: Zhang, L. et al. Multileveled hierarchical hydrogel with continuous biophysical and biochemical gradients for enhanced repair of full-thickness osteochondral defect. Adv. Mater. 35, 2209565 (2023).), 0.3% w/v LAP photoinitiator; the oil phase is liquid paraffin containing 5% w/v Span 80 emulsifier.
  • HBB hemoglobin ⁇ chain
  • TUNEL terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling
  • ALMS inhibited ferroptosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury induced by intramyocardial hemorrhage.
  • Figure 61 hematoxylin-eosin analysis of major organs confirmed the biosafety of ALMS in vivo.

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Abstract

提供一种乳铁蛋白及其制剂的制备方法和应用,其中乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g以上。制得的乳铁蛋白可以快速降低微环境中的铁含量,能够更好地降铁治疗铁过载疾病,包括但不限于心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤、脑梗损伤等疾病;同时具有更好的剥夺铁以致抗菌的能力。

Description

一种乳铁蛋白及其制剂的制备方法和应用 技术领域
本申请属于功能蛋白质技术领域,涉及一种乳铁蛋白及其制剂的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
乳铁蛋白是一种小分子量的天然乳源糖蛋白,其相对分子质量约为80KDa,广泛存在于乳汁、眼泪和唾液中。乳铁蛋白具有高于转铁蛋白300倍的吸铁能力,可以作为一种天然铁螯合剂。乳铁蛋白的序列有700多个氨基酸,从结构上来说,乳铁蛋白由两个球状叶组成并通过二硫键稳定结构。过去的理论认为,乳铁蛋白两个球状叶的中心各可以螯合一个铁,螯合位点辅以外界提供的碳酸根(例如体液中有一定浓度的碳酸根离子)稳定螯合位点,使铁不易解离。乳铁蛋白在pH低于4.0的环境下会打开铁螯和位点,释放铁离子;在中性环境下,脱铁乳铁蛋白可自发重新螯合游离的铁离子。
现有技术中提供的乳铁蛋白只有两个铁离子结合位点,例如文献1(Doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117522),文献2(Doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76862-X.),文献3(Doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81345-4.)以及专利文献CN102459328B,另外如文献2所记载,Lf含铁量260μg/g,含铁量为18%,因而铁饱和含量约为1.4mg/gprot。
而乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量越高,吸铁能力越强,更快更强的吸铁能力使乳铁蛋白可以快速降低微环境中的铁含量,能够更好的降铁治疗铁过载疾病,具有更好的剥夺铁以致抗菌的能力。因此,研究一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,以进一步提高吸铁能力,具有十分重要的意义。
游离的血红素仅1μM即可致细胞死亡,毒性非常高。在很多与溶血相关的病理场景下,血细胞破裂将血红素释放出来,造成脏器的损伤。所以需要蛋白结合血红素,使细胞不主动摄取血红素,避免细胞/组织的损伤。
目前已经有hemopexin(Sigma-Aldrich,H9291)获批成药用于镰刀状贫血症的治疗。Hemopexin是现有公认最强的结合血红素的蛋白。其余还有Serum Albumin(近岸蛋白,Cat.No.:CP01)、Alpha1-Microglobulin(MCE,HY-P7489)、Alpha-1-Antitrypsin(近岸蛋白,Cat.No.:C533)、Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein(近岸蛋白,Cat.No.:C370)、Casein(J&K/百灵威,166199-100G)、转铁蛋白(赛默飞,T8158)可以作为血红素结合蛋白;其中,hemopexin的结合位点为1~2个,Serum Albumin的结合位点为1个,Alpha 1-Microglobulin的结合位点为2个,alpha-1-Antitrypsin的结合位点为1个,Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein的结合位点为1个,Casein的结合位点为1个,转铁蛋白的结合位点为4个。
技术问题
然而现有技术中,这些结合血红素的蛋白的结合位点数量都有限,这使得清除血红素的效率有限,且吸收单位数量血红素需要打入/植入更多蛋白。因此,研究一种乳铁蛋白在结合血红素上的应用,以解决现有技术中蛋白上血红素结合位点个数少的问题,具有十分重要的意义。
技术解决方案
本申请提供一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
本申请一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g以上。
可选的,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g~14.43mg/g。
可选的,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白是对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得。
低含铁量的乳铁蛋白暴露了乳铁蛋白结构中对铁结合能力最强的结构,获得很强的吸铁能力。甲基丙烯酰化处理后,低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的表面正电荷密度下降,有利于铁离子进入蛋白内部;甲基丙烯酰化处理后,低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的3D构象改变(化学结构变化后,蛋白质基于能量最低原则自动进行3D构象的调整),产生更多结合铁的结合位点。由于蛋白结合铁的结合位点增多,导致蛋白吸铁的能力大幅提升,乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量提升至10mg/g以上。
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白是指含铁量低于0.15mg/g的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的含铁量为0.0139mg/g~0.15mg/g。
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的含铁量为0.010mg/g~0.015mg/g。
本申请还提供一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白具有14~20个铁离子的结合位点。
本申请还提供一种乳铁蛋白,所述乳铁蛋白为经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白,所述乳铁蛋白上血红素的结合位点为7~13个。
所述乳铁蛋白可采用本申请所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,所述脱铁乳铁蛋白的含铁量低于0.15mg/g。
可选的,采用甲基丙烯酸酐进行甲基丙烯酰化处理,其中甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝率为30%~100%。
本申请还提供一种乳铁蛋白,所述乳铁蛋白结合血红素的KD值为0.015nM~2.02nM。
本申请还提供一种乳铁蛋白在结合血红素上的应用。即将本申请所述的乳铁蛋白用于结合血红素。
血红素会与乳铁蛋白上的氨基酸形成氢键、盐桥、π-π共轭等相互作用力。经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白,蛋白的疏水结构域暴露范围增大(甲基丙烯酰基是疏水基团,因此经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白的疏水结构域增大),静电性发生变化(甲基丙烯酰基接枝在赖氨酸上,将正电的基团修改成中性基团,所以静电性发生变化);其中,蛋白表面疏水域面积增大,更易与疏水性血红素的结合;氨基酸的氨基被酰化后,蛋白表面正电性降低,与血红素中心位正价铁的斥力减小,使血红素更易进入蛋白内部,使血红素亲和力以及结合容量(即结合位点数量)都有显著提升。
可选的,将所述乳铁蛋白配置成溶液或者制备成水凝胶后进行注射,用于与游离的血红素结合。
例如配置成溶液进行静脉/腹腔/组织原位注射,制备成水凝胶进行注射填充,用于与游离的血红素结合,游离的血红素为血液内溶血产生的游离血红素以及组织内出血中溶血产生的游离血红素。
可选的,将所述乳铁蛋白配置成溶液包括:
将所述乳铁蛋白溶于生理盐水,配置成浓度为5~10mg/mL的溶液。
可选的,将所述乳铁蛋白制备成水凝胶包括:
将所述乳铁蛋白冻干得到的冻干粉,将所述冻干粉溶于PBS溶液中配成母液,再加入引发剂,苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂,经光照下固化形成水凝胶。
可选的,所述引发剂为自由基引发剂、氧化还原型引发剂、维生素C-过氧化氢体系、或谷胱甘肽-过氧化物体系。
可选的,所述自由基引发剂选自Irgacure 2959、Irgacure 819、樟脑醌中的至少一种。
可选的,所述氧化还原型引发剂中包括:
氧化剂:选自过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠中的至少一种;
还原剂:选自抗坏血酸、TEMED、亚硫酸钠(Na2SO3)、亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)中的至少一种。
可选的,所述维生素C-过氧化氢体系中包括:
氧化剂:H2O2;
还原剂:抗坏血酸(C5H8O6)。
可选的,所述谷胱甘肽-过氧化物体系中包括:
氧化剂:过氧化脲(CO(NH2)2·H2O2);
还原剂:谷胱甘肽(GSH,含巯基)。
可选的,所述引发剂为光引发剂苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂,且经光照下固化形成水凝胶。
可选的,所述母液中所述乳铁蛋白浓度为0.12g/ml,苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂用量为0.4wt%。
可选的,注射方式选自静脉注射、腹腔注射、组织原位注射中的至少一种。
本申请还提供一种乳铁蛋白(即具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白)的制备方法,包括对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,还包括对乳铁蛋白进行脱铁得到所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白是指含铁量低于0.15mg/g的乳铁蛋白;
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为3.97%~9.8%;所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为2.86%~8.5%。
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为9.8%;所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为8.5%。
可选的,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g以上。
可选的,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白为脱铁乳铁蛋白。
可选的,对所述乳铁蛋白进行脱铁时,先配制乳铁蛋白溶液,经透析后将截留液冻干得到低含铁量的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,对所述乳铁蛋白溶液进行透析时包括将将所述乳铁蛋白溶液(待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液)装入透析袋中,将透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析48~72h。
可选的,将透析后的截留液冻干得到所述脱铁乳铁蛋白。
可选的,透析过程中,透析袋所处的PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低。例如可不断更换透析液PBS溶液。
通过梯度调整脱铁过程透析步骤中PBS溶液的浓度,可以增加铁脱除效率;另外对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理,可以增益乳铁蛋白的吸铁能力,铁饱和含量最高提升至14.43mg/g,结合位点最大提升至20个,即单位乳铁蛋白能结合的铁离子提升了10倍。
可选的,所述PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低的方式为:
第0~24h(不包括24h)内PBS溶液的浓度从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M;
第24~48h(不包括48h)内PBS溶液的浓度从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M
第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.01M逐渐降低到0M。
通过逐步降低透析环境中的磷酸盐浓度,即通过渗透压将乳铁蛋白在酸性环境下释放的铁离子持续带出来,可以增加铁脱除效率。
可选的,所述乳铁蛋白溶液是将乳铁蛋白粉末(待脱铁乳铁蛋白粉末)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到的。
可选的,乳铁蛋白是来自牛、人、骆驼等其他哺乳动物的初乳、乳和乳清的乳铁蛋白以及基因工程细菌植物发酵所得重组乳铁蛋白;
可选的,所述混合液是向pH为2.0~4.0的PBS溶液(磷酸盐缓冲液)中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(乙酸与乙酸钠的摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸钠)配置得到的。例如混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为40~500mM。其中配置混合液是采用的PBS溶液的pH由酸调节至2.0~4.0,酸选自以下任意一种:乙酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸,
可选的,所述乳铁蛋白溶液的浓度为0.5~10g/100ml。
如上所述的一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理的过程如下:
可选的,采用甲基丙烯酸酐对所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理。
可选的,对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理的过程包括:
步骤(1)将低含铁量的乳铁蛋白溶解于PBS溶液中,配置成的乳铁蛋白原液;
步骤(2)向乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐反应,反应后得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,步骤(1)中所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为1~10g/100ml的乳铁蛋白原液。
可选的,步骤(1)中所述PBS溶液的pH值为2.0~4.0(例如由酸调节至2.0~4.0,酸选自以下任意一种:乙酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸)。
可选的,步骤(2)中所述甲基丙烯酸酐与低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.01~2mL/1g。
可选的,步骤(2)中所述甲基丙烯酸酐与低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g。
可选的,步骤(2)中进行甲基丙烯酰化处理时,甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝率为10%~100%。
可选的,步骤(2)中向乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐是在400~1000rpm的高速搅拌下完成。
可选的,步骤(2)中向乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐后调节pH值为6.5~7.5进行反应。
可选的,步骤(2)中调节pH值为6.5~7.5后,在10~25℃持续搅拌反应0.5~24h,反应后经由后处理得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,所述后处理为透析24~72h,超滤浓缩后用滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液冻干得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
可选的,步骤(2)中过滤所使用的滤膜过滤孔径为0.1μm或0.22μm。
本申请还提供了一种用于清除血红素的制剂,所述制剂包含前面所述的乳铁蛋白。
可选地,所述制剂是具有孔隙结构的微球,所述制剂的孔隙率大于80%。
所述孔隙结构的微球具有更大的比表面积,更好的清除血红素效果。
可选地,所述制剂的比表面积大于35m2/g。
可选地,所述制剂与乳铁蛋白的结合位点为7~13个。
本申请还提供了一种所述的用于清除血红素的制剂的制备方法,将水相和油相混合形成含有光引发剂的乳液,对乳液进行光交联,得到微球形式的制剂,所述水相中以水为溶剂且包含光引发剂、所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白和甲基丙烯酰化明胶,所述油相以液体石蜡为溶剂且包含乳化剂。
可选地,所述水相中,乳铁蛋白的含量为5~30%w/v。
可选地,所述水相中,甲基丙烯酰化明胶的含量为1~20%w/v。
可选地,所述水相中,光引发剂的含量为0.1~1%w/v。
可选地,所述水相中,光引发剂为苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂。
可选地,所述油相中,乳化剂的含量为1~20%w/v。
可选地,所述油相中,乳化剂为Span 80。
可选地,水相和油相分别由注射泵驱动,油相和水相以流速比为10000~50000:1的速度通过管道汇合乳化形成液滴。
可选地,油相的流速为1~5mL/min。
可选地,水相的流速为10~1000μL/min。
可选地,乳液冷冻后在405nm的紫外光下进行光交联。
可选地,在进行光交联之前对乳液进行冷冻,乳液在-100℃~-30℃冷冻,然后在液氮中冷冻。
可选地,在进行光交联之前在4℃下放置5~10分钟保持形态。
可选地,光交联结束后,利用石油醚、-80℃的丙酮和去离子水对所得微球进行洗涤,得到制剂。
本申请还提供了一种制剂在铁过载疾病治疗物中的应用,所述制剂为权利要求52~55任一项所述的用于清除血红素的制剂。
可选地,所述铁过载疾病为心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤或脑梗再灌注损伤。
再灌注治疗是通过溶栓药物、介入治疗或手术治疗,使闭塞的血管重新开通,缺血组织获得再灌注的方法,再灌注治疗时,遭受一定时间缺血的组织细胞恢复血流,可能加重其结构破坏、引起损伤,其原因之一是与铁过载相关。
本申请还提供了一种铁过载类疾病的治疗方法,包括向病变部位注射本申请所述的制剂。
可选地,所述铁过载类疾病包括心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤或脑梗再灌注损伤。
可选地,利用包含针导管的介入器械向病变部位注射。
本申请还提供了一种再灌注治疗方法,包括:
向缺血组织注射本申请所述的制剂;
针对所述缺血组织进行再灌注治疗。
本申请所述的制剂含有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,能够降低再灌注治疗时的细胞损伤,注射所述制剂的时机可以再灌注治疗的不同阶段,尤其可以在再灌注治疗之前进行注射,基于此可可以理解为本申请还提供了一种再灌注损伤的预防方法。
可选地,预先向缺血组织注射所述制剂,然后进行再灌注治疗。
本申请还提供了一种心肌缺血的再灌注治疗方法,包括预先向左心室壁注射本申请所述的制剂,然后对所述左心室内进行再灌注治疗。
可选地,利用包含针导管的介入器械向左心室壁注射,所述针导管依次经由股动脉、主动脉瓣到达左心室心内膜,制剂通过针导管注射入左心室壁。
可选地,所述针导管的注射点分布于左心室壁的预定部位,所述注射点为至少3个。
可选地,每个注射点的注射量不少于0.1mL。
可选地,每个注射点的注射量为0.1~0.3mL。
本申请具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白可以快速降低微环境中的铁含量,能够更好地降铁治疗铁过载疾病,包括但不限于心肌缺血再灌注、肾脏缺血再灌注、脑梗等疾病;同时具有更好的剥夺铁以致抗菌的能力。
有益效果
本申请以合理的甲基丙烯酸酐化接枝度修饰乳铁蛋白,可以增益乳铁蛋白的吸血红素能力,经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白结合血红素的口袋增多,对血红素的亲和力以及结合容量都有显著提升。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的乳铁蛋白原料、脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)的ICP测试图;
图2为实施例1的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)的核磁共振谱图;
图3为实施例1的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)的MALDI-TOF图;
图4为实施例1由脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)经过甲基丙烯酸酐修饰得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)的前后3D结构变化图;
图5为甲基丙烯酸酐在Apo-Lf上修饰的具体的氨基酸位点示意图;
图6为具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)与铁离子结合的分子对接图,其中球体代表铁离子,表明蛋白与螯合了20个铁离子;
图7~16为甲基丙烯酸酐接枝后Apo-LfMA的螯合铁具体的20个位点解析图,即氨基酸组成以及和铁的螯合作用力分析;
图17为实施例1的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)的铁饱和含量对比图;
图18为实施例2的pH=4.0和实施例1的pH=2.0下脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)的ICP测试图;
图19为实施例3(图中左侧)的甲基丙烯酸酐接枝度10%(10% Apo-LfMA)和实施例4(图中右侧)的甲基丙烯酸酐接枝度100%(100% Apo-LfMA)的MALDI-TOF;
图20为实施例3的甲基丙烯酸酐接枝度10%(10% Apo-LfMA)和实施例4的甲基丙烯酸酐接枝度100%(100% Apo-LfMA)的铁饱和含量;
图21为实施例5的乳铁蛋白原料、脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)的ICP测试图,显示原料的含铁量;
图22为实施例5的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)在甲基丙烯酸酐修饰前后3D结构变化图;
图23为甲基丙烯酸酐在Apo-Lf上修饰的具体的氨基酸位点示意图;
图24为实施例5的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)在甲基丙烯酸酐修饰前后蛋白表面静电性变化;
图25为实施例5的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)在甲基丙烯酸酐修饰前后蛋白表面疏水性变化,a、b分别为蛋白两面的疏水性;
图26为实施例5脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)与血红素(Heme)结合的分子动力学模拟图片,其中Site1、Site2……表示蛋白上的血红素结合位点;
图27为实施例5脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)与血红素Heme结合的表面等离子共振(SPR)谱图,Raw为原始曲线,Fitting为拟合曲线;
图28为实施例5脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)和经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)与血红素Heme结合的个数对比;
图29为实施例6的pH=4.0和实施例5的pH=2.0下脱铁的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)的ICP测试图;
图30为实施例6的pH=4.0和实施例5的pH=2.0下脱铁的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)所得到的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)与血红素Heme结合的表面等离子共振(SPR)谱图,表明蛋白与Heme的结合常数,Raw为原始曲线,Fitting为拟合曲线;
图31为实施例6的pH=4.0和实施例5的pH=2.0下脱铁的脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-Lf)所得到的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)与血红素Heme结合的个数;
图32为实施例7的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白(100%Apo-LfMA)与血红素Heme结合的表面等离子共振(SPR)谱图,Raw为原始曲线,Fitting为拟合曲线;
图33为实施例7的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白(100%Apo-LfMA)与血红素Heme结合的个数;
图34为ALMG和ALMS的比表面积柱状图;
图35为ALMG和ALMS的孔隙率柱状图;
图36为ALMG和ALMS的饱和血红素结合数柱状图;
图37为血红素处理心肌细胞24小时候的死活染色图和细胞内的亚铁离子染色图;
图38为存在GMG、ALMG或ALMS的情况下,用血红素处理心肌细胞24小时后的细胞活力图(图中5根柱形图,从左到右依次对应Control、Haem、Haem+GMG、Haem+ALMG、Haem+ALMS);
图39为存在GMG、ALMG或ALMS的情况下,用血红素处理心肌细胞24小时后的细胞内的亚铁离子(Fe2+)平均荧光强度图(图中5根柱形图,从左到右依次为Control、Haem、Haem+GMG、Haem+ALMG、Haem+ALMS);
图40为具有IMH表型的I/R大鼠心脏的TEM图;
图41为注射不同物质的血红素浓度图(图中4根柱形图,从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、GMG、ALMS);
图42为注射不同物质的心肌内的铁含量图图中4根柱形图,从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、GMG、ALMS);
图43为HBB和Hmox1的免疫荧光染色图像;
图44为HBB和TUNEL的免疫荧光染色图像,比例尺=20μm(上图和下图中各有三条线,每组三条线由上至下依次为HBB、TUNEL、DAPI);
图45为大鼠心脏切片的DAB-Perls’blue以及4-HNE(4-hydroxynonenal)染色图;
图46为ALMS组中心肌损伤标志物的含量图(图中有a、b、c、d四副图像,每副图像中有4根柱形图,各柱形图从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、GMG、ALMS);
图47为不同处理条件下,梗死面积和左心室壁厚度的超声图像;
图48为不同处理条件下,LVEF(left ventricular ejection fraction)和LVFS(left ventricular fractional shortening)的数值图(每幅图中4根柱形图,从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、GMG、ALMS);
图49为不同处理条件下,masson染色图像;
图50为不同处理条件下,梗死区的大小和左心室壁的厚度(每幅图中4根柱形图,从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、GMG、ALMS);
图51为将ALMS利用经导管系统注射入左心室内壁的路径示意图;
图52为左心室组织的TTC染色示意图;
图53为不同处理条件下,坏死心肌体积的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图54为不同处理条件下,肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图55为不同处理条件下,肌酸激酶(CK)的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图56为不同处理条件下,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图57为不同处理条件下,天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图58为不同处理条件下,心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图59为不同处理条件下,心脏血红素的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图60为不同处理条件下,血红素氧合酶1(HMOX1)的对比图(图中从左至右依次对应Sham、I/R、ALMS);
图61为猪的肝脏、脾脏、肺脏和肾脏的组织切片的苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色图像(n=3)。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明涉及的测试方法如下:
含铁量:在5mg蛋白粉末中加入1ml浓硝酸,于70℃下消解1h,冷却恢复常温后用去离子水稀释至5ml,稀释后的溶液送检电感耦合等离子体(ICP)测试铁离子浓度,所得浓度数值a ug/mL等于蛋白中含铁量a mg/g。
铁饱和含量:将100mg蛋白溶解在50mL、浓度为50μg/mL、pH值为7.2~7.4的FeCl3/NaHCO3(摩尔比1:1)溶液中搅拌30min,将混合液于50kDa超滤管中离心除去未结合的多余铁离子,并用去离子水清洗蛋白3次,直至去除所有未结合的铁离子,再将蛋白冻干成粉末。取5mg冻干蛋白粉末中加入1ml浓硝酸,于70℃下消解1h,冷却恢复常温后用去离子水稀释至5ml,稀释后的溶液送检电感耦合等离子体(ICP)测试铁离子浓度,所得浓度数值aμg/mL等于蛋白中铁饱和含量a mg/g。
结合常数KD值:所使用的技术为Biacore仪器的表面等离子共振技术(SPR),应用SPR原理检测生物传感芯片(biosensor chip)上配体与分析物之间的相互作用情况;为了研究两个分子之间的相互作用,其中一个分子被固定到芯片表面上,而另一个分子以溶液的形式连续流过芯片表面,检测器能实时检测溶液中的分子与芯片表面的分子结合、解离过程,并以SPR响应值的形式显示;计算公式:KD=kd/ka,ka为Heme与蛋白之间结合的亲和速率,kd为解离的速率。
实施例1
一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)向pH为2.0的PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为0.5g/100ml的乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为500mM;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋中,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.0139mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;透析过程中不断更换PBS溶液,PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低,第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.01M逐渐降低到0M;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为3500Da;
(3)对步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
(3.1)将脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH值为2的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为10g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(3.2)在600rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH值为7,在25℃持续搅拌反应2h,反应后透析48h,再超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到三价铁饱和含量为14.43mg/g的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g,具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为30%。
如图1所示,通过脱铁,得到了含铁量分别为Lf的9.8%和8.5%的Apo-Lf和Apo-LfMA;
如图2~3所示,甲基丙烯酸酐在Apo-Lf上成功接枝上可反应的双键,因此甲基丙烯酰化处理后Apo-LfMA的分子量增加。
如图4所示为甲基丙烯酸酐接枝前后Apo-Lf和Apo-LfMA的3D结构的变化(通过AlphaFold构建蛋白形貌)。
如图5所示为甲基丙烯酸酐在Apo-Lf上修饰的具体的氨基酸(赖氨酸)位点示意图,具体14个位点如下表1;其中,小写的k是具体赖氨酸的修饰位置,得到新的Apo-LfMA蛋白结构后以供后续铁离子的分子对接分析。
结合图4,图6可知,甲基丙烯酰化处理后,低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的3D构象改变(化学结构变化后,蛋白质基于能量最低原则自动进行3D构象的调整),产生更多结合铁的结合位点。
通过对Apo-LfMA与铁离子的分子对接得到甲基丙烯酸酐接枝后Apo-LfMA的螯合铁的位点共有20个,具体的20个位点解析图如图7~16所示。
表1
如图17所示,甲基丙烯酰化处理后乳铁蛋白结合三价铁饱和含量明显上升。
实施例2
一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)向pH为4.0的PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为10g/100ml的乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为40mM;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋中,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.149mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;透析过程中不断更换PBS溶液,PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低,第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.01M逐渐降低到0M;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为7000Da;
如图18所示,实施例2提高脱铁的pH到4.0,将降低脱铁的效率,pH=4.0脱铁得到的Apo-lf含铁量为0.149mg/g,高于实施例1pH=2.0时的10倍;
(3)对步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
(3.1)将脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH值为4的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为10g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(3.2)在600rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH值为7.2,在25℃持续搅拌反应2h,反应后透析48h,再超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到三价铁饱和含量为14.43mg/g的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g,具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为30%。
实施例3
一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)向PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为0.5g/100ml的乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为500mM;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋中,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.0139mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;透析过程中不断更换PBS溶液,PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.01M逐渐降低到0M;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为7000Da;
(3)对步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
(3.1)将脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH值为2的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为10g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(3.2)在400rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH值为7.5,在20℃持续搅拌反应5h,反应后透析48h,再超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到如图19~20所示的三价铁饱和含量为10.95mg/g的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.01mL/1g,具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为10%。
实施例4
一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)向PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为10g/100ml的乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为500mM;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋中,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.0139mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;透析过程中不断更换PBS溶液,PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低,第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度为0.1M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度为0.05M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度为0M;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为7000Da;
(3)对步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
(3.1)将脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH值为2的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为1g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(3.2)在1000rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH值为6.5,在10℃持续搅拌反应24h,反应后透析72h,再超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到如图19~20所示的三价铁饱和含量为12.46mg/g的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与乳铁蛋白的用量比为2mL/1g,具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为100%。
实施例5
乳铁蛋白在结合血红素上的应用,具体步骤如下:
(1)向pH为2.0的PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将待脱铁乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为10g/100ml的待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为500mM;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.0139mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为7000Da;透析使用的PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低,第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.01M逐渐降低到0M;
(3)将步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH为2.0的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为10g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(4)在400rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH为7,在25℃持续搅拌反应2h,反应后透析72h,超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液于-50℃的温度、1Pa的真空度条件下冷冻干燥得到经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与脱铁乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g;经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为30%。
将制得的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白溶于生理盐水配置成浓度为5mg/mL的溶液后进行注射,用于与游离的血红素结合;
经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白上血红素的结合位点为13个;乳铁蛋白结合血红素的KD值为0.015nM。
如图21所示,通过脱铁,得到了含铁量分别为Lf的9.8%和8.5%的Apo-Lf和Apo-LfMA。
如图22所示,甲基丙烯酸酐接枝前后Apo-Lf和Apo-LfMA的3D结构的变化(通过AlphaFold构建蛋白形貌)。
如图23所示为甲基丙烯酸酐在Apo-Lf上修饰的具体的氨基酸位点示意图。
如图24所示,接枝度30%的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白的表面正电荷密度下降,血红素中心位带正电的铁离子进入蛋白内部的阻力减小。
如图25所示,接枝度30%的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白的表面疏水域暴露面积增大,有利于疏水性血红素的结合。
如图26所示,接枝度30%的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白与血红素的结合数量高于未接枝的乳铁蛋白。
如图27所示,接枝度30%的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白结合血红素的饱和含量上升,亲和力也上升(表现为KD值减小)。
如图28所示,经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白结合血红素的数量上升。
实施例6
乳铁蛋白在结合血红素上的应用,具体步骤如下:
(1)向pH为4.0的PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将待脱铁乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为10g/100ml的待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为500mM;
(2)脱铁乳铁蛋白的制备;
将步骤(1)得到的待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.149mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为7000Da;透析使用的PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低,第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.01M逐渐降低到0M;
如图29所示,提高脱铁的pH到4.0,将降低脱铁的效率,pH=4.0脱铁得到的Apo-lf含铁量为0.149mg/g,高于pH=2.0时10倍。
(3)将步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH为4.0的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为10g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(4)在40rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH为7,在25℃持续搅拌反应2h,反应后透析72h,超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液于-50℃的温度、1Pa的真空度条件下冷冻干燥得到经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与脱铁乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g;经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为30%。
将制得的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白冻干得到的冻干粉溶于0.2M PBS溶液中配成0.12g/ml的母液,随后加入0.4wt%苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂搅拌溶解,无菌过滤得到水相溶液,溶液在405nm光照下固化形成水凝胶后进行注射,用于与游离的血红素结合;
经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白上血红素的结合位点为11个;乳铁蛋白结合血红素的KD值为0.38nM;
如图30~31所示,pH=2.0下得到的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白与Heme结合的结合常数KD和结合数量,均高于pH=4.0下得到的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白。
实施例7
乳铁蛋白在结合血红素上的应用,具体步骤如下:
(1)向pH为2.0的PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠(摩尔比为1:1)和EDTA配置得到混合液,再将待脱铁乳铁蛋白粉末(澳大利亚Bega)在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到浓度为10g/100ml的待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液;
其中,混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为500mM;
(2)脱铁乳铁蛋白的制备;
将步骤(1)得到的待脱铁乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋,透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析72h,透析后的截留液先于-50℃的温度下进行预冷冻,再在1Pa的真空度条件下冻干得到含铁量为0.0139mg/g的脱铁乳铁蛋白;
其中,透析袋的截留分子量为7000Da;透析使用的PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低,第0~24h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M,第24~48h内PBS溶液的浓度为从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M,第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.01M逐渐降低到0M;
(3)将步骤(2)的脱铁乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于pH为2.0的PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为10g/100ml的脱铁乳铁蛋白原液;
(4)在40rpm的高速搅拌下,向脱铁乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐,然后调节pH为7,在25℃持续搅拌反应2h,反应后透析72h,超滤浓缩后用过滤孔径为0.22μm的滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液于-50℃的温度、1Pa的真空度条件下冷冻干燥得到经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白;
其中,甲基丙烯酸酐与脱铁乳铁蛋白的用量比为2mL/1g;经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白上甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝度为100%。
将制得的经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白溶于生理盐水配置成浓度为10mg/mL的溶液后进行注射,用于与游离的血红素结合;
经甲基丙烯酰化处理的乳铁蛋白上血红素的结合位点为10个;乳铁蛋白结合血红素的KD值为2.02nM;
如图32~33所示,甲基丙烯酸酐修饰度为100%的Apo-LfMA的与Heme结合的结合常数高于30%接枝度的Apo-LfMA,意味着100%修饰度的Apo-LfMA亲和力不如30%接枝度的Apo-LfMA,甲基丙烯酸酐修饰度为100%的Apo-LfMA的血红素结合位点数量低于30%接枝度的Apo-LfMA。
实施例8 ALMS制剂的制备
水相包含12%w/v的甲基丙烯酰化脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)和3%w/v的甲基丙烯酰化明胶(GelMA,本申请中GelMA的合成参见文献:Zhang,L.et al.Multileveled hierarchical hydrogel with continuous biophysical and biochemical gradients for enhanced repair of full-thickness osteochondral defect.Adv.Mater.35,2209565(2023).)、0.3%w/v的LAP光敏引发剂;油相为包含5%w/v Span 80乳化剂的液体石蜡。
水相和油相分别由注射泵驱动,油相以3mL/min的流速、水相以100μL/min的流速通过管道,并乳化形成液滴,收集到的液滴先在-80℃下冷冻1分钟,接着在液氮中冷冻,然后在405nm的紫外光下进行光交联3min,所得微球分别用石油醚、-80℃的丙酮和去离子水各洗涤3次,冻干,并于4℃下储存。
实施例9 ALMG制剂的制备
水相包含12%w/v的甲基丙烯酰化脱铁乳铁蛋白(Apo-LfMA)和3%w/v的甲基丙烯酰化明胶(GelMA)、0.3%w/v的LAP光敏引发剂;油相为包含5%w/v Span 80乳化剂的液体石蜡。
水相和油相分别由注射泵驱动,油相以3mL/min的流速、水相以100μL/min的流速通过管道,并乳化形成液滴,将乳液液滴收集在一个10厘米的培养皿中,在4℃下放置10分钟以保持其形态,然后在405nm的紫外光下进行光交联3分钟,所得微球分别用石油醚、-80℃的丙酮和去离子水各洗涤3次,冻干,并于4℃下储存。
对比例 GMG的制备
水相包含12%w/v的甲基丙烯酰化明胶(GelMA)、0.3%w/v的LAP光敏引发剂;油相为包含5%w/vSpan 80乳化剂的液体石蜡。
水相和油两相分别由注射泵驱动,油相以3mL/min的流速、水相以100μL/min的流速通过管道,并乳化形成液滴,将乳液液滴收集在一个10厘米的培养皿中,在4℃下放置10分钟以保持其形态,然后在405nm的紫外光下进行光交联3分钟,所得微球分别用石油醚、-80℃的丙酮和去离子水各洗涤3次,冻干,并于4℃下储存。
对ALMS和ALMG的表征
对AMLS和ALMG进行冻干处理后,使用压汞仪使用压汞仪(美国麦克仪器公司的Micromeritic Auto Pore IV 9510)来测量ALMG和ALMS的孔隙率(porosity)和比表面积(Specific surface area),图34为ALMG和ALMS的比表面积,图35为ALMG和ALMS的孔隙率。
将ALMG和ALMS置于pH=7.2的250μM/L的血红素溶液中孵育,在30分钟、1小时、2小时、4小时、8小时和24小时收集水相样品,并通过草酸法和电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP)对血红素含量进行评估,以确定它们的血红素吸附能力,图36为通过提取结合的血红素检测到的ALMG和ALMS的饱和血红素结合数(Haem/protein ratio)。
ALMS、ALMG、GMG的体外实验数据
参见图37所示,在存在GMG、ALMG或ALMS的情况下,用血红素处理心肌细胞24小时后的死活染色情况以及细胞内的亚铁离子(Fe2+,用Ferro Orange染色)情况,图中绿色为活细胞,红色为死亡细胞。
参见图38所示,在存在GMG、ALMG或ALMS的情况下,用血红素处理心肌细胞(H9C2)24小时后的细胞活力(n=6)。参见图39所示,在存在GMG、ALMG或ALMS的情况下,用血红素处理心肌细胞24小时后的细胞内的亚铁离子(Fe2+)平均荧光强度(n=6)。
图38和图39中对照组(control)为不含血红素的培养基,空白组(Haem)为仅含血红素的培养基。
ALMS、ALMG、GMG的体内实验数据
在大鼠缺血/再灌注(I/R)模型中,ALMS抑制了由心肌内出血(IMH)引发的心肌铁死亡。
参见图40所示,通过病理和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察,对具有IMH表型的I/R大鼠的心脏进行分析,参见图41、图42所示,在大鼠I/R模型中,IMH导致左心室心肌中的游离血红素(cardiac haem)在最初24小时内迅速积累至34.74±5.70nmol/mgprot,这使得心肌铁含量增加了89%。局部植入ALMS使心肌中的游离血红素量降至16.69±1.87nmol/mgprot,与假手术组的基线水平相比无显著差异,血红素浓度的降低导致铁含量减少了81%。
参见图41所示,由于GMG组没有将血红素引流到植入的微球中,因此未能降低血红素浓度和心肌细胞的损失。参见图43和图44所示,在GMG组和I/R组中,血红蛋白β链(HBB)阳性的红细胞在空间上与末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)信号相关联,而在ALMS治疗的大鼠中,HBB阳性区域的TUNEL信号稀疏且微弱,从空间上证明了IMH对I/R损伤的影响以及ALMS的挽救作用。
参见图45所示,GMG和ALMS微球都聚集在注射部位,但只有ALMS充当了从IMH中引流外源性血红素的部位。铁信号集中在ALMS注射部位,而不是周围组织,而在植入GMG的周围组织中明显可见严重的铁沉积。
参见图46所示,ALMS组中心肌损伤标志物(包括肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、肌酸激酶(CK)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH))的血清水平维持在假手术组的水平,这证实了ALMS通过减轻血红素诱导的铁死亡来减少I/R损伤。
参见图47、图48所示,术后35天的长期超声心动图评估表明,与GMG组和I/R组相比,ALMS在心脏功能(左心室射血分数(LVEF)和左心室短轴缩短率(LVFS))和心脏几何形态(左心室收缩末期内径(LVIDS,即left ventricular internal dimension in systole)和左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV,即left ventricular end-systolic volume))方面减轻了左心室重构。同样,参见图49和图50所示,与I/R组相比,ALMS使梗死区纤维化面积减少了17.3%,并维持了左心室壁厚度。
在猪心脏缺血/再灌注模型中,进一步证明了ALMS在治疗铁过载类疾病(例如心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤或脑梗再灌注损伤)中的安全性和有效性,ALMS可以与微创经导管注射系统((TEIS01,Dinova Medtech)兼容,该系统曾被用于心力衰竭患者的经心内膜水凝胶注射,参见图51所示,在数字减影血管造影(DSA)的引导下,可操控的双腔针导管经股动脉插入,并穿过主动脉瓣到达左心室心内膜,通过经胸超声心动图和数字减影血管造影来确定注射部位(参见图51(ii-iv)。将ALMS注射到左心室壁中,未出现渗漏、出血或室壁穿孔(参见图51(v),在心肌中发现了聚集的ALMS沉积,所有的猪都在手术中存活了下来。
在有效性研究中,将ALMS注射到梗死的左心室中均匀分布的9个点,随后立即进行再灌注。术后三天,参见图52所示,TTC染色显示左心室前壁和室间隔有大量坏死心肌,值得注意的是,与缺血/再灌注对照组相比,ALMS组的坏死心肌体积明显更小,并且注射ALMS周围的心肌颜色更接近健康心肌。
与缺血/再灌注组相比,参见图53所示,ALMS组的坏死心肌体积减少了70.4%。参见图54~图58所示,植入ALMS也调节了缺血/再灌注损伤后血清中心肌酶标志物(肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST))以及心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的升高。参见图59所示,缺血/再灌注组的游离血红素水平升高到健康心肌的2.02倍,ALMS通过捕获外源性血红素,将血红素量降低到了健康水平。参见图60所示,在缺血再灌注(I/R)组中,血红素加氧酶1(HMOX1)的mRNA水平显著上调,这表明血红素已被内化进入细胞内铁中,ALMS通过捕获外源性血红素,使血红素加氧酶1显著降低。
在具有临床相关性的大型动物模型中,ALMS抑制了由心肌内出血诱导的铁死亡和缺血/再灌注损伤。参见图61所示,对主要器官的苏木精-伊红分析证实了ALMS在体内治疗的生物安全性。

Claims (86)

  1. 一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g以上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g~14.43mg/g。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白是对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白是指含铁量低于0.15mg/g的乳铁蛋白。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的含铁量为0.0139mg/g~0.15mg/g。
  6. 一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白具有14~20个铁离子的结合位点。
  7. 乳铁蛋白在制备铁螯合剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白为权利要求1~6任一项所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  8. 乳铁蛋白在降低微环境中铁含量的应用,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白为权利要求1~6任一项所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  9. 乳铁蛋白在制备铁过载疾病治疗物中的应用,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白为权利要求1~6任一项所述的具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述铁过载疾病为心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤或脑梗再灌注损伤。
  11. 一种乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白为经甲基丙烯酰化处理的脱铁乳铁蛋白,所述乳铁蛋白上血红素的结合位点为7~13个。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述脱铁乳铁蛋白的含铁量低于0.15mg/g。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,采用甲基丙烯酸酐进行甲基丙烯酰化处理,其中甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝率为30%~100%。
  14. 一种乳铁蛋白,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白结合血红素的KD值为0.015nM~2.02nM。
  15. 根据权利要求11~14任一项所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白用于结合血红素。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,将所述乳铁蛋白配置成溶液或者制备成水凝胶后进行注射,用于与游离的血红素结合。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,将所述乳铁蛋白配置成溶液包括:
    将所述乳铁蛋白溶于生理盐水,配置成浓度为5~10mg/mL的溶液。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,将所述乳铁蛋白制备成水凝胶包括:
    将所述乳铁蛋白冻干得到的冻干粉,将所述冻干粉溶于PBS溶液中配成母液,再加入引发剂,经固化形成水凝胶;
    所述引发剂为自由基引发剂、氧化还原型引发剂、维生素C-过氧化氢体系、或谷胱甘肽-过氧化物体系。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述自由基引发剂选自Irgacure 2959、Irgacure 819、樟脑醌中的至少一种。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述氧化还原型引发剂中包括:
    氧化剂:选自过硫酸铵、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠中的至少一种;
    还原剂:选自抗坏血酸、TEMED、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠中的至少一种。
  21. 根据权利要求18所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述维生素C-过氧化氢体系中包括:
    氧化剂:H2O2;
    还原剂:抗坏血酸。
  22. 根据权利要求18所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述谷胱甘肽-过氧化物体系中包括:
    氧化剂:过氧化脲;
    还原剂:谷胱甘肽。
  23. 根据权利要求18所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述引发剂为光引发剂苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂,且经光照下固化形成水凝胶。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,所述母液中所述乳铁蛋白浓度为0.12g/ml,苯基2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂用量为0.4wt%。
  25. 根据权利要求16所述的乳铁蛋白的应用,其特征在于,注射方式选自静脉注射、腹腔注射、组织原位注射中的至少一种。
  26. 一种具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的制备方法,其特征在于,包括对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理制得所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用甲基丙烯酸酐对所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的制备方法,其特征在于,甲基丙烯酸酐与低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.01~2mL/1g。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的制备方法,其特征在于,甲基丙烯酸酐与低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的制备方法,其特征在于,进行甲基丙烯酰化处理时,甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝率为10%~100%。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的制备方法,其特征在于,进行甲基丙烯酰化处理时,甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝率为30%~100%。
  32. 根据权利要求26所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括对乳铁蛋白进行脱铁得到所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白是指含铁量低于0.15mg/g的乳铁蛋白;所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白的铁饱和含量为10mg/g以上。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的含铁量为0.010mg/g~0.015mg/g。
  35. 根据权利要求33所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的含铁量为0.0139mg/g。
  36. 根据权利要求32所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为3.97%~9.8%;所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为2.86%~8.5%。
  37. 根据权利要求32所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为9.8%;所述具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白相对于脱铁前的乳铁蛋白的含铁量之比为8.5%。
  38. 根据权利要求32所述的制备方法,其特征在于,对所述乳铁蛋白进行脱铁时,先配制乳铁蛋白溶液,经透析后将截留液冻干得到低含铁量的乳铁蛋白。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白溶液是将乳铁蛋白粉末在室温下溶解于混合液中配制得到的。
  40. 根据权利要求39所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合液是向pH为2.0~4.0的PBS溶液中添加乙酸、乙酸钠和EDTA配置得到的。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的制备方法,其特征在于,乙酸与乙酸钠的摩尔比为1:1。
  42. 根据权利要求39所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合液中PBS的浓度为0.01M,乙酸和乙酸钠的总浓度为0.1M,EDTA的浓度为40~500mM。
  43. 根据权利要求38所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳铁蛋白溶液浓度为0.5~10g/100ml。
  44. 根据权利要求38所述的制备方法,其特征在于,对所述乳铁蛋白溶液进行透析时包括将将所述乳铁蛋白溶液装入透析袋中,将透析袋置于PBS溶液中进行透析48~72h。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的制备方法,其特征在于,透析过程中,透析袋所处的PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低。
  46. 根据权利要求45所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述PBS溶液的浓度逐渐降低的方式为:
    第0~24h(不包括24h)内PBS溶液的浓度从0.1M逐渐降低到0.05M;
    第24~48h(不包括48h)内PBS溶液的浓度从0.05M逐渐降低到0.01M
    第48~72h内PBS溶液的浓度从0.01M逐渐降低到0M。
  47. 根据权利要求26所述的制备方法,其特征在于,对低含铁量的乳铁蛋白进行甲基丙烯酰化处理的过程包括:
    步骤(1),将低含铁量的乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于PBS溶液中,配置成的乳铁蛋白原液;
    步骤(2),向乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐反应,反应后得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述低含铁量的乳铁蛋白在室温下溶解于PBS溶液中,配置成浓度为1~10g/100ml的乳铁蛋白原液。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述PBS溶液的pH值为2.0~4.0。
  50. 根据权利要求47所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述甲基丙烯酸酐与低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.01~2mL/1g。
  51. 根据权利要求50所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述甲基丙烯酸酐与低含铁量的乳铁蛋白的用量比为0.03mL/1g。
  52. 根据权利要求47所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中进行甲基丙烯酰化处理时,甲基丙烯酸酐的接枝率为10%~100%。
  53. 根据权利要求47所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中向乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐是在400~1000rpm的高速搅拌下完成。
  54. 根据权利要求47所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中向乳铁蛋白原液中加入甲基丙烯酸酐后调节pH值为6.5~7.5进行反应。
  55. 根据权利要求54所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中调节pH值为6.5~7.5后,在10~25℃持续搅拌反应0.5~24h,反应后经由后处理得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  56. 根据权利要求55所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述后处理为透析24~72h,超滤浓缩后用滤膜进行两次过滤,将滤液冻干得到具有强吸铁能力的乳铁蛋白。
  57. 根据权利要求56所述的制备方法,其特征在于,过滤所使用的滤膜过滤孔径为0.1μm或0.22μm。
  58. 一种用于清除血红素的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂包含如权利要求1~5、11~14任一项所述的乳铁蛋白。
  59. 根据权利要求58所述的用于清除血红素的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂是具有孔隙结构的微球,所述制剂的孔隙率大于80%。
  60. 根据权利要求58所述的用于清除血红素的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂的比表面积大于35m2/g。
  61. 根据权利要求58所述的用于清除血红素的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂与乳铁蛋白的结合位点为7~13个。
  62. 一种用于清除血红素的制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制剂为权利要求58~61任一项所述的用于清除血红素的制剂,所述制备方法包括将水相和油相混合形成含有光引发剂的乳液,对乳液进行光交联,得到微球形式的制剂,所述水相中以水为溶剂且包含光引发剂、所述乳铁蛋白和甲基丙烯酰化明胶,所述油相以液体石蜡为溶剂且包含乳化剂。
  63. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水相中,乳铁蛋白的含量为5~30%w/v。
  64. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水相中,甲基丙烯酰化明胶的含量为1~20%w/v。
  65. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水相中,光引发剂的含量为0.1~1%w/v。
  66. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水相中,光引发剂为苯基-2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基次膦酸锂。
  67. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油相中,乳化剂的含量为1~20%w/v。
  68. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述油相中,乳化剂为Span 80。
  69. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,水相和油相分别由注射泵驱动,油相和水相以流速比为10000~50000:1的速度通过管道汇合乳化形成液滴。
  70. 根据权利要求69所述的制备方法,其特征在于,油相的流速为1~5mL/min。
  71. 根据权利要求69所述的制备方法,其特征在于,水相的流速为10~1000μL/min。
  72. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,乳液冷冻后在405nm的紫外光下进行光交联。
  73. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在进行光交联之前对乳液进行冷冻,乳液在-100℃~-30℃冷冻,然后在液氮中冷冻。
  74. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在进行光交联之前在4℃下放置5~10分钟保持形态。
  75. 根据权利要求62所述的制备方法,其特征在于,光交联结束后,利用石油醚、-80℃的丙酮和去离子水对所得微球进行洗涤,得到制剂。
  76. 一种制剂在铁过载疾病治疗物中的应用,其特征在于,所述制剂为权利要求58~61任一项所述的用于清除血红素的制剂。
  77. 根据权利要求76所述的应用,其特征在于,所述铁过载疾病为心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤或脑梗再灌注损伤。
  78. 一种铁过载类疾病的治疗方法,其特征在于,包括向病变部位注射如权利要求58~61任一项所述的制剂。
  79. 根据权利要求78所述的治疗方法,所述铁过载类疾病包括心肌缺血再灌注损伤、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤或脑梗再灌注损伤。
  80. 根据权利要求78所述的治疗方法,利用包含针导管的介入器械向病变部位注射所述制剂。
  81. 一种再灌注治疗方法,其特征在于,包括:
    向缺血组织注射如权利要求58~61任一项所述的制剂;
    针对所述缺血组织进行再灌注治疗。
  82. 根据权利要求81所述的再灌注治疗方法,其特征在于,预先向缺血组织注射所述制剂,然后进行再灌注治疗。
  83. 一种心肌缺血的再灌注治疗方法,其特征在于,包括预先向左心室壁注射如权利要求58~61任一项所述的制剂,然后对所述左心室内进行再灌注治疗。
  84. 根据权利要求83所述的再灌注治疗方法,其特征在于,利用包含针导管的介入器械向左心室壁注射,所述针导管依次经由股动脉、主动脉瓣到达左心室心内膜,制剂通过针导管注射入左心室壁。
  85. 根据权利要求84所述的再灌注治疗方法,其特征在于,所述针导管的注射点分布于左心室壁的预定部位,所述注射点为至少3个。
  86. 根据权利要求85所述的再灌注治疗方法,其特征在于,每个注射点的注射量不少于0.1mL。
PCT/CN2025/085330 2024-03-28 2025-03-27 一种乳铁蛋白及其制剂的制备方法和应用 Pending WO2025201452A1 (zh)

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