WO2025200055A1 - 一种知识图谱链路预测方法 - Google Patents
一种知识图谱链路预测方法Info
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Definitions
- Existing knowledge graph completion methods are mainly divided into: completion based on embedding models, completion based on description models, and combining graph structure information and semantic description information (joint models); among them, description models use text descriptions of entities and relationships, use pre-trained language models to encode descriptions as feature representations, and use features to match missing parts, such as KG-BERT and MTL-KGC; although such models can utilize information from outside the graph structure, they need to input text directly into the pre-trained language model, resulting in a large amount of memory and time required for training, and the inference speed is significantly slowed down; there is little research on joint models, and existing research does not fully utilize the structural information in the graph; most models directly align description features to the graph structure, but inappropriate alignment methods will destroy the text description information.
- the data set is input into the initialized precoding model, and each entity description text and each relationship description text are preprocessed respectively; a pooling operation is performed on the preprocessed entity description text and each relationship description text to obtain the entity semantic expression of each entity description text and the relationship semantic expression of each relationship description text; an embedding operation is performed on all entity semantic expressions and all relationship semantic expressions to obtain entity embedding vectors and relationship embedding vectors;
- a triple set is constructed, and the triple set is divided into a training set and a test set.
- the inverse relationship triples corresponding to the training set are added to the training set to obtain the target training set;
- the inverse relationship triples corresponding to the test set are added to the test set to obtain the target test set;
- the input sequences corresponding to each sample are simultaneously input into the main mask model. After being processed by multiple layers of Transformer blocks, the vectors at the last mask position corresponding to each input sequence are output. The vectors at the last mask position corresponding to each input sequence are input into the classification layer. After a softmax operation, the probability of each entity distribution corresponding to each input sequence is output.
- the parameters of the model are calculated until all samples in the target training set are extracted to obtain the parameters of the main mask model of the current round; the evaluation function is used to evaluate the main mask model of the current round. If the performance of the main mask model of the current round is better than that of the main mask model of the previous round, the weight of the main mask model of the current round is saved and the next round of training is carried out until the preset number of training rounds is reached. The training is terminated to obtain the trained main mask model;
- entity_des represents entity description
- relation_des represents relationship description
- e i represents the i-th entity semantic expression, i ⁇ [1,n], n represents the number of entities
- r j represents the j-th relation semantic expression, j ⁇ [1,m]
- m represents the number of relations
- n the number of entities
- m the number of relations
- E the entity embedding vector
- R the relationship embedding vector
- Embeddings [E, R] represents the embedding layer vector.
- each mask triplet corresponding to each sample is constructed at the same time, and each input sequence corresponding to the remaining samples is obtained.
- the input sequence corresponding to sample A is input into the main mask model.
- the input sequence corresponding to sample A is processed by the 12-layer Transformer block.
- z num represents the input of the numth layer
- z 0 represents the input of the first layer
- the classification layer is a feedforward neural network, and the input dimension of the classification layer is The output dimension is the number of entities; Input into the classification layer, and then through the softmax operation, the entity classification probability is obtained, and its expression is:
- constructing the loss function includes:
- a loss function is constructed; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy loss function, and its expression is:
- yi represents the actual label of the i-th entity, and yi takes 0 or 1; when yi takes 1, it means that the i-th entity is a label; when yi takes 0, it means that the i-th entity is not a label; represents the i-th probability corresponding to the i-th entity in the entity distribution probability; N represents the number of all entities; i represents the index value.
- the initialization of the main mask model further comprises extracting samples from the target training set according to a preset batch size, and obtaining the sample set:
- each entity structure embedding expression and each relationship structure embedding expression of the embedding model randomly initialize each entity structure embedding expression and each relationship structure embedding expression of the embedding model, and integrate each entity structure embedding expression and each relationship structure embedding expression into an entity embedding matrix and a relationship embedding matrix respectively;
- the entity embedding vector obtained by the precoding model contains multiple entity semantic expressions;
- the relationship embedding vector obtained by the precoding model contains multiple relationship semantic expressions;
- the entity semantic expression and relationship semantic expression corresponding to each sample in the sample set are combined with the embedding model
- the entity structure embedding expression and the relationship structure embedding expression corresponding to the model are spliced to obtain the splicing features corresponding to each sample; the splicing features corresponding to each sample are input into the fusion module to obtain the fused head entity expression and each relationship expression corresponding to each sample; according to the fused head entity expression and each relationship expression corresponding to each sample, the fusion mask triples corresponding to each sample are constructed; the corresponding position vector is added to each element in each fusion mask triple, and the start and end flag vectors of the main mask model are combined to obtain the fusion input sequence corresponding to each sample;
- Each fused input sequence corresponding to each sample is simultaneously input into the main mask model.
- the step of splicing the entity semantic expression and the relationship semantic expression corresponding to each sample in the sample set with the entity structure embedding expression and the relationship structure embedding expression corresponding to the embedding model to obtain splicing features corresponding to each sample; and inputting the splicing features corresponding to each sample into a fusion module to obtain fused head entity expressions and relationship expressions corresponding to each sample includes:
- any sample B from the sample set define the entity semantic expression and relationship semantic expression corresponding to sample B as the semantically rich description expression u from the precoding model; define the corresponding entity structure embedding expression and relationship structure embedding expression in the embedding model as the embedding expression v with structural information from the embedding model;
- the semantically rich description expression u from the pre-coding model and the structurally information embedded expression v from the embedding model are concatenated to obtain the concatenated feature c.
- the splicing features corresponding to sample B are input into the fusion module.
- the fusion information is extracted to obtain the fused head entity and relationship expression, which is expressed as follows:
- each fusion mask triple corresponding to each sample based on each fused head entity expression and each relationship expression corresponding to each sample; adding a corresponding position vector to each element in each fusion mask triple, and combining the start and end flag vectors of the main mask model to obtain each fusion input sequence corresponding to each sample includes:
- the fusion mask triplet corresponding to sample B is constructed; the corresponding position vector is added to each element in the fusion mask triplet corresponding to sample B, and combined with the start and end flag vectors of the main mask model, the fusion input sequence corresponding to sample B is obtained, which is expressed as follows:
- x input_fusion represents the fusion input sequence corresponding to sample B
- E CLS represents the start symbol of the sequence
- E SEP represents the end symbol of the sequence
- E mask represents the mask vector;
- each fusion mask triple corresponding to each sample is constructed at the same time, and each fusion input sequence corresponding to each sample is obtained.
- constructing the loss function includes:
- the knowledge graph link prediction method described in the present invention uses a precoding model to encode and summarize the long text descriptions of entities and relationships into features of semantic information; since the text description does not change, the precoding operation only needs to be performed once before model training, and the resulting embedding layer represents all entities.
- the semantic expression of entities and relations is realized through the embedding layer, which is used in subsequent training and reasoning to alleviate the problems caused by long text encoding.
- This method innovatively uses the pre-encoding method to effectively reduce the training pressure of the model and improve the reasoning speed of the model.
- the knowledge graph link prediction method described in the present invention takes into account that semantic information should be independent of structural information, and the two are expressions from different information sources; and is inspired by early fusion in multimodal learning.
- a simple fusion module is used before inputting the main mask model to first splice the semantic expression and the embedded expression into one expression, and then the most suitable fusion expression is obtained through a learnable fusion module; this method does not require the description features to be aligned to the graph structure, and there is no need to consider that inappropriate alignment will destroy the text description information, thereby ensuring the integrity of the text description information and improving the accuracy of the prediction.
- FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a knowledge graph algorithm based on a pre-coded masked language model provided by the present invention
- Figure 2 shows the input vector of the main mask model in the pre-encoded mask language model
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the knowledge graph algorithm structure based on the pre-coded masked language model provided by the present invention; in order to solve the problem that the training language model requires inputting long texts and causes the reasoning speed to slow down, the present invention adopts a knowledge graph chain based on the pre-coded masked language model.
- the model consists of two BERTs (bidirectional Transformer encoder representations). The specific steps include:
- S102 Input the data set into the initialized precoding model, preprocess each entity description text and each relationship description text respectively; perform a pooling operation on each preprocessed entity description text and each relationship description text to obtain the entity semantic expression of each entity description text and the relationship semantic expression of each relationship description text, which are expressed as follows:
- entity_des represents entity description
- relation_des represents relationship description
- e i represents the i-th entity semantic expression, i ⁇ [1,n], n represents the number of entities
- r j represents the j-th relation semantic expression, j ⁇ [1,m]
- m represents the number of relations
- n the number of entities
- m the number of relations
- E the entity embedding vector
- R the relationship embedding vector
- Embeddings [E, R] represents the embedding layer vector
- S104 Initialize the main mask model and extract batch_size samples from the target training set according to the preset batch size batch_size to obtain a sample set;
- S105 Construct each mask triplet corresponding to each sample in the sample set; add the corresponding position vector to each element in each mask triplet, and combine the start and end flag vectors of the main mask model to obtain each input sequence corresponding to each sample, including:
- x input represents the input sequence corresponding to sample A
- E CLS represents the start symbol of the sequence
- E SEP represents the end symbol of the sequence
- E h represents the head entity feature representation corresponding to sample A
- E r represents the relationship feature representation corresponding to sample A
- E mask represents the mask vector
- each mask triple corresponding to each sample in the sample set is constructed at the same time, and each input sequence corresponding to each sample is obtained;
- the input sequence structure of the main mask model is shown in Figure 2. Since the BERT model needs to consider the relative position of each element in the input sequence to better capture the structure and relationship in the sequence, when using BERT for knowledge graph completion tasks, adding corresponding position encodings to the input at each position can provide relative position information of entities and relationships, allowing the model to better understand the relationship between different elements in the input sequence.
- S106 Input each input sequence corresponding to each sample into the main mask model at the same time. After being processed by multiple layers of Transformer blocks, the vector at the last mask position corresponding to each input sequence is output. The vector at the last mask position corresponding to each input sequence is input into the classification layer. After a softmax operation, the entity distribution corresponding to each input sequence is output, including:
- the input sequence corresponding to sample A is input into the main mask model.
- the input sequence corresponding to sample A will be processed by the 12-layer Transformer block.
- z num represents the input of the numth layer
- z 0 represents the input of the first layer
- Link prediction (head entity ⁇ relation ⁇ ?) can be regarded as a multi-classification problem of the mask vector; therefore, the classification layer is used to obtain the entity classification probability; the classification layer is a feedforward neural network, and the input dimension of the classification layer is The output dimension is the number of entities; after the softmax operation, the entity classification probability is obtained, and its expression is:
- S107 Construct a loss function based on the distribution probability of each entity corresponding to each input sequence; wherein the loss function is a cross entropy loss function, and its expression is:
- each fusion input sequence corresponding to each sample is obtained as the input sequence of the main mask model
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a knowledge graph algorithm based on a framework of pre-encoding fusion structural information and semantic information provided by the present invention
- the knowledge graph completion based on the framework of fusion structural information and semantic information consists of three stages, namely, the pre-encoding stage, the fusion stage, and the encoding stage; the specific steps include:
- entity_des represents entity description
- relation_des represents relationship description
- e i represents the i-th entity semantic expression, i ⁇ [1,n], n represents the number of entities
- r j represents the j-th relation semantic expression, j ⁇ [1,m]
- m represents the number of relations
- n the number of entities
- m the number of relations
- E the entity embedding vector
- R the relationship embedding vector
- Rmbeddings [E, R] represents the embedding layer vector
- the semantically rich description expression u from the pre-coding model and the structurally information embedded expression v from the embedding model are concatenated to obtain the concatenated feature c.
- the splicing features corresponding to sample B are input into the fusion module.
- the fusion information is extracted to obtain the fused head entity and relationship expression, which is expressed as follows:
- S306 Constructing fusion mask triples corresponding to each sample based on the fused head entity expressions and relationship expressions corresponding to each sample; adding corresponding position vectors to each element in each fusion mask triple, and combining the start and end flag vectors of the main mask model to obtain fusion input sequences corresponding to each sample, including:
- x input_fusion represents the fusion input sequence corresponding to sample B
- E CLS represents the start symbol of the sequence
- E SEP represents the end symbol of the sequence
- E mask represents the mask vector;
- each fusion mask triple corresponding to each sample is constructed, and each fusion input sequence corresponding to each sample is obtained;
- S305 and S306 belong to the fusion module in the framework of pre-encoded fusion structural information and semantic information.
- this fusion module the prediction accuracy of the overall fusion framework can be improved by fusing structural information and semantic information, while ensuring the integrity of text description information;
- the adopted embedding model is a translation model; then constructing the loss function includes:
- the translation model transforms relationships into transformations between entities, directing the sum of the head entity and relationship vectors to the tail entity.
- the expected vector is expressed as h + r ⁇ t.
- e h represents the embedding vector of the head entity in the translation model
- e r represents the embedding vector of the relation in the translation model
- e t represents the embedding vector of the tail entity in the translation model
- represents the two-norm calculation
- f(h,r,t) represents the scoring function
- K represents the negatively sampled entity set
- tk represents the kth entity in the negatively sampled entity set
- the score of the scoring function f(h,r,t) is between [-1,1]. The closer the score is to 1, the more the mapping between the head entity vector and the relationship vector can point to the tail entity, that is, the better the model performance is.
- the translation model's predicted output is the entity with the highest score, and its expression is:
- E is the set of all entities; t res_i represents the entity with the highest score;
- yi represents the actual label of the i-th entity, and yi takes 0 or 1; when yi takes 1, it means that the i-th entity is a label; when yi takes 0, it means that the i-th entity is not a label; represents the i-th probability corresponding to the i-th entity in the entity distribution probability; N represents the number of all entities; i represents the index value;
- L CE classification loss
- ⁇ the weight of contrast loss
- L S contrast loss
- S310 Based on the target test set, construct a test set fusion mask triplet to obtain a test set fusion input sequence; input the test set fusion input sequence into the trained main mask model and output the entity classification probability; predict potential entities through the entity classification probability.
- WN18RR is a subset of the WordNet data set that describes the association features between English words while retaining the symmetric, asymmetric, and compositional relationships in the WordNet dataset. It is used to evaluate link prediction tasks.
- UMLS Uniform Medical Language System
- Table 1 The scales of the two benchmark datasets are shown in Table 1, namely:
- the entity has filtered out the triples that did not appear in the training set, and the verification
- the entities and relations in the validation set and test set are also those that appeared in the training set; the data in the validation set and test set do not participate in model optimization, and the subsequent experimental conclusions are all evaluation results of the two models on the test set; the text descriptions of the entities and relations in the dataset use the content defined by the BERT-based knowledge graph embedding algorithm (KG-BERT).
- the missing triples (head entity, relationship, ?) in the knowledge graph may correspond to multiple tail entities. According to convention, when evaluating, all possible entities (except label entities) that have appeared in the training set, validation set, and test set need to be removed from the candidate triples; among the filtered entities, the softmax value output by the classification layer is used for ranking; the true answer of the i-th triple in the test set is ranked as rank i among all entities.
- MR refers to the average value of all rank i in the test set, and its expression is:
- This indicator reflects the ranking of the true answer among the candidate entities under average circumstances.
- MRR refers to the average of the reciprocals of all rank i in the test set, and its expression is:
- Hits@n refers to the average value of all ranks i ⁇ n in the test set, where n is usually 10, 3, or 1. Its expression is:
- This indicator model reflects whether the model can rank the true answer into the top n, focusing only on the model's high ranking performance; the larger the Hits@n, the better the model's inference performance.
- the experimental environment will affect the experimental results.
- the experimental environment is shown in Table 2 for research reference, namely:
- KG-BERT the masked language model based on precoding and the framework for fusing structural information and semantic information based on precoding provided by the present invention were selected in the experiment for comparison on the WN18RR and UMLS test sets;
- the input of KG-BERT is text, while the input of the model provided by the present invention is all precoded expressions;
- the inference speed of KG-BERT is related to the entity scale in the dataset, and the more entities, the longer the inference speed; as shown in Table 4, Table 4 shows the accelerated inference effect brought about by avoiding encoding long text under the precoding mechanism; among them, Ours-1 represents the masked language model based on precoding provided by the present invention, and Ours-2 represents the framework for fusing structural information and semantic information based on precoding provided by the present invention; it can be seen from Table 4 that the model provided by the present invention has a significant effect on the improvement of inference speed.
- Ours-2 represents the framework for fusing structural information and semantic information based on precoding
- the selected benchmark models are divided into three categories: embedding-based models, description-based models and joint models; among them, the embedding-based models include: the transformation embedding model (TransE) for modeling multi-relational data, the knowledge graph embedding model based on complex spatial relationship rotation (RotatE), the bilinear diagonal model (DistMult), and the convolutional two-dimensional knowledge graph embedding model (ConvE); the description-based models include: the BERT-based knowledge graph embedding algorithm (KG-BERT), the multi-task knowledge graph completion algorithm (MTL_KGC); the joint models include: the pre-trained knowledge graph embedding model (Pretrain-KGE), the structure-enhanced knowledge graph text representation learning (StAR), and the joint language semantics and structure embedding model (LASS) for knowledge graph completion.
- the embedding-based models include: the transformation embedding model (TransE) for modeling multi-relational data, the knowledge graph embedding model based on complex spatial relationship rotation (
- Table 5 shows the specific experimental results of Ours-1 and Ours-2 provided by the present invention on the WN18RR dataset and the UMLS dataset respectively; Among them, on the WN18RR dataset, MRR and H its@1, H its@3, H its@10 are used as evaluation indicators; on the UMLS dataset, MR and Hits@10 is used as the evaluation metric. In addition, except for Ours-1 and Ours-2 provided in this paper, the rest of the experimental results are taken from the original paper. In Table 5, “-” indicates data not described in the paper, bold indicates the best result under this metric, and underlined indicates the next best result under this metric.
- Figure 4 shows an example analysis of 6 missing triplets selected from the WN18RR dataset; among them, bold indicates that the prediction result is consistent with the label, and the number before the result is the ranking of the true answer; on these incomplete triplets, the results of the framework based on pre-coding that integrates structural information and semantic information (Ours-2) are better than those of the masked language model based on pre-coding (Ours-1).
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Abstract
Description
E=[e1;e2;...;en]
R=[r1;r2;...;rm]
Embeddings=[E,R]
znum=Transformer(znum-1),num=1,2,...,12
z0=xinput
c(u,v)=[u,v]
ehr=|eh+er|
L=LCE+αLS
E=[e1;e2;...;en]
R=[r1;r2;...;rm]
Embeddings=[E,R]
znum=Transformer(znum-1),num=1,2,...,12
z0=xinput
E=[e1;e2;...;en]
R=[r1;r2;...;rm]
Embeddings=[E,R]
c(u,v)=[u,v]
ehr=|eh+er|
L=LCE+αLS
Claims (10)
- 一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,包括:获取数据集合;其中,数据集合包括实体描述文本集合、关系描述文本集合;获取各个实体描述文本对应的索引值,构建索引集合;将数据集合输入至初始化后的预编码模型中,分别对各个实体描述文本和各个关系描述文本进行预处理;对预处理后的各个实体描述文本和各个关系描述文本进行池化操作,得到各个实体描述文本的实体语义表达、各个关系描述文本的关系语义表达;对所有实体语义表达、所有关系语义表达进行嵌入操作,得到实体嵌入向量和关系嵌入向量;根据实体嵌入向量和关系嵌入向量,结合索引集合,构建三元组集合,将三元组集合划分为训练集和测试集,将训练集对应的逆关系三元组添加至训练集中,得到目标训练集;将测试集对应的逆关系三元组添加到测试集中,得到目标测试集;初始化主掩码模型,按照预设的批量大小,从目标训练集中抽取样本,得到样本集合;构建样本集合中各个样本对应的各个掩码三元组;对各个掩码三元组中各个元素分别添加对应的位置向量,结合主掩码模型的开始和结束标志向量,得到各个样本对应的各个输入序列;将各个样本对应的各个输入序列同时输入至主掩码模型中,经过多层的Transformer块处理,输出各个输入序列对应的最后一层掩码位置上的向量;将各个输入序列对应的最后一层掩码位置上的向量输入至分类层中,经过softmax操作,输出各个输入序列对应的各个实体分布概率;构建损失函数,并利用Adam优化器最小化损失函数值,更新主掩码模型的参数,直至抽取完目标训练集中所有样本,得到当前轮次主掩码模型的参数;利用评价函数评估当前轮次主掩码模型,若当前轮次主掩码模型表现优于上一轮次主掩码模型表现,则保存当前轮次主掩码模型的权重,进行下一轮次训练,直到达到预设的训练轮数,结束训练,得到训练好的主掩码模型;基于目标测试集,构建测试集掩码三元组,从而得到测试集输入序列; 将测试集输入序列输入至训练好的主掩码模型中,输出实体分类概率;通过实体分类概率,预测潜在可能实体。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述将数据集合输入至初始化后的预编码模型中,分别对各个实体描述文本和各个关系描述文本进行预处理;对预处理后的各个实体描述文本和各个关系描述文本进行池化操作,得到各个实体描述文本的实体语义表达、各个关系描述文本的关系语义表达;对所有实体语义表达、所有关系语义表达进行嵌入操作,得到实体嵌入向量和关系嵌入向量包括:通过池化操作,将实体描述文本、关系描述文本概括成语义信息特征,其表达式为:
其中,entity_des表示实体描述;relation_des表示关系描述;表示第i个实体描述文本;表示第j个关系描述文本;ei表示第i个实体语义表达,i∈[1,n],n表示实体数量;rj表示第j个关系语义表达,j∈[1,m],m表示关系数量;对实体语义表达、关系语义表达进行嵌入操作,得到实体嵌入向量、关系嵌入向量,其表达式为:
E=[e1;e2;...;en]
R=[r1;r2;...;rm]
Embeddings=[E,R]其中,n表示实体数量;m表示关系数量;E表示实体嵌入向量;R表示关系嵌入向量;Embeddings=[E,R]表示嵌入层向量。 - 根据权利要求1所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述构建样本集合中各个样本对应的各个掩码三元组;对各个掩码三元组中各个元素分别添加对应的位置向量,结合主掩码模型的开始和结束标志向量,得到各个样本对应的各个输入序列包括:从样本集合中任选一个样本A,构建样本A对应的掩码三元组;将样本A 对应的掩码三元组中的各个元素上添加上对应的位置向量,结合主掩码模型的开始和结束标志向量,得到样本A对应的输入序列,其表达式为:
其中,xinput表示样本A对应的输入序列;ECLS表示序列的开始符号;ESEP表示序列的结束符号;Eh表示样本A对应的头实体特征表示;Er表示样本A对应的关系特征表示;Emask表示掩码向量;表示序列第s个位置对应的位置编码;基于上述操作,同时构建各个样本对应的各个掩码三元组,并得到各个样本对应的各个输入序列。 - 根据权利要求3所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述将各个样本对应的各个输入序列同时输入至主掩码模型中,经过多层的Transformer块处理,输出各个输入序列对应的最后一层掩码位置上的向量;将各个输入序列对应的最后一层掩码位置上的向量输入至分类层中,经过softmax操作,输出各个输入序列对应的各个实体分布概率包括:对样本集合中样本A对应的输入序列进行如下操作:将样本A对应的输入序列输入到主掩码模型中,样本A对应的输入序列会经过12层的Transformer块处理;最后一层的Emask位置上的向量可以作为带预测实体的表达,其表达式为:
znum=Transformer(znum-1),num=1,2,...,12
z0=xinput
其中,znum表示第num层的输入;z0表示第一层的输入;表示最后一层Emask位置上的向量;表示最后输出Emask的值;分类层为一个前馈神经网络,所述分类层的输入维度为的维度,输出维度为实体数量;将输入至分类层中,再经过softmax操作,得到实体分类概率,则其表达式为:
其中,表示实体分类概率;基于上述操作,将样本集合中各个样本对应的各个输入序列同时输入至主掩码模型中,输出各个输入序列对应的各个实体分布概率。 - 根据权利要求1所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述构建损失函数包括:基于各个输入序列对应的各个实体分布概率,构建损失函数;其中,所述损失函数为交叉熵损失函数,其表达式为:
其中,yi表示第i个实体的实际标签,yi取0或1;当yi取1时表示第i个实体是标签;当yi取0时表示第i个实体不是标签;表示第i个实体在实体分布概率中对应的第i个概率;N表示所有实体的数量;i表示索引值。 - 根据权利要求1所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述初始化主掩码模型,按照预设的批量大小,从目标训练集中抽取样本,得到样本集合后还包括:在预设范围内,随机初始化嵌入模型的各个实体结构嵌入表达和各个关系结构嵌入表达,将各个实体结构嵌入表达和各个关系结构嵌入表达分别整合为实体嵌入矩阵和关系嵌入矩阵;通过预编码模型得到的实体嵌入向量中包含多个实体语义表达;通过预编码模型得到的关系嵌入向量包含多个关系语义表达;将样本集合中各个样本对应的实体语义表达、关系语义表达,与嵌入模型对应的实体结构嵌入表达、关系结构嵌入表达进行拼接,得到各个样本对应的各个拼接特征;将各个样本对应的各个拼接特征输入至融合模块中,得到各个样本对应的融合后的各个头实体表达和各个关系表达;根据各个样本对应的融合后的各个头实体表达和各个关系表达,构建各个样本对应的各个融合掩码三元组;对各个融合掩码三元组中的各个元素添加对应的位置向量,结合主掩码模型的开始和结束标志向量,得到各个样本对应的各个融合输入序列;将各个样本对应的各个融合输入序列同时输入至主掩码模型中。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述将样本集合中各个样本对应的实体语义表达、关系语义表达,与嵌入模型对应的实体结构嵌入表达、关系结构嵌入表达进行拼接,得到各个样本对应的各个拼接特征;将各个样本对应的各个拼接特征输入至融合模块中,得到各个样本对应的融合后的各个头实体表达和各个关系表达包括:在样本集合中任选一个样本B,将样本B对应的实体语义表达、关系语义表达定义为来自预编码模型富含语义信息的描述表达u;将嵌入模型中对应的实体结构嵌入表达、关系结构嵌入表达定义为来自嵌入模型带有结构信息的嵌入表达v;将来自预编码模型富含语义信息的描述表达u和来自嵌入模型带有结构信息的嵌入表达v进行拼接,得到拼接特征c,其拼接特征为两个表达的拼接结果,其表达式为:
c(u,v)=[u,v]将样本B对应的拼接特征输入到融合模块中,通过降维的方式,提取融合信息,得到融合后的头实体与关系表达,其表达式为
其中,表示样本B对应的融合后的头实体表达;表示样本B对应的融合后的关系表达;基于上述操作,对样本集合中各个样本同时进行拼接,得到各个样本对应的各个拼接特征,并得到各个样本对应的融合后的各个头实体表达和各个关系表达。 - 根据权利要求7所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述根据各个样本对应的融合后的各个头实体表达和各个关系表达,构建各个样本对应的各个融合掩码三元组;对各个融合掩码三元组中的各个元素添加对应的位置向量,结合主掩码模型的开始和结束标志向量,得到各个样本对应的 各个融合输入序列包括:基于样本B对应的融合后的头实体表达和关系表达,构建样本B对应的融合掩码三元组;将样本B对应的融合掩码三元组中各个元素上分别添加对应的位置向量,结合主掩码模型的开始和结束标志向量,得到样本B对应的融合输入序列,其表达式为:
其中,xinput_fusion表示样本B对应的融合输入序列;ECLS表示序列的开始符号;ESEP表示序列的结束符号;表示样本B对应的融合后的头实体表达;表示样本B对应的融合后的关系表达;Emask表示掩码向量;表示序列第s个位置对应的位置编码;基于上述操作,通过各个样本对应的融合后的各个头实体表达和各个关系表达,同时构建各个样本对应的各个融合掩码三元组,并得到各个样本对应的各个融合输入序列。 - 根据权利要求6所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述嵌入模型为翻译模型。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种知识图谱链路预测方法,其特征在于,所述构建损失函数包括:基于翻译模型原理,采用评分函数为余弦相似度函数,定义头实体和关系的嵌入向量之和ehr,其表达式为:
ehr=|eh+er|
其中,eh表示翻译模型中的头实体的嵌入向量;er表示翻译模型中的关系的嵌入向量;et表示翻译模型中的尾实体的嵌入向量;|| ||表示二范数计算;f(h,r,t)表示评分函数;在训练过程中,将负采样加入翻译模型损失函数中进行计算,作为对比损失LS,使得翻译模型学习到正比例得分高于负比例得分的嵌入表示,其表 达式为:
其中,K表示负采样的实体集合;tk表示负采样的实体集合中第k个实体;将交叉熵损失函数作为分类损失LCE,其表达式为:
其中,yi表示第i个实体的实际标签,yi取0或1;当yi取1时表示第i个实体是标签;当yi取0时表示第i个实体不是标签;表示第i个实体在实体分布概率中对应的第i个概率;N表示所有实体的数量;i表示索引值;主掩码模型优化总损失函数L为分类损失和对比损失的加权和,其表达式为:
L=LCE+αLS其中,LCE表示分类损失;α表示对比损失的权重;LS表示对比损失。
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| CN117952206A (zh) | 2024-04-30 |
| CN117952206B (zh) | 2024-05-31 |
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