WO2025195117A1 - 具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置 - Google Patents

具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置

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Publication number
WO2025195117A1
WO2025195117A1 PCT/CN2025/078719 CN2025078719W WO2025195117A1 WO 2025195117 A1 WO2025195117 A1 WO 2025195117A1 CN 2025078719 W CN2025078719 W CN 2025078719W WO 2025195117 A1 WO2025195117 A1 WO 2025195117A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchange
heat
cooling
heat dissipation
exchange mechanism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/078719
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵党生
袁天鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bei Jing Deepcool Industries Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Bei Jing Deepcool Industries Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bei Jing Deepcool Industries Co Ltd filed Critical Bei Jing Deepcool Industries Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025195117A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025195117A1/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H10W40/226
    • H10W40/037
    • H10W40/43
    • H10W40/47
    • H10W40/611

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of heat source heat dissipation, and in particular to a water-cooling heat dissipation system with a multi-stage composite, a control method and a control device.
  • Water-cooling radiators mainly include a chip-side water cooling head, an ambient-side radiator, a power element, a connecting pipe, and a cooling liquid.
  • the heat dissipated by the chip is transferred to the cooling liquid through the water cooling head.
  • the cooling liquid circulates between the water cooling head and the radiator, transferring the heat to the radiator and dissipating it into the environment.
  • the water-cooling head and power components are often integrated together.
  • the water-cooling head can only absorb the heat dissipated by the chip and take away this heat through the cooling liquid.
  • the heat exchange area of the overall system is limited, resulting in limited cooling effect on high-power chips.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system, control method and control device, which increases the overall heat capacity and heat exchange area of the system, improves the system's heat storage capacity and heat exchange efficiency, can effectively cool high-power chips, and has a good cooling effect.
  • the present invention provides a multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system for dissipating heat from a load unit.
  • the system includes a water-cooling head, which includes a first heat exchange mechanism and a second heat exchange mechanism.
  • the bottom of the first heat exchange mechanism is fixed to the load unit; the bottom of the second heat exchange mechanism is fixed to the top of the first heat exchange mechanism, and the second heat exchange mechanism is capable of dissipating heat from a fluid flowing through it.
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooled heat dissipation system further includes: a radiator and a fluid pump.
  • the radiator is connected to the first heat exchange mechanism through a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, and the radiator is used to dissipate heat for the fluid flowing through it; and the fluid pump is provided on the first connecting pipe, and the fluid pump is used to drive the fluid to flow.
  • the fluid enters the first heat exchange mechanism from the water inlet of the second heat exchange mechanism through the second connecting pipe, and flows through the first heat exchange mechanism and the second heat exchange mechanism in sequence, and flows out from the water outlet of the second heat exchange mechanism, and flows into the liquid inlet of the radiator through the first connecting pipe and the fluid pump, and flows out from the liquid outlet of the radiator, and flows into the water inlet of the second heat exchange mechanism through the second connecting pipe, thereby forming a cooling cycle.
  • the first heat exchange mechanism includes: a first heat exchange base, fixed to the load unit, having heat dissipation fins on its top, and a diverter plate for absorbing heat from the load unit; and the diverter plate, covering the heat dissipation fins of the first heat exchange base, having a first water inlet and at least one first water outlet.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism includes a second heat exchange base, which is abutted against the top of the diverter plate, and the second heat exchange base has at least one second water inlet hole and a second water outlet hole; wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively opened on the side wall of the second heat exchange base, and the water inlet is connected to the first water inlet hole of the diverter plate through the second water outlet hole, and the water outlet is connected to the second water outlet hole of the diverter plate through the second water inlet hole.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism further comprises: a first fin group, a second fin group, and a metal plate.
  • the second fin group is fixed to the bottom of the first fin group, and the bottom of the second fin group extends into the second heat exchange base.
  • the metal plate is disposed between the first and second fin groups, with the bottom of the metal plate abutting the top of the second heat exchange base.
  • the second fin group is configured to absorb heat from the fluid in the second heat exchange base and transfer the heat to the first fin group through the metal plate, where it is then dissipated into the air.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism further includes a second heat exchange mechanism fan fixed on the top of the first fin group, and the second heat exchange mechanism fan is used to provide heat dissipation airflow to the first fin group.
  • the load unit is fixed to the mainboard, and the diameter of the second heat exchange mechanism fan is greater than or equal to the diameter of the first heat exchange base.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism fan can simultaneously provide cooling airflow to the first fin assembly and the mainboard.
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system also includes a control module, which is electrically connected to the fluid pump and the second heat exchange mechanism fan, respectively, and is used to control or drive the fluid pump and the second heat exchange mechanism fan to operate in a controlled manner; wherein, the control module includes an information acquisition interface, and the information acquisition interface is used to be electrically connected to the host computer to obtain the heat dissipation requirement information of the load unit.
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system further includes a first waterproof gasket and a second waterproof gasket.
  • the first waterproof gasket is disposed between the diverter plate and the second heat exchange base; and the second waterproof gasket is disposed between the second heat exchange base and the metal plate.
  • the second fin group is composed of a plurality of fins, and the plurality of fins are arranged according to the shape of the second accommodating space and have equal-spaced sections and gradient sections.
  • the second fin group is composed of a plurality of heat exchange columns, which are arranged in a staggered manner, are all drop-shaped, and are metal columns or hollow heat pipe columns; wherein the hollow heat pipe columns are filled with a cooling medium that can phase-change heat.
  • the present invention provides a control method for a water-cooled heat dissipation system with a multi-stage composite, which is applied to the control module of the water-cooled heat dissipation system with a multi-stage composite as described above, and the control method includes: obtaining the heat dissipation requirement information of the load unit; generating at least one control signal according to the heat dissipation requirement information; and controlling the operation of the fluid pump and/or the radiator cooling fan and/or the second heat exchange mechanism fan according to the control signal.
  • the present invention provides a control device for a multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system, which is applied to the control method for the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system described above.
  • the control device includes: an acquisition module, a generation module, and a control module.
  • the acquisition module is configured to acquire heat dissipation requirement information of a load unit.
  • the generation module is configured to generate at least one control signal based on the heat dissipation requirement information.
  • the control module is configured to control the operation of a fluid pump and/or a radiator fan and/or a fan of a second heat exchange mechanism based on the control signal.
  • the present invention provides a chassis that adopts the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system as described above or the control device of the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system as described above, or the control method of the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system as described above.
  • the present invention provides an electronic device using the chassis described above.
  • the multi-stage composite water cooling system, control method and control device according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • the second fin group of the second heat exchange mechanism increases the heat exchange area of the second fin group. After the high-temperature cooling liquid passes through the first heat exchange, it reaches the highest temperature in the system and flows to the second heat exchange mechanism to exchange heat with the environment, obtaining a slightly lower temperature fluid, further increasing the heat exchange capacity of the system.
  • the heat exchange fins of the second heat exchange mechanism are designed in various shapes to adapt to different working conditions and improve heat exchange efficiency while reducing flow resistance;
  • the heat exchange through the second heat exchange mechanism after the first heat exchange mechanism increases the heat exchange area.
  • a second heat exchange mechanism fan is set on the top of the second heat exchange mechanism and then the heat is dissipated through the radiator. Compared with the conventional single heat exchange and single heat dissipation, the efficiency is improved.
  • the metal plate is arranged on the side where the first heat exchange mechanism and the second heat exchange mechanism abut against the heat dissipation module, thereby improving the heat conduction efficiency between the second heat exchange mechanism and the primary heat dissipation module;
  • FIG11 is an enlarged structural diagram of point A in FIG10;
  • FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the structure of a second heat exchange mechanism in another form of a multi-stage composite water cooling and heat dissipation system in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the structure of a second heat exchange mechanism in another form of a multi-stage composite water cooling and heat dissipation system in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a second heat exchange mechanism in another form of a multi-stage composite water cooling and heat dissipation system in the first embodiment of the present invention
  • 15 is a schematic flow chart of a control method for a multi-stage composite water cooling and heat dissipation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Example 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device having a multi-stage composite water cooling and heat dissipation system in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the control logic of a multi-stage composite water cooling and heat dissipation system in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • radiators There are many types of radiators. CPUs, graphics cards, motherboards, chipsets, hard drives, chassis, power supplies, and even optical drives and memory all require radiators, and the most commonly used ones are CPU radiators.
  • the heat dissipation methods can be subdivided into air-cooled radiators, heat pipe radiators, water-cooled radiators, semiconductor refrigeration radiators, compressor refrigeration radiators, and so on.
  • a water-cooled radiator uses a pump to force liquid into circulation, removing heat from the radiator. Compared to air cooling, it offers advantages such as quietness, stable cooling, and low environmental dependence.
  • the heat dissipation performance of a water-cooled radiator is directly proportional to the flow rate of the cooling liquid (water or other liquid), which in turn is related to the power of the cooling system's fluid pump.
  • Water also has a large thermal capacity, which gives water-cooled refrigeration systems excellent thermal load capacity, equivalent to five times that of an air-cooled system. This directly benefits the CPU's temperature curve by making it very flat. For example, a system using an air-cooled radiator will experience a short-term thermal spike when running a program with a high CPU load, or may exceed the CPU's warning temperature. However, a water-cooled system, due to its large thermal capacity, experiences much smaller thermal fluctuations.
  • the inventors sought to find a way to overcome the heat dissipation bottleneck of traditional water-cooled radiators and significantly improve overall heat dissipation capacity. Based on this, the inventors creatively proposed a multi-stage composite water-cooled heat dissipation system, control method, and control device employing two heat exchange mechanisms.
  • the water-cooling head 1 and the power element are often integrated together, the water-cooling head 1 side can only absorb the heat dissipated by the chip and take away this part of the heat through the cooling liquid, and the heat exchange area of the overall system is limited, resulting in limited cooling effect on high-power chips, the inventor of the present invention has obtained a multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system, control method and control device of the present invention through creative work.
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system, control method and control device of the present invention increase the overall heat capacity and heat exchange area of the system, improve the heat storage capacity and heat exchange efficiency of the system, can effectively cool high-power chips, and have a good cooling effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a multi-stage composite water-cooling and heat dissipation system in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a water-cooling head 1 in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is another schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a water-cooling head 1 in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a water-cooling head 1 in accordance with Embodiment 1 of the present invention mounted on a motherboard 15.
  • Embodiment 1 provides a multi-stage composite water-cooling and heat dissipation system for dissipating heat from a load unit.
  • the system includes a water-cooling head 1, a radiator 2, and a fluid pump 5.
  • the water-cooling head 1 includes a first heat exchange mechanism and a second heat exchange mechanism.
  • the bottom of the first heat exchange mechanism is fixed on the load unit; the bottom of the second heat exchange mechanism is fixed on the top of the first heat exchange mechanism, and the second heat exchange mechanism can dissipate heat for the fluid flowing through it;
  • the radiator 2 is connected to the first heat exchange mechanism through the first connecting pipe 3 and the second connecting pipe 4, and the radiator 2 is used to dissipate heat for the fluid flowing through it;
  • the fluid pump 5 is arranged on the first connecting pipe 3, and the fluid pump 5 is used to drive the flow of the fluid.
  • the fluid enters the first heat exchange mechanism from the water inlet 9 of the first heat exchange mechanism through the second connecting pipe 4, and flows through the first heat exchange mechanism and the second heat exchange mechanism in sequence, and flows out from the water outlet 10 of the first heat exchange mechanism, and flows into the liquid inlet of the radiator 2 through the first connecting pipe 3 and the fluid pump 5, and flows out from the liquid outlet of the radiator 2, and flows into the water inlet 9 of the first heat exchange mechanism through the second connecting pipe 4, thereby forming a cooling cycle.
  • the upper surface of the first heat exchange base 6 has heat dissipation shovel teeth 26, and there are micro-water channels between the heat dissipation shovel teeth 26 for the coolant to fully exchange heat here.
  • the diverter plate 7 covers the heat dissipation shovel teeth to guide the flow of the coolant; wherein, the fluid pump 5 is arranged on the first connecting pipe 3, but the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the fluid pump 5 can also be arranged on the second connecting pipe 4, or integrated with the radiator 2.
  • the first heat exchange mechanism includes a first heat exchange base 6 and a diverter plate 7.
  • the first heat exchange base 6 is fixed to the load unit and has heat dissipation fins 26 on its top.
  • the first heat exchange base 6 is used to absorb heat from the load unit.
  • the diverter plate 7 covers the heat dissipation fins 26 of the first heat exchange base 6 and has a first water inlet and at least one first water outlet.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism includes a second heat exchange base 8, which is abutted against the top of the diverter plate 7, and the second heat exchange base 8 has at least one second water inlet hole 25 and a second water outlet hole 22; wherein, the water inlet 9 and the water outlet 10 are respectively opened on the side wall of the second heat exchange base 8, and the water inlet 9 is connected to the first water inlet hole of the diverter plate 7 through the second water outlet hole 22, and the water outlet 10 is connected to the second water outlet hole of the diverter plate 7 through the second water inlet hole 25.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism further comprises: a first fin group 11, a second fin group 12, and a metal plate 13.
  • the second fin group 12 is fixed to the bottom of the first fin group 11, and the bottom of the second fin group 12 extends into the second heat exchange base 8.
  • the metal plate 13 is disposed between the first fin group 11 and the second fin group 12, and the bottom of the metal plate 13 abuts the top of the second heat exchange base 8.
  • the second fin group 12 is configured to absorb heat from the fluid in the second heat exchange base 8 and transfer the heat to the first fin group 11 through the metal plate 13, and dissipate it into the air.
  • the metal plate 13 can be, for example, an intermediate heat-conducting metal plate. Heat is transferred from the second fin group 12 to the heat-conducting metal plate and then to the first fin group 11, ultimately dissipating into the air and being carried away by the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14.
  • the metal plate 13 can also be, for example, a heat spreader, which can further enhance heat transfer, reduce the thermal resistance between the second fin group 12 and the first fin group 11, and enhance heat exchange.
  • the metal plate 13 can be processed separately from the first fin group 11 and the second fin group 12, and then assembled together to form the metal plate 13.
  • connection method of the metal plate 13, the first fin group 11 and the second fin group 12 can be, for example: welding or screw fixing followed by abutment, the first fin group 11 and the second fin group 12 are protrudingly provided with a plurality of matching screw holes compared to the metal plate 13, and the metal plate 13 is fastened and abutted between the lower surface of the first fin group 11 and the upper surface of the second fin group 12.
  • first fin group 11, the metal plate 13 and the second fin group 12 can also be integrally formed, for example, the upper surface of the metal plate 13 extends axially to the first fin group 11, and the lower surface of the metal plate 13 extends axially to the second fin group 12, and the processing method can use a skiving machine to process the upper and lower surfaces of the metal plate 13 to form heat sinks.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism further includes a second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 fixed on the top of the first fin group 11 , and the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 is used to provide heat dissipation airflow to the first fin group 11 .
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system of the present invention includes: a radiator 2, a first connecting pipe 3, a second connecting pipe 4, a water-cooling head 1, and a fluid pump 5.
  • the fluid pump 5 is used to circulate the liquid.
  • the radiator 2 has multiple sets of manifolds that dissipate heat into the air through the radiator cooling fan 27 on the radiator 2.
  • the second fin group 12 is used to absorb heat from the fluid in the second heat exchange base 8 and transfer the heat to the first fin group 11 through the metal plate 13 to dissipate it into the air.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 accelerates heat dissipation by providing heat dissipation airflow to the first fin group 11.
  • Control volatility Under certain operating conditions, the temperature may rise, which will increase the output, causing the temperature to drop, and then reduce the output. This fluctuation phenomenon will occur in the output of the power component and the chip temperature, and in severe cases, control divergence may occur (temperature and control fluctuations change more and more over time).
  • control equation (1) temperature judgment is performed and the control equation is calculated in real time.
  • the control information is passed to the startup module.
  • the fan and fluid pump are controlled in real time through the drive module to reach the required speed:
  • t1>t_set the fluid pump 5 is first PID controlled.
  • the fluid pump speed is calculated according to the control equation (1):
  • the speed output of the radiator cooling fan 27 is increased, and the radiator cooling fan 27 is controlled according to the control equation (1) to reduce the cold head temperature to a safe temperature.
  • the cold head temperature is lower than (t_set-5)°C for a long time (maintained for x minutes)
  • the radiator cooling fan 27 control is exited and the fluid pump 5 is continued to be used for control until the temperature exceeds the standard next time;
  • the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 enters the control mode and is controlled by the control equation (1) until the cold head temperature reaches the safe temperature. If the cold head temperature is lower than (t_set-5)°C for a long time (maintained for x minutes), the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 control is exited and the fluid pump 5-radiator fan is continued to be used for control until the temperature exceeds the standard next time.
  • the parameters such as P, I, D for the fluid pump 5, the radiator cooling fan 27, and the second heat dissipation mechanism fan 14 should be calibrated separately according to experiments and empirical formulas, rather than taking the same values.
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooling heat dissipation system further includes a first waterproof gasket 16 and a second waterproof gasket 17.
  • the first waterproof gasket 16 is disposed between the diverter plate 7 and the second heat exchange base 8
  • the second waterproof gasket 17 is disposed between the second heat exchange base 8 and the metal plate 13.
  • a housing cavity is provided within the second heat exchange base 8.
  • the housing cavity is provided with a first housing space 18 and a second housing space 19, which are isolated from each other.
  • the water inlet 9 and the water outlet 10 are provided on the sidewalls of the housing cavity.
  • the second water outlet 22 is provided within the first housing space, and the second water inlet 25 is provided within the second housing space.
  • the first housing space 18 is respectively connected to the water inlet 9 and the diverter plate 7, and the second housing space 19 is respectively connected to the diverter plate 7 and the water outlet 10.
  • the bottom of the second fin assembly 12 extends into the second housing space 19.
  • the second fin group 12 is composed of a plurality of fins 20 .
  • the plurality of fins 20 are arranged according to the shape of the second accommodating space 19 and have equal-spaced sections and gradient sections.
  • this type of second fin assembly 12 primarily serves to guide flow and enhance heat exchange. After the cold liquid enters the second accommodating space 19, it changes from vertical flow to horizontal flow, generating numerous vortexes and separations, potentially leading to some backflow, which reduces the overall heat exchange effect. Therefore, the multiple fins 20 at the bottom of the second fin assembly 12 can be used to rectify the incoming flow, making it more uniform and eliminating backflow. Furthermore, at the inlet (at the second water inlet 25), equally spaced sections and gradually increasing sections are provided between the multiple fins 20 to reduce water flow resistance. Equally spaced sections and gradually increasing sections are symmetrically provided on the second fin assembly exiting on the right side of the central axis.
  • the second fin group 12 is composed of multiple groups of fins 20 , and each group of fins 20 is composed of multiple bent fins 20 .
  • this type of second fin group 12 divides the overall heat dissipating fins 20 into multiple groups along the flow channel, and each group is formed by turning, thereby reducing the processing difficulty of the heat dissipating fins 20 .
  • the second fin assembly 12 is composed of a plurality of heat exchange columns 21, which are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the heat exchange columns 21 are all teardrop-shaped and are metal columns or hollow heat pipe columns.
  • the hollow heat pipe columns are filled with a cooling medium capable of phase-conversion heat transfer.
  • this type of second fin group 12 has multiple heat exchange columns 21.
  • the heat exchange columns 21 can be circular or teardrop-shaped along the incoming flow.
  • the heat exchange columns 21 should be staggered to break up the vortex of the incoming flow, thereby enhancing heat exchange.
  • this method may produce backflow on the overall flow, causing a certain amount of momentum loss and increasing water resistance.
  • the heat exchange columns 21 can not only be simple metal columns, but also hollow heat pipes.
  • the heat pipes are filled with a cooling medium that can phase-change heat to enhance heat exchange.
  • the multi-stage composite water-cooling system of the present invention incorporates secondary heat exchange (a second heat exchange mechanism) in the water-cooling head 1, further reducing the outlet water temperature of the water-cooling head 1, achieving auxiliary heat exchange, and further increasing the overall heat exchange capacity of the system.
  • the specific implementation scheme is as follows:
  • the water-cooling head 1 is primarily divided into two upper and lower heat exchange channels (a first heat exchange mechanism and a second heat exchange mechanism).
  • the first heat exchange mechanism absorbs heat generated by the chip (load unit), while the second heat exchange mechanism primarily serves as an auxiliary heat exchange mechanism, dissipating some of the heat and assisting in the heat dissipation of the radiator 2.
  • the secondary heat exchange comprises the second heat exchange base 8 and a second heat exchange mechanism, wherein the second heat exchange mechanism has a second fin group 12 below.
  • the high-temperature cooling liquid flows through the second fin group 12 and transfers heat to the first fin group 11 through the second fin group 12.
  • the heat is ultimately released into the environment through the cooling air generated by the fan 14 of the second heat exchange mechanism.
  • the cooling water returns to the radiator 2 through the water outlet 10, ultimately dissipating the remaining heat into the environment.
  • a second water outlet 22 is provided in the first accommodating space 18.
  • the second water outlet 22 is respectively connected to the water inlet 9 and the central flow channel 23 of the manifold 7.
  • a second water inlet 25 is provided in the second accommodating space 19.
  • the second water inlet 25 is respectively connected to the flow channels 24 on both sides of the manifold 7 and the water outlet 10, thereby connecting the manifold 7 with the first accommodating space 18 and the second accommodating space 19.
  • the second accommodating space 19 is deepened to reduce the flow rate of the cold liquid, thereby increasing the heat exchange time and improving the heat transfer coefficient under the flow rate.
  • the number of second water inlet 25 in the second accommodating space 19 of the second heat exchange base 8 can be two, i.e., two second water inlet 25 can be connected to one water outlet 10.
  • the structure of the second fin group 12 corresponding to FIG6 is shown in FIG13 and FIG14 , and the fins 20 at the bottom of the second fin group 12 should also be modified to have the minimum water resistance along the flow direction of the cooling liquid.
  • FIG15 is a flow chart of a control method for a multi-stage composite water-cooling and heat dissipation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second embodiment provides a control method for a multi-stage composite water-cooling and heat dissipation system, which is applied to the control module of the multi-stage composite water-cooling and heat dissipation system described above.
  • the control method includes:
  • Step S100 obtaining heat dissipation requirement information of the load unit.
  • control module is electrically connected to the host computer, and the control module obtains the heat dissipation requirement information of the load unit through the host computer.
  • the heat dissipation requirement information may be, for example, the real-time core temperature t1 of the load unit.
  • Step S200 generating at least one control signal according to the heat dissipation requirement information.
  • Step S300 Control the operation of the fluid pump 5 and/or the radiator fan 27 and/or the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 according to the control signal.
  • a first control signal is generated, so that the control module controls the radiator cooling fan 27, the fluid pump 5, and the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 to start and maintain the initial speed A0 according to the first control signal.
  • the control module performs temperature judgment and calculates the control equation in real time.
  • the control module controls the fan and fluid pump in real time to reach the required speed: when t1>t_set, a second control signal is generated.
  • the second control signal first performs PID control on the fluid pump 5.
  • the fluid pump speed is calculated according to the control equation (1):
  • a third control signal is generated.
  • the third control signal is used to increase the speed output of the radiator cooling fan 27.
  • the radiator cooling fan 27 is controlled according to the control equation (1) to reduce the cold head temperature to a safe temperature.
  • a fourth control signal is generated. The control of the radiator cooling fan 27 is exited through the fourth control signal, and the fluid pump 5 is continued to be used for control until the temperature exceeds the standard next time.
  • radiator cooling fan 27 reaches the maximum speed and still cannot reduce the temperature to the set temperature (t_set-5)°C, a fifth control signal is generated, and the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 enters the control mode through the fifth control signal, and is controlled by the control equation (1) until the cold head temperature reaches a safe temperature.
  • a sixth control signal is generated, and the control of the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 is exited through the sixth control signal, and the fluid pump 5-radiator cooling fan is continued to be used for control until the temperature exceeds the standard next time; wherein, the parameters such as P, I, and D for the fluid pump 5, the radiator cooling fan 27, and the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 should be calibrated separately according to experiments and empirical formulas, rather than taking the same values.
  • the multi-stage composite water cooling system, control method, and control device of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • Adding a second heat exchange mechanism further increases the overall heat capacity of the system, improves the system's heat storage capacity, and thus improves the stability of the IC chip to fluctuations in working conditions;
  • the second fin group of the second heat exchange mechanism adds fins 20 to increase the heat exchange area of the second fin group. After the high-temperature cooling liquid passes through the first heat exchange, it is at the highest temperature in the system. It flows to the second heat exchange mechanism and exchanges heat with the environment to obtain a fluid with a slightly lower temperature, further increasing the heat exchange capacity of the system.
  • the heat exchange fins of the second heat exchange mechanism are designed in more than 20 shapes to adapt to different working conditions and improve heat exchange efficiency while reducing flow resistance;
  • the heat exchange through the second heat exchange mechanism after the first heat exchange mechanism increases the heat exchange area.
  • the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 is set on the top of the second heat exchange mechanism and then the heat is dissipated through the radiator 2. Compared with the conventional single heat exchange and single heat dissipation, the efficiency is improved.
  • the metal plate 13 is arranged on the side where the first heat exchange mechanism and the second heat exchange mechanism abut against the heat dissipation module, thereby improving the heat conduction efficiency between the second heat exchange mechanism and the primary heat dissipation module;
  • the metal plate 13 increases the efficiency of heat transfer from the water-cooled chamber to the heat dissipation fins 20;
  • the second heat exchange mechanism fan 14 not only dissipates heat to the load unit, but also dissipates heat to the heat source on the entire mainboard 15 .

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置,所述系统用于对负载单元进行散热,所述系统包括水冷头,所述水冷头包括第一换热机构及第二换热机构。所述第一换热机构的底部固定于所述负载单元上;以及所述第二换热机构的底部固定于所述第一换热机构的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构能能够对流经的流体进行散热;本发明实施例的技术方案增加了系统整体的热容量和换热面积,提高了系统的储热能力和换热效率,可以有效对大功率芯片进行降温,且降温效果好。

Description

具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置 技术领域
本发明是关于热源散热技术领域,特别是关于一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置。
背景技术
随着IC方面的技术进步,电子芯片的热功率逐渐提高,现有的单纯的风冷或者水冷散热器已经很难满足高功率芯片的散热需求。为满足高功率下的电子芯片的散热需求,水冷散热器正逐渐替代热管风冷散热器,水冷散热器主要包括芯片侧水冷头、环境侧冷排、动力元件、连接管以及载冷液体。其中芯片散发的热量通过水冷头传递到载冷液体中,载冷液体在动力元件的驱动下在水冷头和冷排之间循环,将热量传递到冷排中散发到环境中去。
但是现有的水冷散热系统中,水冷头和动力元件往往集成到一起,水冷头侧只能吸收芯片散热的热量,并通过载冷液体带走这部分热量,整体系统换热面积有限,导致对大功率芯片的降温效果有限。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置,其增加了系统整体的热容量和换热面积,提高了系统的储热能力和换热效率,可以有效对大功率芯片进行降温,且降温效果好。
为实现上述目的,第一方面,本发明提供了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,用于对负载单元进行散热,所述系统包括水冷头,所述水冷头包括第一换热机构及第二换热机构。所述第一换热机构的底部固定于所述负载单元上;所述第二换热机构的底部固定于所述第一换热机构的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构能能够对流经的流体进行散热。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述具有多级复合的水冷散热系统还包括:冷排以及流体泵。所述冷排通过第一连接管和第二连接管与所述第一换热机构进行连通,且所述冷排用于对流经的所述流体进行散热;以及所述流体泵设置于所述第一连接管上,且所述流体泵用于驱动所述流体流动。其中,流体通过所述第二连接管从所述第二换热机构的进水口进入所述第一换热机构,且依次流经所述第一换热机构和所述第二换热机构,并从所述第二换热机构的出水口流出,且通过所述第一连接管和所述流体泵流入所述冷排的进液口,并从所述冷排的出液口流出,且通过所述第二连接管流入至所述第二换热机构的所述进水口,从而形成冷却循环。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第一换热机构包括:第一换热底座以及分流板。第一换热底座,固定于所述负载单元上,所述第一换热底座的顶部具有散热铲齿,且所述第一换热底座用于吸收所述负载单元的热量;以及所述分流板盖合于所述第一换热底座的所述散热铲齿上,且所述分流板具第一进水孔和至少一个第一出水孔。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二换热机构包括第二换热底座,与所述分流板的顶部相抵接,且所述第二换热底座具有至少一个第二进水孔和第二出水孔;其中,所述进水口和所述出水口分别开设于所述第二换热底座的侧壁上,且所述进水口通过所述第二出水孔与所述分流板的所述第一进水孔相连通,所述出水口通过所述第二进水孔与所述分流板的所述第二出水孔相连通。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二换热机构还包括:第一翅片组、第二翅片组以及金属板。所述第二翅片组固定于所述第一翅片组的底部,且所述第二翅片组的底部伸入所述第二换热底座中;以及所述金属板设置于所述第一翅片组与所述第二翅片组之间,且所述金属板的底部与所述第二换热底座的顶部相抵接。其中,所述第二翅片组用于吸收所述第二换热底座中的所述流体的热量,并将所述热量通过所述金属板传递到所述第一翅片组,且散到空气中。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二换热机构还包括第二换热机构风扇,固定于所述第一翅片组的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构风扇用于对所述第一翅片组提供散热气流。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述负载单元固定于主板上,所述第二换热机构风扇的直径大于或等于所述第一换热底座的直径。其中,当所述第二换热机构风扇的直径大于所述第一换热底座的直径时,所述第二换热机构风扇能够同时对所述第一翅片组和所述主板提供散热气流。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述具有多级复合的水冷散热系统还包括控制模块,分别与所述流体泵和所述第二换热机构风扇电性连接,用于控制或驱动所述流体泵和所述第二换热机构风扇受控运行;其中,所述控制模块包括信息获取接口,所述信息获取接口用于与上位机电性连接,用于获取所述负载单元的散热需求信息。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述具有多级复合的水冷散热系统还包括第一防水垫圈以及第二防水垫圈。所述第一防水垫圈设置于所述分流板和所述第二换热底座之间;以及所述第二防水垫圈设置于所述第二换热底座和所述金属板之间。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二换热底座内设置有容置腔,所述容置腔内设置有相互隔离的第一容置空间和第二容置空间,且所述进水口和所述出水口开设于所述容置腔的侧壁上。其中,所述第二出水孔开设于所述第一容置空间内,且所述第二进水孔开设于所述第二容置空间内;其中,所述第一容置空间分别与所述进水口和所述分流板相连通,且所述第二容置空间分别与所述分流板和所述出水口相连通;其中,所述第二翅片组的底部伸入所述第二容置空间中。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二翅片组由多个翅片组成,所述多个翅片根据所述第二容置空间的形状进行排布,且具有等间距段和渐变段。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二翅片组由多组翅片组成,且每组翅片均由多个弯折的翅片组成。
在本发明的一实施方式中,所述第二翅片组由多个换热柱组成,所述多个换热柱交错排布,所述换热柱均呈水滴型,且所述换热柱为金属柱或中空热管柱;其中,所述中空热管柱内填充有可相变换热的载冷介质。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法,应用于如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的所述控制模块,所述控制方法包括:获取负载单元的散热需求信息;根据所述散热需求信息生成至少一个控制信号;根据所述控制信号,对流体泵和/或冷排散热风扇和/或第二换热机构风扇的运行进行控制。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,应用于如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法,所述控制装置包括:获取模块、生成模块以及控制模块。所述获取模块用于获取负载单元的散热需求信息。所述生成模块用于根据所述散热需求信息生成至少一个控制信号。以及所述控制模块用于根据所述控制信号,对流体泵和/或冷排散热风扇和/或第二换热机构风扇的运行进行控制。
第四方面,本发明提供了一种机箱,采用如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统或如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,或者采用如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法。
第五方面,本发明提供了一种电子设备,采用如上所述的机箱。
与现有技术相比,根据本发明的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置,具有如下有益效果:
1、增加第二换热机构,进一步增加了系统整体的热容量,提高了系统的储热能力,进而提高了IC芯片对于工况波动的稳定性;
2、第二换热机构第二翅片组增加鳍片增加第二翅片组换热面积,高温载 液体通过一次换热后处于系统中温度最高的状态,流到第二换热机构和环境进行换热,得到温度稍低的流体,进一步增加系统的换热能力;
3、第二换热机构的换热鳍片多种形态设计,适应不同是使用工况,在降低流动阻力的前提下提高换热效率;
4、在第一换热机构的后经第二换热机构换热增大了热交换面积,在第二换热机构顶部设置一次第二换热机构风扇之后再经过冷排散热,相比较常规的单次换热后单次散热提升了效率;
5、金属板设置在第一换热机构与第二换热机构抵接一侧与散热模块抵接,提升了第二换热机构与一次散热模块的热传导效率;
6、通过第二翅片组导流板的形态降低了流阻;
7、通过金属板增加了水冷侧腔室热量传递到散热鳍片的效率;
8、第二换热机构风扇不仅对负载单元散热,还可以对整个主板上的热源散热。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的立体结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的水冷头的一分解结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的水冷头的另一分解结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的水冷头安装于主板上的立体结构示意图;
图5是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的一种形态的第一换热机构的俯视结构示意图;
图6是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的另一种形态的第一换热机构的俯视结构示意图;
图7是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的一种形态的第二换热机构的立体结构示意图;
图8是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的一种形态的第二换热机构的分解结构示意图;
图9是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的一种形态的第二换热机构的仰视结构示意图;
图10是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的另一种形态的第二换热机构的仰视结构示意图;
图11是图10中A处的放大结构示意图;
图12是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的再一种形态的第二换热机构的仰视结构示意图;
图13是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的再一种形态的第二换热机构的仰视结构示意图;
图14是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的再一种形态的第二换热机构的立体结构示意图;
图15是本发明实施例二中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法的流程示意图;
图16是本发明实施例三中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置的结构示意图;
图17是本发明一具体实施例中的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制逻辑的示意图。
主要附图标记说明:
1-水冷头,2-冷排,3-第一连接管,4-第二连接管,5-流体泵,6-第一换热底座,7-分流板,8-第二换热底座,9-进水口,10-出水口,11-第一翅片组,12-第二翅片组,13-金属板,14-第二换热机构风扇,15-主板,16-第一防水垫圈,17-第二防水垫圈,18-第一容置空间,19-第二容置空间,20-鳍片,21-换热柱,22-第二出水孔,23-分流板中心流道,24-分流板两侧流道,25-第二进水孔,26-散热铲齿,27-冷排散热风扇,161-获取模块,162-生成模块,163-控制模块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
除非另有其它明确表示,否则在整个说明书和权利要求书中,术语“包括”或其变换如“包含”或“包括有”等等将被理解为包括所陈述的元件或组成部分,而并未排除其它元件或其它组成部分。
为了方便理解,首先将本发明各实施例的主要实现构思进行简单表述。
众所周知,高温是集成电路的大敌,高温不但会导致系统运行不稳,使用寿命缩短,甚至有可能使某些部件烧毁。导致高温的热量不是来自计算机外,而是计算机内部。散热器的作用就是将这些热量吸收,保证计算机部件的温度正常。散热器的种类非常多,CPU、显卡、主板15芯片组、硬盘、机箱、电源甚至光驱和内存都会需要散热器,而其中最常接触的就是CPU的散热器。细分散热方式,可以分为风冷散热器,热管散热器,水冷散热器,半导体制冷散热器,压缩机制冷散热器等等。
水冷散热器是指使用液体在泵的带动下强制循环带走散热器的热量,与风冷相比具有安静、降温稳定、对环境依赖小等优点。水冷散热器的散热性能与其中散热液(水或其他液体)流速成正比,制冷液的流速又与制冷系统流体泵功率相关。而且水的热容量大,这就使得水冷制冷系统有着很好的热负载能力。相当于风冷系统的5倍,导致的直接好处就是CPU作温度曲线非常平缓。比如,使用风冷散热器的系统在运行CPU负载较大的程序时会在短时间内出现温度热尖峰,或有可能超出CPU警戒温度,而水冷散热系统则由于热容量大,热波动相对要小得多。
发明人通过发现如前背景技术所述技术缺陷,进而希望能够寻找到一种方式能够打破传统水冷散热器散热能力瓶颈,使得总散热能力明显提升。基于此,发明人创造性的提出了一种采用两个换热机构的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置的技术方案。
为了解决现有技术中存在的现有的水冷散热系统中,水冷头1和动力元件往往集成到一起,水冷头1侧只能吸收芯片散热的热量,并通过载冷液体带走这部分热量,整体系统换热面积有限,导致对大功率芯片的降温效果有限的技术问题,本发明的发明人经过创造性的劳动,得到了本发明的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置。
本发明的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置增加了系统整体的热容量和换热面积,提高了系统的储热能力和换热效率,可以有效对大功率芯片进行降温,且降温效果好。
实施例一
图1是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的立体结构示意图,图2是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的水冷头1的一分解结构示意图,图3是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的水冷头1的另一分解结构示意图,图4是本发明实施例一中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的水冷头1安装于主板15上的立体结构示意图。如图1至图4所示,实施例一提供了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,用于对负载单元进行散热,所述系统包括:水冷头1、冷排2以及流体泵5。所述水冷头1包括第一换热机构及第二换热机构。所述第一换热机构的底部固定于所述负载单元上;所述第二换热机构的底部固定于所述第一换热机构的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构能能够对流经的流体进行散热;所述冷排2通过第一连接管3和第二连接管4与所述第一换热机构进行连通,且所述冷排2用于对流经的所述流体进行散热;所述流体泵5设置于所述第一连接管3上,且所述流体泵5用于驱动所述流体流动。其中,流体通过所述第二连接管4从所述第一换热机构的进水口9进入所述第一换热机构,且依次流经所述第一换热机构和所述第二换热机构,并从所述第一换热机构的出水口10流出,且通过所述第一连接管3和所述流体泵5流入所述冷排2的进液口,并从所述冷排2的出液口流出,且通过所述第二连接管4流入至所述第一换热机构的所述进水口9,从而形成冷却循环。
具体地,所述第一换热底座6的上表面具有散热铲齿26,所述散热铲齿26之间具有微水道,以供冷液在此充分换热,分流板7盖合在该散热铲齿上以引导冷液的流动;其中,所述流体泵5是设置在第一连接管3上,但本发明并不以此为限,所述流体泵5也可以设置在第二连接管4上,或与冷排2集成为一体的形式。
在本实施例中,所述第一换热机构包括:第一换热底座6以及分流板7。所述第一换热底座6固定于所述负载单元上,所述第一换热底座6的顶部具有散热铲齿26,且所述第一换热底座6用于吸收所述负载单元的热量。所述分流板7盖合于所述第一换热底座6的所述散热铲齿26上,且所述分流板7具第一进水孔和至少一个第一出水孔。
在本实施例中,所述第二换热机构包括第二换热底座8,与所述分流板7的顶部相抵接,且所述第二换热底座8具有至少一个第二进水孔25和第二出水孔22;其中,所述进水口9和所述出水口10分别开设于所述第二换热底座8的侧壁上,且所述进水口9通过所述第二出水孔22与所述分流板7的所述第一进水孔相连通,所述出水口10通过所述第二进水孔25与所述分流板7的所述第二出水孔相连通。
在本实施例中,所述第二换热机构还包括:第一翅片组11、第二翅片组12以及金属板13。所述第二翅片组12固定于所述第一翅片组11的底部,且所述第二翅片组12的底部伸入所述第二换热底座8中。所述金属板13设置于所述第一翅片组11与所述第二翅片组12之间,且所述金属板13的底部与所述第二换热底座8的顶部相抵接。其中,所述第二翅片组12用于吸收所述第二换热底座8中的所述流体的热量,并将所述热量通过所述金属板13传递到所述第一翅片组11,且散到空气中。
具体地,所述金属板13例如可为中间导热金属板,热量从所述第二翅片组12传递到所述导热金属板并传递到所述第一翅片组11,最终散到空气中并通过第二换热机构风扇14带走。所述金属板13还例如可为均热板,所述均热板可以进一步强化传热,降低所述第二翅片组12和所述第一翅片组11的传热热阻,强化换热。为便于加工成型,如图8所示,可以将金属板13与第一翅片组11和第二翅片组12分开加工,最后再组装在一起,形成所述金属板13。所述金属板13、所述第一翅片组11和所述第二翅片组12的连接方式例如可为:焊接或螺丝固定后抵接,所述第一翅片组11与所述第二翅片组12相较于所述金属板13突出设置有多个匹配的螺丝孔位,将所述金属板13紧固抵接在所述第一翅片组11的下表面与所述第二翅片组12的上表面之间,通过上述方式连接,可以减少传热表面之间的接触热阻。
具体地,所述第一翅片组11、所述金属板13和所述第二翅片组12也可为一体成型设置的,例如为所述金属板13的上表面轴向延伸至所述第一翅片组11,且所述金属板13的下表面轴向延伸至所述第二翅片组12,而加工方式可以用铲齿机在所述金属板13的上下两个表面加工形成散热片。
在本实施例中,所述第二换热机构还包括第二换热机构风扇14,固定于所述第一翅片组11的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构风扇14用于对所述第一翅片组11提供散热气流。
具体地,本发明的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统包括;冷排2、第一连接管3、第二连接管4、水冷头1和流体泵5。所述流体泵5用于通过液体循环的动力,所述冷排2上具有多组集流管通过冷排2上的冷排散热风扇27将热量散发到空气中,且所述第二翅片组12用于吸收所述第二换热底座8中的所述流体的热量,并将所述热量通过所述金属板13传递到所述第一翅片组11,散到空气中,且所述第二换热机构风扇14通过对所述第一翅片组11提供散热气流,可以加速散热。
在本实施例中,所述负载单元固定于主板15上,所述第二换热机构风扇14的直径大于或等于所述第一换热底座6的直径。其中,当所述第二换热机构风扇14的直径大于所述第一换热底座6的直径时,所述第二换热机构风扇14能够同时对所述第一翅片组11和所述主板15提供散热气流。
具体地,由于所述第二换热机构风扇14的直径大于或等于所述第一换热底座6的直径,从而使得所述第二换热机构风扇14一部分风吹到所述第一翅片组11上,另一部分风能够直接吹到主板15上,带走对所述第二换热机构的热量和热气的同事,对一部分主板15上的发热元件进行散热减低主板15表面的温度,从而提高了整体系统的散热量,具体如图4所示,箭头为风流动方向。
在本实施例中,所述具有多级复合的水冷散热系统还包括控制模块,分别与所述流体泵5、所述第二换热机构风扇14和所述冷排的冷排散热风扇27电性连接,用于控制或驱动所述流体泵5和所述第二换热机构风扇14受控运行。其中,所述控制模块包括信息获取接口,所述信息获取接口用于与上位机电性连接,用于获取所述负载单元的散热需求信息。
具体地,上位机(电脑)系统在实际使用过程中,芯片等发热元件并不是恒热流工作,而是根据用户使用情况,其发热情况也是不断变化的,且这种变化是不规律的,故为保证系统的可靠性,散热系统需要长时间稳定在最高输出能力,即所有动力部件维持在最高转速状态,而这种情况会产生三问题:
1、系统噪声一直保持在最大噪声状态,给使用者造成困扰;
2、长期维持最高转速,散热系统的流体泵和风扇自身的电路产热一直保持最大热量状态,长时间积热降低流体泵和风扇的使用寿命;
3、散热流体泵和风扇使用电脑本身的电源系统,一直维持最大输出意味着散热系统意味着长时间使用最大功耗,耗电严重。
但是IC芯片本身大部分时间只是维持在很低或者中间功耗情况下。为了降低运行噪声和功耗以及散热系统本身的发热,需要对散热系统的动力部件流体泵、风扇进行根据芯片发热情况的变工况控制。
同时由于IC芯片功耗变化的非规律性,使用单纯的线性控制可能导致控制的滞后性(芯片温度先提升,动力元件根据提高后的温度提高输出)这会造成两方面的问题:
1、动力系统输出的提升慢于芯片温度的提高,在高负荷极限情况下,可能导致芯片温度已经高于安全温度一定时间后动力系统才提高转速,降低了系统运行的安全性;
2、控制的波动性:在某系工况下可能会出现温度提高,则提高输出,导致温度降低,再降低输出,动力元件的输出和芯片温度出现这种波动现象,甚至严重情况下出现控制发散情况(温度和控制波动随时间变动越来越大)。
而系统中主要有三个动力部件:冷排散热风扇27(主要的散热动力)、流体泵5(水系统循环动力)、复合换热冷头的第二换热机构风扇14(辅助散热动力,并可以直吹主板,可以给主板去一定的热量)。
如图17所示,本发明的主要控制逻辑如下:
1、系统上电后,冷排散热风扇27、流体泵5和第二换热机构风扇14均启动,并维持在一定转速,保证系统有一定的散热量;
2、通过信息获取接口获得芯片负载散热需求信息:本例中获取负载实时核心温度t1;
3、在生成模块中设置冷头温度t1=t_set,当t1<t_set时,冷排散热风扇27、流体泵5和第二换热机构风扇14启动并维持在初始转速A0;
4、在生成模块中进行温度判断并实时计算控制方程,将控制信息传递到启动模块中,通过驱动模块实时控制风扇和流体泵达到需求转速:当t1>t_set时,首先对流体泵5进行PID控制,流体泵转速按控制方程(1)为:
(1)
其中, 为最大转速,A为流体泵实时转速,j为第j时刻,t_set为安全设定温度;且P、I、D为控制系数,需要根据实际经验及实验数据进行标定。
5、当流体泵5达到最大转速水温依然超过设定温度t_set时,提高冷排散热风扇27转速输出,冷排散热风扇27按照控制方程(1)进行控制,降低冷头温度到安全温度,当冷头温度长时间(维持x分钟)低于(t_set-5)℃时,退出冷排散热风扇27控制,继续使用流体泵5进行控制,直到下次温度超标;
6、如果冷排散热风扇27达到最大转速依然不能使降低到设定温度(t_set-5)℃,则使第二换热机构风扇14进入控制模式,通过控制方程(1)进行控制,直到冷头温度达到安全温度,如果冷头温度长时间(维持x分钟)低于(t_set-5)℃时,退出第二换热机构风扇14控制,继续使用流体泵5-冷排散热风扇进行控制,直到下次温度超标;
其中,P、I、D等参数对流体泵5、冷排散热风扇27、第二散热机构风扇14应各自根据实验和经验公式进行标定,而非取一样的值。
在本实施例中,所述具有多级复合的水冷散热系统还包括:第一防水垫圈16以及第二防水垫圈17。所述第一防水垫圈16设置于所述分流板7和所述第二换热底座8之间。以及所述第二防水垫圈17设置于所述第二换热底座8和所述金属板13之间。
在本实施例中,所述第二换热底座8内设置有容置腔,所述容置腔内设置有相互隔离的第一容置空间18和第二容置空间19,且所述进水口9和所述出水口10开设于所述容置腔的侧壁上。其中,所述第二出水孔22开设于所述第一容置空间内,且所述第二进水孔25开设于所述第二容置空间内。其中,所述第一容置空间18分别与所述进水口9和所述分流板7相连通,且所述第二容置空间19分别与所述分流板7和所述出水口10相连通。其中,所述第二翅片组12的底部伸入所述第二容置空间19中。
在本实施例中,所述第二翅片组12由多个翅片20组成,所述多个翅片20根据所述第二容置空间19的形状进行排布,且具有等间距段和渐变段。
具体地,如图7至图9所示,该种形式的所述第二翅片组12主要可以起到导流和强化换热的效果,冷液进入第二容置空间19后由于是从垂直流动变为水平流动,会产生很多漩涡流动分离,并可能产生一定的回流,降低整体的换热效果,所以可通过第二翅片组12底部的多个翅片20对来流进行整流,使来流更加均匀,消除回流现象。进一步:在入口处(第二进水孔25处)多个翅片20之间设置等间距段及渐变增大段,以减小水流阻力,在中轴右侧的出第二翅片组对称设置等间距及渐变增大段。
在本实施例中,所述第二翅片组12由多组翅片20组成,且每组翅片20均由多个弯折的翅片20组成。
具体地,如图10至图11所示,该种形式的所述第二翅片组12将整体的散热翅片20沿流道分别多组,每组通过转弯形成,从而降低了散热翅片20的加工难度。
在本实施例中,所述第二翅片组12由多个换热柱21组成,所述多个换热柱21交错排布,所述换热柱21均呈水滴型,且所述换热柱21为金属柱或中空热管柱。其中,所述中空热管柱内填充有可相变换热的载冷介质。
具体地,如图12所示,该种形式的所述第二翅片组12上谁有多个换热柱21,换热柱21可以为圆形或者沿来流的水滴型,其中换热柱21应交错排布,以打散来流的尾涡,进而强化换热。但此种方法可能在整体流上产生回流,造成一定的动量损失导致水阻增大。另外换热柱21可以不止是单纯的金属柱,也可以是中空的热管形态,热管内填充可相变换热的载冷介质,强化换热。在实际应用中,本发明的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的在水冷头1方面追加了二次换热(增加了第二换热机构),进一步降低了水冷头1的出水温度,达到了辅助换热的效果,进一步增加了系统整体的换热能力,具体实施方案如下:水冷头1主要分为上下两个换热流道(第一换热机构和第二换热机构),第一换热机构吸收芯片(负载单元)产生的热量,第二换热机构主要作为辅助换热使用,散掉一部分热量,作为冷排2散热的一部分辅助。如图2和图5所示,箭头为冷液流动路径:进水口9-第一容置空间18-分流板中心流道23-第一换热底座6-分流板两侧流道24-第二容置空间19-出水口10。其中,一次换热由第二换热底座8、分流板7和第一换热底座6组成,冷液在分流板7中吸收第一换热底座6的热量。第一换热底座6的下面贴紧芯片,将芯片运行过程中散发的热量通过第一换热底座6上面的翅片20传导到温度较低的冷液中,冷水吸收热量温度提高,并通过分流板7的分流板两侧流道24进入第二换热底座8的第二容置空间19中。其中,二次换热由第二换热底座8和第二换热机构组成,其中第二换热机构下面具有第二翅片组12高温冷液流经第二翅片组12并将热量通过第二翅片组12传递到第一翅片组11,并最终通过第二换热机构风扇14产生的冷却空气将热量带到环境中。而冷却水散掉一定的热量后通过出水口10回到冷排2中,并最终将剩余的热量散发到环境中。其中,如图5所示,冷液在第二换热底座8中的流动方向,第一容置空间18内开设有第二出水孔22,所述第二出水孔22分别与所述进水口9和所述分流板7的分流板中心流道23相连通,且所述第二容置空间19内开设有第二进水孔25,所述第二进水孔25分别与所述分流板7的所述分流板两侧流道24和所述出水口10相连通,从而使所述分流板7与所述第一容置空间18和所述第二容置空间19相连通。其中,所述第二容置空间19加深以降低冷液的流速,从而可以增加换热时间,提高了通流量下的换热系数。另外,如图6所示,所述第二换热底座8的第二容置空间19中的所述第二进水孔25可为两个,即两个第二进水孔25可以和一个出水口10相连通。而与图6所对应的第二翅片组12的结构如图13和图14所示,所述第二翅片组12底部的翅片20同样应修改为沿冷液流动方向水阻最小形态。
实施例二
图15是本发明实施例二中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法的流程示意图;如图15所示,实施例二提供了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法,应用于如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的所述控制模块,所述控制方法包括:
步骤S100,获取所述负载单元的散热需求信息。
具体地,控制模块与上位机电性连接,控制模块通过上位机获取负载单元的散热需求信息,所述散热需求信息例如可为负载单元实时核心温度t1。
步骤S200,根据所述散热需求信息生成至少一个控制信号。
步骤S300,根据所述控制信号,对流体泵5和/或冷排散热风扇27和/或第二换热机构风扇14的运行进行控制。
具体地,系统上电后,冷排散热风扇27、流体泵5和第二换热机构风扇14均启动,并维持在一定转速,保证系统有一定的散热量;而在控制模块中设置冷头温度t1=t_set,当t1<t_set时,生成第一控制信号,从而使控制模块根据第一控制信号控制冷排散热风扇27、流体泵5和第二换热机构风扇14启动并维持在初始转速A0。在控制模块中进行温度判断并实时计算控制方程,通过控制模块实时控制风扇和流体泵达到需求转速:当t1>t_set时,生成第二控制信号,通过第二控制信号首先对流体泵5进行PID控制,流体泵转速按控制方程(1)为:
(1)
其中, 为最大转速,A为流体泵实时转速,j为第j时刻,t_set为安全设定温度;且P、I、D为控制系数,需要根据实际经验及实验数据进行标定。
当流体泵5达到最大转速水温依然超过设定温度t_set时,生成第三控制信号,通过第三控制信号控制提高冷排散热风扇27转速输出,冷排散热风扇27按照控制方程(1)进行控制,降低冷头温度到安全温度,当冷头温度长时间(维持x分钟)低于(t_set-5)℃时,生成第四控制信号,通过第四控制信号退出冷排散热风扇27控制,继续使用流体泵5进行控制,直到下次温度超标。如果冷排散热风扇27达到最大转速依然不能使降低到设定温度(t_set-5)℃,生成第五控制信号,通过第五控制信号使第二换热机构风扇14进入控制模式,通过控制方程(1)进行控制,直到冷头温度达到安全温度,如果冷头温度长时间(维持x分钟)低于(t_set-5)℃时,生成第六控制信号,通过第六控制信号退出第二换热机构风扇14控制,继续使用流体泵5-冷排散热风扇进行控制,直到下次温度超标;其中,P、I、D等参数对流体泵5、冷排散热风扇27、第二散热机构风扇14应各自根据实验和经验公式进行标定,而非取一样的值。
基于上述分析可知,控制模块通过上位机获取负载单元的散热需求,控制模块根据散热需求可以生成不同的控制信号,从而可以分别对所述流体泵5和/或所述冷排散热风扇27和/或所述第二换热机构风扇14做相对应的调整,从而有效提升了总散热能力,节能效果好,且可以满足热源散热的需求并解决控制滞后,噪声大等问题。
实施例三
图16是本发明实施例三中的一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置的结构示意图。如图16所示,实施例三提供了一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,应用于如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法,所述控制装置包括:获取模块161、生成模块162以及控制模块163。所述获取模块161用于获取所述负载单元的散热需求信息。所述生成模块162用于根据所述散热需求信息生成至少一个控制信号。以及所述控制驱动模块163用于根据所述控制信号,对流体泵和/或冷排散热风扇和/或第二换热机构风扇的运行进行控制。
实施例二提供的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法的各种变化方式和具体实例同样适用于本实施例提供的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,通过前述对一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法的详细描述,本领域技术人员可以清楚的知道本实施例中一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置的实施方式,所以为了说明书的简洁,在此不再详述。
实施例四
实施例四提供了一种机箱,采用如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统或如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,或者采用如上所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法。
实施例五
实施例五提供了一种电子设备,采用如上所述的机箱。
总之,本发明的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置,具有如下有益效果:
1、增加第二换热机构,进一步增加了系统整体的热容量,提高了系统的储热能力,进而提高了IC芯片对于工况波动的稳定性;
2、第二换热机构第二翅片组增加翅片20增加第二翅片组换热面积,高温载 液体通过一次换热后处于系统中温度最高的状态,流到第二换热机构和环境进行换热,得到温度稍低的流体,进一步增加系统的换热能力;
3、第二换热机构的换热翅片20多种形态设计,适应不同是使用工况,在降低流动阻力的前提下提高换热效率;
4、在第一换热机构的后经第二换热机构换热增大了热交换面积,在第二换热机构顶部设置一次第二换热机构风扇14之后再经过冷排2散热,相比较常规的单次换热后单次散热提升了效率;
5、金属板13设置在第一换热机构与第二换热机构抵接一侧与散热模块抵接,提升了第二换热机构与一次散热模块的热传导效率;
6、通过第二翅片组导流板的形态降低了流阻;
7、通过金属板13增加了水冷侧腔室热量传递到散热翅片20的效率;
8、第二换热机构风扇14不仅对负载单元散热,还可以对整个主板15上的热源散热。
前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,用于对负载单元进行散热,其特征在于,所述系统包括水冷头,所述水冷头包括:
    第一换热机构,所述第一换热机构的底部固定于所述负载单元上;以及
    第二换热机构,所述第二换热机构的底部固定于所述第一换热机构的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构能能够对流经的流体进行散热。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第一换热机构包括:
    第一换热底座,固定于所述负载单元上,所述第一换热底座的顶部具有散热铲齿,且所述第一换热底座用于吸收所述负载单元的热量;以及
    分流板,盖合于所述第一换热底座的所述散热铲齿上,且所述分流板具第一进水孔和至少一个第一出水孔。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二换热机构包括:
    第二换热底座,与所述分流板的顶部相抵接,且所述第二换热底座具有至少一个第二进水孔和第二出水孔;
    其中,所述进水口和所述出水口分别开设于所述第二换热底座的侧壁上,且所述进水口通过所述第二出水孔与所述分流板的所述第一进水孔相连通,所述出水口通过所述第二进水孔与所述分流板的所述第二出水孔相连通。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二换热机构还包括:
    第一翅片组;
    第二翅片组,固定于所述第一翅片组的底部,且所述第二翅片组的底部伸入所述第二换热底座中;以及
    金属板,设置于所述第一翅片组与所述第二翅片组之间,且所述金属板的底部与所述第二换热底座的顶部相抵接;
    其中,所述第二翅片组用于吸收所述第二换热底座中的所述流体的热量,并将所述热量通过所述金属板传递到所述第一翅片组,且散到空气中。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二换热机构还包括第二换热机构风扇,固定于所述第一翅片组的顶部上,且所述第二换热机构风扇用于对所述第一翅片组提供散热气流。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,所述负载单元固定于主板上,其特征在于,所述第二换热机构风扇的直径大于或等于所述第一换热底座的直径;
    其中,当所述第二换热机构风扇的直径大于所述第一换热底座的直径时,所述第二换热机构风扇能够同时对所述第一翅片组和所述主板提供散热气流。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,还包括:
    冷排,所述冷排通过第一连接管和第二连接管与所述第一换热机构进行连通,且所述冷排用于对流经的所述流体进行散热;以及
    流体泵,设置于所述第一连接管上,且所述流体泵用于驱动所述流体流动;
    其中,流体通过所述第二连接管从所述第二换热机构的进水口进入所述第一换热机构,且依次流经所述第一换热机构和所述第二换热机构,并从所述第二换热机构的出水口流出,且通过所述第一连接管和所述流体泵流入所述冷排的进液口,并从所述冷排的出液口流出,且通过所述第二连接管流入至所述第二换热机构的所述进水口,从而形成冷却循环。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,还包括控制模块,分别与所述流体泵、所述第二换热机构风扇和所述冷排的冷排散热风扇电性连接,用于控制或驱动所述流体泵、所述第二换热机构风扇和所述冷排散热风扇受控运行;
    其中,所述控制模块包括信息获取接口,所述信息获取接口用于与上位机电性连接,用于获取所述负载单元的散热需求信息。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,还包括:
    第一防水垫圈,设置于所述分流板和所述第二换热底座之间;以及
    第二防水垫圈,设置于所述第二换热底座和所述金属板之间。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二换热底座内设置有容置腔,所述容置腔内设置有相互隔离的第一容置空间和第二容置空间,且所述进水口和所述出水口开设于所述容置腔的侧壁上;
    其中,所述第二出水孔开设于所述第一容置空间内,且所述第二进水孔开设于所述第二容置空间内;
    其中,所述第一容置空间分别与所述进水口和所述分流板相连通,且所述第二容置空间分别与所述分流板和所述出水口相连通;
    其中,所述第二翅片组的底部伸入所述第二容置空间中。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二翅片组由多个翅片组成,所述多个翅片根据所述第二容置空间的形状进行排布,且具有等间距段和渐变段。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二翅片组由多组翅片组成,且每组翅片均由多个弯折的翅片组成。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统,其特征在于,所述第二翅片组由多个换热柱组成,所述多个换热柱交错排布,所述换热柱均呈水滴型,且所述换热柱为金属柱或中空热管柱;
    其中,所述中空热管柱内填充有可相变换热的载冷介质。
  14. 一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法,应用于如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的所述控制模块,其特征在于,所述控制方法包括:
    获取负载单元的散热需求信息;
    根据所述散热需求信息生成至少一个控制信号;
    根据所述控制信号,对流体泵和/或冷排散热风扇和/或第二换热机构风扇的运行进行控制。
  15. 一种具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,应用于如权利要求14中所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制装置包括:
    获取模块,用于获取负载单元的散热需求信息;
    生成模块,用于根据所述散热需求信息生成至少一个控制信号;以及
    控制模块,用于根据所述控制信号,对流体泵和/或冷排散热风扇和/或第二换热机构风扇的运行进行控制。
  16. 一种机箱,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1-13任一项所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统或如权利要求15所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制装置,或者采用如权利要求14所述的具有多级复合的水冷散热系统的控制方法。
  17. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,采用如权利要求16所述的机箱。
PCT/CN2025/078719 2024-03-18 2025-02-24 具有多级复合的水冷散热系统、控制方法及控制装置 Pending WO2025195117A1 (zh)

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