WO2025185089A1 - 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池以及用电装置

Info

Publication number
WO2025185089A1
WO2025185089A1 PCT/CN2024/112502 CN2024112502W WO2025185089A1 WO 2025185089 A1 WO2025185089 A1 WO 2025185089A1 CN 2024112502 W CN2024112502 W CN 2024112502W WO 2025185089 A1 WO2025185089 A1 WO 2025185089A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
segment
battery cell
pressure relief
section
groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/112502
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2025185089A8 (zh
Inventor
吴凯
柯剑煌
李耀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025185089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025185089A1/zh
Publication of WO2025185089A8 publication Critical patent/WO2025185089A8/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • a battery cell includes a shell and an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is arranged in the shell, and the shell is provided with a pressure relief portion.
  • the pressure relief portion may crack and fail to flip normally, resulting in the battery cell being unable to release pressure in time, causing the end cover of the battery cell to explode, thereby reducing the safety of the battery cell.
  • the present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • one object of the present application is to provide a battery cell.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a battery.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide an electrical device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, comprising:
  • a housing for accommodating the electrode assembly comprising a first wall portion
  • the pressure relief portion is arranged on the first wall portion, and a notched groove is formed on the pressure relief portion.
  • the bottom of the notched groove is formed with a connected cracking section and an extension section.
  • the pressure relief portion is configured so that when the internal pressure or temperature of the shell reaches a threshold, the cracking section cracks before the extension section.
  • the rupture section when the internal pressure or temperature of the shell reaches the threshold, the rupture section will rupture first, and then the extension section will rupture, thereby reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief part, allowing the battery cell to release pressure in time, reducing the risk of battery cell explosion, and improving the safety of battery cell use.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a battery comprising the above-mentioned battery cell.
  • the battery cell is provided with a cracking section and an extension section.
  • the cracking section cracks first and then the extension section cracks, thereby reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief part, allowing the battery cell to release pressure in time, reducing the risk of battery cell explosion, and improving the safety of battery cell use, thereby improving the safety of battery use.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device comprising the above-mentioned battery.
  • the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery, which improves the safety of the electrical device.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell having a pressure relief portion disposed on an end cap according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG4 is an exploded view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief portion according to a first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a front view of the pressure relief portion according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a cross-sectional view at AA in FIG6;
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of point C in Figure 7;
  • FIG9 is a cross-sectional view at point B-B in FIG6 ;
  • Figure 10 is an enlarged view of point D in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is an enlarged view of point E in Figure 9;
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief portion according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a front view of a pressure relief portion according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief portion according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a front view of a pressure relief portion according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram showing a trapezoidal cross-section of a notched groove of a pressure relief portion according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram showing a semicircular cross-section of a notched groove of a pressure relief portion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram showing a triangular cross-section of a notched groove of a pressure relief portion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of a notched groove of a pressure relief portion having an oblong shape according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram showing notched grooves formed on opposite sides of a pressure relief portion according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 is a schematic diagram showing a pressure relief portion of a battery cell provided on a housing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • references to "embodiments” in this application mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application.
  • the appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.
  • the battery cell may be a secondary battery.
  • a secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be continuously used by activating active materials by charging after the battery cell is discharged.
  • the battery cells can be lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a battery comprising one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the multiple battery cells are connected in series, in parallel or in hybrid through a busbar.
  • the battery may be a battery module.
  • the multiple battery cells are arranged and fixed to form a battery module.
  • the battery may be a battery pack, which includes a case and battery cells, wherein the battery cells or battery modules are housed in the case.
  • the box body can be used as a part of the chassis structure of the vehicle.
  • part of the box body can become at least a part of the floor of the vehicle, or part of the box body can become at least a part of the cross beam and longitudinal beam of the vehicle.
  • the battery may be an energy storage device, including an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, and the like.
  • a pressure relief device can be installed on the outer shell of the battery cell. In the event of thermal runaway, the pressure inside the battery cell is released through the pressure relief device, thereby improving the safety of the battery cell. During pressure relief, there is a risk that the pressure relief device may crack and fail to flip properly, preventing the battery cell from releasing pressure in a timely manner. This could cause the end cap of the battery cell to explode, reducing the safety of the battery cell.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including an electrode assembly and a shell, the shell is used to accommodate the electrode assembly, the shell includes a first wall portion, a pressure relief portion is arranged on the first wall portion, the pressure relief portion is formed with a notch groove, the bottom of the notch groove is formed with a connected cracking section and an extension section, the pressure relief portion is configured so that when the internal pressure or temperature of the shell reaches a threshold value, the cracking section cracks before the extension section, and then the extension section cracks, thereby reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief portion, facilitating the flipping of the pressure relief portion, allowing the battery cell to release pressure in time, reducing the risk of the end cover of the battery cell exploding, and improving the safety of the battery cell.
  • Electrical devices may include vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptop computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles may include fuel vehicles, gas vehicles, or new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles may include pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • Spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.
  • Electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools, and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical devices.
  • FIG 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • a battery 200 is disposed within the vehicle, and battery 200 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle. Battery 200 can be used to power the vehicle, for example, as the vehicle's operating power source.
  • the vehicle may further include a controller 400 and a motor 500 .
  • the controller 400 is used to control the battery 200 to supply power to the motor 500 , for example, to meet the vehicle's power requirements for starting, navigating, and driving.
  • the battery 200 can serve not only as an operating power source for the vehicle, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle.
  • the battery 200 includes a battery cell 100 and a box 201, wherein the box 201 is used to accommodate the battery cell 100.
  • the housing 201 is a component that houses the battery cells 100 and provides storage space for the battery cells 100.
  • the housing 201 can have various structures.
  • the housing 201 can include a first body 202 and a second body 203.
  • the first body 202 and the second body 203 overlap to define a storage space for the battery cells 100.
  • the first body 202 and the second body 203 can have various shapes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder.
  • the first body 202 can be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second body 203 can be a hollow structure with one side open.
  • the open side of the second body 203 overlaps the open side of the first body 202, forming the housing 201 with storage space.
  • the first body 202 can be a hollow structure with one side open
  • the second body 203 can be a plate-like structure.
  • the second body 203 overlaps the open side of the first body 202, forming the housing 201 with storage space.
  • the battery cell 100 may be a cylindrical battery cell 100, a prismatic battery cell 100, a soft pack battery cell 100 or other
  • the prismatic battery cell 100 includes a square shell battery cell 100, a blade-shaped battery cell 100, a polygonal prismatic battery 200, and the polygonal prismatic battery 200 is, for example, a hexagonal prismatic battery 200, etc., and there is no special limitation in this application.
  • the battery 200 there can be one or more battery cells 100. If there are multiple battery cells 100, the multiple battery cells 100 can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid connection.
  • a hybrid connection refers to a combination of series and parallel connections among the multiple battery cells 100.
  • Multiple battery cells 100 can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery 200 module.
  • the multiple battery modules 200 can then be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a single unit and housed within the housing 201.
  • all battery cells 100 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid connection, and then the entire unit formed by all battery cells 100 can be housed within the housing 201.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell 100 according to some embodiments of the present invention
  • FIG4 is an exploded view of a battery cell 100 according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the battery cell 100 may include a housing 20 and an electrode assembly 10 .
  • the housing 20 is used to house the electrode assembly 10 and other components such as the electrolyte.
  • the housing 20 can be a steel shell, an aluminum shell, a plastic shell (such as polypropylene), a composite metal shell (such as a copper-aluminum composite housing 20), or an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the housing 20 can include a shell 23 and an end cap 24.
  • the housing 23 may be a hollow structure with an opening at one end, or a hollow structure with openings at opposite ends.
  • the housing 23 may be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, and the like.
  • the end cap 24 is a component that closes the opening of the shell 23 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 100 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 24 and the shell 23 together define a storage space for accommodating the electrode assembly 10, electrolyte, and other components.
  • the end cap 24 can be connected to the shell 23 by welding or crimping to close the opening of the shell 23.
  • the shape of the end cap 24 can be adapted to the shape of the outer shell 20. For example, if the shell 23 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the end cap 24 is a rectangular plate structure adapted to the shell 23.
  • the material of the end cap 24 can also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the housing 23 is a hollow structure with openings at both ends
  • two end caps 24 can be provided.
  • the two end caps 24 respectively close the two openings of the housing 23, and the two end caps 24 and the housing 23 together define a storage space.
  • the end cap 24 closes the opening at one end of the housing 23, and the end cap 24 and the housing 23 together define a storage space.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
  • active ions such as lithium ions
  • the separator is placed between the positive and negative electrodes to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes while allowing the active ions to pass through.
  • the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material region disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, wherein the positive electrode active material region has a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode active material region is provided on either or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, which may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material region disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material region is provided on either one or both of the two facing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum, and the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper.
  • the electrode assembly 10 further includes a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
  • the separator is a separator.
  • the present application has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known separator with a porous structure having good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.
  • the separator is a solid electrolyte, which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and serves to transport ions and isolate the positive and negative electrodes.
  • the battery cell 100 further includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • an electrolyte acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This application does not specifically limit the type of electrolyte, and the electrolyte may be selected based on needs.
  • the electrolyte may be liquid, gel, or solid.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a wound structure in which the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound into a wound structure.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a laminated structure.
  • multiple positive electrode sheets and multiple negative electrode sheets can be provided respectively, and the multiple positive electrode sheets and the multiple negative electrode sheets can be alternately stacked.
  • multiple positive electrode sheets may be provided, and the negative electrode sheet is folded to form multiple stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode sheet sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.
  • both the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are folded to form a plurality of stacked folded segments.
  • multiple separators may be provided, each of which is provided between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets.
  • the separator may be provided continuously, and may be provided between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets by folding or winding.
  • the shape of the electrode assembly 10 can be flat or polygonal.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is provided with tabs, which can conduct current from the electrode assembly 10.
  • the tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.
  • the battery cell 100 may further include an electrical connection terminal 25, which may be disposed on the housing 20.
  • the electrical connection terminal 25 is configured to electrically connect to the tab of the electrode assembly 10 to output electrical energy from the battery cell 100.
  • the electrical connection terminal 25 may be directly connected to the tab, for example, by direct welding.
  • the electrical connection terminal 25 may also be indirectly connected to the tab, for example, by a current collecting member.
  • the current collecting member may be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, or an aluminum alloy.
  • two electrical connection terminals 25 can be set on the end cover 24.
  • the two electrical connection terminals 25 are respectively a positive electrical connection terminal 25 (i.e., a positive electrode column) and a negative electrical connection terminal 25 (i.e., a negative electrode column).
  • the positive electrical connection terminal 25 is electrically connected to the positive electrode ear
  • the negative electrical connection terminal 25 is electrically connected to the negative electrode ear.
  • the battery cell 100 according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to FIG. 5 to FIG. 21 .
  • the battery cell 100 includes: an electrode assembly 10; a shell 20 for accommodating the electrode assembly 10, the shell 20 including a first wall portion 21; a pressure relief portion 30, the pressure relief portion 30 being arranged on the first wall portion 21, the pressure relief portion 30 forming a notch groove 31, the bottom of the notch groove 31 forming a connected rupture section 32 and an extension section 33, the pressure relief portion 30 being configured such that when the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches a threshold value, the rupture section 32 ruptures before the extension section 33.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet, for example: the electrode assembly 10 includes at least one positive electrode sheet and at least one negative electrode sheet, at least one positive electrode sheet and at least one negative electrode sheet are stacked to form the electrode assembly 10, at least a portion of the positive electrode sheet and at least a portion of the negative electrode sheet can be stacked along a first direction, when the battery cell 100 is placed in the direction shown in Figure 3, the first direction refers to the Y direction in Figure 3.
  • the electrode assembly 10 may also be of a wound type, where the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 10 are stacked with the separator and then wound into a shape, with the positive electrode sheet portion and the negative electrode sheet portion stacked along a first direction.
  • the housing 20 defines an installation cavity, and the electrode assembly 10 of the battery cell 100 is installed in the installation cavity.
  • the housing 20 includes a first wall portion 21 , which serves as a cavity wall of the installation cavity.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 is provided on the first wall portion 21. This portion can be an explosion-proof valve, or the first wall portion 21 can be scored to form the pressure relief portion 30.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 is formed with a scored groove 31.
  • the bottom of the scored groove 31 is formed with a connected rupture section 32 and an extension section 33.
  • the bottom wall of the scored groove 31 is formed with a connected rupture section 32 and an extension section 33.
  • the scored groove 31 of the pressure relief portion 30 opens, allowing gas and substances inside the battery cell 100 to be discharged from the pressure relief portion 30, achieving a pressure relief effect.
  • the threshold design varies depending on design requirements and may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive and negative electrode sheets, electrolyte, and separator in the battery cell 100.
  • the cracking section 32 When the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches a threshold value, the cracking section 32 first cracks and tears the bottom wall of the notched groove 31. After the cracking section 32 cracks, it cracks along the extension section 33, that is, the bottom wall of the notched groove 31 cracks along the extension section 33. Since the internal pressure of the shell 20 is high, under the action of the internal pressure of the shell 20, part of the structure of the pressure relief part 30 is conducive to flipping outward, which can make the battery cell 100 depressurized in time, reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and improve the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the rupture section 32 and the extension section 33 when the internal pressure or temperature of the outer shell 20 reaches a threshold value, the rupture section 32 ruptures first, and then the extension section 33 ruptures, thereby reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief portion 30, allowing the battery cell 100 to release pressure in a timely manner, reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • a main section 34 is also formed at the bottom of the notch groove 31, and an extension section 33 is connected between the cracking section 32 and the main section 34.
  • the thickness of the extension section 33 is less than the thickness of the cracking section 32, and the thickness of the cracking section 32 is less than the thickness of the main section 34.
  • the bottom of the scored groove 31 also forms a main section 34.
  • the bottom wall of the scored groove 31 also forms a main section 34.
  • the extension section 33 is connected between the crack initiation section 32 and the main section 34.
  • one end of the crack initiation section 32 is connected to one end of the extension section 33
  • one end of the main section 34 is connected to the other end of the extension section 33
  • the other end of the crack initiation section 32 is connected to the other end of the main section 34.
  • there are two extension sections 33 one extension section 33 is connected between one end of the crack initiation section 32 and one end of the main section 34
  • the other extension section 33 is connected between the other end of the crack initiation section 32 and the other end of the main section 34.
  • the thickness of the extension section 33 is smaller than that of the rupture initiation section 32, which in turn is smaller than that of the main section 34.
  • the rupture initiation section 32 can initiate rupture before the extension section 33.
  • the internal pressure of the housing 20 facilitates the rupture of the extension section 33, thereby further facilitating the outward rotation of a portion of the pressure relief portion 30, allowing for timely pressure relief from the battery cell 100, further reducing the risk of explosion and enhancing the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the main section 34 maximizes its structural strength.
  • the risk of the main section 34 rupturing is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of the pressure relief portion 30 flying out of the housing 20 under the internal pressure, thereby reducing the risk of damage to objects or injuries, further enhancing the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • extension section 33, the crack initiation section 32 and the main section 34 can all be set to a uniform thickness, or the extension section 33, the crack initiation section 32 and the main section 34 can all be set to a non-uniform thickness, or part of the extension section 33, the crack initiation section 32 and the main section 34 are set to a uniform thickness, and another part of the extension section 33, the crack initiation section 32 and the main section 34 are set to a non-uniform thickness.
  • This application takes the example of the extension section 33 being set to a non-uniform thickness and the crack initiation section 32 being set to a uniform thickness.
  • the thickness of the extension section 33 is the average thickness of the extension section 33, and the thickness values of each area of the crack initiation section 32 are equal.
  • the rupture initiation section 32 can be achieved before the extension section 33 ruptures. Furthermore, after the rupture initiation section 32 ruptures, the internal pressure of the housing 20 facilitates the rupture of the extension section 33, thereby further facilitating the outward rotation of part of the pressure relief portion 30, allowing for timely pressure relief from the battery cell 100, further reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100 and further improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the main section 34 maximizes its structural strength.
  • the risk of the main section 34 rupturing is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of the pressure relief portion 30 structure flying out of the housing 20 under the internal pressure, reducing the risk of damage to objects or injuries, and further improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • a ratio of the thickness of the crack initiation segment 32 to the thickness of the extension segment 33 is greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.1.
  • the thickness ratio of the rupture section 32 to the extension section 33 affects the functionality of the pressure relief portion 30.
  • the ratio is too small (i.e., the thicknesses of the rupture section 32 and the extension section 33 are designed to be similar)
  • the extension section 33 cannot effectively assist in cracking the bottom of the notch 31. This can easily result in only the rupture section 32 cracking after the pressure relief portion 30 is opened, causing the battery cell 100 to explode due to insufficient pressure relief area. Therefore, the thickness ratio of the rupture section 32 to the extension section 33 has a minimum value.
  • the extension section 33 is prone to non-air pressure-driven mechanical damage, i.e., cracking, under normal operating conditions (such as vibration, shock, and respiratory fatigue). This can cause abnormal leakage of the battery cell 100. Therefore, the thickness ratio of the rupture section 32 to the extension section 33 has a maximum value.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the cracking section 32 to the thickness of the extension section 33 is greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.1.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the cracking section 32 to the thickness of the extension section 33 can be set to values such as 1.05, 2, and 2.1. Such a setting can help the extension section 33 to assist the bottom of the scoring groove 31 to crack, thereby reducing the pressure relief portion 30 from opening. After opening, only the cracking section 32 cracks, which reduces the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100. It can also reduce the risk of the extension section 33 cracking under normal use conditions and reduce the risk of leakage of the battery cell 100.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the rupture section 32 to the thickness of the extension section 33 is greater than or equal to 1.05 and less than or equal to 2.1, which is conducive to the extension section 33 to assist the bottom of the notch groove 31 to crack, thereby reducing the occurrence of only the rupture section 32 cracking after the pressure relief part 30 is opened, reducing the occurrence of explosion of the battery cell 100, and also reducing the risk of the extension section 33 cracking under normal use conditions, reducing the risk of leakage of the battery cell 100.
  • the thickness of the crack initiation segment 32 is greater than or equal to 0.05 mm and less than or equal to 0.31 mm.
  • the thickness of the crack initiation section 32 can be set to values such as 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.31 mm, as long as the thickness of the crack initiation section 32 is 0.05 mm, 0.31 mm, or any value between 0.05 mm and 0.31 mm. If the thickness of the crack initiation section 32 is less than 0.05 mm, the crack initiation section 32 is too thin, and the crack initiation section 32 is prone to cracking due to mechanical damage under long-term use. If the thickness of the crack initiation section 32 is greater than 0.31 mm, the crack initiation section 32 is too thick, and when the internal pressure or temperature of the housing 20 reaches a threshold, the crack initiation section 32 is prone to not cracking in time.
  • the thickness of the rupture segment 32 is made appropriate, thereby reducing the risk of the rupture segment 32 cracking due to mechanical damage under long-term application conditions.
  • the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches a threshold, it is conducive to the timely rupture of the rupture segment 32, so that the battery cell 100 can be depressurized in time.
  • the thickness of the rupture section 32 is made greater than or equal to 0.05 mm and less than or equal to 0.31 mm, the thickness of the rupture section 32 can be made appropriate, thereby reducing the risk of the rupture section 32 cracking due to mechanical damage under long-term application conditions.
  • the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches a threshold, it is conducive to the timely rupture of the rupture section 32, so that the battery cell 100 can be depressurized in time.
  • the scoring groove 31 is an annular structure, and the inner edge of the scoring groove 31 defines a pressure relief area 35 .
  • the notched groove 31 is an annular structure.
  • the notched groove 31 has an outer edge and an inner edge.
  • the inner edge of the notched groove 31 can define a pressure relief zone 35.
  • the extension section 33 is cracked under the action of the internal pressure of the outer shell 20, which is more conducive to the pressure relief zone 35 of the pressure relief part 30 to flip outward, so that the pressure relief part 30 forms an opening, which can enable the battery cell 100 to release pressure from the opening in time, further reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and further improve the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the inner edge of the notched groove 31 defines a pressure relief zone 35.
  • the extension section 33 is cracked under the action of the internal pressure of the outer shell 20, which is more conducive to the pressure relief zone 35 of the pressure relief part 30 to flip outward, so that the pressure relief part 30 forms an opening, which can enable the battery cell 100 to release pressure from the opening in time, further reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and further improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the pressure relief zone 35 is in the shape of an elongated strip, and the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 is greater than 1.2 and less than 5.5.
  • the pressure relief zone 35 is an elongated strip-shaped structure. As an example, as shown in FIG6 , the pressure relief zone 35 is an oblong structure. As another example, as shown in FIG13 and FIG15 , the pressure relief zone 35 is a rectangular structure. Taking the oblong structure of the pressure relief zone 35 in FIG6 as an example, the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 along the length direction of the pressure relief zone 35 is L mm, and the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 along the width direction of the pressure relief zone 35 is W mm. The ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 is the aspect ratio of the pressure relief zone 35.
  • the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 is greater than 1.2 and less than 5.5.
  • the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 can be 1.3, 1.5, 2, 5, 5.4, etc. As long as the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 is between 1.2 and 5.5, it is acceptable.
  • the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 increases, the shape of the pressure relief zone 35 approaches a long strip, and the uneven distribution of strain in the pressure relief zone 35 under pressure drive becomes more severe, which can easily cause abnormal cracking of the pressure relief portion 30 under long-term use conditions. Therefore, considering the long-term reliability design requirements of the pressure relief portion 30, the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief zone 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief zone 35 has a design maximum value.
  • the shape of the pressure relief zone 35 approaches a square or circle, and the notch groove 31 is The strain distribution of the notches at different positions tends to be consistent, which increases the strength, but is not conducive to the normal cracking and pressure relief of the notch at the bottom of the notch groove 31, affecting the normal functionality of the pressure relief part 30.
  • the ratio of the maximum length of the pressure relief area 35 to the maximum width of the pressure relief area 35 has a design minimum value.
  • the strain distribution of the pressure relief zone 35 under pressure drive to be uniform, and under long-term use conditions, the risk of abnormal cracking of the pressure relief part 30 is reduced.
  • the cracking section 32 When the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches the threshold, it is beneficial for the cracking section 32 to crack earlier than the extension section 33, which is beneficial for the normal cracking and pressure relief of the notch at the bottom of the notch groove 31, thereby improving the working reliability of the pressure relief part 30.
  • the scoring groove 31 includes two first straight groove segments 36 and two first arc-shaped groove segments 37, and the two ends of each first straight groove segment 36 are respectively connected to the two first arc-shaped groove segments 37 to make the scoring groove 31 constructed into a ring shape.
  • the length of the first straight groove segment 36 is greater than the length of the first arc-shaped groove segment 37.
  • a cracking section 32 is formed at the bottom of at least one first straight groove segment 36, and an extension section 33 is formed at the bottom of at least one first arc-shaped groove segment 37.
  • the scored groove 31 includes two first straight groove segments 36 and two first arcuate groove segments 37.
  • the first straight groove segments 36 can be straight or quasi-straight.
  • the first arcuate groove segments 37 can be arc-shaped.
  • the two first straight groove segments 36 are oppositely spaced apart.
  • the two first straight groove segments 36 can be parallel to each other and oppositely spaced apart.
  • Each first straight groove segment 36 is connected to two first arcuate groove segments 37 at both ends.
  • the two first straight groove segments 36 and the two first arcuate groove segments 37 form a closed annular structure, which can give the scored groove 31 a ring shape or an oblong shape.
  • the length of the first straight groove segment 36 is greater than that of the first arcuate groove segment 37, thereby forming the pressure relief area 35 in an elongated strip shape.
  • a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of at least one first straight groove segment 36. In other words, a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of one first straight groove segment 36, or both first straight groove segments 36.
  • At least one first arcuate slot segment 37 has an extension segment 33 formed at its bottom. In other words, one first arcuate slot segment 37 has an extension segment 33 formed at its bottom, or both first arcuate slot segments 37 have extension segments 33 formed at their bottoms.
  • first straight slot segment 36 has a crack initiation segment 32 formed at its bottom, and both first arcuate slot segments 37 have extension segments 33 formed at their bottoms.
  • first straight slot segment 36 has a crack initiation segment 32 formed at its bottom
  • the other first straight slot segment 36 has a main body segment 34 formed at its bottom.
  • the entire bottom area of one first straight slot segment 36 is formed with the crack initiation segment 32
  • the entire bottom area of the other first straight slot segment 36 is formed with the main body segment 34
  • the entire bottom area of each first arcuate slot segment 37 is formed with an extension segment 33.
  • the cracking section 32 When the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches a threshold value, the cracking section 32 first cracks, tearing the bottom wall of the first straight groove section 36. After the cracking section 32 cracks, it cracks along the extension section 33 at the first arc-shaped groove section 37. Since the internal pressure of the shell 20 is high, under the action of the internal pressure of the shell 20, it is more conducive to the outward flipping of the pressure relief area 35, which can make the battery cell 100 depressurized in time, reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and improve the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the notched groove 31 includes two first straight groove sections 36 and two first arc-shaped groove sections 37.
  • the cracking section 32 first cracks and tears the bottom wall of the first straight groove section 36. After the cracking section 32 cracks, it cracks along the extension section 33 at the first arc-shaped groove section 37. Since the internal pressure of the shell 20 is high, under the action of the internal pressure of the shell 20, it is more conducive to the outward flipping of the pressure relief zone 35, which can make the battery cell 100 depressurized in time, reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and improve the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the scoring groove 31 includes two second straight groove segments 38 and two third straight groove segments 39, and the two ends of each second straight groove segment 38 are respectively connected to the two third straight groove segments 39 to make the scoring groove 31 constructed into a ring shape, the length of the second straight groove segment 38 is greater than the length of the third straight groove segment 39, and a cracking section 32 is formed at the bottom of at least one second straight groove segment 38, and an extension section 33 is formed at the bottom of at least one third straight groove segment 39.
  • the notched groove 31 includes two second straight groove segments 38 and two third straight groove segments 39.
  • the second straight groove segments 38 can be straight or similar to a straight line, and the third straight groove segments 39 can be straight or similar to a straight line.
  • the two second straight groove segments 38 are arranged opposite each other and spaced apart.
  • the two second straight groove segments 38 can be parallel to each other.
  • the two third straight groove segments 39 are arranged opposite each other and spaced apart.
  • the two third straight groove segments 39 can be parallel to each other.
  • the two ends of each second straight groove segment 38 are respectively connected to the two third straight groove segments 39.
  • the two second straight groove segments 38 and the two third straight groove segments 39 form a closed loop.
  • the notched groove 31 can be configured as a ring or a rectangle.
  • the length of the second straight groove segment 38 is greater than the length of the third straight groove segment 39, thereby forming the pressure relief area 35 in the shape of an elongated strip.
  • a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of at least one second straight groove segment 38, that is, a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of one second straight groove segment 38, or a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of both second straight groove segments 38.
  • An extension section 33 is formed at the bottom of at least one third straight groove segment 39, that is, a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of one third straight groove segment 39, or a crack initiation section 32 is formed at the bottom of both third straight groove segments 39.
  • This application uses the example of a second straight groove segment 38 having a crack initiation section 32 formed at the bottom and two third straight groove segments 39 having extension sections 33 formed at the bottom as examples.
  • a second straight groove segment 38 has a crack initiation section 32 formed at the bottom
  • the other second straight groove segment 38 has a main section 34 formed at the bottom.
  • the entire bottom area of a second straight slot segment 38 is formed with a crack initiation segment 32
  • the entire bottom area of another second straight slot segment 38 is formed with a main body segment 34
  • the entire bottom area of each third straight slot segment 39 is formed with an extension segment 33 .
  • the cracking section 32 When the internal pressure or temperature of the shell 20 reaches a threshold value, the cracking section 32 first cracks, tearing the bottom wall of the second straight groove section 38. After the cracking section 32 cracks, it cracks along the extension section 33 at the third straight groove section 39. Since the internal pressure of the shell 20 is high, under the action of the internal pressure of the shell 20, it is more conducive to the outward flipping of the pressure relief area 35, which can make the battery cell 100 depressurized in time, reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and improve the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the notched groove 31 includes two second straight groove segments 38 and two third straight groove segments 39.
  • the cracking segment 32 first cracks and tears the bottom wall of the second straight groove segment 38. After the cracking segment 32 cracks, it cracks along the extension segment 33 at the third straight groove segment 39. Since the internal pressure of the outer shell 20 is high, under the action of the internal pressure of the outer shell 20, it is more conducive to the outward flipping of the pressure relief zone 35, which can make the battery cell 100 depressurized in time, reduce the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and improve the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the scoring groove 31 further includes a second arcuate groove segment 391 , and the second straight groove segment 38 is connected to the third straight groove segment 39 via the second arcuate groove segment 391 .
  • an extension section 33 can be formed at the bottom of the second arc-shaped slot segment 391, the second arc-shaped slot segment 391 can be circular, and the second arc-shaped slot segment 391 is connected between the second straight line slot segment 38 and the connected third straight line slot segment 39.
  • a second arc-shaped slot segment 391 is connected between each second straight line slot segment 38 and the connected third straight line slot segment 39, so that the second straight line slot segment 38 is connected to the third straight line slot segment 39 through the second arc-shaped slot segment 391.
  • the second arc-shaped slot segment 391 is connected between the second straight slot segment 38 and the third straight slot segment 39, so that the connection between the second straight slot segment 38 and the connected third straight slot segment 39 can be smoothly transitioned, reducing the risk of premature cracking of the pressure relief portion 30 due to stress concentration.
  • the internal pressure or temperature of the outer shell 20 reaches the threshold, after the cracking segment 32 cracks, it is convenient for the cracking segment 32 to expand the crack toward the extension segment 33, further reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief zone 35, so that the battery cell 100 can be depressurized in time, further reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and further improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the second arc-shaped slot segment 391 is configured as an arc, and the chamfer radius of the second arc-shaped slot segment 391 is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the second arcuate groove segment 391 is configured as an arc, and the chamfer radius of the second arcuate groove segment 391 is greater than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the chamfer radius of the second arcuate groove segment 391 can be 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, etc.
  • the upper limit of the chamfer radius of the second arcuate groove segment 391 can be reasonably set according to actual conditions.
  • the cracking of the cracking initiation segment 32 is more easily extended to the extension segment 33, further reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief zone 35, allowing the battery cell 100 to be depressurized in a timely manner, further reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and further improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the connection between the second straight groove segment 38 and the connected third straight groove segment 39 can be made smoother, further reducing the risk of premature cracking of the pressure relief portion 30 due to stress concentration.
  • the internal pressure or temperature of the outer shell 20 reaches the threshold, after the cracking segment 32 cracks, it is easier for the cracking segment 32 to expand toward the extension segment 33, further reducing the difficulty of flipping the pressure relief zone 35, allowing the battery cell 100 to be depressurized in time, further reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100, and further improving the safety of the battery cell 100.
  • the crack initiation segment 32 is a straight line segment extending along a first direction; or the crack initiation segment 32 is a straight line segment extending along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes at least one positive electrode sheet and at least one negative electrode sheet.
  • the at least one positive electrode sheet and at least one negative electrode sheet are stacked to form the electrode assembly 10.
  • At least a portion of the positive electrode sheet and at least a portion of the negative electrode sheet can be stacked along a first direction.
  • the first direction refers to the Y direction in FIG3 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 can also be a wound type.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 10 are stacked with a separator and then wound into a shape. Parts of the positive electrode sheet and parts of the negative electrode sheet are stacked along the first direction.
  • the housing 20 can also include two second wall portions 22 connected to the first wall portion 21.
  • the two second wall portions 22 are located on both sides of the electrode assembly 10 along the first direction.
  • the crack initiation segment 32 is a straight segment extending along the first direction, that is, the crack initiation segment 32 extends along the first direction, which is conducive to the crack initiation segment 32 preferentially extending to the segment 33 to initiate cracking.
  • the rupture initiation segment 32 is a straight segment extending in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the second direction refers to the X direction in Figure 3.
  • the electrode assembly 10 expands, the majority of the expansion occurs in the first direction. Therefore, by configuring the rupture initiation segment 32 as a straight segment extending in the second direction, the force applied to the rupture initiation segment 32 is greater than that applied to the extension segment 33. This facilitates rupture of the rupture initiation segment 32 before the extension segment 33, allowing for timely pressure relief in the battery cell 100 and further reducing the risk of explosion.
  • the rupture initiation section 32 is facilitated to initiate rupture before the extension section 33.
  • the force applied to the rupture initiation section 32 is greater than the force applied to the extension section 33, further facilitating the rupture initiation section 32 to initiate rupture before the extension section 33, thereby timely decompressing the battery cell 100 and further reducing the risk of explosion of the battery cell 100.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 is integrally formed with the first wall portion 21; or, the pressure relief portion 30 and the first wall portion 21 are separately provided, the first wall portion 21 is provided with a through hole, and the pressure relief portion 30 is installed in the through hole.
  • a notch 31 can be provided on the first wall portion 21, forming a weak area of the first wall portion 21 in the region where the notch 31 is provided. This simplifies the molding of the pressure relief portion 30 and reduces production costs.
  • the molding of the pressure relief portion 30 is simplified, which can reduce the number of components comprising the battery cell 100, simplify the structure of the battery cell 100, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the battery cell 100.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 is provided separately from the first wall portion 21 .
  • the pressure relief portion 30 and the outer shell 20 are two separate components that are separately molded and then assembled together.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 may be a component such as an explosion-proof disk, an explosion-proof valve, or a safety valve.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 may be attached to the first wall portion 21 by bonding, welding, or the like.
  • the first wall portion 21 is provided with a through-hole, and the pressure relief portion 30 is attached to the through-hole.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 opens at least a portion of the through-hole, and the exhaust medium within the battery cell 100 is discharged through the through-hole to relieve the pressure within the battery cell 100.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 and the first wall portion 21 as separate components, it is convenient to provide the pressure relief portion 30 on the outer shell 20 , with low manufacturing difficulty and high efficiency, thereby improving the production efficiency of the battery cell 100.
  • the explosion-proof disc is a sheet having at least a portion of its strength less than that of the first wall portion 21.
  • the explosion-proof disc covers the through-hole and is welded to the first wall portion 21.
  • the explosion-proof disc is at least partially destroyed, thereby opening at least a portion of the through-hole to release the pressure inside the battery cell 100.
  • the housing 20 includes: a shell 23 and an end cover 24, at least one side of the shell 23 has an opening, the end cover 24 is connected to the shell 23 and is used to close the opening, and the first wall portion 21 is formed on the shell 23.
  • the shell 23 may be a hollow structure with an opening at one end, or a hollow structure with openings at two opposite ends.
  • the shell 23 may be in various shapes, such as a prismatic shape.
  • the end cap 24 is a component that closes the opening of the shell 23 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 100 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 24 and the shell 23 together define a mounting cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10, the electrolyte, and other components.
  • the shape of the end cap 24 may be compatible with the shape of the shell 23. For example, if the shell 23 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the end cap 24 may be a rectangular plate-shaped structure that is compatible with the shell 23.
  • the end cap 24 may be a circular plate-shaped structure that is compatible with the shell 23.
  • the material of the end cap 24 may also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • the material of the end cap 24 and the shell 23 may be the same or different.
  • one end cap 24 may be provided.
  • two end caps 24 may be provided, each of which closes the two openings of the housing 23 and defines a mounting cavity together with the housing 23.
  • the shell 23 has a first wall portion 21 and a second wall portion 22.
  • the first wall portion 21 is formed on the shell 23.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 can be integrally formed with the shell 23 or can be separately provided with the shell 23.
  • the structure of the end cover 24 can be simplified, and at the same time, it is convenient to shorten the distance between the pressure relief portion 30 and the main body of the electrode assembly 10, thereby shortening the path of the discharge medium flowing to the pressure relief portion 30 during pressure relief, shortening the time for the discharge medium to reach the pressure relief portion 30, and improving the timeliness of the pressure relief of the battery cell 100, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the battery cell 100.
  • the first wall portion 21 is formed in the shell 23, which can simplify the structure of the end cover 24 and facilitate shortening the distance between the pressure relief portion 30 and the main body of the electrode assembly 10. This can shorten the path of the discharge medium flowing to the pressure relief portion 30 during pressure relief, shorten the time for the discharge medium to reach the pressure relief portion 30, and improve the timeliness of the pressure relief of the battery cell 100, thereby effectively improving the reliability of the battery cell 100.
  • two opposite sides of the housing 23 have openings, and the two end covers 24 are used to close the openings on the corresponding sides.
  • two end caps 24 may be provided.
  • the two end caps 24 respectively close the two openings of the housing 23, and the two end caps 24 and the housing 23 together define a mounting cavity.
  • the end caps 24 are provided with electrical connection terminals 25, which are electrically connected to the positive electrode sheet or the negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrical connection terminal 25 can be a part of the end cover 24, and the electrical connection terminal 25 can also be a pole installed on the end cover 24; usually there are two electrical connection terminals 25, one electrical connection terminal 25 is a positive pole and is electrically connected to the pole tab of the positive pole sheet, and the other electrical connection terminal 25 is a negative pole and is electrically connected to the pole tab of the negative pole sheet to input or output the electrical energy of the battery cell 100.
  • the electrical connection terminal 25 and the pole tab can be directly connected, for example, the electrical connection terminal 25 and the pole tab are directly welded, and the electrical connection terminal 25 and the pole tab can also be indirectly connected, for example, the electrical connection terminal 25 and the pole tab are indirectly connected through a current collecting component, and the current collecting component can be a metal conductor, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the shell 23 has openings on both sides thereof, and the two end covers 24 are used to close the openings on the corresponding sides, which can jointly define the installation cavity.
  • the first wall portion 21 is used to support the electrode assembly 10 and is located below the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the shell 23 has a shell bottom wall opposite to and spaced apart from the end cover 24 .
  • the shell bottom wall is configured as a first wall portion 21 .
  • the first wall portion 21 can support the electrode assembly 10 .
  • the electrode assembly 10 is supported by the first wall portion 21 , so that the electrode assembly 10 can be stably installed in the installation cavity of the housing 20 .
  • the housing 20 includes: a shell 23 and an end cover 24, at least one side of the shell 23 has an opening, the end cover 24 is connected to the shell 23 and is used to close the opening, and the first wall portion 21 forms On the end cover 24.
  • the shell 23 may be a hollow structure with an opening at one end, or a hollow structure with openings at two opposite ends.
  • the shell 23 may be in various shapes, such as a prismatic shape.
  • the end cap 24 is a component that closes the opening of the shell 23 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 100 from the external environment.
  • the end cap 24 and the shell 23 together define a mounting cavity for accommodating the electrode assembly 10, the electrolyte, and other components.
  • the shape of the end cap 24 may be compatible with the shape of the shell 23. For example, if the shell 23 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the end cap 24 may be a rectangular plate-shaped structure that is compatible with the shell 23.
  • the end cap 24 may be a circular plate-shaped structure that is compatible with the shell 23.
  • the material of the end cap 24 may also be various, such as copper, iron, aluminum, steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc.
  • the material of the end cap 24 and the shell 23 may be the same or different.
  • one end cap 24 may be provided.
  • two end caps 24 may be provided, each of which closes the two openings of the housing 23 and defines a mounting cavity together with the housing 23.
  • the structure of the shell 23 can be simplified and the production efficiency of the shell 23 can be improved.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 of the first embodiment is an oblong shape.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 of the second embodiment is a rectangular shape.
  • FIG14 a schematic diagram of the pressure relief portion 30 of the third embodiment is shown. Compared with the pressure relief portion 30 of the second embodiment, the pressure relief portion 30 of the third embodiment is provided with a second arcuate groove segment 391.
  • the cross-section of the notched groove 31 is square. As shown in FIG16 , the cross-section of the notched groove 31 is trapezoidal. As shown in FIG17 , the cross-section of the notched groove 31 is semicircular. As shown in FIG18 , the cross-section of the notched groove 31 is triangular. As shown in FIG19 , the cross-section of the notched groove 31 is oblong. As shown in FIG20 , notched grooves 31 are formed on both sides of the pressure relief portion 30. The notched grooves 31 on both sides of the pressure relief portion 30 are arranged opposite to each other, and the bottom of the notched groove 31 is formed between the two notched grooves 31 on both sides. The two notched grooves 31 on both sides share the bottom of the same notched groove 31.
  • the present application further provides a battery 200 , comprising the battery cell 100 in the above embodiment.
  • the present application further provides an electrical device 300 , comprising the battery 200 in the above embodiment.
  • the present application provides a battery cell 100, which includes an outer shell 20 and an electrode assembly 10.
  • the outer shell 20 includes a shell body 23 and an end cover 24, the shell body 23 and the end cover 24 are connected, and the shell body 23 and the end cover 24 together define an installation cavity.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is installed in the installation cavity.
  • the bottom wall of the shell body 23 is constructed as a first wall portion 21, and a pressure relief portion 30 is provided on the bottom wall of the shell body 23.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 is formed with a notch groove 31, and the bottom of the notch groove 31 is formed with a connected cracking section 32 and an extension section 33.
  • the pressure relief portion 30 is configured so that when the internal pressure or temperature of the outer shell 20 reaches a threshold value, the cracking section 32 cracks before the extension section 33.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池单体(100)、电池(200)以及用电装置(300)，电池单体(100)包括：电极组件(10)；外壳(20)，用于容纳电极组件(10)，外壳(20)包括第一壁部(21)；泄压部(30)，泄压部(30)设于第一壁部(21)，泄压部(30)形成有刻痕槽(31)，刻痕槽(31)的底部形成有相连的起裂段(32)和延伸段(33)，泄压部(30)被配置为当外壳(20)的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段(32)比延伸段(33)先起裂。

Description

电池单体、电池以及用电装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202410265191.8、申请日为2024年03月07日的中国专利申请提出，并要求上述中国专利申请的优先权，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，尤其是涉及一种电池单体、电池以及用电装置。
背景技术
相关技术中，电池单体包括外壳和电极组件，电极组件设于外壳内，外壳设置有泄压部，电池单体发生膨胀时，存在泄压部起裂后无法正常翻转，导致电池单体无法及时泄压，造成电池单体的端盖爆开，降低电池单体使用安全性。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种电池单体。
本申请的另一目的在于提出一种电池。
本申请的另一目的在于提出一种用电装置。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括：
电极组件；
外壳，用于容纳电极组件，外壳包括第一壁部；
泄压部，泄压部设于第一壁部，泄压部形成有刻痕槽，刻痕槽的底部形成有相连的起裂段和延伸段，泄压部被配置为当外壳的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段比延伸段先起裂。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置起裂段和延伸段，当外壳的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段先起裂，然后延伸段起裂，降低泄压部翻转难度，可以使电池单体及时泄压，降低电池单体爆炸风险，提升电池单体使用安全性。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池，包括上述的电池单体。
在上述技术方案中，电池单体设置起裂段和延伸段，当外壳的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段先起裂，然后延伸段起裂，降低泄压部翻转难度，可以使电池单体及时泄压，降低电池单体爆炸风险，提升电池单体使用安全性，从而提升电池使用安全性。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括上述的电池。
在上述技术方案中，用电装置包括上述的电池，提升用电装置使用安全性。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的用电装置示意图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的电池示意图；
图3是根据本申请实施例电池单体的泄压部设于端盖示意图；
图4是根据本申请实施例的电池单体爆炸图；
图5是根据本申请第一实施例的泄压部示意图；
图6是根据本申请第一实施例的泄压部主视图；
图7是图6中A-A处剖视图；
图8是图7中C处放大图；
图9是图6中B-B处剖视图；
图10是图9中D处放大图；
图11是图9中E处放大图；
图12是根据本申请第二实施例的泄压部示意图；
图13是根据本申请第二实施例的泄压部主视图；
图14是根据本申请第三实施例的泄压部示意图；
图15是根据本申请第三实施例的泄压部主视图；
图16是根据本申请实施例泄压部的刻痕槽横截面为梯形示意图；
图17是根据本申请实施例泄压部的刻痕槽横截面为半圆形示意图；
图18是根据本申请实施例泄压部的刻痕槽横截面为三角形示意图；
图19是根据本申请实施例泄压部的刻痕槽横截面为长圆形示意图；
图20是根据本申请实施例泄压部的相对两侧均形成有刻痕槽示意图；
图21是根据本申请实施例电池单体的泄压部设于外壳示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请实施例中，电池单体可以为二次电池，二次电池是指在电池单体放电后可通过充电的方式使活性材料激活而继续使用的电池单体。
电池单体可以为锂离子电池、钠离子电池、钠锂离子电池、锂金属电池、钠金属电池、锂硫电池、镁离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、铅蓄电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量 的单一的物理模块。电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体通过汇流部件串联、并联或混联。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池模块，电池单体有多个时，多个电池单体排列并固定形成一个电池模块。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为电池包，电池包包括箱体和电池单体，电池单体或电池模块容纳于箱体中。
在一些实施例中，箱体可以作为车辆的底盘结构的一部分。例如，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的地板的至少一部分，或者，箱体的部分可以成为车辆的横梁和纵梁的至少一部分。
在一些实施例中，电池可以为储能装置。储能装置包括储能集装箱、储能电柜等。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性能。
在电池单体中，为保证电池单体的安全性能，可以在电池单体的外壳上设置泄压部，在电池单体热失控时，通过泄压部泄放电池单体内部的压力，以提高电池单体的安全性。泄压时，存在泄压部起裂后无法正常翻转，导致电池单体无法及时泄压，造成电池单体的端盖爆开，降低电池单体使用安全性。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括电极组件和外壳，外壳用于容纳电极组件，外壳包括第一壁部，泄压部设于第一壁部，泄压部形成有刻痕槽，刻痕槽的底部形成有相连的起裂段和延伸段，泄压部被配置为当外壳的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段比延伸段先起裂，然后延伸段起裂，降低泄压部翻转难度，有利于泄压部翻转，可以使电池单体及时泄压，降低电池单体的端盖爆开风险，提升电池单体使用安全性。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置。
用电装置可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图。车辆的内部设置有电池200，电池200可以设置在车辆的底部或头部或尾部。电池200可以用于车辆的供电，例如，电池200可以作为车辆的操作电源。
车辆还可以包括控制器400和马达500，控制器400用来控制电池200为马达500供电，例如，用于车辆的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池200不仅仅可以作为车辆的操作电源，还可以作为车辆的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池200的爆炸图。电池200包括电池单体100和箱体201，箱体201用于容纳电池单体100。
其中，箱体201是容纳电池单体100的部件，箱体201为电池单体100提供放置空间，箱体201可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体201可以包括第一箱本体202和第二箱本体203，第一箱本体202与第二箱本体203相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池单体100的放置空间。第一箱本体202和第二箱本体203可以是多种形状，比如，长方体、圆柱体等。第一箱本体202可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二箱本体203也可以是一侧开放的空心结构，第二箱本体203的开放侧盖合于第一箱本体202的开放侧，则形成具有放置空间的箱体201。也可以是第一箱本体202为一侧开放的空心结构，第二箱本体203为板状结构，第二箱本体203盖合于第一箱本体202的开放侧，则形成具有放置空间的箱体201。作为示例，电池单体100可以为圆柱形电池单体100、棱柱电池单体100、软包电池单体100或其 它形状的电池单体100，棱柱电池单体100包括方壳电池单体100、刀片形电池单体100、多棱柱电池200，多棱柱电池200例如为六棱柱电池200等，本申请没有特别的限制。
在电池200中，电池单体100可以是一个、也可以是多个。若电池单体100为多个，多个电池单体100之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体100中既有串联又有并联。可以是多个电池单体100先串联或并联或混联组成电池200模块，多个电池200模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体201内。也可以是所有电池单体100之间直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将所有电池单体100构成的整体容纳于箱体201内。
请参照图3和图4，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体100的示意图；图4为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体100的爆炸图。电池单体100可以包括外壳20和电极组件10。
外壳20用于容纳电极组件10及电解质等部件。外壳20可以为钢壳、铝壳、塑料壳(如聚丙烯)、复合金属壳(如铜铝复合外壳20)或铝塑膜等。作为示例，外壳20可以包括壳体23和端盖24。
壳体23可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体23也可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体23的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
端盖24是封闭壳体23的开口以将电池单体100的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖24与壳体23共同限定出用于容纳电极组件10、电解液以及其他部件的容纳空间。端盖24可以通过焊接或卷封的方式连接于壳体23，以封闭壳体23的开口。端盖24的形状可以与外壳20的形状相适配，比如，壳体23为长方体结构，端盖24为与壳体23相适配的矩形板状结构。端盖24的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在电池单体100中，端盖24可以是一个，也可以是两个。在壳体23为两端形成开口的空心结构的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置两个，两个端盖24分别封闭壳体23的两个开口，两个端盖24与壳体23共同限定出容纳空间。在壳体23为一端形成开口的空心结构的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置一个，端盖24封闭壳体23一端的开口，一个端盖24与壳体23共同限定出容纳空间。
电极组件10包括正极、负极以及隔离件。在电池单体100充放电过程中，活性离子(例如锂离子)在正极和负极之间往返嵌入和脱出。隔离件设置在正极和负极之间，可以起到防止正负极短路的作用，同时可以使活性离子通过。
在一些实施例中，正极可以为正极极片，正极极片可以包括正极集流体以及设置在正极集流体至少一个表面的正极活性物质区，正极活性物质区具有正极活性材料。
作为示例，正极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，正极活性物质区设置在正极集流体相对的两个表面的任意一者或两者上。
在一些实施例中，负极可以为负极极片，负极极片可以包括负极集流体以及设置在负极集流体至少一个表面上的负极活性物质区。
作为示例，负极集流体具有在其自身厚度方向相对的两个表面，负极活性物质区设置在负极集流体相对的两个表面中的任意一者或两者上。
在一些实施例中，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，负极集流体的材料可以为铜。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件10还包括隔离件，隔离件设置在正极和负极之间。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为隔离膜。本申请对隔离膜的种类没有特别的限制，可以选用任意公知的具有良好的化学稳定性和机械稳定性的多孔结构隔离膜。
在一些实施方式中，隔离件为固态电解质。固态电解质设于正极和负极之间，同时起到传输离子和隔离正负极的作用。
在一些实施方式中，电池单体100还包括电解质，电解质在正、负极之间起到传导离子的作用。本申请对电解质的种类没有具体的限制，可根据需求进行选择。电解质可以是液态的、凝胶态的或固态的。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件10为卷绕结构。正极极片、负极极片卷绕成卷绕结构。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件10为叠片结构。
作为示例，正极极片、负极极片可分别设置多个，多个正极极片和多个负极极片交替层叠设置。
作为示例，正极极片可设置多个，负极极片折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段，相邻的折叠段之间夹持一个正极极片。
作为示例，正极极片和负极极片均折叠形成多个层叠设置的折叠段。
作为示例，隔离件可设置多个，分别设置在任意相邻的正极极片或负极极片之间。
作为示例，隔离件可连续地设置，通过折叠或者卷绕方式设置在任意相邻的正极极片或负极极片之间。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件10的形状可以为扁平状或多棱柱状等。
在一些实施方式中，电极组件10设有极耳，极耳可以将电流从电极组件10导出。极耳包括正极耳和负极耳。
电池单体100还可以包括电连接端子25，电连接端子25可以设置于外壳20上，电连接端子25用于与电极组件10的极耳电连接，以输出电池单体100的电能。电连接端子25与极耳可以直接连接，比如，电连接端子25与极耳直接焊接。电连接端子25与极耳也可以间接连接，比如，电连接端子25与极耳通过集流构件间接连接。集流构件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
如图3所示，以壳体23为一端形成开口的空心结构为例，端盖24上可以设置两个电连接端子25，两个电连接端子25分别为正电连接端子25(即正极柱)和负电连接端子25(即负极柱)，正电连接端子25与正极耳电连接，负电连接端子25与负极耳电连接。
下面参考图5-图21描述根据本申请实施例的电池单体100。
根据本申请实施例的电池单体100，包括：电极组件10；外壳20，用于容纳电极组件10，外壳20包括第一壁部21；泄压部30，泄压部30设于第一壁部21，泄压部30形成有刻痕槽31，刻痕槽31的底部形成有相连的起裂段32和延伸段33，泄压部30被配置为当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32比延伸段33先起裂。
其中，电极组件10包括正极极片和负极极片，例如：电极组件10包括至少一个正极极片和至少一个负极极片，至少一个正极极片和至少一个负极极片叠片布置形成电极组件10，正极极片的至少一部分和负极极片的至少一部分可以沿第一方向层叠设置，当电池单体100以图3所示方向放置时，第一方向是指图3中的Y方向。
电极组件10也可以是卷绕式，电极组件10的正极极片和负极极片与隔离膜叠加后卷绕成型，正极极片的部分和负极极片的部分沿第一方向层叠设置。
外壳20限定出安装腔，电池单体100的电极组件10安装于安装腔内，外壳20包括第一壁部21，第一壁部21为安装腔的腔壁。
泄压部30设于第一壁部21，泄压部30可以为防爆阀，或者第一壁部21具有刻痕结构以在第一壁部21上形成泄压部30，泄压部30形成有刻痕槽31，刻痕槽31的底部形成有相连的起裂段32和延伸段33，换言之，刻痕槽31的底壁形成有相连的起裂段32和延伸段33，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32比延伸段33先起裂，即起裂段32比延伸段33先裂开。当安装腔内部压力或温度达到一定阈值时，泄压部30的刻痕槽31打开，电池单体100内部气体以及物质从泄压部30排出，达到泄压效果。该阈值设计根据设计需求不同而不同，该阈值可能取决于电池单体100中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或多种的材料。
当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32先裂开，撕裂刻痕槽31的底壁，起裂段32起裂后，沿着延伸段33裂开，即刻痕槽31的底壁沿着延伸段33裂开，由于外壳20的内部压力大，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，有利于泄压部30的部分结构向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，降低电池单体100爆炸风险，提升电池单体100使用安全性。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置起裂段32和延伸段33，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32先起裂，然后延伸段33起裂，降低泄压部30翻转难度，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，降低电池单体100爆炸风险，提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图5、图12和图14所示，刻痕槽31的底部还形成有主体段34，延伸段33连接在起裂段32和主体段34之间，延伸段33的厚度小于起裂段32的厚度，起裂段32的厚度小于主体段34的厚度。
其中，刻痕槽31的底部还形成有主体段34，换言之，刻痕槽31的底壁还形成有主体段34。延伸段33连接在起裂段32和主体段34之间，作为一个示例，起裂段32的一端与延伸段33的一端连接，主体段34的一端与延伸段33的另一端连接，起裂段32的另一端与主体段34的另一端连接。作为另一个示例，延伸段33为两个，一个延伸段33连接在起裂段32的一端和主体段34的一端之间，另一个延伸段33连接在起裂段32的另一端和主体段34的另一端之间。延伸段33的厚度尺寸小于起裂段32的厚度尺寸，起裂段32的厚度尺寸小于主体段34的厚度尺寸，通过使延伸段33的厚度尺寸小于起裂段32的厚度尺寸，能够实现起裂段32比延伸段33先起裂效果，并且，起裂段32裂开后，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，便于延伸段33裂开，从而更加有利于泄压部30的部分结构向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。通过起裂段32的厚度小于主体段34的厚度，主体段34的结构强度最大，起裂段32、延伸段33裂开后，降低主体段34裂开风险，从而降低泄压部30的结构在外壳20的内部压力作用下飞出，降低泄压部30的结构飞出损坏物体或撞伤人的风险，进而进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
需要说明的是，延伸段33、起裂段32和主体段34均可以设置为均一厚度，或者延伸段33、起裂段32和主体段34均可以设置为非均一厚度，或者延伸段33、起裂段32和主体段34的部分设置为均一厚度，延伸段33、起裂段32和主体段34的另一部分设置为非均一厚度，本申请以延伸段33设置为非均一厚度、起裂段32设置为均一厚度为例进行说明，延伸段33的厚度为延伸段33的平均厚度，起裂段32各区域厚度值相等。
在上述技术方案中，通过使延伸段33的厚度尺寸小于起裂段32的厚度尺寸，能够实现起裂段32比延伸段33先起裂效果，并且，起裂段32裂开后，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，便于延伸段33裂开，从而更加有利于泄压部30的部分结构向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。通过起裂段32的厚度小于主体段34的厚度，主体段34的结构强度最大，起裂段32、延伸段33裂开后，降低主体段34裂开风险，从而降低泄压部30的结构在外壳20的内部压力作用下飞出，降低泄压部30的结构飞出损坏物体或撞伤人的风险，进而进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值大于等于1.05且小于等于2.1。
其中，起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值影响泄压部30的功能性，当起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值过小，即起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度设计相近时，不利于延伸段33起到辅助刻痕槽31的底部裂开，容易导致泄压部30开启后仅起裂段32裂开，致使因泄压面积不足产生的电池单体100爆开的情况发生，故起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值存在极小值。当起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值过大时，延伸段33容易因厚度过小导致在正常使用工况(振动冲击及呼吸疲劳中)下产生非气压驱动的机械损伤，即开裂，导致电池单体100发生异常漏液，故起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值存在极大值。
在本申请中，通过起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值大于等于1.05且小于等于2.1，作为一些示例，起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值可以设置为1.05、2、2.1等数值，如此设置能够有利于延伸段33起到辅助刻痕槽31的底部裂开，降低泄压部30开 启后仅起裂段32裂开的情况发生，降低电池单体100爆炸情况发生，也能够降低延伸段33在正常使用工况下裂开的风险，降低电池单体100发生漏液风险。
在上述技术方案中，通过起裂段32的厚度与延伸段33的厚度比值大于等于1.05且小于等于2.1，有利于延伸段33起到辅助刻痕槽31的底部裂开，降低泄压部30开启后仅起裂段32裂开的情况发生，降低电池单体100爆炸情况发生，也能够降低延伸段33在正常使用工况下裂开的风险，降低电池单体100发生漏液风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，起裂段32的厚度尺寸大于等于0.05mm且小于等于0.31mm。
其中，起裂段32的厚度尺寸可以设置为0.05mm、0.06mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.31mm等数值，只要起裂段32的厚度尺寸为0.05mm、0.31mm以及0.05mm-0.31mm之间的任意数值即可。如果起裂段32的厚度尺寸小于0.05mm，使起裂段32的厚度过薄，容易使起裂段32在长期应用工况下因机械损伤导致开裂，如果起裂段32的厚度尺寸大于0.31mm，使起裂段32的厚度过厚，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，容易导致起裂段32无法及时裂开。因此，在本申请中，通过起裂段32的厚度尺寸大于等于0.05mm且小于等于0.31mm，能够使起裂段32的厚度尺寸适宜，降低起裂段32在长期应用工况下因机械损伤导致开裂风险，并且，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，有利于起裂段32及时裂开，可以使电池单体100及时泄压。
在上述技术方案中，通过起裂段32的厚度尺寸大于等于0.05mm且小于等于0.31mm，能够使起裂段32的厚度尺寸适宜，降低起裂段32在长期应用工况下因机械损伤导致开裂风险，并且，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，有利于起裂段32及时裂开，可以使电池单体100及时泄压。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图6、图13和图15所示，刻痕槽31为环形结构，且刻痕槽31的内边缘限定出泄压区35。
其中，刻痕槽31为环形结构，沿刻痕槽31的宽度方向，刻痕槽31具有外边缘和内边缘，刻痕槽31的内边缘可以限定出泄压区35，起裂段32裂开后，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，延伸段33裂开，从而更加有利于泄压部30的泄压区35向外翻转，使泄压部30形成开口，可以使电池单体100及时从开口处泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
在上述技术方案中，通过将刻痕槽31设置为环形结构，刻痕槽31的内边缘限定出泄压区35，起裂段32裂开后，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，延伸段33裂开，从而更加有利于泄压部30的泄压区35向外翻转，使泄压部30形成开口，可以使电池单体100及时从开口处泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图6、图13和图15所示，泄压区35为长条形，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值大于1.2且小于5.5。
其中，泄压区35为长条形结构，作为一个示例，如图6所示，泄压区35为长圆形结构。作为另一个示例，如图13和图15所示，泄压区35为矩形结构。以图6中泄压区35为长圆形结构为例进行说明，沿泄压区35的长度方向，泄压区35的最大长度为Lmm，沿泄压区35的宽度方向，泄压区35的最大宽度为Wmm，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比为泄压区35的长宽比，该参数表征防爆阀的形状偏离正方形/圆形的程度，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值大于1.2且小于5.5，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值可以为1.3、1.5、2、5、5.4等数值，只要泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值在1.2-5.5质检即可。
需要说明的是，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值增大时，泄压区35形状趋近于长条形，泄压区35在压力驱动下的应变分布不均匀情况加重，在长周期的使用工况下容易引起泄压部30发生异常开裂情况，所以考虑泄压部30长期可靠性设计要求，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值存在设计极大值。当泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值减小时，泄压区35形状趋近于正方形或圆形，刻痕槽31处 不同位置的刻痕应变分布趋近一致使强度上升，不利于刻痕槽31底部的刻痕正常开裂泄压，影响泄压部30的正常功能性，泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值存在设计极小值。
在本申请中，通过使泄压区35的最大长度与泄压区35的最大宽度比值大于1.2且小于5.5，有利于泄压区35在压力驱动下的应变分布均匀，在长周期的使用工况下，降低泄压部30发生异常开裂风险，并且，也有利于刻痕槽31处不同位置的刻痕应变分布不同，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，有利于使起裂段32比延伸段33先起裂,从而有利于刻痕槽31底部的刻痕正常开裂泄压，提升泄压部30工作可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图5和图6所示，刻痕槽31包括两个第一直线槽段36和两个第一弧形槽段37，每个第一直线槽段36的两端分别与两个第一弧形槽段37连接以使刻痕槽31构造为环形，第一直线槽段36的长度大于第一弧形槽段37的长度，至少一个第一直线槽段36的底部形成有起裂段32，至少一个第一弧形槽段37的底部形成有延伸段33。
其中，如图6所示，刻痕槽31包括两个第一直线槽段36和两个第一弧形槽段37，第一直线槽段36可以为直线形或类似直线形。第一弧形槽段37可以为圆弧形，两个第一直线槽段36相对且间隔开设置，两个第一直线槽段36可以相互平行，两个第一弧形槽段37相对且间隔开设置。每个第一直线槽段36的两端分别与两个第一弧形槽段37连接，两个第一直线槽段36和两个第一弧形槽段37构成封闭的环状结构，可以使刻痕槽31构造为环形，可以使刻痕槽31构造为长圆形。第一直线槽段36的长度尺寸大于第一弧形槽段37的长度尺寸，从而使泄压区35为长条形。至少一个第一直线槽段36的底部形成有起裂段32，也就是说，一个第一直线槽段36的底部形成有起裂段32，或者两个第一直线槽段36的底部均形成有起裂段32。至少一个第一弧形槽段37的底部形成有延伸段33，也就是说，一个第一弧形槽段37的底部形成有延伸段33，或者两个第一弧形槽段37的底部均形成有延伸段33。本申请以一个第一直线槽段36的底部形成有起裂段32、两个第一弧形槽段37的底部均形成有延伸段33为例进行说明。一个第一直线槽段36的底部形成有起裂段32时，另一个第一直线槽段36的底部形成有主体段34。作为一个示例，一个第一直线槽段36的整个底部区域均形成有起裂段32，另一个第一直线槽段36的整个底部均形成有主体段34，每个第一弧形槽段37的整个底部均形成有延伸段33。
当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32先裂开，撕裂第一直线槽段36的底壁，起裂段32起裂后，沿着第一弧形槽段37处的延伸段33裂开，由于外壳20的内部压力大，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，更加有利于泄压区35向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，降低电池单体100爆炸风险，提升电池单体100使用安全性。
在上述技术方案中，通过刻痕槽31包括两个第一直线槽段36和两个第一弧形槽段37，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32先裂开，撕裂第一直线槽段36的底壁，起裂段32起裂后，沿着第一弧形槽段37处的延伸段33裂开，由于外壳20的内部压力大，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，更加有利于泄压区35向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，降低电池单体100爆炸风险，提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图12所示，刻痕槽31包括两个第二直线槽段38和两个第三直线槽段39，每个第二直线槽段38的两端分别与两个第三直线槽段39连接以使刻痕槽31构造为环形，第二直线槽段38的长度大于第三直线槽段39的长度，至少一个第二直线槽段38的底部形成有起裂段32，至少一个第三直线槽段39的底部形成有延伸段33。
其中，刻痕槽31包括两个第二直线槽段38和两个第三直线槽段39，第二直线槽段38可以为直线形或类似直线形，第三直线槽段39可以为直线形或类似直线形。两个第二直线槽段38相对且间隔开设置，两个第二直线槽段38可以相互平行，两个第三直线槽段39相对且间隔开设置，两个第三直线槽段39可以相互平行。每个第二直线槽段38的两端分别与两个第三直线槽段39连接，两个第二直线槽段38和两个第三直线槽段39构成封闭的环 状结构，可以使刻痕槽31构造为环形，可以使刻痕槽31构造为矩形。第二直线槽段38的长度大于第三直线槽段39的长度，从而使泄压区35为长条形。至少一个第二直线槽段38的底部形成有起裂段32，也就是说，一个第二直线槽段38的底部形成有起裂段32，或者两个第二直线槽段38的底部均形成有起裂段32。至少一个第三直线槽段39的底部形成有延伸段33，也就是说，一个第三直线槽段39的底部形成有起裂段32，或者两个第三直线槽段39的底部均形成有起裂段32。本申请以一个第二直线槽段38的底部形成有起裂段32、两个第三直线槽段39的底部均形成有延伸段33为例进行说明。一个第二直线槽段38的底部形成有起裂段32时，另一个第二直线槽段38的底部形成有主体段34。作为一个示例，一个第二直线槽段38的整个底部区域均形成有起裂段32，另一个第二直线槽段38的整个底部均形成有主体段34，每个第三直线槽段39的整个底部均形成有延伸段33。
当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32先裂开，撕裂第二直线槽段38的底壁，起裂段32起裂后，沿着第三直线槽段39处的延伸段33裂开，由于外壳20的内部压力大，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，更加有利于泄压区35向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，降低电池单体100爆炸风险，提升电池单体100使用安全性。
在上述技术方案中，通过刻痕槽31包括两个第二直线槽段38和两个第三直线槽段39，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32先裂开，撕裂第二直线槽段38的底壁，起裂段32起裂后，沿着第三直线槽段39处的延伸段33裂开，由于外壳20的内部压力大，在外壳20的内部压力作用下，更加有利于泄压区35向外翻转，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，降低电池单体100爆炸风险，提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14和图15所示，刻痕槽31还包括第二弧形槽段391，第二直线槽段38通过第二弧形槽段391与第三直线槽段39连接。
其中，第二弧形槽段391的底部可以形成有延伸段33，第二弧形槽段391可以为圆形，第二直线槽段38与相连的第三直线槽段39之间连接有第二弧形槽段391，作为一个示例，每个第二直线槽段38与相连的第三直线槽段39之间连接有第二弧形槽段391，以使第二直线槽段38通过第二弧形槽段391与第三直线槽段39连接。通过第二弧形槽段391连接在第二直线槽段38和第三直线槽段39之间，能够使第二直线槽段38与相连第三直线槽段39的连接处平缓过渡，降低因应力集中使泄压部30提前开裂风险，并且，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32裂开后，便于起裂段32向延伸段33拓展裂开，进一步降低泄压区35翻转难度，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
在上述技术方案中，通过第二弧形槽段391连接在第二直线槽段38和第三直线槽段39之间，能够使第二直线槽段38与相连第三直线槽段39的连接处平缓过渡，降低因应力集中使泄压部30提前开裂风险，并且，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32裂开后，便于起裂段32向延伸段33拓展裂开，进一步降低泄压区35翻转难度，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图14和图15所示，第二弧形槽段391构造为圆弧形，第二弧形槽段391倒角半径大于等于1mm。
其中，第二弧形槽段391的形状构造为圆弧形，第二弧形槽段391倒角半径大于等于1mm，第二弧形槽段391倒角半径可以为1mm、1.5mm、2mm等数值，第二弧形槽段391倒角半径的上限值可以根据实际情况合理设置。通过设置第二弧形槽段391倒角半径大于等于1mm，能够使第二直线槽段38与相连第三直线槽段39的连接处更加平缓连接，进一步降低因应力集中使泄压部30提前开裂风险，并且，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32裂开后，更加便于起裂段32向延伸段33拓展裂开，进一步降低泄压区35翻转难度，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置第二弧形槽段391倒角半径大于等于1mm，能够使第二直线槽段38与相连第三直线槽段39的连接处更加平缓连接，进一步降低因应力集中使泄压部30提前开裂风险，并且，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32裂开后，更加便于起裂段32向延伸段33拓展裂开，进一步降低泄压区35翻转难度，可以使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险，进一步提升电池单体100使用安全性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，起裂段32为沿第一方向延伸的直线段；或起裂段32为沿第二方向延伸的直线段，第二方向与第一方向垂直。
其中，电极组件10包括正极极片和负极极片，例如：电极组件10包括至少一个正极极片和至少一个负极极片，至少一个正极极片和至少一个负极极片叠片布置形成电极组件10，正极极片的至少一部分和负极极片的至少一部分可以沿第一方向层叠设置，当电池单体100以图3所示方向放置时，第一方向是指图3中的Y方向。电极组件10也可以是卷绕式，电极组件10的正极极片和负极极片与隔离膜叠加后卷绕成型，正极极片的部分和负极极片的部分沿第一方向层叠设置。由于正极极片的部分和负极极片的部分沿第一方向层叠设置，当电极组件10膨胀时，电极组件10的膨胀大部分体现在第一方向上。进一步地，外壳20还可以包括与第一壁部21相连的两个第二壁部22，两个第二壁部22沿第一方向分别位于电极组件10两侧。
作为一个示例，起裂段32为沿第一方向延伸的直线段，即起裂段32沿第一方向延伸，有利于起裂段32优先延伸段33起裂。
作为另一个示例，如图3所示，起裂段32为沿第二方向延伸的直线段，第二方向与第一方向垂直。当电池单体100以图3中方向放置时，第二方向是指图3中的X方向。当电极组件10膨胀时，电极组件10的膨胀大部分体现在第一方向上,因此，通过设置起裂段32为沿第二方向延伸的直线段，能够使起裂段32受力大于延伸段33受力，更加有利于起裂段32优先延伸段33起裂，使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险。
在上述技术方案中，通过设置起裂段32为沿第一方向延伸的直线段，有利于起裂段32优先延伸段33起裂。通过设置起裂段32为沿第二方向延伸的直线段，能够使起裂段32受力大于延伸段33受力，更加有利于起裂段32优先延伸段33起裂，使电池单体100及时泄压，进一步降低电池单体100爆炸风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，泄压部30与第一壁部21一体成型；或，泄压部30与第一壁部21分体设置，第一壁部21设有通孔，泄压部30安装于通孔。
其中，在泄压部30与第一壁部21一体成型时，可以在第一壁部21上设置刻痕槽31，第一壁部21在设置刻痕槽31的区域形成薄弱区，泄压部30的成型方式简单，生产成本低。在上述技术方案中，通过使泄压部30和第一壁部21一体成型，泄压部30的成型方式简单，能够减少组成电池单体100的零部件数量，可以简化电池单体100的结构，也可以降低电池单体100的制造成本。
或者，如图21所示，泄压部30与第一壁部21分体设置，泄压部30和外壳20为单独的两个部件，两者单独成型后安装在一起，具体而言，泄压部30可以是防爆片、防爆阀、安全阀等部件，泄压部30可以通过粘接、焊接等方式安装于第一壁部21，第一壁部21设置有通孔，泄压部30安装于通孔，当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，泄压部30打开至少部分通孔，电池单体100内部的排放介质通过通孔排出，以泄放电池单体100内部的压力。上述技术方案中，通过泄压部30和第一壁部21构造为分体件，便于在外壳20上设置泄压部30，生成难度低且效率高，可以提升电池单体100的生产效率。
作为一个示例，以泄压部30为防爆片为例，防爆片为至少部分区域的强度小于第一壁部21的强度的片体，防爆片覆盖通孔，防爆片焊接于第一壁部21。当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，防爆片至少部分被破坏，进而打开至少部分通孔，以泄放电池单体100内部的压力。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图21所示，外壳20包括：壳体23和端盖24，壳体23的至少一侧具有开口，端盖24与壳体23相连，并用于封闭开口，第一壁部21形成于壳体23。
其中，壳体23可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体23也可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体23可以是多种形状，比如，棱柱状等。端盖24是封闭壳体23的开口以将电池单体100的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖24与壳体23共同限定出用于容纳电极组件10、电解质以及其他部件的安装腔。端盖24的形状可以与壳体23的形状相适配，比如，壳体23为长方体结构，端盖24为与壳体23相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，壳体23为圆柱体结构，端盖24为与壳体23相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖24的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金、塑料等，端盖24与壳体23的材质可以相同，也可以不同。
在壳体23为一端形成开口的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置一个。在壳体23为相对的两端形成开口的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置两个，两个端盖24分别封闭壳体23的两个开口，两个端盖24与壳体23共同限定出安装腔。
壳体23具有第一壁部21和第二壁部22，第一壁部21形成于壳体23，泄压部30可以与壳体23一体成型，也可以与壳体23分体设置，通过将泄压部30设置在壳体23上，可以简化端盖24的结构，同时便于缩短泄压部30与电极组件10的主体部之间的距离，进而可以缩短泄压时排放介质流动到泄压部30的路径，缩短排放介质到达泄压部30的时间，提高了电池单体100的泄压及时性，从而有效提高了电池单体100的可靠性。
在上述技术方案中，通过第一壁部21形成于壳体23，可以简化端盖24的结构，同时便于缩短泄压部30与电极组件10的主体部之间的距离，进而可以缩短泄压时排放介质流动到泄压部30的路径，缩短排放介质到达泄压部30的时间，提高了电池单体100的泄压及时性，从而有效提高了电池单体100的可靠性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，壳体23的相对两侧均具有开口，两个端盖24用于封闭对应侧的开口。
其中，在壳体23为相对的两端形成开口的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置两个，两个端盖24分别封闭壳体23的两个开口，两个端盖24与壳体23共同限定出安装腔。进一步地，端盖24设有电连接端子25，电连接端子25与正极极片电连接，或电连接端子25与负极极片电连接。电连接端子25可以是端盖24的一部分，电连接端子25也可以是安装在端盖24上的极柱；通常设有两个电连接端子25，一个电连接端子25为正极柱且与正极极片的极耳电连接，另一个电连接端子25为负极柱且与负极极片的极耳电连接，以输入或输出电池单体100的电能，电连接端子25与极耳可以直接连接，比如，电连接端子25与极耳直接焊接，电连接端子25与极耳也可以间接连接，比如，电连接端子25与极耳通过集流构件间接连接，集流构件可以是金属导体，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金等。
在上述技术方案中，通过壳体23的相对两侧均具有开口，两个端盖24用于封闭对应侧的开口，可以共同限定出安装腔，并且，可以便于壳体23的制造成型，同时便于电极组件10从两端引出极耳，进而便于将两个电连接端子25分隔布置，降低电池单体100短路的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图21所示，第一壁部21用于支撑电极组件10且位于电极组件10的下方。
其中，壳体23具有与端盖24相对且间隔开的壳底壁，壳底壁构造为第一壁部21，第一壁部21可以支撑电极组件10。
在上述技术方案中，通过第一壁部21支撑电极组件10，可以使电极组件10稳固安装在外壳20的安装腔内。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图3和图4所示，外壳20包括：壳体23和端盖24，壳体23的至少一侧具有开口，端盖24与壳体23相连，并用于封闭开口，第一壁部21形成 于端盖24。
其中，壳体23可以是一端形成开口的空心结构，壳体23也可以是相对的两端形成开口的空心结构。壳体23可以是多种形状，比如，棱柱状等。端盖24是封闭壳体23的开口以将电池单体100的内部环境与外部环境隔绝的部件。端盖24与壳体23共同限定出用于容纳电极组件10、电解质以及其他部件的安装腔。端盖24的形状可以与壳体23的形状相适配，比如，壳体23为长方体结构，端盖24为与壳体23相适配的矩形板状结构，再如，壳体23为圆柱体结构，端盖24为与壳体23相适配的圆形板状结构。端盖24的材质也可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、钢、铝合金、塑料等，端盖24与壳体23的材质可以相同，也可以不同。
在壳体23为一端形成开口的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置一个。在壳体23为相对的两端形成开口的实施例中，端盖24可以对应设置两个，两个端盖24分别封闭壳体23的两个开口，两个端盖24与壳体23共同限定出安装腔。
在上述技术方案中，通过将泄压部30设置在端盖24上，可以简化壳体23的结构，提升壳体23生产效率。
如图5所示，第一实施例的泄压部30为长圆形。如图12所示，第二实施例的泄压部30为矩形。如图14所示，第三实施例的泄压部30示意图，与第二实施例的泄压部30相比，第三实施例的泄压部30设置有第二弧形槽段391。
如图11所示，刻痕槽31的横截面为方形。如图16所示，刻痕槽31的横截面为梯形。如图17所示，刻痕槽31的横截面为半圆形。如图18所示，刻痕槽31的横截面为三角形。如图19所示，刻痕槽31的横截面为长圆形。如图20所示，泄压部30的两侧均形成有刻痕槽31，泄压部30的两侧的刻痕槽31相对设置，两侧的两个刻痕槽31间形成刻痕槽31的底部，两侧的两个刻痕槽31共用一个刻痕槽31的底部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种电池200，包括上述实施例中的电池单体100。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种用电装置300，包括上述实施例中的电池200。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参见图21所示，本申请提供了一种电池单体100，电池单体100包括外壳20和电极组件10。外壳20包括壳体23和端盖24，壳体23和端盖24连接，且壳体23和端盖24共同限定出安装腔。电极组件10安装于安装腔内。壳体23的壳底壁构造为第一壁部21，泄压部30设于壳体23的壳底壁，泄压部30形成有刻痕槽31，刻痕槽31的底部形成有相连的起裂段32和延伸段33，泄压部30被配置为当外壳20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，起裂段32比延伸段33先起裂。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体，其中，包括：
    电极组件；
    外壳，用于容纳所述电极组件，所述外壳包括第一壁部；
    泄压部，所述泄压部设于所述第一壁部，所述泄压部形成有刻痕槽，所述刻痕槽的底部形成有相连的起裂段和延伸段，所述泄压部被配置为当所述外壳的内部压力或温度达到阈值时，所述起裂段比所述延伸段先起裂。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕槽的底部还形成有主体段，所述延伸段连接在所述起裂段和所述主体段之间，所述延伸段的厚度小于所述起裂段的厚度，所述起裂段的厚度小于所述主体段的厚度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其中，所述起裂段的厚度与所述延伸段的厚度比值大于等于1.05且小于等于2.1。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述起裂段的厚度尺寸大于等于0.05mm且小于等于0.31mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕槽为环形结构，且所述刻痕槽的内边缘限定出泄压区。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压区为长条形，所述泄压区的最大长度与所述泄压区的最大宽度比值大于1.2且小于5.5。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕槽包括两个第一直线槽段和两个第一弧形槽段，每个所述第一直线槽段的两端分别与两个所述第一弧形槽段连接以使所述刻痕槽构造为环形，所述第一直线槽段的长度大于所述第一弧形槽段的长度，至少一个所述第一直线槽段的底部形成有所述起裂段，至少一个所述第一弧形槽段的底部形成有所述延伸段。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕槽包括两个第二直线槽段和两个第三直线槽段，每个所述第二直线槽段的两端分别与两个所述第三直线槽段连接以使所述刻痕槽构造为环形，所述第二直线槽段的长度大于所述第三直线槽段的长度，至少一个所述第二直线槽段的底部形成有所述起裂段，至少一个所述第三直线槽段的底部形成有所述延伸段。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池单体，其中，所述刻痕槽还包括第二弧形槽段，所述第二直线槽段通过所述第二弧形槽段与所述第三直线槽段连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其中，所述第二弧形槽段构造为圆弧形，所述第二弧形槽段倒角半径大于等于1mm。
  11. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述起裂段为沿第一方向延伸的直线段；或
    所述起裂段为沿第二方向延伸的直线段，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直。
  12. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述泄压部与所述第一壁部一体成型；或，
    所述泄压部与所述第一壁部分体设置，所述第一壁部设有通孔，所述泄压部安装于所述通孔。
  13. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括：壳体和端盖，所述壳体的至少一侧具有开口，所述端盖与所述壳体相连，并用于封闭所述开口，所述第一壁部形成于所述壳体。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池单体，其中，所述壳体的相对两侧均具有开口，两个所述端盖用于封闭对应侧的所述开口。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的电池单体，其中，所述第一壁部用于支撑所述电极组 件且位于所述电极组件的下方。
  16. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳包括：壳体和端盖，所述壳体的至少一侧具有开口，所述端盖与所述壳体相连，并用于封闭所述开口，所述第一壁部形成于所述端盖。
  17. 一种电池，其中，包括根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的电池单体。
  18. 一种用电装置，其中，包括根据权利要求17所述的电池。
PCT/CN2024/112502 2024-03-07 2024-08-15 电池单体、电池以及用电装置 Pending WO2025185089A1 (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN212323152U (zh) * 2020-05-25 2021-01-08 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 一种防爆阀及单体电池
CN216120624U (zh) * 2021-10-12 2022-03-22 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 一种二次电池的防爆片、顶盖组件及二次电池
CN217214995U (zh) * 2021-11-16 2022-08-16 苏州领湃新能源科技有限公司 一种防爆阀、动力电池盖板装置和动力电池

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN212323152U (zh) * 2020-05-25 2021-01-08 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 一种防爆阀及单体电池
CN216120624U (zh) * 2021-10-12 2022-03-22 厦门海辰新能源科技有限公司 一种二次电池的防爆片、顶盖组件及二次电池
CN217214995U (zh) * 2021-11-16 2022-08-16 苏州领湃新能源科技有限公司 一种防爆阀、动力电池盖板装置和动力电池

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