WO2025159591A1 - 배터리 정보 생성 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 정보 생성 장치 및 방법Info
- Publication number
- WO2025159591A1 WO2025159591A1 PCT/KR2025/001527 KR2025001527W WO2025159591A1 WO 2025159591 A1 WO2025159591 A1 WO 2025159591A1 KR 2025001527 W KR2025001527 W KR 2025001527W WO 2025159591 A1 WO2025159591 A1 WO 2025159591A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- profile
- battery
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- positive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery information generating device and method, and more particularly, to a battery information generating device and method that generate battery information that more accurately reflects the state of a battery.
- lithium batteries are receiving attention for their advantages of being able to charge and discharge freely, having a very low self-discharge rate, and having a high energy density, as they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries.
- the present invention provides a battery information generation device and method capable of generating a more accurate profile that can be used for battery condition diagnosis.
- a battery information generating device may include a profile obtaining unit configured to obtain a battery profile indicating a correspondence between a capacity and a voltage of a battery; and a control unit configured to set a positive section and a negative section corresponding to the battery based on preset degradation-level section information, and adjust a preset reference positive profile and a reference negative profile within the positive section and the negative section to correspond to the battery profile, thereby generating a positive profile and a negative profile of the battery.
- the above-mentioned anode section can be set as a section including the voltage or capacity of the start point and the end point of the above-mentioned anode profile.
- the above negative section can be set as a section including the voltage or capacity of the start point and the end point of the negative profile.
- the above-mentioned section information by degeneration degree may be preset to include section information according to the degeneration degree of the battery.
- the above control unit may be configured to set the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the deterioration degree of the battery based on the section information for each deterioration degree.
- the above-mentioned section information by degeneration degree can be preset to include section information according to the degeneration degree compared to the previous cycle for each of a plurality of cycles.
- the control unit may be configured to set the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the cycle and deterioration degree of the battery based on the section information for each deterioration degree.
- the above-mentioned section information by degeneration degree can be preset to include section information according to the type and degree of degeneration compared to the previous cycle for each of a plurality of cycles.
- the control unit may be configured to set the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the cycle, degradation type, and degradation degree of the battery based on the degradation degree-specific section information.
- the control unit may be configured to estimate the degree of degradation of the battery based on the capacity of the battery and a preset initial capacity.
- the control unit may be configured to provide information about the battery by outputting the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile to the outside.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery information generating device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- a vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery information generating device according to one aspect of the present invention.
- a battery information generation method may include a profile acquisition step of acquiring a battery profile indicating a correspondence between a capacity and a voltage of a battery; a section setting step of setting a positive section and a negative section corresponding to the battery based on preset degradation-level section information; and a profile generation step of generating a positive profile and a negative profile of the battery by adjusting preset reference positive profiles and reference negative profiles within the positive section and the negative section to correspond to the battery profile.
- the above-mentioned section information by degeneration degree is preset to include section information according to the degeneration degree of the battery, and the section setting step may include a step of setting the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the degeneration degree of the battery based on the section information by degeneration degree.
- the above-mentioned section information by degeneration degree is preset to include section information according to the degeneration degree compared to the previous cycle for each of a plurality of cycles, and the section setting step may include a step of setting the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the cycle and degeneration degree of the battery based on the section information by degeneration degree.
- the above-described section information by degradation degree is preset to include section information according to the type and degree of degradation compared to the previous cycle for each of a plurality of cycles, and the section setting step may include a step of setting the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the cycle, type and degree of degradation of the battery based on the section information by degradation degree.
- a battery information generation method may further include a degradation degree estimation step of estimating the degradation degree of the battery based on the capacity of the battery and a preset initial capacity.
- a battery information generation method may further include a battery information providing step of providing information about the battery by externally outputting the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile.
- a non-transitory readable storage medium may store a program for executing a battery information generation method, the method including: a profile acquisition step of acquiring a battery profile indicating a correspondence between a capacity and a voltage of a battery; a section setting step of setting a positive section and a negative section corresponding to the battery based on preset degradation-level section information; and a profile generation step of generating a positive profile and a negative profile of the battery by adjusting preset reference positive profile and reference negative profile to correspond to the battery profile within the positive section and the negative section.
- a battery information generation device can accurately estimate a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile corresponding to a state of a battery by taking into account the degree of degradation of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery information generation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a first table showing section information by degeneration level according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second table showing section information by degeneration level according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a third table showing section information by degeneration level according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a graph referenced to explain an example of each of a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile.
- Figure 7 is a graph referenced to explain an example of a measured full cell profile of a target cell.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are drawings for reference in explaining an example of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile used for comparison with a measured full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 are drawings for reference in explaining another example of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile used for comparison with a measured full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery information generation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery information generation device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a battery information generation device (100) may include a profile acquisition unit (110), a control unit (120), and a storage unit (130).
- the battery which is the target of information generation, refers to a physically separable, independent cell having a negative terminal and a positive terminal.
- a lithium-ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery.
- the battery may be of a cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch type.
- the battery may refer to a battery bank, battery module, or battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and/or parallel.
- the battery is described below as referring to a single, independent cell.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be configured to acquire a battery profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of the battery.
- a battery profile is a profile that represents the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is charged from a preset start SOC or 0% to a preset end SOC or 100%.
- a battery profile may represent the relationship between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is discharged from a preset start SOC or 100% to a preset end SOC or 0%.
- a battery profile can be generated during the process of charging or discharging a battery at 0.05C.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly read or receive the battery profile (BP) of the battery from the outside.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire the battery profile by reading or receiving the battery profile while being connected to the outside via wire and/or wirelessly.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may generate a battery profile based on battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may acquire a battery profile by directly generating the battery profile based on the battery information.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (120) so as to be able to communicate with it.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may be connected to the control unit (120) via wired and/or wireless communication.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may transmit the acquired battery profile to the control unit (120).
- the control unit (120) may read the battery profile from the profile acquisition unit (110).
- the control unit (120) can be configured to set the positive section and negative section corresponding to the battery based on the section information for each preset degradation level.
- control unit (120) may be configured to set a positive section and a negative section corresponding to the degradation degree of the battery based on the section information by degradation degree. For example, assuming that the degradation degree of the battery is x (%), the control unit (120) may determine a positive section and a negative section corresponding to the degradation degree (x (%)) of the battery from the section information by degradation degree.
- the section information by degradation level can be preset to include information on the positive section and the negative section according to the degradation level of the battery.
- the positive section can be set as a section that includes the voltage or capacity of the start and end points of the positive profile.
- the negative section can be set as a section that includes the voltage or capacity of the start and end points of the negative profile.
- the positive section is described as limiting the voltage section of the positive profile, and the negative section is described as limiting the voltage section of the negative profile.
- the degeneration-level interval information may be preset to include interval information according to the degeneration level of the battery.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first table (T1) representing section information by deterioration level according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the first table (T1) of FIG. 2 is a table representing the correspondence between the deterioration level of a battery and the positive and negative sections.
- the first table (T1) may include information on the positive and negative sections set for each deterioration level of the battery.
- the positive section may be set to Vik[V] to Vjk[V]
- the negative section may be preset to Vnk[V] to Vmk[V].
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire both the battery profile and the battery degradation information.
- the battery profile and the battery degradation information may be mapped to each other.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire both the battery profile and the degradation information by acquiring a "battery profile of a battery with a degradation level of x (%).”
- the control unit (120) can read or receive the battery degradation information from the profile acquisition unit (110).
- control unit (120) may estimate the degree of degradation of the battery from the battery profile.
- control unit (120) may be configured to estimate the degree of degradation of the battery based on the capacity of the battery and a preset initial capacity.
- the battery profile may include the battery capacity measured from the start of charging (or the start of discharging) to the end of charging (or the end of discharging). Accordingly, the control unit (120) may determine the target capacity of the battery from the battery profile.
- control unit (120) can estimate the degree of degradation of the battery by calculating the ratio between the target capacity of the battery and the initial capacity preset for the battery.
- the initial capacity refers to the initial value of the capacity of the battery, and can be set based on the initial capacity of a battery in the beginning of life (BOL) state, a reference battery designed to correspond to the battery, or a battery theoretically designed to be ideal.
- control unit (120) can estimate the degradation rate (%) of the battery compared to the initial state by calculating the formula “1-(target capacity ⁇ initial capacity)” or “ ⁇ 1-(target capacity ⁇ initial capacity) ⁇ 100.”
- the control unit (120) may be configured to generate a positive profile and a negative profile of the battery by adjusting a preset reference positive profile and a reference negative profile to correspond to the battery profile within the positive section and the negative section.
- the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell preset to correspond to the positive electrode of a battery.
- the reference positive electrode cell may be a positive coin half cell or a positive electrode of a three-electrode cell.
- the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell preset to correspond to the negative electrode of a battery.
- the reference negative electrode cell may be a negative coin half cell or a negative electrode of a three-electrode cell.
- the control unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile. For example, the control unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to generate an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile. In addition, the control unit (120) can generate a comparison profile from the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile. The control unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the comparison profile corresponds to the battery profile.
- control unit (120) can generate a plurality of comparison profiles by shifting or capacity scaling a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile, and can specify a comparison profile among the plurality of comparison profiles that has a minimum error with the battery profile. Then, the control unit (120) can determine an adjusted positive electrode profile corresponding to the specified comparison profile as the positive electrode profile of the battery. Then, the control unit (120) can determine an adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the specified comparison profile as the negative electrode profile of the battery. For example, the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the specified comparison profile can be estimated as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.
- the voltage range of the adjusted positive profile may be included within the set positive section
- the voltage range of the adjusted negative profile may be included within the set negative section.
- the control unit (120) may adjust the reference positive profile and the reference negative profile so that the voltage at the positive participation start point and the voltage at the positive participation end point of the adjusted positive profile are included within the positive section, and the voltage at the negative participation start point and the voltage at the negative participation end point of the adjusted negative profile are included within the negative section.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the control unit (120) can generate an adjusted positive profile (Rp') and an adjusted negative profile (Rn') by adjusting the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn).
- the adjusted positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted negative profile (Rn') are generated according to the organic relationship between the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn).
- the control unit (120) can determine the adjusted positive profile (Rp') as the positive profile of the battery, and can determine the adjusted negative profile (Rn') as the negative profile of the battery.
- the voltage of the positive participation start point (pi') and the voltage of the positive participation end point (pf') of the adjusted positive profile (Rp') are included in the positive section (Vin to Vjn). Additionally, the voltage at the cathode engagement start point (ni') and the voltage at the cathode engagement end point (nf') of the adjusted cathode profile (Rn') are included in the cathode section (Vnn to Vmn).
- control unit (120) determines an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile of the battery by adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to correspond to the battery profile will be described later with reference to FIGS. 6 to 13.
- the battery information generation device (100) can set the positive and negative sections corresponding to the degree of battery degradation as adjustment conditions for the reference positive and negative profiles. For example, since the adjustment conditions according to the degree of battery degradation are further set, the positive and negative profiles derived as adjustment results can more accurately reflect the state of the battery. The battery information generation device (100) can accurately estimate the positive and negative profiles corresponding to the state of the battery by taking into account the degree of battery degradation.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) and the control unit (120) provided in the battery information generation device (100) may optionally include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, a register, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention.
- the control logic when the control logic is implemented in software, the profile acquisition unit (110) and the control unit (120) may be implemented as a set of program modules.
- the program modules may be stored in a memory and executed by the profile acquisition unit (110) and the control unit (120).
- the memory may be located inside or outside the profile acquisition unit (110) and the control unit (120), and may be connected to the profile acquisition unit (110) and the control unit (120) by various well-known means.
- the battery information generation device (100) may further include a storage unit (130).
- the storage unit (130) may store data or programs required for each component of the battery information generation device (100) to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions.
- the storage unit (130) is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information storage means known to be capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data.
- the information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc.
- the storage unit (130) may store program codes defining processes executable by the profile acquisition unit (110) and the control unit (120).
- the degradation-level interval information may be preset to include interval information based on the degradation level compared to the previous cycle for each of a plurality of cycles.
- the control unit (120) may be configured to set positive and negative intervals corresponding to the cycle and degradation level of the battery based on the degradation-level interval information.
- the degradation-by-cycle interval information can be set to further consider the battery's degradation by cycle.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second table (T2) representing section information by degradation degree according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the second table (T2) of FIG. 4 is a table representing the difference in degradation degree from the previous cycle of the battery and the corresponding relationship between the positive and negative sections.
- the second table (T2) may include information on the positive and negative sections set for each difference in degradation degree from the previous cycle.
- the positive section of the n+1-th cycle can be set to Vin_k to Vjn_k, and the negative section can be set to Vnn_k to Vmn_k.
- the positive section (Vin_k to Vjn_k) of the n+1-th cycle can be set by reflecting the difference in degeneration (k) in the positive section (Vin to Vjn) of the n-th cycle.
- the negative section (Vin_k to Vjn_k) of the n+1-th cycle can be set by reflecting the difference in degeneration (k) in the negative section (Vin to Vjn) of the n-th cycle.
- the battery information generation device (100) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile under conditions of the positive electrode section and the negative electrode section that take into account the differences in the battery's cycle-by-cycle degradation. Accordingly, the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery derived as a result of the adjustment can more accurately reflect the battery's condition.
- the degradation-level interval information may be preset to include interval information based on the degradation type and degradation level compared to the previous cycle for each of a plurality of cycles.
- the control unit (120) may be configured to set positive and negative intervals corresponding to the battery cycle, degradation type, and degradation level based on the degradation-level interval information.
- the degradation-by-cycle interval information can be set to further consider the battery's degradation by cycle and type of degradation.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third table (T3) indicating section information by degradation level according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the third table (T3) of FIG. 5 is a table indicating the type of battery degradation, the difference in degradation level from the previous cycle, and the corresponding relationship between the positive and negative sections.
- the third table (T3) may include information on the positive and negative sections set based on the difference in degradation level from the previous cycle for each type of battery degradation.
- the degradation types included in the third table (T3) refer to the degradation types of the battery that occurred between the nth cycle and the n+1th cycle.
- the degradation types may include positive electrode degradation, negative electrode degradation, and available lithium degradation.
- anode degradation refers to a state of battery degradation in which the anode capacity of the battery is lost.
- anode degradation a state in which the anode is physically and/or chemically damaged, resulting in the loss of anode capacity capable of participating in charge and discharge.
- negative electrode degradation refers to a state of battery degradation in which the negative electrode capacity is lost.
- a state in which the negative electrode is physically and/or chemically damaged, resulting in the loss of negative electrode capacity capable of participating in charge and discharge can be referred to as negative electrode degradation.
- available lithium degradation refers to a deterioration state of a battery in which available lithium capable of participating in charge and discharge has been lost. This loss of available lithium can lead to lithium plating, a phenomenon in which lithium is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode. Lithium deposition on the surface of the negative electrode can cause side reactions with the electrolyte and alter the kinetic balance of the battery, leading to battery degradation. Furthermore, the deposition of lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode can cause internal short circuits in the battery, posing a risk of fire or explosion due to internal short circuits.
- the positive section of the n+1-th cycle may be set to Vin_Pk to Vjn_Pk, and the negative section may be set to Vnn_Pk to Vmn_Pk.
- the positive section (Vin_Pk to Vjn_Pk) of the n+1-th cycle can be set by reflecting the type of degeneration (P) and the difference in the degree of degeneration (k) in the positive section (Vin to Vjn) of the n-th cycle.
- the negative section (Vin_Pk to Vjn_Pk) of the n+1-th cycle can be set by reflecting the type of degeneration (P) and the difference in the degree of degeneration (k) in the negative section (Vin to Vjn) of the n-th cycle.
- positive and negative sections can be set based on the types of multiple degenerations and the difference in the degree of degeneration.
- the starting voltage of the positive section can be Vin_Pk or Vin_Lik
- the ending voltage of the positive section can be Vjn_Pk or Vjn_Lik. Since the positive section should be conservatively set to correspond to the deterioration state of the battery, the starting voltage of the positive section can be the larger value of Vin_Pk or Vin_Lik, and the ending voltage of the positive section can be the smaller value of Vjn_Pk or Vjn_Lik.
- the starting voltage of the negative section can be Vnn_Pk or Vnn_Lik
- the ending voltage of the negative section can be Vmn_Pk or Vmn_Lik. Since the negative section should be conservatively set to correspond to the deterioration state of the battery, the starting voltage of the negative section can be a larger value of Vnn_Pk or Vnn_Lik, and the ending voltage of the negative section can be a smaller value of Vmn_Pk or Vmn_Lik.
- the battery information generation device (100) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile under conditions of the positive electrode section and the negative electrode section, taking into account the difference in the degree of degradation and the type of degradation of the battery cycle by cycle. Accordingly, the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery derived as a result of the adjustment can more accurately reflect the state of the battery.
- the control unit (120) can be configured to provide information about the battery by outputting the positive and negative profiles to the outside.
- control unit (120) may be connected to an external device capable of diagnosing the condition of the battery, such that the control unit (120) can communicate with it via wired and/or wireless communication.
- the control unit (120) may transmit a positive profile and/or a negative profile to the external device via wired and/or wireless communication.
- the external device may include a diagnostic device or a server, and any device capable of diagnosing the condition of the battery by analyzing the positive profile and/or the negative profile may be applied without limitation.
- the state of the battery can be diagnosed based on the positive and negative profiles.
- the battery information generation device (100) can improve the accuracy of battery status diagnosis by generating a positive profile and a negative profile used to diagnose the status of the battery.
- control unit (120) adjusts the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile will be described.
- Fig. 6 is a graph for reference in explaining an example of each of a reference anode profile and a reference cathode profile.
- the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (Ah) and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage.
- the storage unit (130) can store a reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and a reference negative electrode profile (Rn).
- the reference cell can be a coin-type cell including a positive electrode half-cell and a negative electrode half-cell, or a three-electrode cell.
- the reference anode profile (Rp) may be a profile representing the correspondence between the anode voltage and capacity of a reference cell.
- the anode voltage of the reference cell refers to the potential difference between the potential of a reference electrode (not shown) and the potential of the anode of the reference cell.
- the reference cathode profile (Rn) may be a profile representing the correspondence between the cathode voltage and capacity of a reference cell.
- the cathode voltage of the reference cell refers to the potential difference between the potential of the reference electrode and the potential of the cathode of the reference cell.
- Each of the positive voltage and negative voltage can be a closed circuit voltage or an open circuit voltage (OCV).
- a first charging protocol or a first discharging protocol can be utilized to obtain the closed-loop voltages of the positive and negative electrodes of the reference cell, respectively.
- the first charging protocol can be a constant current charging method using a first current rate.
- the first discharging protocol can be a constant current discharging method using a first current rate. For example, while the reference cell is continuously charged by the first charging protocol or while the reference cell is continuously discharged by the first discharging protocol, the closed-loop voltages of the positive and negative electrodes of the reference cell, which are measured periodically or aperiodically, can be recorded as the positive voltage and the negative voltage of the reference cell, respectively.
- a second charging protocol or a second discharging protocol may be utilized to obtain the open circuit voltages of the positive and negative electrodes of the reference cell, respectively.
- the second charging protocol may be an intermittent charging method in which constant current charging using a second current rate and a rest period are alternately performed.
- the second discharging protocol may be an intermittent charging method in which constant current discharging using a second current rate and a rest period are alternately performed.
- the second current rate (e.g., 3.0 C) may be predetermined to be greater than the first current rate (e.g., 0.05 C).
- charging of the reference cell may be stopped for a set pause time and then constant current charging may be resumed.
- the charging capacity may be calculated by periodically or aperiodically accumulating sample values of the charging current by the first or second charging protocol.
- the discharge of the reference cell may be stopped for a predetermined pause time and then the constant current discharge may be resumed whenever the discharge time due to the constant current discharge of the second discharge protocol has elapsed by a set amount of time or the discharge capacity of the reference cell has decreased by a set amount of time.
- the discharge capacity may be calculated by periodically or aperiodically accumulating sample values of the discharge current due to the first discharge protocol or the second discharge protocol.
- the open circuit voltages of the positive and negative electrodes of the reference cell measured at specific timings during each pause can be recorded as the positive and negative voltages of the reference cell.
- At least one of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) can be aligned along the horizontal axis so that the result of synthesizing a portion of the common capacity range of the two profiles (5 to 50 Ah in FIG. 6) matches the reference full-cell profile (R).
- FIG. 6 illustrates a case where the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) is aligned by shifting to the right, with the starting point (the point corresponding to capacity 0) of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) as the reference point. For example, when the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) are synthesized through such a shift, a profile matching the reference full-cell profile (R) can be obtained.
- the ends of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) are misaligned.
- the capacity range of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the capacity range of the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) do not match and only partially overlap. Therefore, the reference full-cell profile (R) represents the full-cell voltage of the reference cell in a portion of the capacity range common to the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn).
- the reference full-cell profile (R) is an example of a full-cell voltage profile obtained by directly subtracting a portion of the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) from a portion of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp).
- a reference full-cell profile (R) can represent the relationship between the capacity and full-cell voltage of a new, verified good battery cell.
- the reference cell has the same positive and negative performance levels as a new, verified good battery cell.
- the reference full-cell profile (R) can represent the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the reference cell over at least a voltage range of interest (e.g., 3.0 to 4.0 V).
- the lower and upper limits of the voltage range of interest can be a first set voltage (3.0 V in FIG. 6) and a second set voltage (4.0 V in FIG. 6).
- the SOC may be set to 0% when the full-cell voltage of any battery cell, including the reference cell, is equal to the first set voltage.
- the SOC may be set to 100% when the full-cell voltage of any battery cell, including the reference cell, is equal to the second set voltage. According to Fig. 6, the reference cell can reach a fully charged state (SOC 100%) from a fully discharged state (SOC 0%) with a charge capacity of 45 Ah.
- the positive engagement start point on the positive profile of any battery cell represents the positive voltage when the full-cell voltage of the battery cell matches the first set voltage.
- the negative engagement start point on the negative profile of the battery cell represents the negative voltage when the full-cell voltage of the battery cell matches the first set voltage. Therefore, the voltage difference between the positive engagement start point and the negative engagement start point is equal to the first set voltage.
- the positive engagement endpoint on the positive profile of any battery cell represents the positive voltage when the full-cell voltage of the battery cell matches the second set voltage.
- the negative engagement endpoint on the negative profile of the battery cell represents the negative voltage when the full-cell voltage of the battery cell matches the second set voltage. Therefore, the voltage difference between the positive engagement endpoint and the negative engagement endpoint is equal to the second set voltage.
- the reference positive electrode participation start point (pi0), the reference positive electrode participation end point (pf0), the reference negative electrode participation start point (ni0), and the reference negative electrode participation end point (nf0) may be pre-recorded.
- the reference positive electrode participation start point (pi0) and the reference positive electrode participation end point (pf0) are the positive electrode participation start point and the positive electrode participation end point on the reference positive electrode profile (Rp), respectively.
- the reference negative electrode participation start point (ni0) and the reference negative electrode participation end point (nf0) are the negative electrode participation start point and the negative electrode participation end point on the reference negative electrode profile (Rn), respectively.
- the voltage difference between the reference positive engagement start point (pi0) and the reference negative engagement start point (ni0) may be equal to a first set voltage (e.g., 3.0 V).
- the voltage difference between the reference positive engagement end point (pf0) and the reference negative engagement end point (nf0) may be equal to a second set voltage (e.g., 4.0 V).
- Fig. 7 is a graph used as a reference to explain an example of a measurement full-cell profile of a target cell.
- the horizontal axis (X-axis) represents capacity (Ah) and the vertical axis (Y-axis) represents voltage.
- the control unit (120) can generate a measurement full-cell profile (M) indicating a correspondence between the capacity of a battery cell to be diagnosed (hereinafter, referred to as a “target cell”) and the terminal voltage (also referred to as a “full-cell voltage”).
- the terminal voltage refers to the voltage across both ends of the target cell (CCV or OCV), and is distinct from the positive and negative voltages described above.
- the terminal voltage of the target cell can be referred to as the difference between the positive and negative voltages of the target cell.
- the first charge protocol, the first discharge protocol, the second charge protocol, or the second discharge protocol described above may be used to generate the measured full-cell profile (M).
- the measured full-cell profile (M) may represent a correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the target cell at least over the voltage range of interest (e.g., 3.0 to 4.0 V).
- the measured full-cell profile (M) can also be based on the voltage time series and capacity time series collected through the charge procedure (or discharge procedure) by the first charge protocol (or the first discharge protocol).
- the measured full-cell profile (M) can also be based on the voltage time series and capacity time series collected through the charge procedure (or discharge procedure) by the second charge protocol (or the second discharge protocol).
- the voltage time series represents the temporal change in the terminal voltage of the target cell.
- the capacity time series represents the temporal change in the capacity of the target cell while the target cell is being charged or discharged by the first charge protocol, the first discharge protocol, the second charge protocol, or the second discharge protocol.
- the measured full-cell profile (M) can represent an actual correspondence between the capacity of the target cell and the full-cell voltage.
- the target cell may be a new battery cell that requires verification as to whether it is a good product or a battery cell that has deteriorated after being verified as a good product and is no longer a new product.
- the voltage of the measured full-cell profile (M) is higher than that of the reference full-cell profile (R) at the same capacity value, which is due to a manufacturing defect of the target cell, anode capacity loss, cathode capacity loss, and/or available lithium loss.
- the difference between the measured full-cell profile (M) and the reference full-cell profile (R) will gradually increase. According to FIG. 7, unlike the reference cell described with reference to FIG.
- the target cell requires a charge capacity of 40 Ah to reach 45 Ah, which is a fully charged state (SOC 100%), from 5 Ah, which is a fully discharged state (SOC 0%), which is 5 Ah less than the charge capacity of 45 Ah required to fully charge the reference cell.
- Ah is used as the unit of the horizontal axis, but this unit may be expressed in other forms.
- a percentage % indicating SOC State Of Charge
- SOC State Of Charge
- the control unit (120) may be configured to compare the measurement full-cell profile (M) with at least one comparison full-cell profile.
- the comparison full-cell profile may be a result of generating an adjusted anode profile and an adjusted cathode profile by adjusting each of the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) stored in the storage unit (130), and then synthesizing (combining) the adjusted anode profile and the adjusted cathode profile.
- the comparison full-cell profile can be a result of subtracting a portion of the adjusted cathode profile from a portion of the adjusted anode profile.
- the control unit (120) can generate at least one comparative full-cell profile by directly adjusting the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn).
- the at least one comparative full-cell profile can be pre-secured based on the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) and the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) and stored in the storage unit (130).
- the control unit (120) can also obtain the comparative full-cell profile by accessing the storage unit (130) and reading it.
- the control unit (120) can generate multiple comparison full-cell profiles from the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) by repeating the adjustment procedure of adjusting and then synthesizing each of the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) to several levels.
- the comparison full-cell profile may also be referred to as an 'adjusted reference full-cell profile'.
- the control unit (120) can specify a comparison full-cell profile among a plurality of comparison full-cell profiles that has a minimum error with respect to the measured full-cell profile (M). Then, the control unit (120) can determine that the adjusted positive and negative profiles mapped to the specified comparison full-cell profile are the positive and negative profiles of the target cell.
- various methods known at the time of filing of the present invention can be employed to determine the error between two profiles, each expressible in a two-dimensional coordinate system.
- the absolute integral of the area between the two profiles or the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) can be used as the error between the two profiles.
- RMSE Root Mean Square Error
- various state information about the target cell can be obtained based on the finally determined adjusted anode profile and adjusted cathode profile.
- the finally determined adjusted anode profile and adjusted cathode profile may be mapped to a comparative full-cell profile mapped with a minimum error.
- the comparative full-cell profile obtained by synthesizing the finally determined adjusted anode profile and adjusted cathode profile from a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles can be said to be almost identical to the measured full-cell profile (M) in terms of shape, etc.
- a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile for a target cell can be obtained even without disassembling the target cell or manufacturing it in the form of a three-electrode battery.
- the adjusted positive profile and the adjusted negative profile can be analyzed to more easily diagnose whether a defect has occurred in the target cell and, if so, what type of defect it is.
- the adjusted positive and negative profiles can be used to determine the extent to which the target cell has degraded for each deterioration item.
- the positive and negative profiles of the target cell can be obtained in a simple manner.
- the present invention can be implemented even if only one reference positive profile (Rp) and one reference negative profile (Rn) are stored in the storage unit (130). For example, there is no need to store multiple reference positive profiles (Rp) and/or multiple reference negative profiles (Rn) in the storage unit (130). Accordingly, there is no need for the storage capacity of the storage unit (130) to be high, and there is no need to perform numerous preliminary tests required to secure multiple reference positive profiles (Rp) and/or multiple reference negative profiles (Rn).
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are drawings for reference in explaining an example of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile used for comparison with a measured full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the procedure for generating a comparative full-cell profile to be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10 is performed in the following order: a first routine (see FIG. 8) for setting four points (positive engagement start point, positive engagement end point, negative engagement start point, negative engagement end point) to correspond to a voltage range of interest, a second routine (see FIG. 9) for performing profile shifting, and a third routine (see FIG. 10) for performing capacity scaling.
- the procedure for generating a comparative full-cell profile according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the first to third routines.
- the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are the same as those shown in Fig. 6.
- the control unit (120) determines the positive engagement start point (pi), the positive engagement end point (pf), the negative engagement start point (ni), and the negative engagement end point (nf) on the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn).
- the control unit (120) determines the positive engagement start point (pi) and the positive engagement end point (pf) within the positive section (Vin to Vjn), and determines the negative engagement start point (ni) and the negative engagement end point (nf) within the negative section (Vnn to Vmn).
- control unit (120) may divide the positive voltage range from the starting point to the ending point (or the second set voltage) of the reference positive profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as positive engagement start points (pi).
- Each micro-voltage section may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01 V).
- the control unit (120) may set a point on the reference negative profile (Rn) that is smaller than the positive engagement start point (pi) by the first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) as the negative engagement start point (ni).
- control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative profile (Rn) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation start point (ni). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point that is greater than the negative participation start point (ni) by a first set voltage from the reference positive profile (Rp), and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi).
- control unit (120) may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile (Rp) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation end point (pf). Then, the control unit (120) may set the point on the reference negative electrode profile (Rn) that is smaller by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V) than the positive electrode participation end point (pf) as the negative electrode participation end point (nf).
- the second set voltage e.g., 4 V
- control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative profile (Rn) into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation end point (nf). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point from the reference positive profile (Rp) that is greater than the negative participation end point (nf) by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf).
- control unit (120) shifts at least one of the reference positive profile (Rp) and the reference negative profile (Rn) to the left or right along the horizontal axis.
- control unit (120) can shift the reference anode profile (Rp) to the left (low capacity side), shift the reference cathode profile (Rn) to the right (high capacity side), or perform both, so that the capacity values of the anode participation start point (pi) and the cathode participation start point (ni) match.
- control unit (120) may shift the reference anode profile (Rp) to the left, shift the reference cathode profile (Rn) to the right, or both, so that the capacitance values of the anode participation end point (pf) and the cathode participation end point (nf) match.
- Fig. 9 illustrates a case where only the reference anode profile (Rp) is shifted to the left to generate an adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'), and as a result, the capacity of the anode participation start point (pi') matches the capacity of the cathode participation start point (ni).
- the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') is the result of applying an adjustment procedure to the reference anode profile (Rp) that shifts to the left by the capacity difference between the anode participation start point (pi) and the cathode participation start point (ni). Therefore, the two anode participation start points (pi, pi') before and after the shift only differ in capacity, and have the same voltage. In addition, the two anode participation start points (pf, pf') before and after the shift only differ in capacity, and have the same voltage.
- the control unit (120) scales the capacity range of at least one of the adjustment result profiles (Rp', Rn).
- control unit (120) performs an additional adjustment procedure to contract or expand at least one of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and the reference cathode profile (Rn) along the horizontal axis.
- the control unit (120) can generate an adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') by shrinking or expanding the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') so that the size of the capacity range between two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') matches the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M).
- one of the two points (pi', pf') can be fixed. Accordingly, the capacity difference between the two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') can match the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M).
- control unit (120) can generate an adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') by shrinking or expanding the reference cathode profile (Rn) so that the size of the capacity range between two points (ni, nf) of the reference cathode profile (Rn) matches the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M).
- one of the two points (ni, nf) can be fixed. Accordingly, the capacity difference between the two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') can match the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M).
- the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') is a result of shrinking the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') shown in Fig. 9
- the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') is a result of expanding the reference cathode profile (Rn) shown in Fig. 9.
- the positive participation endpoint (pf'') on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'') corresponds to the positive participation endpoint (pf) on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp').
- the negative participation endpoint (nf') on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') corresponds to the negative participation endpoint (nf) on the reference negative profile (Rn).
- the capacity difference between the positive engagement start point (pi') and the positive engagement end point (pf'') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp'') corresponds to the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M).
- the capacity difference between the negative engagement start point (ni) and the negative engagement end point (nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn') corresponds to the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M).
- the capacity range by two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp') matches the capacity range by two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn').
- the control unit (120) can generate a comparison full-cell profile (S) by subtracting the profile between the two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp'') from the profile between the two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn').
- the control unit (120) can calculate the error (profile error) between the comparison full cell profile (S) and the reference full cell profile (R).
- the control unit (120) can mutually map at least two of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp''), the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn'), the positive engagement start point (pi'), the positive engagement end point (pf''), the negative engagement start point (ni), the negative engagement end point (nf'), the first scale factor, the second scale factor, the comparison full-cell profile (S), and the profile error, and record them in the storage unit (130).
- the first scale factor may represent a ratio of the capacity difference between two points (pi', pf'') to the capacity difference between two points (pi0, pf0).
- the second scale factor may represent a ratio of the capacity difference between two points (ni, nf') to the capacity difference between two points (ni0, nf0).
- the first scale factor is a change ratio of the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp'') to the reference anode profile (Rp), which is an anode change ratio.
- the second scale factor is a change ratio of the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') to the reference cathode profile (Rn), which is an cathode change ratio.
- the voltages of two points (pi', pf'') of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'') may be included in the set positive section (Vin to Vjn), and the voltages of two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') may be included in the set negative section (Vnn to Vmn).
- the boundary points of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections can be set as the anode participation start point (pi).
- anode voltage range of the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into 100 microvoltage ranges, there may be 100 boundary points that can be set as anode participation start points (pi).
- the voltage range that is higher than the second set voltage in the reference anode profile (Rp) is divided into 40 microvoltage ranges, there may be 40 boundary points that can be set as anode participation end points (pf).
- up to 4,000 different comparison full-cell profiles (S) can be generated.
- the control unit (120) can identify the minimum value among the profile errors for the reference full-cell profile (R) of the plurality of comparison full-cell profiles (S) generated as described above, and then obtain information mapped to the minimum profile error (e.g., at least one of the positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point, first scale factor, and second scale factor) from the storage unit (130).
- information mapped to the minimum profile error e.g., at least one of the positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point, first scale factor, and second scale factor
- FIGS. 11 to 13 are drawings for reference in explaining another example of a procedure for generating a comparison full-cell profile (U) used for comparison with a measured full-cell profile (M) according to one embodiment of the present invention. Note that the embodiments according to FIGS. 11 to 13 are independent from the embodiments according to FIGS. 8 to 10. Therefore, terms or symbols commonly described in describing the embodiments according to FIGS. 8 to 10 and the embodiments according to FIGS. 11 to 13 should be understood as being limited to each embodiment.
- the generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile (U) to be described with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13 is performed in the following order: a fourth routine (see FIG. 11) for performing capacity scaling, a fifth routine (see FIG. 12) for setting four points (positive participation start point, positive participation end point, negative participation start point, negative participation end point), and a sixth routine (see FIG. 13) for performing profile shifting.
- the generation procedure of the comparative full-cell profile (U) according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the fourth to sixth routines.
- the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are the same as those shown in Fig. 6.
- the control unit (120) applies a first scale factor and a second scale factor selected from a scaling value range to the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively, to generate an adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and an adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn').
- the scaling value range may be predetermined or may vary depending on the ratio of the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) to the size of the capacity range of the reference full-cell profile (R). For example, when values spaced by 0.1% of the scaling value range (e.g., 90-99%) (e.g., 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%, ..., 98.9%, 99%) can be selected as the first scale factor and the second scale factor, 91 values can be selected as the first scale factor and the second scale factor, respectively. In this case, a maximum of 8,281 adjusted profile pairs can be generated according to 8,281 (91 ⁇ 91) adjustment levels (combinations of the first scale factor and the second scale factor).
- An adjusted profile pair means a combination of an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile.
- the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in FIG. 11 illustrate the results of applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor, which are less than 100%, to the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn), respectively.
- the adjusted reference anode profile (Rp') is the reference anode profile (Rp) shrunk along the horizontal axis
- the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') is also the reference cathode profile (Rn) shrunk along the horizontal axis.
- the starting points of the reference anode profile (Rp) and the reference cathode profile (Rn) are fixed, and only the remaining portion is shrunk to the left along the horizontal axis.
- the scale factor is described as being less than 100%, but the scale factor may be greater than 100%.
- control unit (120) determines the positive engagement start point (pi'), the positive engagement end point (pf'), the negative engagement start point (ni'), and the negative engagement end point (nf') on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn').
- Either the positive engagement start point (pi') or the negative engagement start point (ni') may depend on the other.
- either the positive engagement end point (pf') or the negative engagement end point (nf') may depend on the other.
- either the positive engagement start point (pi') or the positive engagement end point (pf') may be set based on the other.
- the remaining three points can be automatically set by the size of the capacity range of the first set voltage, the second set voltage and/or the measured full cell profile (M) (e.g., charge capacity of 0 to 100% of SOC).
- control unit (120) may divide the positive voltage range from the starting point to the ending point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive voltage profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive participation start point (pi'). Then, the control unit (120) may set the point on the adjusted reference negative voltage profile (Rn) that is smaller by the first set voltage (e.g., 3 V) than the positive participation start point (pi') as the negative participation start point (ni').
- first set voltage e.g., 3 V
- control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation start point (ni'). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point from the reference positive profile (Rp) that is greater than the negative participation start point (ni') by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi').
- control unit (120) may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile (Rp') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as the positive electrode participation end point (pf'). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile (Rn') that is smaller than the positive electrode participation end point (pf') by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V), and set the searched point as the negative electrode participation end point (nf').
- the second set voltage e.g. 4 V
- control unit (120) may divide the negative voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') into a plurality of micro-voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point of two adjacent micro-voltage sections among the plurality of micro-voltage sections as a negative participation end point (nf'). Then, the control unit (120) may search for a point that is larger than the negative participation end point (nf') by a second set voltage from the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the control unit (120) can additionally determine the remaining three points based on the determined point when one of the positive participation start point (pi'), the positive participation end point (pf'), the negative participation start point (ni'), and the negative participation end point (nf') is determined.
- the control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the control unit (120) can search for a point that is lower than the positive participation start point (pi') by a first set voltage from the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') and set the searched point as the negative participation start point (ni').
- control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni') by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) as the negative participation end point (nf').
- the control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the control unit (120) may search for a point lower by a second set voltage than the positive participation end point (pf') from the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') and set the searched point as the negative participation end point (nf').
- control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni').
- the control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the negative participation start point (ni') by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) as the negative participation end point (nf').
- the control unit (120) can search for a point that is higher than the negative participation start point (ni') by a first set voltage from the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation start point (pi').
- control unit (120) can set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value that is greater than the capacity value of the positive participation start point (pi') by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) as the positive participation end point (pf').
- the control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) than the capacity value of the negative participation end point (nf') as the negative participation start point (ni').
- the control unit (120) may search for a point higher by a second set voltage than the negative participation end point (nf') from the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and set the searched point as the positive participation end point (pf').
- control unit (120) may set a point on the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') that has a capacity value smaller by the size of the capacity range of the measured full-cell profile (M) than the capacity value of the positive participation end point (pf') as the positive participation start point (pi').
- the control unit (120) can shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') and the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn') to the left or right along the horizontal axis so that the capacity values of the positive engagement start point (pi') and the negative engagement start point (ni') match, or so that the capacity values of the positive engagement end point (pf') and the negative engagement end point (nf') match.
- the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn'') illustrated in Fig. 13 is only the adjusted reference cathode profile (Rn') illustrated in Fig. 12 shifted to the right. Accordingly, the capacity values of the positive engagement start point (pi') and the negative engagement start point (ni'') are matched with each other.
- control unit (120) can generate a comparison full-cell profile (U) by subtracting a partial profile between two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') from a partial profile between two points (ni'', nf'') of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn'').
- the control unit (120) can calculate the error (profile error) between the comparison full cell profile (U) and the reference full cell profile (R).
- the control unit (120) can map at least two of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp'), the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn''), the positive engagement start point (pi'), the positive engagement end point (pf'), the negative engagement start point (ni''), the negative engagement end point (nf''), the first scale factor, the second scale factor, the comparison full-cell profile (U), and the profile error to each other, and record them in the storage unit (130).
- the voltages of two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference positive profile (Rp') may be included in the set positive section (Vin to Vjn), and the voltages of two points (ni'', nf'') of the adjusted reference negative profile (Rn'') may be included in the set negative section (Vnn to Vmn).
- control unit (120) can generate a comparison full-cell profile corresponding to each pair of the first scale factor and the second scale factor selected from the scaling value range. Since there are multiple pairs of the first scale factor and the second scale factor, it is obvious that a plurality of comparison full-cell profiles will also be generated.
- the control unit (120) can identify a minimum value among the profile errors of the multiple comparison full-cell profiles, and then obtain information mapped to the minimum profile error from the storage unit (130).
- the battery information generation device (100) according to the present invention can be applied to a BMS (Battery Management System).
- the BMS according to the present invention can include the battery information generation device (100) described above.
- at least some of the components of the battery information generation device (100) can be implemented by supplementing or adding to the functions of the components included in a conventional BMS.
- the profile acquisition unit (110), control unit (120), and storage unit (130) of the battery information generation device (100) can be implemented as components of the BMS.
- the battery information generation device (100) according to the present invention may be provided in a battery pack.
- the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery information generation device (100) described above and one or more battery cells.
- the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.
- FIG. 14 is a drawing illustrating an exemplary configuration of a battery pack (10) including a battery information generation device (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the positive terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) can be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the measuring unit (12) can be connected to a first sensing line (SL1), a second sensing line (SL2), and a third sensing line (SL3).
- the measuring unit (12) can be connected to a positive terminal of the battery (11) through the first sensing line (SL1), and can be connected to a negative terminal of the battery (11) through the second sensing line (SL2).
- the measuring unit (12) can measure the voltage of the battery (11) based on the voltage measured at each of the first sensing line (SL1) and the second sensing line (SL2).
- the measuring unit (12) can be connected to the current measuring unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3).
- the current measuring unit (A) can be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery (11).
- the measuring unit (12) can measure the charging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the charging amount.
- the measuring unit (12) can measure the discharging current of the battery (11) through the third sensing line (SL3) to calculate the discharging amount.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can read or receive battery information regarding the voltage and current of the battery from the measurement unit (12). In addition, the profile acquisition unit (110) can generate a battery profile based on the battery information.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can read or receive a battery profile from the measurement unit (12).
- An external device may be connected to the positive terminal (P+) and negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10).
- the external device may be a charging device or a load.
- the positive terminal of the battery (11), the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack (10), the external device, the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack (10), and the negative terminal of the battery (11) may be electrically connected.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic drawing of a vehicle (1500) according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- a battery pack (1510) may be included in a vehicle (1500), such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). Furthermore, the battery pack (1510) may drive the vehicle (1500) by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle (1500).
- the battery pack (1510) may include a battery information generation device (100).
- the vehicle (1500) may include a battery information generation device (100).
- the battery information generation device (100) may be an onboard device included in the vehicle (1500).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery information generation method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery information generation method may include a profile acquisition step (S100), a section setting step (S200), and a profile generation step (S300).
- Each step of the battery information generation method can be performed by the battery information generation device (100).
- the battery information generation device (100) For convenience of explanation, any content that overlaps with the previously described content will be omitted or briefly described.
- the profile acquisition step (S100) is a step of acquiring a battery profile indicating a correspondence between the capacity and voltage of the battery, and can be performed by the profile acquisition unit (110).
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can directly read or receive a battery profile from the outside.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) can acquire a battery profile by being connected to the outside via wire and/or wirelessly to read or receive a battery profile.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may generate a battery profile based on battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of the battery.
- the profile acquisition unit (110) may acquire a battery profile by directly generating the battery profile based on the battery information.
- the section setting step (S200) is a step of setting the positive section and negative section corresponding to the battery based on section information for each preset degradation level, and can be performed by the control unit (120).
- control unit (120) can set the positive section and the negative section corresponding to the state of the battery.
- the profile generation step (S300) is a step of generating a positive profile and a negative profile of a battery by adjusting the positive section of a preset reference positive profile and the negative section of a preset reference negative profile to correspond to the battery profile, and can be performed by the control unit (120).
- control unit (120) can generate an adjusted anode profile and an adjusted cathode profile by adjusting the reference anode profile and the reference cathode profile.
- control unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the voltage range (or capacity range) of the adjusted positive electrode profile is included in the positive electrode section set in the section setting step (S200), and the voltage range (or capacity range) of the adjusted negative electrode profile is included in the negative electrode section set in the section setting step (S200).
- control unit (120) can generate a comparison profile from the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile.
- the control unit (120) can adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the comparison profile corresponds to the battery profile.
- the control unit (120) can determine the comparison profile that best matches the battery profile (e.g., the comparison profile with the smallest error). Furthermore, the control unit (120) can set the adjusted positive profile corresponding to the determined comparison profile as the positive profile of the battery. Similarly, the control unit (120) can set the adjusted negative profile corresponding to the determined comparison profile as the negative profile of the battery.
- the embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes a function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded, and such implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 배터리의 용량과 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 배터리 프로파일을 획득하도록 구성된 프로파일 획득부; 및미리 설정된 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여 상기 배터리에 대응되는 양극 구간 및 음극 구간을 설정하고, 미리 설정된 기준 양극 프로파일 및 기준 음극 프로파일을 상기 양극 구간과 상기 음극 구간 내에서 상기 배터리 프로파일에 대응되도록 조정하여 상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일 및 음극 프로파일을 생성하도록 구성된 제어부를 포함하는 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 구간은,상기 양극 프로파일의 시작점 및 종료점의 전압 또는 용량이 포함되는 구간으로 설정되고,상기 음극 구간은,상기 음극 프로파일의 시작점 및 종료점의 전압 또는 용량이 포함되는 구간으로 설정된 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보는,상기 배터리의 퇴화도에 따른 구간 정보를 포함하도록 미리 설정되고,상기 제어부는,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여, 상기 배터리의 퇴화도에 대응되는 상기 양극 구간 및 상기 음극 구간을 설정하도록 구성된 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보는,복수의 사이클 각각에 대하여 이전 사이클에 대비한 퇴화도에 따른 구간 정보를 포함하도록 미리 설정되고,상기 제어부는,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여, 상기 배터리의 사이클 및 퇴화도에 대응되는 상기 양극 구간 및 상기 음극 구간을 설정하도록 구성된 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보는,복수의 사이클 각각에 대하여 이전 사이클에 대비한 퇴화 종류 및 퇴화도에 따른 구간 정보를 포함하도록 미리 설정되고,상기 제어부는,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여, 상기 배터리의 사이클, 퇴화 종류 및 퇴화도에 대응되는 상기 양극 구간 및 상기 음극 구간을 설정하도록 구성된 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 배터리의 용량과 미리 설정된 초기 용량에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 퇴화도를 추정하도록 구성된 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 양극 프로파일 및 상기 음극 프로파일을 외부로 출력함으로써 상기 배터리에 대한 정보를 제공하도록 구성된 배터리 정보 생성 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 정보 생성 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제1항 내지 제7항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 정보 생성 장치를 포함하는 자동차.
- 배터리의 용량과 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 배터리 프로파일을 획득하는 프로파일 획득 단계;미리 설정된 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여 상기 배터리에 대응되는 양극 구간 및 음극 구간을 설정하는 구간 설정 단계; 및미리 설정된 기준 양극 프로파일 및 기준 음극 프로파일을 상기 양극 구간과 상기 음극 구간 내에서 상기 배터리 프로파일에 대응되도록 조정하여 상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일 및 음극 프로파일을 생성하는 프로파일 생성 단계를 포함하는 배터리 정보 생성 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보는,상기 배터리의 퇴화도에 따른 구간 정보를 포함하도록 미리 설정되고,상기 구간 설정 단계는,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여, 상기 배터리의 퇴화도에 대응되는 상기 양극 구간 및 상기 음극 구간을 설정하는 단계를 포함하는 배터리 정보 생성 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보는,복수의 사이클 각각에 대하여 이전 사이클에 대비한 퇴화도에 따른 구간 정보를 포함하도록 미리 설정되고,상기 구간 설정 단계는,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여, 상기 배터리의 사이클 및 퇴화도에 대응되는 상기 양극 구간 및 상기 음극 구간을 설정하는 단계를 포함하는 배터리 정보 생성 방법.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보는,복수의 사이클 각각에 대하여 이전 사이클에 대비한 퇴화 종류 및 퇴화도에 따른 구간 정보를 포함하도록 미리 설정되고,상기 구간 설정 단계는,상기 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여, 상기 배터리의 사이클, 퇴화 종류 및 퇴화도에 대응되는 상기 양극 구간 및 상기 음극 구간을 설정하는 단계를 포함하는 배터리 정보 생성 방법.
- 배터리의 용량과 전압 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 배터리 프로파일을 획득하는 프로파일 획득 단계;미리 설정된 퇴화도별 구간 정보에 기반하여 상기 배터리에 대응되는 양극 구간 및 음극 구간을 설정하는 구간 설정 단계; 및미리 설정된 기준 양극 프로파일 및 기준 음극 프로파일을 상기 양극 구간과 상기 음극 구간 내에서 상기 배터리 프로파일에 대응되도록 조정하여 상기 배터리의 양극 프로파일 및 음극 프로파일을 생성하는 프로파일 생성 단계를 포함하는 배터리 정보 생성 방법을 실행하기 위한 프로그램이 저장된 비일시적 판독 가능한 저장 매체.
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| EP25745257.3A EP4729968A1 (en) | 2024-01-26 | 2025-01-24 | Apparatus and method for generating battery information |
| MX2026002276A MX2026002276A (es) | 2024-01-26 | 2026-02-25 | Aparato y metodo para generar informacion sobre baterias |
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| KR20230013929A (ko) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-27 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 이차 전지 퇴화 검출 시스템 및 이를 위한 3전극 이차전지 |
| WO2023186338A1 (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-10-05 | Eatron Technologies Limited | Systems and methods for predicting remaining useful life in batteries and assets |
| KR20240012534A (ko) | 2021-05-21 | 2024-01-29 | 청두 바이위 파머수티컬 씨오., 엘티디 | 피페라진 유도체 및 이의 의학적 용도 |
-
2024
- 2024-01-26 KR KR1020240012534A patent/KR20250117109A/ko active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-01-24 WO PCT/KR2025/001527 patent/WO2025159591A1/ko active Pending
- 2025-01-24 CN CN202580002945.3A patent/CN121263703A/zh active Pending
- 2025-01-24 EP EP25745257.3A patent/EP4729968A1/en active Pending
- 2025-01-24 US US19/036,843 patent/US20250251455A1/en active Pending
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- 2026-02-25 MX MX2026002276A patent/MX2026002276A/es unknown
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| KR20130071957A (ko) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-07-01 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 배터리의 퇴화도를 이용한 배터리 관리 장치 및 배터리 관리 방법 |
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| KR20250117109A (ko) | 2025-08-04 |
| MX2026002276A (es) | 2026-04-01 |
| CN121263703A (zh) | 2026-01-02 |
| EP4729968A1 (en) | 2026-04-22 |
| US20250251455A1 (en) | 2025-08-07 |
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