WO2025139922A1 - 一种大容量电池及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种大容量电池及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025139922A1 WO2025139922A1 PCT/CN2024/140132 CN2024140132W WO2025139922A1 WO 2025139922 A1 WO2025139922 A1 WO 2025139922A1 CN 2024140132 W CN2024140132 W CN 2024140132W WO 2025139922 A1 WO2025139922 A1 WO 2025139922A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- capacity battery
- electrolyte
- battery
- single cell
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
Definitions
- lithium-ion batteries have been used more and more widely. They are mainly used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power generation, as well as power tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, special equipment, special aerospace, etc.
- the present invention provides a large-capacity battery.
- the large-capacity battery comprises a box, N battery cells and an electrolyte, N ⁇ 2; the N battery cells are arranged in the box, and the top of the box has a total positive terminal and a total negative terminal; the box contains an electrolyte, and the N battery cells are in an electrolyte system.
- the present invention installs a plurality of battery cells in a box with an electrolyte so that each battery cell is placed in a unified electrolyte system, thereby ensuring the uniformity of each battery cell and thereby improving the cycle life of a large-capacity battery.
- the upper end of the cylinder is open;
- the battery unit includes a cover plate assembly and an electrode assembly connected to the cover plate assembly;
- the cover plate assembly includes a plate body, a positive electrode column and a negative electrode column insulated and fixed on the plate body;
- N battery cells are evenly arranged along the length direction of the cylinder through the cooperation of their respective corresponding cover plate assemblies and the cylinder, and the positive electrode column and the negative electrode column of each cover plate assembly extend out of the upper cover through the corresponding first through hole respectively; each first through hole and the corresponding positive electrode column and negative electrode column need to be sealed;
- the positive poles are electrically connected to form a total positive terminal, and the negative poles are electrically connected to form a total negative terminal; the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal exchange heat with an external temperature control device through at least one heat transfer tube.
- the first and second large-capacity batteries place N battery cells in a cylinder with an open upper end, and use N cover plate assemblies or upper covers of the battery cells to seal the open end of the cylinder. All electrode assemblies are in an electrolyte system. Therefore, the large-capacity battery avoids the problem of different electrolyte and lithium ion consumption of each single cell in the existing battery module, ensuring the service life of the large-capacity battery.
- each electrode assembly is in an air pressure system. Compared with the existing battery module, it also solves the problem that the internal pressure of each single cell will be different after running for a period of time, which affects the performance of the battery module. At the same time, it also solves the probability of thermal runaway caused by excessive air pressure in a single cell in the existing battery module, thereby improving the safety of large-capacity batteries.
- each electrode assembly can be directly transferred to an external temperature control device through the heat transfer tubes installed at the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal, thereby reducing the problem of overheating of the electrode assembly affecting the performance of large-capacity batteries. More importantly, the probability of thermal runaway is reduced by directly controlling the temperature of each electrode assembly.
- the heat transfer tubes can directly heat each electrode assembly to control the water content in the electrode assembly during the production of large-capacity batteries. Compared with the traditional vacuum baking method, there is no need for a special vacuum baking oven, which reduces the production cost of large-capacity batteries and improves the production efficiency of large-capacity batteries.
- the first large-capacity battery and the second large-capacity battery have the following optimized designs in structure:
- N-1 first partitions are arranged at intervals along the length of the casing to divide the casing into N placement areas for the electrode assemblies, and the N placement areas are interconnected.
- a circle of flexible gaskets is arranged on the plate body of the cover plate assembly near the four edges, and the end surface of the open end of the placement area is a step surface, the first plane of the step surface is welded to the plate body, and the second plane of the step surface is matched with the flexible gasket; the first plane is located above the second plane.
- a circle of flexible gaskets is arranged on the plate body of the above-mentioned cover plate assembly near the four edges, and the open end of the placement area presents a step surface structure, including a first plane, a second plane lower than the first plane, and a third plane lower than the second plane; the upper cover is welded to the first plane, the plate body of the cover plate assembly is fixed to the second plane by spot welding, and the flexible gasket cooperates with the third plane.
- the peripheral areas of each of the first through holes and the corresponding plate body of the cover plate assembly are fixed and sealed by laser welding.
- both the positive electrode column and the negative electrode column are provided with grooves or through holes for clamping the heat transfer tube.
- the above-mentioned heat transfer tube is an aluminum water-cooling tube, and in order to ensure safety, insulation must be maintained between the aluminum water-cooling tube and the groove, or between the aluminum water-cooling tube and the through hole.
- an explosion relief unit is provided on the above-mentioned box.
- the thermal runaway smoke can be released in time when the large-capacity battery has thermal runaway, avoiding more serious accidents.
- a liquid injection and replacement interface is provided on the box.
- the liquid injection and replacement interface is not only convenient for the initial stage of the battery injection, but also can be used to ensure the cycle life of the large-capacity battery by replenishing electrolyte or lithium additives or replacing the electrolyte as a whole when the battery capacity decays to a certain extent, so as to increase or maintain the capacity.
- the large-capacity battery in order to improve the cycle life of the large-capacity battery, also includes at least one second partition and an upper cover.
- the second partition is vertically installed in the cylinder.
- a chamber with an upper opening is formed between the second partition and the side wall of the cylinder.
- the chamber is connected to the placement area.
- the upper open end of the chamber is sealed by the upper cover, and the electrolyte is contained in the chamber.
- the large-capacity battery in order to improve the cycle life of the large-capacity battery, also includes at least one second partition, and an electrolyte storage chamber is formed between the second partition, the side wall of the cylinder, and the upper cover, and the electrolyte storage chamber is connected to the placement area.
- the four side walls of the cylinder are provided with hollow reinforcing ribs.
- the addition of the reinforcing ribs improves the strength of the cylinder, and the hollow reinforcing cavity can also be used as an air cooling channel and a liquid cooling channel, which can improve the temperature control ability of the large-capacity battery.
- the first method for manufacturing a large-capacity battery comprises the following steps:
- the cover plate assembly and the electrode assembly are connected to form a battery unit by welding;
- All positive poles are electrically connected to form a total positive terminal, and all negative poles are electrically connected to form a total negative terminal;
- the second method for making a large-capacity battery comprises the following steps:
- All positive poles are electrically connected to form a total positive terminal, and all negative poles are electrically connected to form a total negative terminal;
- the second method for manufacturing a large-capacity battery has the following characteristics: the cover plate assembly of the battery unit is fixed to the open end of the cylinder by spot welding.
- This spot welding positioning method is relatively easy to operate and has relatively reliable positioning.
- the upper cover is fixed and sealed to the open end of the cylinder by welding.
- the specific method for keeping the gap between the first through hole and the positive electrode column and the negative electrode column sealed is: the peripheral area of the first through hole and the corresponding plate body of the cover plate assembly are fixed and sealed by laser welding.
- the third large-capacity battery structure includes a box body, a cylinder body and an upper cover; the top of the cylinder body is open, and the opening of the cylinder body is provided with a step surface; the step surface includes a first plane and a second plane lower than the first plane; an interface is provided on the cylinder body; 2N first through holes are provided on the upper cover; the upper cover is matched with the first plane by screw connection and welding, and a flexible gasket is provided between the upper cover and the second plane; the battery unit is a single cell, N single cells are placed side by side in the box body, each extending out of the corresponding first through hole and the gap between the first through hole and the polarity terminal of the single cell is filled with sealant; the N polarity terminals on one side of each single cell are electrically connected to form a total positive terminal of the large-capacity battery, and the N polarity terminals on the other side of each single cell are electrically connected to form a total negative terminal of the large-capacity battery; a
- the large-capacity battery of the present invention places N single cells with second through holes at the bottom into a cylinder with an open upper end, uses an upper cover to seal the open end of the cylinder by screw connection in combination with a flexible gasket, and then performs a secondary sealing by welding. All single cells are in an electrolyte system. Therefore, the large-capacity battery avoids the problem of different electrolyte and lithium ion consumption of each single cell in the existing battery module, thereby ensuring the service life of the large-capacity battery.
- the box of the present invention serves as a shared electrolyte chamber for each single cell.
- the box of the present invention serves as a shared electrolyte chamber for each single cell.
- an interface is provided on the cylinder, the interface can be used to add electrolyte or replace electrolyte in the large-capacity battery, which can improve the life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.
- An explosion relief valve can also be provided on the interface to ensure the safety of the large-capacity battery.
- the third type of large-capacity battery structure has the following optimized designs:
- the polarity terminal of the single cell battery includes the pole of the single cell battery and the adapter pole welded on the top of the pole; the adapter pole is provided with an annular blind groove along its axial direction.
- the setting of the adapter pole extends the length of the original pole of the single cell battery, so that it can extend smoothly out of the top plate.
- the use of the adapter pole can directly use commercially available batteries to assemble large-capacity batteries, which has strong adaptability.
- the setting of the annular blind groove provides a transmission channel for the laser during laser welding, so that the adapter pole can be better welded on the original pole.
- an annular protrusion is provided on the top plate at a position corresponding to each first through hole.
- the polarity terminal also includes an adapter block welded to the top of the adapter column, and a slot for clamping a heat exchange tube is provided on the adapter block.
- the present invention can directly transfer the temperature of each single cell to an external temperature control device by installing a heat exchange tube, thereby reducing the problem that the overheating of the single cell will affect the performance of the large-capacity battery. More importantly, the present invention further reduces the probability of thermal runaway by directly dissipating heat from the poles of each single cell.
- the cylinder is provided with N-1 partitions at intervals along its length, thereby dividing the cylinder into N single battery placement areas, and the N placement areas are interconnected.
- Two pads extending along the arrangement direction of the single cells are arranged on the inner surface of the bottom plate of the above-mentioned box body, and an electrolyte channel is formed between the two pads, and the first channel is connected to the electrolyte area of each single cell.
- the arrangement of the pads can ensure the flatness of the bottom of the single cell and the bottom of the box body when they are in contact, and the electrolyte channel is formed between the two pads, which can make the continuity of the electrolyte level between each single cell better.
- the above-mentioned first plane includes a first area and a second area; the first area is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and the second area is used as an area for welding with the upper cover plate.
- the third method for making a large-capacity battery comprises the following steps:
- Step 2 Unpack the battery
- Step 3 Assemble the large capacity battery
- a flexible gasket is placed on the second plane, and the top plate is fixed to the open end of the cylinder by screw connection, and this process ensures that the polarity terminal of each square aluminum lithium-ion battery extends out of the first through hole corresponding to each other;
- top plate and the second plane of the open end of the cylinder are fusion-welded by welding
- the N polarity terminals on one side of each single battery are electrically connected to form a first polarity pole of a large-capacity battery, and the N polarity terminals on the other side of each single battery are electrically connected to form a second polarity pole of the large-capacity battery.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention does not need to unpack the single battery a second time. It only needs to directly open the second through hole on the commercially available square aluminum lithium-ion battery, place it in a cylinder, and seal the cylinder to complete a large-capacity battery with a shared electrolyte function.
- the operation is simple, and commercially available batteries can be directly used for manufacturing, so the applicability is strong.
- the present invention realizes primary sealing of the box body by threaded connection combined with a flexible gasket, and realizes secondary sealing of the box body by fusion welding.
- the box body has stronger sealing performance, and after primary sealing, it can ensure that impurities during fusion welding will not affect the large-capacity battery, thereby ensuring the performance of the large-capacity battery.
- the third method for making a large-capacity battery also includes the step of welding an adapter sleeve on the original pole of each commercially available square aluminum lithium-ion battery after capacity separation and sorting.
- the third method for manufacturing a large-capacity battery also includes step 4: welding an adapter block on the adapter sleeve and installing a heat exchange tube.
- the box body includes a shell with an open top, n partitions and m upper covers; wherein n and m are both integers greater than 1; the shell includes a cylinder and a lower cover, and the lower cover is provided with an electrolyte sharing chamber; the battery unit is a single cell; the n partitions are arranged in the same direction in the cylinder, dividing the inner cavity of the cylinder into n-1 single cell accommodating cavities; at least one single cell is arranged in each single cell accommodating cavity; the electrolyte area of the inner cavity of each single cell is connected to the inner cavity of the electrolyte sharing chamber; m upper covers are fixed one by one to the top open end of each single cell accommodating cavity; each upper cover is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the polarity terminal of each single cell; each single cell polarity terminal extends out of the first through hole, and the upper cover area corresponding to the first through hole is fixedly sealed with the single cell shell.
- the present invention places a plurality of single cells inside a shell having a shared electrolyte chamber, and utilizes the shared electrolyte chamber to communicate with the inner cavities of each single cell located in the shell, so that the electrolyte of each single cell is shared to ensure the consistency of each single cell, that is, the electrolyte of each single cell is connected so that the electrolyte of all single cells is in the same system, which reduces the difference between each single cell, improves the consistency between each single cell to a certain extent, and thus improves the cycle life of the large-capacity battery to a certain extent.
- the shared chamber of the present invention does not need to be plugged in, and there is no need to consider the coaxial plug-in problem in the arrangement direction of the single battery cells, and the requirements for processing accuracy and assembly accuracy are relatively low. At the same time, no special tooling is required, and the assembly process is relatively simple, which greatly reduces the processing difficulty and processing cost of such large-capacity batteries with a shared system, and can realize mass production.
- the upper covers of the present invention cover the open ends of the individual battery accommodating cavities one by one. Avoidance holes are provided on the upper covers corresponding to the polarity terminals of the individual batteries; the polarity terminals of the individual batteries extend out of the corresponding avoidance holes, and the upper cover area corresponding to the avoidance holes is fixedly sealed with the housing of the individual batteries. Compared with the solution of fixing the entire large cover plate on the open end of the housing, it has the following advantages:
- the upper cover is easier to process and the flatness is easier to ensure
- the upper cover plate used in the present invention has a relatively small requirement for the dimensional consistency of each single cell in the height direction. That is to say, when the dimensional deviation of each single cell constituting a large-capacity battery in the height direction is relatively large, the position of each upper cover plate at the open end of the single cell accommodating cavity can be adjusted to make the polarity terminal of the single cell extend out of the corresponding avoidance hole, and the edge of each upper cover plate can be welded to the inner wall of the open end of the corresponding single cell accommodating cavity, and the gap between the polarity terminal and the avoidance hole can be sealed; based on the deformation of each upper cover plate in the thickness direction, the dimensional deviation of each single cell in the height direction can be compensated, so that the polarity terminal of the single cell extends out of the corresponding avoidance hole, and the upper cover plate can be sealed and fixed to the open end of the corresponding single cell accommodating cavity, and the gap between the polarity terminal and the avoidance hole can be sealed;
- the shell is provided with a liquid replenishing and replacing component, which is used to replenish electrolyte into the electrolyte shared chamber and the inner cavity of each single battery, or to replace the electrolyte in the electrolyte shared chamber and the inner cavity of each single battery.
- FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cover plate assembly provided with a flexible gasket
- FIG. 6 is a partial structural diagram of the cylinder.
- FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 3.
- FIG8 is a front view of a large-capacity battery of Example 3.
- FIG9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A of FIG8 ;
- FIG10 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 3.
- FIG11 is an enlarged view of the local structure of the cylinder in Example 3.
- FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 4 (without the upper cover);
- FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure of Example 4.
- FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cover plate assembly provided with a flexible gasket
- Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the local structure of the cylinder in Example 4.
- FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a large-capacity battery with the upper cover removed;
- FIG18 is a cross-sectional view of a large-capacity battery of Example 5.
- FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top plate
- FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder in a large-capacity battery in Example 5;
- FIG21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 6;
- FIG22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder in a large-capacity battery in Example 6;
- FIG23 is a cross-sectional view of a large-capacity battery of Example 6;
- FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom plate in a large-capacity battery.
- FIG25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 7.
- FIG26 is an exploded view of a large-capacity battery in Example 7.
- Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure in Example 7.
- FIG28 is a schematic diagram of a lower cover structure in Example 7.
- FIG29 is a schematic diagram of another lower cover structure in Example 7.
- Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure in Example 8.
- FIG31 is a cross-sectional view of a large-capacity battery of Example 8.
- FIG32 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the upper cover plate and the sealing connector in Example 8.
- FIG33 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-capacity battery in Example 9;
- FIG34 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid replenishment component in Example 9;
- FIG35 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder with a fluid replenishment member fixed thereto in Example 9;
- FIG36 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder in Example 9;
- FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing large-capacity battery.
- the reference numerals are as follows: 100-box, 200-battery unit; 1- cylinder, 2- cover assembly, 3- electrode assembly, 4- heat transfer tube, 5- plate body, 6- positive pole, 7- negative pole, 8- total positive terminal, 9-total negative terminal, 10-groove, 11-through hole, 12-first partition, 13-placement area, 14-explosion relief part, 15-liquid injection and replacement interface, 16-second partition, 17-upper cover, 18-chamber, 19-flexible gasket, 20-step surface, 21-first plane, 22-second plane; 23-upper cover, 24-first through hole, 25-hollow tube, 26-electrolyte storage chamber, 27-third plane; 28-adapter column, 29-annular blind groove, 30-annular protrusion, 31-second through hole, 32-adapter block, 3 3-card slot, 34-bottom plate, 35-pad, 36-electrolyte channel, A-gap; 37-upper cover assembly, 38-lower cover, 39-upper cover, 40-electroly
- orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside” in the text are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the technical solution.
- first, second or third are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
- install, connect, connect should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
- install, connect, connect should be understood in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
- the basic design idea of the present invention is:
- N battery cells are arranged in a box to form a large-capacity battery.
- the N electrode assemblies of the large-capacity battery are in an electrolyte system, which not only ensures that the large-capacity battery has a large capacity, but also avoids the problem of reduced cycle life of the existing battery module due to the consistent consumption of electrolyte and lithium ions in each single battery.
- the large-capacity battery of this embodiment includes a housing 100 and N battery cells 200 , where N ⁇ 2.
- N 10.
- the number of N can be increased according to actual conditions.
- the box body 100 includes a barrel 1, and the battery unit 200 includes a cover assembly 2 and an electrode assembly 3;
- the upper end of the cylinder 1 is open; the cylinder 1 can be made by casting, stamping, extrusion or 3D printing;
- the sum of the widths of the N cover plate assemblies 2 should be adapted to the size of the open end of the cylinder 1 in the first direction, and the length of the cover plate assembly 2 should be adapted to the size of the open end of the cylinder 1 in the second direction, so as to ensure that the N cover plate assemblies 2 can seal the cylinder 1.
- the cover plate assembly 2 can be fixed to the open end of the cylinder 1 by welding, or by a sealant combined with screws. However, compared with the latter, the welding method is simpler to operate and has higher sealing performance and reliability.
- the first direction mentioned above is the length direction of the cylinder, that is, the X direction in FIG. 1 ; the second direction is the width direction of the cylinder, that is, the Y direction in FIG. 1 .
- each cover plate assembly 2 includes a plate body 5 and a positive electrode column 6 and a negative electrode column 7 insulated and fixed on the plate body; the cover plate assembly is similar in structure to the upper cover assembly of the commercially available finished square single lithium battery, and is different from the upper cover assembly of the commercially available finished square single lithium battery in that the cover plate assembly is not provided with an explosion-proof membrane and a liquid injection portion.
- the price may be lower than the price of existing finished standard parts of the upper cover assembly.
- N electrode assemblies 3 are evenly arranged inside the closed box along the first direction of the cylinder, and each electrode assembly 3 corresponds to a cover assembly 2 above, and the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet of the electrode assembly 3 are electrically connected to the positive electrode column and the negative electrode column on the cover assembly respectively;
- the electrode assembly 3 is a multi-layer electrode sheet made by winding or stacking, and each layer of the electrode sheet includes a positive electrode sheet, a diaphragm and a negative electrode sheet.
- the positive poles 6 on each cover plate assembly 2 are electrically connected to form a total positive terminal 8, and the negative poles 7 on each cover plate assembly are electrically connected to form a total negative terminal 9; the total positive terminal 8 and the total negative terminal 9 exchange heat with an external temperature control device through at least one heat transfer tube 4; the sealed box contains electrolyte.
- the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal can be formed in the following three ways;
- All positive poles 6 can be electrically connected through a plurality of first cables to form a total positive terminal 8
- all negative poles 7 can be electrically connected through a plurality of second cables to form a total negative terminal 9;
- All positive poles 6 are electrically connected through a plurality of first electrical connection plates to form a total positive terminal 8
- all negative poles 7 are electrically connected through a plurality of second electrical connection plates to form a total negative terminal 9;
- All positive poles 6 are electrically connected to form a total positive terminal 8 through a first electrical connection plate having a length equivalent to the length of the cylinder, and all negative poles 7 are electrically connected to form a total negative terminal 9 through a second electrical connection plate having a length equivalent to the length of the cylinder;
- the first electrical connection plate is usually made of a relatively inexpensive and flexible aluminum plate or copper plate.
- the heat transfer tube can be made in the following ways:
- An aluminum tube is bent into a U-shaped structure, and two parallel tube sections are used to cooperate with the total positive terminal 8 and the total negative terminal 9 respectively, so as to realize the heat exchange between each electrode assembly and the external temperature control device, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the aluminum tube are located on the same side;
- the transmission medium in the aluminum tube can be water, insulating oil or fluorinated liquid; or two aluminum tubes can be used to cooperate with the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal respectively.
- the cored heat pipe is an evaporation-condensation type heat exchange device, which realizes heat transfer by the state change of the working fluid in the pipe.
- aluminum tubes are preferably selected as heat transfer tubes. If the insulation between the heat transfer tubes and the poles can be effectively ensured, water can be preferably used as the heat transfer medium flowing in the aluminum tube from the aspects of heat transfer efficiency and cost.
- the heat transfer tube 4 cooperates with the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal in the following two ways:
- a groove 10 perpendicular to the axial direction of the positive pole 6 and the negative pole 7 is provided, and a heat transfer tube 4 is clamped in the groove 10 of all positive poles 6 or the groove 10 of the negative pole 7.
- the cross section of the groove 10 is preferably C-shaped, and the open end of the C-shape has a certain flexibility to tightly clamp the heat transfer tube therein;
- a through hole 11 is provided on each of the positive electrode column 6 and the negative electrode column 7, and the heat transfer tube 4 is inserted into the through holes 11 of all the positive electrode columns 6 or the through holes 11 of all the negative electrode columns 7 by means of transition fit or interference fit;
- the groove 10 is easier to install the heat transfer tube 4 than the through hole 11 method.
- the through hole 11 has a larger contact area between the heat transfer tube and the pole than the groove 10, and the heat transfer effect is better.
- insulation must be maintained between the heat transfer tube 4 and the total positive terminal 8, and between the heat transfer tube 4 and the total negative terminal 9.
- the insulation can be maintained by oxidizing the heat transfer tube or providing an insulating layer in the area where the heat transfer tube contacts the pole.
- the first partition 12 is provided for the following four purposes:
- Purpose 1 After the first partition 12 is set, it is convenient to weld the cover plate assembly 2 to the open end of the cylinder 1.
- the four sides of each cover plate assembly 12 can be welded to the upper edges of the two side walls in the first direction of the cylinder 1 and the upper edges of two adjacent first partitions 12 to achieve a fixed seal.
- the edges in the width direction of the cover plate assembly 2 can also be directly welded to the upper edges of the two side walls in the first direction of the cylinder 1, and then the edges in the length direction of the two adjacent cover plate assemblies 2 can be directly welded and sealed.
- the sealing and reliability of the welding are higher.
- Purpose 2 The provision of the first separator 12 can avoid the short circuit problem that may be caused by the swelling of the two electrode assemblies, and is safer;
- Purpose three The heat of the electrode assembly can be directly transferred to the cylinder 1 through the first partition 12, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the electrode assembly.
- Purpose 4 The provision of the first partition 12 can enhance the overall strength of the cylinder, thereby making the cylinder more capable of bearing pressure.
- the first partition 12 can be arranged in the cylinder 1 by integral molding, or can be fixed in the cylinder 1 by welding. From the perspective of facilitating processing and controlling costs, this embodiment chooses to arrange the first partition in the cylinder by integral molding.
- the placement areas 13 may be interconnected by opening a larger-diameter channel at the bottom of each first separator 12 to ensure that each electrode assembly is in the same electrolyte system, or by opening multiple through holes on each first separator 12 to ensure that each electrode assembly is in the same electrolyte system.
- the sealed box of the large-capacity battery is also provided with an explosion relief part 14, which can be a commercially available explosion relief valve or an explosion relief membrane fixedly sealed on a pipe.
- a liquid injection and replacement interface 15 is also provided on the sealed box of the large-capacity battery.
- the liquid injection and replacement interface 15 By providing the liquid injection and replacement interface 15 and cooperating with the external liquid injection and replacement equipment, it is not only convenient to inject liquid into the battery in the initial stage, but also can be used to ensure the cycle life of the large-capacity battery by replenishing electrolyte or lithium additives or replacing the electrolyte as a whole when the battery capacity decays to a certain extent. It should be noted that the interface needs to remain blocked during the operation of the battery to ensure the sealing of the large-capacity battery.
- Step 1 Prepare the battery cell
- the cover plate assembly 2 and the electrode assembly 3 are connected to form a battery unit by welding;
- Step 2 Install the battery cells and form a sealed box
- Step 3 Install the heat transfer tube
- Two parallel sections of a U-shaped heat transfer tube 4 are respectively installed in the grooves 10 or through holes 11 of all positive poles 6 and all negative poles 7;
- Step 5 Assembly of the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal
- All positive poles 6 are electrically connected to form a total positive pole terminal 8, and all negative poles 7 are electrically connected to form a total negative pole terminal 9; the total positive pole terminal 8 is actually the positive pole of the large-capacity battery, and the total negative pole terminal 9 is actually the negative pole of the large-capacity battery;
- the large-capacity battery manufacturing process of the present invention needs to perform capacity separation and sorting operations on each single battery.
- multiple electrode assemblies are directly installed in a sealed box, and each electrode assembly is placed in a unified electrolyte system, without the need for capacity separation and sorting, thereby improving the capacity of large-capacity batteries and also improving the battery manufacturing efficiency.
- At least one second partition 16 and an upper cover 17 are further provided in the cylinder 1.
- a chamber 18 with an open upper end can be formed between the second partition 16 and the side wall of the cylinder 1.
- the upper cover 17 is fixed to the top of the chamber 18 by welding.
- the large-capacity battery can have more sufficient electrolyte in the chamber, and the chamber needs to be connected with each placement area. Such a design is helpful to improve the cycle life of the large-capacity battery.
- the upper cover 17 can be integrally formed with the plate body 5, thereby sealing the open end of the cylinder and the top of the chamber at one time, reducing the welding process.
- a circle of flexible gaskets 19 are arranged on the plate body 5 of the cover plate assembly 2 near the four edges, and the open end surface of the placement area 13 is a step surface 20, the first plane 21 of the step surface 20 is welded to the plate body 5, and the second plane 22 of the step surface 20 is matched with the flexible gasket 19; the first plane 21 is located above the second plane 22.
- the total positive terminal and the total negative terminal can be formed in the following three ways;
- the positive terminals of all the single cells can be electrically connected through a plurality of first cables to form a total positive terminal, and the negative terminals of all the single cells can be electrically connected through a plurality of second cables to form a total negative terminal;
- the positive terminals of all the single cells are electrically connected through a plurality of first electrical connection plates to form a total positive terminal, and the negative terminals of all the single cells are electrically connected through a plurality of second electrical connection plates to form a total negative terminal;
- the first electrical connection plate and the second electrical connection plate are usually made of aluminum plates or copper plates which are relatively inexpensive and have good flexibility.
- the bottom of the shell of the N single cells is provided with a second through hole 31 to ensure that the electrolyte areas of each single cell are connected to each other.
- the inner cavity of the box body is used as a shared chamber for connecting the electrolyte areas of each single cell.
- the large-capacity battery provided by this embodiment has stronger applicability and lower cost compared to existing large-capacity batteries.
- a liquid injection interface 15 is provided on the cylinder body, and the liquid injection interface 15 can be arranged near the bottom of the cylinder body 1, and the liquid injection interface 15 has the following multiple functions:
- An explosion relief valve is provided on the fluid injection and replacement interface 15. Once thermal runaway occurs, the explosion relief valve opens and the electrolyte is sprayed out first, and then the thermal runaway smoke is sprayed out. Since the electrolyte is sprayed out first, further expansion and spread of thermal runaway can be avoided, thereby improving the safety of large-capacity batteries.
- a plug directly used for sealing can also be provided on the liquid injection and replacement interface 15. However, compared with the above 1 and 2, although the sealing performance can be ensured, it does not help to improve the cycle life and safety.
- a number of commercially available square aluminum lithium-ion batteries are sorted by capacity, and the commercially available square aluminum lithium-ion batteries are sorted into different grades according to grade standards;
- the indicators of capacity sorting include internal resistance, capacity, thickness, voltage, etc., and in specific operations, screening can be performed by any one of the indicators or a combination of multiple indicators;
- Step 2 Install the adapter post
- Step 3 Unpack the battery
- a second through hole is opened at the bottom of 10 commercially available square aluminum lithium-ion battery shells;
- the so-called specific environment is a clean environment required for battery manufacturing, preferably an environment with a dew point standard of -25 to 40°C, a humidity of ⁇ 1%, a temperature of 23°C ⁇ 2°C, and a cleanliness level of 100,000;
- Step 4.2 A flexible gasket is placed on the second plane, and the top plate is fixed to the open end of the cylinder by screw connection. This process ensures that the polarity terminals of each square aluminum lithium-ion battery extend out of their corresponding first through holes;
- Step 4.3 injecting sealant into each first through hole and its corresponding polarity terminal; leaving the sealant to solidify, thereby completing the primary sealing of the large-capacity battery;
- Step 4.4 The top plate and the second plane of the open end of the cylinder are welded by welding, thereby completing the secondary sealing of the large-capacity battery;
- Step 4.5 electrically connecting 10 polarity terminals on one side of each single cell to form a total positive terminal of the large-capacity battery, and electrically connecting 10 polarity terminals on the other side of each single cell to form a total negative terminal of the large-capacity battery;
- the formation process is: after charging to 3.4V at a constant current of 0.1C, switch to a constant voltage of 3.4V and charge to a cut-off current of 0.01C, and let stand for 30 minutes;
- insulation must be maintained between the heat transfer tube and the total positive terminal, and between the heat transfer tube and the total negative terminal.
- the insulation can be maintained by oxidizing the heat transfer tube or providing an insulating layer in the area where the heat transfer tube contacts the pole.
- Purpose 2 The heat of the single battery can be directly transferred to the box body 1 through the first partition 12, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the single battery.
- the large-capacity battery of this embodiment includes a housing 100 and 10 battery cells connected in parallel and arranged in the housing 100; the battery cell 200 is a single battery;
- the single cells in this embodiment are commercially available square-shell cells, and the number is 10. In other embodiments, the number can be adjusted according to actual needs.
- the inner cavity of each single cell includes an electrolyte region and a gas region.
- the box body 100 in this embodiment is a rectangular shell.
- the length direction of the box body 100 is defined as the x direction
- the width direction is defined as the y direction
- the height direction is defined as the z direction;
- the box body 100 includes a cylinder 1 with open ends at both ends (that is, the port parallel to the xy plane is the open end) and a lower cover plate 38 and an upper cover plate assembly 37 respectively fixed on the two open ends of the cylinder 1 (that is, the lower cover plate 38 and the upper cover plate assembly 37 are both parallel to the yz plane).
- each single-cell battery accommodating cavity is used to place a single cell;
- two or more single cells may be placed in each single cell receiving cavity.
- the cylinder 1 and the first partition plate 12 are an integral piece and are processed by aluminum extrusion technology.
- the cylinder 1, the first partition 12 and the lower cover 38 can be an integral part, which can usually be processed by a casting process.
- the entire cylinder 1 has a certain draft angle, which needs to be corrected later.
- the first partition plate 12 and the cylinder 1 may be separate parts. Compared with this embodiment, corresponding matching structures need to be processed on the cylinder 1 or the first partition plate 12 .
- the electrolyte sharing chamber 40 mainly includes the following three structures:
- a groove extending along the length direction of the lower cover plate 38 is directly provided on the inner surface thereof to serve as an electrolyte channel, i.e., an electrolyte sharing chamber 40;
- the two ends of the electrolyte channel parallel to the yz plane are closed ends, that is, in the x direction, the size of the electrolyte channel is smaller than the size of the lower cover plate 38; the corresponding electrolyte channel can be directly formed on the upper surface of the lower cover plate 38 by milling or casting.
- the lower cover plate 38 is provided with a raised portion in the z direction, and an electrolyte channel extending in the x direction is provided on the raised portion, and the two ends of the electrolyte channel parallel to the yz plane are open ends. It should be noted that during operation, the two open ends of the electrolyte channel (the open ends parallel to the yz plane) need to be blocked to prevent the external environment from affecting the electrolyte in the inner cavity of each single battery.
- At least two support ribs 41 extending along the x direction are provided on the inner surface of the lower cover plate 38, and the two support ribs 41 and the area of the lower cover plate 38 between the two support ribs 41 constitute an electrolyte channel extending along the x direction. It should be noted that during operation, the openings at both ends of the electrolyte channel (the openings parallel to the yz plane) need to be blocked to prevent the external environment from affecting the electrolyte in the inner cavity of each single cell.
- electrolyte sharing chamber 40 as an electrolyte containing chamber is connected with the electrolyte area of each single battery cavity to ensure that the electrolyte in the entire large-capacity battery does not contact the external environment.
- the upper cover assembly 37 of the present embodiment includes 10 upper cover plates 39, and the 10 upper cover plates 39 correspond one-to-one to the 10 single cell accommodating cavities, and are used to seal the top open ends of the corresponding single cell accommodating cavities;
- the shape of the upper cover plate 39 is adapted to the shape of the top open end of the single cell accommodating cavity, and the area can be slightly larger than the area of the top open end of the single cell accommodating cavity, and it is fixed to the top open end of the single cell accommodating cavity by fusion welding; the area can also be slightly smaller than the area of the top open end of the single cell accommodating cavity, and it is fixed to the top open end of the single cell accommodating cavity by embedding welding.
- each upper cover plate 39 is provided with a first through hole 24 corresponding to the polarity terminal of the corresponding single cell; the polarity terminal of the single cell extends out of the first through hole 24, and the upper cover plate 39 area corresponding to the first through hole 24 is fixedly sealed with the single cell housing.
- an independent upper cover plate 39 is fixed to the open end of each single cell accommodating cavity.
- Each upper cover plate 39 can be directly pressed onto the corresponding single cell upper cover, and the upper cover plate 39 area around the first through hole 24 can be welded to the single cell upper cover to achieve sealing.
- the above-mentioned large-capacity battery can be assembled specifically through the following process:
- Step 1 Processing the box 100, including the cylinder 1, the lower cover plate 38 and each upper cover plate 39;
- the cylinder 1 of this embodiment is a shell with open top and bottom ends; it can be formed by aluminum extrusion process, and the first partition plate 12 can be formed in one piece; each upper cover plate 39 can be formed by casting process; based on the structure of the electrolyte shared chamber 40, the lower cover plate 38 can be processed by different processes. If the electrolyte shared chamber 40 of the first structure is adopted, the lower cover plate 38 can be formed by casting process. If the electrolyte shared chamber 40 of the second structure is adopted, the lower cover plate 38 can be formed by aluminum extrusion process.
- the electrolytes in the inner cavities of each single cell are connected through the electrolyte shared chamber 40.
- the electrolyte can be injected into the electrolyte shared chamber 40 to ensure the continuity of the electrolyte.
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Abstract
一种大容量电池及其制作方法,该大容量电池包括箱体(100)、N个电池单元(200)以及电解液,N≥2;N个电池单元(200)设置于箱体(100)内,箱体(100)的顶部具有总正极端子(8)以及总负极端子(9);箱体(100)内盛装有电解液,N个电池单元(200)处于一个电解液体系下。通过将多个电池单元(200)安装在一个具有电解液的箱体(100)内,使得各电池单元(200)处于统一的电解液体系下,确保了各个电池单元(200)的均一性,继而提高了大容量电池的循环寿命。
Description
本发明属于电池领域,具体涉及一种大容量电池及其制作方法。
近几年来,锂离子电池的应用越来越广泛,重要用于水力、火力发电、风力发电和太阳能发电等能源储存系统,以及电动工具、电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车、特种装备、特种航天等。
为了满足大容量的使用场景,现有具有大容量的电池是将多个成品单体电池通过并联、串联或串并联结合的方式组成电池模组。串联连接的电池模组可以增加总电压,而并联连接的电池模组可以增加总容量。
但是无论上述那种方式,现有的电池模组中各单体电池自身存在差异,使得电池模组运行一段时间后各单体电池的电解液和锂离子的消耗量出现差异,各单体电池的均一性较差,进而会直接导致电池模组的循环寿命受限,因此如何确保大容量的前提下,提升电池模组中各单体电池的均一性成为了该领域研究的重点和难点。
为了解决现有电池模组中各单体电池的均一性差的问题,本发明提供了一种大容量电池。
该大容量电池包括箱体、N个电池单元以及电解液,N≥2;N个电池单元设置于箱体内,箱体的顶部具有总正极端子以及总负极端子;箱体内盛装有电解液,N个电池单元处于一个电解液体系下。
本发明通过将多个电池单元安装在一个具有电解液的箱体内,使得各电池单元处于统一的电解液体系下,确保了各个电池单元的均一性,继而提高了大容量电池的循环寿命。
进一步地,大容量电池的结构主要具有以下几种:
第一种大容量电池中,箱体包括筒体,电池单元包括盖板组件以及电极组件;
筒体的上端为敞口;
N个电池单元中的盖板组件沿筒体的第一方向均匀固定于筒体的敞口端,从而构成了一个密闭箱体;每个盖板组件均包括板本体以及绝缘固定于板本体上的正极柱和负极柱;
N个电池单元中的电极组件沿筒体的第一方向均匀设置于所述密闭箱体内部,每个电极组件上方均对应于一个盖板组件,且电极组件的正极片、负极片分别与盖板组件上的正极柱、负极柱电连接;
各盖板组件上的正极柱电连接构成总正极端子,各盖板组件上的负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;总正极端子和总负极端子通过至少一根传热管与外部温控装置进行热交换。
第二种大容量电池中,箱体包括顶部敞口的筒体以及固定在筒体敞口端的上盖;上盖开设有2N个第一通孔;
电池单元包括盖板组件与盖板组件连接的电极组件;盖板组件包括板本体、绝缘固定于板本体上的正极柱、负极柱;
N个电池单元通过各自对应的盖板组件和筒体配合后沿筒体的长度方向均匀布置,并且各盖板组件的正极柱、负极柱分别通过对应的所述第一通孔伸出上盖;每个第一通孔和与之对应的正极柱、负极柱之间需保持密封;
各正极柱通过电连接构成总正极端子,各负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;总正极端子和总负极端子通过至少一根传热管与外部温控装置进行热交换。
第一种和第二种大容量电池通过将N个电池单元放置入一个上端敞口的筒体内,利用电池单元的N个盖板组件或上盖将筒体的敞口端进行密封,所有电极组件处于一个电解液体系内,因此,该大容量电池避免了现有电池模组中各单体电池的电解液和锂离子消耗存在差异的问题,确保了大容量电池的使用寿命,并且各电极组件处于一个气压体系下,与现有电池模组相比也解决了各单体电池运行一段时间后各单体电池内压也会有所差异而导致的电池模组性能受到影响的问题,同时,也解决了现有电池模组由于某一单体电池中气压过大而导致热失控问题发生的概率,提升了大容量电池的安全性。
另外,通过安装在总正极端子和总负极端子的传热管可直接将各电极组件的温度传递至外部温控装置,降低了电极组件过热会影响大容量电池性能的问题,更为重要的是通过直接对各电极组件的直接温控降低了热失控发生的概率;同时,传热管可在大容量电池制作时,直接对各个电极组件进行加热以控制电极组件内的含水量,相比传统的真空烘烤方式来说,无需专门的真空烘烤箱,降低了大容量电池的制作成本,同时还提升了大容量电池的制作效率。
第一种大容量电池和第二种大容量电池结构方面具有以下优化设计:
1、第一种大容量电池和第二种大容量电池中,为了确保电池单元能够可靠的定位于箱体内,同时各电极组件运行过程中发生鼓胀后相互接触可能存在的短路风险,箱体沿其长度方向间隔设置有N-1个第一隔板,将箱体分割为N个电极组件的放置区,且N个放置区之间相互连通。
2、第一种大容量电池结构中为了弥补由于各板本体和/或每个放置区敞口端在加工时造成盖板组件放置后,板本体上表面高低不平的问题,所述盖板组件的板本体上靠近四周边沿设置一圈柔性垫圈,所述放置区的敞口端端面呈台阶面,所述台阶面的第一平面和板本体焊接,台阶面的第二平面和柔性垫圈配合;第一平面位于第二平面上方。
第二种大容量电池结构中为了方便上盖对筒体的密封,同时利用电池单元的定位安装,同时为了弥补由于各板本体和/或每个放置区敞口端在加工时造成,对盖板组件点焊定位时,板本体上表面高低不平的问题,上述盖板组件的板本体上靠近四周边沿设置一圈柔性垫圈,放置区的敞口端呈台阶面结构,包括第一平面、低于第一平面的第二平面以及低于第二平面的第三平面;所述上盖焊接于所述第一平面,盖板组件的板本体与所述第二平面点焊固定,柔性垫圈与第三平面相配合。
3、第二种大容量电池结构中上述各第一通孔的周边区域和与之对应的盖板组件的板本体通过激光熔焊方式固定密封。
4、第一种大容量电池和第二种大容量电池中,正极柱和负极柱均设置有凹槽或贯通孔,用于装夹传热管。
5、第一种大容量电池和第二种大容量电池中,为了同时兼顾传热管热传导效率,同时确保安装的可靠性,上述传热管为铝制水冷管,并且为了确保安全性,铝制水冷管和凹槽之间,或铝制水冷管和贯通孔之间需保持绝缘。
6、第一种大容量电池和第二种大容量电池中,上述箱体上设置有泄爆部。通过设置该泄爆部可以在大容量电池发生热失控时及时释放热失控烟气,避免更严重的事故发生,同时箱体上设置有注换液接口,通过设置注换液接口不仅方便了对电池初始阶段的注液,同时也能利用该接口在电池容量衰减到一定程度可通过给大容量电池补充电解液或者补锂添加剂或者整体更换电解液等能提升或保持容量的方式来确保大容量电池的循环寿命。
7、第一种大容量电池中,为了提升大容量电池的循环寿命,大容量电池还包括至少一个第二隔板和上封盖,第二隔板竖直安装于筒体内,第二隔板与筒体侧壁之间构成上端开口的腔室,且该腔室与放置区贯通,腔室的上方开口端通过上封盖密封,其内部盛装有电解液。
第二种大容量电池中,为了提升大容量电池的循环寿命,大容量电池还包括至少一个第二隔板,第二隔板、筒体的侧壁、以及上盖之间形成一个电解液存储腔室,且该电解液存储腔室与放置区贯通。
8、第一种大容量电池和第二种大容量电池中,上述筒体的四个侧壁上均设置有呈中空结构的加强筋。该加强筋的增设提升了筒体的强度,同时中空结构的加强腔还可作为风冷通道和液冷通道使用,可提升大容量电池的温控能力。
第一种大容量电池的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
制备电池单元
利用焊接的方式使盖板组件和电极组件连接成一个电池单元;
安装电池单元并形成密封箱体
将N个电池单元从筒体的敞口端放入筒体内,然后将每个电池单元中的盖板组件通过焊接的方式密封固定于筒体的敞口端,筒体和N个盖板组件组成了一个密封箱体;
安装传热管
将至少一根传热管与进行配合;
除水
利用传热管对各个电极组件进行加热以降低电极组件中水含量;
总正极端子和总负极端子的装配
将所有正极柱电连接构成总正极端子,将所有负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;
注液、化成、老化。
第二种大容量电池的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
制备电池单元
利用焊接的方式使盖板组件和电极组件连接成一个电池单元;
安装上盖和电池单元
将N个电池单元从筒体的敞口端放入筒体内,N个电池单元沿筒体的第一方向依次布置,并利用电池单元的盖板组件和筒体配合实现对电池单元的固定;
上盖放置在N个电池单元上,每个电池单元的正极柱、负极柱通过与之对应的第一通孔伸出上盖,之后将上盖和筒体敞口端固定密封,最后将第一通孔与之对应正极柱、负极柱之间的缝隙密封住;
安装传热管
将至少一根传热管与总正极端子、总负极端子进行配合;
除水
利用传热管对各个电极组件进行加热以降低电极组件中水含量;
总正极端子和总负极端子的装配
将所有正极柱电连接构成总正极端子,将所有负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;
注液、化成、老化。
第一种和第二种大容量电池的制作方法相比现有电池模组制作时为了保持电池模组初始状态时各单体电池的一致性相差较小,需要对各单体电池进行分容分选的操作,本发明中将多个电极组件直接安装在一个密封箱体内,并处于统一电解液体系内,无需进行分容分选的工作,提升了大容量电池容量同时还提高了电池的制作效率。
另外,第二种大容量电池的制作方法还具有以下特点,电池单元的盖板组件与筒体敞口端固定的方式为点焊。该点焊定位的方式比较易于操作,且定位比较可靠。
第二种大容量电池的制作方法中,上盖通过焊接的方式固定密封于筒体敞口端。
第二种大容量电池的制作方法中,第一通孔和正极柱、负极柱之间的缝隙保持密封的具体方式为:第一通孔的周边区域和与之对应的盖板组件的板本体通过激光熔焊方式固定密封。
第三种大容量电池结构,包括箱体包括筒体以及上盖;筒体顶部敞口,筒体的敞口设置有台阶面;台阶面包括第一平面以及低于第一平面的第二平面;筒体上设置有接口;上盖上设置有2N个第一通孔;上盖通过螺钉连接以及焊接结合的方式与所述第一平面配合,且上盖与所述第二平面之间设置有柔性垫圈;电池单元为单体电池,N个单体电池并排放置于箱体内,各个伸出对应的第一通孔且第一通孔与单体电池极性端子之间的间隙填充有密封胶;各单体电池中位于一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总正极端子,各单体电池中位于另一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总负极端子;N个单体电池的外壳底部设置有第二通孔,确保各单体电池的电解液区相互连通。
本发明的大容量电池通过将N个底部设置第二通孔的单体电池放置入一个上端敞口的筒体内,利用上盖将筒体的敞口端通过螺钉连接结合柔性垫圈的方式进行一次密封,再通过焊接的方式进行二次密封,所有单体电池处于一个电解液体系内,因此,该大容量电池避免了现有电池模组中各单体电池的电解液和锂离子消耗存在差异的问题,确保了大容量电池的使用寿命。
另外,本发明的箱体作为各单体电池的电解液共享腔室,相比现有大容量电池来说无需考虑插接同轴问题,对加工精度以及装配精度要求较低;同时无需专用工装,装配过程较为简单,大大降低了此类具有共享体系大容量电池的加工难度及加工成本。
再者,由于筒体上设置有接口,可以利用该接口对大容量电池执行补入电解液、更换电解液的操作,一定程度上可提升大容量电池的寿命,也可以在该接口上设置泄爆阀,以确保大容量电池的安全性。
第三种大容量电池结构方面具有以下优化设计:
1、为了使单体电池能够顺利的伸出顶板,单体电池极性端子包括单体电池的极柱以及焊接在极柱顶端的转接柱;转接柱沿其轴向开设有环形盲槽。转接柱的设置延长了单体电池原有极柱的长度,使其能顺利伸出顶板,另外,该转接柱的使用可以直接采用市售电池组装大容量电池,适应性较强,并且环形盲槽的设置为激光熔焊时的激光提供了传输通道,可使转接柱能够更好的熔焊在原有极柱上。
2、为了确保向第一通孔和对应的极性端子之间灌注密封胶时,密封胶具有良好的成型空间,上述顶板上对应每个第一通孔的位置设置有环形凸起。
3、极性端子还包括焊接于转接柱顶部的转接块,转接块上设置有用于装夹换热管的卡槽。本发明的通过安装换热管可直接将各单体电池的温度传递至外部温控装置,降低了单体电池过热会影响大容量电池性能的问题,更为重要的是本发明是通过对各单体电池极柱的直接散热进一步降低了热失控发生的概率。
4、为了确保单体电池能够可靠的定位于箱体内,筒体沿其长度方向间隔设置有N-1个隔板,从而将筒体分割为N个单体电池的放置区,且N个放置区之间相互连通。
5、上述箱体的底板内表面设置有两个沿单体电池排布方向延伸的垫板,两个垫板之间形成电解液通道,第一通道与每个单体电池的电解液区连通。垫板的设置可确保单体电池底部和箱体底部接触时的平面度,并且两个垫板之间构成电解液通道,可使每个单体电池的之间的电解液液面连续性更佳。
6、上述第一平面包括第一区域和第二区域;第一区域设置多个螺纹孔,所述第二区域作为与上盖板焊接的区域。
第三种大容量电池的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:分容分选
对若干市售的方形铝制锂离子电池进行分容分选,将市售的方形铝制锂离子电池按照等级标准分为不同等级;
步骤2:电池开包
在同一等级的市售的方形铝制锂离子电池中挑选出N个,在特定环境下,在N个市售的方形铝制锂离子电池外壳底部开设第二通孔;
步骤3:组装大容量电池
将形成第二通孔的N个市售的方形铝制锂离子电池放入筒体内;
第二平面上放置柔性垫圈,再通过螺钉连接的方式将顶板固定于筒体敞口端,该过程确保每个方形铝制锂离子电池的极性端子伸出各自对应的第一通孔;
在每个第一通孔和其对应的极性端子处灌注密封胶;
通过焊接的方式将顶板和筒体敞口端的第二平面进行熔焊;
将各单体电池中位于一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的第一极性极柱,各单体电池中位于另一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的第二极性极柱。
本发明的制作方法,相比现有大容量电池无需对单体电池进行二次开包,仅需在市售的方形铝制锂离子电池上直接开设第二通孔后放置筒体内,并对筒体密封即可完成具有共享电解液功能的大容量电池,操作简单,并且可以直接采用市售电池进行制作,适用性强。
另外,本发明通过螺纹连接结合柔性垫圈实现箱体的一次密封,采用熔焊的方式实现箱体的二次密封,相比现有大容量电池来说,箱体的密封性更强,并且一次密封后可确保熔焊时的杂质不会对大容量电池造成影响,保证了大容量电池的性能。
第三种大容量电池的制作方法还包括分容分选后在各市售的方形铝制锂离子电池原有极柱上焊接转接套的步骤。
第三种大容量电池的制作方法还包括步骤4:在转接套上焊接转接块,并安装换热管。
第四种大容量电池结构,箱体包括顶端敞口的壳体、n个隔板以及m个上盖板;其中n、m均为大于1的整数;壳体包括筒体以及下盖板,下盖板设有电解液共享腔室;电池单元为单体电池;n个隔板在筒体内沿同一方向排布,将筒体内腔划分为n-1个单体电池容纳腔;每个单体电池容纳腔内至少设置一个单体电池;各个单体电池内腔的电解液区和电解液共享腔室的内腔连通;m个上盖板一一对应固定在各个单体电池容纳腔的顶端敞口端;各个上盖板上对应各单体电池极性端子开设有第一通孔;各个单体电池极性端子伸出第一通孔,该第一通孔对应的上盖板区域与单体电池壳体固定密封。
本发明将多个单体电池置于具有电解液共享腔室的一个外壳内部,利用该电解液共享腔室和位于外壳内的各个单体电池内腔贯通,使得各单体电池电解液共享来保障各单体电池的一致性,即,将各单体电池的电解液连通,使所有单体电池的电解液处于同一体系下,减少了各单体电池之间的差异,一定程度上提升了各单体电池之间的一致性,从而一定程度上提升了大容量电池的循环寿命。
本发明共享腔室无需插接,在单体电池排布方向,无需考虑插接同轴问题,对加工精度以及装配精度要求较低;同时无需专用工装,装配过程较为简单,大大降低了此类具有共享体系大容量电池的加工难度及加工成本,可实现批量化生产。
本发明各个上盖板一一对应覆盖在各个单体电池容纳腔的敞口端。在各个上盖板上对应各单体电池极性端子开设有避让孔;各个单体电池极性端子伸出对应避让孔,该避让孔对应的上盖板区域与单体电池壳体固定密封。相对于将整块大盖板固定在壳体敞口端的方案,具有以下优点:
1、该上盖板更容易加工,平面度更容易确保;
2、本发明采用的上盖板对各个单体电池高度方向尺寸一致性要求较小,也就是说,当组成大容量电池的各个单体电池在高度方向尺寸偏差较大时,可以通过调节各个上盖板在单体电池容纳腔敞口端的位置,使单体电池极性端子伸出对应避让孔,将各个上盖板边沿与对应单体电池容纳腔敞口端内壁焊接,并密封极性端子与避让孔之间的缝隙;还可以基于各个上盖板的在厚度方向的形变,补偿各个单体电池在高度方向尺寸偏差,使单体电池极性端子伸出对应避让孔,将上盖板密封固定在对应单体电池容纳腔的敞口端,并密封极性端子与避让孔之间的缝隙;
3、在具有相同厚度的前提下,该上盖板与整块大盖板相比,具有较高的结构强度,因此,在保证一定的结构强度的前提下,可以适当的减小上盖板厚度,以降低整个大容量电池的重量,满足轻量化的使用需求。
第四种大容量电池结构方面具有以下优化设计:
1、每个单体电池容纳腔内设置一个单体电池。靠近中间部位的每个单体电池,其两侧的侧壁均和隔板接触,靠近最外侧的两个单体电池,其中一个侧壁和隔板接触,另一侧壁和筒体侧壁接触,各个单体电池充放电过程中产生的热量可以通过隔板传输至外部,降低热失控发生的风险;另外,在单体电池数量相同的条件下,相对于每个单体电池容纳腔内设置两个或两个以上单体电池的方案,筒体内具有较多的隔板,可以进一步提高筒体强度。
2、各个隔板上均开设贯通相邻单体电池容纳腔的开孔;各个单体电池壳体开设贯通单体电池内腔气体区的第二通孔,每个单体电池容纳腔内的单体电池气体区通过第二通孔以及开孔相互连通。通过气体连通实现各单体电池的气体平衡,也可以提升了大容量电池的性能和充放电循环寿命。
3、为了进一步地优化气体连通效果,第二通孔开设在单体电池上盖;在单体电池高度方向上,各个单体电池上盖与对应上盖板之间具有缝隙,开孔和缝隙直接贯通。
4、各个单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端内壁设台阶结构;各上盖板固定在台阶面上。
5、筒体与下盖板为分体件,筒体采用铝挤压工艺成型。
6、隔板与筒体为一体件,加工方便的同时,使得筒体具有好的结构强度。
7、壳体设补换液构件,用于向电解液共享腔室和各个单体电池内腔补入电解液,或更换电解液共享腔室和各个单体电池内腔的电解液。
8、补换液构件包括补换液构件主体、电解液流通管段以及封堵件;
补换液构件主体固定在壳体上,且补换液构件主体上开设有与壳体内腔贯通的第一通道和第二通道;第一通道和第二通道相互隔离,第一通道用于和壳体内腔的电解液区连通,第二通道用于和壳体内腔的气体区连通;
电解液流通管段的一端固定在补换液构件主体上,且与第一通道贯通;电解液流通管段的另一端与壳体内腔的电解液共享腔室连通;
封堵件用于从壳体外侧封堵第一通道和第二通道。
图1为实施例1的大容量电池结构示意图一;
图2为大容量电池去掉筒体后的结构示意图;
图3为实施例1的大容量电池结构示意图二;
图4为筒体的结构示意图;
图5为设置柔性垫圈的盖板组件结构示意图;
图6为筒体的局部结构图。
图7为实施例3的大容量电池的立体结构示意图一;
图8为实施例3的大容量电池的主视图;
图9为图8的A向剖视图;
图10为实施例3的大容量电池结构示意图二;
图11为实施例3中筒体的局部结构放大图;
图12为实施例4的大容量电池立体结构示意图(去掉上盖);
图13为实施例4的筒体结构示意图;
图14为设置柔性垫圈的盖板组件结构示意图;
图15为实施例4中筒体的局部结构放大图。
图16为实施例5大容量电池的结构示意图;
图17为去掉上盖的大容量电池局部结构示意图;
图18为实施例5大容量电池的剖视图;
图19为顶板的结构示意图;
图20为实施例5大容量电池中筒体的结构示意图;
图21为实施例6大容量电池的结构示意图;
图22为实施例6大容量电池中筒体的结构示意图;
图23为实施例6大容量电池的剖视图;
图24为大容量电池中底板的结构示意图。
图25为实施例7大容量电池的结构示意图;
图26为实施例7大容量电池的爆炸图;
图27为实施例7中筒体结构示意图;
图28为实施例7中一种下盖板结构示意图;
图29为实施例7中另一种下盖板结构示意图;
图30为实施例8中筒体结构示意图;
图31为实施例8大容量电池的剖视图;
图32为实施例8中上盖板与密封连接件的安装结构示意图;
图33为实施例9大容量电池的结构示意图;
图34为实施例9中补换液构件的结构示意图;
图35为实施例9中固定有补换液构件的筒体剖视图;
图36为实施例9中筒体的结构示意图;
图37为现有大容量电池的结构示意图。
附图标记如下:
100-箱体、200-电池单元;
1-筒体、2-盖板组件、3-电极组件、4-传热管、5-板本体、6-正极柱、7-负极柱、8-总正极端子、
9-总负极端子、10-凹槽、11-贯通孔、12-第一隔板、13-放置区、14-泄爆部、15-注换液接口、16-第二隔板、17-上封盖、18-腔室、19-柔性垫圈、20-台阶面、21-第一平面、22-第二平面;23-上盖、24-第一通孔、25-中空管、26-电解液存储腔室、27-第三平面;28-转接柱、29-环形盲槽、30-环形凸起、31-第二通孔、32-转接块、33-卡槽、34-底板、35-垫板、36-电解液通道、A-间隙;37-上盖板组件、38-下盖板、39-上盖板、40-电解液共享腔室、41-支撑筋、42-开孔、43-缝隙、44-台阶结构、45-密封连接件、46-补换液构件、47-补换液构件主体、48-电解液流通管段、49-封堵件、50-安装孔、51-第一通道、52-第二通道、53-气体管道、54-补换液构件安装空间;
01-子管路、02-中间连接管、03-单体电池下盖板。
100-箱体、200-电池单元;
1-筒体、2-盖板组件、3-电极组件、4-传热管、5-板本体、6-正极柱、7-负极柱、8-总正极端子、
9-总负极端子、10-凹槽、11-贯通孔、12-第一隔板、13-放置区、14-泄爆部、15-注换液接口、16-第二隔板、17-上封盖、18-腔室、19-柔性垫圈、20-台阶面、21-第一平面、22-第二平面;23-上盖、24-第一通孔、25-中空管、26-电解液存储腔室、27-第三平面;28-转接柱、29-环形盲槽、30-环形凸起、31-第二通孔、32-转接块、33-卡槽、34-底板、35-垫板、36-电解液通道、A-间隙;37-上盖板组件、38-下盖板、39-上盖板、40-电解液共享腔室、41-支撑筋、42-开孔、43-缝隙、44-台阶结构、45-密封连接件、46-补换液构件、47-补换液构件主体、48-电解液流通管段、49-封堵件、50-安装孔、51-第一通道、52-第二通道、53-气体管道、54-补换液构件安装空间;
01-子管路、02-中间连接管、03-单体电池下盖板。
下面将结合的附图,对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于以下实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
同时,需要说明的是,文中术语“顶、底、内和外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对技术方案的限制。此外,术语“第一、第二或第三”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
本发明中除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装、相连、连接”应做广义理解,例如:可以是固定连接、可拆卸连接或一体式连接:同样可以是机械连接、电连接或直接连接,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,也可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
本发明的基本设计思路是:
将N个电池单元设置于箱体内组成一个大容量电池,该大容量电池的N个电极组件处于一个电解液体系下,不仅确保了该大容量电池具有较大的容量,而且也避免了现有电池模组由于各单体电池内电解液和锂离子消耗一致,导致电池模组循环寿命降低的问题。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例的大容量电池包括箱体100以及N个电池单元200,N≥2,本实施例中N=10,当然也可根据实际情况增加N的数量;
箱体100包括筒体1,电池单元200包括盖板组件2以及电极组件3;
筒体1的上端为敞口;筒体1可通过铸造、冲压、挤压或3D打印的方式制作而成;
N个盖板组件2沿筒体的第一方向均匀固定于筒体1的敞口端,从而构成了一个密闭箱体;
具体来说,N个盖板组件2的宽度之和应适配筒体1敞口端在第一方向的尺寸,盖板组件2的长度应适配筒体1敞口端在第二方向的尺寸,从而确保N个盖板组件2能够密封住该筒体1。盖板组件2在筒体1敞口端的固定方式可以为焊接方式,或者是密封胶结合螺钉固定的方式,但是,相对于后者焊接方式进行固定密封的方式操作更加简单,且密封性和可靠性更高。
以上所谓第一方向为筒体的长度方向,即图1中的X方向;第二方向为筒体的宽度方向,即图1中的Y方向。
如图2所示,每个盖板组件2均包括板本体5以及绝缘固定于板本体上的正极柱6和负极柱7;盖板组件与市售成品方形单体锂电池的上盖组件结构类似,与市售成品方形单体锂电池的上盖组件不同在于,该盖板组件上未设置泄爆膜和注液部,当然也可选择在上盖组件成品标准件的厂家定制取消了泄爆膜和注液部的盖板组件作为本发明的盖板组件进行使用,大批量定制该盖板组件时,价格比现有上盖组件成品标准件价格可能更加低廉。
N个电极组件3沿筒体的第一方向均匀设置于所述密闭箱体内部,每个电极组件3上方均对应于一个盖板组件2,且电极组件3的正极片、负极片分别与盖板组件上的正极柱、负极柱电连接;电极组件3为多层极片通过卷绕或叠片方式制成,每层极片包括正极片、隔膜和负极片组成。
各盖板组件2上的正极柱6电连接构成总正极端子8,各盖板组件上的负极柱7电连接构成总负极端子9;总正极端子8和总负极端子9通过至少一根传热管4与外部温控装置进行热交换;密闭箱体内盛装有电解液。
其中,总正极端子和总负极端子的构成可采用以下三种方式;
1、所有正极柱6可通过多个第一线缆进行电连接构成总正极端子8,所有负极柱7通过多个第二线缆进行电连接构成总负极端子9;
2、通过多个第一电连接板将所有正极柱6电连接构成总正极端子8,通过多个第二电连接板将所有负极柱7电连接构成总负极端子9;
3、通过一个长度与筒体长度相当的第一电连接板将所有正极柱6电连接构成总正极端子8,通过一个长度与筒体长度相当的第二电连接板将所有负极柱7电连接构成总负极端子9;
为了兼顾导电性和可安装性,第一电连接板的材质通常选用价格较低柔性较好的铝板或者铜板制作。
传热管具体可采用以下几种方式:
1、采用一根铝制管折弯成U字形结构,利用两根平行的管段分别与总正极端子8、总负极端子9配合,从而实现各电极组件与外部温控装置的热交换,且该铝制管的进液口和出液口位于同侧;铝制管内传输介质可以是水、绝缘油或者氟化液;也可以采用两根铝制管分别与总正极端子、总负极端子配合。
2、采用两根有芯热管分别与总正极端子8、总负极端子9配合,从而实现各电极组件与外部温控装置的热交换,有芯热管是蒸发-冷凝型的换热设备,靠工质在管内的状态变化实现热量的传输。
由于有芯热管的传热效果受到有芯热管长度影响,在大容量电池中电极组件的数量较多(即大容量电池的长度较长时)有芯热管的使用就会受到限制,因此,在本实施例中优先选择铝制管作为传热管,若能有效确保传热管和极柱之间绝缘,从传热效率、成本等方面考虑,可优选水作为铝制管内流动的传热介质。
本实施例中,传热管4与总正极端子和总负极端子的配合方式具有以下两种方式:
如图3所示,正极柱6和负极柱7上均开设一个垂直于极柱轴向方向的凹槽10,将一根传热管4装夹于所有正极柱6的凹槽10中或负极柱7的凹槽10中,凹槽10的截面最好呈C字形,C字形的开口端具有一定的柔性可将传热管紧紧夹持其中;
3、如图1所示,正极柱6和负极柱7上均开设一个贯通孔11,将传热管4通过过渡配合或过盈配合穿设于所有正极柱6的贯通孔11或所有负极柱7的贯通孔11;
上述两种方式中,凹槽10相比贯通孔11方式来说传热管4安装比较容易,贯通孔11相比凹槽10的方式来说传热管和极柱的接触面积较大,传热效果更佳。
由于总正极端子8、总负极端子9带电,为了确保安全性,传热管4和总正极端子8之间、传热管4与总负极端子9之间必须保持绝缘,保持绝缘的方式可以是对传热管进行氧化处理,或者是在传热管与极柱接触的区域设置绝缘层。
需要再说明的一点是:如图4所示,在本实施例中,筒体1内沿第一方向间隔设置有N-1个第一隔板12,该第一隔板12的高度与筒体1内的高度一致,将筒体1分割为N个电极组件的放置区13,且N个放置区13之间相互连通,每相邻两个第一隔板12之间具有一个电极组件。
该第一隔板12的设置具有以下四点目的:
目的一:设置第一隔板12后方便盖板组件2在筒体1敞口端的焊接,具体焊接时可将每个盖板组件12的四周与筒体1第一方向的两个侧壁上沿,以及两个相邻第一隔板12的上沿焊接,以实现固定密封;在一些其他实施例中,也可直接将盖板组件2宽度方向边沿与筒体1第一方向的两个侧壁上沿焊接,再将相邻两个盖板组件2长度方向的边沿直接焊接密封,但是相对于本实施例设置第一隔板来进行焊接密封来说,焊接的密封性和可靠性更高。
目的二:第一隔板12的设置可避免两个电极组件发生鼓胀后可能导致的短路问题,安全性更高;
目的三:电极组件的热量可通过第一隔板12直接传到至筒体1上,提升了电极组件散热的效果。
目的四:第一隔板12的设置可提升筒体的整体强度,使得筒体的承压能力更强。
第一隔板12可以选择通过一体成型的方式设置于筒体1内,也可以通过焊接的方式固定于筒体1内,从便于加工和控制成本的角度出发,本实施例选择用一体成型的方式将第一隔板设置于筒体内。
放置区13之间相互连通的方式可以是在每个第一隔板12的底部开设一个口径较大的通道,确保各电极组件处于一个电解液体系下,也可以在每个第一隔板12上开设多个通孔,确保各电极组件处于一个电解液体系下。
为了以防大容量电池在极端情况下发生热失控时,能够及时将热失控烟气及时排出密封箱体内,避免更加严重危险事故的发生,该大容量电池的密闭箱体上还设置有泄爆部14,该泄爆部14可以市售的泄爆阀或者是一根固定密封于一根管件上的泄爆膜。
本实施例中,大容量电池的密闭箱体上还设置有注换液接口15,通过设置该注换液接口15与外部注换液设备配合不仅方便了对电池初始阶段的注液,同时也能利用该接口在电池容量衰减到一定程度可通过给大容量电池补充电解液或者补锂添加剂或者整体更换电解液等能提升或保持容量的方式来确保大容量电池的循环寿命。需要注意一点是:该接口在电池运行过程中需保持封堵状态,确保大容量电池的密封性。
基于上述大容量电池结构的介绍,现对该大容量电池的制作方法进行详细说明:
步骤1:制备电池单元
利用焊接的方式使盖板组件2和电极组件3连接成一个电池单元;
步骤2:安装电池单元并形成密封箱体
将N个电池单元从筒体1的敞口端放入筒体1内,然后将每个电池单元中的盖板组件2通过焊接的方式密封固定于筒体1的敞口端,筒体1和N个盖板组件2组成了一个密封箱体;
步骤3:安装传热管
将一根U字形的传热管4的两段平行的管段分别安装于所有正极柱6、所有负极柱7的凹槽10或贯通孔11内;
步骤4:除水
通过传热管将热量传递至各个电极组件进行加热,控制住电极组件中的含水量,使电极组件的含水量达到安全界定值,避免水与电解液接触后产生的氢氟酸对电池带来的损坏,除水过程中需要提供动态氮气负压,该负压可以即时将汽化形成的水蒸气带走;另外,该动态氮气负压环节还能够去除装配过程中密封箱体内的杂质,避免了杂质对箱体内电解液环境的影响,同时该负压状态,利于电解液顺利进入密封箱体内,也能易于电解液能够充分的浸润各电极组件;
步骤5:总正极端子和总负极端子的装配
将所有正极柱6电连接构成总正极端子8,将所有负极柱7电连接构成总负极端子9;总正极端子8实际为大容量电池的正极,总负极端子9实际为大容量电池的负极;
步骤6:注液
将注换液设备与注换液接口对接,向密封箱体内注入电解液,注入电解液的量需要每个电极组件的极片能够充分浸润电解液;
步骤7:化成
以0.1C恒流充电至3.4V后,转3.4V恒压充电至截至电流0.01C,静置30min;
再以0.1C恒流放电至2.5V,静置30min;
再以0.2C恒流充电至3.4V后,转3.4V恒压充电至截至电流0.01C,再静置30min。化成过程可让大容量电池中各电极组件上形成完整的SEI膜,使大容量电池具有更稳定的循环能力;
步骤8:老化
使大容量电池在温度40至50℃的环境下,搁置时间24至72h,从而完成大容量电池的老化处理,从而完成了大容量电池的制作。
本发明的大容量电池制作工艺相比现有电池模组制作时为了保持电池模组初始状态时各单体电池的一致性相差较小,需要对各单体电池进行分容分选的操作,本发明中将多个电极组件直接安装在一个密封箱体内,并使各电极组件处于统一电解液体系内,无需进行分容分选的工作,提升了大容量电池容量同时还提高了电池的制作效率。
实施例2
本实施例中大容量电池结构与实施例1的不同之处具有以下几点:
1、如图4所示,筒体1内还设置有至少一个第二隔板16和上封盖17,第二隔板16与筒体1的侧壁之间可形成一个具有上端敞口的腔室18,上封盖17通过焊接的方式固定于上述腔室18顶部,该腔室内可使大容量电池内具有更加充足的电解液,且腔室需要与每个放置区保持连通,这样的设计对提高大容量电池的循环寿命具有一定的帮助。
需要说明一点,在本实施例中上封盖17可以和板本体5一体成型,由此可一次性将筒体的敞口端和腔室的顶部密封住,减少了焊接工序。
2、如图5和图6所示,为了弥补由于各板本体和/或每个放置区敞口端在加工时造成盖板组件放置后,板本体上表面高低不平的问题,所述盖板组件2的板本体5上靠近四周边沿设置一圈柔性垫圈19,所述放置区13的敞口端端面呈台阶面20,所述台阶面20的第一平面21和板本体5焊接,台阶面20的第二平面22和柔性垫圈19配合;第一平面21位于第二平面22上方。
3、本实施例中注换液接口可以设计呈多功能接口,使其既可以和注换液设备对接,也可以和提供动态氮气负压的设备对接。
4、由于大容量电池内贮存有较多电解液,为了降低发生热失控时电解液会在箱体内大面积燃烧的概率,本实施例中优先选择将泄爆部设置在筒体靠近底部的位置处,一旦发生热失控时密封箱体内的电解液会首先被排出密封箱体外,之后热失控烟气再向外进行排放,继而可提升大容量电池的安全性。
5、筒体1的第一方向侧壁上,以及第二方向侧壁上均设置有呈中空结构的加强筋。该加强筋的增设提升了筒体的强度,同时中空结构的加强腔还可作为风冷通道和液冷通道使用,可进一步的提升大容量电池的温控能力。
实施例3
如图7和图8所示,本实施例的大容量电池包括箱体100以及N个电池单元200,N≥2,本实施例中N=10,当然也可根据实际情况增加N的数量;
箱体100包括顶部敞口的筒体1以及固定在筒体1敞口端的上盖23;筒体1可通过铸造、冲压、挤压或3D打印的方式制作而成;上盖23开设有2N个第一通孔24;
如图9所示,电池单元200包括盖板组件2与盖板组件2连接的电极组件3;盖板组件2包括板本体5、绝缘固定于板本体5上的正极柱6、负极柱7。
盖板组件2与市售成品方形单体锂电池的上盖组件结构类似,与市售成品方形单体锂电池的上盖组件不同在于,该盖板组件2上未设置泄爆膜和注液部,当然也可选择在上盖组件成品标准件的厂家定制取消了泄爆膜和注液部的盖板组件作为本发明的盖板组件进行使用,大批量定制该盖板组件时,价格比现有上盖组件成品标准件价格可能更加低廉。
电极组件3为多层极片通过卷绕或叠片方式制成,每层极片包括正极片、隔膜和负极片组成。
N个电池单元200电池单元通过各自对应的盖板组件2和筒体1配合后沿筒体1的长度方向均匀布置;
具体来说,上盖23和筒体1敞口端的固定密封方式,以及电池单元200中盖板组件2与筒体1固定的方式有以下几种:
1、上盖23的四周具有向下的翻边,利用盖板组件2中的板本体5与筒体1敞口端通过螺钉连接、或焊接的方式将电池单元固定于筒体1,然后再将上盖23扣合与筒体1敞口端,并将上盖23的四周的翻边与筒体1的四周侧壁上边缘焊接,继而实现上盖23和筒体1敞口端的固定密封,以及电池单元200固定安装。
2、如图10所示,上述筒体1的敞口端呈台阶面结构,包括第一平面21以及低于第一平面的第二平面22;所述上盖23焊接于所述第一平面21,盖板组件2的板本体5与所述第二平面22固定,继而实现上盖23和筒体1敞口端的固定密封,以及电池单元200固定安装。
上述两种方式中,盖板组件2与筒体1敞口端的固定方式,盖板组件2和第二平面22的固定可以为焊接、粘接、或者螺钉固定的方式,为了确保良好的可靠性和操作的简洁,优选点焊的方式进行固定。
各盖板组件2的正极柱6、负极柱7分别通过对应的所述第一通孔24伸出上盖;每个第一通孔24和与之对应的正极柱6、负极柱7之间需保持密封;
此处第一通孔24和与之对应的正极柱6、负极柱7之间密封的方式具有以下两种:
一是:如图7所示,直接将上盖23上每个第一通孔24周边的区域直接与该第一通孔24对应的盖板组件2的板本体5采用熔焊的方式密封固定。
二是:如图11所示,在盖板组件2的正极柱6、负极柱7上套设一个中空管25,中空管25的底部与盖板组件2的板本体5焊接,中空管25的顶部翻边后与上盖23上第一通孔24处对应的区域焊接,确保了箱体的密封性,之后再向中空管25和极柱之间的缝隙内填入绝缘胶或设置绝缘套的方式实现中空管与极柱之间的绝缘。
各盖板组件2上的正极柱6电连接构成总正极端子8,各盖板组件上的负极柱7电连接构成总负极端子9;总正极端子8和总负极端子9通过至少一根传热管4与外部温控装置进行热交换;箱体1内盛装有电解液。
其中,总正极端子、总负极端子、传热管的形态以及传热管与总正极端子、总负极端子的连接方式与实施例1相同,此处不在赘述;
需要再说明的一点是:如图13所示,在本实施例中,箱体内沿长度方向设置有N-1个第一隔板12,该第一隔板12的高度与筒体1内的高度一致,将箱体1分割为N个放置区13,且N个放置区13之间相互连通,每相邻两个第一隔板12之间具有一个电极组件3。
该第一隔板12的设置具有以下四点目的:
目的一:设置第一隔板12后方便盖板组件2在筒体1敞口端的焊接,具体焊接时可将每个盖板组件2的四周与筒体1长度方向的两个侧壁上沿,以及两个相邻第一隔板12的上沿点焊,以实现固定;
目的二:第一隔板12的设置可避免两个电极组件发生鼓胀后可能导致的短路问题,安全性更高;
目的三:电极组件的热量可通过第一隔板12直接传到至箱体1上,提升了电极组件散热的效果;
目的四:第一隔板12的设置可提升筒体1的整体强度,使得筒体的承压能力更强。
第一隔板12可以选择通过一体成型的方式设置于筒体1内,也可以通过焊接的方式固定于筒体1内,从便于加工和控制成本的角度出发,本实施例选择用一体成型的方式将第一隔板12设置于筒体1内。
放置区13之间相互连通的方式可以是在每个第一隔板12的底部设置一个口径较大的通道,确保各电极组件处于一个电解液体系下,也可以在每个第一隔板12上开设多个通孔,确保各电极组件处于一个电解液体系下。
如图7、图11所示,为了以防大容量电池在极端情况下发生热失控时,能够及时将热失控烟气及时排出密封箱体内,避免更加严重危险事故的发生,本实施例的大容量电池箱体上还设置有泄爆部14,该泄爆部14可以市售的泄爆阀或者是一根固定密封于一根管件上的泄爆膜。
如图7、图11所示,本实施例中,大容量电池的箱体上还设置有注换液接口15,通过设置该注换液接口15与外部注换液设备配合不仅方便了对电池初始阶段的注液,同时也能利用该接口在电池容量衰减到一定程度可通过给大容量电池补充电解液或者补锂添加剂或者整体更换电解液等能提升或保持容量的方式来确保大容量电池的循环寿命。需要注意一点是:该接口在电池运行过程中需保持封堵状态,确保大容量电池的密封性。
基于上述大容量电池结构的介绍,现对该大容量电池的制作方法进行详细说明:
步骤1:制备电池单元
利用焊接的方式使盖板组件2和电极组件3连接成一个电池单元200;
步骤2:安装上盖和电池单元
将N个电池单元200从筒体1的敞口端放入筒体1内,N个电池单元200沿筒体1的长度方向依次布置,并利用电池单元200的盖板组件2和筒体1配合实现对电池单元200的固定;
上盖23放置在N个电池单元200上,每个电池单元200的正极柱6、负极柱7通过与之对应的第一通孔24伸出上盖23,之后将上盖23和筒体1敞口端固定密封,最后将第一通孔24与之对应正极柱6、负极柱7之间的缝隙密封住;
步骤3:安装传热管
将一根U字形的传热管4的两段平行的管段分别安装于所有正极柱6、所有负极柱7的凹槽10或贯通孔11内;
步骤4:除水
通过传热管将热量传递至各个电极组件进行加热,控制住电极组件中的含水量,使电极组件的含水量达到安全界定值,避免水与电解液接触后产生的氢氟酸对电池带来的损坏,除水过程中需要提供动态氮气负压,该负压可以即时将汽化形成的水蒸气带走;另外,该动态氮气负压环节还能够去除装配过程中密封箱体内的杂质,避免了杂质对箱体内电解液环境的影响,同时该负压状态,利于电解液顺利进入密封箱体内,也能易于电解液能够充分的浸润各电极组件;
步骤5:总正极端子和总负极端子的装配
将所有正极柱6电连接构成总正极端子8,将所有负极柱7电连接构成总负极端子9;总正极端子8实际为大容量电池的正极,总负极端子9实际为大容量电池的负极;
步骤6:注液
将注换液设备与注换液接口对接,向密封箱体内注入电解液,注入电解液的量需要每个电极组件的极片能够充分浸润电解液;
步骤7:化成
以0.1C恒流充电至3.4V后,转3.4V恒压充电至截至电流0.01C,静置30min;
再以0.1C恒流放电至2.5V,静置30min;
再以0.2C恒流充电至3.4V后,转3.4V恒压充电至截至电流0.01C,再静置30min。化成过程可让大容量电池中各电极组件上形成完整的SEI膜,使大容量电池具有更稳定的循环能力;
步骤8:老化
使大容量电池在温度40至50℃的环境下,搁置时间24至72h,从而完成大容量电池的老化处理,从而完成了大容量电池的制作。
本发明的大容量电池制作工艺相比现有电池模组制作时为了保持电池模组初始状态时各单体电池的一致性相差较小,需要对各单体电池进行分容分选的操作,本发明中将多个电极组件直接安装在一个箱体内,并使各电解组件处于统一电解液体系内,无需进行分容分选的工作,提升了大容量电池容量同时还提高了电池的制作效率。
实施例4
本实施例中大容量电池结构如图12所示,与实施例3的不同之处具有以下几点:
1、如图13所示,箱体内还设置有至少一个第二隔板16,第二隔板16、筒体1的侧壁、以及上盖23之间可形成一个电解液存储腔室26,该电解液存储腔室26可使大容量电池内具有更加充足的电解液,且电解液存储腔室26需要与每个放置区13保持连通,这样的设计对提高大容量电池的循环寿命具有一定的帮助。
2、如图14和图15所示,为了弥补由于各板本体和/或每个放置区敞口端在加工时造成盖板组件2放置后,板本体5上表面高低不平的问题,上述盖板组件2的板本体5上靠近四周边沿设置一圈柔性垫圈19,放置区的敞口端呈台阶面结构,包括第一平面21、低于第一平面21的第二平面22以及低于第二平面22的第三平面27;所述上盖23焊接于所述第一平面21,盖板组件的板本体5与所述第二平面22点焊固定,柔性垫圈19与第三平面27相配合。
3、本实施例中注换液接口15可以设计呈多功能接口,使其既可以和注换液设备对接,也可以和提供动态氮气负压的设备对接。
4、由于大容量电池内贮存的电解液量较大,为了降低发生热失控时电解液会在箱体内大面积燃烧的概率,本实施例中优先选择将泄爆部设置在筒体靠近底部的位置处,一旦发生热失控时密封箱体内的电解液会首先被排出密封箱体外,之后热失控烟气再向外进行排放,继而可提升大容量电池的安全性。
5、筒体1的四个侧壁上均设置有呈中空结构的加强筋。该加强筋的增设提升了筒体的强度,同时中空结构的加强腔还可作为风冷通道和液冷通道使用,可进一步的提升大容量电池的温控能力。
实施例5
如图16至图20所示,本实施例的大容量电池包括箱体100以及N个电池单元200;N≥2;本实施例中N=10,当然也可根据实际情况增加N的数量;
本实施例中,箱体100包括筒体1以及上盖23;筒体1顶部敞口,筒体1的敞口设置有台阶面;台阶面包括第一平面21以及低于第一平面21的第二平面22;筒体1可通过铸造、冲压、挤压或3D打印的方式制作而成;
电池单元为单体电池;
上盖23通过螺钉连接以及焊接结合的方式与所述第一平面21配合,且上盖23与所述第二平面22之间设置有柔性垫圈19;具体来说,第一平面21包括第一区域和第二区域;第一区域设置多个螺纹孔,第二区域作为与上盖焊接的区域。上盖23扣合于筒体1敞口端时,利用螺钉将上盖固定在筒体敞口端,此时螺钉会给柔性垫圈19提供压力,使柔性垫圈19产生形变,从而实现了筒体1和上盖23的一次密封。
之后,利用熔焊的方式将上盖23和第二区域进行熔焊,从而完成筒体1和上盖23的二次密封。
如图18和图19所示,上盖23上设置有2N个第一通孔24;N个单体电池并排放置于箱体1内,各个伸出对应的第一通孔24且第一通孔24与单体电池极性端子之间的间隙A填充有密封胶;需要单体电池极性端子伸出顶板的目的主要是实现各单体电池极性端子电连接,由于单体电池极性端子需要从第一通孔24伸出,因此第一通孔24和单体电池极性端子之间具有间隙,本实施例中,采用密封胶灌注在此间隙内,继而实现密封,需要强调的是:为了使密封胶快速凝固实现该处的密封,并且避免密封胶和电解液发生反应,因此本实施例中采用环氧胶。
本实施例中,如图18所示,单体电池极性端子包括单体电池的极柱以及焊接在极柱顶端的转接柱28;转接柱28沿其轴向开设有环形盲槽29。转接柱28的设置延长了单体电池原有极柱的长度,使其能顺利伸出上盖23,另外,该转接柱28的使用可以直接采用市售电池组装大容量电池,适应性较强,并且环形盲槽29的设置为激光熔焊时的激光提供了传输通道,可使转接柱28能够更好的熔焊在原有极柱上。
为了确保密封胶层的厚度使得密封性更佳,本实施例中上盖23上对应每个第一通孔24的位置设置有环形凸起30,此处还需说明的是转接柱28的顶面需要延伸出环形凸起30。
各单体电池中位于一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总正极端子,各单体电池中位于另一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的负正极端子;
其中,总正极端子、总负极端子的构成可采用以下三种方式;
1、所有单体电池正极性端子可通过多个第一线缆进行电连接构成总正极端子,所有单体电池负极性端子通过多个第二线缆进行电连接构成总负极端子;
2、通过多个第一电连接板将所有单体电池正极性端子电连接构成总正极端子,通过多个第二电连接板将所有单体电池负极性端子电连接构成总负极端子;
3、通过一个长度与筒体长度相当的第一电连接板将所有单体电池正极性端子电连接构成总正极端子,通过一个长度与筒体长度相当的第二电连接板将所有单体电池负极性端子电连接构成总负极端子;
为了兼顾导电性和可安装性,第一电连接板、第二电连接板的材质通常选用价格较低柔性较好的铝板或者铜板制作。
N个单体电池的外壳底部设置有第二通孔31,确保各单体电池的电解液区相互连通。本实施例中箱体内腔作为各单体电池电解液区连通的共享腔室,相比现有大容量电池采用拼接式构成电解液共享通道,密封性更容易确保,共享电解液的量较大,进一地提升了大容量电池的循环寿命。
本实施例中,单体电池可直接采用市售的方形铝制锂离子电池,使用时仅需对市售的方形铝制锂离子电池进行以下两处改进:
1、在市售的方形铝制锂离子电池原有极柱上焊接转接柱28;
2、利用刀具在市售的方形铝制锂离子电池的底部第二通孔31。
由于可直接采用市售电池进行简单改造,相比现有大容量电池来说,本实施例提供的大容量电池适用性更强,成本更低。
另外,本实施例中,筒体上设置有注换液接口15,该注换液接口15可以设置在筒体1靠近底部的布置,且该注换液接口15具有以下多种功能:
1、利用该注换液接口15与注换液设备对接,对大容量电池执行补入电解液、更换电解液的操作,该补换液功能可提升大容量电池的循环寿命。
2、在该注换液接口15上设置泄爆阀,一旦发生热失控,泄爆阀开启电解液首先被喷出,之后热失控烟气被喷出,由于电解液首先被喷出,可避免热失控的进一步扩张蔓延,提升了大容量电池的安全性。
3、该注换液接口15上还可设置直接用于密封的堵头,但是相对上述1、2来说,虽然密封性能能够得以确保,但是对于提升循环寿命和安全性来说并没有任何的帮助。
本实施例的大容量电池的具体制作方法是:
步骤1:分容分选
对若干市售的方形铝制锂离子电池进行分容分选,将市售的方形铝制锂离子电池按照等级标准分为不同等级;分容分选的指标包括内阻、容量、厚度、电压等,具体操作时可通过其中任意一个指标或者多个指标组合的方式进行筛选;
步骤2:安装转接柱
在同一等级的市售的方形铝制锂离子电池中挑选出10个,在10个市售方形铝制锂离子电池的原有极柱上焊接转接柱(此处原有极柱+转接柱的结构为极性端子);
步骤3:电池开包
在特定环境下,在10个市售的方形铝制锂离子电池外壳底部开设第二通孔;所谓特定环境为制作电池时所需的洁净环境,优选为露点标准-25到40℃间、湿度≤1%、温度23℃±2℃、洁净度10万级的环境;
步骤4:组装大容量电池
步骤4.1:将形成第二通孔的10个市售的方形铝制锂离子电池放入筒体内;
步骤4.2:第二平面上放置柔性垫圈,再通过螺钉连接的方式将顶板固定于筒体敞口端,该过程确保每个方形铝制锂离子电池的极性端子伸出各自对应的第一通孔;
步骤4.3:在每个第一通孔和其对应的极性端子处灌注密封胶;静置待密封胶凝固,继而完成大容量电池的一次密封;
步骤4.4:通过焊接的方式将顶板和筒体敞口端的第二平面进行熔焊,继而完成大容量电池的二次密封;
步骤4.5:将各单体电池中位于一侧的10个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总正极端子,各单体电池中位于另一侧的10个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总负极端子;
步骤5;注液
将注换液设备与接口对接,向箱体内注入电解液;
为了确保大容量电池后期运行的可靠性,本实施例还可对注液后的大容量电池执行化成、老化的步骤。
具体来说,化成的过程是:以0.1C恒流充电至3.4V后,转3.4V恒压充电至截至电流0.01C,静置30min;
再以0.1C恒流放电至2.5V,静置30min;
再以0.2C恒流充电至3.4V后,转3.4V恒压充电至截至电流0.01C,再静置30min。化成过程可让大容量电池中各电极组件上形成完整的SEI膜,使大容量电池具有更稳定的循环能力。
老化过程具体是:老化温度50℃,老化时间48h,老化后可选择对大容量电池进行排气处理,排出化成后的废气,降低大容量电池的各单体电池发生鼓胀的概率。
实施例6
如图21至图24所示,本实施例与实施例5的结构类似,不同之处在于以下几点:
一、由于单体电池中热量最为集中的区域为单体电池的极柱,为了对极柱进行有效的温控,本实施例在转接柱28的顶部焊接一个转接块32,转接块32上设置有用于装夹传热管的卡槽33。本发明的通过安装传热管可直接将各单体电池的温度传递至外部温控装置,降低了单体电池过热会影响大容量电池性能的问题,更为重要的是本发明是通过对各单体电池极柱的直接散热进一步降低了热失控发生的概率,如图21和图23所示。
传热管具体可采用以下几种方式:
1、采用一根铝制管折弯成U字形结构,利用两根平行的管段分别与总正极端子、总负极端子配合,从而实现各单体电池与外部温控装置的热交换,且该铝制管的进液口和出液口位于同侧;铝制管内传输介质可以是水、绝缘油或者氟化液;也可以采用两根铝制管分别与总正极端子、总负极端子配合。
2、采用两根有芯热管分别与总正极端子、总负极端子配合,从而实现各单体电池与外部温控装置的热交换,有芯热管是蒸发-冷凝型的换热设备,靠工质在管内的状态变化实现热量的传输。
由于有芯热管的传热效果受到有芯热管长度影响,在大容量电池中单体电池的数量较多(即大容量电池的长度较长)时,有芯热管的使用就会受到限制,因此,在本实施例中优先选择铝制管作为传热管,若能有效确保传热管和极柱之间绝缘,从传热效率、成本等方面考虑,可优选水作为铝制管内流动的传热介质
由于总正极端子、总负极端子带电,为了确保安全性,传热管和总正极端子之间、传热管与总负极端子之间必须保持绝缘,保持绝缘的方式可以是对传热管进行氧化处理,或者是在传热管与极柱接触的区域设置绝缘层。
二、如图22、图23、图24所示,箱体1包括上盖23、筒体1和底板34;筒体1的顶部和底部均为敞口,上盖23和筒体1顶部敞口端的连接方式与实施例5一致,底板34通过焊接的方式与筒体1连接;本实施例中,底板34上内表面设置有两个沿单体电池排布方向延伸的垫板35,两个垫板35之间形成电解液通道36,电解液通道36与每个单体电池的电解液区连通。该垫板35的设计具有两个优点:
1、垫板35和单体电池的底面接触时,相比底板表面直接与单体电池底面接触平面度更容易确保,即单体电池极性端子伸出顶板时的高度能保持基本一致。
2、两个垫板35之间形成的电解液通道36,可使每个单体电池的之间的电解液液面连续性更佳(避免出现断液的情况)。
当然,该底板设置两个垫板的结构也同样适用于实施例1给出的仅顶部敞口的筒体,即筒体的底部内表面设置两个垫板。
三、如图22所示,在本实施例中,箱体1内沿长度方向设置有N-1个第一隔板12,该第一隔板12的高度与筒体内的高度一致,将筒体1分割为N个放置区13,且N个放置区13之间相互连通,每相邻两个第一隔板12之间具有一个单体电池。
该隔板的设置具有以下四点目的:
目的一、第一隔板12的设置可抑制单体电池发生鼓胀;
目的二:单体电池的热量可通过第一隔板12直接传到至箱体1上,提升了单体电池散热的效果。
目的三:第一隔板12的设置可提升筒体1的整体强度,使得筒体1的承压能力更强。
第一隔板12可以选择通过一体成型的方式设置于筒体1内,也可以通过焊接的方式固定于筒体内,还可通过插接的方式固定于筒体1内,从便于加工和控制成本的角度出发,本实施例选择用一体成型的方式将第一隔板12设置于筒体1内。
放置区13之间相互连通的方式可以是在每个第一隔板12的底部设置一个口径较大的通道,确保各电极组件处于一个电解液体系下,也可以在每个隔板上开设多个通孔,确保各电极组件处于一个电解液体系下。
实施例7
如图25和图26所示,本实施例大容量电池,包括箱体100以及排布在箱体100内的10个并联的电池单元;电池单元200为单体电池;
本实施例中的单体电池为市售方壳电池,数量为10个,在其他实施例中,数量可以根据实际需求进行调整。各个单体电池内腔包括电解液区和气体区。
本实施例中的箱体100为矩形壳体,为了便于描述,将箱体100的长度方向定义为x方向,宽度方向定义为y方向,高度方向定义为z方向;
如图26所示,箱体100包括两端为敞口端的筒体1(即与xy平面平行的端口为敞口端)以及分别固定在筒体1两个敞口端的下盖板38以及上盖板组件37(即下盖板38以及上盖板组件37均与yz平面平行)。
如图27所示,在筒体1内,沿x方向等间距排布9个第一隔板12,将筒体1内腔划分为体积相同的10个单体电池容纳腔;每个单体电池容纳腔用于放置一个单体电池;
在其它一些实施例中,每个单体电池容纳腔内可以放置两个或两个以上的单体电池。
本实施例中筒体1与第一隔板12为一体件,采用铝挤压工艺加工。
在其他一些实施例中,筒体1、第一隔板12与下盖板38可以为一体件,通常可以采用铸造工艺加工,但是相对于本实施例,整个筒体1存在一定的拔模斜度,后期需要进行修正。
在其他一些实施例中,第一隔板12与筒体1可以为分体件,相对于本实施例,还需要在筒体1或第一隔板12上加工相应的配合结构。
下盖板38上设有沿x方向延伸的电解液通道,作为电解液共享腔室40;
电解液共享腔室40主要包括以下三种结构:
1)、如图28所示,在下盖板38内表面直接开设沿其长度方向延伸的凹槽,作为电解液通道,即电解液共享腔室40;
该电解液通道与yz平面平行的两端为封闭端,即,在x方向,电解液通道的尺寸小于下盖板38尺寸;可利用铣削或者铸造方式在下盖板38上表面直接形成相应电解液通道。
2)、下盖板38向z方向设有一个凸起部,在凸起部上开设沿x方向延伸的电解液通道,该电解液通道与yz平面平行的两端为敞口端。需要说明的是,在运行过程中,需要封堵电解液通道两端敞口(与yz平面平行的敞口端),避免外部环境对各个单体电池内腔的电解液造成影响。
3)、如图29所示,在下盖板38内表面设置至少两条沿x方向延伸的支撑筋41,两条支撑筋41与位于两条支撑筋41之间的下盖板38区域构成沿x方向延伸的电解液通道。需要说明的是,在运行过程中,需要封堵电解液通道两端敞口(与yz平面平行的敞口端),避免外部环境对各个单体电池内腔的电解液造成影响。
此处需要说明的是,上述电解液共享腔室40作为电解液容纳腔,其与各个单体电池内腔的电解液区连通后,需要确保整个大容量电池中,电解液不与外界环境接触。
结合图25和图26可以看出,本实施例上盖板组件37包括10个上盖板39,10个上盖板39与10个单体电池容纳腔一一对应,用于密封对应单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端;上盖板39的形状与单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端形状相适配,面积可以略大于单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端面积,通过熔焊的方式将其固定在单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端;面积也可以略小于单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端面积,通过嵌焊的方式将其固定在单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端。
本实施例在每个上盖板39上开设与对应单体电池极性端子一一对应的第一通孔24;单体电池极性端子伸出第一通孔24,该第一通孔24对应的上盖板39区域与单体电池壳体固定密封。
本实施例在每个单体电池容纳腔敞口端固定一块独立的上盖板39,可以将各个上盖板39直接压紧在对应单体电池上盖上,将第一通孔24周边的上盖板39区域与单体电池上盖焊接即可实现密封。
上述大容量电池,具体可以通过以下过程进行装配:
步骤一、加工箱体100,包括筒体1以及下盖板38和各个上盖板39;本实施例筒体1为顶端和底端敞口的壳体;可采用铝挤压工艺成型,同时可一体成型第一隔板12;各个上盖板39可采用铸造工艺成型;基于电解液共享腔室40的结构,下盖板38可以采用不同的加工工艺,若采用第1)种结构的电解液共享腔室40,则下盖板38可以采用铸造工艺成型。如采用第2)种结构的电解液共享腔室40,则下盖板38可以采用铝挤压工艺成型。
步骤二、将带有电解液共享腔室40的下盖板38密封焊接在筒体1底部敞口端。
步骤三、分容分选,筛选满足要求的多个单体电池;在单体电池壳体底部开设第二通孔后利用密封组件密封;将多个第二通孔处具有密封组件的单体电池排布在步骤二构件的各个单体电池容纳腔内;需使得具有密封组件的第一通孔与电解液通道对应,确保利用外力或者电解液自身打开密封组件后,各个单体电池内腔电解液区和电解液共享腔室40贯通;
密封组件可以采用中国专利CN218525645U、CN218525614U公开的密封组件。
步骤四、将各个上盖板39密封焊接在对应单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端,各个单体电池极性端子伸出第一通孔24后,第一通孔24对应的上盖板39区域与单体电池壳体固定密封,可以将第一通孔24边沿与单体电池极性端子周边区域的单体电池壳体焊接实现密封;
在其他实施例中,下盖板38、上盖板39与筒体1还可以采用粘接或者螺钉连接方式实现固定,但是相对于焊接的方式,密封性或连接可靠性相对较弱。
步骤五、利用外力或者电解液自身打开密封组件,电解液共享腔室40内腔和各个单体电池内腔的电解液区贯通。
在各个单体电池内腔和电解液共享腔室40贯通后,各个单体电池内腔的电解液均通过电解液共享腔室40连通,为了防止出现电解液中断的现象,可以在各个单体电池内腔和电解液共享腔室40贯通后,向电解液共享腔室40注入电解液来保证电解液的连续性。
之后将所有单体电池并联。在其他实施例中,可以在步骤四和步骤五之间,将各个单体电池并联。
为了形成了更完整的SEI膜,使大容量电池具有更稳定的循环能力,通过电解液共享腔室40向各个单体电池内腔注入电解液后,对整个大容量电池进行化成。
实施例8
不同于实施例1的是,本实施例在各个第一隔板12上开设贯通相邻单体电池容纳腔的开孔42;并在各个单体电池壳体开设贯通单体电池内腔气体区的第三通孔,每个单体电池容纳腔内的单体电池气体区通过第三通孔以及开孔42相互连通。通过气体连通实现各单体电池的气体平衡,也可以提升了大容量电池的性能和充放电循环寿命。
本实施例在各个单体电池上盖上开设第三通孔,该第三通孔可以为打开单体电池泄爆部形成;相对应的各个第一隔板12上的开孔42在靠近各个上盖板39的位置上开设,如图7所示。
在其他一些实施例中,第三通孔可以位于各个单体电池筒体1靠近上盖的位置,只要确保该第三通孔与单体电池内腔气体区贯通即可。
为了保证气体充分连通,如图31所示,本实施例,在z方向上,各个单体电池上盖和对应上盖板39之间具有缝隙43,开孔42和缝隙43直接贯通。
从图30和图31中可以看出,本实施例在单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端内壁的四周设置台阶结构44,该台阶结构44的台阶面可以作为定位面使用,利用该定位面可以先将上盖板39定位在单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端,之后采用焊接方式将其固定。
基于上述缝隙43的存在,难以采用实施例1中直接焊接的方式,密封第一通孔24对应的上盖板39区域与单体电池壳体,因此,本实施例在第一通孔24和极性端子之间增设密封连接件45,如图32所示(图33中,为了能够清楚展示密封连接件45的固定方式,右上侧第一通孔24处设有密封连接件45,左下侧第一通孔24未安装密封连接件45),该密封连接件45包括中空构件;该中空构件的底部用于和单体电池的第一区域密封连接,中空构件的顶部与所述上盖板39的第二区域密封连接;第一区域为位于所述任一单体电池的上盖板39中任一极柱周边的区域;所述第二区域为位于上盖板39上任一一个第一通孔24对应的区域。第一通孔24对应的区域为上盖板39外表面上对应任一一个第一通孔24的周边区域;或者第一通孔24对应的区域为第一通孔24孔壁。其中,极柱周边的区域即为极柱上绝缘密封垫周边的区域。该绝缘密封垫为单体电池上用于使极柱和上盖之间绝缘的零件。
本实施例大容量电池,装配方式与实施例基本相同,不同之处在于,在步骤二中,还需要在在单体电池上盖上开设第三通孔。
可以将上盖上开设第三通孔的单体电池直接放置在对应单体电池容纳腔内;
也可以在第三通孔处设置中国专利CN218525645U、CN218525614U公开的密封组件,在步骤五中,利用外力或者电解液自身打开密封组件,使各个单体电池内腔的气体区连通,需要说明的是,若采用外力打开密封组件,则需要在筒体1相应部位开设开包装置操作口,具体开包时,开包装置通过该开包装置操作口伸入筒体1内,并穿过第一隔板12上的开孔42,打开密封在各个单体电池上盖第二通孔处的密封膜即可。
实施例9
从图33可以看出,不同于上述实施例的是,本实施例在筒体1与yz平面平行的侧壁上设置补换液构件46;基于此类大容量电池组装为储能设备时,沿大容量电池的宽度方向排布多个大容量电池,使得各个大容量电池的端板组件外露,将补换液构件46设置在端板组件上时,可以方便的进行补换液操作。
在其他一些实施例中,补换液构件46可以固定在箱体100的任意位置,例如,可以设置在筒体1与xz平面平行的侧壁上。
当大容量电池充放电循环一段时间后,由于电解液的分解、消耗而减少,导致大容量电池性能降低,可通过补换液构件46向电解液共享腔室40和各个单体电池内腔补入电解液,提高大容量电池性能;或,当大容量电池充放电循环一段时间后,因电解液中出现杂质而影响大容量电池性能,也可通过补换液构件46更换电解液共享腔室40和各个单体电池内腔的电解液,来提高大容量电池性能。此处的更换可以为部分更换,也可以为全部更换。另外,当各个单体电池内腔电解液区和电解液共享腔室40连通后,可以通过该补换液构件46向各个单体电池内腔和电解液共享腔室40内再次注入电解液,以保证电解液的连续性。
如图34和图35所示,本实施例补换液构件46包括补换液构件主体47、电解液流通管段48以及封堵件49;
补换液构件主体47固定在筒体1上,本实施例中补换液构件主体47为圆柱体,在其他一些实施例中,还可以选用矩形柱、半圆柱等;
在筒体1内设有补换液构件安装空间54,并在筒体1与yz平面平行的侧壁上开设贯通补换液构件安装空间54的安装孔50(见图36),补换液构件主体47固定在安装孔50内,将补换液构件主体47与安装孔50周边的筒体1区域焊接,实现固定的同时,密封安装孔50。
在补换液构件主体47上开设相互隔离的第一通道51和第二通道52,将补换液构件主体47固定在筒体1上后,第一通道51和第二通道52的一端位于筒体1外部,第一通道51的另一端位于筒体1内部,用于与电解液流通管段48连接,第二通道52的另一端位于筒体1内部,用于与箱体100内腔的气体区连通。也可在第二通道52上连接气体管道53与箱体100内腔的气体区连通。
电解液流通管段48的一端固定在补换液构件主体47上,且与第一通道51贯通;另一端用于与箱体100内腔的电解液共享腔室40连通。
需要说明的是,电解液流通管段48与箱体100内腔电解液共享腔室40连通的端部可以直接伸入箱体100内腔底部,始终浸没在电解液中,当需要换液时,可以尽可能多的抽出箱体100内腔的电解液,使得换液较为彻底。
电解液流通管段48与补换液构件主体47可以为一体件,也可以为分体件,当为分体件时,可以采用焊接或螺接的方式与补换液构件主体47连接。电解液流通管段48的材质一般选用与补换液构件主体47相同的铝制材料。
本实施例中的封堵件49包括扣设在补换液构件主体47上的盖帽(可以为螺帽),与补换液构件主体47螺纹连接,可以在螺纹连接部分设置密封圈,提高该部位的密封性。
在其他一些实施例中,封堵件49还可以为插装在第一通道51和第二通道52内的橡胶柱。
当需要补液时,可通过以下步骤进行操作:
拆卸盖帽;
当箱体100内腔具有气体时,气体会从第二通道52溢出,易于向箱体100内腔注液,为了更加顺畅的注液,在该步骤中,可以在第二通道52中插入抽气管,启动和抽气管连接的外部抽气装置,进行抽气,使箱体100内腔形成一定的负压;
之后,将电解液注液管伸入第一通道51内并注入电解液,在注液过程中,若出现注液困难的问题,则可以启动外部抽气装置,使箱体100内腔形成一定的负压,再进行注液;
待补液结束后,抽出电解液注液管和抽气管;将盖帽密封固定在补换液构件主体47上。
当需要换液时,可通过以下步骤进行操作:
拆卸盖帽;
将电解液抽液管伸入第一通道51内,并抽取电解液;当出现无法抽出电解液现象后,可以在第二通道52内,插入注气管,向箱体100内腔注入保护性气体,进行抽液;完成抽液之后,取出电解液抽液管和注气管,将电解液注液管伸入第一通道51内,并注入新的电解液;待注液结束后,抽出电解液注液管;将盖帽密封固定在补换液构件主体47上。
上述实施例7至9除了解决现有电池模组中各单体电池的均一性差的问题,还解决了中国专利CN219144456U公开的大容量电池结构存在的问题。
具体来说中国专利CN219144456U公开的大容量电池结构如图37所示,包括由若干单体电池并联形成的电池组主体和位于电池组主体底部的共享管路组件;共享管路组件,用于将若干单体电池的内腔全部贯通,以使大容量电池中所有单体电池均处于一个电解液体系下。该大容量电池通过共享管路组件能够加强大容量电池内各个单体电池电解液的均一性,提高循环寿命,还能通过该共享管路组件为大容量电池补充电解液,延长大容量电池的使用寿命,同时提高大容量电池的使用安全性。
此类共享管路组件由多段子管路01以及中间连接管02相互间过盈配合直接进行密封插接形成;此时多段子管路01一一设置在单体电池下盖板03上,子管路沿单体电池排布方向延伸,且与单体电池下盖板03一体挤压成型,并与单体电池下盖板03第二通孔相通。
装配时,将子管路01的两端作为与中间连接管02的连接端,两个单体电池连接时,两个单体电池上的子管路一端分别挤入中间连接管02的两端中。
该共享管路组件在插接过程中要求各个子管路01以及中间连接管02同轴,才能实现有效连接,但是,由于以下原因使得各个子管路以及中间连接管02的同轴度难以保证:
1)子管路与下盖板为一体件,若各个一体件上,子管路在下盖板的位置略有偏差,或各个子管路自身尺寸略有偏差,则会导致,插接时,各个子管路的同轴度出现偏差;
2)将上述一体件与筒体焊接时,会因为焊接过程的差异,有可能会出现子管路相对于筒体的位置出现不一致的情况,进而导致插接时,各个子管路同轴度出现偏差;
3)该方案,在插接时,需要利用专用工装,由于工装使用不当,或者因施工人员操作问题,稍有不慎,就会使得各个子管路的同轴度出现偏差;
另外,在插接时,各个子管路之间的偏差会随着插接数量的增多而加大,导致插接数量越多,各个子管路之间的同轴度越难以保证;导致装配过程中,成品率随着插接数量的增多而降低。
因相邻两个单体电池的子管路很难同轴所以在插接时,可能会导致子管路相对于下盖板发生位移,或导致下盖板相对于筒体发生位移,进而导致电池损坏问题。
Claims (43)
- 一种大容量电池,其特征在于:包括箱体、N个电池单元以及电解液,N≥2;N个电池单元设置于箱体内,箱体的顶部具有总正极端子以及总负极端子;箱体内盛装有电解液,N个电池单元处于一个电解液体系下。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述箱体包括筒体,电池单元包括盖板组件以及电极组件;筒体的上端为敞口;N个电池单元中的盖板组件沿筒体的第一方向均匀固定于筒体的敞口端,从而构成了一个密闭箱体;每个盖板组件均包括板本体以及绝缘固定于板本体上的正极柱和负极柱;N个电池单元中的电极组件沿筒体的第一方向均匀设置于所述密闭箱体内部,每个电极组件上方均对应于一个盖板组件,且电极组件的正极片、负极片分别与盖板组件上的正极柱、负极柱电连接;各盖板组件上的正极柱电连接构成总正极端子,各盖板组件上的负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;总正极端子和总负极端子通过至少一根传热管与外部温控装置进行热交换。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述筒体沿所述第一方向间隔设置有N-1个第一隔板,从而将筒体分割为N个电极组件的放置区,且N个放置区之间相互连通。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述盖板组件的板本体上靠近四周边沿设置一圈柔性垫圈,所述放置区的敞口端端面呈台阶面,所述台阶面的第一平面和板本体焊接,台阶面的第二平面和柔性垫圈配合;第一平面位于第二平面上方。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述正极柱和负极柱均设置有凹槽或贯通孔,用于装夹传热管。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述传热管为铝制水冷管,铝制水冷管和凹槽之间,或铝制水冷管和贯通孔之间需保持绝缘。
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述密闭箱体上设置有泄爆部。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述密闭箱体上设置有注换液接口。
- 根据权利要求3至8任一项所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:还包括至少一个第二隔板和上封盖,第二隔板竖直安装于筒体内,第二隔板与筒体侧壁之间构成上端开口的腔室,且该腔室与放置区贯通,腔室的上方开口端通过上封盖密封,其内部盛装有电解液。
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述筒体的第一方向侧壁上,以及第二方向侧壁上均设置有呈中空结构的加强筋。
- 一种权利要求1所述的大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:制备电池单元利用焊接的方式使盖板组件和电极组件连接成一个电池单元;安装电池单元并形成密封箱体将N个电池单元从筒体的敞口端放入筒体内,然后将每个电池单元中的盖板组件通过焊接的方式密封固定于筒体的敞口端,筒体和N个盖板组件组成了一个密封箱体;安装传热管将至少一根传热管与总正极端子、总负极端子进行配合;除水利用传热管对各个电极组件进行加热以降低电极组件中水含量;总正极端子和总负极端子的装配将所有正极柱电连接构成总正极端子,将所有负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;注液、化成、老化。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:箱体包括顶部敞口的筒体以及固定在筒体敞口端的上盖;上盖开设有2N个第一通孔;电池单元包括盖板组件与盖板组件连接的电极组件;盖板组件包括板本体、绝缘固定于板本体上的正极柱、负极柱;N个电池单元通过各自对应的盖板组件和筒体配合后沿筒体的长度方向均匀布置,并且各盖板组件的正极柱、负极柱分别通过对应的所述第一通孔伸出上盖;每个第一通孔和与之对应的正极柱、负极柱之间需保持密封;各正极柱通过电连接构成总正极端子,各负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;总正极端子和总负极端子通过至少一根传热管与外部温控装置进行热交换。
- 根据权利要求12所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述筒体沿其长度方向间隔设置有N-1个第一隔板,从而将筒体分割为N个电池单元的放置区,且N个放置区之间相互连通。
- 根据权利要求13所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述盖板组件的板本体上靠近四周边沿设置一圈柔性垫圈,放置区的敞口端呈台阶面结构,包括第一平面、低于第一平面的第二平面以及低于第二平面的第三平面;所述上盖焊接于所述第一平面,盖板组件的板本体与所述第二平面点焊固定,柔性垫圈与第三平面相配合。
- 根据权利要求14所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:各第一通孔的周边区域和与之对应的盖板组件的板本体通过激光熔焊方式固定密封。
- 根据权利要求15所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述正极柱和负极柱均设置有凹槽或贯通孔,用于装夹传热管。
- 根据权利要求16所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述传热管为铝制水冷管,铝制水冷管和凹槽之间,或铝制水冷管和贯通孔之间需保持绝缘。
- 根据权利要求17所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:还包括安装在所述箱体上的泄爆部以及注换液接口。
- 根据权利要求13-18任一项所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:还包括至少一个第二隔板,第二隔板、筒体的侧壁、以及上盖之间形成一个电解液存储腔室,且该电解液存储腔室与放置区贯通。
- 根据权利要求19所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述筒体的四个侧壁上均设置有呈中空结构的加强筋。
- 一种权利要求12所述的大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:制备电池单元利用焊接的方式使盖板组件和电极组件连接成一个电池单元;安装上盖和电池单元将N个电池单元从筒体的敞口端放入筒体内,N个电池单元沿筒体的第一方向依次布置,并利用电池单元的盖板组件和筒体配合实现对电池单元的固定;上盖放置在N个电池单元上,每个电池单元的正极柱、负极柱通过与之对应的第一通孔伸出上盖,之后将上盖和筒体敞口端固定密封,最后将第一通孔与之对应正极柱、负极柱之间的缝隙密封住;安装传热管将至少一根传热管与总正极端子、总负极端子进行配合;除水利用传热管对各个电极组件进行加热以降低电极组件中水含量;总正极端子和总负极端子的装配将所有正极柱电连接构成总正极端子,将所有负极柱电连接构成总负极端子;注液、化成、老化。
- 根据权利要求21所述的一种大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:所述电池单元的盖板组件与筒体敞口端固定的方式为点焊。
- 根据权利要求21所述的一种大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:所述上盖通过焊接的方式固定密封于筒体敞口端。
- 根据权利要求21所述的一种大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:所述第一通孔和正极柱、负极柱之间的缝隙保持密封的具体方式为:第一通孔的周边区域和与之对应的盖板组件的板本体通过激光熔焊方式固定密封。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:箱体包括筒体以及上盖;筒体顶部敞口,筒体的敞口设置有台阶面;台阶面包括第一平面以及低于第一平面的第二平面;筒体上设置有接口;上盖上设置有2N个第一通孔;上盖通过螺钉连接以及焊接结合的方式与所述第一平面配合,且上盖与所述第二平面之间设置有柔性垫圈;电池单元为单体电池,N个单体电池并排放置于箱体内,各个伸出对应的第一通孔且第一通孔与单体电池极性端子之间的间隙填充有密封胶;各单体电池中位于一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总正极端子,各单体电池中位于另一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总负极端子;N个单体电池的外壳底部设置有第二通孔,确保各单体电池的电解液区相互连通。
- 根据权利要求25所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述单体电池极性端子包括单体电池的极柱以及焊接在极柱顶端的转接柱;转接柱沿其轴向开设有环形盲槽。
- 根据权利要求26所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述上盖上对应每个第一通孔的位置设置有环形凸起。
- 根据权利要求27所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:还包括焊接于转接柱顶部的转接块,转接块上设置有用于装夹换热管的卡槽。
- 根据权利要求25至28任一项所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述筒体沿其长度方向间隔设置有N-1个隔板,从而将筒体分割为N个单体电池的放置区,且N个放置区之间相互连通。
- 根据权利要求29所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述箱体的底板内表面设置有两个沿单体电池排布方向延伸的垫板,两个垫板之间形成电解液通道,电解液通道与每个单体电池的电解液区连通。
- 根据权利要求30所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:所述第一平面包括第一区域和第二区域;第一区域设置多个螺纹孔,所述第二区域作为与上盖板焊接的区域。
- 一种大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:步骤1:分容分选对若干市售的方形铝制锂离子电池进行分容分选,将市售的方形铝制锂离子电池按照等级标准分为不同等级;步骤2:电池开包在同一等级的市售的方形铝制锂离子电池中挑选出N个,在特定环境下,在N个市售的方形铝制锂离子电池外壳底部开设第二通孔;步骤3:组装大容量电池将形成第二通孔的N个市售的方形铝制锂离子电池放入筒体内;第二平面上放置柔性垫圈,再通过螺钉连接的方式将顶板固定于筒体敞口端,该过程确保每个方形铝制锂离子电池的极性端子伸出各自对应的第一通孔;在每个第一通孔和其对应的极性端子处灌注密封胶;通过焊接的方式将上盖和筒体敞口端的第二平面进行熔焊;将各单体电池中位于一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的总正极性端子,各单体电池中位于另一侧的N个极性端子电连接形成大容量电池的负极性端子。
- 根据权利要求32所述的一种大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:还包括分容分选后各市售的方形铝制锂离子电池的原有极柱上焊接转接套的步骤。
- 根据权利要求33所述的一种大容量电池的制作方法,其特征在于:还包括步骤4:在转接套上焊接转接块,并安装换热管。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:箱体包括顶端敞口的壳体、n个隔板以及m个上盖板;其中n、m均为大于1的整数;壳体包括筒体以及下盖板,下盖板设有电解液共享腔室;电池单元为单体电池;n个隔板在筒体内沿同一方向排布,将筒体内腔划分为n-1个单体电池容纳腔;每个单体电池容纳腔内至少设置一个单体电池;各个单体电池内腔的电解液区和电解液共享腔室的内腔连通;m个上盖板一一对应固定在各个单体电池容纳腔的顶端敞口端;各个上盖板上对应各单体电池极性端子开设有第一通孔;各个单体电池极性端子伸出第一通孔,该第一通孔对应的上盖板区域与单体电池壳体固定密封。
- 根据权利要求35所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:每个单体电池容纳腔内设置一个单体电池。
- 根据权利要求36所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:各个隔板上均开设贯通相邻单体电池容纳腔的开孔;各个单体电池壳体开设贯通单体电池内腔气体区的第二通孔,每个单体电池容纳腔内的单体电池气体区通过第二通孔以及开孔相互连通。
- 根据权利要求37所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:第二通孔开设在单体电池上盖;在单体电池高度方向上,各个单体电池上盖与对应上盖板之间具有缝隙,开孔和缝隙直接贯通。
- 根据权利要求35所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:各个单体电池容纳腔顶端敞口端内壁设台阶结构;各上盖板固定在台阶面上。
- 根据权利要求35所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:筒体与下盖板为分体件,筒体采用铝挤压工艺成型。
- 根据权利要求40所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:隔板与筒体为一体件。
- 根据权利要求35所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:壳体设补换液构件,用于向电解液共享腔室和各个单体电池内腔补入电解液,或更换电解液共享腔室和各个单体电池内腔的电解液。
- 根据权利要求42所述的一种大容量电池,其特征在于:补换液构件包括补换液构件主体、电解液流通管段以及封堵件;补换液构件主体固定在壳体上,且补换液构件主体上开设有与壳体内腔贯通的第一通道和第二通道;第一通道和第二通道相互隔离,第一通道用于和壳体内腔的电解液区连通,第二通道用于和壳体内腔的气体区连通;电解液流通管段的一端固定在补换液构件主体上,且与第一通道贯通;电解液流通管段的另一端与壳体内腔的电解液共享腔室连通;封堵件用于从壳体外侧封堵第一通道和第二通道。
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