WO2025138985A1 - 海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法及装置 - Google Patents

海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025138985A1
WO2025138985A1 PCT/CN2024/115885 CN2024115885W WO2025138985A1 WO 2025138985 A1 WO2025138985 A1 WO 2025138985A1 CN 2024115885 W CN2024115885 W CN 2024115885W WO 2025138985 A1 WO2025138985 A1 WO 2025138985A1
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free surface
node data
multiple waves
wave
upgoing
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French (fr)
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陈鹰鹏
叶再兵
宋家文
胡军辉
戚群丽
赵珉
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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China National Petroleum Corp
BGP Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/30—Noise handling
    • G01V2210/32—Noise reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a method and device for suppressing multiple waves of free surface of seabed node data.
  • ocean bottom node (OBN) exploration Compared with traditional narrow azimuth (NAZ) streamer acquisition, ocean bottom node (OBN) exploration has the advantages of flexible acquisition construction, ultra-long offset reception, all-round, high coverage, repeatability, broadband and multi-component. It plays an important role in the exploration of complex offshore oil and gas fields and the development of oil and gas reservoirs, and gradually replaces streamer acquisition.
  • NAZ narrow azimuth
  • OBN ocean bottom node
  • the water P component geophone is a pressure geophone with no directionality; the land three-component geophone is a velocity geophone with directionality, including three components, X, Y, and Z, of which the Z component receives longitudinal wave signals perpendicular to the seabed.
  • the wave field can be separated into upgoing waves and downgoing waves by water P component and land Z component.
  • there are still a large number of multiple waves related to the free surface (sea surface) in the upgoing wave field including shot point ghost waves, water layer multiple waves, and free surface multiple waves related to the reflection layer. These multiple waves seriously affect the quality of exploration data, resulting in structural illusions and increasing exploration risks. Therefore, they must be removed in data processing.
  • the existing technology uses uplink and downlink wavefield deconvolution technology, which can effectively remove free surface multiple waves of the uplink wavefield in waters with relatively deep seawater (greater than 20 meters) and relatively flat seabed.
  • uplink and downlink wavefield deconvolution technology can effectively remove free surface multiple waves of the uplink wavefield in waters with relatively deep seawater (greater than 20 meters) and relatively flat seabed.
  • the number of direct waves (downlink waves) is very scarce and is masked by strong energy noise.
  • the wavefield propagation distance is comparable to the size of the gun array, and the wavefield recorded by the seabed node is extremely complex.
  • the uplink wave imaging accuracy of OBN data in ultra-shallow waters will be seriously affected by multiple waves.
  • the existing uplink and downlink wavefield deconvolution technology is difficult to achieve ideal results.
  • the present invention provides a method for suppressing free surface multiple waves of seabed node data, which can effectively remove free surface multiple waves in the upgoing wave field of seabed node data in ultra-shallow waters.
  • the objective function is established by using sparse inversion method
  • the upgoing wavefield without free surface related multiple waves is solved by fast iterative shrinking threshold to remove free surface multiple waves.
  • the wave field of sparse spatial sampling is forward transformed from the sparse spatiotemporal domain to the FKK domain; a relevant threshold value is set, and effective information of the wave field is extracted in an iterative manner to perform high-density interpolation; and the upgoing waves and the downgoing waves are inversely transformed back to the spatiotemporal domain of high-density spatial sampling.
  • separating the multiple waves according to the periodic characteristics of the wave field incident angle change includes: performing three-dimensional Taup transformation on the P component and Z component of the multiple waves respectively, and separating the multiple waves according to the periodic characteristics of the wave field incident angle change.
  • the formula of the three-dimensional Taup transformation is:
  • V * represents the apparent velocity
  • ⁇ represents the incident angle of the seismic wave ray
  • V represents the wave velocity in the medium
  • t is the time domain sample point
  • Px is the P value sampling in the x direction
  • Py is the P value sampling in the y direction
  • P value represents the incident angle of the wave field.
  • the objective function established by the sparse inversion method is:
  • U represents the upgoing wavefield
  • D represents the downgoing wavefield
  • r is the underground reflection coefficient sequence
  • ⁇ is the regularization parameter
  • T ⁇ is the transform domain threshold operator
  • i refers to the i-th iteration.
  • the method for suppressing multiple waves on the free surface of the seafloor node data further comprises: The upgoing wavefield after multiple wave suppression is inversely transformed back to the time domain to obtain the upgoing wavefield after the free surface related multiple waves are attenuated in the time domain.
  • the upgoing wave field after the multiple wave suppression is inversely transformed back to the time domain by three-dimensional Taup inverse transformation to obtain the time domain Vz noise model;
  • Px is the P value sampling in the x direction
  • Py is the P value sampling in the y direction
  • the P value represents the incident angle of the wave field.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a device for suppressing multiple waves of free surface of seabed node data, comprising:
  • An interpolation module is used to interpolate the upgoing and downgoing seafloor node data
  • a multiple wave separation module is used to separate multiple waves according to the periodic characteristics of the change of the wave field incident angle
  • the multiple wave suppression module is used to establish the objective function by using the sparse inversion method, and solve the upgoing wave field without free surface related multiple waves by fast iterative shrinkage threshold based on the objective function to remove the free surface multiple waves.
  • the present invention also provides a computer device, comprising: a memory, a processor and a computer program, wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and is configured to be executed by the processor to implement the above-mentioned seafloor node data free surface multiple wave suppression method.
  • the invention is based on a model in which the convolution of the underground reflection coefficient sequence of the downgoing wave field of OBN data is equivalent to the upgoing wave field.
  • the upgoing wave field and the downgoing wave field information are comprehensively utilized in the high-precision three-dimensional TauP domain, and a related objective function is established through a sparse inversion method.
  • the upgoing wave field without free surface related multiple waves is solved through a fast iterative shrinkage threshold method, thereby avoiding the instability caused by signal division in a traditional deconvolution algorithm, and effectively removing the free surface multiple waves in the upgoing wave field of OBN data in ultra-shallow waters, providing a real and reliable data basis for geological research and reducing exploration risks.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for suppressing multiple waves on a seafloor node data free surface provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of multiple waves in the time-space domain (left) and multiple waves in the Taup domain (right);
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the gather before multiple wave attenuation (left) and the gather after multiple wave attenuation (right);
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a stacked cross section before multiple waves attenuate
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a superposition cross section after multiple waves have attenuated
  • FIG6 is a comparison diagram of the cross section after attenuation of multiple waves of the conventional wave suppression method of actual data and the cross section after attenuation of multiple waves of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram of the application effects of the multiple wave suppression method of the present invention in actual production projects.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • the meaning of “multiple” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
  • the existing technology uses the up-and-down wave field deconvolution technology, which can effectively remove the free surface multiple waves of the up-and-down wave field in waters with relatively deep sea water (greater than 20 meters) and relatively flat seabed.
  • the direct wave (down-and-down wave) The number of channels is very small and is masked by strong energy noise.
  • the wave field propagation distance is comparable to the size of the gun array.
  • the wave field recorded by the seabed node is extremely complex.
  • the upgoing wave imaging accuracy of the ultra-shallow water OBN data will be seriously affected by multiple waves.
  • the existing upgoing and downgoing wave field deconvolution technology is difficult to achieve ideal results.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for suppressing free surface multiple waves of seabed node data. Based on the model that the underground reflection coefficient sequence of the convolution of the downgoing wave field of OBN data is equivalent to the upgoing wave field, after high-density interpolation of the OBN data, the upgoing wave field and the downgoing wave field information are comprehensively utilized in the high-precision three-dimensional TauP domain, and a related objective function is established through a sparse inversion method.
  • the upgoing wave field without free surface related multiple waves is solved through a fast iterative shrinkage threshold method, thereby avoiding the instability caused by signal division in a traditional deconvolution algorithm, and effectively removing the free surface multiple waves in the upgoing wave field of OBN data in ultra-shallow waters, providing a real and reliable data basis for geological research and reducing exploration risks.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for suppressing multiple waves on a free surface of a seabed node data provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG1 , the method for suppressing multiple waves on a free surface of a seabed node data provided by this embodiment includes the following steps:
  • step S110 Fourier transform is used to perform high-density interpolation on the upgoing wave and downgoing wave seabed node data in the frequency-wavenumber domain (FK domain), and both the upgoing wave field and the downgoing wave field are interpolated into high-density spatial sampling (sampling interval is less than or equal to 6.25 meters).
  • the wave field of sparse spatial sampling is transformed from the sparse spatiotemporal domain to the FKK domain, relevant threshold values are set, and effective information of the wave field is extracted by iteration, and then it is inversely transformed back to the spatiotemporal domain of high-density spatial sampling to complete the high-density interpolation processing. That is, the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave are respectively subjected to forward transformation, high-density interpolation and inverse transformation.
  • the formula of the forward transformation is as follows:
  • x in the forward transformation represents the time domain sampling point or the space domain sampling point
  • k in the inverse transformation represents Frequency domain samples or beam domain samples.
  • Taup transformation is used to separate multiple waves according to the periodic characteristics caused by the change of the wave field incident angle. Specifically, it includes: performing three-dimensional Taup transformation on the P component and Z component of the multiple waves respectively. Taking two-dimensional Taup transformation as an example, its formula is:
  • V * represents the apparent velocity
  • ⁇ represents the incident angle of the seismic wave ray
  • V represents the wave velocity in the medium
  • V * represents the apparent velocity
  • ⁇ represents the incident angle of the seismic wave ray
  • V represents the wave velocity in the medium
  • t is the time domain sample point
  • Px is the P value sampling in the x direction
  • Py is the P value sampling in the y direction
  • P value represents the incident angle of the wave field.
  • the sparse inversion method is used in the three-dimensional Taup domain to establish a related objective function, and the upgoing wave field without free surface related multiple waves is solved by fast iterative shrinkage threshold, which effectively avoids the instability caused by signal division in the traditional upgoing and downgoing wave field deconvolution algorithm.
  • Formula (7) is obtained based on the model that the underground reflection coefficient sequence of the convolution of the downgoing wavefield of OBN data is equivalent to the upgoing wavefield, where U represents the upgoing wavefield, D represents the downgoing wavefield, and r is the underground reflection coefficient sequence. From formula (7), it can be deduced that:
  • Formula (8) is the objective function, ⁇ is the regularization parameter;
  • T ⁇ is the transform domain threshold operator, and i refers to the i-th iteration.
  • step S140 the upgoing wavefield after the multiple wave suppression is inversely transformed back to the time domain through the three-dimensional Taup inverse transformation to obtain the time domain Vz noise model, thereby obtaining the upgoing wavefield after the free surface related multiple wave attenuation in the time domain.
  • the formula of the three-dimensional Taup inverse transformation is:
  • t is the time domain sample point
  • Px is the P value sampling in the x direction
  • Py is the P value sampling in the y direction
  • the P value represents the incident angle of the wave field.
  • Taup transformation is used to separate multiple waves according to the wave field incident angle, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the left part is the multiple waves in the time-space domain
  • the right part is the multiple waves in the Taup domain.
  • the test effect based on theoretical data is shown in Figure 3.
  • the left part is the track gather before the multiple waves attenuate
  • the right part is the track gather after the multiple waves attenuate.
  • the stacked section before the multiple waves attenuate is shown in Figure 4, and the stacked section after the multiple waves attenuate is shown in Figure 5. From the comparison between Figure 4 and Figure 5, it can be seen that the imaging effect after the multiple waves attenuate is better.
  • test results of the traditional multiple wave suppression method and the multiple wave suppression method of the present invention are compared as shown in Figure 6.
  • the left part of the figure is the section after the multiple waves attenuate of the traditional wave suppression method
  • the right part of the figure is the section after the multiple waves attenuate of the present invention.
  • the application effect comparison of the multiple wave suppression method of the present invention is shown in Figure 7.
  • the upper part of the figure is the section before the multiple waves attenuate
  • the lower part of the figure is the section after the multiple waves attenuate. It can be seen from Figure 7 that the imaging effect after the multiple waves attenuate is better.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for suppressing multiple waves of free surface of seabed node data, including: an interpolation module, a multiple wave separation module and a multiple wave suppression module.
  • the interpolation module is used to interpolate the upgoing wave and downgoing wave seabed node data.
  • the multiple wave separation module is used to separate the multiple waves according to the periodic characteristics of the change of the wave field incident angle.
  • the multiple wave suppression module is used to establish an objective function by using a sparse inversion method, and solve the upgoing wave field without free surface related multiple waves by fast iterative shrinkage threshold based on the objective function to remove the free surface multiple waves.
  • the interpolation module uses Fourier transform to perform high-density interpolation on the upgoing and downgoing seafloor node data in the frequency-wavenumber domain (FK domain), interpolating the upgoing and downgoing wave fields into high-density 3D spatial sampling (sampling interval is less than or equal to 6.25 meters).
  • the wave field of sparse spatial sampling is transformed from the sparse spatiotemporal domain to the FKK domain, relevant threshold values are set, and effective information of the wave field is extracted by iteration, and then it is inversely transformed back to the spatiotemporal domain of high-density spatial sampling to complete the high-density interpolation processing. That is, the upgoing wave and the downgoing wave are respectively subjected to forward transformation, high-density interpolation and inverse transformation.
  • the formula of the forward transformation is as follows:
  • x in the forward transform represents a time domain sampling point or a space domain sampling point
  • k in the inverse transform represents a frequency domain sampling point or a beam domain sampling point
  • the multiple wave separation module uses Taup transformation to separate the multiple waves according to the periodic characteristics caused by the change of the wave field incident angle. Specifically, it includes: performing three-dimensional Taup transformation on the P component and Z component of the multiple waves respectively, and the formula is:
  • V * represents the apparent velocity
  • ⁇ represents the incident angle of the seismic wave ray
  • V represents the wave velocity in the medium
  • t is the time domain sample point
  • Px is the P value sampling in the x direction
  • Py is the P value sampling in the y direction
  • P value represents the incident angle of the wave field.
  • the multiple wave suppression module uses a sparse inversion method in the three-dimensional Taup domain to establish a related objective function, and solves the upgoing wave field without free surface related multiple waves by fast iterative shrinkage threshold, effectively avoiding the instability caused by signal division in the traditional upgoing and downgoing wave field deconvolution algorithm.
  • Formula (7) is based on the convolution of the underground reflection coefficient sequence of the OBN data downgoing wave field, which is equivalent to the upgoing wave field
  • U represents the upgoing wave field
  • D represents the downgoing wave field
  • r is the underground reflection coefficient sequence
  • Formula (8) is the objective function, ⁇ is the regularization parameter;
  • T ⁇ is the transform domain threshold operator, and i refers to the i-th iteration.
  • the upgoing wavefield after multiple wave suppression is inversely transformed back to the time domain through the three-dimensional Taup inverse transform to obtain the time domain Vz noise model, thereby obtaining the upgoing wavefield after the free surface related multiple waves are attenuated in the time domain.
  • the formula for the three-dimensional Taup inverse transform is:
  • t is the time domain sample point
  • Px is the P value sampling in the x direction
  • Py is the P value sampling in the y direction
  • the P value represents the incident angle of the wave field.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, including: a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is used to execute the computer program to implement the above-mentioned seafloor node data free surface multiple wave suppression method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the above-mentioned method for suppressing multiple waves of seabed node data free surface when executed by a processor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a machine-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, and the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement the above-mentioned method for suppressing multiple waves of free surface of seabed node data.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • the schemes in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in various computer languages, for example, object-oriented programming language Java and literal scripting language JavaScript, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.

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Abstract

一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，涉及地震勘探技术领域，包括：对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值（S110）；将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离（S120）；采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数；基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场（S130），以去除自由表面多次波。方法可以去除超浅水域海底节点数据上行波场中的自由表面多次波，提高地震资料一次波成像品质。还提供一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置、计算机设备和计算机程序产品。

Description

海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及地震勘探技术领域，具体地涉及一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法及装置。
背景技术
与传统的窄方位(NAZ)拖缆采集相比，海底节点(OBN)勘探具有采集施工灵活、超长偏移距接收、全方位、高覆盖、可重复性和宽频、多分量的优点，在海洋复杂油气田勘探和油气藏开发中发挥重要作用，逐渐替代拖缆采集。
在海底节点(OBN)采集中，将水检和陆检三分量检波器埋置到海洋底部来记录压力和速度数据，水检P分量的检波器为压力检波器，没有方向性；陆检三分量为速度检波器，具有方向性，包括X、Y、Z三个分量，其中Z分量垂直于海底接收纵波信号。通过水检P分量和陆检Z分量进行波场分离可以分为上行波和下行波。然而上行波场仍然存在大量与自由表面(海面)相关的多次波，包括炮点鬼波、水层多次波以及与反射层相关的自由表面多次波等，这些多次波严重影响了勘探资料品质，导致产生构造假象，增加了勘探风险，因此在数据处理中必须对其进行去除。
现有技术采用上下行波场反褶积技术，在海水相对较深(大于20米)且海底较为平坦的水域能较好地去除上行波场的自由表面多次波，然而在超浅水域(1-20米)采集的OBN数据处理中，直达波(下行波)道数非常稀少，且被强能量噪音掩盖，同时波场传播距离和枪阵尺寸规模相当，海底节点记录的波场异常复杂，超浅水域OBN数据的上行波成像精度会受到多次波的严重影响，现有的上下行波场反褶积技术难以取得理想的效果。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术缺陷，本发明提供一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，针对超浅水域海底节点数据上行波场中的自由表面多次波进行有效去除。
本发明一方面提供一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，包括：
对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值；
将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离；
采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数；
基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，以去除自由表面多次波。
本发明实施例中，所述对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值，包括：利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值。
本发明实施例中，将稀疏空间采样的波场从稀疏时空域正变换到FKK域；设置相关门槛值，通过迭代方式提取波场的有效信息，进行高密度插值；将上行波和下行波反变换回高密度空间采样的时空域。
本发明实施例中，所述将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离，包括：分别对多次波的P分量和Z分量进行三维Taup变换，将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离。
本发明实施例中，所述三维Taup变换的公式为：
式中，
τ＝t-px；
其中，V*表示视速度，θ表示地震波射线的入射角，V表示介质中的波速，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
本发明实施例中，所述采用稀疏反演法建立的目标函数为：
其中，
U＝D*r；
ri+1＝Tτ[ri+DH(U-Dri)]；
U表示上行波场，D表示下行波场，r是地下反射系数序列，λ是正则化参数，Tτ是变换域阈值算子，i指第i次迭代。
本发明实施例中，所述海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法还包括：将 多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，获得时间域自由表面相关多次波衰减后的上行波场。
本发明实施例中，通过三维Taup反变换将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，获得时间域Vz噪声模型；
所述三维Taup反变换的公式为：
其中，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
本发明另一方面提供一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置，包括：
插值模块，用于对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值；
多次波分离模块，用于将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离；
多次波压制模块，用于采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数，基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，以去除自由表面多次波。
本发明还提供一种计算机设备，包括：存储器、处理器以及计算机程序，该计算机程序存储在存储器中，并被配置为由处理器执行以实现上述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法。
本发明基于OBN数据下行波场褶积地下反射系数序列等效于上行波场的模型，对OBN数据进行高密度插值后，在高精度三维TauP域综合利用上行波场和下行波场信息，通过稀疏反演法建立相关目标函数，通过快速迭代收缩阈值法求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，避免了传统反褶积算法中信号相除带来的不稳定性，可以有效去除超浅水域OBN数据上行波场中的自由表面多次波，为地质研究提供真实可靠数据基础，减少勘探风险。
本发明技术方案的其它特征和优点将在下文的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例提供的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法的流程图；
图2是时空域多次波(左)与Taup域多次波(右)的示意图；
图3是多次波衰减前道集(左)与多次波衰减后道集的示意图(右)；
图4是多次波衰减前叠加剖面的示意图；
图5是多次波衰减后叠加剖面的示意图；
图6是实际资料传统波压制方法多次波衰减后剖面与本发明多次波衰减后剖面的对比图；
图7是实际生产项目中采用本发明多次波压制方法的应用效果对比图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本发明的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术采用上下行波场反褶积技术，在海水相对较深(大于20米)且海底较为平坦的水域能较好地去除上行波场的自由表面多次波，然而在超浅水域(1-20米)采集的OBN数据处理中，直达波(下行波) 道数非常稀少，且被强能量噪音掩盖，同时波场传播距离和枪阵尺寸规模相当，海底节点记录的波场异常复杂，超浅水域OBN数据的上行波成像精度会受到多次波的严重影响，现有的上下行波场反褶积技术难以取得理想的效果。
本发明实施方式提供一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，基于OBN数据下行波场褶积地下反射系数序列等效于上行波场的模型，对OBN数据进行高密度插值后，在高精度三维TauP域综合利用上行波场和下行波场信息，通过稀疏反演法建立相关目标函数，通过快速迭代收缩阈值法求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，避免了传统反褶积算法中信号相除带来的不稳定性，可以有效去除超浅水域OBN数据上行波场中的自由表面多次波，为地质研究提供真实可靠数据基础，减少勘探风险。
图1是本发明实施例提供的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法的流程图。如图1所示，本实施例提供的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，包括以下步骤：
S110，对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值；
S120，将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离；
S130，采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数，基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，以去除自由表面多次波；
S140，将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域。
在上述步骤S110中，利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域(FK域)对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值，将上行波场和下行波场均插值成高密度空间采样(采样间隔小于等于6.25米)。
具体的，将稀疏空间采样的波场从稀疏时空域正变换到FKK域，设置相关门槛值，通过迭代的方式提取波场的有效信息，然后将其反变换回高密度空间采样的时空域，完成高密度插值处理。即分别对上行波和下行波进行正变换、高密度插值和反变换，正变换的公式如下：
反变换的公式如下：
其中，正变换中x代表时间域采样点或者空间域采样点，反变换中k代表 频率域样点或者波束域样点。
在上述步骤S120中，利用Taup变换将多次波按照波场入射角度变化导致的周期特性进行分离。具体包括：分别对多次波的P分量和Z分量进行三维Taup变换，以二维Taup变换为例，其公式为：
式(3)中，
τ＝t-px；                                  (4)
其中，V*表示视速度，θ表示地震波射线的入射角，V表示介质中的波速；
扩展为三维Taup变换，其公式为：
式(6)中，
τ＝t-px；
其中，V*表示视速度，θ表示地震波射线的入射角，V表示介质中的波速，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
在上述步骤S130中，在三维Taup域采用稀疏反演法，建立相关目标函数，并通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，有效避免了传统上下行波场反褶积算法里面信号相除带来的不稳定性。采用稀疏反演法建立的目标函数为：
U＝D*r；                                (7)

ri+1＝Tτ[ri+DH(U-Dri)]；                (9)
式(7)基于OBN数据下行波场褶积地下反射系数序列等效于上行波场的模型得到的，其中U表示上行波场，D表示下行波场，r是地下反射系数序列；从式(7)可以推导出：
式(8)为目标函数，λ是正则化参数；
式(9)中，Tτ是变换域阈值算子，i指第i次迭代。
在上述步骤S140中，通过三维Taup反变换将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，获得时间域Vz噪声模型，从而获得时间域自由表面相关多次波衰减后的上行波场。三维Taup反变换的公式为：
式(10)中，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
在一具体应用场景下，利用Taup变换将多次波按照波场入射角度分离，如图2所示，左部分为时空域多次波，右部分为Taup域多次波。基于理论数据的测试效果如图3所示，左部分为多次波衰减前道集，右部分为多次波衰减后道集。多次波衰减前叠加剖面如图4所示，多次波衰减后叠加剖面如图5所示，从图4与图5对比可以看出，多次波衰减后的成像效果更好。基于实际资料，采用传统多次波压制方法与本发明多次波压制方法的测试结果对比如图6所示，图中左部分为传统波压制方法多次波衰减后剖面，图中右部分为本发明多次波衰减后剖面。在一实际生产项目中，采用本发明多次波压制方法的应用效果对比如图7所示，图中上部分为多次波衰减前剖面，图中下部分为多次波衰减后剖面，从图7可以看出多次波衰减后的成像效果更好。
使用上述实施例提供的方法进行多次波压制后，由于强反射的海面带来的所有相关多次波噪音得到有效衰减，明显提高地震资料一次波成像品质，获得能够准确反映地下地质情况的处理成果，为解释井位落实提供高保真数据基础，有效提高钻探成功率，将低勘探风险。
本发明实施方式还提供一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置，包括：插值模块、多次波分离模块以及多次波压制模块。插值模块用于对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值。多次波分离模块用于将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离。多次波压制模块用于采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数，基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，以去除自由表面多次波。
在一实施例中，插值模块利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域(FK域)对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值，将上行波场和下行波场均插值成高密 度空间采样(采样间隔小于等于6.25米)。
具体的，将稀疏空间采样的波场从稀疏时空域正变换到FKK域，设置相关门槛值，通过迭代的方式提取波场的有效信息，然后将其反变换回高密度空间采样的时空域，完成高密度插值处理。即分别对上行波和下行波进行正变换、高密度插值和反变换，正变换的公式如下：
反变换的公式如下：
其中，正变换中x代表时间域采样点或者空间域采样点，反变换中k代表频率域样点或者波束域样点。
在一实施例中，多次波分离模块利用Taup变换将多次波按照波场入射角度变化导致的周期特性进行分离。具体包括：分别对多次波的P分量和Z分量进行三维Taup变换，其公式为：
式(6)中，
τ＝t-px；
其中，V*表示视速度，θ表示地震波射线的入射角，V表示介质中的波速，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
在一实施例中，多次波压制模块在三维Taup域采用稀疏反演法，建立相关目标函数，并通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，有效避免了传统上下行波场反褶积算法里面信号相除带来的不稳定性。采用稀疏反演法建立的目标函数为：
U＝D*r；                                (7)

ri+1＝Tτ[ri+DH(U-Dri)]；                (9)
式(7)基于OBN数据下行波场褶积地下反射系数序列等效于上行波场的 模型得到的，其中U表示上行波场，D表示下行波场，r是地下反射系数序列；从式(7)可以推导出：
式(8)为目标函数，λ是正则化参数；
式(9)中，Tτ是变换域阈值算子，i指第i次迭代。
通过三维Taup反变换将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，获得时间域Vz噪声模型，从而获得时间域自由表面相关多次波衰减后的上行波场。三维Taup反变换的公式为：
式(10)中，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
本发明实施方式还提供一种计算机设备，包括：存储器及处理器，该存储器存储有计算机程序，该处理器用于执行该计算机程序以实现上述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法。
本发明实施方式还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，该计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现上述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法。
本发明实施方式还提供一种机器可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，所述计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。本发明实施例中的方案可以采用各种计算机语言实现，例如，面向对象的程序设计语言Java和直译式脚本语言JavaScript等。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理 机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值；
    将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离；
    采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数；
    基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，以去除自由表面多次波。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值，包括：
    利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值，包括：
    将稀疏空间采样的波场从稀疏时空域正变换到FKK域；
    设置相关门槛值，通过迭代方式提取波场的有效信息，进行高密度插值；
    将上行波和下行波反变换回高密度空间采样的时空域。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离，包括：
    分别对多次波的P分量和Z分量进行三维Taup变换，将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述三维Taup变换的公式为：
    式中，
    τ＝t-px；
    其中，V*表示视速度，θ表示地震波射线的入射角，V表示介质中的波速，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述采用稀疏反演法建立的目标函数为：
    其中，
    U＝D*r；
    ri+1＝Tτ[ri+DH(U-Dri)]；
    U表示上行波场，D表示下行波场，r是地下反射系数序列，λ是正则化参数，Tτ是变换域阈值算子，i指第i次迭代。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，获得时间域自由表面相关多次波衰减后的上行波场。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法，其特征在于，所述将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，包括：
    通过三维Taup反变换将多次波压制后的上行波场反变换回时间域，获得时间域Vz噪声模型；
    所述三维Taup反变换的公式为：
    其中，t为时间域样点，Px为x方向的P值采样，Py为y方向的P值采样，P值代表波场的入射角。
  9. 一种海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    插值模块，用于对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行插值；
    多次波分离模块，用于将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离；
    多次波压制模块，用于采用稀疏反演法建立目标函数，基于目标函数通过快速迭代收缩阈值求解不含有自由表面相关多次波的上行波场，以去除自由表面多次波。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置，其特征在于，所述插值模块利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置，其特征在于，所述插值模块利用傅里叶变换在频率-波数域对上行波和下行波海底节点数据进行高密度插值，包括：
    将稀疏空间采样的波场从稀疏时空域正变换到FKK域；
    设置相关门槛值，通过迭代方式提取波场的有效信息，进行高密度插值；
    将上行波和下行波反变换回高密度空间采样的时空域。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制装置，其特征在于，所述多次波分离模块通过分别对多次波的P分量和Z分量进行三维Taup变换，将多次波按照波场入射角度变化的周期特性进行分离。
  13. 一种计算机设备，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，存储有计算机程序；
    处理器，用于执行所述计算机程序以实现权利要求1-8任一项所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法。
  14. 一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序 在被处理器执行时实现权利要求1-8任一项所述的海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法。
PCT/CN2024/115885 2023-12-28 2024-08-30 海底节点数据自由表面多次波压制方法及装置 Pending WO2025138985A1 (zh)

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