WO2025129573A1 - 无线通信方法以及通信设备 - Google Patents

无线通信方法以及通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025129573A1
WO2025129573A1 PCT/CN2023/140693 CN2023140693W WO2025129573A1 WO 2025129573 A1 WO2025129573 A1 WO 2025129573A1 CN 2023140693 W CN2023140693 W CN 2023140693W WO 2025129573 A1 WO2025129573 A1 WO 2025129573A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sta
information
field
frame
mac frame
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PCT/CN2023/140693
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗朝明
卢刘明
李雅璞
高宁
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/140693 priority Critical patent/WO2025129573A1/zh
Priority to CN202380102382.6A priority patent/CN121909672A/zh
Publication of WO2025129573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025129573A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/12Detection or prevention of fraud
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a wireless communication method and a communication device.
  • the STA can send a preemption request (PR) to an access point (AP) to obtain a transmission opportunity (TXOP).
  • PR preemption request
  • AP access point
  • TXOP transmission opportunity
  • the present application provides a wireless communication method and a communication device.
  • the following introduces various aspects involved in the present application.
  • a wireless communication method comprising: a first STA sends a first physical protocol data unit (PPDU) to a second STA, the first PPDU comprising first information and second information; wherein the first information is used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted; and the second information is used to determine the legitimacy of the first STA.
  • PPDU physical protocol data unit
  • a wireless communication method including: a second STA receives a first PPDU sent by a first STA, the first PPDU including first information and second information; wherein the first information is used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted; and the second information is used to determine the legitimacy of the first STA.
  • a communication device is provided, wherein the communication device is a first STA, and the communication device includes: a first communication module, used to send a first PPDU to a second STA, the first PPDU including first information and second information; wherein the first information is used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted; and the second information is used to determine the legitimacy of the first STA.
  • a communication device wherein the communication device is a second STA, and the communication device includes: a first communication module, used to receive a first PPDU sent by a first STA, the first PPDU including first information and second information; wherein the first information is used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted; and the second information is used to determine the legitimacy of the first STA.
  • a communication device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store one or more computer programs, and the processor is used to call the computer program in the memory so that the communication device executes part or all of the steps in the method of the first aspect and/or the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes the above-mentioned communication device.
  • the system may also include other devices that interact with the communication device in the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program enables a communication device to execute part or all of the steps in the methods of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, wherein the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the computer program is operable to cause a communication device to perform some or all of the steps in the methods of the above various aspects.
  • the computer program product can be a software installation package.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the processor can call and run a computer program from the memory to implement some or all of the steps described in the methods of the above aspects.
  • the first PPDU carries the first information
  • the first information is used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted.
  • the embodiment of the present application requires that the PPDU carrying the first information also carries the second information, and the second information is used to determine the legitimacy of the STA sending the first information. Requiring the PPDU to carry the first information and the second information at the same time can ensure the security of the communication system.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system to which an embodiment of the present application can be applied.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the location of the message integrity code (MIC) in a data frame.
  • MIC message integrity code
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the encryption process of the medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU).
  • MAC medium access control
  • MPDU protocol data unit
  • FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction method of additional authentication data (AAD).
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the format of a random number field.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the MPDU decryption process.
  • FIG. 7 Schematic diagram of the format of the broadcast/multicast integrity protocol (BIP).
  • BIP broadcast/multicast integrity protocol
  • FIG 8 is a schematic diagram of the format of the management MIC element (MME) in Figure 7.
  • MME management MIC element
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the construction method of the AAD of the BIP.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the format of the null data PPDU (NDP) feedback report (NDP feedback report poll, NFRP).
  • NDP null data PPDU
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the format of an NDP feedback report parameter set element.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the format of NDP.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the transmission process of a preemption request.
  • FIG. 14 is another exemplary diagram of the transmission process of the preemption request.
  • FIG. 15 is an example diagram of the transmission process of the low latency indication.
  • FIG16 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the format of a clear-to-send (CTS) frame.
  • CTS clear-to-send
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the format of a control frame provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the format of a CTS frame provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the interaction method of the packet number (PN) provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a PN interaction method provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 23 is an example diagram of a PN bearing position provided by an embodiment of the present application. .
  • FIG. 24 is an example diagram of a PN bearing position provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 is an example diagram of a PN bearing position provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the format of a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) trigger frame.
  • MU-RTS multi-user request-to-send
  • FIG. 27 is an example diagram of a PN bearing position provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG28 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram of a serial number interaction method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG30 is a schematic diagram of an interaction method of a serial number provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 31 is an example diagram of a serial number carrying position provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 32 is an example diagram of a serial number carrying position provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG33 is an example diagram of a serial number carrying position provided in yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG34 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG35 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG36 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device to which an embodiment of the present application can be applied.
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • WiFi wireless fidelity
  • FIG1 is a wireless communication system 100 used in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wireless communication system 100 may include an access point 110 and a station (STA) 120 accessing a network through the access point (AP) 110.
  • STA station
  • AP access point
  • AP is also called AP STA, which means that in a sense, AP is also a STA.
  • STA is also called non-AP STA.
  • the communication in the communication system 100 may be communication between an AP and a STA, communication between STAs, or communication between a STA and a peer STA.
  • a peer STA may refer to a device that communicates with a STA peer, for example, a peer STA may be an AP or a STA.
  • AP is equivalent to a bridge between wired network and wireless network. Its main function is to connect various wireless network clients together and then connect the wireless network to Ethernet.
  • AP devices can be terminal devices with WiFi chips (such as mobile phones) or network devices (such as routers).
  • the roles of various communication devices in the communication system 100 are not absolute. Taking a mobile phone as an example, in the scenario where the mobile phone is connected to a router, the mobile phone is a STA; in the scenario where the mobile phone serves as a hotspot for other mobile phones, the mobile phone plays the role of an AP.
  • APs and STAs can be devices used in the Internet of Vehicles, IoT nodes and sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT), smart cameras, smart remote controls, smart water and electricity meters in smart homes, and sensors in smart cities.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • both STA and AP can support 802.11be.
  • STA or AP can also support 802.11ax, 802.11ac, Various current and future 802.11 family WLAN standards, including 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b and 802.11a.
  • the STA and the AP support multi-band communication.
  • the STA and the AP can communicate simultaneously on the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz, 45 GHz, and 60 GHz bands, or simultaneously on different channels of the same band (or different bands) to improve the communication throughput and/or reliability between devices.
  • Such a device is generally referred to as a multi-band device, or a multi-link device (MLD), sometimes also referred to as a multi-link entity or a multi-band entity.
  • a multi-link device can be an access point device or a site device. If the multi-link device is an access point device, the multi-link device can include one or more APs; if the multi-link device is a site device, the multi-link device can include one or more non-AP STAs.
  • a multi-link device including one or more APs may be called an access point multi-link device (AP MLD), and a multi-link device including one or more non-AP STAs may be called a non-ap multi-link device (non-AP MLD).
  • AP MLD access point multi-link device
  • non-AP MLD non-ap multi-link device
  • the AP may include multiple APs
  • the non-AP STA may include multiple STAs.
  • Multiple links may be formed between the multiple APs and the multiple STAs, and data communication may be performed between the multiple APs and the multiple STAs through corresponding links.
  • STA can be a mobile phone, tablet computer (Pad), laptop computer, PDA, mobile Internet device (MID), wearable device, virtual reality (VR) device, augmented reality (AR) device, wireless terminal in industrial control (industrial control), wireless terminal in self driving, wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal in smart grid, wireless terminal in transportation safety (transportation safety), wireless terminal in smart city (smart city), wireless terminal in smart home (smart home), etc. that supports WLAN/WiFi technology.
  • MID mobile Internet device
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • the frequency bands supported by WLAN technology may include but are not limited to: low frequency bands (eg, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz) and high frequency bands (eg, 45 GHz, 60 GHz).
  • low frequency bands eg, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz
  • high frequency bands eg, 45 GHz, 60 GHz
  • FIG1 exemplarily shows an AP and two STAs.
  • the communication system 100 may include multiple APs and other numbers of STAs, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the AP, STA 120a, and STA 120b may be located in the same basic service set (BSS).
  • the AP may be associated with STA 120a.
  • the AP may be associated with STA 120b.
  • a device with a communication function in a network/system may be referred to as a communication device.
  • the communication device may include an AP 110 and a STA 120 with a communication function.
  • the communication device mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as a network controller, a gateway, and other network entities (not shown in FIG. 1 ), which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • APs and STAs can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; they can also be deployed on airplanes, balloons, and satellites in the air.
  • the scenarios in which APs and STAs are located are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • MIC Message integrity code
  • the counter mode (CTR) cipher block chaining (CBC) message authentication code (MAC) protocol CTR with CBC-MAC protocol, CCMP
  • CTR with CBC-MAC protocol, CCMP CTR with CBC-MAC protocol, CCMP
  • CCMP-128 adds 16 bytes to the original MPDU, of which the CCMP header and MIC field each occupy 8 bytes of the 16 bytes.
  • CCMP-256 adds 24 bytes to the original MPDU, of which the CCMP header occupies 8 bytes and the MIC field occupies 16 bytes.
  • the CCMP header is constructed based on the PN, ExtIV, and Key ID subfields. PN consists of 48 bits, represented by 6 bytes. PN5 is the most significant byte of PN; PN0 is the least significant byte of PN.
  • CCMP uses the fields in the MPDU header to construct AAD.
  • the CCM algorithm provides integrity protection for the fields in AAD.
  • the fields in the MPDU header that may change during retransmission are removed.
  • FIG4 shows the construction of the AAD of the protocol version 0 (PV0) MPDU.
  • FC represents the frame control (FC) field of the MPDU with certain subfields masked by mask 0.
  • A1 represents the address 1 field of the MPDU.
  • A2 represents the address 2 field of the MPDU.
  • A3 represents the address 3 field of the MPDU.
  • SC represents the sequence control (SC) field of the MPDU after masking the sequence number subfield.
  • A4 represents the address 4 field of the MPDU (if present).
  • QC represents the quality of service (QoS) control field (if present) of the MPDU including the priority of the MAC service data unit (MSDU).
  • QoS quality of service
  • the CCM nonce can be constructed based on PN, A2 (MPDU address 2) and the priority of the MPDU. For details, see Section 12.5.2.3.4 of the standard "Draft P802.11REVme_D4.1". If the binary value of the type field of the FC field (most significant bit first) is 10 (10 indicates a data frame) and the QoS control field exists in the MPDU header, the priority of the MPDU is The value is equal to the value of the traffic identifier (TID) subfield.
  • TID traffic identifier
  • the priority value of the MPDU is equal to the value of the access category index (ACI) subfield of the sequence number field. Otherwise, the priority value of the MPDU is equal to a fixed value of 0.
  • a ciphertext and an encrypted MIC can be formed.
  • the CCM encryption algorithm is described in IETF RFC 3610.
  • the key, random number, plaintext data and AAD described above are provided to the CCM encryption algorithm as K, N, m and a in the encryption algorithm.
  • the CCM encryption algorithm generates a result c.
  • the result c includes an encrypted message and an encrypted authentication value U.
  • the encrypted message represents the encrypted frame body, and the authentication value U represents the MIC.
  • CCM encryption is to connect part of the frame header (i.e. the field that makes up AAD) and the frame body together to generate MIC, and then encrypt the frame body in blocks to generate encrypted data.
  • the frame header i.e. the field that makes up AAD
  • CCM Counter with CBC-MAC
  • the input information to be verified is: B_0
  • AES Advanced Encryption Standard
  • Figure 6 shows the CCM processing process of the receiver.
  • the receiver verifies the integrity of the authentication value and the frame body and decrypts the frame body.
  • the MIC verification is achieved by comparing the difference between the received MIC and the calculated MIC. Only when the MIC verification is successful will the plain text be returned.
  • the Galois/counter mode (GCM) protocol inserts a GCMP header between the MAC frame header and the frame body, and inserts a MIC between the encrypted frame body and the frame check sequence (FCS) to implement encryption and integrity protection of data frames.
  • GCM Galois/counter mode
  • FCS frame check sequence
  • the protocol uses the GCM method (based on the AES algorithm) to generate MIC and encrypted data, see NIST Special Publication 800-38D.
  • the key, random number, plaintext data, and AAD can be passed to the GCM encryption algorithm as K, IV, P, and A, respectively.
  • the GCM encryption algorithm generates a ciphertext C and an authentication tag T.
  • the ciphertext C represents the encrypted frame body, and T represents the MIC.
  • beacon integrity group temporal key (BIGTK) is used to generate MIC for the beacon frame (a broadcast management frame)
  • IGTK integrity group temporal key
  • BIP-CMAC-128 uses AES-128 in CMAC mode (with a 128-bit integrity key) and a CMAC TLen value of 128 bits (16 bytes) to provide data integrity and replay protection.
  • BIP-CMAC-256 uses AES-256 in CMAC mode (with a 256-bit integrity key) and a CMAC TLen value of 128 bits (16 bytes) to provide data integrity and replay protection.
  • NIST Special Publication 800-38B defines the CMAC algorithm
  • NIST Special Publication 800-38D defines the GMAC algorithm.
  • the output of CMAC is 128 bits (16 bytes) and is not truncated.
  • BIP-CMAC-128 uses AES with a 128-bit integrity key
  • BIP-CMAC-256 uses AES with a 256-bit integrity key.
  • the authentication tag for BIP-CMAC-128 and BIP-CMAC-256 should be 128 bits (16 bytes) without truncation.
  • the AAD of BIP is constructed based on the MPDU header.
  • AAD is constructed based on the FC field of MPDU, the address 1 (A1) field of MPDU, the address 2 (A2) field of MPDU, and the address 3 (A3) field of MPDU.
  • the retry subfield bit number 11, numbering starting from 0, representing the 12th least significant bit
  • the power management subfield bit 12
  • the more data subfield bit 13
  • Figure 9 shows the format of AAD.
  • the length of AAD is 20 bytes.
  • the initialization vector passed to the GMAC shall be the concatenation of A2 in the MAC header of the MPDU and a non-negative integer inserted in the MME IPN/BIPN field.
  • the AAD and the management frame body containing the MME are concatenated together to calculate the MIC and the output is inserted into the MIC field of the MME. If it is a protected beacon frame, the timestamp field in the frame body is masked with a mask of 0 during calculation.
  • the MIC is 64 bits and is calculated based on AES-128-CMAC.
  • the MIC is 128 bits and is calculated based on AES-128-GMAC.
  • BIP connects part of the management frame header (i.e., the field that constitutes AAD) and the frame body (including MME, mainly including IPN/BIPN in MME) together (denoted as m), and uses the CMAC or GMAC method to generate MIC.
  • CMAC is a variant of the CBC-MAC method, see NIST SP800-38B-CMAC.
  • BIGTK or IGTK, m, and the length of MIC are used as the input parameters K, M, and Tlen of CMAC respectively.
  • GMAC is a special form of the GCM method used to generate message authentication codes on unencrypted data, see NIST Special Publication 800-38D.
  • BIGTK or IGTK, IV (consisting of A2 and IPN/BIPN concatenated), m and AAD are the input parameters K, IV, P, and A of GMAC respectively.
  • the AP can send an NDP feedback report poll (NFRP) trigger frame to obtain the NDP of multiple STAs.
  • Figure 10 shows the frame format of NFRP.
  • the STA After receiving the NFRP trigger frame, the STA transmits an NDP (the format of the NDP is called high efficiency (HE) trigger based (TB) feedback NDP) as a response.
  • HE high efficiency
  • TB trigger based
  • the STA's feedback status (FEEDBACK_STATUS) value is 1; otherwise, the STA's FEEDBACK_STATUS value is 0 (FEEDBACK_STATUS will be used to modulate the subcarrier of the long training field (LTF) of the transmission NDP).
  • the resource request cache threshold may be indicated by the AP in an NDP feedback report parameter set element in a beacon frame and/or a probe response frame and/or an association response frame and/or a reassociation response frame. Alternatively, in the absence of such an indication, the resource request cache threshold is a default value. The default value may be 256 bytes.
  • FIG11 shows the format of the NDP feedback report parameter set element.
  • the resource request buffer threshold exponent field is used to calculate the buffer threshold between two different resource requests. Assuming that the value of the resource request buffer threshold exponent field is a, the resource request buffer threshold value may be equal to 2 a bytes. If the AP does not send the NDP feedback report parameter set element, the resource request buffer threshold may be equal to 256 bytes.
  • the HE TB feedback NDP format is shown in FIG12.
  • the NDP format adopts the HE TB PPDU format. Unlike the HE TB PPDU format, the NDP format does not have a data field.
  • the packet extension (PE) field duration of the NDP format is 0 microseconds.
  • the NDP format has 2 symbols of type 4x HE-LTF, and the guard interval (GI) used is 3.2 microseconds.
  • the duration of a 1x HE-LTF symbol is 3.2 microseconds
  • the duration of a 2x HE-LTF symbol is 6.4 microseconds
  • the duration of a 4x HE-LTF symbol is 12.8 microseconds.
  • the GI is not calculated for the above durations.
  • the different resource unit subcarrier set indexes (RU_TONE_SET_INDEX) in the HE-LTF field are used to identify the association identity (AID) and feedback status (FEEDBACK_STATUS) of different non-AP STAs, as shown in Table 1:
  • Table 1 HE-LTF subcarrier mapping for HE TB feedback NDP (11ax)
  • each RU_TONE_SET_INDEX corresponds to a non-AP STA (AID).
  • bandwidth is 20MHz
  • the start association identifier in the NFRP trigger frame corresponds to the RU_TONE_SET_INDEX value of 1. For example, if the starting association identifier is 6, the non-AP STA with an AID value of 6 corresponds to a RU_TONE_SET_INDEX value of 1, the non-AP STA with an AID value of 7 corresponds to a RU_TONE_SET_INDEX value of 2, and so on.
  • each RU_TONE_SET_INDEX corresponds to two non-AP STAs (AIDs), and the two non-AP STAs are distinguished by different pre-assigned precoding matrices.
  • the start association identifier in the NFRP trigger frame corresponds to the RU_TONE_SET_INDEX value of 1. For example, if the start association identifier is 6, the two non-AP STAs with AID values of 6 and 7 correspond to RU_TONE_SET_INDEX value 1, and the two non-AP STAs with AID values of 8 and 9 correspond to RU_TONE_SET_INDEX value 2, and so on.
  • the related proposal (11-23-1229-01-0uhr-preemption-for-low-latency-application-follow-up) proposes a scheme for transmitting preemption requests using a smaller interframe interval.
  • the AP divides the longer downlink PPDU into multiple shorter PPDUs.
  • the multiple shorter PPDUs are transmitted continuously with x interframe intervals (xIFS).
  • xIFS is to be determined, for example, it can be the priority interframe space (PIFS).
  • PIFS priority interframe space
  • the preamble of the first short PPDU indicates whether the transmission within a period of time (such as the duration of this transmission) can be preempted (preemption).
  • STA2 and STA3 in Figure 14 can use an interframe interval (Tp) shorter than xIFS to transmit a preemption request (similar to a CTS frame) to the AP, thereby interrupting the AP's downlink transmission.
  • Tp interframe interval
  • a related proposal (11-23-1950-00-00bn-considerations-on-preemption-request) proposes two sequences for transmitting preemption requests.
  • the two sequences can be used to protect the preempted transmission from being interfered with by hidden nodes in the overlapping basic service set (OBSS).
  • OBSS overlapping basic service set
  • the MU-RTS/CTS sequence can be used to protect the transmission medium before the preemption transmission is about to be performed.
  • the MU-RTS/CTS sequence can be used to protect the transmission medium at the beginning of the TXOP where the preemption transmission is about to be performed.
  • the proposal also proposes that the PPDU carrying the preemption request frame must be consistent.
  • the scrambler initialization value (scrambler initialization value) and receiver address (receiver address, RA) to be used by the preemption request frame can be indicated in the signal (signal, SIG) field of the preceding PPDU (such as the universal signal (universal signal, U-SIG) field or the ultra high reliability (ultra high reliability, UHR)-SIG field).
  • the scrambler initialization value is carried in the preamble of the PPDU and is used to generate the scrambling sequence of the PPDU; RA indicates the STA that receives the frame.
  • the scrambler initialization value and RA to be used by the preemption request frame can be set to fixed values.
  • the related art also provides a method for low-latency data priority transmission.
  • the STA can indicate to the AP (through CTS or modified NDP) on a reserved resource unit (RU) that low-latency data is to be transmitted and/or that a TXOP needs to be preempted.
  • RU reserved resource unit
  • the AP obtains the TXOP, and the AP performs at least one downlink transmission with the first STA.
  • the first STA reserves at least one subchannel or RU when making an uplink response or confirmation to the AP. If other STAs generate low-latency data to be sent before the uplink response or confirmation, the other STAs can use the reserved subchannel or RU to send a low-latency indication in the uplink response or confirmation.
  • the AP will use the buffer status report poll (BSRP) trigger frame to obtain the buffer status reports of multiple STAs or use NFRP to obtain the NDP of multiple STAs. Then, the uplink transmission process based on the trigger frame is used to trigger each STA to perform uplink transmission.
  • BSRP buffer status report poll
  • the attacked party may pretend that STA enters power saving mode, and then continue to pretend that STA re-associates with AP, thereby obtaining data previously cached by AP, resulting in data leakage.
  • the above proposal also points out that the MAC frame header needs to calculate MIC separately, and should not be encrypted together with the frame body. This is because the MAC frame header will change when it is retransmitted, so the MIC needs to be recalculated (the data volume of the MAC frame header is small, so the calculation overhead is small), while the frame body will not be re-encrypted when it is retransmitted (the data volume of the frame body is large, so the calculation overhead is large).
  • control frames with frame bodies such as trigger frame (TF), block ack request (BAR) frame, block ack (BA) frame, NDP announcement (NDPA) frame
  • TF trigger frame
  • BAR block ack request
  • BA block ack
  • NDPA NDP announcement
  • the above proposal points out that the MIC mechanism can be used to perform integrity verification on the MAC frame header and the frame body of the control frame to prevent tampering.
  • MIC can be generated using a control group temporal key (CGTK) dedicated to control frame protection, or a control pairwise transient key (CPTK) dedicated to control frame protection.
  • CGTK control group temporal key
  • CPTK control pairwise transient key
  • the relevant technology introduces some mechanisms. For example, if the STA has low-latency data to be transmitted, the STA can send a preemption request to the AP to obtain a TXOP. As another example, the STA can transmit a low-latency indication to indicate that there is low-latency data to be transmitted and/or the TXOP needs to be preempted.
  • the relevant technology does not consider protecting the preemption request.
  • an attacker can impersonate the STA to send a preemption request, causing the AP's downlink transmission to be interrupted unnecessarily, thereby increasing the transmission delay. And Furthermore, if an attacker forges a STA to send a preemption request, the AP will also trigger the STA to perform unnecessary transmission, thereby consuming power. Similarly, in the process of transmitting a low-latency indication, the relevant technology does not consider protecting the preemption request. Therefore, an attacker can forge a STA to send a low-latency indication, causing the AP's downlink transmission to be interrupted unnecessarily, thereby increasing the transmission delay. Furthermore, if an attacker forges a STA to send a low-latency indication, the AP will also trigger the STA to perform unnecessary transmission, thereby consuming power.
  • FIG16 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method of FIG16 is described from the perspective of the interaction between the first STA and the second STA.
  • the first STA may be a STA that wishes to seize the TXOP, or the first STA may be a STA with low-latency data (or traffic) to be transmitted.
  • the second STA may be the owner of the TXOP.
  • the first STA is a non-AP STA and the second STA is an AP; or, both the first STA and the second STA are non-AP STAs.
  • the first STA sends a first PPDU to the second STA.
  • the first PPDU includes first information.
  • the first information can be used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted. If the first information is used to preempt the TXOP of the second STA, the first information can be referred to as a preemption request or a preemption signal. If the first information is used to indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted, the first information can be referred to as a low-latency indication.
  • the first PPDU may include a first MAC frame, and the first information may be carried in the first MAC frame.
  • the first MAC frame may be called a preemption request frame or a low latency indication frame.
  • the first MAC frame may be, for example, a CTS frame.
  • the first information may also be carried in the preamble of the first PPDU, such as the preamble of the NDP.
  • the first PPDU also includes second information.
  • the second information is used to determine (or verify) the legitimacy of the first STA. That is, the second information is used to determine (or verify) that the first information (or the frame containing the first information, or the PPDU containing the first information) is sent by a legitimate STA (a legitimate STA may refer to a STA that is authenticated and associated and has the correct transmission key).
  • a legitimate STA may refer to a STA that is authenticated and associated and has the correct transmission key.
  • the second information can be used to determine (or verify) the integrity of the frame containing the first information (to prevent the frame containing the first information from being tampered with) or the integrity of the PPDU containing the first information (to prevent the PPDU containing the first information from being counterfeited).
  • the embodiment of the present application introduces the second information to securely protect the transmission of the first information.
  • the second STA can identify whether the STA sending the first information is a legitimate STA, thereby preventing the transmission of the second STA from being interrupted by an attacker and/or preventing the second STA from triggering other STAs to perform unnecessary transmissions, thereby improving the security of the communication process.
  • the second information may be generated based on a certain type of key encryption.
  • the second information may be information generated based on group key encryption.
  • the group key mentioned here may be, for example, a combination of one or more of the following: group temporal key (GTK), integrity group temporal key (IGTK), BIGTK, and CGTK.
  • GTK group temporal key
  • IGTK integrity group temporal key
  • CGTK CGTK
  • the second information may be information generated based on pairwise key encryption.
  • the pairwise key mentioned here may be, for example, a pairwise transient key (PTK), or CPTK.
  • PTK pairwise transient key
  • the second information may be generated by pairwise key encryption and sent together with the first information to verify the legitimacy of the STA that sent the first information.
  • the second information sent by multiple STAs may also be encrypted using the group key mentioned above, and the distinction between multiple STAs may be achieved in other ways. For example, different time domain, frequency domain and/or code domain resources may be pre-allocated or negotiated for multiple STAs.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the carrying method of the second information in the first PPDU.
  • the first PPDU may include a first MAC frame
  • the second information may be carried in the first MAC frame.
  • the second information may be carried in the preamble of the first PPDU. The following is a more detailed example of the content and carrying method of the second information in combination with two embodiments.
  • Embodiment 1 The second information is carried in a MAC frame
  • the first PPDU is used to carry the first MAC frame
  • the second information is carried in the first MAC frame.
  • the second information may be a MIC carried in the first MAC frame.
  • the first MAC frame may be a preemption request frame or a low time indication frame; accordingly, the second information may be used to determine (or verify) the legitimacy of the STA that sends the preemption request frame or the low time indication frame.
  • the second information may be used to determine (or verify) the integrity of the preemption request frame or the low time indication frame.
  • the method for generating MIC can refer to the relevant description in the section "MIC of broadcast management frame and multicast management frame" in the previous text.
  • the following takes the first MAC frame as a CTS frame as an example to illustrate the method for generating MIC.
  • Figure 17 shows the frame format of the CTS frame.
  • the entire frame header (including FC, duration (duration), RA) and PN and FCS (optional) can be connected together as a message to be verified (denoted as m).
  • the key (such as a pairwise key or a group key), m, and the length of the MIC (128 bits or 256 bits) are used as the input parameters K, M, Tlen of CMAC respectively, and the CMAC method is used to generate the MIC.
  • CMAC is a variant based on CBC-MAC, see NIST SP800-38B-CMAC.
  • the entire frame header (including FC, duration, RA) and PN and FCS (optional) can be concatenated together as AAD
  • the entire frame header (including FC, duration, RA) and FCS (optional) can be used as the message to be verified (denoted as m)
  • RA and PN can be concatenated together as AAD.
  • the key (such as a pairwise key or a group key)
  • the initial vector, m, and AAD can be used as the input parameters K, IV, P, and A of GMAC respectively
  • the GMAC method is used to generate MIC.
  • GMAC is a special form of the GCM method, which is used to generate MIC on unencrypted data. For details, see NIST Special Publication 800-38D.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the position of the MIC field in the first MAC frame.
  • the first MAC frame includes a first FCS field, and the MIC field is located before the first FCS field.
  • the first MAC frame may be a newly defined control frame or management frame.
  • the MIC field may be carried before the FCS field of the control frame or management frame.
  • FIG18 shows a frame format of a control frame proposed in an embodiment of the present application. The first information mentioned above is the preemption information in FIG18. As can be seen from FIG18, the MIC field is located before the FCS of the control frame.
  • the first MAC frame includes a first FCS field
  • the MIC field is located after the first FCS field.
  • the first FCS field may be the FCS1 field in FIG. 19.
  • the MIC is located after the FCS1.
  • a second FCS field i.e., the FCS2 field in FIG. 19
  • the FCS2 field may be used for a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the entire frame body, FCS1, and MIC.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • the calculation algorithm of FCS2 may adopt the same calculation algorithm as that of FCS1.
  • the MIC field is set after the FCS field, and the format before the MIC field may remain unchanged, so the implementation is simple.
  • MIC can be generated based on PN.
  • PN can be used to prevent replay attacks.
  • a replay attack means that an attacker can cache a monitored frame and then send it again without modification. If there is no anti-replay mechanism, the attacker can process the retransmitted frame as a legal frame.
  • PN is generally a self-increasing integer, or it can be an integer generated randomly each time. Generating MIC based on PN can generate a new MIC for each transmission. Even if the content of the retransmitted frame is exactly the same as the previous frame, due to the different PN, the retransmitted frame will carry a different MIC, which can prevent replay attacks.
  • PN can be 16 bits, or 24 bits, or 32 bits, or 48 bits, or a larger number of bits. In this solution, 48 bits are used as an example.
  • the PN used to generate the MIC can be sent by the second STA to the first STA through the preamble downlink transmission (which can be a MAC frame or a PPDU).
  • the preamble downlink transmission which can be a MAC frame or a PPDU.
  • the PPDUs carrying the first information sent by each STA at the same time need to be consistent.
  • each STA needs to send the same type of PPDU, such as a non-high throughput PPDU (non-HT PPDU), a non-HT duplicate PPDU, or a TB PPDU.
  • each STA needs to ensure that the preamble is consistent, and the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and number of spatial streams (NSS) need to be predefined or pre-negotiated.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • NSS number of spatial streams
  • the second STA needs to send the same PN value to each STA in advance so that the MIC generated by each STA is the same.
  • the first STA receives the second PPDU sent by the second STA (see step S2010 in FIG. 20 ).
  • the second PPDU includes target bits, and the target bits are part or all of the bits occupied by PN.
  • the target bits can be the M least significant bits, the M most significant bits, or any M bits among the bits occupied by PN.
  • the second STA may transmit the PN to the first STA via the second PPDU within the current TXOP.
  • the second STA may set in advance the PN that will be used for the preemption of the TXOP.
  • the second STA may inform each STA including the first STA of the PN in advance using a management frame or a trigger frame (such as a basic trigger frame).
  • AP corresponds to the second STA in the foregoing text
  • STA2 or STA3 corresponds to the first STA in the foregoing text
  • the first information is carried in the PR frame in Figure 21.
  • AP carries PN in the data frame to STA1, and STA2 or STA3 can send a PR frame to AP based on the PN.
  • AP corresponds to the second STA in the foregoing text
  • STA2 or STA3 corresponds to the first STA in the foregoing text
  • the first information is the low latency indication in FIG. 22.
  • AP carries PN in the data frame to STA1, and STA2 or STA3 can send a low latency indication to AP based on the PN.
  • AP continues to carry PN through trigger frames so that other STAs can send low latency indications through reserved subchannels.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the carrying position of the target bit occupied by the PN in the second PPDU.
  • the second PPDU may include a second MAC frame, and the target bit may be carried in the second MAC frame.
  • the target bit may be carried in the preamble of the second PPDU. Two possible embodiments are given below.
  • Embodiment 1.1 Target bits occupied by PN are carried in MAC frame
  • the target bit is carried in a second MAC frame (the second MAC frame is carried in a second PPDU).
  • the second MAC frame may be a data frame, a control frame or a management frame. Taking a data frame as an example, the second MAC frame may be an ordinary downlink data frame or a QoS Null frame. Taking a control frame as an example, the second MAC frame may be a trigger frame, such as a basic trigger frame.
  • the QoS Null frame, control frame or management frame may be a QoS Null frame, control frame or management frame attached to a downlink data frame. In other words, the QoS Null frame, control frame or management frame may be carried in the same PPDU as the downlink data frame (i.e., the second PPDU mentioned above).
  • the first STA may also receive a third MAC frame sent by the second STA.
  • the third MAC frame may contain other bits occupied by PN except the target bit.
  • the third MAC frame mentioned here may be a beacon frame, or it may be other MAC frames carried in the same PPDU as the second MAC frame.
  • the target bit may include the M least significant bits (M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) of the N bits occupied by PN.
  • the remaining N-M bits may be carried in the third MAC frame (such as carried in a beacon frame for periodic broadcast).
  • the most significant bit changes less frequently, and carrying the most significant bit in a beacon frame can reduce the overhead required to indicate the PN.
  • the second MAC frame includes an aggregation control (A-Control) field (the A-Control field may be located in the HT Control field).
  • the PN may be carried in the A-Control field.
  • the second MAC frame may be any type of frame including the A-Control field.
  • the second MAC frame may be a downlink data frame.
  • the second MAC frame may be a QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame (i.e., the QoS Null frame and the downlink data frame are carried in the same PPDU).
  • FIG. 23 shows an example of a QoS Null frame. As can be seen from FIG. 23, the QoS Null frame includes the HT Control field, and the HT Control field includes the A-Control field.
  • the PN may be carried in the control list field of the A-Control field.
  • PN generally requires 48 bits
  • 24 bits of the 48 bits can be carried in the second MAC frame (such as the downlink data frame), and the remaining 24 bits of the 48 bits can be carried in the third MAC frame (such as the QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame).
  • the bits in the second MAC frame and the third MAC frame are spliced together to obtain the PN.
  • the second STA can also carry the most significant 24 bits (or 22 bits) of the PN in the beacon frame and broadcast it regularly.
  • the most significant 24 bits (or 22 bits) of the PN can remain unchanged within several beacon cycles (each beacon cycle is about 100ms).
  • the least significant 24 bits (or 26 bits) of the PN are carried in the second MAC frame (such as the downlink data frame or the QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame).
  • the second MAC frame may include one or more special user information fields (such as special user information 2 fields).
  • the target bit may be carried in the one or more special user information fields.
  • the second MAC frame may be any type of frame containing a special user information field.
  • the second MAC frame may be a trigger frame (such as a basic trigger frame).
  • FIG. 24 shows the frame format of a basic trigger frame. As shown in FIG. 24, the basic trigger frame includes a user information list field. The user information list field includes two special information user 2 fields. The AID12 field value in the special user information 2 field may be any reserved value between 2008 and 2047.
  • One special user information 2 field may include 24 bits of PN, and the PN in two special user information 2 fields may be spliced together to obtain the PN value to be used.
  • the basic trigger frame may also carry only one special user information 2 field, including the least significant 24 bits (or 28 bits) of PN, and the most significant 24 bits (or 20 bits) of PN are carried in the beacon frame and broadcast regularly.
  • a bit is selected from the reserved bits of the general information of the basic trigger frame to indicate that the basic trigger frame carries one or two special user information 2 fields.
  • Embodiment 1.2 The target bits occupied by PN are carried in the SIG field
  • the target bit is carried in the SIG field of the second PPDU.
  • FIG. 25 shows a possible format of the second PPDU.
  • the second PPDU includes a UHR-SIG field.
  • the target bit can be carried in the UHR-SIG field.
  • the first STA can also receive a fourth MAC frame sent by the second STA.
  • the fourth MAC frame may include other bits in the bits occupied by PN except the target bit.
  • the fourth MAC frame mentioned here may be a beacon frame.
  • the target bit may include the M least significant bits (M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) of the N bits occupied by PN.
  • M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • the remaining N-M bits i.e., the N-M most significant bits occupied by PN
  • the most significant bit changes less frequently, and carrying the most significant bit in a beacon frame can reduce the overhead required to indicate PN.
  • the SIG field may include a user specific field.
  • the user specific field may include one or more special user fields.
  • the target bit may be carried in the one or more special user fields.
  • the UHR-SIG field includes a user specific field, and one or more special user fields (i.e., the special user field, check code, and tail in FIG. 25) may be added to the user specific field, and the target bit may be carried in the special user field (FIG. 25 contains multiple PNs, each PN represents a portion of the bits occupied by the PN, and multiple PNs are spliced together to form a complete PN).
  • five special user fields may be added to the user specific field of the UHR-SIG field in the UHR MU PPDU for single-user transmission.
  • the first four special user fields of the five specific user fields carry 44 bits in the PN
  • the fifth special user field carries 4 bits in the PN.
  • only 2 or 3 or 4 special user fields are added to the user-specific field of the UHR-SIG field, wherein the least significant 22 bits or the least significant 33 bits or the least significant 44 bits of the PN are carried, and the most significant 26 bits or the most significant 15 bits or the most significant 4 bits of the corresponding PN are carried in the fourth MAC frame (such as carried in the beacon frame and broadcast regularly).
  • Similar processing can also be done in the UHR-SIG field in the UHR MU PPDU used for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission.
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • the SIG field (such as the UHR-SIG field) includes a common field.
  • the general field may include fourth information.
  • the fourth information is used to indicate the number of one or more special user fields.
  • the general field may include one or more fields such as spatial multiplexing, guard interval and LTF size, number of EHT-LTF symbols, LDPC additional symbol fragments, filling factor before FEC, packet extension deambiguation, ignore (disregard), etc.
  • the fourth information can be carried in the ignore field.
  • the bit value of the ignore field is all 1 by default, and the value of one of the bits can be set to 0 to indicate that the UHR-SIG field carries 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 special user fields.
  • Embodiment 1 is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples.
  • the STA that sends a preemption request or a low latency indication in the following example is the first STA mentioned above, and the AP is the second STA mentioned above.
  • the following examples are only intended to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific numerical values or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes based on the examples given, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • Example 1 AP does not distinguish STAs that send preemption requests and/or low latency indications
  • the MIC carried in the preemption request frame and/or the low latency indication frame can be generated by a group key (e.g., GTK, or IGTK, or BIGTK, or CGTK).
  • group key e.g., GTK, or IGTK, or BIGTK, or CGTK.
  • the format of the preemption request frame or low latency indication frame can be seen in Figure 17.
  • the entire frame header (including frame control, duration, recipient address), PN and FCS (optional) can be connected together as a message to be verified (denoted as m), and the CMAC method is used to generate MIC.
  • CMAC is a variant based on the CBC-MAC method, see NIST SP800-38B-CMAC.
  • the group key (such as CGTK), m, and the length of MIC (128 bits or 256 bits) are used as the input parameters K, M and Tlen of CMAC respectively.
  • the entire frame header (including frame control, duration, receiver address), PN and FCS (optional) are concatenated together as AAD
  • the entire frame header (including frame control, duration, receiver address) and FCS (optional) are used as the message to be verified (denoted as m)
  • the receiver address and PN are concatenated together as the initial vector
  • the GMAC method is used to generate MIC.
  • GMAC is a special form of the GCM method used to generate a message authentication code on unencrypted data, see NIST Special Publication 800-38D.
  • the group key (such as CGTK), initial vector, m and AAD are used as the input parameters K, IV, P, and A of GMAC respectively.
  • the MIC may be carried after the FCS field.
  • an FCS2 field may be added after the MIC field.
  • the FCS2 field is used for the CRC of the entire frame body, FCS1, and MIC, and its calculation method is the same as that of FCS1.
  • STA can use PPDU that occupies the entire working bandwidth of STA to send preemption request frame and/or low latency indication frame, or use PPDU that only occupies part of the working bandwidth of STA to send preemption request frame and/or low latency indication frame.
  • MIC can be generated based on PN.
  • PN is used to prevent replay attacks, that is, an attacker can cache a monitored frame and then send it again without modification. If there is no anti-replay mechanism, the STA will process it as a legitimate frame.
  • PN is generally a self-increasing integer, or it can be a randomly generated integer each time.
  • the PPDUs carrying preemption request frames and/or low latency indication frames sent by each STA at the same time need to be consistent (for example, using non-HT PPDU, non-HT duplicate PPDU, or TB PPDU), and ensure that the preamble is consistent, and the same MCS and NSS need to be predefined or pre-negotiated.
  • the AP needs to send the same PN value to each STA in advance.
  • the AP can indicate the PN value in the preceding downlink frame and/or the SIG field of the downlink PPDU, as shown in Figures 21 and 22.
  • the PN may be carried in the A-Control field in the HT Conrol field in the frame header of the downlink data frame.
  • the PN may be carried in the A-Control field in the HT Conrol field in the frame header of the QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame (as shown in FIG. 23).
  • the 24-bit PN carried in the downlink data frame and the PN carried by the attached QoS Null frame can be concatenated to obtain the PN value to be used.
  • the AP can carry the most significant 24 bits (or 22 bits) of PN in the beacon frame for regular broadcasting.
  • the most significant 24 bits (or 22 bits) of PN can remain unchanged within several beacon cycles (each beacon cycle is about 100ms), and the least significant 24 bits (or 26 bits) of PN are carried in the downlink data frame and/or the attached QoS Null frame.
  • the PN may be carried in a newly defined management frame or control frame (e.g., a basic trigger frame) attached to a downlink data frame.
  • a basic trigger frame e.g., a basic trigger frame
  • two special user information 2 fields may be carried in a basic trigger frame.
  • the AID12 field value in the special user information 2 field is any reserved value between 2008 and 2047.
  • One special user information 2 field includes 24 bits of PN, and the PNs in the two special user information 2 fields are spliced together to obtain the PN value to be used.
  • the basic trigger frame may also only contain one special user information 2 field.
  • the UHR-SIG field only two or three or four special user fields are added to the user-specific field of the UHR-SIG field, wherein the least significant 22 bits or the least significant 33 bits or the least significant 44 bits of the PN are carried, and the corresponding most significant 26 bits or the most significant 15 bits or the most significant 4 bits of the PN are carried and broadcasted periodically in the beacon frame.
  • one bit in the ignore field in the general field of the UHR-SIG field may be set to 0 to indicate that two or three or four or five special user fields are carried in the UHR-SIG field. Similar processing may be performed in the UHR-SIG field in the UHR MU PPDU for OFDMA transmission.
  • a TXOP may be limited to being preempted only once.
  • the PN to be used for preemption in the TXOP may be set in advance.
  • a management frame or a trigger frame (such as a basic trigger frame) may be used in advance to inform each STA of the PN.
  • Example 2 AP distinguishes STAs that send preemption requests and/or low latency indications
  • each STA needs to send the TB PPDU carrying the preemption request frame and/or low latency indication frame in different pre-assigned or negotiated frequency domains, time domains and/or spatial domains. Therefore, the AP needs to indicate the following to the STA in the initial control frame: the RU or MRU to be used to send the TB PPDU carrying the preemption request frame and/or low latency indication frame.
  • the initial control frame is generally a MU-RTS trigger frame (as shown in Figure 26).
  • the initial control frame can be the first frame sent by the AP when acquiring a TXOP, or it can be an indication frame sent by the AP during the TXOP when allowing the STA to initiate preemption.
  • the MIC may be carried before the FCS field of the preemption request frame and/or the low latency indication frame, or may be carried after the FCS field. For details, please refer to the description of Example 1.
  • the MIC carried in the preemption request frame and/or the low latency indication frame can be generated by a group key (such as GTK, IGTK, BIGTK or CGTK) or by a pairwise key (such as PTK or CPTK). See Example 1 for the generation method of MIC.
  • Example 2 the PN used by each STA when generating the MIC can be the same or different. Therefore, the PN used by each STA can be indicated by the AP as in Example 1. Alternatively, each STA can use its own PN and carry its own PN in a preemption request frame and/or a low latency indication frame (e.g., a CTS frame, as shown in FIG. 27 ).
  • a preemption request frame and/or a low latency indication frame e.g., a CTS frame, as shown in FIG. 27 ).
  • Embodiment 2 The second information is carried in the preamble of the PPDU
  • the second information is not carried in the first MAC frame, but is carried in the preamble of the first PPDU.
  • the second information can be carried in the LTF of the preamble.
  • the second information is a secure LTF (secure-LTF) in the first PPDU.
  • the second information can be used to determine (or verify) the legitimacy of the STA that sends the first PPDU.
  • the second information can be used to determine (or verify) the legitimacy of the first PPDU.
  • the secure-LTF may be generated or verified based on the key K and the sequence number C (the sequence number may be 16 bits, 24 bits, 32 bits, or 48 bits).
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the generation method and verification method of the secure-LTF.
  • the first STA uses a key K and a sequence number C to generate a random sequence R. Then, the first STA uses the random sequence R to perform phase randomization adjustment on the subcarriers of each spatial stream, and uses the random sequence R to perform quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) adjustment on each subcarrier of each LTF symbol on each spatial stream.
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the second STA uses the same key K and C to generate the same random sequence R. Then, the second STA uses the random sequence R to obtain the expected secure-LTF. Next, the second STA compares the expected secure-LTF with the received secure-LTF. If the expected secure-LTF has a high signal correlation with the received secure-LTF (such as the signal correlation exceeds a predefined threshold), the verification passes.
  • HMAC-Hash(key,message) indicates a hash function in the form of a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC).
  • K is the key.
  • message is the message content to be authenticated
  • HMAC indicates a key-based hash method used for message authentication (see IETF RFC2104 standard).
  • Hash indicates a specific hash function.
  • HMAC-SHA-256(K,“Preemption LTF key seed”) means using the SHA-256 algorithm (a hash function with an output length of 256 bits)
  • K is the key
  • the string “Preemption LTF key seed” is the message content to be authenticated.
  • KDF-Hash-Length (K, Label, Context) indicates a pseudo-random method for deriving a key.
  • Hash indicates a specific hash function.
  • Length indicates the number of bits of the derived key.
  • K is the key.
  • Label indicates the purpose of the derived key.
  • Context indicates the context used for derivation.
  • KDF-SHA-256 (LTF-Key-Seed, "Preemption LTF Expansion”, C) means using the SHA-256 (a hash function with an output length of 256 bits) algorithm, using LTF-Key-Seed as the key, using the string "Preemption LTF Expansion" to indicate the purpose of the derived key, and using C to indicate the context used for derivation.
  • C is a sequence number, and the AP and STA exchange a sequence number before each preemption.
  • LTF-Key L(LTF-Key-Material,0,128) means that data with a length of 128 bits is intercepted starting from the 0th bit of LTF-Key-Material.
  • Input-Value(16octets) LTF-ID(6octets)
  • LTF-ID can use the basic service set identity (BSSID), which is the identifier of the current BSS (usually the AP's MAC address, 6 bytes in length).
  • BSSID basic service set identity
  • LTF-ID can use the MAC address of the first STA.
  • LTF-ID can be a 6-byte random sequence distributed in advance by the second STA and shared by multiple STAs.
  • AES-128-CTR (LTF-Key, Input-Value, block counter).
  • AES-128-CTR is an AES in counter mode with an output length of 128 bits.
  • LTF-Key is the encryption key
  • Input-Value is the original text to be encrypted.
  • the block counter is incremented by 1, and the Input-Value is also updated accordingly.
  • the random sequence R mentioned above can be composed of at least one S.
  • the second STA needs to indicate the sequence number in advance (similar to the PN in Example 1) so that the first STA can generate a secure-LTF.
  • the first STA receives the second PPDU sent by the second STA (step S2810).
  • the second PPDU includes target bits, and the target bits are part or all of the bits occupied by the sequence number. Taking the case where the target bits are part of the bits occupied by the sequence number and the target bits include M bits (M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1), the target bits can be the M least significant bits, the M most significant bits, or any M bits among the bits occupied by the sequence number.
  • AP corresponds to the second STA in the foregoing text
  • STA2 or STA3 corresponds to the first STA in the foregoing text
  • the first information is carried in the PR frame in Fig. 29.
  • AP carries a sequence number in the data frame to STA1, and STA2 or STA3 can send a PR frame to AP based on the sequence number.
  • AP corresponds to the second STA in the foregoing text
  • STA2 or STA3 corresponds to the first STA in the foregoing text
  • the first information is the low latency indication in FIG. 30.
  • AP carries a sequence number in the data frame to STA1, and STA2 or STA3 can send a low latency indication to AP based on the sequence number.
  • AP continues to carry the sequence number through the trigger frame so that other STAs can send low latency indications through the reserved subchannel.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the carrying position of the target bit occupied by the sequence number in the second PPDU.
  • the second PPDU may include a second MAC frame, and the target bit may be carried in the second MAC frame.
  • the target bit may be carried in the preamble of the second PPDU. Two possible implementations are given below.
  • Example 2.1 The target bits occupied by the sequence number are carried in the MAC frame
  • the target bit is carried in the second MAC frame (the second MAC frame is carried in the second PPDU).
  • the second MAC frame can be a data frame, a control frame, or a management frame. Taking the data frame as an example, the second MAC frame can be an ordinary downlink data frame or a QoS Null frame. Taking the control frame as an example, the second MAC frame can be a trigger frame, such as a basic trigger frame.
  • the QoS Null frame, control frame, or management frame can be a QoS Null frame, control frame, or management frame attached to the downlink data frame. In other words, the QoS Null frame, control frame, or management frame can be carried in the same PPDU as the downlink data frame (i.e., the second PPDU mentioned above).
  • the first STA may also receive a third MAC frame sent by the second STA.
  • the third MAC frame may contain other bits except the target bit among the bits occupied by the sequence number.
  • the third MAC frame mentioned here may be a beacon frame, or it may be a MAC frame carried in the same PPDU as the second MAC frame.
  • the target bit may include the M least significant bits (M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) of the N bits occupied by the sequence number.
  • the remaining N-M bits may be carried in the third MAC frame (such as carried in a beacon frame for periodic broadcast).
  • the most significant bit changes less frequently, and carrying the most significant bit in a beacon frame can reduce the overhead required to indicate the sequence number.
  • the second MAC frame includes an A-Control field.
  • the sequence number may be carried in the A-Control field (the A-Control field may be located in the HT Control field).
  • the second MAC frame may be any type of frame including the A-Control field.
  • the second MAC frame may be a downlink data frame.
  • the second MAC frame may be a QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame (i.e., the QoS Null frame and the downlink data frame are both carried in the second PPDU).
  • FIG. 31 shows an example of a QoS Null frame. From As can be seen from Figure 31, the QoS Null frame includes an HT Control field, and the HT Control field includes an A-Control field. The sequence number can be carried in the control list of the A-Control field.
  • the sequence number may occupy more bits (such as 48 bits, 48 bits are used as an example in the following text)
  • 24 bits of the 48 bits can be carried in the second MAC frame (such as the downlink data frame), and the remaining 24 bits of the 48 bits can be carried in the third MAC frame (such as the QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame).
  • the sequence number can be obtained by splicing the bits in the second MAC frame and the third MAC frame together.
  • the AP can also carry the most significant 24 bits (or 22 bits) of the sequence number in the beacon frame for regular broadcasting, and the most significant 24 bits (or 22 bits) of the sequence number can remain unchanged within several beacon cycles (each beacon cycle is about 100ms).
  • the second MAC frame (such as the downlink data frame or the QoS Null frame attached to the downlink data frame) carries the least significant 24 bits (or 26 bits) of the sequence number.
  • the second MAC frame may include one or more special user information fields (such as special user information 2 fields).
  • the target bit may be carried in the one or more special user information fields.
  • the second MAC frame may be any type of frame containing a special user information field.
  • the second MAC frame may be a trigger frame (such as a basic trigger frame).
  • Figure 32 shows the frame format of the basic trigger frame. As shown in Figure 32, the basic trigger frame includes a user information list field.
  • the user information list field includes two special information user 2 fields.
  • the AID12 field value in the special user information 2 field may be any reserved value between 2008 and 2047.
  • One special user information 2 field may include 24 bits of a sequence number, and the sequence numbers in the two special user information 2 fields may be spliced together to obtain the sequence number value to be used.
  • the basic trigger frame may also carry only one special user information 2 field, including the least significant 24 bits (or 28 bits) of the sequence number, and the most significant 24 bits (or 20 bits) of the sequence number are carried in the beacon frame and broadcast regularly.
  • a bit is selected from the reserved bits of the general information of the basic trigger frame to indicate that the basic trigger frame carries one or two special user information 2 fields.
  • Embodiment 2.2 The target bits occupied by the sequence number are carried in the SIG
  • the second PPDU includes a SIG field, and the target bit is carried in the SIG field.
  • FIG. 33 shows a possible format of the second PPDU.
  • the second PPDU includes a UHR-SIG field, and the target bit can be carried in the UHR-SIG field.
  • the target bit is a portion of the bits occupied by the sequence number
  • the first STA may also receive a fourth MAC frame sent by the second STA.
  • the fourth MAC frame may include other bits in the bits occupied by the sequence number except the target bit.
  • the fourth MAC frame mentioned here may be a beacon frame.
  • the target bit may include the M least significant bits (M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1) of the N bits occupied by the sequence number.
  • M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1
  • the remaining N-M bits i.e., the N-M most significant bits occupied by the sequence number
  • the most significant bit changes less frequently, and carrying the most significant bit in the beacon frame can reduce the overhead required to indicate the sequence number.
  • the SIG field may include a user specific field.
  • the user specific field may include one or more special user fields.
  • the target bit may be carried in the one or more special user fields.
  • FIG. 33 the UHR-SIG field includes a user specific field, and one or more special user fields (i.e., the special user field, check code, and tail in FIG. 33) may be added to the user specific field, and the target bit may be carried in the special user field (FIG. 33 contains multiple sequence numbers, each of which represents a portion of the bits occupied by the sequence number, and multiple sequence numbers are spliced together to form a complete sequence number).
  • 5 special user fields may be added to the user specific field of the UHR-SIG field in the UHR MU PPDU for single-user transmission.
  • the first 4 special user fields of the 5 specific user fields carry 44 bits in the sequence number
  • the fifth special user field carries 4 bits in the sequence number.
  • 2, 3, or 4 special user fields are added to the user-specific field of the UHR-SIG field, of which the least significant 22 bits, the least significant 33 bits, or the least significant 44 bits carry the sequence number, and the corresponding most significant 26 bits, the most significant 15 bits, or the most significant 4 bits of the sequence number are carried and broadcasted regularly in the beacon frame. Similar processing can also be done in the UHR-SIG field in the UHR MU PPDU for OFDMA transmission.
  • the SIG field (such as the UHR-SIG field) includes a common field.
  • the common field may include fourth information.
  • the fourth information is used to indicate the number of one or more special user fields.
  • the common field may include one or more of the fields of spatial multiplexing, guard interval and LTF size, number of EHT-LTF symbols, LDPC additional symbol fragments, filling factor before FEC, packet extension deambiguation, and ignore, and the fourth information may be carried in the ignore field.
  • the bit value of the ignore field is all 1 by default, and the value of one of the bits can be set to 0 to indicate that the UHR-SIG field carries 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 special user fields.
  • Embodiment 2 is described in more detail below with reference to specific examples.
  • the STA that sends a preemption request or a low latency indication in the following example is the first STA mentioned above, and the AP is the second STA mentioned above.
  • the following examples are only intended to help those skilled in the art understand the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the specific numerical values or specific scenarios illustrated. Those skilled in the art can obviously make various equivalent modifications or changes based on the examples given, and such modifications or changes also fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • Example 3 AP does not distinguish STAs that send preemption requests and/or low latency indications
  • the PPDUs carrying the first information (used to seize the AP's TXOP or indicate low-latency data to be transmitted) sent by each STA including the first STA at the same time should be consistent.
  • each STA can use TB PPDU to ensure the consistency of preamble, and each STA needs to use the same MCS and NSS, and the number of LTF symbols generated by each STA needs to be consistent.
  • the MCS, NSS and number of LTF symbols used by each STA can be determined by predefinition or pre-negotiation.
  • the QAM value of each subcarrier of each LTF symbol generated by each STA also needs to be consistent.
  • secure-LTF needs to be generated by the same group key (such as GTK, IGTK, BIGTK or CGTK). Since the bandwidth occupied by the PPDUs sent by each STA to carry the first information may be different, the number of subcarriers of the secure-LTF corresponding to the PPDUs sent by each STA may also be different.
  • the maximum bandwidth of the PPDU can be predefined (for example, set to 20MHz) or pre-negotiated (for example, the default bandwidth of the preamble downlink PPDU sent by the AP), and then each STA generates and uses the same random sequence R according to the number of subcarriers of the maximum bandwidth. If the bandwidth of a STA is smaller, the STA can discard part of the random sequence R.
  • a STA actually sends 2 secure-LTF symbols, and each secure-LTF symbol occupies 122-tone. If the predefined or pre-negotiated maximum bandwidth is 80MHz (corresponding to each secure-LTF occupying 488-tone), the STA can use the first x bits of the random sequence R (for phase adjustment of the spatial stream) and the next 122 bits (for subcarrier QAM value adjustment) in the first secure-LTF symbol. Then, the STA can discard the next 366 bits in the random sequence R and use the next 122 bits in the random sequence R in the second secure-LTF symbol.
  • the AP may indicate the sequence number C in the preceding downlink frame and/or the downlink PPDU.
  • the indication method of the sequence number C is similar to the PN indication method in Example 1, and will not be described in detail here.
  • Example 4 AP distinguishes STAs that send preemption requests and/or low latency indications
  • the AP can identify the specific STA that sends the preemption request and/or low latency indication.
  • each STA needs to send a TB PPDU carrying the preemption request and/or low latency indication in a different frequency domain and/or time domain that is pre-assigned or negotiated. Accordingly, each STA sends secure-LTF in a different frequency domain and/or time domain that is pre-negotiated.
  • secure-LTF can be generated by a group key (such as GTK, IGTK, BIGTK or CGTK) or by a pairwise key (such as PTK or CPTK).
  • group key such as GTK, IGTK, BIGTK or CGTK
  • pairwise key such as PTK or CPTK
  • the AP may indicate the sequence number C in the preceding downlink frame and/or the SIG field of the downlink PPDU.
  • the indication method of the sequence number C is similar to the PN indication method of Example 1, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the first PPDU mentioned in the above embodiments may occupy part of the working bandwidth of the first STA, or may occupy the entire working bandwidth of the first STA. That is to say, the first STA may send the first information using a PPDU that occupies the entire working bandwidth of the first STA, or may send the first information using a PPDU that occupies only part of the working bandwidth of the first STA.
  • the secure-LTF also occupies the entire working bandwidth of the first STA; if the second information is secure-LTF, and the first PPDU occupies part of the working bandwidth of the first STA, then the secure-LTF also occupies the corresponding part of the working bandwidth of the first STA.
  • the related art considers protecting control frames with frame bodies. However, the related art does not consider protecting control frames without frame bodies. In many cases, if the control frames without frame bodies are not protected, the system may also be attacked. Therefore, the methods provided in the above embodiments can be applied to the protection of control frames without frame bodies.
  • the control frames without frame bodies mentioned here may include, for example, one or more of the following: RTS frame, CTS frame, contention free-end (CF-End) frame, acknowledgment (Ack) frame, power save-poll (PS-Poll) frame.
  • the MIC field mentioned above can be added to the above control frame.
  • the LTF of the PPDU carrying the above control frame can be set to secure-LTF. For a detailed description, please refer to the above text and will not be repeated here.
  • FIG34 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 3400 shown in FIG34 may be the first STA mentioned in each of the above embodiments.
  • the communication device 3400 may include a first communication module 3410.
  • the first communication module 3410 is used to send a first PPDU to a second STA, and the first PPDU includes first information and second information; wherein the first information is used to seize the transmission opportunity TXOP of the second STA and/or indicate that the first STA contains low-latency data to be transmitted; the second information is used to determine the legitimacy of the first STA.
  • the second information is generated based on a group key or a pairwise key.
  • the group key includes one or more of the following: GTK, IGTK, BIGTK, and CGTK.
  • the first PPDU occupies part or all of a working bandwidth of the first STA.
  • the first PPDU is used to carry a first MAC frame
  • the second information is the MIC in the first MAC frame
  • the first MAC frame includes a first FCS field, and the field corresponding to the MIC is located before or after the first FCS field.
  • the field corresponding to the MIC is located after the first FCS field, and the first MAC frame also includes a second FCS field, and the second FCS field is located after the field corresponding to the MIC.
  • the second information is a secure LTF in the first PPDU.
  • the second information is generated based on the first parameter; wherein the second information is a MIC and the first parameter is a packet sequence number, or the second information is a secure LTF and the first parameter is a sequence number.
  • the communication device 3400 also includes: a second communication module, used to receive a second PPDU sent by the second STA before the first STA sends a first PPDU to the second STA, the second PPDU including a target bit, and the target bit is part or all of the bits occupied by the first parameter.
  • the second PPDU is used to carry a second MAC frame, and the second MAC frame includes the target bit.
  • the second MAC frame includes an aggregation control field, and the target bit is carried in the aggregation control field.
  • the second MAC frame includes a general information field
  • the general information field includes third information
  • the third information is used to indicate the number of the one or more special user information fields.
  • the second MAC frame is a data frame, a control frame, or a management frame.
  • the communication device 3400 also includes: a third communication module, used to receive a third MAC frame sent by the second STA before the first STA sends the first PPDU to the second STA, and the third MAC frame contains other bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter except the target bit.
  • the third MAC frame is a beacon frame; or, the third MAC frame and the second MAC frame are both carried in the second PPDU.
  • the target bits include the M least significant bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the second PPDU includes a SIG field
  • the target bit is carried in the SIG field.
  • the general field includes an ignore field
  • the fourth information is carried in the ignore field
  • the fourth MAC frame is a beacon frame.
  • the target bits include the M least significant bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the second information is generated based on a group key or a pairwise key.
  • the group key includes one or more of the following: GTK, IGTK, BIGTK, and CGTK.
  • the first PPDU is used to carry a first MAC frame
  • the second information is the MIC in the first MAC frame
  • the first MAC frame includes a first FCS field, and the field corresponding to the MIC is located before or after the first FCS field.
  • the field corresponding to the MIC is located after the first FCS field, and the first MAC frame also includes a second FCS field, and the second FCS field is located after the field corresponding to the MIC.
  • the second information is a secure LTF in the first PPDU.
  • the second information is generated based on the first parameter; wherein the second information is a MIC and the first parameter is a packet sequence number, or the second information is a secure LTF and the first parameter is a sequence number.
  • the communication device 3500 also includes: a second communication module, used to send a second PPDU to the first STA before the second STA receives the first PPDU sent by the first STA, the second PPDU including a target bit, and the target bit is part or all of the bits occupied by the first parameter.
  • the second PPDU is used to carry a second MAC frame, and the second MAC frame includes the target bit.
  • the second MAC frame includes an aggregation control field, and the target bit is carried in the aggregation control field.
  • the second MAC frame includes one or more special user information fields, and the target bit is carried in the one or more special user information fields.
  • the second MAC frame includes a general information field
  • the general information field includes third information
  • the third information is used to indicate the number of the one or more special user information fields.
  • the second MAC frame is a trigger frame.
  • the second MAC frame is a data frame, a control frame, or a management frame.
  • the communication device 3500 also includes: a third communication module, used to send a third MAC frame to the second STA before the second STA receives the first PPDU sent by the first STA, and the third MAC frame includes other bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter except the target bit.
  • the third MAC frame is a beacon frame; or, the third MAC frame and the second MAC frame are both carried in the second PPDU.
  • the target bits include the M least significant bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the second PPDU includes a SIG field
  • the target bit is carried in the SIG field.
  • the user-specific field of the SIG field includes one or more special user fields, and the target information is carried in the one or more special user fields.
  • the SIG field includes a general field, the general field includes fourth information, and the fourth information is used to indicate the number of the one or more special user fields.
  • the general field includes an ignore field
  • the fourth information is carried in the ignore field
  • the communication device 3500 also includes: a fourth communication module, used to send a fourth MAC frame to the first STA before the second STA receives the first PPDU sent by the first STA, and the fourth MAC frame contains other bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter except the target bit.
  • the fourth MAC frame is a beacon frame.
  • the target bits include the M least significant bits of the bits occupied by the first parameter, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the second STA is an access point.
  • FIG36 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the dotted lines in FIG36 indicate that the unit or module is optional.
  • the device 3600 may be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiment.
  • the device 3600 may be a chip or a communication device.
  • the device 3600 may include one or more processors 3610.
  • the processor 3610 may support the device 3600 to implement the method described in the method embodiment above.
  • the processor 3610 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the apparatus 3600 may further include one or more memories 3620.
  • the memory 3620 stores a program, which can be executed by the processor 3610, so that the processor 3610 executes the method described in the above method embodiment.
  • the memory 3620 may be independent of the processor 3610 or integrated in the processor 3610.
  • the apparatus 3600 may further include a transceiver 3630.
  • the processor 3610 may communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 3630.
  • the processor 3610 may transmit and receive data with other devices or chips through the transceiver 3630.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to the communication device provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the program enables a computer to execute the method executed by the communication device in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a program.
  • the computer program product can be applied to the communication device provided in the present application, and the program enables the computer to execute the communication device in each embodiment of the present application. The method of doing.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.
  • the computer program can be applied to the terminal or network device provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program enables a computer to execute the method executed by the communication device in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the "indication" mentioned can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association relationship.
  • a indicates B which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association relationship between A and B.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B according to A does not mean determining B only according to A, and B can also be determined according to A and/or other information.
  • the term "corresponding" may indicate that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship of indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.
  • pre-definition or “pre-configuration” can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a device (for example, including a terminal device and a network device), and the present application does not limit the specific implementation method.
  • pre-definition can refer to what is defined in the protocol.
  • the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • the term “include” may refer to direct inclusion or indirect inclusion.
  • the term “include” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be replaced with “indicate” or “used to determine”.
  • “A includes B” may be replaced with “A indicates B” or "A is used to determine B”.
  • the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the "protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include a WiFi protocol and related protocols used in future WiFi communication systems, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be read by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)), etc.
  • a magnetic medium e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium e.g., a digital video disc (DVD)
  • DVD digital video disc
  • SSD solid state disk

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Abstract

提供了一种无线通信方法以及通信设备。所述方法包括:第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。

Description

无线通信方法以及通信设备 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域,并且更为具体地,涉及一种无线通信方法以及通信设备。
背景技术
相关技术中,如果站点(station,STA)存在待传输的低时延数据,则STA可以向接入点(access point,AP)发送抢占请求(preemption request,PR),以获取传输机会(transmission opportunity,TXOP)。
发明内容
本申请提供一种无线通信方法以及通信设备。下面对本申请涉及的各个方面进行介绍。
第一方面,提供一种无线通信方法,包括:第一STA向第二STA发送第一物理协议数据单元(physical protocol data unit,PPDU),所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
第二方面,提供一种无线通信方法,包括:第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
第三方面,提供一种通信设备,所述通信设备为第一STA,所述通信设备包括:第一通信模块,用于向第二STA发送第一PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
第四方面,提供一种通信设备,所述通信设备为第二STA,所述通信设备包括:第一通信模块,用于接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
第五方面,提供一种通信设备,包括处理器以及存储器,所述存储器用于存储一个或多个计算机程序,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的计算机程序使得所述通信设备执行第一方面和/或第二方面的方法中的部分或全部步骤。
第六方面,本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统,该系统包括上述的通信设备。在另一种可能的设计中,该系统还可以包括本申请实施例提供的方案中与该通信设备进行交互的其他设备。
第七方面,本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序使得通信设备执行上述各个方面的方法中的部分或全部步骤。
第八方面,本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品,其中,所述计算机程序产品包括存储了计算机程序的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机程序可操作来使通信设备执行上述各个方面的方法中的部分或全部步骤。在一些实现方式中,该计算机程序产品可以为一个软件安装包。
第九方面,本申请实施例提供了一种芯片,该芯片包括存储器和处理器,处理器可以从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序,以实现上述各个方面的方法中所描述的部分或全部步骤。
本申请实施例中,第一PPDU携带第一信息,第一信息用于抢占第二STA的TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据。此外,本申请实施例要求携带第一信息的PPDU同时携带第二信息,第二信息用于确定发送第一信息的STA的合法性。要求PPDU同时携带第一信息和第二信息,可以保证通信系统的安全性。
附图说明
图1为可应用本申请实施例的无线通信系统的示意图。
图2为消息完整码(message integrity code,MIC)在数据帧中的位置的示意图。
图3为媒体访问控制(medium access control,MAC)协议数据单元(MAC protocol data unit,MPDU)的加密过程的示意图。
图4为附加认证数据(additional authentication data,AAD)的构造方式示意图。
图5为随机数字段的格式示意图。
图6为MPDU的解密过程示意图。
图7广播/组播完整性协议(broadcast/multicast integrity protocol,BIP)的格式示意图。
图8为图7中的管理MIC元素(management MIC element,MME)的格式示意图。
图9为BIP的AAD的构造方式示意图。
图10为空数据PPDU(null data PPDU,NDP)反馈报告(NDP feedback report poll,NFRP)的格式示意图。
图11为NDP反馈报告参数集元素的格式示意图。
图12为NDP的格式示意图。
图13为抢占请求的传输过程的一个示例图。
图14为抢占请求的传输过程的另一示例图。
图15为低时延指示的传输过程的示例图。
图16为本申请一个实施例提供的无线通信方法的流程示意图。
图17为允许发送(clear-to-send,CTS)帧的格式示意图。
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种控制帧的格式示意图。
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种CTS帧的格式示意图。
图20为本申请另一实施例提供的无线通信方法的流程示意图。
图21为本申请一个实施例提供的包序号(packet number,PN)的交互方式示意图。
图22为本申请另一实施例提供的PN的交互方式示意图。
图23为本申请一个实施例提供的PN承载位置的示例图。。
图24为本申请另一实施例提供的PN承载位置的示例图。
图25为本申请又一实施例提供的PN承载位置的示例图。
图26为多用户请求发送(multi user request-to-send,MU-RTS)触发帧的格式示意图。
图27为本申请又一实施例提供的PN承载位置的示例图。
图28为本申请又一实施例提供的无线通信方法的流程示意图。
图29为本申请一个实施例提供的序列号的交互方式示意图。
图30为本申请另一实施例提供的序列号的交互方式示意图。
图31为本申请一个实施例提供的序列号承载位置的示例图。
图32为本申请另一实施例提供的序列号承载位置的示例图。
图33为本申请又一实施例提供的序列号承载位置的示例图。
图34为本申请一个实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图。
图35为本申请另一实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图。
图36为可应用本申请实施例的装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
通信系统
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统,例如:无线局域网(wireless local area networks,WLAN)、无线保真(wireless fidelity,WiFi)或其他通信系统等。
图1是本申请实施例应用的无线通信系统100。该无线通信系统100可以包括接入点110,以及通过接入点(access point,AP)110接入网络的站点(station,STA)120。
在一些场景中,AP或称AP STA,即在某种意义上来说,AP也是一种STA。
在一些场景中,STA或称非AP STA(non-AP STA)。
在通信系统100中的通信可以是AP与STA之间的通信,也可以是STA与STA之间的通信,或者STA和对等站点(peer STA)之间的通信。对等站点可以指与STA对端通信的设备,例如,对等站点可能为AP,也可能为STA。
AP相当于有线网和无线网之间的桥梁,主要作用是将各个无线网络客户端连接到一起,然后将无线网络接入以太网。AP设备可以是带有WiFi芯片的终端设备(如手机(mobile phone))或者网络设备(如路由器)。
应理解,通信系统100中的各个通信设备的角色不是绝对的。以手机为例,在手机连接路由的场景中,手机是STA;在手机作为其他手机的热点的场景中,手机充当了AP的角色。
AP和STA可以是应用于车联网中的设备,物联网(internet of things,IoT)中的物联网节点、传感器等,智慧家居中的智能摄像头,智能遥控器,智能水表电表等,以及智慧城市中的传感器等。
在一些实施例中,STA和AP均可以支持802.11be制式。STA或AP也可以支持802.11ax、802.11ac、 802.11n、802.11g、802.11b及802.11a等多种当前以及未来的802.11家族的WLAN制式。
STA和AP之间存在一个或多个链路。在一些实施例中,STA和AP支持多频段通信。例如,STA和AP可以同时在2.4GHz,5GHz,6GHz,45GHz以及60GHz频段上进行通信,或者同时在同一频段(或不同频段)的不同信道上通信,以提高设备之间的通信吞吐量和/或可靠性。这种设备通常称为多频段设备,或称为多链路设备(multi-link device,MLD),有时也称为多链路实体或多频段实体。多链路设备可以是接入点设备,也可以是站点设备。如果多链路设备是接入点设备,则多链路设备可以包含一个或多个AP;如果多链路设备是站点设备,则多链路设备可以包含一个或多个non-AP STA。
包括一个或多个AP的多链路设备可称为接入点多链路设备(access point multi-link device,AP MLD),包括一个或多个non-AP STA的多链路设备可称为非接入点多链路设备(non-ap multi-link device,non-AP MLD)。
在本申请实施例中,AP可以包括多个AP,non-AP STA可以包括多个STA。该多个AP与该多个STA之间可以形成多条链路,且该多个AP与该多个STA之间可以通过对应的链路进行数据通信。
在本申请实施例中,STA可以是支持WLAN/WiFi技术的手机、平板电脑(Pad)、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device,MID)、可穿戴设备,虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality,AR)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端等。
WLAN技术可支持频段可以包括但不限于:低频段(例如2.4GHz、5GHz、6GHz)、高频段(例如45GHz、60GHz)。
图1示例性地示出了一个AP和两个STA,可选地,该通信系统100可以包括多个AP以及包括其它数量的STA,本申请实施例对此不做限定。在图1中,AP、STA 120a和STA 120b可以位于同一基本服务集(basic service set,BSS)中。AP可以与STA 120a相互关联。AP可以与STA 120b相互关联。
应理解,本申请实施例中,网络/系统中的具有通信功能的设备可称为通信设备。以图1示出的通信系统100为例,通信设备可包括具有通信功能的AP 110和STA 120。此外,本申请实施例提及的通信设备还可包括通信系统100中的其他设备,例如网络控制器、网关等其他网络实体(图1中未示出),本申请实施例中对此不做限定。
AP和STA可以部署在陆地上,包括室内或室外、手持或车载;也可以部署在水面上;还可以部署在空中的飞机、气球和卫星上。本申请实施例中对AP和STA所处的场景不做限定。
应理解,本申请中的通信设备的全部或部分功能也可以通过在硬件上运行的软件功能来实现,或者通过平台(例如云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能来实现。
单播数据帧和/或单播管理帧的消息完整码(message integrity code,MIC)
如图2所示,根据标准Draft P802.11REVme_D4.1,计数器模式(counter mode,CTR)密码块链(cipher block chaining,CBC)消息认证码(message authentication code,MAC)协议(CTR with CBC-MAC protocol,CCMP)会在媒介访问控制协议数据单元(medium access control(MAC)protocol data unit,MPDU,或称MAC帧)帧头和帧体之间插入CCMP头,并在加密的帧体中包括加密的MIC,从而实现数据帧的加密和完整性保护。
CCMP-128在原始MPDU基础上增加了16字节,其中,CCMP头和MIC字段各占该16字节中的8个字节。CCMP-256在原始MPDU基础上增加了24字节,其中,CCMP头占8字节,MIC字段占16字节。CCMP头基于PN,ExtIV以及密钥标识(Key ID)子字段构建。PN包括48比特,通过6个字节表示。PN5是PN的最高有效字节;PN0是PN的最低有效字节。
如图3所示,CCMP使用MPDU头中的字段构AAD。CCM算法为AAD中的字段提供完整性保护。在计算AAD时,MPDU头中的在重传过程中可能改变的字段被去除。
图4示出了协议版本0(protocol version,PV0)MPDU的AAD的构造。其中,FC表示MPDU的被用掩码0遮蔽了某些子字段的帧控制(frame control,FC)字段。A1表示MPDU的地址1字段。A2表示MPDU的地址2字段。A3表示MPDU的地址3字段。SC表示MPDU的遮蔽了序列号子字段之后的序列控制(sequence control,SC)字段。A4表示MPDU地址4字段(如果存在的话)。QC表示MPDU的包括MAC服务数据单元(MAC service data unit,MSDU)优先级的服务质量(quanlity of service null,QoS)控制字段(如果存在的话)。
参见图5,CCM随机数(nonce)可以基于PN,A2(MPDU地址2)以及MPDU的优先级构建,具体可以参见标准“Draft P802.11REVme_D4.1”的第12.5.2.3.4节。如果FC字段的类型字段的二进制(最高有效位在前)取值为10(10表示数据帧),且MPDU头存在QoS控制字段,则MPDU的优先级 取值等于流量标识符(traffic identifier,TID)子字段的取值。如果FC字段的类型字段的二进制(最高有效位在前)取值为00(00表示管理帧),且该帧是QoS管理帧(QoS management frame,QMF),则MPDU的优先级取值等于序列号字段的接入类型索引(access category index,ACI)子字段的取值。否则,MPDU的优先级取值等于固定值0。
如图3所示,基于临时密钥、AAD、随机数以及MPDU数据,可以形成密文以及加密的MIC。CCM加密算法在IETF RFC 3610中有描述。上文描述的密钥、随机数、明文数据以及AAD会提供给CCM加密算法,作为该加密算法中的K,N,m以及a。CCM加密算法会生成结果c。结果c包括加密消息以及加密的认证值U。加密的消息代表的是加密的帧体,认证值U代表的是MIC。
简而言之,CCM加密是将帧头的一部分(即组成AAD的字段)和帧体连接在一起后生成MIC,并将帧体分块加密生成加密的数据,具体可以参见IETF RFC 3610Counter with CBC-MAC(CCM)。该加密算法简述如下。
待验证输入信息为:B_0||a||padding||m||padding,其中,B_0为包含随机数(nouce)和待验证内容的总长度信息,a表示AAD,m表示待加密的消息,||表示字符串拼接。
对待验证输入信息进行加密(基于高级加密标准(advanced encryption standard,AES)):X_1=E(K,B_0),X_i+1=E(K,X_i XOR B_i);for i=1,...,n,XOR表示异或运算。
生成验证字段T:=first-M-bytes(X_n+1)。
对自增计数器加密生成密码流:S_i=E(K,A_i)for i=0,1,2,...
生成加密消息x:c=m XOR(S_1||S_2||…)。
生成验证值U:U=T XOR first-M-bytes(S_0)。
生成最终的加密内容c:x||U。
图6示出了接收方的CCM处理过程。接收方校验认证值以及帧体的完整性,并解密帧体。MIC的校验是通过比较接收到的MIC与计算出的MIC之间的差异实现的。只有MIC校验成功,才会返回明文。
与CCMP类似,伽罗瓦计数器模式(galois/counter mode,GCM)协议(GCM protocol,GCMP)在MAC帧头和帧体之间插入GCMP头,并在加密的帧体和帧校验序列(frame check sequence,FCS)之间插入MIC来实现数据帧的加密和完整性保护。该协议采用GCM方法(基于AES算法)来生成MIC和加密的数据,参见NIST Special Publication 800-38D。具体而言,可以将密钥、随机数、明文数据以及AAD传递至GCM加密算法,分别作为K,IV,P以及A。GCM加密算法产生密文C以及认证标签T。密文C表示的是加密的帧体,T表示的是MIC。
广播管理帧和组播管理帧的MIC
根据标准Draft P802.11REVme_D4.1,在广播/组播完整性协议(Broadcast/multicast integrity protocol,BIP)中,使用信标完整性组临时密钥(beacon integrity group temporal key,BIGTK)来为信标帧(一种广播管理帧)生成MIC,使用完整性组临时密钥(integrity group temporal key,IGTK)来为组播管理帧生成MIC,MIC在BIP中的封装位置参见图7和图8。
BIP-CMAC-128使用CMAC模式中的AES-128(具有128比特的完整性密钥)以及128比特(16字节)的CMAC TLen值提供数据完整性和重放保护。BIP-CMAC-256使用CMAC模式中的AES-256(具有256比特的完整性密钥)以及128比特(16字节)的CMAC TLen值提供数据完整性和重放保护。NIST Special Publication 800-38B定义了CMAC算法,NIST Special Publication 800-38D定义了GMAC算法。针对BIP-CMAC-256,CMAC的输出为128比特(16字节),不进行截断处理。针对BIP-CMAC-128,CMAC的输出截断为64比特:MIC=Truncate-64(CMAC Output)。
前文提到,BIP-CMAC-128使用具有128比特完整性密钥的AES,BIP-CMAC-256使用具有256比特完整性密钥的AES。BIP-CMAC-128和BIP-CMAC-256的认证标签应当为128比特(16字节),不进行截断处理。
BIP的AAD基于MPDU头构建。AAD基于MPDU的FC字段、MPDU的地址1(A1)字段,MPDU的地址2(A2)字段以及MPDU的地址3(A3)字段构建。其中,在构建AAD时,FC字段中的重试(retry)子字段(比特编号11,从0开始编号,代表第12个最低有效比特),省电管理(power management)子字段(比特12),和更多数据(more data)子字段(比特13)被用掩码0遮蔽,其他子字段不进行调整。图9示出了AAD的格式。AAD的长度为20字节。
对于BIP-GMAC-128和BIP-GMAC-256,传递至GMAC的初始向量应当是以下二者的连接(concatenation):MPDU的MAC头中的A2以及MME IPN/BIPN字段中插入的非负整数。
将AAD和包含MME的管理帧帧体连接在一起来计算出MIC并将输出插入MME的MIC字段,如果是受保护的信标帧,则计算时将帧体中的时间戳字段用掩码0遮蔽。对于BIP-CMAC-128,该MIC 为64比特,且该MIC基于AES-128-CMAC计算得到。对于BIP-CMAC-256,该MIC为128比特,且该MIC基于AES-128-GMAC计算得到。
综上所述,BIP将管理帧帧头的一部分(即组成AAD的字段)和帧体(包括MME,主要包括MME中的IPN/BIPN)连接在一起后(记为m),采用CMAC或GMAC方法生成MIC。
CMAC是基于CBC-MAC方法的一种变体,参见NIST SP800-38B-CMAC。BIGTK或IGTK,m,和MIC的长度分别作为CMAC的输入参数K,M,Tlen。
GMAC是GCM方法的一种特殊形式,用于在未加密的数据上生成消息认证码,参见NIST Special Publication 800-38D。BIGTK或IGTK,IV(由A2和IPN/BIPN连接组成),m和AAD分别作为GMAC的输入参数K,IV,P,以及A。
NFR
根据标准Draft P802.11REVme_D4.1,AP可以发送NDP反馈轮询(NDP feedback report poll,NFRP)触发帧来获取多个STA的NDP。图10示出了NFRP的帧格式。在接收到该NFRP触发帧后,STA传输NDP(该NDP的格式称为高效(high efficiency,HE)基于触发(trigger based,TB)反馈(feedback)NDP)作为响应。当STA的缓存数据的字节数大于或等于资源请求缓存门限(resource request buffer threshold)时,STA的反馈状态(FEEDBACK_STATUS)值为1;否则,STA的FEEDBACK_STATUS值为0(FEEDBACK_STATUS将被用于调制传输NDP的长训练字段(long training field,LTF)的子载波)。资源请求缓存门限可以由AP在信标帧(beacon)和/或探测响应(probe response)帧和/或关联响应(association response)帧和/或重关联响应(reassociation response)帧中的NDP反馈报告参数集(NDP feedback report parameter set)元素中指示。或者,在未收到该指示的情况下,资源请求缓存门限为默认值。该默认值可以是256字节。
图11示出了NDP反馈报告参数集元素的格式。资源请求缓存门限指数字段(resource request buffer threshold exponent field)用于计算两次不同的资源请求之间的缓存门限。假设资源请求缓存门限指数字段的取值为a,则资源请求缓存门限值可以等于2a个字节。如果AP未发送NDP反馈报告参数集元素,则资源请求缓存门限可以等于256字节。
HE TB feedback NDP格式如图12所示。参见图12,该NDP格式采用了HE TB PPDU格式,与HE TB PPDU格式不同的是,该NDP格式没有数据字段。该NDP格式的包扩展(packet extension,PE)字段时长为0微秒。该NDP格式有2个类型为4x HE-LTF的符号,所使用的保护间隔(guard interval,GI)是3.2微秒。1x HE-LTF符号持续时长为3.2微秒,2x HE-LTF符号持续时长为6.4微秒,4x HE-LTF符号持续时长为12.8微秒,以上时长均未计算GI。
HE-LTF字段中的不同资源单元子载波集合索引(RU_TONE_SET_INDEX)用于标识不同non-AP STA的关联标识(association identity,AID)以及反馈状态(FEEDBACK_STATUS),具体如表一所示:
表一:HE TB feedback NDP(11ax)的HE-LTF子载波映射

当NFRP触发帧中的空间复用用户数(number of spatially multiplexed users)字段取值为0时,每个RU_TONE_SET_INDEX对应一个non-AP STA(AID)。当带宽为20MHz时,对于使用RU_TONE_SET_INDEX=1的non-AP STA来说,FEEDBACK_STATUS=1对应HE-LTF中的第-113,-77,-41,6,42,78子载波有能量,其他子载波都没有能量;FEEDBACK_STATUS=0对应HE-LTF中的第-112,-76,-40,7,43,79子载波有能量,其他子载波都没有能量。当带宽为40MHz或80MHz时,将20MHz的子载波映射关系分别扩展1倍和3倍,从而可以映射更多的non-AP STA(AID)。NFRP触发帧中的起始关联标志符与RU_TONE_SET_INDEX值1相对应。例如起始关联标志符为6,则AID值为6的non-AP STA对应RU_TONE_SET_INDEX值1,AID值为7的non-AP STA对应RU_TONE_SET_INDEX值2,依次类推。
当NFRP触发帧中的空间复用用户数字段取值为1时,每个RU_TONE_SET_INDEX对应两个non-AP STA(AID),且这两个non-AP STA通过预先分配好的不同的预编码矩阵来区分。NFRP触发帧中的起始关联标志符与RU_TONE_SET_INDEX值1相对应。例如起始关联标志符为6,则AID值分别为6和7的两个non-AP STA对应RU_TONE_SET_INDEX值1,AID值为8和9的两个的non-AP STA对应RU_TONE_SET_INDEX值2,依次类推。
使用较小的帧间间隔传输抢占请求(preemption request,PR)
相关提案(11-23-1229-01-0uhr-preemption-for-low-latency-application-follow-up)提出一种使用较小的帧间间隔传输抢占请求的方案。参见图13和图14,AP将下行的较长的PPDU分成多个较短的PPDU。该多个较短的PPDU以x帧间间隔(x interframe space,xIFS)连续传输。xIFS待定,例如可以是优先帧间间隔(priority interframe space,PIFS)。在第一个短PPDU的前导码(preamble)中指示一段时长(例如本次传输时长)内的传输是否可以被抢占(preemption)。如果可以被抢占,有待传输的低时延数据的其他STA(如图14中的STA2,STA3)可以使用比xIFS更短的帧间间隔(Tp)来传输一个抢占请求(类似于一个CTS帧)给AP,从而打断AP的下行传输。
MU-RTS和传输抢占请求
相关提案(11-23-1950-00-00bn-considerations-on-preemption-request)提出了传输抢占请求的两种序列。该两种序列可用于保护抢占后的传输不被重叠基本服务集(overlapping basic service set,OBSS)中的隐藏节点所干扰。例如,可以在将要进行抢占传输之前用MU-RTS/CTS序列来保护传输介质。或者,在将要进行抢占传输的TXOP的开始阶段用MU-RTS/CTS序列来保护传输介质。
因为可能有多个STA同时传输抢占请求帧,为了防止冲突,该提案还提出携带抢占请求帧的PPDU必须保持一致。为了使得多个STA传输的PPDU保持一致,可以在前序PPDU的信号(signal,SIG)字段(如通用信号(universal signal,U-SIG)字段或超高可靠性(ultra high reliablity,UHR)-SIG字段)中指示抢占请求帧将要使用的加扰初始化值(scrambler initialization value)和接收机地址(receiver address,RA)。其中,scrambler initialization value携带在PPDU的preamble中,用于生成PPDU的扰码序列;RA指示接收该帧的STA。或者,也可以将抢占请求帧将要使用的scrambler initialization value和RA设置为固定值。
低时延指示
相关技术还提供了一种低时延数据优先传输的方法。在方法中,STA可以在预留的资源单元(resource unit,RU)上向AP(通过CTS或修改的NDP)指示有待传输的低时延数据和/或需要抢占TXOP。
例如,如图15所示,AP获取到了TXOP,且AP与第一STA进行至少一次下行传输。第一STA在对AP进行上行响应或确认时预留至少一个子信道或RU。若其他STA在该上行响应或确认前产生了待发送的低时延数据,则其他STA可以在该上行响应或确认时使用预留的子信道或RU发送低时延指示。AP收到该低时延指示后,将使用缓存状态报告轮询(buffer status report poll,BSRP)触发帧来获取多个STA的缓存状态报告或使用NFRP来获取多个STA的NDP。然后,使用基于触发帧的上行传输流程来触发各个STA进行上行传输。
MAC帧头和控制帧的保护
根据相关提案(如11-23-0312-00-0uhr-thoughts-on-secure-control-frames,11-23-0356-01-0uhr-mac-header-protection,11-23-1888-01-00bn-mac-header-protection-follow-up,11-23-0352-01-0uhr-enhanced-security-discussion,11-23-1102-00-0uhr-security-enhancement-follow-up,11-23-0286-00-0uhr-trigger-frame-protection,11-23-1914-00-00bn-enhanced-security-considerations-in-uhr),MAC帧头有一部分并未进行保护,因而可能会被攻击者用于发送仿冒的QoS Null帧或重放QoS数据帧来使得STA进行不必要的处理(例如准备并传输TB PPDU),从而耗电。或者,被攻击者可能仿冒STA进入省电模式后,继续仿冒STA重新关联AP,从而获得AP之前缓存的数据,导致数据泄密。上述提案还指出,MAC帧头需要单独计算MIC,而不应该与帧体一起加密,这是因为MAC帧头在重传的时候会发生变化,从而需要重新计算MIC(MAC帧头的数据量小,因而计算开销小),而帧体在重传的时候不会重新加密(帧体的数据量大,因而计算开销大)。
上述提案还指出,目前有帧体的控制帧(例如触发帧(trigger frame,TF),块确认请求(block ack request,BAR)帧,块确认(block ack,BA)帧,NDP宣告(NDP announcement,NDPA)帧)是未被保护的。因此,此类帧可能被攻击者用于触发STA发起不必要的传输,从而耗电;或者,此类帧可能被攻击者仿冒,从而导致数据丢失。因此,上述提案指出,可以采用MIC机制来对MAC帧头和控制帧的帧体进行完整性校验,从而防篡改。MIC可以采用专用于控制帧保护的控制组临时密钥(control group temporal key,CGTK)生成,也可以采用专用于控制帧保护的控制成对临时密钥(control pairwise transient key,CPTK)生成。
根据前文的描述可知,为了满足低时延数据的传输需求,相关技术引入了一些机制。例如,如果STA存在待传输的低时延数据,则STA可以向AP发送抢占请求,以获取TXOP。又如,STA可以通过传输低时延指示,以指示有待传输的低时延数据和/或需要抢占TXOP。但是,如何确保此类机制的安全性,是需要解决的问题。例如,在传输抢占请求的过程中,相关技术并未考虑对抢占请求进行保护,因此攻击者可以仿冒STA发送抢占请求,导致AP的下行传输被不必要的打断,从而增大传输时延。并 且,如果攻击者仿冒STA发送抢占请求,还会导致AP触发STA进行不必要的传输,从而耗电。类似地,在传输低时延指示的过程中,相关技术并未考虑对抢占请求进行保护。因此,攻击者可以仿冒STA发送低时延指示,导致AP的下行传输被不必要的打断从而增大传输时延。并且,如果攻击者仿冒STA发送低时延指示,还会导致AP触发STA进行不必要的传输从而耗电。
针对上述问题,下文对本申请实施例进行详细介绍。
图16为本申请实施例提供的无线通信方法的流程示意图。图16的方法是站在第一STA和第二STA交互的角度进行描述的。第一STA可以是希望抢占TXOP的STA,或者,第一STA可以是具有待传输的低时延数据(或流量)的STA。第二STA可以是TXOP的拥有者。作为示例,第一STA是non-AP STA,第二STA是AP;或者,第一STA和第二STA均是non-AP STA。
参见图16,在步骤S1610,第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU。该第一PPDU包括第一信息。第一信息可用于抢占第二STA的TXOP和/或指示第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据。如果第一信息用于抢占第二STA的TXOP,则第一信息可以被称为抢占请求或抢占信号。如果第一信息用于指示第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据,则第一信息可以被称为低时延指示。
本申请实施例对第一信息在第一PPDU中的承载方式不作具体限定。在一些实现方式中,第一PPDU可以包括第一MAC帧,第一信息可承载于该第一MAC帧中。该第一MAC帧可以称为抢占请求帧或低时延指示帧。第一MAC帧例如可以为CTS帧。在另一些实现方式中,第一信息也可以承载于第一PPDU的preamble中,例如NDP的preamble中。
除了第一信息之外,第一PPDU还包括第二信息。第二信息用于确定(或校验)第一STA的合法性。也就是说,第二信息用于确定(或校验)第一信息(或包含第一信息的帧,或包含第一信息的PPDU)是通过合法STA(合法STA可以指该STA是经过认证关联并且有正确的传输密钥的STA)发送的。或者说,第二信息可用于确定(或校验)包含第一信息的帧的完整性(以防包含第一信息的帧被篡改)或包含第一信息的PPDU的完整性(以防包含第一信息的PPDU被仿冒)。本申请实施例引入第二信息对第一信息的传输进行安全保护。基于第二信息,第二STA可以识别发送第一信息的STA是否为合法STA,从而防止第二STA的传输被攻击者打断和/或防止第二STA触发其他STA进行不必要的传输,从而提升通信过程的安全性。
在一些实现方式中,第二信息可以基于某种类型的密钥加密生成。例如,第二信息可以是基于组密钥加密生成的信息。这里提到的组密钥例如可以是以下中的一种或多种的组合:组临时密钥(group temporal key,GTK),完整性组临时密钥(integrity group temporal key,IGTK),BIGTK以及CGTK。例如,在多个STA同时发送第一信息的情况下,如果不需要对该多个STA进行区分,则可以采用组密钥加密生成第二信息,并与第一信息一同发送,从而验证发送第一信息的STA的合法性。
在一些实现方式中,第二信息可以是基于成对密钥加密生成的信息。这里提到的成对密钥例如可以是成对临时密钥(pairwise transient key,PTK),或CPTK。例如,在多个STA同时发送第一信息的情况下,如果需要对该多个STA进行区分,则可以采用成对密钥加密生成第二信息,并与第一信息一同发送,从而验证发送第一信息的STA的合法性。当然,在这种情况下,多个STA发送的第二信息也可以采用前文提到的组密钥进行加密,而多个STA之间的区分可以采用其他方式实现。例如,可以预先为多个STA分配或协商不同的时域、频域和/或码域资源。
本申请实施例对第二信息在第一PPDU中的承载方式不作具体限定。例如,第一PPDU可以包括第一MAC帧,第二信息可承载于该第一MAC帧中。又如,第二信息可以承载于第一PPDU的preamble中。下面结合两个实施例,对第二信息的内容以及承载方式进行更为详细地举例说明。
实施例一:第二信息承载于MAC帧中
实施例一中,第一PPDU用于承载第一MAC帧,第二信息承载于第一MAC帧中。例如,第二信息可以为承载于第一MAC帧中的MIC。前文提到,第一MAC帧可以为抢占请求帧或低时指示帧;相应地,第二信息可用于确定(或校验)发送该抢占请求帧或低时指示帧的STA的合法性。或者,第二信息可用于确定(或校验)该抢占请求帧或低时指示帧的完整性。
MIC的生成方式可以参见前文中的“广播管理帧和组播管理帧的MIC”一节的相关描述。下面以第一MAC帧为CTS帧为例,对MIC的生成方式进行举例说明。
图17示出了CTS帧的帧格式。可以将整个帧头(包括FC,持续时长(duration),RA)和PN以及FCS(可选)连接在一起作为待验证消息(记为m)。将密钥(如成对密钥或组密钥),m,MIC的长度(128比特或256比特)分别作为CMAC的输入参数K,M,Tlen,采用CMAC方法生成MIC。CMAC是基于CBC-MAC的一种变体,参见NIST SP800-38B-CMAC。
或者,可以将整个帧头(包括FC,duration,RA)和PN以及FCS(可选)连接在一起作为AAD,将整个帧头(包括FC,duration,RA)和FCS(可选)作为待验证消息(记为m),将RA和PN连接 在一起作为初始向量。然后,可以将密钥(如成对密钥或组密钥),初始向量,m以及AAD分别作为GMAC的输入参数K,IV,P以及A,采用GMAC方法生成MIC。GMAC是GCM方法的一种特殊形式,用于在未加密的数据上生成MIC,具体可以参见NIST Special Publication 800-38D。
本申请实施例对MIC字段在第一MAC帧中的位置不作具体限定。
在一些实现方式中,第一MAC帧包括第一FCS字段,MIC字段位于第一FCS字段之前。例如,第一MAC帧可以是新定义的控制帧或管理帧。MIC字段可以携带在该控制帧或管理帧的FCS字段之前。图18示出了本申请实施例提出的一种控制帧的帧格式。前文提到的第一信息为图18中的抢占信息。从图18可以看出,MIC字段位于该控制帧的FCS之前。
在一些实现方式中,第一MAC帧包括第一FCS字段,MIC字段位于第一FCS字段之后。以第一MAC帧为如图19所示的CTS帧为例,第一FCS字段可以是图19中的FCS1字段。从图19可以看出,MIC位于FCS1之后。进一步地,在一些实现方式中,可以在MIC字段之后增加第二FCS字段(即图19中的FCS2字段)。该FCS2字段可用于整个帧体、FCS1和MIC的循环冗余校验(cyclic redundancy check,CRC)。FCS2的计算算法可以采用与FCS1相同的计算算法。将MIC字段设置在FCS字段之后,MIC字段之前的格式可以保持不变,因此实现简单。
前文提到,MIC可以基于PN生成。PN可用于防重放攻击。重放攻击指的是攻击者可以缓存一个监听到的帧,然后将它无修改地再发送一次。如果没有防重放机制,那么攻击者可以将该重发的帧处理为一个合法的帧。PN一般是一个自增的整数,也可以是每次随机生成的整数。基于PN生成MIC可以在每一次传输时都生成一个新的MIC。即使重发的帧与之前的帧的内容完全一样,由于PN不同,重发的帧也会携带不同的MIC,从而能够起到防止重放攻击的作用。PN可以是16比特,或24比特,或32比特,或48比特,或更多数量的比特,在本方案中以使用48比特为例。
在某些场景中,用于生成MIC的PN可以由第二STA通过前序下行传输(可以是MAC帧,也可以是PPDU)发送至第一STA。例如,如果第二STA不区分发送第一信息(如抢占请求或低时延指示)的STA,则为了防止冲突,各个STA在同一时刻发送的携带第一信息的PPDU需要保持一致。为了保证这一点,各个STA需要发送相同类型的PPDU,如非高吞吐率PPDU(non high throughput PPDU,non-HT PPDU),非高吞吐率复制PPDU(non-HT duplicate PPDU),或者采用TB PPDU。此外,各个STA需要保证preamble一致,且需要预定义或预先协商好采用相同的调制编码阶数(modulation and coding scheme,MCS)和空间流数(number of spatial streams,NSS)。此外,第二STA需要提前给各个STA发送一个同样的PN值,使得各个STA生成的MIC相同。
下面结合图20,对PN的交互方式进行举例说明。
参见图20,在执行步骤S1610之前,第一STA接收第二STA发送的第二PPDU(参见图20中的步骤S2010)。第二PPDU包括目标比特,目标比特为PN占用的部分或全部比特。以目标比特为PN占用的部分比特,且目标比特包括M个比特(M为大于或等于1的正整数)为例,则目标比特可以为PN占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M个最高有效比特,或任意M个比特。
第二STA可以在当前TXOP内通过第二PPDU向第一STA传输PN。或者,如果一个TXOP仅允许被抢占一次,则第二STA可以提前设置该TXOP的抢占将会用到的PN。例如,第二STA可以提前用一个管理帧或触发帧(如基本触发帧)将PN告知包括第一STA在内的各个STA。
作为一个示例,参见图21,AP对应于前文中的第二STA,STA2或STA3对应于前文中的第一STA,第一信息承载于图21中的PR帧中。参见图21,AP在给STA1的数据帧中携带了PN,STA2或STA3可以基于该PN向AP发送PR帧。
作为另一示例,参见图22,AP对应于前文中的第二STA,STA2或STA3对应于前文中的第一STA,第一信息为图22中的低时延指示。参见图22,AP在给STA1的数据帧中携带了PN,STA2或STA3可以基于该PN向AP发送低时延指示。此外,AP在收到STA2和STA3的QoS Null帧之后,继续通过触发帧携带PN,以便其他STA通过预留子信道发送低时延指示。
本申请实施例对PN占用的目标比特在第二PPDU中的承载位置不作具体限定。例如,第二PPDU可以包括第二MAC帧,目标比特可以承载于该第二MAC帧中。又如,目标比特可以承载于第二PPDU的preamble中。下面给出两种可能的实施例。
实施例1.1:PN占用的目标比特承载于MAC帧中
在实施例1.1中,目标比特承载于第二MAC帧(第二MAC帧承载于第二PPDU中)中。该第二MAC帧可以为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。以数据帧为例,该第二MAC帧可以是普通的下行数据帧,也可以是QoS Null帧。以控制帧为例,该第二MAC帧可以是触发帧,如基本触发帧。该QoS Null帧、控制帧或管理帧可以是下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧、控制帧或管理帧。也就是说,该QoS Null帧、控制帧或管理帧可以与下行数据帧承载于同一PPDU中(即上文提到的第二PPDU)。
如果目标比特仅包括PN占用的部分比特,在一些实现方式中,在第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,第一STA还可以接收第二STA发送的第三MAC帧。该第三MAC帧中可以包含PN占用的除目标比特之外的其他比特。这里提到的第三MAC帧可以是信标帧,也可以是与第二MAC帧承载于同一PPDU中的其他MAC帧。作为示例,目标比特可以包括PN占用的N个比特中的M个最低有效比特(M为大于或等于1的正整数)。剩余的N-M个比特(即PN占用的N-M个最高有效比特)可以承载在第三MAC帧(如携带在信标帧中进行定期广播)。最高有效比特变化频率较低,将最高有效比特携带在信标帧中,可以降低指示PN所需的开销。
下文结合附图,对PN在第二MAC帧和/或第三MAC帧中的具体承载位置进行举例说明。
例如,第二MAC帧包括聚合控制(aggregation control,A-Control)字段(A-Control字段可以位于HT Control字段中)。PN可以承载于该A-Control字段中。第二MAC帧可以是包含A-Control字段的任意类型的帧。例如,第二MAC帧可以是下行数据帧。又如,第二MAC帧可以是该下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧(即该QoS Null帧与下行数据帧承载于同一PPDU中)。图23示出了QoS Null帧的一个示例。从图23可以看出,QoS Null帧包括HT Control字段,HT Control字段包括A-Control字段。PN可以承载于该A-Control字段的控制列表字段中。
由于PN一般需要48个比特,因此可以在第二MAC帧(如下行数据帧)中携带该48比特中的24比特,并在第三MAC帧(如该下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧)中携带该48比特的剩余24比特。将第二MAC帧和第三MAC帧中的比特拼接在一起,即可得到PN。或者,第二STA也可以将PN的最高有效24比特(或22比特)携带在信标帧中定期广播,PN的最高有效24比特(或22比特)在若干个信标周期(每个信标周期在100ms左右)内可以保持不变。然后,第二MAC帧(如下行数据帧或下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧)中携带PN的最低有效24比特(或26比特)。
又如,第二MAC帧可以包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段(如特殊用户信息2字段)。目标比特可以承载于该一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。第二MAC帧可以是包含特殊用户信息字段的任意类型的帧。例如,第二MAC帧可以是触发帧(如基本触发帧)。图24示出了基本触发帧的帧格式。如图24所示,基本触发帧包括用户信息列表字段。该用户信息列表字段包括2个特殊信息用户2字段。该特殊用户信息2字段中的AID12字段值可以为2008到2047间的任一保留值。1个特殊用户信息2字段可以包括PN的24比特,2个特殊用户信息2字段中的PN拼接在一起可以得到将要使用的PN值。或者,基本触发帧也可以只携带1个特殊用户信息2字段,其中包括PN的最低有效24比特(或28比特),而PN的最高有效24比特(或20比特)携带在信标帧中定期广播。可选地,在基本触发帧的通用信息的保留比特中选取一个比特,指示该基本触发帧携带了1个或2个特殊用户信息2字段。
实施例1.2:PN占用的目标比特承载于SIG字段中
在实施例1.2中,目标比特承载于第二PPDU的SIG字段中。图25给出了第二PPDU的一种可能的格式,从图25可以看出,该第二PPDU包括UHR-SIG字段。目标比特可以承载于该UHR-SIG字段中。与实施例1.1类似,如果目标比特为PN占用的部分比特,在一些实现方式中,在第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,第一STA还可以接收第二STA发送的第四MAC帧。该第四MAC帧中可以包含PN占用的比特中的除目标比特之外的其他比特。这里提到的第四MAC帧可以是信标帧。作为示例,目标比特可以包括PN占用的N个比特中的M个最低有效比特(M为大于或等于1的正整数)。剩余的N-M个比特(即PN占用的N-M个最高有效比特)可以承载在第四MAC帧(如携带在信标帧中进行定期广播)。最高有效比特变化频率较低,将最高有效比特携带在信标帧中,可以降低指示PN所需的开销。
在一些实现方式中,SIG字段可以包括用户特定(user specific)字段。该用户特定字段可以包括一个或多个特殊用户字段。目标比特可以承载于该一个或多个特殊用户字段中。仍以图25为例,UHR-SIG字段包括用户特定字段,可以在该用户特定字段中添加一个或多个特殊用户字段(即图25中的特殊用户字段、校验码和尾部),并将目标比特承载于该特殊用户字段中(图25包含多个PN,每个PN代表的是该PN占用的部分比特,多个PN拼接在一起,即可形成完整的PN)。示例性地,可以在用于单用户传输的UHR MU PPDU中的UHR-SIG字段的用户特定字段中增加5个特殊用户字段。该5个特定用户字段的前4个特殊用户字段携带PN中的44个比特,第5个特殊用户字段携带PN中的4个比特。或者,UHR-SIG字段的用户特定字段中只增加2个或3个或4个特殊用户字段,其中携带PN的最低有效22比特或最低有效33比特或最低有效44比特,对应的PN的最高有效26比特或最高有效15比特或最高有效4比特携带在所述第四MAC帧(如携带在信标帧中定期广播)。在用于正交频分多址(orthogonal frequency division multiple access,OFDMA)传输的UHR MU PPDU中的UHR-SIG字段中也可做类似处理。
在一些实现方式中,如图25所示,SIG字段(如UHR-SIG字段)包括通用(common)字段。该 通用字段可以包括第四信息。该第四信息用于指示一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。例如,通用字段可以包括空间复用、保护间隔和LTF大小、EHT-LTF符号数、LDPC额外符号片段、FEC前的填充因子、包扩展解模糊、忽略(disregard)等字段中的一个或多个,第四信息可以承载于忽略字段中。例如,忽略字段的比特值默认全为1,可以将其中一个比特的取值设置为0,以指示UHR-SIG字段中携带了2个或3个或4个或5个特殊用户字段。
下面结合具体例子,更加详细地描述实施例一。下文的例子中的发送抢占请求或低时延指示的STA为前文提到的第一STA,AP为前文提到的第二STA。应注意,下文的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例,而非要将本申请实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的例子,显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化,这样的修改或变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
示例一:AP不区分发送抢占请求和/或低时延指示的STA
为了实现简单,可以不用识别发送抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的STA,仅确定抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧是由合法STA发送即可。因此,抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧中携带的MIC可以由组密钥(例如GTK,或IGTK,或BIGTK,或CGTK)生成。MIC的生成方法“广播管理帧和组播管理帧的MIC”一节的内容。
以抢占请求帧或低时延指示帧为CTS为例,则该抢占请求帧或低时延指示帧的格式可以参见图17。可以将整个帧头(包括帧控制,持续时长,接收方地址)、PN和FCS(可选)连接在一起作为待验证消息(记为m),采用CMAC方法生成MIC。CMAC是基于CBC-MAC方法的一种变体,参见NIST SP800-38B-CMAC。将组密钥(例如CGTK),m,以及MIC的长度(128比特或256比特)分别作为CMAC的输入参数K,M以及Tlen。
和/或,将整个帧头(包括帧控制,持续时长,接收方地址)、PN以及FCS(可选)连接在一起作为AAD,将整个帧头(包括帧控制,持续时长,接收方地址)和FCS(可选)作为待验证消息(记为m),将接收方地址和PN连接在一起作为初始向量,采用GMAC方法生成MIC。GMAC是GCM方法的一种特殊形式,用于在未加密的数据上生成消息认证码,参见NIST Special Publication 800-38D。将组密钥(例如CGTK),初始向量,m以及AAD分别作为GMAC的输入参数K,IV,P,以及A。
MIC可以携带在抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的FCS字段之前,也可以携带在FCS字段之后。例如,抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧是新定义的控制帧(如图18所示)或者管理帧,则MIC可以携带在帧校验序列FCS字段之前。
又如,抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧是CTS帧(如图19所示),则MIC可以携带在FCS字段之后。此外,可以在MIC字段之后增加一个FCS2字段。该FCS2字段用于整个帧体、FCS1和MIC的CRC,其计算方法同FCS1的计算方法。
STA可以使用占据STA的整个工作带宽的PPDU发送抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧,也可以使用仅占据STA的部分工作带宽的PPDU发送抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧。
MIC可以基于PN生成。PN用于防重放攻击,即攻击者可以缓存一个监听到的帧然后将它无修改地再发送一次。如果没有防重放机制,那么STA会将之处理为一个合法的帧。使用PN则能在每一次传输都生成一个新的MIC,即使是帧的内容完全一样也会有不同的MIC。PN一般是一个自增的整数,也可以是每次随机生成的整数。在本示例中,为了防止冲突,各个STA在同一时刻发送的携带抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的PPDU需要保持一致(例如采用non-HT PPDU,non-HT duplicate PPDU,或者采用TB PPDU),并保证preamble一致,且需要预定义或预先协商好采用相同的MCS和NSS,AP需要提前给各个STA发送一个同样的PN值。AP可以在前序下行帧中和/或下行PPDU的SIG字段中指示该PN值,如图21和图22所示。
PN可以携带在下行数据帧的帧头中的HT Conrol字段中的A-Control字段中。或者,PN可以携带在下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧(如图23所示)的帧头中的HT Conrol字段中的A-Control字段中。
由于PN一般需要48个比特,因此可以将下行数据帧中携带的24比特PN和附加的QoS Null帧携带的PN拼接在一起得到将要使用的PN值。或者,AP可以将PN的最高有效24比特(或22比特)携带在信标帧中定期广播,PN的最高有效24比特(或22比特)在若干个信标周期(每个信标周期在100ms左右)内能够保持不变,下行数据帧中和/或附加的QoS Null帧携带PN的最低有效24比特(或26比特)。
或者,在一些实现方式中,PN可以携带在下行数据帧附加的新定义的管理帧或控制帧(例如基本触发帧)中。如图24所示,可以在基本触发帧携带2个特殊用户信息2字段。该特殊用户信息2字段中的AID12字段值为2008到2047间的任一保留值。1个特殊用户信息2字段中包括PN的24比特,2个特殊用户信息2字段中的PN拼接在一起可以得到将要使用的PN值。或者,基本触发帧也可以只 携带1个特殊用户信息2字段,其中包括PN的最低有效24比特(或28比特),而PN的最高有效24比特(或20比特)携带在信标帧中定期广播。可选地,在基本触发帧的通用信息的保留比特中选取一个比特,指示该基本触发帧携带了1个或2个特殊用户信息2字段。
或者,在一些实现方式中,PN可以携带在下行PPDU的UHR-SIG字段中。如图25所示,在用于单用户传输的UHR MU PPDU中的UHR-SIG字段的用户特定字段中增加5个特殊用户字段,前4特殊用户字段携带PN中的44个比特,第5个特殊用户字段携带PN中的4个比特。或者,UHR-SIG字段的用户特定字段中只增加2个或3个或4个特殊用户字段,其中携带PN的最低有效22比特或最低有效33比特或最低有效44比特,对应的PN的最高有效26比特或最高有效15比特或最高有效4比特携带在信标帧中定期广播。可选地,可以将UHR-SIG字段的通用字段中的忽略字段中的1个比特设置为0,以指示UHR-SIG字段中携带了2个或3个或4个或5个特殊用户字段。用于OFDMA传输的UHR MU PPDU中的UHR-SIG字段中也可做类似处理。
或者,可以限定一个TXOP只允许被抢占一次。在这种情况下,可以提前设置TXOP中抢占将会用到的PN。例如,可以提前用一个管理帧或触发帧(例如基本触发帧)来告知各个STA该PN。
示例二:AP区分发送抢占请求和/或低时延指示的STA
为了提高效率,让AP识别发送抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的具体STA,各个STA需要在预先分配或协商好的不同的频域、时域和/或空域发送携带抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的TB PPDU。因此AP需要在初始控制帧(initial control frame)中指示STA如下内容:发送携带抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的TB PPDU将要使用的RU或MRU。初始控制帧一般是MU-RTS触发帧(如图26所示)。初始控制帧可以是AP在获取TXOP时发送的第一个帧,也可以是在TXOP之中,AP允许STA发起抢占时发送的指示帧。
MIC可以携带在抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的FCS字段之前,也可以携带在FCS字段之后,具体可以参见示例一的描述。
由于各个STA发送携带抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧的TB PPDU互不冲突,因此TB PPDU中携带的抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧内容可以相同,也可以不同。抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧中携带的MIC可以是由组密钥(例如GTK,IGTK,BIGTK或CGTK)生成,也可以是由成对密钥(例如PTK,或CPTK)生成。MIC的生成方式参见示例一。
在示例二中,各个STA生成MIC时所使用的PN可以相同也可以不同。因此,各个STA使用的PN可以与示例一一样,由AP进行指示。或者,各个STA可以使用各自的PN,并将各自的PN携带在抢占请求帧和/或低时延指示帧中(例如CTS帧,如图27所示)。
实施例二:第二信息承载于PPDU的preamble中
在实施例二中,第二信息并未携带在第一MAC帧中,而是携带在第一PPDU的preamble中。例如,第二信息可以携带在preamble的LTF中。作为一个示例,第二信息为第一PPDU中的安全的LTF(secure-LTF)。第二信息可用于确定(或校验)发送第一PPDU的STA的合法性。或者,第二信息可用于确定(或校验)第一PPDU的合法性。
secure-LTF可以基于密钥K和序列号C(序列号可以是16比特,或24比特,或32比特,或48比特)生成或校验。本申请实施例对secure-LTF的生成方式以及校验方式不作具体限定。
作为示例,在发送端,第一STA使用一个密钥K和一个序列号C产生一个随机序列R。然后,第一STA使用随机序列R来对各个空间流(spatial stream)的子载波进行相位随机化调整,并且使用随机序列R对每个空间流上的每个LTF符号的每个子载波进行正交幅度调制(quadrature amplitude modulation,QAM)调整。
在接收端,第二STA使用同样的密钥K和C产生相同的随机序列R。然后,第二STA使用随机序列R得到预期的secure-LTF。接着,第二STA使用预期secure-LTF与所接收到的secure-LTF进行比较。如果预期secure-LTF与接收到的secure-LTF具有较高的信号相关性(如信号相关性超过预定义阈值),则校验通过。
示例性地,下文详细描述secure-LTF的具体生成算法。
LTF-Key-Seed=HMAC-Hash(K,“Preemption LTF key seed”)。在上式中,HMAC-Hash(key,message)指示一种哈希运算消息认证码(hash-based message authentication code,HMAC)形式的哈希函数。K为密钥。message为待认证的消息内容,HMAC指示用于消息认证的基于密钥的哈希方法(参见IETF RFC2104标准)。Hash指示一种具体的哈希函数。例如HMAC-SHA-256(K,“Preemption LTF key seed”)表示使用SHA-256(一种哈希函数,其输出长度为256比特)算法,使用K为密钥,使用字符串“Preemption LTF key seed”为待认证的消息内容。
LTF-Key-Material=KDF-Hash-Length(LTF-Key-Seed,“Preemption LTF Expansion”,C)。在上式中, KDF-Hash-Length(K,Label,Context)指示一种用于派生密钥的伪随机方法。Hash指示一种具体的哈希函数。Length指示派生出来的密钥的比特数。K为密钥。Label指示派生出来的密钥的用途。Context指示用于派生的上下文。例如KDF-SHA-256(LTF-Key-Seed,“Preemption LTF Expansion”,C)表示使用SHA-256(一种哈希函数,其输出长度为256比特)算法,使用LTF-Key-Seed作为密钥,使用字符串“Preemption LTF Expansion”指示派生出来的密钥的用途,使用C指示用于派生的上下文。C为序列号,AP和STA在每次抢占之前交互一个序列号。
LTF-Key=L(LTF-Key-Material,0,128)表示从LTF-Key-Material的第0个比特开始截取长度为128比特的数据。
Input-Value(16octets)=LTF-ID(6octets)||Ctr(6octets)||block counter(4octets),其中“||”代表对两个字节流进行连接操作,LTF-ID为长度为6字节的标识符,Ctr为序列号C的字符串形式(不足6字节时头部可以用转义字符“\0”填充),block counter为加密时所用的块计数器(每次开始加密时初始化为0,加密中每输出一块数据则递增1)的字符串形式。
LTF-ID可以使用基本服务集标识(basic service set identity,BSSID),即当前所在的BSS的标识符(一般为AP的MAC地址,长度为6字节)。或者,LTF-ID可以使用第一STA的MAC地址。或者,LTF-ID可以是第二STA提前分发的、且多个STA共有的一个6字节随机序列。
S=AES-128-CTR(LTF-Key,Input-Value,block counter)。在上式中,AES-128-CTR为一种输出长度为128比特的使用计数器模式的AES,具体可以参见FIPS 197标准。LTF-Key为加密密钥,Input-Value为待加密原文。每输出128比特,block counter自增1,Input-Value也对应更新。前文提到的随机序列R可以由至少一个S组成。
在一些实现方式中,第二STA需要提前指示序列号(类似于实施例一的PN),以便第一STA生成secure-LTF。参见图28,在执行步骤S1610之前,第一STA接收第二STA发送的第二PPDU(步骤S2810)。第二PPDU包括目标比特,目标比特为序列号占用的部分或全部比特。以目标比特为序列号占用的部分比特,且目标比特包括M个比特(M为大于或等于1的正整数)为例,则目标比特可以为序列号占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M个最高有效比特,或任意M个比特。
作为一个示例,参见图29,AP对应于前文中的第二STA,STA2或STA3对应于前文中的第一STA,第一信息承载于图29中的PR帧中。参见图29,AP在给STA1的数据帧中携带了序列号,STA2或STA3可以基于该序列号向AP发送PR帧。
作为一个示例,参见图30,AP对应于前文中的第二STA,STA2或STA3对应于前文中的第一STA,第一信息为图30中的低时延指示。参见图30,AP在给STA1的数据帧中携带了序列号,STA2或STA3可以基于该序列号向AP发送低时延指示。此外,AP在收到STA2和STA3的QoS Null帧之后,继续通过触发帧携带序列号,以便其他STA通过预留子信道发送低时延指示。
本申请实施例对序列号占用的目标比特在第二PPDU中的承载位置不作具体限定。例如,第二PPDU可以包括第二MAC帧,目标比特可以承载于该第二MAC帧中。又如,目标比特可以承载于第二PPDU的preamble中。下面给出两种可能的实现方式。
实施例2.1:序列号占用的目标比特承载于MAC帧中
在实施例2.1中,目标比特承载于第二MAC帧(第二MAC帧承载于第二PPDU中)中。该第二MAC帧可以为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。以数据帧为例,该第二MAC帧可以是普通的下行数据帧,也可以是QoS Null帧。以控制帧为例,该第二MAC帧可以是触发帧,如基本触发帧。该QoS Null帧、控制帧或管理帧可以是下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧、控制帧或管理帧。也就是说,该QoS Null帧、控制帧或管理帧可以与下行数据帧承载于同一PPDU中(即上文提到的第二PPDU)。
如果目标比特为序列号占用的部分比特,在一些实现方式中,在第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,第一STA还可以接收第二STA发送的第三MAC帧。该第三MAC帧中可以包含序列号占用的比特中的除目标比特之外的其他比特。这里提到的第三MAC帧可以是信标帧,也可以是与第二MAC帧承载于同一PPDU中的MAC帧。作为示例,目标比特可以包括序列号占用的N个比特中的M个最低有效比特(M为大于或等于1的正整数)。剩余的N-M个比特(即序列号占用的N-M个最高有效比特)可以承载在第三MAC帧(如携带在信标帧中进行定期广播)。最高有效比特变化频率较低,将最高有效比特携带在信标帧中,可以降低指示序列号所需的开销。
下文结合附图,对序列号在第二MAC帧和/或第三MAC帧中的具体承载位置进行举例说明。
例如,第二MAC帧包括A-Control字段。序列号可以承载于该A-Control字段(A-Control字段可以位于HT Control字段中)中。在该示例中,第二MAC帧可以是包含A-Control字段的任意类型的帧。例如,第二MAC帧可以是下行数据帧。又如,第二MAC帧可以是该下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧(即该QoS Null帧与下行数据帧均承载于第二PPDU中)。图31示出了QoS Null帧的一个示例。从 图31可以看出,QoS Null帧包括HT Control字段字段,HT Control字段包括A-Control字段。序列号可以承载于该A-Control字段的控制列表中。
由于序列号可能占用较多的比特(如48个比特,后文以48比特为例进行说明),因此可以在第二MAC帧(如下行数据帧)中携带该48比特中的24比特,并在第三MAC帧(如该下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧)中携带该48比特的剩余24比特。将第二MAC帧和第三MAC帧中的比特拼接在一起,即可得到序列号。或者,AP也可以将序列号的最高有效24比特(或22比特)携带在信标帧中定期广播,序列号的最高有效24比特(或22比特)在若干个信标周期(每个信标周期在100ms左右)内可以保持不变。然后,第二MAC帧(如下行数据帧或下行数据帧附加的QoS Null帧)中携带序列号的最低有效24比特(或26比特)。
又如,第二MAC帧可以包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段(如特殊用户信息2字段)。目标比特可以承载于该一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。第二MAC帧可以是包含特殊用户信息字段的任意类型的帧。例如,第二MAC帧可以是触发帧(如基本触发帧)。图32示出了基本触发帧的帧格式。如图32所示,基本触发帧包括用户信息列表字段。该用户信息列表字段包括2个特殊信息用户2字段。该特殊用户信息2字段中的AID12字段值可以为2008到2047间的任一保留值。1个特殊用户信息2字段可以包括序列号的24比特,2个特殊用户信息2字段中的序列号拼接在一起可以得到将要使用的序列号值。或者,基本触发帧也可以只携带1个特殊用户信息2字段,其中包括序列号的最低有效24比特(或28比特),而序列号的最高有效24比特(或20比特)携带在信标帧中定期广播。可选地,在基本触发帧的通用信息的保留比特中选取一个比特,指示该基本触发帧携带了1个或2个特殊用户信息2字段。
实施例2.2:序列号占用的目标比特承载于SIG中
在实施例2.2中,第二PPDU包括SIG字段,目标比特承载于SIG字段中。图33给出了第二PPDU的一种可能的格式,从图33可以看出,该第二PPDU包括UHR-SIG字段,目标比特可以承载于该UHR-SIG字段中。如果目标比特为序列号占用的部分比特,在一些实现方式中,在第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,第一STA还可以接收第二STA发送的第四MAC帧。该第四MAC帧中可以包含序列号占用的比特中的除目标比特之外的其他比特。这里提到的第四MAC帧可以是信标帧。作为示例,目标比特可以包括序列号占用的N个比特中的M个最低有效比特(M为大于或等于1的正整数)。剩余的N-M个比特(即序列号占用的N-M个最高有效比特)可以承载在第四MAC帧(如携带在信标帧中进行定期广播)。最高有效比特变化频率较低,将最高有效比特携带在信标帧中,可以降低指示序列号所需的开销。
在一些实现方式中,SIG字段可以包括用户特定(user specific)字段。该用户特定字段可以包括一个或多个特殊用户字段。目标比特可以承载于该一个或多个特殊用户字段中。以图33为例,UHR-SIG字段包括用户特定字段,可以在该用户特定字段中添加一个或多个特殊用户字段(即图33中的特殊用户字段、校验码和尾部),并将目标比特承载于该特殊用户字段中(图33包含多个序列号,每个序列号代表的是该序列号占用的部分比特,多个序列号拼接在一起,即可形成完整的序列号)。示例性地,可以在用于单用户传输的UHR MU PPDU中的UHR-SIG字段的用户特定字段中增加5个特殊用户字段。该5个特定用户字段的前4个特殊用户字段携带序列号中的44个比特,第5个特殊用户字段携带序列号中的4个比特。或者,UHR-SIG字段的用户特定字段中只增加2个或3个或4个特殊用户字段,其中携带序列号的最低有效22比特或最低有效33比特或最低有效44比特,对应的序列号的最高有效26比特或最高有效15比特或最高有效4比特携带在信标帧中定期广播。在用于OFDMA传输的UHR MU PPDU中的UHR-SIG字段中也可做类似处理。
在一些实现方式中,如图33所示,SIG字段(如UHR-SIG字段)包括通用(common)字段。该通用字段可以包括第四信息。该第四信息用于指示一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。例如,通用字段可以包括空间复用、保护间隔和LTF大小、EHT-LTF符号数、LDPC额外符号片段、FEC前的填充因子、包扩展解模糊、忽略等字段中的一个或多个,第四信息可以承载于忽略字段中。例如,忽略字段的比特值默认全为1,可以将其中一个比特的取值设置为0,以指示UHR-SIG字段中携带了2个或3个或4个或5个特殊用户字段。
下面结合具体例子,更加详细地描述实施例二。下文的例子中的发送抢占请求或低时延指示的STA为前文提到的第一STA,AP为前文提到的第二STA。应注意,下文的例子仅仅是为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本申请实施例,而非要将本申请实施例限于所例示的具体数值或具体场景。本领域技术人员根据所给出的例子,显然可以进行各种等价的修改或变化,这样的修改或变化也落入本申请实施例的范围内。
示例三:AP不区分发送抢占请求和/或低时延指示的STA
为了防止冲突,包括第一STA在内的各个STA在同一时刻发送的携带第一信息(用于抢占AP的TXOP或指示有待传输的低时延数据)的PPDU应当保持一致。为了能够使得各个STA发送的PPDU保持一致,各个STA可以采用TB PPDU来保证preamble一致,且各个STA需要采用相同的MCS和NSS,各个STA生成的LTF符号的符号数需要保持一致。各个STA采用的MCS和NSS和LTF符号数可以通过预定义或预先协商的方式确定。各个STA生成的每个LTF符号的每个子载波的QAM值也需要保持一致。因此,secure-LTF需要由相同的组密钥(例如GTK,IGTK,BIGTK或CGTK)生成。由于各个STA发送的用于承载第一信息的PPDU占用的带宽可能不同,因此各个STA发送的PPDU对应的secure-LTF的子载波数量也可能不同。在这种情况下,可以预定义(例如设置为20MHz)或预先协商好该PPDU的最大带宽(例如默认为AP发送的前序下行PPDU的带宽),然后各个STA均按照该最大带宽的子载波数来生成并使用相同的随机序列R。如果某个STA的带宽较小,则该STA可以丢弃掉随机序列R的一部分。例如,某个STA实际发送2个secure-LTF符号,每个secure-LTF符号占据122-tone。如果预定义或预先协商的最大带宽是80MHz(对应每个secure-LTF占据488-tone),那么该STA可以在第一个secure-LTF符号使用随机序列R中的前x个比特(用于空间流的相位调整)和紧接着的122个比特(用于子载波QAM值调整)。然后,该STA可以丢弃掉随机序列R中的紧接着的366比特,并在第二个secure-LTF符号使用随机序列R中的紧接着的122比特。
AP可以在前序下行帧中和/或下行PPDU中指示序列号C。序列号C的指示方式与示例一的PN指示方式类似,此处不再赘述。
示例四:AP区分发送抢占请求和/或低时延指示的STA
为了提高效率,可以让AP识别发送抢占请求和/或低时延指示的具体STA。在这种情况下,各个STA需要在预先分配或协商好的不同的频域和/或时域发送携带抢占请求和/或低时延指示的TB PPDU。相应地,各个STA在预先协商好的不同的频域和/或时域上发送secure-LTF。
由于不存在冲突问题,secure-LTF可以由组密钥(例如GTK,IGTK,BIGTK或CGTK)生成,也可以由成对密钥(例如PTK或CPTK)生成。
AP可以在前序下行帧中和/或下行PPDU的SIG字段中指示序列号C。序列号C的指示方式与示例一的PN指示方式类似,此处不再赘述。
前文各个实施例提及的第一PPDU可以占据第一STA的部分工作带宽,也可以占据第一STA的全部工作带宽。也就是说,第一STA可以使用占据第一STA的全部工作带宽的PPDU发送第一信息,也可以使用仅占据第一STA的部分工作带宽的PPDU发送第一信息。如果第二信息为secure-LTF,且第一PPDU占据第一STA的全部工作带宽,则该secure-LTF也占据第一STA的全部工作带宽;如果第二信息为secure-LTF,且第一PPDU占据第一STA的部分工作带宽,则该secure-LTF也占据第一STA的对应部分工作带宽。
根据“MAC帧头和控制帧的保护”一节的内容可知,相关技术考虑了对具有帧体的控制帧进行保护。但是,相关技术并未考虑无帧体的控制帧的保护。在很多场合下,如果不对无帧体的控制帧进行保护,也可能会导致系统遭受攻击。因此,可以将前文各个实施例提供的方法应用于无帧体的控制帧的保护。这里提到的无帧体的控制帧例如可以包括以下中的一种或多种:RTS帧、CTS帧、免竞争结束(contention free-end,CF-End)帧,确认(acknowledgment,Ack)帧,节电轮询(power save-poll,PS-Poll)帧。作为示例,可以在上述控制帧中加入前文提到的MIC字段。或者,可以将承载上述控制帧的PPDU的LTF设置为secure-LTF。详细描述可以参见前文,此处不再赘述。
上文详细描述了本申请的方法实施例,下面详细描述本申请的装置实施例。应理解,方法实施例的描述与装置实施例的描述相互对应,因此,未详细描述的部分可以参见前面方法实施例。
图34为本申请一个实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图。图34所示的通信设备3400可以为前文各个实施例提及的第一STA。通信设备3400可以包括第一通信模块3410。第一通信模块3410用于向第二STA发送第一PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的传输机会TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二信息基于组密钥或成对密钥生成。
在一些实现方式中,所述组密钥包括以下中的一种或多种:GTK,IGTK,BIGTK以及CGTK。
在一些实现方式中,所述第一PPDU占据所述第一STA的部分或全部工作带宽。
在一些实现方式中,所述第一PPDU用于承载第一MAC帧,所述第二信息为所述第一MAC帧中的MIC。
在一些实现方式中,所述第一MAC帧包括第一FCS字段,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之前或者之后。
在一些实现方式中,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之后,所述第一MAC帧还包括第二FCS字段,所述第二FCS字段位于所述MIC对应的字段之后。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二信息为所述第一PPDU中的安全的LTF。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二信息基于第一参数生成;其中,所述第二信息为MIC,所述第一参数为包序号,或者,所述第二信息为安全的LTF,所述第一参数为序列号。
在一些实现方式中,所述通信设备3400还包括:第二通信模块,用于在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,接收所述第二STA发送的第二PPDU,所述第二PPDU包括目标比特,所述目标比特为所述第一参数占用的部分或全部比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二PPDU用于承载第二MAC帧,所述第二MAC帧包含所述目标比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧包括聚合控制字段,所述目标比特承载于所述聚合控制字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段,所述目标比特承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧包括通用信息字段,所述通用信息字段包括第三信息,所述第三信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段的数量。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧为触发帧。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。
在一些实现方式中,所述通信设备3400还包括:第三通信模块,用于在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,接收所述第二STA发送的第三MAC帧,所述第三MAC帧中包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第三MAC帧为信标帧;或者,所述第三MAC帧与所述第二MAC帧均承载于所述第二PPDU中。
在一些实现方式中,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二PPDU包括SIG字段,所述目标比特承载于所述SIG字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述SIG字段的用户特定字段包括一个或多个特殊用户字段,所述目标信息承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述SIG字段包括通用字段,所述通用字段包括第四信息,所述第四信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。
在一些实现方式中,所述通用字段包括忽略字段,所述第四信息承载于所述忽略字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述通信设备3400还包括:第四通信模块,用于在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,接收所述第二STA发送的第四MAC帧,所述第四MAC帧包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第四MAC帧为信标帧。
在一些实现方式中,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二STA为接入点。
图35为本申请一个实施例提供的通信设备的结构示意图。图35所示的通信设备3500可以为前文各个实施例提及的第二STA。通信设备3500可以包括第一通信模块3510第一通信模块3510用于接收第一STA发送的第一物理协议数据单元PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的传输机会TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二信息基于组密钥或成对密钥生成。
在一些实现方式中,所述组密钥包括以下中的一种或多种:GTK,IGTK,BIGTK以及CGTK。
在一些实现方式中,所述第一PPDU占据所述第一STA的部分或全部工作带宽。
在一些实现方式中,所述第一PPDU用于承载第一MAC帧,所述第二信息为所述第一MAC帧中的MIC。
在一些实现方式中,所述第一MAC帧包括第一FCS字段,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之前或者之后。
在一些实现方式中,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之后,所述第一MAC帧还包括第二FCS字段,所述第二FCS字段位于所述MIC对应的字段之后。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二信息为所述第一PPDU中的安全的LTF。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二信息基于第一参数生成;其中,所述第二信息为MIC,所述第一参数为包序号,或者,所述第二信息为安全的LTF,所述第一参数为序列号。
在一些实现方式中,所述通信设备3500还包括:第二通信模块,用于在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,向所述第一STA发送第二PPDU,所述第二PPDU包括目标比特,所述目标比特为所述第一参数占用的部分或全部比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二PPDU用于承载第二MAC帧,所述第二MAC帧包含所述目标比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧包括聚合控制字段,所述目标比特承载于所述聚合控制字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段,所述目标比特承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧包括通用信息字段,所述通用信息字段包括第三信息,所述第三信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段的数量。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧为触发帧。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二MAC帧为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。
在一些实现方式中,所述通信设备3500还包括:第三通信模块,用于在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,向所述第二STA发送第三MAC帧,所述第三MAC帧中包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第三MAC帧为信标帧;或者,所述第三MAC帧与所述第二MAC帧均承载于所述第二PPDU中。
在一些实现方式中,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二PPDU包括SIG字段,所述目标比特承载于所述SIG字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述SIG字段的用户特定字段包括一个或多个特殊用户字段,所述目标信息承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述SIG字段包括通用字段,所述通用字段包括第四信息,所述第四信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。
在一些实现方式中,所述通用字段包括忽略字段,所述第四信息承载于所述忽略字段中。
在一些实现方式中,所述通信设备3500还包括:第四通信模块,用于在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,向所述第一STA发送第四MAC帧,所述第四MAC帧包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
在一些实现方式中,所述第四MAC帧为信标帧。
在一些实现方式中,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
在一些实现方式中,所述第二STA为接入点。
图36是本申请实施例的用于通信的装置的示意性结构图。图36中的虚线表示该单元或模块为可选的。该装置3600可用于实现上述方法实施例中描述的方法。装置3600可以是芯片或通信设备。
装置3600可以包括一个或多个处理器3610。该处理器3610可支持装置3600实现前文方法实施例所描述的方法。该处理器3610可以是通用处理器或者专用处理器。例如,该处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit,CPU)。或者,该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit,ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
装置3600还可以包括一个或多个存储器3620。存储器3620上存储有程序,该程序可以被处理器3610执行,使得处理器3610执行前文方法实施例所描述的方法。存储器3620可以独立于处理器3610也可以集成在处理器3610中。
装置3600还可以包括收发器3630。处理器3610可以通过收发器3630与其他设备或芯片进行通信。例如,处理器3610可以通过收发器3630与其他设备或芯片进行数据收发。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,用于存储程序。该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例提供的通信设备中,并且该程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由通信设备执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品。该计算机程序产品包括程序。该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例提供的通信设备中,并且该程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由通信设备执 行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序。该计算机程序可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中,并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由通信设备执行的方法。
应理解,本申请中术语“系统”和“网络”可以被可互换使用。另外,本申请使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释,而非旨在限定本申请。本申请的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象,而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请的实施例中,提到的“指示”可以是直接指示,也可以是间接指示,还可以是表示具有关联关系。举例说明,A指示B,可以表示A直接指示B,例如B可以通过A获取;也可以表示A间接指示B,例如A指示C,B可以通过C获取;还可以表示A和B之间具有关联关系。
在本申请实施例中,“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联,根据A可以确定B。但还应理解,根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B,还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
在本申请实施例中,术语“对应”可表示两者之间具有直接对应或间接对应的关系,也可以表示两者之间具有关联关系,也可以是指示与被指示、配置与被配置等关系。
本申请实施例中,“预定义”或“预配置”可以通过在设备(例如,包括终端设备和网络设备)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现,本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。比如预定义可以是指协议中定义的。
本申请实施例中术语“和/或”,仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请的实施例中,所述“包括”可以指直接包括,也可以指间接包括。可选地,可以将本申请实施例中提到的“包括”替换为“指示”或“用于确定”。例如,A包括B,可以替换为A指示B,或A用于确定B。
在本申请的各种实施例中,上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本申请实施例中,所述“协议”可以指通信领域的标准协议,例如可以包括WiFi协议以及应用于未来的WiFi通信系统中的相关协议,本申请对此不做限定。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的系统、装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
在上述实施例中,可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时,可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时,全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输,例如,所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line,DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够读取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质,(例如,软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如,数字通用光盘(digital video disc,DVD))或者半导体介质(例如,固态硬盘(solid state disk,SSD))等。
以上所述,仅为本申请的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (114)

  1. 一种无线通信方法,其特征在于,包括:
    第一站点STA向第二STA发送第一物理协议数据单元PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;
    其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的传输机会TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于组密钥或成对密钥生成。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述组密钥包括以下中的一种或多种:组临时密钥GTK,完整性组临时密钥IGTK,信标完整性组临时密钥BIGTK以及控制组临时密钥CGTK。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU占据所述第一STA的部分或全部工作带宽。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU用于承载第一媒体访问控制MAC帧,所述第二信息为所述第一MAC帧中的消息完整码MIC。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一MAC帧包括第一帧校验序列FCS字段,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之前或者之后。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之后,所述第一MAC帧还包括第二FCS字段,所述第二FCS字段位于所述MIC对应的字段之后。
  8. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信息为所述第一PPDU中的安全的长训练字段LTF。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于第一参数生成;其中,所述第二信息为MIC,所述第一参数为包序号,或者,所述第二信息为安全的LTF,所述第一参数为序列号。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一STA接收所述第二STA发送的第二PPDU,所述第二PPDU包括目标比特,所述目标比特为所述第一参数占用的部分或全部比特。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU用于承载第二MAC帧,所述第二MAC帧包含所述目标比特。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括聚合控制字段,所述目标比特承载于所述聚合控制字段中。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段,所述目标比特承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括通用信息字段,所述通用信息字段包括第三信息,所述第三信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段的数量。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为触发帧。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。
  17. 根据权利要求11至16中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一STA接收所述第二STA发送的第三MAC帧,所述第三MAC帧中包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第三MAC帧为信标帧;或者,所述第三MAC帧与所述第二MAC帧均承载于所述第二PPDU中。
  19. 根据权利要求10至18中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  20. 根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU包括信号SIG字段,所述目标比特承载于所述SIG字段中。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法,其特征在于,所述SIG字段的用户特定字段包括一个或多个特殊用户字段,所述目标信息承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户字段中。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,所述SIG字段包括通用字段,所述通用字段包括第四信息,所述第四信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述通用字段包括忽略字段,所述第四信息承载 于所述忽略字段中。
  24. 根据权利要求20至23中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一STA接收所述第二STA发送的第四MAC帧,所述第四MAC帧包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第四MAC帧为信标帧。
  26. 根据权利要求24或25所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  27. 根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二STA为接入点。
  28. 一种无线通信方法,其特征在于,包括:
    第二站点STA接收第一STA发送的第一物理协议数据单元PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;
    其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的传输机会TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于组密钥或成对密钥生成。
  30. 根据权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,所述组密钥包括以下中的一种或多种:组临时密钥GTK,完整性组临时密钥IGTK,信标完整性组临时密钥BIGTK以及控制组临时密钥CGTK。
  31. 根据权利要求28至30中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU占据所述第一STA的部分或全部工作带宽。
  32. 根据权利要求28至31中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU用于承载第一媒体访问控制MAC帧,所述第二信息为所述第一MAC帧中的消息完整码MIC。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一MAC帧包括第一帧控制序列FCS字段,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之前或者之后。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的方法,其特征在于,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之后,所述第一MAC帧还包括第二FCS字段,所述第二FCS字段位于所述MIC对应的字段之后。
  35. 根据权利要求28至31中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信息为所述第一PPDU中的安全的长训练字段LTF。
  36. 根据权利要求28至35中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于第一参数生成;其中,所述第二信息为MIC,所述第一参数为包序号,或者,所述第二信息为安全的LTF,所述第一参数为序列号。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第二STA向所述第一STA发送第二PPDU,所述第二PPDU包括目标比特,所述目标比特为所述第一参数占用的部分或全部比特。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU用于承载第二MAC帧,所述第二MAC帧包含所述目标比特。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括聚合控制字段,所述目标比特承载于所述聚合控制字段中。
  40. 根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段,所述目标比特承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。
  41. 根据权利要求40所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括通用信息字段,所述通用信息字段包括第三信息,所述第三信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段的数量。
  42. 根据权利要求40或41所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为触发帧。
  43. 根据权利要求38所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。
  44. 根据权利要求38至43中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第二STA向所述第二STA发送第三MAC帧,所述第三MAC帧中包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第三MAC帧为信标帧;或者,所述第三MAC帧与所述第二MAC帧均承载于所述第二PPDU中。
  46. 根据权利要求37至45中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  47. 根据权利要求37所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU包括信号SIG字段,所述目标比特承载于所述SIG字段中。
  48. 根据权利要求47所述的方法,其特征在于,所述SIG字段的用户特定字段包括一个或多个特殊用户字段,所述目标信息承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户字段中。
  49. 根据权利要求48所述的方法,其特征在于,所述SIG字段包括通用字段,所述通用字段包括第四信息,所述第四信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。
  50. 根据权利要求49所述的方法,其特征在于,所述通用字段包括忽略字段,所述第四信息承载于所述忽略字段中。
  51. 根据权利要求47至50中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,所述方法还包括:
    所述第二STA向所述第一STA发送第四MAC帧,所述第四MAC帧包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第四MAC帧为信标帧。
  53. 根据权利要求51或52所述的方法,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  54. 根据权利要求28至53中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二STA为接入点。
  55. 一种通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备为第一站点STA,所述通信设备包括:
    第一通信模块,用于向第二STA发送第一物理协议数据单元PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;
    其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的传输机会TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
  56. 根据权利要求55所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于组密钥或成对密钥生成。
  57. 根据权利要求56所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述组密钥包括以下中的一种或多种:组临时密钥GTK,完整性组临时密钥IGTK,信标完整性组临时密钥BIGTK以及控制组临时密钥CGTK。
  58. 根据权利要求55至57中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU占据所述第一STA的部分或全部工作带宽。
  59. 根据权利要求55至58中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU用于承载第一媒体访问控制MAC帧,所述第二信息为所述第一MAC帧中的消息完整码MIC。
  60. 根据权利要求59所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一MAC帧包括第一帧校验序列FCS字段,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之前或者之后。
  61. 根据权利要求60所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之后,所述第一MAC帧还包括第二FCS字段,所述第二FCS字段位于所述MIC对应的字段之后。
  62. 根据权利要求55至58中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二信息为所述第一PPDU中的安全的长训练字段LTF。
  63. 根据权利要求55至62中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于第一参数生成;其中,所述第二信息为MIC,所述第一参数为包序号,或者,所述第二信息为安全的LTF,所述第一参数为序列号。
  64. 根据权利要求63所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备还包括:
    第二通信模块,用于在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,接收所述第二STA发送的第二PPDU,所述第二PPDU包括目标比特,所述目标比特为所述第一参数占用的部分或全部比特。
  65. 根据权利要求64所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU用于承载第二MAC帧,所述第二MAC帧包含所述目标比特。
  66. 根据权利要求65所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括聚合控制字段,所述目标比特承载于所述聚合控制字段中。
  67. 根据权利要求65所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段,所述目标比特承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。
  68. 根据权利要求67所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括通用信息字段,所述通用信息字段包括第三信息,所述第三信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段的数量。
  69. 根据权利要求67或68所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为触发帧。
  70. 根据权利要求65所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。
  71. 根据权利要求65至70中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备还包括:
    第三通信模块,用于在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,接收所述第二STA发送的第三MAC帧,所述第三MAC帧中包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  72. 根据权利要求71所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第三MAC帧为信标帧;或者,所述第三MAC帧与所述第二MAC帧均承载于所述第二PPDU中。
  73. 根据权利要求64至72中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  74. 根据权利要求64所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU包括信号SIG字段,所述目标比特承载于所述SIG字段中。
  75. 根据权利要求74所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述SIG字段的用户特定字段包括一个或多个特殊用户字段,所述目标信息承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户字段中。
  76. 根据权利要求75所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述SIG字段包括通用字段,所述通用字段包括第四信息,所述第四信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。
  77. 根据权利要求76所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通用字段包括忽略字段,所述第四信息承载于所述忽略字段中。
  78. 根据权利要求74至77中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备还包括:
    第四通信模块,用于在所述第一STA向第二STA发送第一PPDU之前,接收所述第二STA发送的第四MAC帧,所述第四MAC帧包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  79. 根据权利要求78所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第四MAC帧为信标帧。
  80. 根据权利要求78或79所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  81. 根据权利要求55至80中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二STA为接入点。
  82. 一种通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备为第二站点STA,所述通信设备包括:
    第一通信模块,用于接收第一STA发送的第一物理协议数据单元PPDU,所述第一PPDU包括第一信息和第二信息;
    其中,所述第一信息用于抢占所述第二STA的传输机会TXOP和/或指示所述第一STA包含待传输的低时延数据;所述第二信息用于确定所述第一STA的合法性。
  83. 根据权利要求82所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于组密钥或成对密钥生成。
  84. 根据权利要求83所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述组密钥包括以下中的一种或多种:组临时密钥GTK,完整性组临时密钥IGTK,信标完整性组临时密钥BIGTK以及控制组临时密钥CGTK。
  85. 根据权利要求82至84中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU占据所述第一STA的部分或全部工作带宽。
  86. 根据权利要求82至85中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一PPDU用于承载第一媒体访问控制MAC帧,所述第二信息为所述第一MAC帧中的消息完整码MIC。
  87. 根据权利要求86所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第一MAC帧包括第一帧控制序列FCS字段,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之前或者之后。
  88. 根据权利要求87所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述MIC对应的字段位于所述第一FCS字段之后,所述第一MAC帧还包括第二FCS字段,所述第二FCS字段位于所述MIC对应的字段之后。
  89. 根据权利要求82至85中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二信息为所述第一PPDU中的安全的长训练字段LTF。
  90. 根据权利要求82至89中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二信息基于第一参数生成;其中,所述第二信息为MIC,所述第一参数为包序号,或者,所述第二信息为安全的LTF,所述第一参数为序列号。
  91. 根据权利要求90所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备还包括:
    第二通信模块,用于在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,向所述第一STA发送第二PPDU,所述第二PPDU包括目标比特,所述目标比特为所述第一参数占用的部分或全部比特。
  92. 根据权利要求91所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU用于承载第二MAC帧,所述第二MAC帧包含所述目标比特。
  93. 根据权利要求92所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括聚合控制字段,所述目标比特承载于所述聚合控制字段中。
  94. 根据权利要求92所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括一个或多个特殊用户信息字段,所述目标比特承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段中。
  95. 根据权利要求94所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧包括通用信息字段,所述通用信息字段包括第三信息,所述第三信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户信息字段的数量。
  96. 根据权利要求94或95所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为触发帧。
  97. 根据权利要求92所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二MAC帧为数据帧、控制帧或管理帧。
  98. 根据权利要求92至97中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备还包括:
    第三通信模块,用于在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,向所述第二STA发送第三MAC帧,所述第三MAC帧中包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  99. 根据权利要求98所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第三MAC帧为信标帧;或者,所述第三MAC帧与所述第二MAC帧均承载于所述第二PPDU中。
  100. 根据权利要求91至99中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  101. 根据权利要求98所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二PPDU包括信号SIG字段,所述目标比特承载于所述SIG字段中。
  102. 根据权利要求101所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述SIG字段的用户特定字段包括一个或多个特殊用户字段,所述目标信息承载于所述一个或多个特殊用户字段中。
  103. 根据权利要求102所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述SIG字段包括通用字段,所述通用字段包括第四信息,所述第四信息用于指示所述一个或多个特殊用户字段的数量。
  104. 根据权利要求103所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通用字段包括忽略字段,所述第四信息承载于所述忽略字段中。
  105. 根据权利要求101至104中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述通信设备还包括:
    第四通信模块,用于在所述第二STA接收第一STA发送的第一PPDU之前,向所述第一STA发送第四MAC帧,所述第四MAC帧包含所述第一参数占用的比特中的除所述目标比特之外的其他比特。
  106. 根据权利要求105所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第四MAC帧为信标帧。
  107. 根据权利要求105或106所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述目标比特包括所述第一参数占用的比特中的M个最低有效比特,M为大于或等于1的正整数。
  108. 根据权利要求82至107中任一项所述的通信设备,其特征在于,所述第二STA为接入点。
  109. 一种通信设备,其特征在于,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器用于存储程序,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的程序,以使所述通信设备执行如权利要求1-27或28-54中任一项所述的方法。
  110. 一种装置,其特征在于,包括处理器,用于从存储器中调用程序,以使所述装置执行如权利要求1-27或28-54中任一项所述的方法。
  111. 一种芯片,其特征在于,包括处理器,用于从存储器调用程序,使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行如权利要求1-27或28-54中任一项所述的方法。
  112. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,其上存储有程序,所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-27或28-54中任一项所述的方法。
  113. 一种计算机程序产品,其特征在于,包括程序,所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-27或28-54中任一项所述的方法。
  114. 一种计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-27或28-54中任一项所述的方法。
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