WO2025124285A1 - 镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具 - Google Patents

镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025124285A1
WO2025124285A1 PCT/CN2024/137240 CN2024137240W WO2025124285A1 WO 2025124285 A1 WO2025124285 A1 WO 2025124285A1 CN 2024137240 W CN2024137240 W CN 2024137240W WO 2025124285 A1 WO2025124285 A1 WO 2025124285A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
image side
closest
efl
focal length
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/137240
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马明
赵壮
潘忠
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Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Yinwang Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2025124285A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025124285A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/06Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2103/00Exterior vehicle lighting devices for signalling purposes
    • F21W2103/60Projection of signs from lighting devices, e.g. symbols or information being projected onto the road
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2107/00Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles
    • F21W2107/10Use or application of lighting devices on or in particular types of vehicles for land vehicles

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of optical technology, and in particular to a lens, a projection device, a vehicle light device and a vehicle.
  • car headlights need to have traditional lighting functions and also be able to project patterns to meet the increasing demands for welcoming guests, information exchange, and autonomous driving. Therefore, in order to meet more and more demands, the optical requirements for headlights that can project patterns will become more stringent, such as requiring headlights to have a wider projectable field of view (FOV).
  • the field of view can be used as one of the important indicators to reflect the amount of projected information. The larger the field of view, the greater the amount of information that can be projected.
  • the lens used for headlights cannot have both a large aperture and a large field of view.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a lens, a projection device, a vehicle lamp device and a vehicle, which can enable the lens to have a large aperture and a large field of view.
  • the present application provides a lens, comprising at least five lenses arranged from the image side to the object side.
  • the image side surface of the lens closest to the image side in the lens is a concave surface
  • the number of lenses with positive optical power in the lens is at least three
  • the number of lenses with negative optical power in the lens is at least one.
  • the lens with negative optical power is arranged between the lens closest to the image side in the lens and the lens closest to the object side in the lens.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application is composed of at least five lenses, at least three of which have positive focal length, at least one of which has negative focal length, and the image side of the lens closest to the image side is concave, which can achieve a large field of view under the condition that Fno is less than or equal to 1.0, so that the lens can have the characteristics of a large aperture and a large field of view at the same time, thereby meeting the projection requirements.
  • Fno is less than or equal to 1.0
  • the lens with negative power when the number of lenses with negative power is one, the lens with negative power is arranged between the lens closest to the image side and the lens closest to the object side in the lens, which can ensure that the lens has the characteristics of large aperture and large field of view.
  • the lens closest to the object side and/or image side in the lens when the number of lenses with negative power is at least two, and the lens closest to the object side and/or image side in the lens has negative power, the lens can also have the characteristics of large aperture and large field of view.
  • the lens satisfies the relationship: 0.8 ⁇ BFL/EFL ⁇ 0.9, wherein BFL is the back focal length of the lens, and EFL is the focal length of the lens.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application can avoid the optical path of the lens being too long or too short after satisfying the relationship: 0.8 ⁇ BFL/EFL ⁇ 0.9, which is beneficial to the design and setting of the rear optical path. In addition, it can also ensure that the lens has the characteristics of large aperture and large field of view at the same time.
  • the lens satisfies the relationship: 33 mm ⁇ EFL ⁇ 38 mm, where EFL is the focal length of the lens.
  • the lens satisfies the relationship: -4 ⁇ R1/EFL ⁇ -2, wherein R1 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface of the lens element closest to the image side in the lens, and EFL is the focal length of the lens.
  • the lens satisfies the relationship: -152 mm ⁇ R1 ⁇ -99 mm, where R1 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface of the lens element closest to the image side in the lens.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application satisfies the relationship: -152mm ⁇ R1 ⁇ -99mm, and can also reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the lens closest to the image side of the lens while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view, improve the yield, and help improve economic efficiency. In addition, it can also facilitate the correction of aberrations. In addition, it can also prevent the image side of the lens closest to the image side of the lens from being too protruding or too flat, effectively balancing the optical performance of the lens and the shape of the headlight.
  • the lens satisfies the relationship: -10 ⁇ R2/EFL ⁇ 10, wherein R2 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the lens element closest to the object side in the lens, and EFL is the focal length of the lens.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application satisfies the relationship: -10 ⁇ R2/EFL ⁇ 10, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the lens closest to the object side in the lens, improve the yield, and help improve the economy while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view.
  • it can also prevent the object side of the lens closest to the object side in the lens from being too protruding or too concave.
  • the object side of the lens closest to the object side is too protruding, it will interfere with the other optical elements, or compress the optical space between the lens and the projection chip, or cause damage to the lens close to the object side. If the object side of the lens closest to the object side is too concave, it will be detrimental to aberration correction.
  • the lens satisfies the relationship: -380 mm ⁇ R2 ⁇ 380 mm, where R2 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the lens element closest to the object side in the lens.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application satisfies the relationship: -380mm ⁇ R2 ⁇ 380mm, and can also reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the lens closest to the object side of the lens while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view, improve the yield rate, and help improve economic efficiency. In addition, it can also prevent the object side of the lens closest to the object side of the lens from being too protruding or too concave, effectively balancing the optical performance of the lens and the shape of the headlight.
  • the lens element closest to the image side of the lens has positive refractive power.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the economy of the lens while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view by setting the lens closest to the image side to a lens with positive focal power.
  • the lens element closest to the object side in the lens has positive refractive power.
  • the lens provided in the embodiment of the present application can increase the amount of light entering the lens by setting the lens closest to the object side to a lens with positive focal power, thereby improving the optical performance.
  • the cost-effectiveness of the lens can also be improved.
  • the display unit includes a light source unit and a modulation unit, wherein the modulation unit is used to modulate the light beam emitted by the light source unit to generate imaging light, and emit the imaging light to the lens.
  • the display unit further includes a reflection unit, and the reflection unit is used to reflect the light beam emitted by the light source unit to the modulation unit.
  • a third aspect of the present application is a vehicle lamp device, comprising a housing and a projection device as described in any one of the second aspects, wherein at least a portion of the projection device is disposed inside the housing.
  • a fourth aspect of the present application is a vehicle, comprising the vehicle light device according to the third aspect.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle lamp device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a lens provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first projection device provided in Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a diagram of spherical chromatic aberration of the lens in FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a diagram of astigmatism field curvature of the lens in FIG3 ;
  • FIG6 is a distortion diagram of the lens in FIG3 ;
  • FIG10 is a distortion diagram of the lens in FIG8 ;
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a third projection device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a diagram of spherical chromatic aberration of the lens in FIG11 ;
  • FIG13 is a diagram of astigmatism field curvature of the lens in FIG11 ;
  • FIG. 14 is a distortion diagram of the lens 10 in FIG. 11 .
  • CG Cover glass
  • DMD Digital micromirror devices
  • LCOS Liquid crystal on silicon
  • Axial chromatic aberration also known as longitudinal chromatic aberration or position chromatic aberration, is a beam of light parallel to the optical axis that converges at different positions before and after passing through the lens. This aberration is called position chromatic aberration or axial chromatic aberration. This is because the positions of the images of different wavelengths of light are different, so that the imaging planes of the images of different colors of light cannot completely overlap when the final image is formed, and the complex light spreads out to form dispersion.
  • Distortion also known as distortion
  • Distortion is the degree of distortion of the image formed by the optical system relative to the object itself. Distortion is due to the influence of aperture aberration.
  • the height of the intersection of the main light of different fields of view with the Gaussian image plane after passing through the optical system is not equal to the ideal image height. The difference between the two is the distortion. Therefore, distortion only changes the imaging position of the off-axis object point on the ideal plane, causing the shape of the image to be distorted, but does not affect the clarity of the image.
  • headlights need to have traditional lighting functions and also be able to project patterns to meet the increasing demands in welcoming guests, information interaction, and autonomous driving. Therefore, in order to meet more and more demands, the optical requirements for headlights that can project patterns will become more stringent.
  • headlights are required to have a wider projectable field of view (FOV).
  • the field of view can be used as one of the important indicators to reflect the amount of projected information. The larger the field of view, the greater the amount of information that can be projected.
  • the lens used in car lights cannot have a large aperture and a large field of view at the same time. Therefore, how to make the lens have a large aperture and a large field of view at the same time has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a lens 10, a projection device 120, a vehicle lamp device 100 and a vehicle.
  • the lens 10 can have the characteristics of a large aperture and a large field of view, and can improve the projection range and brightness to meet usage requirements.
  • the transportation provided in the embodiment of the present application may include but is not limited to cars, trucks, motorcycles, buses, ships, airplanes, helicopters, lawn mowers, recreational vehicles, amusement park vehicles, construction equipment, trams, golf carts, trains or carts, etc.
  • a bridge vehicle is taken as an example of the above transportation.
  • the transportation may include a vehicle lamp device 100, which can emit lighting at night to ensure driving safety.
  • the vehicle lighting device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may include but is not limited to pixel display lights, near-field welcome lights, pedestrian or interactive lights, car headlights, etc.
  • a car headlight is taken as an example of the above-mentioned vehicle lighting device 100.
  • the vehicle lighting device 100 can play the role of projection imaging and display lighting, such as lighting at night.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle lamp device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle lamp device 100 may include a housing 110 and a projection device 120. At least part of the projection device 120 is disposed in the housing 110.
  • the projection device 120 is disposed inside the housing 110.
  • a part of the projection device 120 may also be disposed inside the housing 110 and another part may be disposed outside the housing 110.
  • the projection device 120 is used for projecting imaging and displaying lighting.
  • the projection device 120 may include a display unit 20 and a lens 10.
  • the display unit 20 is used to emit imaging light to the lens 10.
  • the lens 10 may emit the imaging light to the outside of the housing 110 to form an image outside the housing 110 or to provide lighting.
  • the display unit 20 includes a light source unit 21 and a modulation unit 22 .
  • the modulation unit 22 is used to modulate the light beam emitted by the light source unit 21 to generate imaging light, and emit the imaging light to the lens 10 .
  • the modulation unit 22 may be a projection chip, which may modulate the light beam emitted by the light source unit 21 and generate imaging light directed to the lens 10.
  • the projection chip may include but is not limited to DMD, LCOS, MEMS or LCD.
  • the reflection unit 23 may be a curved mirror, and the light emitted by the light source unit 21 is reflected to the modulation unit 22 through the curved surface of the curved mirror.
  • the lens with negative optical power is arranged between the lens closest to the image side and the lens closest to the object side in the lens 10, which can ensure that the lens 10 has the characteristics of large aperture and large field of view.
  • the lens closest to the object side and/or image side in the lens 10 can also have negative optical power, which can also ensure that the lens 10 has the characteristics of large aperture and large field of view.
  • the lens 10 may also satisfy the relationship: 0.8 ⁇ BFL/EFL ⁇ 0.9, where BFL is the back focal length of the lens 10 , and EFL is the focal length of the lens 10 .
  • the optical path of the lens 10 can be prevented from being too long or too short, which is beneficial to the design and setting of the rear optical path.
  • it can also ensure that the lens 10 has the characteristics of large aperture and large field of view.
  • the focal length of the lens 10 there is no limitation on the specific value of the focal length of the lens 10 , and it may include but is not limited to 33.5 mm, 33.88 mm, 33.9 mm, 34 mm, 34.5 mm, 35 mm, 35.3 mm, 36 mm, 37 mm or 37.5 mm.
  • the lens 10 can also satisfy the relationship: -152mm ⁇ R1 ⁇ -99mm, and can also reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the lens closest to the image side in the lens 10 while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view, improve the yield, and help improve economic efficiency. In addition, it can also facilitate the correction of aberrations. In addition, it can also prevent the image side of the lens closest to the image side in the lens 10 from being too protruding or too flat, effectively balancing the optical performance of the lens 10 and the shape of the headlight.
  • the lens 10 may also satisfy the relationship: ⁇ 10 ⁇ R2/EFL ⁇ 10, where R2 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the lens element closest to the object side in the lens 10 , and EFL is the focal length of the lens 10 .
  • the lens 10 satisfies the relationship: -10 ⁇ R2/EFL ⁇ 10, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the lens closest to the object side in the lens 10, improve the yield, and help improve the economy while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view.
  • it can also prevent the object side of the lens closest to the object side in the lens 10 from being too protruding or too concave.
  • the object side of the lens closest to the object side is too protruding, it will interfere with the other optical elements, or compress the optical space between the lens 10 and the projection chip, or cause damage to the lens close to the object side. If the object side of the lens closest to the object side is too concave, it will be detrimental to aberration correction.
  • R2/EFL may include but is not limited to -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 1.85, 1.897, 1.9, 1.95, 2, 2.5, 5.987, 2.6, 3, 3.5, 3.6, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.1, 5.159, 5.19, 5.195, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9.1, 9.22 or 9.984, etc.
  • the lens 10 may also satisfy the relationship: -380 mm ⁇ R2 ⁇ 380 mm, where R2 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the lens element closest to the object side in the lens 10 .
  • the lens 10 satisfies the relationship: -380mm ⁇ R2 ⁇ 380mm, and can also reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the lens closest to the object side in the lens 10, improve the yield rate, and help improve the economy while achieving a large aperture and a large field of view. In addition, it can also prevent the object side of the lens closest to the object side in the lens 10 from being too protruding or too concave, effectively balancing the optical performance of the lens 10 and the shape of the headlight.
  • R2 there is no limitation on the specific value of R2, for example, it may include but is not limited to -375mm, -370mm, -350mm, -300mm, -250mm, -200mm, -150mm, -100mm, 0, 10mm, 50mm, 73.5mm, 76.98mm, 79mm, 80mm, 85mm, 90mm, 95mm, 100mm, 105mm, 110mm, 115mm, 120mm, 121mm, 125mm, 129mm, 130mm, 140mm, 150mm, 160mm, 170mm, 180mm, 181mm, 182mm, 183mm, 184mm, 184.954mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, 310mm, 340mm, 350mm, 355mm, 359mm, 360mm, 370mm or 375mm, etc.
  • the lens element closest to the image side in the lens 10 may have positive optical power.
  • the first lens element 11 closest to the image side has positive optical power.
  • the first lens element 11 may also have negative optical power.
  • the lens closest to the image side to a lens with positive refractive power, it is possible to achieve a large aperture and a large field of view at the same time, which is beneficial to improving the economy of the lens 10.
  • the lens element closest to the object side in the lens 10 may have positive optical power.
  • the fifth lens element 15 closest to the object side has positive optical power.
  • the fifth lens element 15 may also have negative optical power.
  • the amount of light entering the lens 10 can be increased to improve the optical performance.
  • the economic efficiency of the lens 10 can also be improved.
  • At least one lens may be a spherical lens.
  • all five lenses in the lens 10 may be spherical lenses.
  • the number of spherical lenses may be less than five.
  • the more spherical mirrors the lens 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the greater the degree of reduction in the difficulty of processing the lens 10, which is beneficial to improving the yield rate.
  • the imaging quality can also be improved.
  • the lens 10 may be provided with one of the cover glass 17 and the filter, or may be provided with both.
  • R is the radius of curvature of the optical element (such as a lens or a glass cover) at the position corresponding to the optical axis
  • Th is the surface thickness of the optical element along the optical axis
  • Nd is the refractive index of the d-line irradiated to each optical element
  • Vd is the Abbe number of the optical element.
  • FIG4 is a spherical chromatic aberration diagram of the lens in FIG3.
  • the ordinate represents the normalized pupil coordinate
  • the abscissa represents the aberration in the axial direction, in millimeters.
  • three curves correspond to the axial aberration curves of light with a wavelength of 625 nm, light with a wavelength of 550 nm, and light with a wavelength of 455 nm after passing through the lens 10 of this embodiment.
  • the axial aberration is controlled within a very small range and is well corrected.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second projection device provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
  • the projection device 120 may include a lens 10 and a modulation unit 22.
  • the lens 10 includes a first lens 11, a second lens 12, a third lens 13, an aperture 16, a fourth lens 14, a fifth lens 15, and a cover glass 17 arranged in sequence from the image side to the object side.
  • the first lens 11 is closest to the image side
  • the image side surface of the first lens 11 is a concave surface
  • the fifth lens 15 is closest to the image side
  • the cover glass 17 is disposed between the fifth lens 15 and the modulation unit 22.
  • the modulation unit 22 may be a projection chip
  • the projection chip may be a DMD or LCOS.
  • the first lens 11 has positive power, and the ratio of the focal length f1 of the first lens 11 to the focal length EFL of the lens 10 is:
  • 3.33.
  • the second lens 12 has positive power, and the ratio of the focal length f2 of the second lens 12 to the focal length EFL of the lens 10 is:
  • 2.32.
  • the third lens 13 has negative power, and the ratio of the focal length f3 of the third lens 13 to the focal length EFL of the lens 10 is:
  • 2.227.
  • the fourth lens 14 has positive power, and the ratio of the focal length f4 of the fourth lens 14 to the focal length EFL of the lens 10 is:
  • 1.188.
  • the fifth lens 15 has positive power, and the ratio of the focal length f5 of the fifth lens 15 to the focal length EFL of the lens 10 is:
  • 1.787.
  • the lens closest to the image side in the lens 10 is the first lens 11.
  • the curvature radius R1 of the image side surface of the first lens 11 is -101.6 mm, which is greater than -152 mm and less than -99 mm, meeting the requirements.
  • the lens closest to the object side in the lens 10 is the fifth lens 15.
  • the curvature radius R2 of the object side surface of the fifth lens 15 is 210.16 mm, which is greater than -380 mm and less than 380 mm, meeting the requirements.
  • Table 3 shows the optical parameters of each optical element in the projection device 120 provided in the second embodiment.
  • S1 is the image side surface of the first lens 11
  • S2 is the object side surface of the first lens 11
  • S3 is the image side surface of the second lens 12
  • S4 is the object side surface of the second lens 12
  • S5 is the image side surface of the third lens 13
  • S6 is the object side surface of the third lens 13
  • S7 is the aperture 16
  • S8 is the image side surface of the fourth lens 14
  • S9 is the object side surface of the fourth lens 14
  • S10 is the image side surface of the fifth lens 15
  • S11 is the object side surface of the fifth lens 15
  • S12 is the image side surface of the cover glass 17
  • S13 is the object side surface of the cover glass 17
  • OBJ is the projection surface (object surface)
  • ImgH is the imaging surface.
  • R is the radius of curvature of the optical element (such as a lens or a glass cover) at the position corresponding to the optical axis
  • Th is the surface thickness of the optical element along the optical axis
  • Nd is the refractive index of the d-line irradiated to each optical element
  • Vd is the Abbe number of the optical element.
  • Table 4 shows the optical parameters of the lens 10 provided in the second embodiment.
  • EFL is the focal length of the lens 10
  • FOV is the maximum field of view of the lens 10
  • Fno is the aperture of the lens 10
  • BFL is the back focal length of the lens 10
  • TTL is the total optical length of the lens 10
  • R1 is the radius of curvature of the image side surface of the lens closest to the image side in the lens 10
  • R2 is the radius of curvature of the object side surface of the lens closest to the object side in the lens
  • f1 is the focal length of the first lens 11
  • f2 is the focal length of the second lens 12
  • f3 is the focal length of the third lens 13
  • f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens 14
  • f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens 15.
  • FIG8 is a spherical chromatic aberration diagram of the lens in FIG7.
  • the ordinate represents the normalized pupil coordinate
  • the abscissa represents the aberration in the axial direction, in millimeters.
  • three curves correspond to the axial aberration curves of light with a wavelength of 625 nm, light with a wavelength of 550 nm, and light with a wavelength of 455 nm after passing through the lens 10 of this embodiment.
  • the axial aberration is controlled within a very small range and is well corrected.
  • FIG9 is a diagram of astigmatism field curvature of the lens in FIG8
  • FIG10 is a diagram of distortion of the lens in FIG8
  • S represents the field curvature value of light with a wavelength of 525 nm on the meridional image plane
  • T represents the field curvature value of light with a wavelength of 525 nm on the sagittal image plane
  • the solid line represents the distortion value of light with a central wavelength of 525 nm passing through the lens 10 of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third projection device provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
  • the projection device 120 may include a lens 10 and a modulation unit 22.
  • the lens 10 includes a first lens 11, a second lens 12, a third lens 13, an aperture 16, a fourth lens 14, a fifth lens 15, and a cover glass 17 arranged in sequence from the image side to the object side.
  • the first lens 11 is closest to the image side
  • the image side surface of the first lens 11 is a concave surface
  • the fifth lens 15 is closest to the image side
  • the cover glass 17 is disposed between the fifth lens 15 and the modulation unit 22.
  • the modulation unit 22 may be a projection chip
  • the projection chip may be a DMD or LCOS.
  • Table 5 shows the optical parameters of each optical element in the projection device 120 provided in the third embodiment.
  • Table 6 shows the optical parameters of the lens 10 provided in the third embodiment.
  • FIG13 is a diagram of astigmatism field curvature of the lens in FIG11
  • FIG14 is a diagram of distortion of the lens 10 in FIG11.
  • S represents the field curvature value of light with a wavelength of 525 nm on the meridional image plane
  • T represents the field curvature value of light with a wavelength of 525 nm on the sagittal image plane.
  • the solid line represents the distortion value of light with a central wavelength of 525 nm passing through the lens 10 of this embodiment.
  • the lens 10 provided in this embodiment controls the field curvature and distortion within a corresponding range, which can meet the use requirements.
  • the devices or elements referred to or implied must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.
  • the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise precisely and specifically specified.
  • the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具,属于光学技术领域。其中,镜头包括从像侧到物侧排列的至少五个镜片。镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面为凹面,镜头中具有正光焦度的镜片的数量为至少三个,镜头中具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为至少一个。其中,当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为一个时,具有负光焦度的镜片设置于镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片和镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片之间。本申请实施例提供的镜头可以在Fno小于或等于1.0的条件下实现较大视场角,使得镜头可以同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。

Description

镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具
本申请要求于2023年12月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为202311723350.6、申请名称为“镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及光学技术领域,特别涉及一种镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具。
背景技术
随着智能汽车技术的发展,需要车载大灯具有传统的照明功能,还要有着可投影图案,以满足迎宾、信息交互、自动驾驶等方面愈来愈多的需求。因此,为了满足越来越多的需求,对能够投影图案的车灯的光学要求也将越来严格,例如要求车灯具有较广的可投射的视场角(field of view,FOV),视场角可以作为反应投影信息量的重要指标之一,视场角越大,那么可以投影的信息量也越大。然而,应用于车灯的镜头无法同时具备大光圈和大视场角。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具,可以使镜头同时具备大光圈和大视场角。
本申请第一方面提供一种镜头,包括从像侧到物侧排列的至少五个镜片。镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面为凹面,镜头中具有正光焦度的镜片的数量为至少三个,镜头中具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为至少一个。其中,当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为一个时,具有负光焦度的镜片设置于镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片和镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片之间。
本申请实施例提供的镜头通过至少五个镜片构成,镜片中的至少三个镜片具有正光焦度,镜头中的至少一个镜片具有负光焦度,镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面为凹面,可以在Fno小于或等于1.0的条件下实现大视场角,从而镜头可以同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性,进而可以满足投影需求。另外,在实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,还可以确保镜头的后焦长度足够长,有利于后端光路的设置。
其中,当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为一个时,具有负光焦度的镜片设置于镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片和镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片之间,能够保证镜头同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。另外,当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为至少两个,且镜头中最靠近物侧和/或像侧的镜片具有负光焦度时,也可以使得镜头同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头满足关系式:0.8<BFL/EFL<0.9,其中,BFL为镜头的后焦长度,EFL为镜头的焦距。
本申请实施例提供的镜头在满足关系式:0.8<BFL/EFL<0.9以后,可以避免镜头的光路过长或过短,有利于设计和后端光路的设置。另外,还可以确保镜头同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头满足关系式:33mm<EFL<38mm,其中,EFL为镜头的焦距。
本申请实施例提供的镜头的焦距大于33mm且小于38mm,可以在实现大光圈的前提下,能够实现大于20°X10°的视场角,其中,20°指的是镜头在水平方向上的视场角,10°指的是镜头在竖直方向上的视场角。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头满足关系式:-4<R1/EFL<-2,其中,R1为镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径,EFL为镜头的焦距。
本申请实施例提供的镜头通过满足关系式:-4<R1/EFL<-2,可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,降低镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,还可以方便像差的校正。除此之外,还可以避免镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太突出或太平,其中,最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太突出可能导致该镜片与其余元件干涉,最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太平会影响车灯造型。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头满足关系式:-152mm<R1<-99mm,其中,R1为镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径。
本申请实施例提供的镜头通过满足关系式:-152mm<R1<-99mm,也可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,降低镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,还可以方便像差的校正。除此之外,还可以避免镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太突出或太平,有效平衡镜头的光学性能和车灯造型。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头满足关系式:-10<R2/EFL<10,其中,R2为镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径,EFL为镜头的焦距。
本申请实施例提供的镜头通过满足关系式:-10<R2/EFL<10,可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,可以降低镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,还可以避免镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太突出或太凹。其中,最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太突出会与其余光学元件干涉,或者会压缩镜头与投影芯片之间的光学空间,或者会导致靠近物侧的镜片损坏。最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太凹会不利于像差校正。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头满足关系式:-380mm<R2<380mm,其中,R2为镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径。
本申请实施例提供的镜头满足关系式:-380mm<R2<380mm,也可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,可以降低镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,也可以避免镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太突出或太凹,有效平衡镜头的光学性能和车灯造型。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头中最靠近像侧的镜片具有正光焦度。
本申请实施例提供的镜头通过将最靠近像侧的镜片设置成具有正光焦度的镜片,可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,有利于提高镜头的经济性。
在一种可能的实施方式中,镜头中最靠近物侧的镜片具有正光焦度。
本申请实施例提供的镜头通过将最靠近物侧的镜片设置成具有正光焦度的镜片,可以提高进入镜头的进光量,以提高光学性能。另外,还可以提高镜头的经济性。
本申请第一方面二种投影装置,包括显示单元和如第一方面任一项的镜头,显示单元用于向镜头出射成像光。
在一种可能的实施方式中,显示单元包括光源单元和调制单元。其中,调制单元,用于对光源单元出射的光束进行调制以生成成像光,并向镜头出射成像光。
在一种可能的实施方式中,显示单元还包括反射单元,反射单元用于将光源单元出射的光束反射至调制单元。
本申请第三方面一种车灯装置,包括外壳和如第二方面任一项的投影装置,投影装置的至少部分设置于外壳的内部。
本申请第四方面一种交通工具,包括如第三方面的车灯装置。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种车灯装置的结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种镜头的结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例一提供的第一种投影装置的结构示意图;
图4为图3中的镜头的球色差图;
图5为图3中的镜头的像散场曲图;
图6为图3中的镜头的畸变图;
图7为本申请实施例二提供的第二种投影装置的结构示意图;
图8为图7中的镜头的球色差图;
图9为图8中的镜头的像散场曲图;
图10为图8中的镜头的畸变图;
图11为本申请实施例三提供的第三种投影装置的结构示意图;
图12为图11中的镜头的球色差图;
图13为图11中的镜头的像散场曲图;
图14为图11中的镜头10的畸变图。
附图标记说明:
100、车灯装置;
110、外壳;120、投影装置;
10、镜头;11、第一镜片;12、第二镜片;13、第三镜片;14、第四镜片;15、第五镜片;16、光
阑;17、盖板玻璃;
20、显示单元;21、光源单元;211、光源;212、准直单元;22、调制单元;23、反射单元。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释,而非旨在限定本申请。
为便于理解,首先对本申请实施例所涉及的相关技术术语进行解释和说明。
焦距,也称为焦长,是光学系统中衡量光的聚集或发射散的度量方式,指无限远的景物通过透镜或透镜组在焦平面结成清晰影像时,透镜或透镜组的光学中心至焦平面的垂直距离。
像侧,以镜头为界,图像所在的一侧为像侧,镜片面向像侧的一面为镜片的像侧面。
物侧,调制单元所在的一侧为物侧,镜片面向物侧的一面为物侧面。
总长度(total track length,简称TTL),指镜头中邻近物侧设置的第一镜片的顶点至镜头成像面的总长度,也被称为光学总长。
后焦长度(back focal length,简称BFL),定义为镜头中最靠近成像面的镜片至调制单元的距离。
光焦度,表征镜片对入射平行光束的屈折能力。
正光焦度,表示镜片有正的焦距,有汇聚光线的效果。
负光焦度,表示镜片有负的焦距,有发散光线的效果。
光圈,是用来控制光线透过镜头进入电子设备内部的光量的装置,通常在镜头内,表达光圈大小用F#(F-number)数值表示。
光圈数F#,是镜头的焦距/镜头通光直径得出的相对值(相对孔径的倒数),光圈数F#值越小,在同一单位时间内的进光量越多。
盖板玻璃(cover glass,CG),用于保护投影芯片。
调制单元,用于对光源发出的光束进行调制,以生成形成图像的图像光。
数字微反射镜阵列(digital micromirror devices,DMD),用于反射光线形成图像。
硅基液晶(liquid crystal on silicon,LCOS),用于反射光线。
轴向色差,也称为纵向色差或位置色差,一束平行于光轴的光线,在经过镜头后会聚于前后不同的位置,这种像差称为位置色差或轴向色差。这是由于镜头对各个波长的光所成像的位置不同,使得最后成像时不同色的光的像其成像面不能完全重合,复色光散开形成色散。
畸变(distortion),也称为失真,光学系统对物体所成的像相对于物体本身而言的失真程度。畸变是由于光阑像差的影响,不同视场的主光线通过光学系统后与高斯像面的交点高度不等于理想像高,两者之差就是畸变。因此畸变只改变轴外物点在理想面上的成像位置,使像的形状产生失真,但不影响像的清晰度。
随着智能汽车技术的发展,需要车载大灯具有传统的照明功能,还要有着可投影图案,以满足迎宾、信息交互、自动驾驶等方面愈来愈多的需求。因此,为了满足越来越多的需求,对能够投影图案的车灯的光学要求也将越来严格,例如要求车灯具有较广的可投射的视场角(field of view,FOV),视场角可以作为反应投影信息量的重要指标之一,视场角越大,那么可以投影的信息量也越大。然而,应用于车灯的镜头无法同时具备大光圈和大视场角。因此,如何使镜头同时具备大光圈和大视场角成为一个亟待解决的问题。
有鉴于此,本申请实施例提供一种镜头10、投影装置120、车灯装置100和交通工具,该镜头10可以同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性,能够提高投射范围和亮度,以满足使用需求。
本申请实施例提供的交通工具可以包括但不局限于为轿车、卡车、摩托车、公共汽车、船、飞机、直升飞机、割草机、娱乐车、游乐场车辆、施工设备、电车、高尔夫球车、火车或手推车等。其中,在本申请实施例中,以桥车为上述交通工具为例来进行说明,交通工具可以包括车灯装置100,可以在夜间时发出照明光,以确保行车安全。
本申请实施例提供的车灯装置100可以包括但不局限于为像素显示车灯、近场迎宾车灯、行人或交互车灯、汽车大灯等,例如在本申请实施例中,以汽车大灯为上述车灯装置100为例进行说明,车灯装置100可以起到投影成像以及显示照明的作用,例如在夜间照明。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种车灯装置的结构示意图。参见图1所示,车灯装置100可以包括外壳110和投影装置120。投影装置120的至少部分设置于外壳110内,例如图1所示,投影装置120设置于外壳110的内部,当然,投影装置120也可以一部分设置于外壳110的内部,另一部分设置于外壳110的外部。投影装置120,用于投影成像以及显示照明的作用。
参见图1所示,投影装置120可以包括显示单元20和镜头10,显示单元20用于向镜头10出射成像光,镜头10可以将成像光出射到外壳110的外部,以在外壳110的外部形成图像,或者起到照明作用。
参见图1所示,显示单元20包括光源单元21和调制单元22。其中,调制单元22,用于对光源单元21出射的光束进行调制以生成成像光,并向镜头10出射成像光。
对于调制单元22的具体结构,这里不作限制。示例性地,调制单元22可以为投影芯片,投影芯片可以对光源单元21发出的光束进行调制并生成射向镜头10的成像光。其中,投影芯片可以包括但不局限于为DMD、LCOS、MEMS或LCD等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,继续参见图1所示,光源单元21还可以包括光源211和准直单元212。其中,准直单元212用于对光源211发出的光进行准直,并将准直后的光束传输至反射单元23,反射单元23将准直后的光束反射至调制单元22。
在一些可能的实现方式中,继续参见图1所示,显示单元20还可以包括反射单元23,反射单元23用于将光源单元21出射的光束反射至调制单元22。
对于反射单元23的具体结构,这里不作限制。示例性地,继续参见图1所示,反射单元23可以为曲面镜,光源单元21发出的光通过该曲面镜的曲面反射至调制单元22。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例提供的投影装置120除了应用于车灯装置100投影成像以及显示照明的作用外,还可以应用于如投影仪、抬头显示装置、增强显示(augmented reality,AR)眼镜等设备中,起到投影成像的作用。
下面结合附图,对本申请实施例提供的镜头10进行说明。
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种镜头的结构示意图。
本申请实施例提供的镜头10包括从像侧到物侧排列的至少五个镜片,例如图2所示,镜头10可以包括从像侧到物侧依次排列的五个镜片,五个镜片分别为第一镜片11、第二镜片12、第三镜片13、第四镜片14和第五镜片15,当然,镜片的数量也可以多于五个。如图2所示,镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面为凹面,即第一镜片11的像侧面为凹面。镜头10中具有正光焦度的镜片的数量为至少三个,镜头10中具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为至少一个,例如图2所示,五个镜片中的其中四个镜片具有正光焦度、另外一个镜片具有负光焦度,当然,五个镜片中具有正光焦度的镜片数量也可以是三个,另外,五个镜片中具有负光焦度的镜片数量也可以是两个。其中,当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为一个时,具有负光焦度的镜片设置于镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片和镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片之间,例如图2所示,镜头10可以包括从像侧到物侧排列的具有正光焦度的第一镜片11、具有正光焦度的第二镜片12、具有负光焦度的第三镜片13、具有正光焦度的第四镜片14和具有正光焦度的第五镜片15,第一镜片11最靠近像侧,第五镜片15最靠近物侧。当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量多个时,对于具有负光焦度的镜片的位置,这里不作限制。
镜头10通过至少五个镜片构成,镜片中的至少三个镜片具有正光焦度,镜头10中的至少一个镜片具有负光焦度,镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面为凹面,可以在Fno小于或等于1.0的条件下实现大视场角,从而镜头10可以同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性,进而可以满足投影需求。另外,在实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,还可以确保镜头10的后焦长度足够长,有利于后端光路的设置。
其中,当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为一个时,具有负光焦度的镜片设置于镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片和镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片之间,能够保证镜头10同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。当具有负光焦度的镜片的数量为至少两个时,镜头10中最靠近物侧和/或像侧的镜片也可以具有负光焦度,也可以确保镜头10同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以满足关系式:0.8<BFL/EFL<0.9,其中,BFL为镜头10的后焦长度,EFL为镜头10的焦距。
相应的,镜头10在满足关系式:0.8<BFL/EFL<0.9以后,可以避免镜头10的光路过长或过短,有利于设计和后端光路的设置。另外,还可以确保镜头10同时具备大光圈和大视场角的特性。
对于BFL/EFL的具体比值,这里不作限制,例如可以包括但不限于为0.81、0.82、0.83、0.84、0.85、0.8591、0.86、0.87、0.88或0.89等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以满足关系式:33mm<EFL<38mm,其中,EFL为镜头10的焦距。
相应的,镜头10的焦距大于33mm且小于38mm,可以在实现大光圈的前提下,能够实现大于20°X10°的视场角,其中,20°指的是镜头10在水平方向上的视场角,10°指的是镜头10在竖直方向上的视场角。
对于镜头10的焦距的具体取值,这里不作限制,例如可以包括但不限于为33.5mm、33.88mm、33.9mm、34mm、34.5mm、35mm、35.3mm、36mm、37mm或37.5mm等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以满足关系式:-4<R1/EFL<-2,其中,R1为镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径,EFL为镜头10的焦距。
相应的,镜头10满足关系式:-4<R1/EFL<-2,可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,降低镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,还可以方便像差的校正。除此之外,还可以避免镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太突出或太平,其中,最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太突出可能导致该镜片与其余元件干涉,最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太平会影响车灯造型。
对于R1/EFL的具体比值,这里不作限制,例如可以包括但不限于为-2.1、-2.5、-3、-3.5、-3.6、-3.8、-3.9或-3.985等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以满足关系式:-152mm<R1<-99mm,其中,R1为镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径。
相应的,镜头10通过还可以满足关系式:-152mm<R1<-99mm,也可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,降低镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,还可以方便像差的校正。除此之外,还可以避免镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面太突出或太平,有效平衡镜头10的光学性能和车灯造型。
对于R1的具体取值,这里不作限制,例如可以包括但不限于为-99.5mm、-100mm、-105mm、-110mm、-115mm、-120mm、-121mm、-125mm、-130mm、-135mm、-140mm、-145mm、-150mm、-151mm或-151.95mm等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以满足关系式:-10<R2/EFL<10,其中,R2为镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径,EFL为镜头10的焦距。
相应的,镜头10满足关系式:-10<R2/EFL<10,可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,可以降低镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,还可以避免镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太突出或太凹。其中,最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太突出会与其余光学元件干涉,或者会压缩镜头10与投影芯片之间的光学空间,或者会导致靠近物侧的镜片损坏。最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太凹会不利于像差校正。
对于R2/EFL的具体比值,这里不作限制,例如可以包括但不限于为-9、-8、-7、-6、-5、-4、-3、、-2、-1、0、1、1.85、1.897、1.9、1.95、2、2.5、5.987、2.6、3、3.5、3.6、4、4.5、5、5.1、5.159、5.19、5.195、6、7、8、9、9.1、9.22或9.984等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以满足关系式:-380mm<R2<380mm,其中,R2为镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径。
相应的,镜头10满足关系式:-380mm<R2<380mm,也可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,可以降低镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的制造难度,提高良率,有利于提升经济性。另外,也可以避免镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面太突出或太凹,有效平衡镜头10的光学性能和车灯造型。
对于R2的具体取值,这里不作限制,例如可以包括但不限于为-375mm、-370mm、-350mm、-300mm、-250mm、-200mm、-150mm、-100mm、0、10mm、50mm、73.5mm、76.98mm、79mm、80mm、85mm、90mm、95mm、100mm、105mm、110mm、115mm、120mm、121mm、125mm、129mm、130mm、140mm、150mm、160mm、170mm、180mm、181mm、182mm、183mm、184mm、184.954mm、200mm、250mm、300mm、310mm、340mm、350mm、355mm、359mm、360mm、370mm或375mm等。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片可以具有正光焦度,例如图2所示,最靠近像侧的第一镜片11具有正光焦度,当然,第一镜片11也可以具有负光焦度。
相应的,通过将最靠近像侧的镜片设置成具有正光焦度的镜片,可以在同时实现大光圈和大视场角的前提下,有利于提高镜头10的经济性。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片可以具有正光焦度,例如图2所示,最靠近物侧的第五镜片15具有正光焦度,当然,第五镜片15也可以具有负光焦度。
相应的,通过将最靠近物侧的镜片设置成具有正光焦度的镜片,可以提高进入镜头10的进光量,以提高光学性能。另外,还可以提高镜头10的经济性。
在一些可能的实现方式中,至少一个镜片可以为球面镜,例如图2所示,镜头10中的五个镜片都可以为球面镜,当然,球面镜的数量也可以少于五个。
相应的,本申请实施例提供镜头10采用的球面镜的数量越多,那么对于降低镜头10的加工难度的幅度也越大,有利于提高良率。另外,还可以提高成像质量。
在一些可能的实现方式中,参见图2所示,镜头10还可以包括光阑16。其中,光阑16可以设置于镜头10中相邻两个镜片之间,例如图2所示,光阑16可以设置于第三镜片13和第四镜片14之间,当然,光阑16也可以设置于其余位置。
在一些可能的实现方式中,参见图2所示,镜头10还可以包括盖板玻璃17。其中,盖板玻璃17用于设置于镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片与调制单元22之间,盖板玻璃17用于保护调制单元22。
在一些可能的实现方式中,镜头10还可以包括用于校正色彩偏差的滤光片(图中未示出)。其中,滤光片用于设置于镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片与调制单元22之间。
需要说明的是,镜头10中可以设置有盖板玻璃17和滤光片中一个,或者也可以存在两者。
下面结合具体实施例对本申请实施例提供的投影装置120的结构和性能进行说明。
图3为本申请实施例一提供的第一种投影装置的结构示意图。
参见图3所示,投影装置120可以包括镜头10和调制单元22。其中,镜头10包括从像侧到物侧依次排列的第一镜片11、第二镜片12、第三镜片13、光阑16、第四镜片14、第五镜片15和盖板玻璃17。第一镜片11最靠近像侧,第一镜片11的像侧面为凹面,第五镜片15最靠近像侧,盖板玻璃17设置于第五镜片15和调制单元22之间。调制单元22可以为投影芯片,投影芯片可以为DMD或LCOS。
其中,第一镜片11具有正光焦度,第一镜片11的焦距f1与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f1/EFL|=3.27。第二镜片12具有正光焦度,第二镜片12的焦距f2与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f2/EFL|=2.45。第三镜片13具有负光焦度,第三镜片13的焦距f3与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f3/EFL|=2.11。第四镜片14具有正光焦度,第四镜片14的焦距f4与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f4/EFL|=1.16。第五镜片15具有正光焦度,第五镜片15的焦距f5与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f5/EFL|=1.77。
镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片为第一镜片11,第一镜片11的像侧面的曲率半径R1=-115mm,大于-152mm且小于-99mm,满足要求。第一镜片11的像侧面的曲率半径R1与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值R1/EFL=-3.25,大于-4且小于-2,满足要求。
镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片为第五镜片15,第五镜片15的物侧面的曲率半径R2=194mm,大于-380mm且小于380mm,满足要求。第五镜片15的物侧面的曲率半径R2与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值R2/EFL=5.44,大于-10且小于10,满足要求。
镜头10的后焦长度BFL与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值BFL/EFL=0.851,大于0.8且小于0.9,满足要求。
镜头10的焦距EFL=35.75mm,大于33mm且小于38mm,满足要求。
表1示出了本实施例一提供的投影装置120中的各光学元件的光学参数。
其中,S1为第一镜片11的像侧面,S2为第一镜片11的物侧面,S3为第二镜片12的像侧面,S4为第二镜片12的物侧面,S5为第三镜片13的像侧面,S6为第三镜片13的物侧面,S7为光阑16,S8为第四镜片14的像侧面,S9为第四镜片14的物侧面,S10为第五镜片15的像侧面,S11为第五镜片15的物侧面,S12为盖板玻璃17的像侧面,S13为盖板玻璃17的物侧面,OBJ为投影面(物面),ImgH为成像面。
其中,R为光学元件(如镜片或玻璃盖板等)在光轴对应位置处的曲率半径,Th为光学元件在沿光轴方向上的面厚度,Nd为d线照射至各光学元件的折射率,Vd为光学元件的阿贝数。
表2示出了本实施例一提供的镜头10的光学参数。
其中,EFL为镜头10的焦距,FOV为镜头10的最大视场角,Fno为镜头10的光圈,BFL为镜头10的后焦长度,TTL为镜头10的光学总长,R1为镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径,R2为镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径,f1为第一镜片11的焦距,f2为第二镜片12的焦距,f3为第三镜片13的焦距,f4为第四镜片14的焦距,f5为第五镜片15的焦距。
图4为图3中的镜头的球色差图。在图4中,纵坐标表示的是归一化光瞳坐标,横坐标表示轴向方向上的像差,单位为毫米。在图4中,三条曲线分别对应波长为625nm的光、波长为550nm的光和波长为455nm的光经过本实施例的镜头10后的轴向像差曲线。从图4可以看出,在本实施例中,轴向像差控制在一个很小的范围内,得到较好的校正。
图5为图3中的镜头的像散场曲图,图6为图3中的镜头的畸变图。在图5中,S表示波长为525nm的光在子午像面的场曲值,T表示波长为525nm的光在弧矢像面的场曲值。在图6中,实线表示中心波长为525nm的光经过本实施例的镜头10的畸变值。在本实施例中,结合图5和图6可知,本实施例提供的镜头10将场曲和畸变控制在相应范围内,能够满足使用需求。
图7为本申请实施例二提供的第二种投影装置的结构示意图。
参见图7所示,投影装置120可以包括镜头10和调制单元22。其中,镜头10包括从像侧到物侧依次排列的第一镜片11、第二镜片12、第三镜片13、光阑16、第四镜片14、第五镜片15和盖板玻璃17。第一镜片11最靠近像侧,第一镜片11的像侧面为凹面,第五镜片15最靠近像侧,盖板玻璃17设置于第五镜片15和调制单元22之间。调制单元22可以为投影芯片,投影芯片可以为DMD或LCOS。
其中,第一镜片11具有正光焦度,第一镜片11的焦距f1与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f1/EFL|=3.33。第二镜片12具有正光焦度,第二镜片12的焦距f2与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f2/EFL|=2.32。第三镜片13具有负光焦度,第三镜片13的焦距f3与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f3/EFL|=2.227。第四镜片14具有正光焦度,第四镜片14的焦距f4与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f4/EFL|=1.188。第五镜片15具有正光焦度,第五镜片15的焦距f5与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f5/EFL|=1.787。
镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片为第一镜片11,第一镜片11的像侧面的曲率半径R1=-101.6mm,大于-152mm且小于-99mm,满足要求。第一镜片11的像侧面的曲率半径R1与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值R1/EFL=-2.8968,大于-4且小于-2,满足要求。
镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片为第五镜片15,第五镜片15的物侧面的曲率半径R2=210.16mm,大于-380mm且小于380mm,满足要求。第五镜片15的物侧面的曲率半径R2与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值R2/EFL=5.9917,大于-10且小于10,满足要求。
镜头10的后焦长度BFL与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值BFL/EFL=0.8508,大于0.8且小于0.9,满足要求。
镜头10的焦距EFL=35.07mm,大于33mm且小于38mm,满足要求。
表3示出了本实施例二提供的投影装置120中的各光学元件的光学参数。
其中,S1为第一镜片11的像侧面,S2为第一镜片11的物侧面,S3为第二镜片12的像侧面,S4为第二镜片12的物侧面,S5为第三镜片13的像侧面,S6为第三镜片13的物侧面,S7为光阑16,S8为第四镜片14的像侧面,S9为第四镜片14的物侧面,S10为第五镜片15的像侧面,S11为第五镜片15的物侧面,S12为盖板玻璃17的像侧面,S13为盖板玻璃17的物侧面,OBJ为投影面(物面),ImgH为成像面。
其中,R为光学元件(如镜片或玻璃盖板等)在光轴对应位置处的曲率半径,Th为光学元件在沿光轴方向上的面厚度,Nd为d线照射至各光学元件的折射率,Vd为光学元件的阿贝数。
表4示出了本实施例二提供的镜头10的光学参数。
其中,EFL为镜头10的焦距,FOV为镜头10的最大视场角,Fno为镜头10的光圈,BFL为镜头10的后焦长度,TTL为镜头10的光学总长,R1为镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径,R2为镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径,f1为第一镜片11的焦距,f2为第二镜片12的焦距,f3为第三镜片13的焦距,f4为第四镜片14的焦距,f5为第五镜片15的焦距。
图8为图7中的镜头的球色差图。在图8中,纵坐标表示的是归一化光瞳坐标,横坐标表示轴向方向上的像差,单位为毫米。在图8中,三条曲线分别对应波长为625nm的光、波长为550nm的光和波长为455nm的光经过本实施例的镜头10后的轴向像差曲线。从图8可以看出,在本实施例中,轴向像差控制在一个很小的范围内,得到较好的校正。
图9为图8中的镜头的像散场曲图,图10为图8中的镜头的畸变图。在图9中,S表示波长为525nm的光在子午像面的场曲值,T表示波长为525nm的光在弧矢像面的场曲值。在图10中,实线表示中心波长为525nm的光经过本实施例的镜头10的畸变值。在本实施例中,结合图9和图10可知,本实施例提供的镜头10将场曲和畸变控制在相应范围内,能够满足使用需求。
图11为本申请实施例三提供的第三种投影装置的结构示意图。
参见图11所示,投影装置120可以包括镜头10和调制单元22。其中,镜头10包括从像侧到物侧依次排列的第一镜片11、第二镜片12、第三镜片13、光阑16、第四镜片14、第五镜片15和盖板玻璃17。第一镜片11最靠近像侧,第一镜片11的像侧面为凹面,第五镜片15最靠近像侧,盖板玻璃17设置于第五镜片15和调制单元22之间。调制单元22可以为投影芯片,投影芯片可以为DMD或LCOS。
其中,第一镜片11具有正光焦度,第一镜片11的焦距f1与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f1/EFL|=3.138。第二镜片12具有正光焦度,第二镜片12的焦距f2与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f2/EFL|=2.585。第三镜片13具有负光焦度,第三镜片13的焦距f3与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f3/EFL|=2.224。第四镜片14具有正光焦度,第四镜片14的焦距f4与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f4/EFL|=1.188。第五镜片15具有正光焦度,第五镜片15的焦距f5与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值:|f5/EFL|=1.728。
镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片为第一镜片11,第一镜片11的像侧面的曲率半径R1=-132.25mm,大于-152mm且小于-99mm,满足要求。第一镜片11的像侧面的曲率半径R1与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值R1/EFL=-3.77,大于-4且小于-2,满足要求。
镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片为第五镜片15,第五镜片15的物侧面的曲率半径R2=199.505mm,大于-380mm且小于380mm,满足要求。第五镜片15的物侧面的曲率半径R2与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值R2/EFL=-5.688,大于-10且小于10,满足要求。
镜头10的后焦长度BFL与镜头10的焦距EFL的比值BFL/EFL=0.8502,大于0.8且小于0.9,满足要求。
镜头10的焦距EFL=35.075mm,大于33mm且小于38mm,满足要求。
表5示出了本实施例三提供的投影装置120中的各光学元件的光学参数。

其中,S1为第一镜片11的像侧面,S2为第一镜片11的物侧面,S3为第二镜片12的像侧面,S4为第二镜片12的物侧面,S5为第三镜片13的像侧面,S6为第三镜片13的物侧面,S7为光阑16,S8为第四镜片14的像侧面,S9为第四镜片14的物侧面,S10为第五镜片15的像侧面,S11为第五镜片15的物侧面,S12为盖板玻璃17的像侧面,S13为盖板玻璃17的物侧面,OBJ为投影面(物面),ImgH为成像面。
其中,R为光学元件(如镜片或玻璃盖板等)在光轴对应位置处的曲率半径,Th为光学元件在沿光轴方向上的面厚度,Nd为d线照射至各光学元件的折射率,Vd为光学元件的阿贝数。
表6示出了本实施例三提供的镜头10的光学参数。
其中,EFL为镜头10的焦距,FOV为镜头10的最大视场角,Fno为镜头10的光圈,BFL为镜头10的后焦长度,TTL为镜头10的光学总长,R1为镜头10中最靠近像侧的镜片的像侧面的曲率半径,R2为镜头10中最靠近物侧的镜片的物侧面的曲率半径,f1为第一镜片11的焦距,f2为第二镜片12的焦距,f3为第三镜片13的焦距,f4为第四镜片14的焦距,f5为第五镜片15的焦距。
图12为图11中的镜头的球色差图。在图12中,纵坐标表示的是归一化光瞳坐标,横坐标表示轴向方向上的像差,单位为毫米。在图12中,三条曲线分别对应波长为625nm的光、波长为550nm的光和波长为455nm的光经过本实施例的镜头10后的轴向像差曲线。从图12可以看出,在本实施例中,轴向像差控制在一个很小的范围内,得到较好的校正。
图13为图11中的镜头的像散场曲图,图14为图11中的镜头10的畸变图。在图13中,S表示波长为525nm的光在子午像面的场曲值,T表示波长为525nm的光在弧矢像面的场曲值。在图14中,实线表示中心波长为525nm的光经过本实施例的镜头10的畸变值。在本实施例中,结合图13和图14可知,本实施例提供的镜头10将场曲和畸变控制在相应范围内,能够满足使用需求。
在本申请实施例的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例或者暗示所指的装置或者元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。在本申请实施例的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非是另有精确具体地规定。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本申请实施例的实施例例如能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本文中的术语“多个”是指两个或两个以上。本文中术语“和/或”,仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系;在公式中,字符“/”,表示前后关联对象是一种“相除”的关系。
可以理解的是,在本申请的实施例中涉及的各种数字编号仅为描述方便进行的区分,并不用来限制本申请的实施例的范围。
可以理解的是,在本申请的实施例中,上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请的实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种镜头,其特征在于,包括从像侧到物侧排列的至少五个镜片;
    所述镜头中最靠近所述像侧的镜片的像侧面为凹面,所述镜头中具有正光焦度的所述镜片的数量为至少三个,所述镜头中具有负光焦度的所述镜片的数量为至少一个,其中:
    当具有负光焦度的所述镜片的数量为一个时,具有负光焦度的所述镜片设置于所述镜头中最靠近所述像侧的所述镜片和所述镜头中最靠近所述物侧的所述镜片之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头满足关系式:0.8<BFL/EFL<0.9,其中,所述BFL为所述镜头的后焦长度,所述EFL为所述镜头的焦距。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头满足关系式:33mm<EFL<38mm,其中,所述EFL为所述镜头的焦距。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头满足关系式:-4<R1/EFL<-2,其中,所述R1为所述镜头中最靠近所述像侧的所述镜片的像侧面的曲率半径,所述EFL为所述镜头的焦距。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头满足关系式:-152mm<R1<-99mm,其中,所述R1为所述镜头中最靠近所述像侧的所述镜片的像侧面的曲率半径。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头满足关系式:-10<R2/EFL<10,其中,所述R2为所述镜头中最靠近所述物侧的所述镜片的物侧面的曲率半径,所述EFL为所述镜头的焦距。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头满足关系式:-380mm<R2<380mm,其中,所述R2为所述镜头中最靠近所述物侧的所述镜片的物侧面的曲率半径。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头中最靠近所述像侧的所述镜片具有正光焦度。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的镜头,其特征在于,所述镜头中最靠近所述物侧的所述镜片具有正光焦度。
  10. 一种投影装置,其特征在于,包括显示单元和如权利要求1至9任一项所述的镜头,所述显示单元用于向所述镜头出射成像光。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的投影装置,其特征在于,所述显示单元包括光源单元和调制单元;
    所述调制单元,用于对光源单元出射的光束进行调制以生成所述成像光,并向所述镜头出射所述成像光。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的投影装置,其特征在于,所述显示单元还包括反射单元,所述反射单元用于将所述光源单元出射的光束反射至所述调制单元。
  13. 一种车灯装置,其特征在于,包括外壳和如权利要求10至12任一项所述的投影装置,所述投影装置的至少部分设置于所述外壳的内部。
  14. 一种交通工具,其特征在于,包括如权利要求13所述的车灯装置。
PCT/CN2024/137240 2023-12-14 2024-12-05 镜头、投影装置、车灯装置和交通工具 Pending WO2025124285A1 (zh)

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