WO2025124231A1 - 一种天线 - Google Patents

一种天线 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2025124231A1
WO2025124231A1 PCT/CN2024/136503 CN2024136503W WO2025124231A1 WO 2025124231 A1 WO2025124231 A1 WO 2025124231A1 CN 2024136503 W CN2024136503 W CN 2024136503W WO 2025124231 A1 WO2025124231 A1 WO 2025124231A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
antenna
vibrator
pcb
axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/136503
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐烨
吴瑞军
王凯亮
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Mobile Communications Group Co Ltd
China Mobile Group Design Institute Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Mobile Communications Group Co Ltd
China Mobile Group Design Institute Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Mobile Communications Group Co Ltd, China Mobile Group Design Institute Co Ltd filed Critical China Mobile Communications Group Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025124231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025124231A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q21/293—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to an antenna.
  • the antenna converts the guided waves propagating on the transmission line into electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted in free space and then emitted, or performs the opposite conversion to receive wireless signals.
  • Antennas are an important component of mobile phone wireless network coverage and are widely used in 4G and 5G wireless networks.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an antenna to address the deficiencies in the prior art.
  • the antenna can have high gain, achieve high gain, miniaturization and light weight of the antenna, use a reflector with a metamaterial structure to reduce the size and volume of the antenna, and improve the antenna gain.
  • a low-profile PCB vibrator group is used to reduce the weight of the antenna.
  • the present disclosure provides an antenna, including a PCB vibrator unit and a reflector;
  • the PCB vibrator unit is arranged on one side of the reflector, and a metamaterial layer is arranged on one side of the reflector close to the PCB vibrator unit;
  • the PCB vibrator unit includes a PCB board and a plurality of vibrator bodies arranged on the PCB board;
  • the vibrator body is a low-profile vibrator.
  • the plurality of vibrator bodies are distributed in a circular array, and the two vibrator bodies in a pair are distributed in a centrally symmetrical manner;
  • the PCB board is provided with a narrow slot, and any two adjacent vibrator bodies are isolated by the narrow slot.
  • the number of the narrow slots is two, and the two narrow slots intersect vertically to divide the PCB board into a plurality of vibrator distribution areas; and a vibrator body is provided in each of the distribution areas.
  • a first hole and a second hole are provided in the slot; the first hole and the second hole are distributed along the length direction of the slot.
  • the metamaterial layer is made of a composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line structure metamaterial.
  • a plate groove is formed on one side of the reflection plate close to the PCB vibrator unit;
  • the PCB vibrator unit is arranged in the board slot
  • the metamaterial layer is arranged on the inner wall of the plate groove.
  • it includes a first housing, a second housing, and a mounting assembly
  • the first shell is connected to the second shell to form an accommodating space; the PCB vibrator unit is installed in the accommodating space; the radiation direction of the PCB vibrator unit is toward the first shell;
  • the mounting assembly is connected to a side of the second shell away from the first shell; the mounting assembly is used to arrange the second shell along the first direction or the second direction.
  • the mounting assembly includes a mounting mechanism and an adjustment unit, and the mounting mechanism is connected to the second housing through the adjustment unit;
  • the adjustment unit further comprises a second adjustment frame and a mounting plate
  • the first adjustment frame is connected to the second adjustment frame, and the second adjustment frame is connected to the mounting plate; the second adjustment frame can adjust the mounting angle around the second axis.
  • the second adjustment frame is provided with a first connecting portion, and the first connecting portion is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole;
  • the center line of the first through hole is parallel to the first axis
  • the second through hole is an arc-shaped hole, and a center line corresponding to the second through hole coincides with a center line of the first through hole;
  • the first adjustment frame is provided with a third through hole and a fourth through hole;
  • the first connection portion is connected to the second adjustment frame by a first bolt passing through the first through hole and the third through hole and a second bolt passing through the second through hole and the fourth through hole.
  • a second connecting portion is provided on the mounting plate
  • the second connecting portion is provided with a fifth through hole and a sixth through hole;
  • the center line of the fifth through hole is parallel to the second axis
  • the sixth through hole is an arc-shaped hole, and the center line corresponding to the sixth through hole coincides with the center line of the fifth through hole;
  • the second adjustment frame is provided with a seventh through hole and an eighth through hole;
  • the second connection portion is connected to the second adjustment frame by a third bolt passing through the fifth through hole and the seventh through hole and a fourth bolt passing through the sixth through hole and the eighth through hole.
  • the adjustment unit further comprises a connecting plate
  • the connecting plate is connected to the second housing; the connecting plate can adjust the installation angle of the antenna around the third axis;
  • the first adjustment frame is further provided with a ninth through hole and a tenth through hole;
  • the ninth through hole and the tenth through hole are both arc-shaped holes, and the center line corresponding to the ninth through hole coincides with the center line corresponding to the tenth through hole;
  • the connecting plate is connected to the second shell by a fifth bolt passing through the ninth through hole and a sixth bolt passing through the tenth through hole.
  • the present invention sets a metamaterial layer on the reflector, uses metamaterial to cover the surface of the slot plate, and uses zero-refractive-index metamaterial to prevent electromagnetic waves from being refracted and reflected, control the direction of electromagnetic wave transmission, converge signals, and improve the directivity and gain of the array antenna; uses composite left-handed and right-handed transmission line structure metamaterials to suppress antenna edge radiation, reduce interference between antenna elements, suppress the generation of harmonics, and achieve miniaturization of antenna design; thereby meeting the demand for miniaturization and high gain of antennas in close-range and wide-range coverage scenarios.
  • the antenna gain can be further improved, and it is conducive to the miniaturization of antennas.
  • the present invention adopts a low-profile PCB vibrator unit, each PCB vibrator unit is provided with a plurality of vibrator bodies arranged in a circumferential array, the plurality of vibrator bodies are arranged in pairs, and each pair of vibrator bodies is centrally symmetrically distributed. Therefore, the plurality of pairs of vibrator bodies can radiate outward from the center of the circumferential array, which is beneficial to improving the directivity and gain of the antenna.
  • the gain of the antenna proposed in the present disclosure is not less than 13dBi, which is higher than the gain of conventional miniaturized antennas of the same volume (generally less than or equal to 12dBi), and has a better coverage depth.
  • the antenna proposed in the present disclosure adds a metamaterial structure to the surface of the slot plates on both sides of the oscillator, and obtains a higher gain on the basis of miniaturization of the antenna.
  • the size of the antenna proposed in the present disclosure is 400mm ⁇ 150mm ⁇ 50mm (length ⁇ width ⁇ thickness), weighs about 500 grams, and is designed with lightweight materials. It is ultra-light and ultra-thin as a whole, and is relatively concealed and beautiful when used.
  • the antenna can be installed horizontally or vertically to meet the needs of different coverage scenarios and building types.
  • the antenna clamp proposed in the present disclosure can be adjusted in one-dimensional direction or two-dimensional direction, and the installation clamp can be selected according to the coverage type requirements.
  • the clamp design allows the antenna to be installed against the wall without the need for a pole, and the installation is simple, and can be installed vertically or horizontally. At the same time, the clamp allows the antenna to be adjusted in both horizontal and vertical directions. Only two expansion screws are required for installation, and the construction is quick and convenient.
  • the clamp force structure is reasonably designed, so the antenna installation is safe, which can effectively reduce the risk of antenna loosening and falling caused by wind pressure.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna proposed in the present disclosure being installed horizontally on top of a building
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna proposed in the present disclosure being installed laterally on an outer side wall of a building;
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna proposed in the present disclosure vertically installed on the outer side wall of a building;
  • FIG8 is a simulation diagram of a low-frequency point on a vertical plane in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG9 is a simulation diagram of the mid-frequency point in the vertical plane in Example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG10 is a simulation diagram of high-frequency points on a vertical surface in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG11 is a simulation diagram of a low-frequency point on a horizontal plane in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG12 is a simulation diagram of the mid-frequency point in the horizontal plane in Example 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG13 is a simulation diagram of high-frequency points on a horizontal plane in Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the antenna installation structure proposed in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna and the outer wall of the building provided in Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure.
  • FIG16 is a disassembled diagram of the antenna proposed in the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the antenna proposed in Embodiment 3 of the present disclosure.
  • the coverage antennas used in high-density residential communities are mostly directional plate antennas or large-angle antennas.
  • the design of residential community antennas follows the concept of outdoor macro station antennas, and often simply miniaturizes the directional plate antennas of macro stations; another type of large-angle antenna that is widely used in residential community coverage also has obvious defects in balancing antenna gain and antenna beam width, as well as antenna installation methods.
  • Conventional cell coverage antennas generally have problems with low gain and insufficient coverage depth.
  • This embodiment proposes an antenna, which includes a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) vibrator unit 3 and a reflector 6; in a specific implementation, the number of PCB vibrator units 3 in each antenna can be one or more than two. In a preferred implementation, the number of PCB vibrator units 3 can be 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • the PCB vibrator unit 3 is located on one side of the reflector 6; specifically, the reflector 6 can be an aluminum plate.
  • a metamaterial layer is provided on one side of the reflector close to the PCB vibrator unit 3. By providing a metamaterial layer, the negative electromagnetic refractive index characteristics of the metamaterial surface are utilized to converge electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the directivity and gain of the array antenna.
  • the periodic structure of the metamaterial is used to realize the in-phase reflection of the incident wave on the surface of the single-layer reflector 6, simulating the ideal magnetic conductor boundary to improve the corresponding coverage capability.
  • the PCB vibrator unit 3 includes a PCB board 31 and at least two pairs of vibrator bodies 32 arranged on the PCB board 31. That is, multiple vibrator bodies 32 can be arranged on each PCB vibrator unit 3. In a specific implementation, the vibrator bodies 32 can appear in pairs, that is, the number of vibrator bodies 32 is an even number. The multiple vibrator bodies 32 are distributed in a circular array, and the two paired vibrator bodies 32 are distributed symmetrically from the center. Multiple pairs of vibrator bodies 32 can radiate outward from the center of the circular array, which is conducive to improving the directivity and gain of the antenna.
  • a slot 33 is provided on the PCB board 31, and any two adjacent vibrator bodies 32 are isolated by the slot 33. By providing the slot 33, it is beneficial to isolate adjacent vibrator bodies 32 to avoid interference between adjacent vibrator bodies 32. Furthermore, a first hole 331 and a second hole 332 are provided in the slot 33; the first hole 331 and the second hole 332 are distributed along the length direction of the slot 33. In a specific implementation, the first hole 331 is a circular hole, and the second hole 332 is a square hole. The second hole 332 and the first hole 331 are distributed along the direction close to the center of the circular array. In addition to isolating adjacent vibrator bodies 32, the first hole 331 and the second hole 332 can also facilitate installation.
  • the specific structure of the PCB vibrator unit 3 is shown in Figures 1 to 4.
  • Mutually perpendicular slots 33 are provided, and a circular hole and a square hole are opened in each slot 33.
  • the circular hole is closer to the center of the radiation board than the square hole.
  • both ends of the narrow slot 33 are flared structures.
  • the number of the narrow slots 33 can be multiple, and the specific number is determined according to the number of the vibrator bodies 32, as long as any two adjacent vibrator bodies 32 are separated by a narrow slot 33. Therefore, according to actual needs, each PCB vibrator unit 3 can include 4, 6 or 8 vibrator bodies 32. However, considering the shape and size of the vibrator body 32, in a preferred implementation, the number of the vibrator bodies 32 is 4. Accordingly, the number of the narrow slots 33 is two, and the two narrow slots 33 intersect vertically, dividing the PCB board 31 into multiple vibrator distribution areas; each of the distribution areas is provided with a vibrator body 32.
  • the vibrator body 32 is a low-profile vibrator.
  • the number of the PCB vibrator units 3 is multiple. It should be clear that in one antenna, the number of the PCB vibrator units 3 can be multiple, and the radiation directions of the multiple PCB vibrator units 3 can be parallel or non-parallel. When the radiation directions of the multiple PCB vibrator units 3 are non-parallel, the radiation range can be increased to a certain extent.
  • the metamaterial layer uses a composite left-handed transmission line structure metamaterial.
  • the metamaterial is used to cover the slot plate surface, and the negative electromagnetic refractive index characteristics of the metamaterial surface are used to converge electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the directivity and gain of the array antenna.
  • the composite left-handed transmission line structure metamaterial is used to suppress antenna edge radiation, reduce interference between antenna elements, suppress the generation of harmonics, and realize miniaturization of antenna design; thereby meeting the demand for miniaturization and high gain of antennas for high-density residential area coverage.
  • a plate groove is formed on one side of the reflector 6 close to the PCB vibrator unit 3; the PCB vibrator unit 3 is arranged in the plate groove.
  • the plate groove can be formed by folding outward at the edge of the reflector, or it can be a groove arranged on one side of the reflector.
  • the plate groove 61 is arranged on the reflector 6, which is conducive to enhancing the reflection of electromagnetic waves. More specifically, the metamaterial layer is arranged on the inner wall of the plate groove 61. That is, the metamaterial layer covers the side wall of the bottom surface of the plate groove 61.
  • the present disclosure proposes an antenna that can be used in residential areas, as well as in office buildings, industrial parks and other places where buildings are concentrated, including a first shell 1, a second shell 2, a PCB vibrator unit 3 and a mounting assembly 4.
  • the PCB vibrator unit 3 is installed between the first shell 1 and the second shell 2, and the mounting assembly 4 is used to fix it to the building.
  • the antenna proposed in this embodiment is mostly designed and manufactured using printed circuit boards, which effectively reduces the difficulty of manufacturing; the smaller volume and weight effectively reduces the material cost.
  • the overall structure formed by the first shell 1, the second shell 2 and the PCB vibrator unit 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and its external dimensions are 400mm ⁇ 150mm ⁇ 50mm (length ⁇ width ⁇ thickness).
  • the first shell 1 is connected to the second shell 2 to form an accommodating space; the connection between the first shell 1 and the second shell 2 can be by bolt connection, clamping, welding or bonding.
  • the PCB vibrator unit 3 is fixedly installed in the accommodating space; specifically, the PCB vibrator unit 3 is connected to the first shell 1 or the second shell 2, specifically by bolt connection or clamping.
  • the PCB vibrator unit 3 can also be installed in the accommodating space through other components.
  • the reflector is connected to the second shell 2 by bolts, clamping or bonding, and then the PCB vibrator unit is installed on the reflector.
  • the emission direction of the PCB vibrator unit 3 is toward the first shell 1.
  • the PCB vibrator unit 3 is a low-profile PCB vibrator unit 3, and the inner surface of the plate groove of the reflector is coated with metamaterial.
  • the metamaterial used in this embodiment is a composite left-handed transmission line structure metamaterial.
  • This embodiment adopts a low-profile PCB vibrator unit, uses metamaterials to cover the inner surface of the board slot, uses metamaterials to cover the surface of the slot plate, and uses the negative electromagnetic refractive index characteristics of the metamaterial surface to converge electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the directivity and gain of the array antenna; uses a composite left-handed transmission line structure metamaterial to suppress antenna edge radiation, reduce interference between antenna array elements, suppress the generation of harmonics, and achieve miniaturization of antenna design; thereby meeting the needs of high-density residential area coverage for miniaturized antennas and high gain.
  • the installation component 4 is connected to the side of the second shell 2 away from the first shell 1; the installation component 4 is used to set the second shell 2 along the first direction or the second direction.
  • the length direction of the antenna can be installed in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction. That is, the first direction and the second direction are the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively.
  • simulation verification is carried out, and within the 1710-2690MHz frequency band, three frequency points of high, medium and low are selected, and the vertical plane 3dB bandwidth (59°-69°) and the horizontal plane 3dB bandwidth (14.7°-23°) are obtained.
  • the simulation diagrams of the high, medium and low frequency points in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane are respectively shown in Figures 6 to 11.
  • the installation component 4 proposed in this embodiment can be directly fixed to the outer wall at the top of the building, or it can be fixed to the top surface of the building wall.
  • the second shell 2 should face the outer wall.
  • it is not necessarily installed on the top of the building, but can also be installed on the middle floor, specifically, it can be connected to the outer wall of the middle floor or the upper surface of a protruding part.
  • the power tolerance of this antenna is designed to be 200 watts, which can be combined to access more different network element systems, reduce the number of different network element antennas, and save network construction costs.
  • the mounting assembly 4 includes a mounting mechanism 41 and an adjustment unit, wherein the mounting mechanism 41 is connected to the second shell 2 through the adjustment unit, and the adjustment unit is used to adjust the installation angle of the antenna around the first axis, the second axis and/or the third axis.
  • the adjustment unit may be capable of adjusting only the installation angle of the antenna around the first axis, or only the installation angle of the antenna around the second axis, or only the installation angle of the antenna around the third axis.
  • the adjustment unit may be capable of adjusting both the installation angle around the first axis and the installation angle around the second axis, or both the installation angle around the first axis and the installation angle around the third axis, or both the installation angle around the second axis and the installation angle around the third axis, or all the installation angles around the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis may be adjustable.
  • the corresponding installation assembly 4 may be used according to different requirements. Among them, any two of the first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are not parallel.
  • the adjustment unit includes a first adjustment frame 42; the mounting mechanism 41 is connected to the second housing 2 via the first adjustment frame 42; the first adjustment frame 42 can adjust the installation angle around the first axis.
  • the second adjustment frame 411 and the mounting mechanism 41 can also be locked, that is, after the first adjustment frame 42 is swung to a suitable position, it is locked and kept in a fixed position. In this way, the installation angle of the antenna around the first axis can be adjusted, and the adjustment angle is -10 to 10 degrees.
  • the first axis can be a horizontal axis or a vertical axis, and of course the first axis can also be set at an angle. That is, the antenna can be set to be adjustable around a horizontal axis or around a vertical axis. In this way, the antenna can have a variety of installation postures to adapt to different environmental needs.
  • the present embodiment can achieve two-dimensional adjustment, and the mounting mechanism 41 includes a second adjustment frame 411 and a mounting plate 412 .
  • the first adjustment frame 42 is connected to the second adjustment frame 411, and the second adjustment frame 411 is connected to the mounting plate 412; the second adjustment frame 411 can adjust the installation angle around the second axis.
  • the second adjustment frame 411 and the first adjustment frame 42 can be locked, and when the angle adjustment is completed, the first adjustment frame 42 and the second adjustment frame 411 can be locked at a certain position.
  • the second axis is a horizontal axis or a vertical axis.
  • the second axis is a vertical axis; when the first axis is a vertical axis, the second axis is a horizontal axis. That is, as long as the first axis and the second axis are not parallel, but as a preferred implementation, the first axis and the second axis are perpendicular to each other.
  • the second adjustment frame 411 is provided with a first connection portion 413
  • the first connection portion 413 is provided with a first through hole 4131 and a second through hole 4132.
  • the number of the first connection portions 413 is two, and the two first connection portions 413 are arranged in parallel.
  • the center line of the first through hole 4131 is parallel to the first axis.
  • the second through hole 4132 is an arc-shaped hole, and the center line corresponding to the second through hole 4132 coincides with the center line of the first through hole 4131.
  • the center line corresponding to the second through hole 4132 refers to the center line of the circular ring corresponding to the arc-shaped hole, that is, the center line of the cylindrical surface corresponding to the inner and outer walls of the arc-shaped hole.
  • the first adjustment frame 42 is provided with a third through hole 421 and a fourth through hole 422.
  • the third through hole 421 and the fourth through hole 422 correspond to the first through hole 4131 and the second through hole 4132 respectively.
  • the first connection portion 413 is connected to the second adjustment frame 411 by a first bolt 43 that passes through the first through hole 4131 and the third through hole 421, and a second bolt 44 that passes through the second through hole 4132 and the fourth through hole 422.
  • first bolt 43 and the second bolt 44 are loosened, and the first adjustment frame 42 is rotated with the first bolt 43 as the center line. After the second bolt 44 slides to a suitable position in the second through hole 4132, the first bolt 43 and the second bolt 44 are tightened.
  • the first adjustment frame 42 can be adjusted around the first axis in a range of -10 degrees to 10 degrees.
  • a second connecting portion 414 is provided on the installation plate 412; in a specific implementation, the second connecting portion 414 can be configured as two parallelly arranged connecting ears.
  • the second connecting portion 414 is provided with a fifth through hole 4141 and a sixth through hole 4142 ; the center line of the fifth through hole 4141 is parallel to the second axis; the sixth through hole 4142 is an arc-shaped hole, and the center line corresponding to the sixth through hole 4142 coincides with the center line of the fifth through hole 4141 .
  • the second adjustment frame 411 is provided with a seventh through hole 4111 and an eighth through hole 4112; the second connection portion 414 is connected to the second adjustment frame 411 through a third bolt 45 penetrating the fifth through hole 4141 and the seventh through hole 4111 and a fourth bolt 46 penetrating the sixth through hole 4142 and the eighth through hole 4112.
  • the third bolt 45 and the fourth bolt 46 are loosened to rotate the second adjustment frame 411 around the center line of the fifth through hole 4141.
  • the third bolt 45 and the fourth bolt 46 are tightened to fix the second adjustment frame 411 to the mounting plate 412.
  • the second adjustment frame 411 can be adjusted around the first axis in a range of -10 degrees to 10 degrees.
  • the angle difference between horizontal installation and vertical installation is as high as 90 degrees, which is not applicable to some installation scenarios.
  • this embodiment also makes the following improvements:
  • the mounting assembly 4 also includes a connecting plate 47; the connecting plate 47 is connected to the second shell 2; the connecting plate 47 can adjust the installation angle around the third axis; in a specific implementation, a third connecting portion can be provided on the connecting plate 47, and the third connecting portion is recessed toward a side away from the second shell 2 to form a U-shaped structure, so as to facilitate the arrangement of bolts connected to the first adjustment frame 42.
  • a ninth through hole 423 and a tenth through hole 424 are also provided on the first adjustment frame 42.
  • the ninth through hole 423 and the tenth through hole 424 are both arc holes, and the center line corresponding to the ninth through hole and the center line corresponding to the tenth through hole 424 coincide with each other.
  • the ninth through hole 423 and the tenth through hole 424 are arranged opposite to each other, and the two correspond to the same circular ring.
  • the third axis is the center line of the circular ring.
  • the ninth through hole 423 and the tenth through hole 424 have the same shape and size, are centrally symmetrically arranged, and have opposite bending directions.
  • the connecting plate 47 is connected to the second housing 2 by a fifth bolt 48 passing through the ninth through hole 423 and a sixth bolt 49 passing through the tenth through hole 424.
  • the first axis, the second axis and the third axis are perpendicular to each other, that is, the antenna can rotate around the first axis, the second axis and the third axis to adjust the antenna posture.
  • it further includes expansion screws 5 , and the installation assembly 4 is connected to the top of the building through at least two of the expansion screws 5 .
  • Embodiment 3 is a specific implementation of Embodiment 3, and the similarities are not repeated here, and only the differences are described below.
  • the mounting mechanism 41 can be configured to have the same structure as the mounting plate 412 in Embodiment 2.
  • the first adjustment frame 42 is directly connected to the second housing 2 by bolts.
  • a rotationally adjustable structure is provided between the first adjustment frame 42 and the mounting mechanism 41.
  • a circular hole and an arc-shaped hole are provided on the first adjustment frame 42, and corresponding holes are provided on the mounting assembly 4, and the holes are connected by bolts.
  • the principle of rotation adjustment is the same as the principle of rotation around the first axis in Embodiment 2.
  • This antenna is mainly suitable for residential areas or scenes that require dense coverage. In such scenes, the distance between buildings is relatively small. The use of traditional antennas with wide-area coverage is not targeted, and the wireless signal coverage is prone to blind spots. At the same time, residential areas have high requirements for the size and concealment of external antennas. The traditional pole-mounted antennas are very obvious and abrupt, and the construction is relatively complex, making it difficult to build a site.
  • This antenna in contiguous buildings and high-density residential areas, taking advantage of its higher gain and wider beam width, can greatly reduce the number of antennas, increase coverage, and improve coverage effects, effectively solving the problem of weak coverage in high-density residential areas.
  • This antenna has a wide range of commercial application value.
  • the low-profile vibrator referred to in this disclosure the height from the vibrator radiation surface to the slot plate is called the antenna profile height, and the conventional vibrator profile height is 1/4 ⁇ .
  • a low-profile vibrator means that the thickness of the antenna vibrator unit is small, and its profile is lower than the conventional vibrator profile height.
  • the height of the low-profile vibrator used this time is only 0.15 ⁇ , which can significantly reduce the thickness of the antenna and achieve ultra-thin and miniaturized antennas.
  • the metamaterial referred to in the present disclosure is a material whose dielectric constant and magnetic permeability are both negative or close to zero, and whose electromagnetic properties are different from those of conventional materials.
  • natural materials have extraordinary physical properties that natural materials do not have after being designed and processed by artificial means.
  • Such artificial composite materials or structures are called metamaterials.
  • Conventional dielectric materials have positive values greater than 1 in dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
  • Metamaterial technology can achieve ultra-low dielectric constant or ultra-high magnetic permeability, and produce special antenna electrical properties, thereby achieving the requirements of miniaturization, high gain, high signal selectivity, etc. of the antenna.
  • the building referred to in this embodiment can be a residential building in a community or an office building in an office area, and is applicable to:

Landscapes

  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种天线，其中，该天线包括PCB振子单元和反射板；所述PCB振子单元设置于所述反射板的一侧，所述反射板靠近所述PCB振子单元的一侧设置有超材料层；所述PCB振子单元包括PCB板和设置于所述PCB板上的多个振子本体；所述振子本体为低剖面振子。本申请有利于实现天线的高增益和小型化；且便于安装，能够适应小区内各种不同的安装场景。

Description

一种天线
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于申请号为202311705110.3、申请日为2023年12月12日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本公开作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及天线技术领域，具体涉及一种天线。
背景技术
天线作为一种变换器，它是把传输线上传播的导行波，转变成能在自由空间中传输的电磁波发射出去，或者进行相反的变换，把无线信号接收进来。天线是手机无线网络覆盖的重要组成设备，在4G、5G无线网络中大量使用。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种天线，以解决现有技术中的不足，它能够具有高增益，实现天线的高增益、小型化和轻量化，使用超材料结构的反射板，减小天线尺寸和体积、提高天线增益，使用低剖面PCB振子组，减轻天线重量。
本公开提出了一种天线，包括PCB振子单元和反射板；
所述PCB振子单元设置于所述反射板的一侧，所述反射板靠近所述PCB振子单元的一侧设置有超材料层；
所述PCB振子单元包括PCB板和设置于所述PCB板上的多个振子本体；
所述振子本体为低剖面振子。
在一实施例中，多个所述振子本体呈圆周阵列分布，成对的两个所述振子本体呈中心对称分布；
所述PCB板上设有狭槽，任意两相邻的所述振子本体均通过所述狭槽隔离。
在一实施例中，所述狭槽的数量为两个，两所述狭槽垂直相交，将所述PCB板分隔成多个振子分布区域；每个所述分布区域内设有一个所述振子本体。
在一实施例中，所述狭槽内设有第一孔和第二孔；所述第一孔和所述第二孔沿所述狭槽的长度方向分布。
在一实施例中，所述超材料层由复合左右手传输线结构超材料制成。
在一实施例中，所述反射板靠近所述PCB振子单元的一侧形成有板槽；
所述PCB振子单元设置于所述板槽内；
所述超材料层设置于所述板槽的内壁。
在一实施例中，包括第一壳体、第二壳体和安装组件；
所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体连接，形成容置空间；所述PCB振子单元安装在所述容置空间内；所述PCB振子单元的辐射方向朝向所述第一壳体；
所述安装组件连接于所述第二壳体远离所述第一壳体的一侧；所述安装组件用于将所述第二壳体沿第一方向或第二方向设置。
在一实施例中，所述安装组件包括安装机构和调节单元，所述安装机构通过所述调节单元与所述第二壳体连接；
所述调节单元用于调节所述天线绕第一轴线、第二轴线或第三轴线至少之一的安装角度。
在一实施例中，所述调节单元包括第一调节架；所述第一调节架能够调节绕所述第一轴线的安装角度。
在一实施例中，所述调节单元还包括第二调节架和安装板；
所述第一调节架与所述第二调节架连接，所述第二调节架与所述安装板连接；所述第二调节架能够调节绕所述第二轴线的安装角度。
在一实施例中，所述第二调节架上设有第一连接部，所述第一连接部上设有第一通孔和第二通孔；
所述第一通孔的中心线与所述第一轴线平行；
所述第二通孔为弧形孔，且所述第二通孔对应的中心线与所述第一通孔的中心线重合；
所述第一调节架上设有第三通孔和第四通孔；
所述第一连接部与所述第二调节架通过贯穿所述第一通孔和所述第三通孔的第一螺栓以及贯穿所述第二通孔和所述第四通孔的第二螺栓连接。
在一实施例中，所述安装板上设有第二连接部；
所述第二连接部上设有第五通孔和第六通孔；
所述第五通孔的中心线与所述第二轴线平行；
所述第六通孔为弧形孔，且所述第六通孔对应的中心线与所述第五通孔的中心线重合；
所述第二调节架上设有第七通孔和第八通孔；
所述第二连接部与所述第二调节架通过贯穿所述第五通孔和所述第七通孔的第三螺栓以及贯穿所述第六通孔和所述第八通孔的第四螺栓连接。
在一实施例中，所述调节单元还包括连接板；
所述连接板与所述第二壳体连接；所述连接板能够调节所述天线绕所述第三轴线的安装角度；
在一实施例中，所述第一调节架上还设有第九通孔和第十通孔；
所述第九通孔和所述第十通孔均为弧形孔，所述九通孔对应的中心线和所述第十通孔对应的中心线重合；
所述连接板与所述第二壳体通过穿过所述第九通孔的第五螺栓、穿过所述第十通孔的第六螺栓连接。
与现有技术相比，本公开在反射板上设置超材料层，使用超材料覆盖槽板表面，利用零折射率超材料，使电磁波不发生折射和反射，控制电磁波传输方向，汇聚信号，提高阵列天线的方向性和增益；利用复合左右手传输线结构超材料抑制天线边沿辐射，减少天线阵元间的干扰，抑制谐波的产生，实现天线设计小型化；从而满足近距离宽范围覆盖场景，对天线小型化、高增益的诉求。同时，由于低剖面振子的使用，配合超材料，能够进一步提高天线增益，并有利于天线小型化。
本公开采用低剖面PCB振子单元，每个PCB振子单元上设有多个呈圆周振列分布的振子本体，多个振子本体成对设置，每对振子本体均呈中心对称分布。因此，多对振子本体之间能够以圆周振列的中心向外辐射，有利于提高天线的方向性和增益。
本公开提出的天线的增益不小于13dBi，比常规同样体积的小型化天线增益(一般小于等于12dBi)高，覆盖深度更好。本公开提出的天线在振子两侧槽板表面增加超材料结构，在天线小型化基础上，同时获得了较高的增益。
本公开提出的天线的尺寸为400mm×150mm×50mm(长×宽×厚)，重量500克左右，采用轻量化材料设计，整体超轻超薄，使用时较为隐蔽、美观。本天线可横向安装，也可以竖向安装，满足不同覆盖场景楼型需求。
本公开提出的天线采用PCB振子单元，进一步减小了天线厚度和体积；采用一体化功分网络与辐射板馈电片，可全自动化生产，使装配更简单，且保证了天线电性能一致性。
本公开提出的天线夹具可以一维方向调节，或二维方向调节，可根据覆盖类型需求选择安装夹具。夹具设计使天线贴墙安装，且不需要抱杆，安装简单，可竖装可横装，同时夹具使天线水平方向和垂直方向都可以调节，安装时只需要两个膨胀螺丝，施工快捷、方便，且因为是贴墙安装(不露头，迎风面少)，夹具受力结构设计合理，所以天线安装安全性高，可以有效减少风压产生的天线松动、坠落等风险。
附图说明
图1是本公开提出的PCB振子单元与反射板的安装结构示意图；
图2是本公开提出的PCB振子单元的结构示意图；
图3是本公开提出的PCB振子单元的结构示意图；
图4是本公开提出的PCB振子单元的示意图；
图5是本公开提出的天线横向安装在楼体顶部的示意图；
图6是本公开提出的天线横向安装在楼体外侧壁的示意图；
图7是本公开提出的天线竖向安装在楼体外侧壁的示意图；
图8是本公开实施例1中的竖直面低频点仿真图；
图9是本公开实施例1中的竖直面中频点仿真图；
图10是本公开实施例1中的竖直面高频点仿真图；
图11是本公开实施例1中的水平面低频点仿真图；
图12是本公开实施例1中的水平面中频点仿真图；
图13是本公开实施例1中的水平面高频点仿真图；
图14是本公开实施例2提出的天线安装结构示意图；
图15是本公开实施例2提出的天线与楼体外侧壁安装的结构示意图；
图16是本公开提出的天线拆解图；
图17是本公开实施例3提出的天线的拆解示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-第一壳体，2-第二壳体，3-PCB振子单元，4-安装组件，5-膨胀螺丝；
31-PCB板，32-振子本体，33-狭槽；
331-第一孔，332-第二孔；
41-安装机构，42-第一调节架，43-第一螺栓，44-第二螺栓，45-第三螺栓，
46-第四螺栓，47-连接板，48-第五螺栓，49-第六螺栓；
411-第二调节架，412-安装板，413-第一连接部，414-第二连接部；
4111-第七通孔，4112-第八通孔；
4131-第一通孔，4132-第二通孔；
4141-第五通孔，4142-第六通孔；
421-第三通孔，422-第四通孔，423-第九通孔，424-第十通孔。
具体实施方式
下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能解释为对本公开的限制。
随着信息技术的发展，天线技术也在不断迭代与更新，以往简单的天线类型已不能满足各类复杂场景的使用需求，特别是在城市中的高密度居民小区中，在小区内建设无线信号覆盖设施非常困难。通过在小区外建站，覆盖小区内，往往覆盖效果不理想，且非常容易形成覆盖盲区和死角，因此“居民小区深度覆盖”，一直是移动通信运营商面对的问题。
目前在高密居民小区内使用的覆盖天线，多选用定向板状天线，或者大张角天线。居民小区天线设计沿用室外宏站天线理念较多，往往只是把宏站定向板状天线简单地进行小型化处理；另外一种在居民小区覆盖中大量使用的大张角天线，在平衡天线增益和天线波束宽度，以及天线安装方式方面，也存在明显的缺陷。常规小区覆盖天线，普遍存在增益偏小，覆盖深度不够的问题。
如何解决现有技术中，居民小区天线体积偏大、增益偏小的问题，是本领域要解决的问题之一。
在现有技术中，近距离宽覆盖天线技术领域还存在以下缺陷：
1)常规小型天线的水平波束宽度较宽，而垂直波束宽度较窄，近距离覆盖高层楼宇，可覆盖范围较小，容易形成覆盖空洞和“塔下黑”。
2)常规小型天线，体积仍较大，重量较重，安装不便，不美观。
3)大张角天线，优化了水平和垂直波束宽度，但在天线尺寸和重量方面，改进提高不明显。
为了克服背景技述中提出的以及上述公开的缺陷，本公开提出了以下实施例：
实施例1
请参照图1到图4，本实施例提出了一种天线，其中，包括PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印刷电路板)振子单元3和反射板6；在具体实施时，每个天线内的PCB振子单元3的数量可以是一个或两个以上，在一种较佳的实现方式中，PCB振子单元3的数量可以是2个、3个、4个、5个或6个。所述PCB振子单元3位于所述反射板6的一侧；具体地，反射板6可以是铝板。所述反射板靠近所述PCB振子单元3的一侧设置有超材料层。通过设置超材料层，利用超材料表面的负的电磁折射率特性，使电磁波汇聚，提高阵列天线的方向性和增益。通过超材料的周期结构在单层的反射板6内实现入射波在其表面实现同相反射，模拟理想磁导体边界提升相应覆盖能力。
所述PCB振子单元3包括PCB板31和设置于所述PCB板31上的至少两对振子本体32。即，每个PCB振子单元3上可以设置多个振子本体32，在具体实施时，振子本体32可以成对出现，也即，振子本体32的数量为偶数个。多个所述振子本体32呈圆周阵列分布，成对的两个所述振子本体32呈中心对称分布。多对振子本体32能够以圆周阵列的中心向外分辐射，有利于提高天线的方向性和增益。
在具体实施时，所述PCB板31上设有狭槽33，任意两个相邻的所述振子本体32均通过所述狭槽33隔离。通过设置狭槽33，有利于将相邻的振子本体32隔离，以避免相邻振子本体32之间干涉。更进一步地，所述狭槽33内设有第一孔331和第二孔332；所述第一孔331和所述第二孔332沿所述狭槽33的长度方向分布。在具体实施时，第一孔331为圆孔，第二孔332为方孔。第二孔332和第一孔331沿靠近圆周阵列中心的方向分布。第一孔331与第二孔332的作用除隔离相邻的振子本体32外，还能够便于安装。在一种具体的实现方式中，PCB振子单元3的具体结构如图1到4所示。设置有相互垂直的狭槽33，在每个狭槽33的内开设有圆孔和正方形孔。圆孔相对于正方形孔靠近辐射板的中心。具体实施时，所述狭槽33的两端均为扩口结构。
在具体实施时，狭槽33的数量可以为多个，具体数量根据振子本体32的数量而定，只要满足任意相邻的两个振子本体32均有一个狭槽33将二者隔离即可。因此，根据实际需要，每个PCB振子单元3可以包括4个、6个或8个振子本体32。但考虑到振子本体32的形状及大小，在一种较佳的实现方式中，振子本体32的数量为4个。相应地，所述狭槽33的数量为两个，两所述狭槽33垂直相交，将所述PCB板31分隔成多个振子分布区域；每个所述分布区域内设有一个所述振子本体32。
为了有利于实现天线的进一步小型化，在本实施例中，所述振子本体32为低剖面振子。
在同一天线中，所述PCB振子单元3的数量为多个。需要明确的是，在一个天线中，PCB振子单元3的数量可以是多个，多个PCB振子单元3的辐射方向可以是平行的，也可以是非平行的。当多个PCB振子单元3的辐射方向不平行时，能够在一定程度上增大辐射范围。
在具体实施时，超材料层选用复合左右手传输线结构超材料。使用超材料覆盖槽板表面，利用超材料表面的负的电磁折射率特性，使电磁波汇聚，提高阵列天线的方向性和增益。利用复合左右手传输线结构超材料抑制天线边沿辐射，减少天线阵元间的干扰，抑制谐波的产生，实现天线设计小型化；从而满足高密度居民小区覆盖对天线小型化、高增益的诉求。
在具体实施时，所述反射板6靠近所述PCB振子单元3的一侧形成有板槽；所述PCB振子单元3设置于所述板槽内。具体地，所述板槽可以是由反射板的边沿处向外翻折形成，也可以是反射板的一侧设置的凹槽。在反射板6上设置板槽61，有利于增强对于电磁波的反射。更具体地，所述超材料层设置于所述板槽61的内壁。即，超材料层覆盖板槽61的底面的侧壁。
实施例2
请参照图5到图15，本公开提出了一种天线，可用于居民小区，也可以用于写字楼、工业园区等楼群较为集中处，其中，包括第一壳体1、第二壳体2、PCB振子单元3和安装组件4。第一壳体1和第二壳体2之间用于安装PCB振子单元3，安装组件4用于固定到楼体。本实施例中提出的天线，较多采用印刷电路板设计制造，有效地降低了制造难度；较小的体积和重量，有效地降低了材料成本。
在一种较佳的应用中，所述第一壳体1、第二壳体2和PCB振子单元3所述构成的整体结构为长方体，其外观尺寸为400mm×150mm×50mm(长×宽×厚)。
在具体实施时，所述第一壳体1与所述第二壳体2连接形成容置空间；第一壳体1与第二壳体2之间的连接可以是通过螺栓连接、卡接、焊接或粘接。所述PCB振子单元3固定安装在所述容置空间内；具体地，PCB振子单元3与第一壳体1或第二壳体2连接，具体可以是通过螺栓连接或卡接。在具体实施时，PCB振子单元3也可以是通过其他部件安装在容置空间内。如，将反射板与第二壳体2通过螺栓连接或卡接或粘接，再将PCB振子单元安装到反射板上。在具体安装时，所述PCB振子单元3的发射方向朝向所述第一壳体1。所述PCB振子单元3为低剖面PCB振子单元3，所述反射板的板槽内表面涂覆有超材料。具体实施时，本实施例所使用的超材料为复合左右手传输线结构超材料。
本实施例采用低剖面PCB振子单元，使用超材料覆盖板槽的内表面，使用超材料覆盖槽板表面，利用超材料表面的负的电磁折射率特性，使电磁波汇聚，提高阵列天线的方向性和增益；利用复合左右手传输线结构超材料抑制天线边沿辐射，减少天线阵元间的干扰，抑制谐波的产生，实现天线设计小型化；从而满足高密度居民小区覆盖对天线小型化、高增益的需求。
在具体实施时，为了适应不同场景楼型需求，所述安装组件4连接于所述第二壳体2远离所述第一壳体1的一侧；所述安装组件4用于将所述第二壳体2沿第一方向或第二方向设置。在具体实施时，根据使用场景的不同，可以是将天线的长度方向沿水平方向安装或沿竖直方向安装。也即，第一方向和第二方向分别为水平方向和竖直方向。
在本实施例中，进行了仿真验证，在1710-2690MHz频段内，选取高、中、低三个频点，竖直面3dB带宽(59°-69°)及水平面3dB带宽(14.7°-23°)。分别得到在水平面和竖直面的高中低频点仿真图分别如图6到图11所示。
请参照图14和图15，本实施例提出的安装组件4可以是直接固定于楼体顶部的外墙壁，也可以是固定于楼体墙体的顶面。安装时，第二壳体2应当朝向外墙壁。根据实际场景的不同，可以选择将天线横向安装或竖向安装。在一些实现方式中，并不必然安装于楼体的顶部，也可以是安装在中间楼层，具体可以是连接于中间楼层的外侧壁或某向外凸出部位的上表面。
本天线功率容限设计为200瓦，可以合路接入更多的不同网元系统，减少不同网元天线数量，节约网络建设成本。
实施例3
本实施例是在实施例1的基础上所作的进一步改进，相同之处不再赘述，以下仅对不同之处予以说明。
请参照图5到图17，在具体实施时，为了便于调节，所述安装组件4包括安装机构41和调节单元，其中，所述安装机构41通过所述调节单元与所述第二壳体2连接，所述调节单元用于调节所述天线绕第一轴线、第二轴线和/或第三轴线的安装角度。
即，所述调节单元可以是仅调节天线绕第一轴线的安装角度，也可以是仅调节天线绕第二轴线的安装角度，也可以是仅调节天线绕第三轴线的安装角度，当然，还可以是既可调节绕第一轴线的安装角度又可调节绕第二轴线的安装角度，还可以是既可调节绕第一轴线的安装角度又可调节绕第三轴线的安装角度，还可以是既可调节绕第二轴线的安装角度又可调节绕第三轴线的安装角度，还可以是绕第一轴线的安装角度、绕第二轴线的安装角度和绕第三轴线的安装角度均可调节。在具体实施时，可以根据不同的需求使用对应的安装组件4。其中，第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线中的任意两个均不平行。
在一种实现方式中，所述调节单元包括第一调节架42；所述安装机构41通过所述第一调节架42与所述第二壳体2连接；所述第一调节架42能够调节绕第一轴线的安装角度。在具体实施时，第二调节架411与安装机构41之间也可以锁紧，即，将第一调节架42摆动到合适位置后，再进行锁紧，保持在固定位置。通过这种方式，可以实现天线绕第一轴线的安装角度的调节，其调节角度为-10到10度。
在具体实施时，第一轴线可以是水平轴线也可以竖直轴线，当然第一轴线也可以是倾斜设置的。即，天线既可以设置成绕水平轴线可调节，也可以设置成绕竖直轴线可调节。通过这种方式可以使天线具有多种安装姿态，以适应不同的环境需要。
更进一步地，为了使天线能够适应更多应用场景，本实施例的可以实现二维调节，所述安装机构41包括第二调节架411和安装板412。
所述第一调节架42与所述第二调节架411连接，所述第二调节架411与所述安装板412连接；所述第二调节架411能够调节绕第二轴线的安装角度。当然，第二调节架411与第一调节架42可以锁紧，当角度调节完成后，可以将第一调节架42与所述第二调节架411之间锁紧在某一位置。
具体实施时，第二轴线为水平轴线或竖直轴线，相应地，当第一轴线为水平轴线时，第二轴线为竖直轴线；当第一轴线为竖直轴线时，第二轴线为水平轴线。即，只要第一轴线与第二轴线不平行即可，但作为一种较佳的实现方式，第一轴线与第二轴线相互垂直。
更进一步地，所述第二调节架411上设有第一连接部413，所述第一连接部413上设有第一通孔4131和第二通孔4132。在具体实施时，第一连接部413的数量为两个，两个第一连接部413平行设置。
所述第一通孔4131的中心线与所述第一轴线平行。所述第二通孔4132为弧形孔，且所述第二通孔4132对应的中心线与所述第一通孔4131的中心线重合。如此，能够使第一调节架42与第二调节架411之间绕第一通孔4131的中心线调节。在具体实施时，第二通孔4132对应的中心线是指该弧形孔所对应的圆环的中心线，即，以弧形孔的内外壁对应的圆柱面的中心线。
所述第一调节架42上设有第三通孔421和第四通孔422。所述第三通孔421和所述第四通孔422分别与第一通孔4131及第二通孔4132对应。
所述第一连接部413与所述第二调节架411通过贯穿所述第一通孔4131和所述第三通孔421的第一螺栓43以及贯穿所述第二通孔4132和所述第四通孔422的第二螺栓44连接。当需要调节时，拧松第一螺栓43和第二螺栓44，以第一螺栓43为中心线，转动第一调节架42，第二螺栓44在第二通孔4132内滑动到适合位置后，拧紧第一螺栓43和第二螺栓44。所述第一调节架42能够绕第一轴线的调节范围为-10度到10度。
为了实现天线绕第二轴线调节安装角度，所述安装板412上设有第二连接部414；在具体实施时，第二连接部414可以设置为两个平行布置的连接耳。
所述第二连接部414上设有第五通孔4141和第六通孔4142；所述第五通孔4141的中心线与所述第二轴线平行；所述第六通孔4142为弧形孔，且所述第六通孔4142对应的中心线与所述第五通孔4141的中心线重合。
所述第二调节架411上设有第七通孔4111和第八通孔4112；所述第二连接部414与所述第二调节架411通过贯穿所述第五通孔4141和所述第七通孔4111的第三螺栓45以及贯穿所述第六通孔4142和所述第八通孔4112的第四螺栓46连接。当需要调节时，拧松第三螺栓45和第四螺栓46，使第二调节架411绕第五通孔4141的中心线转动，第四螺栓46在第四通孔422内达到合适的位置后，拧紧第三螺栓45和第四螺栓46，从而使第二调节架411与安装板412之间固定。所述第二调节架411能够绕第一轴线的调节范围为-10度到10度。
在具体实施时，横向安装和竖向安装，两种安装方式之间的角度差别高达90度，对于部分安装场景并不适用。为了使天线能够在竖直面内具有小角度的调节，本实施例还作了以下改进：
所述安装组件4还包括连接板47；所述连接板47与所述第二壳体2连接；所述连接板47能够调节绕第三轴线的安装角度；在具体实施时，所述连接板47上可以设置第三连接部，第三连接部向远离第二壳体2的一侧凹陷，形成U字形结构，以便于布置与第一调节架42连接的螺栓。
在具体实施时，所述第一调节架42上还设有第九通孔423和第十通孔424。为达到可转动调节的目的，所述第九通孔423和所述第十通孔424均为弧形孔，所述九通孔对应的中心线和所述第十通孔424对应的中心线重合。具体实施时，所述第九通孔423与第十通孔424相对设置，二者对应同一圆环。第三轴线即为该圆环的中心线。换句话说，第九通孔423和第十通孔424具有相同的形状和尺寸，两者中心对称设置，且二者的弯曲方向相反。所述连接板47与所述第二壳体2通过穿过所述第九通孔423的第五螺栓48、穿过所述第十通孔424的第六螺栓49连接。当需要调节时，拧松第五螺栓48和第六螺栓49，绕第三轴线转动第二连接板47，第五螺栓48在第九通孔423内滑动，第六螺栓49在第十通孔424内滑动，当角度调节到位后，第五螺栓48和第六螺栓49转动到合适的位置，拧紧第五螺栓48和第六螺栓49，使第一调节架42与连接板47固定在合适的位置。
所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线和所述第三轴线两两垂直。即，使得天线可以绕第一轴线、第二轴线和第三轴线的方向转动，以实现天线姿态的调节。
在具体实施时，还包括膨胀螺丝5，所述安装组件4通过至少两个所述膨胀螺丝5连接于楼体的顶部。
实施例4
本实施例是实施例3的一种具体实现方式，相同之处不再赘述，以下仅对不同之处予以说明。
请参照图15，在一些仅能在一维方向上转动调节时，安装机构41可以设置成与实施例2中的安装板412相同的结构。将第一调节架42直接与第二壳体2通过螺栓连接。
在第一调节架42与安装机构41之间设置可转动调节的结构。如，在第一调节架42上设置圆孔和弧形孔，在安装组件4上设置与之对应的孔，并通过螺栓连接。其转动调节的原理与实施例2绕第一轴线转动的原理相同。
本天线主要适用于居民小区或需要密集覆盖的场景。此类场景楼宇间距相对较小，采用广域覆盖的传统天线，由于没有进行针对性设计，无线信号覆盖容易存在覆盖盲区；同时居民小区对外装天线的尺寸和隐蔽性有较高的要求，传统抱杆安装的天线，非常明显和突兀，且施工相对复杂，建站难度较大。
使用本天线在连片楼宇、高密度小区场景，利用本天线较高的增益，较宽的波束宽度，可大量减少天线数量，提高覆盖范围，提升覆盖效果，可有效地解决高密度居民小区弱覆盖的问题。本天线具有较广阔的商业应用价值。
实测示例
经实际测试，本天线的主要性能指标，完全达到设计预期。在实际测试中的性能指标如表1所示。
表1本公开提出的天线的性能指标表
需要指出的是，本公开所指的低剖面振子：振子辐射面到槽板的高度被称为天线剖面高度，常规振子剖面高度为1/4λ。低剖面振子是指天线振子单元的厚度小，其剖面低于常规振子剖面高度。本次使用的低抛面振子高度仅为0.15λ，可显著降低天线厚度，实现天线超薄和小型化。
本公开所指的超材料是介电常数和磁导率都为负值或趋近于零的物质，其电磁学特性与常规材料的不同。目前，自然材料通过人工手段设计加工后，具有自然材料所不具备的超常物理性质，这类人工复合材料或结构，被称为超材料。常规介质材料，介电常数和磁导率均为大于1的正值。而超材料技术可以实现具有超低介电常数，或者超高磁导率，产生特殊的天线电性能，从而实现天线的小型化、高增益、高信号选择性等要求。
需要指出的是，本实施例中所指的楼体可以是小区的居民楼，也可以是办公区的写字楼，同时适用于:
1)连片低层建筑
2)独栋高层建筑
3)机场跑道、高速公路
4)近距离宽阔场景
5)近距离高塔场景。
以上依据图式所示的实施例详细说明了本公开的构造、特征及作用效果，以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例，但本公开不以图面所示限定实施范围，凡是依照本公开的构想所作的改变，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例，仍未超出说明书与图示所涵盖的精神时，均应在本公开的保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种天线，包括PCB振子单元和反射板；
    所述PCB振子单元设置于所述反射板的一侧，所述反射板靠近所述PCB振子单元的一侧设置有超材料层；
    所述PCB振子单元包括PCB板和设置于所述PCB板上的多个振子本体；
    所述振子本体为低剖面振子。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中：多个所述振子本体呈圆周阵列分布，成对的两个所述振子本体呈中心对称分布；
    所述PCB板上设有狭槽，任意两相邻的所述振子本体均通过所述狭槽隔离。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其中：所述狭槽的数量为两个，两个所述狭槽垂直相交，将所述PCB板分隔成多个振子分布区域；每个所述分布区域内设有一个所述振子本体。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的天线，其中：所述狭槽内设有第一孔和第二孔；所述第一孔和所述第二孔沿所述狭槽的长度方向分布。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中：所述超材料层由复合左右手传输线结构超材料制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其中：所述反射板靠近所述PCB振子单元的一侧形成有板槽；
    所述PCB振子单元设置于所述板槽内；
    所述超材料层设置于所述板槽的内壁。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的天线，其中：包括第一壳体、第二壳体和安装组件；
    所述第一壳体与所述第二壳体连接，形成容置空间；所述PCB振子单元安装在所述容置空间内；所述PCB振子单元的辐射方向朝向所述第一壳体；
    所述安装组件连接于所述第二壳体远离所述第一壳体的一侧；所述安装组件用于将所述第二壳体沿第一方向或第二方向设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线，其中：所述安装组件包括安装机构和调节单元，所述安装机构通过所述调节单元与所述第二壳体连接；
    所述调节单元用于调节所述天线绕第一轴线、第二轴线或第三轴线至少之一的安装角度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其中：所述调节单元包括第一调节架；所述第一调节架能够调节绕所述第一轴线的安装角度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的天线，其中：所述调节单元还包括第二调节架和安装板；
    所述第一调节架与所述第二调节架连接，所述第二调节架与所述安装板连接；所述第二调节架能够调节绕所述第二轴线的安装角度。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线，其中：所述第二调节架上设有第一连接部，所述第一连接部上设有第一通孔和第二通孔；
    所述第一通孔的中心线与所述第一轴线平行；
    所述第二通孔为弧形孔，且所述第二通孔对应的中心线与所述第一通孔的中心线重合；
    所述第一调节架上设有第三通孔和第四通孔；
    所述第一连接部与所述第二调节架通过贯穿所述第一通孔和所述第三通孔的第一螺栓以及贯穿所述第二通孔和所述第四通孔的第二螺栓连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线，其中：所述安装板上设有第二连接部；
    所述第二连接部上设有第五通孔和第六通孔；
    所述第五通孔的中心线与所述第二轴线平行；
    所述第六通孔为弧形孔，且所述第六通孔对应的中心线与所述第五通孔的中心线重合；
    所述第二调节架上设有第七通孔和第八通孔；
    所述第二连接部与所述第二调节架通过贯穿所述第五通孔和所述第七通孔的第三螺栓以及贯穿所述第六通孔和所述第八通孔的第四螺栓连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的天线，其中：所述调节单元还包括连接板；
    所述连接板与所述第二壳体连接；所述连接板能够调节所述天线绕所述第三轴线的安装角度。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的天线，其中：所述第一调节架上还设有第九通孔和第十通孔；
    所述第九通孔和所述第十通孔均为弧形孔，所述九通孔对应的中心线和所述第十通孔对应的中心线重合；
    所述连接板与所述第二壳体通过穿过所述第九通孔的第五螺栓、穿过所述第十通孔的第六螺栓连接。
PCT/CN2024/136503 2023-12-12 2024-12-03 一种天线 Pending WO2025124231A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202311705110.3 2023-12-12
CN202311705110.3A CN118801114A (zh) 2023-12-12 2023-12-12 一种天线

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025124231A1 true WO2025124231A1 (zh) 2025-06-19

Family

ID=93020939

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2024/136503 Pending WO2025124231A1 (zh) 2023-12-12 2024-12-03 一种天线

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN118801114A (zh)
WO (1) WO2025124231A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118801114A (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-10-18 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 一种天线
CN120262029A (zh) * 2025-06-05 2025-07-04 西安电子科技大学 一种基于超表面的宽带高增益5g基站天线

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103779658A (zh) * 2013-11-22 2014-05-07 佛山市安捷信通讯设备有限公司 低剖面双极化低频辐射单元、天线阵列、天线装置及天线
CN204205067U (zh) * 2014-05-26 2015-03-11 深圳光启高等理工研究院 天线装置
CN205303694U (zh) * 2016-01-13 2016-06-08 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 一种窄波束天线
US20220416436A1 (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-12-29 Silicon Laboratories Inc. Metamaterial Antenna Array With Isolated Antennas
CN118801114A (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-10-18 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 一种天线

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103779658A (zh) * 2013-11-22 2014-05-07 佛山市安捷信通讯设备有限公司 低剖面双极化低频辐射单元、天线阵列、天线装置及天线
CN204205067U (zh) * 2014-05-26 2015-03-11 深圳光启高等理工研究院 天线装置
CN205303694U (zh) * 2016-01-13 2016-06-08 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 一种窄波束天线
US20220416436A1 (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-12-29 Silicon Laboratories Inc. Metamaterial Antenna Array With Isolated Antennas
CN118801114A (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-10-18 中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司 一种天线

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN118801114A (zh) 2024-10-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US12074375B2 (en) Millimeter-wave dual circularly polarized lens antenna and electronic equipment
WO2025124231A1 (zh) 一种天线
CN105655702B (zh) 一种低剖面小型双极化基站天线
CN104900998B (zh) 低剖面双极化基站天线
CN107275798A (zh) 超表面透镜天线
CN203589220U (zh) 天线
CN101916910A (zh) 基站天线单元及基站天线
CN108429015B (zh) 一种极化状态与波束指向同时调控的超表面凹面反射镜
CN109755755B (zh) 一种基于单层介质的双频宽带圆极化栅
CN106299628B (zh) 一种天线和无线路由器
AU2024303771A1 (en) Artificial dielectric material, lens unit and manufacturing method therefor, and lens antenna
CN202395161U (zh) 一种二段结构高功率波束赋形车载天线
CN105576351B (zh) 一种天线辐射单元及天线
CN106876896A (zh) 圆极化天线
CN106921049A (zh) 基于双层磁单负材料的亚波长谐振腔天线
WO2024061009A1 (zh) 天线装置及通信设备
CN107681256A (zh) 用于地面通信站安装的全向垂直极化宽带vhf波段天线
CN105048066A (zh) 一种低剖面高增益分形小型基站天线
CN219833032U (zh) 一种低剖面全金属反射阵列天线
CN108023163B (zh) 矢量合成基站天线单元
WO2022141530A1 (zh) 一种天线模块及基站系统
CN111180884A (zh) 一种宽带双极化基站天线单元及mimo天线
CN114421179B (zh) 用于安装5g天线的铁塔吸波网结构及几何尺寸确定方法
CN110334480B (zh) 用于降低噪声温度的双偏置天线副面扩展曲面设计方法
CN107317118A (zh) 一种新型可调谐高增益天线反射板

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24902652

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1