WO2025123733A1 - 电池包 - Google Patents

电池包 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025123733A1
WO2025123733A1 PCT/CN2024/111320 CN2024111320W WO2025123733A1 WO 2025123733 A1 WO2025123733 A1 WO 2025123733A1 CN 2024111320 W CN2024111320 W CN 2024111320W WO 2025123733 A1 WO2025123733 A1 WO 2025123733A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat dissipation
fire
battery pack
cooling
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/111320
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金超
克鲁格约翰·克里斯提
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhuhai Anyikong Jianghai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhuhai Anyikong Jianghai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhuhai Anyikong Jianghai New Energy Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Zhuhai Anyikong Jianghai New Energy Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025123733A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025123733A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of ship power batteries, in particular to a battery pack.
  • Existing power batteries may be damaged or short-circuited due to improper use, long-term overload operation, or impact during use, which may lead to thermal runaway and fire. If a power battery catches fire, the existing fire extinguishing method is to use external spraying of fire extinguishing media, such as fire extinguishers or high-pressure water guns, etc. However, the external spraying of fire extinguishing media on the power battery cannot directly act on the battery cell of the fire component, and thus cannot effectively extinguish the fire, resulting in safety hazards and poor safety of the power battery.
  • the utility model provides a battery pack, comprising:
  • a housing having a receiving cavity disposed therein;
  • At least two battery cells are arranged in the accommodating cavity at intervals along a first direction;
  • a cooling assembly is installed in the accommodating cavity;
  • the cooling assembly includes a joint, a cooling pipe, a heat sink, a commutator and a fire hose;
  • the joint is passed through and fixed on the shell, the cooling pipe is connected to the joint, the heat sink is connected to the cooling pipe, the heat sink is arranged between two adjacent battery cells, the commutator is installed on the cooling pipe, and the fire hose is connected to the commutator;
  • the cooling pipe extends in a first direction
  • the fire-fighting pipe extends in a second direction
  • the joint is connected to the cooling pipe or the fire-fighting pipe, and the connection state of the joint is switched by the reversing member.
  • the heat sink is provided with an inlet hole, a chamber and a heat dissipation channel; the inlet hole is connected with the interior of the cooling tube, the chamber is connected with the inlet hole, the heat dissipation channel is connected with the chamber, and the heat dissipation channel corresponds to the setting position of the battery cell.
  • the heat dissipation channel is in a strip shape and extends along the third direction. At least two heat dissipation channels are provided. The heat dissipation channels are arranged in the heat dissipation plate at intervals along the second direction, and each of the heat dissipation channels is connected to the chamber.
  • one end of the heat dissipation channel is communicated with the chamber, and the other end of the heat dissipation channel passes through the heat dissipation plate to be communicated with the accommodating cavity.
  • Two opposite side surfaces of the chamber in the second direction expand and extend in a gradually diverging shape along the introduction hole toward the heat dissipation channel.
  • the fire hose comprises a vertical portion and a nozzle portion; One end of the vertical portion is connected to the commutator, the vertical portion is extended along the second direction, the nozzle head is arranged at an end of the vertical portion away from the commutator, and the nozzle head is extended from the vertical portion toward the direction close to the battery cell.
  • the cross-sectional dimension of the shower head gradually decreases from the upright portion toward the battery cell.
  • the battery pack further includes a fixing seat; two fixing seats are arranged in the accommodating cavity at intervals along the first direction, and each of the battery cells is arranged between the two fixing seats and is clamped and fixed by the two fixing seats.
  • the housing includes a bottom shell and a top cover; the top cover is connected to the bottom shell and surrounds the accommodating cavity;
  • a sealing gasket is arranged between the bottom shell and the top cover.
  • a rubber ring is provided between the cooling tube and the heat sink.
  • the above battery pack has the following advantages:
  • a fire-fighting pipe By arranging a fire-fighting pipe on the cooling assembly, when a fire occurs, the fire-fighting pipe is connected to the joint through the reversing member, so that the fire-fighting medium can be directly introduced into the shell, so that the fire-fighting medium can directly contact the battery cell, thereby realizing fire-fighting from inside the battery pack and directly extinguishing the fire source, effectively controlling the development of the fire and improving the safety of the battery pack.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of FIG1 after the housing is hidden;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery pack in FIG1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the heat dissipation plate in FIG. 3 .
  • a first feature being “above” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium.
  • a first feature being “above”, “above” or “above” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • a first feature being “below”, “below” or “below” a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
  • a sealing gasket 13 is provided between the bottom shell 11 and the top cover 12.
  • the sealing gasket 13 is annular, clamped between the bottom shell 11 and the top cover 12, and extends along the periphery of the opening end of the bottom shell 11.
  • the sealing gasket 13 is used to seal the connection position between the bottom shell 11 and the top cover 12, thereby improving the air tightness of the housing 10.
  • the sealing gasket 13 is a plastic part, a silicone part, a polytetrafluoroethylene part or other material parts, and the specific material of the sealing gasket 13 is not limited here, and it is sufficient to ensure that the sealing gasket 13 can seal the connection position between the bottom shell 11 and the top cover 12.
  • the cooling tube 32 is extended in a long strip shape, and the cooling tube 32 is extended in a first direction, and the end of the cooling tube 32 is connected to the joint 31.
  • the cooling tube 32 can also be other irregular shapes, and the specific shape of the cooling tube 32 is not limited here, and it is sufficient to ensure that the cooling tube 32 can be connected to each heat sink 33 in sequence.
  • the cooling tube 32 is in a rectangular strip shape, and the cooling tube 32 is connected and fixed to the shell 10.
  • the cooling tube 32 is arranged in a cubic shape to improve the stability of the connection between the cooling tube 32 and the shell 10, and the cooling tube 32 can be better connected and fixed to the heat sink 33.
  • a circular long strip flow channel is arranged in the cooling tube 32 to connect to the joint 31. The cooling medium is transported.
  • the heat sink 33 is provided with an inlet hole 331, a chamber 332 and a heat dissipation channel 333.
  • the inlet hole 331 is connected to the interior of the cooling tube 32, and the inlet hole 331 is in the shape of an elongated strip, and the inlet hole 331 is used to introduce the cooling medium into the chamber 332.
  • the chamber 332 is connected to the inlet hole 331, and the inlet hole 331 and the heat dissipation channel 333 are respectively arranged on both sides of the chamber 332 in the third direction.
  • the heat dissipation channel 333 is connected to the chamber 332, and the heat dissipation channel 333 is in the shape of an elongated strip extending along the third direction.
  • the heat dissipation area can be increased, and the gas in each heat dissipation channel 333 can be ensured to be relatively independent, thereby avoiding turbulence caused by the cooling medium absorbing different heat at different positions, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect on the battery cell 20.
  • the cooling medium in the heat dissipation flow channel 333 is passed into the chamber 332 and then discharged together, so that the cooling medium entering the chamber 332 can absorb the heat of the exposed side of the battery cell 20, thereby avoiding heat dissipation only on the side where the battery cell 20 and the heat dissipation plate 33 are in contact, so as to improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery cell 20.
  • the cross-section of the chamber 332 perpendicular to the first direction is triangular, and the two opposite sides of the chamber 332 in the second direction gradually expand and extend in a divergent shape along the introduction hole 331 toward the heat dissipation channel 333. That is, the cooling medium enters the chamber 332 from the introduction hole 331, and as the cooling medium gradually diffuses to both sides in the second direction, the greater the pressure exerted on the cooling medium by the side surface, thus ensuring that the cooling medium passing into each heat dissipation channel 333 in the second direction is more uniform, thereby improving the heat dissipation performance.
  • the reversing member 34 is arranged on the cooling pipe 32, and the reversing member 34 is installed at one end of the cooling pipe 32 close to the joint 31, and the reversing member 34 is used to adjust the connection state between the cooling pipe 32 and the fire fighting pipe 35.
  • the reversing member 34 is a three-way solenoid valve.
  • the fire hose 35 includes an upright portion 351 and a nozzle head 352.
  • One end of the upright portion 351 is connected to the commutator 34, the upright portion 351 is in a long strip shape, the upright portion 351 is extended along the second direction, and the bottom of the upright portion 351 is connected to the commutator 34; the nozzle head 352 is arranged at one end of the upright portion 351 away from the commutator 34, and the nozzle head 352 is extended from the upright portion 351 to the direction close to the battery cell 20.
  • the commutator 34 connects the fire hose 35 with the joint 31, and the external air supply device passes the flame retardant medium into the fire hose 35, and the flame retardant medium is sprayed toward the battery cell 20 through the nozzle head 352.
  • the cross-sectional size of the nozzle head 352 gradually decreases from the upright portion 351 to the direction close to the battery cell 20, so as to increase the injection pressure of the flame retardant medium, increase the flow rate of the flame retardant medium, and then increase the coverage area, so as to ensure the control effect of thermal runaway.
  • a plurality of nozzle heads 352 may be provided on the same fire-fighting pipe 35 , and each nozzle head 352 faces a different direction, so as to increase the area covered by the spray of the flame-retardant medium, thereby improving the control effect on thermal runaway.
  • the battery pack 100 further includes a fixing seat 40.
  • the fixing seats 40 are in the shape of a straight plate, and the two fixing seats 40 extend in the same direction.
  • Each battery cell 20 is arranged between the two fixing seats 40.
  • the two fixing seats 40 apply a clamping force along a first direction to the battery core 20 to fix the battery core 20 and ensure that the battery core 20 fits the heat sink 33 to ensure the heat dissipation effect.
  • the reversing member 34 connects the fire hose 35 with the connector 31, and the external gas supply assembly converts the incoming gas from a cooling medium to a flame retardant medium.
  • the flame retardant medium enters the fire hose 35 through the connector 31 and the reversing member 34, and is sprayed toward the battery cell 20 through the nozzle head 352, separating the fire source from the oxygen to control the thermal runaway and prevent the battery cell 20 from continuing to burn.
  • the embodiment of the utility model provides a battery pack 100, which has the following beneficial effects:
  • the fire-fighting pipe 35 is connected to the joint 31 through the reversing member 34, so that the fire-fighting medium can be directly introduced into the shell 10, so that the fire-fighting medium can directly contact the battery cell 20, thereby achieving fire extinguishing from the fire source inside the battery pack 100, effectively controlling the development of the fire, and improving the safety of the battery pack 100.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池包（100），包括壳体（10）、至少两个电芯（20）及冷却组件（30）；至少两个电芯（20）沿第一方向间隔布置在壳体（10）内；冷却组件（30）包括接头（31）、冷却管（32）、散热板（33）、换向件（34）及消防管（35）；接头（31）穿设并固定在壳体（10）上，冷却管（32）与接头（31）连接，散热板（33）与冷却管（32）连接，散热板（33）设置在相邻两个电芯（20）之间，换向件（34）安装在冷却管（32）上，消防管（35）与换向件（34）连接；其中，接头（31）连通冷却管（32）或消防管（35），并由换向件（34）切换接头（31）的连通状态。通过在冷却组件（30）上设置消防管（35），在发生火灾时，通过换向件（34）将消防管（35）与接头（31）连通，可以将消防介质直接通入壳体（10）内，使消防介质直接接触电芯（20），将电池包（100）内部的火源扑灭，有效控制火势发展，提高电池包（100）的使用安全性。

Description

电池包 技术领域
本实用新型涉及船舶动力电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池包。
背景技术
船舶对钢铁、石化、纺织、装备制造、电子信息等重点产业发展和扩大出口具有较强的带动作用，是国家实施海洋强国和制造强国战略的重要支撑。然而，船舶的传统动力推进装置，如柴油机、蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机等，通过消耗柴油来产生动力，存在如下主要问题：燃料能量转换效率低、振动噪声等级高、尾气排放污染生态环境。因此，研究清洁、高效、可持续发展的新能源动力推进技术已经成为绿色船舶的重要发展方向。动力电池作为21世纪绿色动力能源的核心代表，动力电池也就成为了绿色船舶的主要技术方向，但是船舶领域的动力电池与汽车领域等其他地面领域的要求还是有区别的，因为动力电池在船舶上发生热失控的后果会比陆地上发生热失控的后果严重很多，所以船用动力电池的安全性要求比陆地高很多，这也就需要更好的热失控防护措施。
现有的动力电池在使用过程中由于使用不当、长时间超负荷运转、或者受到撞击导致电芯破损正负极片短接，这些情况都会导致热失控的情况，进而引发火灾。如果发生动力电池起火，现有的灭火方式都是采用外部喷洒灭火介质的方式，例如灭火器或高压水枪等等，但是对动力电池外部喷洒灭火介质无法直接作用在起火部件的电芯上，进而不能起到有效灭火效果，导致动力电池存在安全隐患，安全性差。
实用新型内容
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是：
动力电池起火后无法进行有效的灭火，安全性差。
为了解决上述技术问题，本实用新型提供了一种电池包，包括：
壳体，所述壳体内设置有容置腔；
至少两个电芯；所述电芯沿第一方向间隔布置在所述容置腔内；
冷却组件，安装在所述容置腔内；所述冷却组件包括接头、冷却管、散热板、换向件及消防管；所述接头穿设并固定在所述壳体上，所述冷却管与所述接头连接，所述散热板与所述冷却管连接，所述散热板设置在相邻两个所述电芯之间，所述换向件安装在所述冷却管上，所述消防管与所述换向件连接；
其中，所述冷却管沿第一方向延伸，所述消防管沿第二方向延伸，所述接头连通所述冷却管或所述消防管，并由所述换向件切换所述接头的连通状态。
在其中一个实施例中，所述散热板内设置有导入孔、腔室及散热流道；所述导入孔与所述冷却管的内部相连通，所述腔室与所述导入孔相连通，所述散热流道与所述腔室相连通，所述散热流道与所述电芯的设置位置相对应。
在其中一个实施例中，所述散热流道呈长条状沿第三方向延伸，所述散热流道设置有至少两个，所述散热流道沿第二方向间隔布置在所述散热板内，各所述散热流道均与所述腔室相连通。
在其中一个实施例中，所述散热流道一端与所述腔室相连通，所述散热流道的另一端穿出所述散热板，以与所述容置腔相连通。
在其中一个实施例中，所述腔室沿垂直于第一方向的截面形状呈三角形，所述导入孔与所述散热流道分设在所述腔室在第三方向上的相对两侧；
所述腔室在第二方向上的相对两侧面，沿所述导入孔向所述散热流道方向呈逐渐背离状扩张延伸。
在其中一个实施例中，所述消防管包括直立部及喷头部；所述直立部 的一端与所述换向件连接，所述直立部沿第二方向延伸设置，所述喷头部设置在所述直立部远离所述换向件的一端，所述喷头部自所述直立部向靠近所述电芯方向延伸设置。
在其中一个实施例中，所述喷头部的横截面尺寸自所述直立部向靠近所述电芯方向逐渐减小。
在其中一个实施例中，所述电池包还包括固定座；两个所述固定座沿第一方向间隔设置在所述容置腔内，各所述电芯均设置在两个所述固定座之间，并被两个所述固定座夹持固定。
在其中一个实施例中，所述壳体包括底壳及顶罩；所述顶罩与所述底壳相对接，并围设形成所述容置腔；
所述底壳与所述顶罩之间设置有密封垫。
在其中一个实施例中，所述冷却管与所述散热板之间设置有胶圈。
上述电池包与现有技术相比，其有益效果在于：
通过在冷却组件上设置消防管，在发生火灾时，通过换向件将消防管与接头连通，可以将消防介质直接通入壳体内，使消防介质直接对电芯接触，实现从电池包内部进行消防处理，直接对火源进行灭火处理，有效控制火势发展，提高电池包使用的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型一实施方式的电池包的结构示意图；
图2为图1中隐藏壳体后的结构示意图；
图3为图1中电池包的分解结构示意图；
图4为图3中圆圈A部分的放大示意图；
图5为图3中散热板的结构示意图。
附图中标号的含义为：
100、电池包；
10、壳体；11、底壳；12、顶罩；13、密封垫；15、容置腔；16、出
风口；
20、电芯；
30、冷却组件；31、接头；32、冷却管；33、散热板；331、导入孔；
332、腔室；333、散热流道；34、换向件；35、消防管；351、直立部；352、喷头部；36、胶圈；
40、固定座。
具体实施方式
为使本实用新型的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本实用新型。但是本实用新型能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本实用新型内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本实用新型不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
在本实用新型的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本实用新型和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本实用新型的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本实用新型中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、 “连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本实用新型中的具体含义。
在本实用新型中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
需要说明的是，根据图2及图3所示，本实用新型实施例中X轴方向、Y轴方向及Z轴方向两两相交，为了便于说明，定义第一方向为X轴方向，定义第二方向为Y轴方向，定义第三方向为Z轴方向。在本实施例中，X轴方向与Y轴方向互为共面垂直关系，Z轴方向垂直于X轴与Y轴的公共面，该第一方向、第二方向、第三方向相互垂直。进一步说明，说明书中关于垂直的定义在九十度浮动百分之十都应当理解为垂直，即定义的第一方向与第二方向之间的夹角为八十度至九十度之间都应当理解为垂直。
请参阅图1至图5，为本实用新型一实施方式的电池包100，包括壳体10、电芯20及冷却组件30。该壳体10内设置有容置腔15，以提供其他部 件的安装空间，壳体10用于对其他部件进行保护。该电芯20的数量为至少两个，电芯20沿第一方向间隔布置在容置腔15内，该电芯20用于将化学能转化为电能，进而实现对外供电的核心部件。该冷却组件30安装在容置腔15内；冷却组件30包括接头31、冷却管32、散热板33、换向件34及消防管35；接头31穿设并固定在壳体10上，冷却管32与接头31连接，散热板33与冷却管32连接，散热板33设置在相邻两个电芯20之间，该散热板33用于与电芯20进行热量交换，进而实现对电芯20进行冷却操作；换向件34安装在冷却管32上，消防管35与换向件34连接；其中，冷却管32沿第一方向延伸，消防管35沿第二方向延伸，接头31连通冷却管32或消防管35，并由换向件34切换接头31的连通状态。
进一步地，该壳体10呈中空结构设置，壳体10内部形成有相对密闭的容置腔15，壳体10对内部的部件进行保护。在本实施例中，该壳体10包括底壳11及顶罩12。该底壳11布置在壳体10的底部，顶罩12布置在壳体10的顶部，该顶罩12与底壳11相对接，底壳11与顶罩12上的开口相对，以顶罩12与底壳11围设形成容置腔15。可以理解地，该顶罩12与底壳11可通过螺栓固定、焊接固定或卡扣固定等其他固定方式，此处不对顶罩12与底壳11的连接固定方式进行限定，保证顶罩12与底壳11可以相互对接形成容置腔15即可。
进一步地，该底壳11与顶罩12之间设置有密封垫13。该密封垫13呈环形，密封垫13夹持在底壳11与顶罩12之间，密封垫13沿底壳11开口端的周缘延伸设置，该密封垫13用于对底壳11与顶罩12的连接位置处进行密封，进而提高壳体10的气密性。可以理解地，该密封垫13为塑胶件、硅胶件或聚四氟乙烯件等其他材料件，此处不对密封垫13的具体材料进行限制，保证密封垫13可以对底壳11与顶罩12接合位置处进行密封即可。
进一步地，该电芯20大致呈矩形状，电芯20沿第一方向间隔布置在容置腔15内，该电芯20用于产生电能，通过将各电芯20根据不同需要进 行串联、并联或者串并混联，实现电池包100对外输出所需功率的电量，完成对外供电。该电芯20上设置有正极柱与负极柱，以保证对外输出电能，各电芯20的正极柱与负极柱均设置在电芯20靠近顶罩12的一侧，以方便组装操作。
进一步地，该冷却组件30与外界的供气或供液设备连接，以实现对电芯20进行风冷或水冷的冷却操作，此处不对具体的冷却方式进行限制。在本实施例中，该冷却组件30与外界的供气设备连接，外界供气设备向冷却组件30输入高压气流，高压气流在散热板33内空间变大，气压降低，气流在降压的过程中会吸收热量，进而提高风冷的散热效果。更近一步地，在电芯20出现热失控情况下，外界的供气设备会将阻燃介质通入冷却组件30，并通过消防管35进入容置腔15内，以实现对热失控情况的控制。该阻燃介质为二氧化碳、氮气或七氟丙烷等其他阻燃介质。而在电芯20正常工作情况下，外界供气设备可以将空气通入冷却组件30，以降低对电芯20的冷却成本。当然电芯20正常工作情况下，外界供气设备也可以通入特定成份配比的气体冷却介质，以提高冷却组件30的散热效果。
进一步地，该接头31穿设在底壳11上，接头31一端设置在容置腔15内，接头31的另一端设置在壳体10的外侧，接头31设置在容置腔15内的一端与冷却管32连接，接头31设置在壳体10外侧的一端与外界供气装置连接，该接头31用于与外界的供气装置连接，以将冷却介质或阻燃介质通入冷却组件30。
进一步地，该冷却管32呈长条状延伸设置，冷却管32沿第一方向延伸设置，该冷却管32端部与接头31连接。可以理解地，该冷却管32也可以为其他不规则形状，此处不对冷却管32的具体形状进行限制，保证冷却管32可以依次连接各散热板33即可。在本实施例中，该冷却管32呈矩形长条状，冷却管32与壳体10连接固定，冷却管32采用立方体状设置可以提高冷却管32与壳体10连接的稳定性，并且可以更好的将冷却管32与散热板33连接固定。该冷却管32内设置有圆形长条状的流道，以对接头31 输送的冷却介质进行输送。
进一步地，该散热板33成直板状结构设置，散热板33设置在相邻的两个电芯20之间，散热板33所在的延伸平面垂直于冷却管32的延伸方向，散热板33与电芯20并列排布，散热板33在第一方向上的两侧与电芯20贴合，以提高热量交换效率，提高散热效果。可以理解地，在其它实施例中，为了保证散热板33与电芯20贴合的稳定性，会在散热板33与电芯20之间加装导热硅胶，以保证散热板33与电芯20紧密贴合，进而提高散热板33与电芯20之间的导热性能。在本实施例中，该散热板33的设置数量为多个，散热板33呈并列状沿第一方向间隔设置，各散热板33均与冷却管32连接，冷却管32将冷却介质输入各散热板33内。在本实施例中，该散热板33与冷却管32之间设置有胶圈36，该胶圈36呈环状结构设置，该胶圈36用于对散热板33与冷却管32接合位置处进行密封。
进一步地，该散热板33内设置有导入孔331、腔室332及散热流道333。该导入孔331与冷却管32的内部相连通，导入孔331呈长条状，导入孔331用于将冷却介质导入腔室332内。该腔室332与导入孔331相连通，导入孔331与散热流道333分设在腔室332在第三方向上的两侧。该散热流道333与腔室332相连通，散热流道333呈长条状沿第三方向延伸，散热流道333与电芯20的设置位置相对应，散热流道333内的冷却介质对电芯20工作产生的热量进行吸收，并输送至外界，以实现对电芯20的冷却操作。在本实施例中，该散热流道333设置有至少两个，散热流道333沿第二方向间隔布置在散热板33内，各散热流道333均与腔室332相连通，通过设置多个散热流道333，可以提高散热面积，并时保证各散热流道333内的气体相对独立流道，避免冷却介质在不同位置吸收热量不同而出现扰流情况，提高对电芯20的散热效果。
进一步地，该散热流道333一端与腔室332相连通，散热流道333的另一端穿出散热板33，以与容置腔15相连通，即散热流道333内的冷却介质会通入容置腔15内。具体地，该壳体10上设置有出风口16，出风口 16设置在顶罩12上，出风口16与外界气管连接，以将容置腔15内的冷却介质排出。将散热流道333内的冷却介质通入腔室332内再一并排出，可以使得进入腔室332内的冷却介质对电芯20的裸露侧面热量进行吸收，进而避免只对电芯20与散热板33贴合的侧面进行散热，以提高电芯20的散热效果。
进一步地，该腔室332沿垂直于第一方向的截面形状呈三角形，腔室332在第二方向上的相对两侧面，沿导入孔331向散热流道333方向呈逐渐背离状扩张延伸。即冷却介质自导入孔331进入腔室332内，随着冷却介质在第二方向上逐渐向两侧扩散，侧面对冷却介质施加的压力越大，如此保证对第二方向上的各散热流道333通入的冷却介质更均匀，提高散热性能。
进一步地，该换向件34设置在冷却管32上，该换向件34安装在冷却管32靠近接头31的一端，换向件34用于调整冷却管32与消防管35的连通状态。在本实施例中，该换向件34为三通电磁阀。
进一步地，该消防管35包括直立部351及喷头部352。该直立部351的一端与换向件34连接，直立部351呈长条状，直立部351沿第二方向延伸设置，直立部351的底部与换向件34连接；喷头部352设置在直立部351远离换向件34的一端，喷头部352自直立部351向靠近电芯20方向延伸设置，在电芯20发生热失控时，换向件34将消防管35与接头31连通，外界供气装置将阻燃介质通入消防管35，阻燃介质通过喷头部352喷向电芯20。在本实施例中，该喷头部352的截面尺寸自直立部351向靠近电芯20方向逐渐减小，以提高阻燃介质的喷射压力，提高阻燃介质喷出的流速，进而提高覆盖面积，保证对热失控的控制效果。更近一步地，同一消防管35上可以设置有多个喷头部352，各喷头部352分别朝向不同的方向，以提高对阻燃介质喷射所覆盖的面积，进而提高对热失控的控制效果。
进一步地，该电池包100还包括固定座40。固定座40的设置数量为两个，两个固定座40沿第一方向间隔设置在容置腔15内，固定座40呈直板状，两个固定座40同向延伸设置，各电芯20均设置在两个固定座40之 间，并被两个固定座40夹持固定，两固定座40对电芯20施加沿第一方向的夹持力，将电芯20固定，并保证电芯20与散热板33贴合，保证散热效果。
本实用新型的工作过程为：正常工作时，换向件34将冷却管32与接头31连通，此时外界的供气组件将冷却介质通入冷却管32内，冷却介质为高压气体，冷却介质通过冷却管32进入各散热板33内，并通过腔室332均匀的通入各散热流道333内，冷却介质在散热流道333内对电芯20产生的热量进行吸收，再进入容置腔15内，并对电芯20的其他裸露外壁进行散热，最后通过出风口16将冷却介质排出至外界，实现对电芯20的冷却操作。当发生电芯20热失控时，换向件34将消防管35与接头31连通，外界的供气组件将通入的气体由冷却介质转换为阻燃介质，阻燃介质通过接头31与换向件34进入消防管35内，并通过喷头部352喷向电芯20，将火源与氧气分隔进行实现对热失控的控制，避免电芯20继续燃烧。
综上，本实用新型实施例提供一种电池包100，其有益效果在于：
通过在冷却组件30上设置消防管35，在发生火灾时，通过换向件34将消防管35与接头31连通，可以将消防介质直接通入壳体10内，使消防介质直接对电芯20接触，实现从电池包100内部的火源进行灭火处理，有效控制火势发展，提高电池包100使用的安全性。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本实用新型的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对实用新型专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本实用新型的保护范围。因此，本实用新型专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，所述壳体内设置有容置腔；
    至少两个电芯；所述电芯沿第一方向间隔布置在所述容置腔内；
    冷却组件，安装在所述容置腔内；所述冷却组件包括接头、冷却管、散热板、换向件及消防管；所述接头穿设并固定在所述壳体上，所述冷却管与所述接头连接，所述散热板与所述冷却管连接，所述散热板设置在相邻两个所述电芯之间，所述换向件安装在所述冷却管上，所述消防管与所述换向件连接；
    其中，所述冷却管沿第一方向延伸，所述消防管沿第二方向延伸，所述接头连通所述冷却管或所述消防管，并由所述换向件切换所述接头的连通状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述散热板内设置有导入孔、腔室及散热流道；所述导入孔与所述冷却管的内部相连通，所述腔室与所述导入孔相连通，所述散热流道与所述腔室相连通，所述散热流道与所述电芯的设置位置相对应。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述散热流道呈长条状沿第三方向延伸，所述散热流道设置有至少两个，所述散热流道沿第二方向间隔布置在所述散热板内，各所述散热流道均与所述腔室相连通。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述散热流道一端与所述腔室相连通，所述散热流道的另一端穿出所述散热板，以与所述容置腔相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述腔室沿垂直于第一方向的截面形状呈三角形，所述导入孔与所述散热流道分设在所述腔室在第三方向上的相对两侧；
    所述腔室在第二方向上的相对两侧面，沿所述导入孔向所述散热流道方向呈逐渐背离状扩张延伸。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述消防管包括直立部及喷头部；所述直立部的一端与所述换向件连接，所述直立部沿第二方向延伸设置，所述喷头部设置在所述直立部远离所述换向件的一端，所述喷头部自所述直立部向靠近所述电芯方向延伸设置。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述喷头部的横截面尺寸自所述直立部向靠近所述电芯方向逐渐减小。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述电池包还包括固定座；两个所述固定座沿第一方向间隔设置在所述容置腔内，各所述电芯均设置在两个所述固定座之间，并被两个所述固定座夹持固定。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述壳体包括底壳及顶罩；所述顶罩与所述底壳相对接，并围设形成所述容置腔；
    所述底壳与所述顶罩之间设置有密封垫。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的电池包，其特征在于，所述冷却管与所述散热板之间设置有胶圈。
PCT/CN2024/111320 2023-12-14 2024-08-12 电池包 Pending WO2025123733A1 (zh)

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