WO2025123731A1

WO2025123731A1 - Wus resource determinaton

Info

Publication number: WO2025123731A1
Application number: PCT/CN2024/111133
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zhi YAN; Haipeng Lei; Xiaodong Yu; Zhennian SUN
Original assignee: Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Current assignee: Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Priority date: 2024-08-09
Filing date: 2024-08-09
Publication date: 2025-06-19
Anticipated expiration: 2027-02-09

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to a user equipment, a base station, processors, and methods for a wake up signal (WUS) resource determination. In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) receives, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration. The UE determines a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration. The UE determines, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources. The UE monitors a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource. The UE determines, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.

Description

WUS RESOURCE DETERMINATON

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment, a base station, processors, and methods for a wake up signal (WUS) resource determination.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .

Power consumption could be dramatically reduced by using a wake-up signal (WUS) to trigger the wake up of the main radio and a separate receiver (e.g., low power receiver) which has the ability to monitor wake-up signal with ultra-low power consumption. Main radio works for data and/or signaling transmission and reception (e.g., control signal monitoring and paging message receiving) , which can be turned off or set to deep sleep unless it is turned on indicated by wake-up signal. However, there are still some open problems that need to be studied.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support a wake up signal (WUS) resource determination, especially for a user equipment (UE) in idle/inactive states.

In a first aspect of the solution, a user equipment (UE) comprises: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: receive a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration; determine a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration; determine, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; monitor a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and determine, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the group index is one of the following: configured in the WUS configuration; or determined based on a UE identity (ID) of the UE.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the set of one or more WUS resources is determined based on a period of the WUS and a time offset of the WUS.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the UE is caused to determine the at least one WUS resource by: determining a resource index of the set of one or more WUS resources based on a time domain position of the one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the resource index is determined based on one of the following: an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources; or time offsets between the one or more WUS resources and the paging occasion.

Alternatively, in some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the resource index is determined based on a WUS window corresponding to the set of one or more WUS resources, and the resource index is further determined based on an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources within the WUS window.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the association is determined based on a number of UE groups for a WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and the number of UE groups is determined based on the following: a total number of UE groups, a number of WUS resources in the set of one or more WUS resources, a number of WUS beams associated with WUS resources, and a configured number of repetitions for each WUS signal.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the number of WUS resources is determined based on a WUS window for receiving a WUS signal.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the association is determined based on: determining a list of UE groups; and mapping the list of UE groups to the set of one or more WUS resources based on a number of UE groups for each WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the list of UE groups is determined based on one of the following: an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes; an interlaced manner for group indexes; or multiple sub-lists of UE groups, wherein a sub-list of UE groups is based on an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, a first entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a first group index on a first WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and a last entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a last group index on a last WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the association is determined based on one of a cell ID, a frame number, or a slot number.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the list of UE groups is further determined from multiple lists of UE groups based on at least one time domain parameter.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the at least one time domain parameter comprises one or more of a frame number, a subframe number, a slot number, or a paging occasion index.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the group index is determined based on a shifting value for the group index, and the shifting value for the group index is determined based on the following: a random seed, a scaling factor; and a set of one or more numbers of UE groups for the set of one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the user equipment described herein, the random seed comprises one of a paging occasion index, a frame number, a subframe number, or slot number.

In a second aspect of the solution, a base station comprises: a processor; and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: transmit, via the transceiver and to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion; transmit, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; and transmit, via the transceiver and to the UE, a paging message.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the group index is one of the following: configured in the WUS configuration; or determined based on a UE identity (ID) of the UE.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the set of one or more WUS resources is determined based on a period of the WUS and a time offset of the WUS.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the at least one WUS resource is determined based on: determining a resource index of the set of one or more WUS resources based on a time domain position of the one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the resource index is determined based on one of the following: an increasing or decreasing order of least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources; or time offsets between the one or more WUS resources and the paging occasion.

Alternatively, in some implementations of the base station described herein, the resource index is determined based on a WUS window corresponding to the set of one or more WUS resources, and the resource index is further determined based on an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources within the WUS window.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the association is determined based on a number of UE groups for a WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and the number of UE groups is determined based on the following: a total number of UE groups, a number of WUS resources in the set of one or more WUS resources, a number of WUS beams associated with WUS resources, and a configured number of repetitions for each WUS signal.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the number of WUS resources is determined based on a WUS window for transmitting a WUS signal.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the association is determined based on: determining a list of UE groups; and mapping the list of UE groups to the set of one or more WUS resources based on a number of UE groups for each WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the list of UE groups is determined based on one of the following: an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes; an interlaced manner for group indexes; or multiple sub-lists of UE groups, wherein a sub-list of UE groups is based on an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, a first entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a first group index on a first WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and a last entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a last group index on a last WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the association is determined based on one of a cell ID, a frame number, or a slot number.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the list of UE groups is further determined from multiple lists of UE groups based on at least one time domain parameter.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the at least one time domain parameter comprises one or more of a frame number, a subframe number, a slot number, or a paging occasion index.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the group index is determined based on a shifting value for the group index, and the shifting value for the group index is determined based on the following: a random seed; a scaling factor; and a set of one or more numbers of UE groups for the set of one or more WUS resources.

In some implementations of the base station described herein, the random seed comprises one of a paging occasion index, a frame number, a subframe number, or slot number.

In a third aspect of the solution, a processor for wireless communication comprises: at least one memory; and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: receive, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration; determine a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration; determine, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; monitor a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and determine, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.

In a fourth aspect of the solution, a processor for wireless communication comprises: at least one memory; and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion; transmit, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; and transmit, to the UE, a paging message.

In a fifth aspect of the solution, a method performed by a user equipment, the method comprises: receiving, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration; determining a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration; determining, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; monitoring a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and determining, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.

In a sixth aspect of the solution, a method performed by a base station, the method comprises: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion; transmitting, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; and transmitting, to the UE, a paging message.

It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example interaction between a main radio and a separate ultra-low power wake-up receiver within a UE.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example of narrowband internet-of-things (NB-IoT) WUS configuration.

FIG. 2B illustrates an example of enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) WUS configuration.

FIG. 3A illustrates an example of WUS group determination in narrowband internet-of-things (NB-IoT) .

FIG. 3B illustrates an example of WUS group determination in enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) .

FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling procedure for WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5A illustrates an example of WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5B illustrates another example of WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of UE group number determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of UE group list determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of UE group list switch in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of device that support WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of processor that support WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method that support WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method that support WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.

In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and/or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and/or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and/or combinations thereof.

As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G NR, long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.

As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.

As used herein, the term “terminal device” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE) , an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and/or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “terminal device, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.

Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100A that supports WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100A may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100A may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100A may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100A may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.

The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100A. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The one or more UEs 104 (such as UE 104-1 or UE 104-2) may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100A. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100A. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100A.

The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100A.

A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .

In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a CU, a DU, a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.

An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .

Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.

Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .

A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.

The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.

The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .

In the wireless communications system 100A, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100A (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100A, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100A. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

In the wireless communications system 100A, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100A may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example interaction 100B between a main radio 130 and a separate ultra-low power wake-up receiver (e.g., LP-WUR) 140 within a UE 104. As discussed above, the UE 104 needs to periodically wake up once per DRX cycle, which dominates the power consumption in periods with no signaling or data traffic. If the UE 104 are able to wake up only when they are triggered (e.g., triggered by paging) , power consumption could be dramatically reduced. This can be achieved by using a wake-up signal to trigger the wake up of the main radio 130 and a separate receiver 140 which has the ability to monitor wake-up signal with ultra-low power consumption. Main radio 130 works for data and/or signaling transmission and reception (e.g., control signal monitoring and paging message receiving) , which can be turned off or set to deep sleep unless it is turned on. It should be noted that, in the following description, the terms of “MR” and “main radio” may be used interchangeably, the terms of “LP” and “low power receiver/radio” may be used interchangeably, and the terms of “WUS” and “wake-up signal” may be used interchangeably.

The LP-WUS associated parameters are configured by higher layer. The LP-WUS configuration is transmitted to the UE by being included in the system information or being included in a UE specific RRC signaling. The UE monitors the WUS in a first frequency band (e.g., a first carrier, or a first BWP in the first carrier) . Based on the WUS indication (e.g., WUS ON indication) , the UE switches to receive paging message (e.g., in IDLE/INACTIVE states) in a second frequency band (in MR) or switches to DRX ON duration (if DRX configured) or allow UE monitoring control signal (e.g., CONNECTED states) in a second frequency band (in MR) .

UE is further configured with transmission bits or segments for each OFDM symbol. The transmission bits for each OFDM symbol implicitly determine the waveform of WUS. For example, if the transmission bits (i.e., transmission segments) for each OFDM are 1, the waveform of WUS may be a first waveform that transmits a single bit in one OFDM symbol. An example of the first waveform is OOK-1. If the transmission bits for each OFDM symbol are larger than 1, the waveform of WUS may be a second waveform that transmits M (M>1) bits in one OFDM symbol. An example of the second waveform is OOK-4. OOK stands for On-Off Keying.

With regard to WUS generation and structure, WUS can be generated by various methods, e.g., multi-carrier (MC) -OOK. For example, a first waveform (e.g., OOK-1) can be used to generate WUS, where each OFDM symbol carries one-bit information of WUS. For another example, a second waveform (e.g., OOK-4) can be used to generate WUS, where each OFDM symbol carries multiple-bits information of WUS. For example, the OOK-4 may need DFT precoder before mapping the signal to frequency domain.

The sequence of WUS (e.g., OOK-1 or OOK-4) can be generated with random QPSK sequence or ZC sequence. For OOK-1, one bit (e.g., the information bit) is transmitted in each OFDM symbol. It means that two different states, one of which modulates ‘on’ chip and the other of which modulates ‘off’ chip, are mapped to REs. For example, the random QPSK sequence or ZC sequence is mapped to REs to modulate ‘on’ chip in time domain, and zeros are mapped to the REs to modulate ‘off’ chip.

FIG. 2A illustrates an example of narrowband internet-of-things (NB-IoT) WUS configuration, and FIG. 2B illustrates an example of enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) WUS configuration.

In some scenarios, a UE supporting group WUS (GWUS) may be configured to monitor a group WUS and a common WUS. Upon detecting either of them, the UE shall monitor POs. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, for NB-IoT, the E-UTRAN may configure up to two WUS resources (e.g., numbered as WUS 0 and WUS 1) . The timeoffset, g0, from the end of WUS resource numbered as WUS 0 to the start of corresponding PO is determined or configured.

Moreover, when both wus-Config and gwus-Config are present, the WUS resource numbered as WUS 0 may share radio resources with wus-Config. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, the timeoffset from the end of WUS resource numbered as WUS 1 to the start of corresponding PO is a sum of the timeoffset g0 and the maximum WUS duration T_max.

Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 2B, for eMTC, the E-UTRAN may configure up to 4 WUS resources (numbered as 0, 1, 2, 3) .

FIG. 3A illustrates an example of WUS group determination in narrowband internet-of-things (NB-IoT) , and FIG. 3B illustrates an example of WUS group determination in enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) .

As illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, after the UE has determined the applicable gap between the end of WUS resource and associated PO, the UE may determine the WUS group to monitor for each PO and the corresponding timeoffset. The total number of WUS groups (i.e., maxWG as illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B) configured for a gap may be determined based on the following Equation (1) .

In Equation (1) , maxWR is the total number of WUS resources configured for the gap, and numGroupsList [i] is the number of WUS groups configured for WUS resource i (for example, WUS resource 0 and WUS resource 1 as illustrated in FIG. 3A) for the gap (e.g., numGroupsList [i] may be provided in gwus-Config) .

As such, using numGroupsList for the gap, the UE may build the list of WUS groups as an ordered list of pairswhere the first entry corresponds to the first WUS group on the first configured WUS resource, and the last entry corresponds to the last WUS group on the last configured WUS resource.

Thereafter, the UE may select the WUS group to monitor as below.

For bandwidth limited (BL) UE or UE in enhanced coverage, the UE may determines wg with the following Equation (2) .

For NB-IoT, the UE may determines wg with the following Equation (3) .

In Equations (2) and (3) , N_w is the number of WUS groups in the selected WUS group set, wg is the index of the WUS group in the selected WUS group set (i.e., 0, …, N_w -1) .

For NB-IoT and eMTC, the UE group index may be determined by the configured WUS resource (e.g., N_w) . For one example, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, numGroupsList = {2, 4} indicates that the number of groups for each WUS resource (e.g., WUS resource 0, WUS resource 1) may be {2, 4} respectively; and maxWG = 6. For another example, as illsturated in FIG. 3B, numGroupsList = {2, 6, 4, 4} indicates that the number of groups for each WUS resource (e.g., WUS resource 0, WUS resource 1, WUS resource 2, WUS resource 3) may be {2, 6, 4, 4} respectively; and maxWG = 16.

As mentioned above, it can be seen that in eMTC/NB-IoT, the UE group ID is determined after the WUS resource is determined. However, in NR, the subgroup index may be configured by the higher layer parameter directly, for example, subgroup ID = {0, 1, 2, 3.. 7} may be configured by the higher layer or derived by UE ID in Release 17 PEI, which may not be related to the total WUS resource as determined in eMTC/NB-IoT.

Table 1 illustrates the UE group changing and switching among WUS resources for eMTC group WUS. It can be seen from Table 1 that the motivation of UE group changing and switching in eMTC is to solve the following two unfairness conditions.

The first unfairness condition relates to different false alarm probability. That is, when common WUS is configured to be eMTC/NB-IoT WUS in eMTC/NB-IoT WUS resource, the R16 UEs in eMTC/NB-IoT WUS resource may have higher false alarm probability than that the R16 UEs have in the NR WUS resource.

The second unfairness condition relates to different wake up time. That is, R16 UEs in a TDM-ed NR WUS resource may have to wake up earlier than R16 UEs in eMTC/NB-IoT WUS resource.

As illustrated in Table 1, when n=0, at PO#0, the UE in GROUP ID {0, 1, 2, 3} may monitor the WUS sequence at WUS resource 0; at PO#1, the UE in GROUP ID {0, 1, 2, 3} may monitor the WUS sequence at WUS resource 1; at PO#2, the UE in GROUP ID {0, 1, 2, 3} may monitor the WUS sequence at WUS resource 1; and at PO#3, the UE in GROUP ID {0, 1, 2, 3} may monitor the WUS sequence at WUS resource 2. As illustrated in Table 1, for the changing of PO, each PO group index will switch a number of four groups each time.

[Corrected under Rule 26, 03.09.2024]
Table 1. Illustration of UE group changing and switching among WUS resources for eMTC group WUS

For eMTC/NB-IoT, the UE may be required to monitor up to two WUS sequences, one is common WUS, another is UE group WUS. If there are two UE groups in one WUS resource to be waken up, the common WUS is expected to be received to guarantee that all of the UEs will wake up to monitor paging message, although the false alarm rate is higher for some UEs (since the WUS signal and paging message are monitored in the same band, there may be no further power consumption for eMTC/NBIoT) .

For NR, the UE may be required to monitor only one WUS sequence, or only some of the UE groups may be indicated by the WUS signal (e.g., codepoint based WUS indication) . If there are more than one UE group in one WUS resource (corresponding to the PO) to be waken up (e.g., only three UE groups can be waken up at a time) , some of the UE groups may miss the paging message in this PO, so there is a need to randomize the UE groups in one WUS resource to avoid the wake-up collision all the time.

In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution of WUS resource determination, especially for a UE in idle/inactive states. In some embodiments of the proposed solution, at the UE, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration is received, a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration is determined, and at least one WUS resource based on the following is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources. Moreover, a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource is monitored, and based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, it is determined to receive a paging message. By implementing the example embodiments of the present disclosure, a WUS resource determination is provided to trigger one or more UEs to receive a paging message.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling procedure 400 for WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

At 410, a base station 402 may transmit, to a UE 404, a WUS configuration 412, where the base station 402 may be an example of network entity 102 in FIG. 1, and the UE 404 may be an example of UE 104 in FIG. 1. Accordingly, at 414, the UE 404 may receive the WUS configuration 412. At 416, the UE 404 may determine a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration. At 418, the UE 404 may determine, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources.

Thereafter, at 420, the UE 404 may monitor a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource. At 430, the base station 402 may transmit, in the at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal 432 to the UE 404. Accordingly, at 434, the WUS signal 422 may be received by the UE 404 in the at least one WUS resource. At 436, the UE 404 may determine, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal 432, to receive a paging message. At 440, the base station 402 may transmit, to the UE 404, the paging message 442. It should be noted that, the operation 436 may be carried out before the operation 440 or at the same time with the operation 440.

In some implementations, the group index is one of the following: configured in the WUS configuration; or determined based on a UE identity (ID) of the UE. In some implementations, the set of one or more WUS resources is determined based on a period of the WUS and a time offset of the WUS.

In some implementations, the UE may determine the at least one WUS resource by: determining a resource index of the set of one or more WUS resources based on a time domain position of the one or more WUS resources. In some implementations, the resource index is determined based on one of the following: an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources; or time offsets between the one or more WUS resources and the paging occasion.

Alternatively, in some implementations, the resource index is determined based on a WUS window corresponding to the set of one or more WUS resources, and the resource index is further determined based on an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources within the WUS window.

FIG. 5A illustrates an example of WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, and FIG. 5B illustrates another example of WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

As illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, for example, multiple LP-WUS resources (for example, WUS {5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0} in FIG. 5A, WUS {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} in FIG. 5B) are associated with a paging occasion (PO) , the UE may be configured or determined with a first group index, the UE may determine one or more of the multiple LP-WUS resources for WUS monitoring based on the first group index and an association between UE groups and LP-WUS resources. And the multiple LP-WUS resources may be determined by a LP-WUS period and a time offset. For the association between UE groups and LP-WUS resources, the UE determines the LP-WUS resource with a LP-WUS resource index based on a time domain position of the LP-WUS resource (e.g., starting symbol/slot index of the LP-WUS resource corresponding to the PO) .

As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the LP-WUS resource index is determined by an decreasing order of the starting times of the LP-WUS resources, or the LP-WUS resource index is determined by the time offset between the LP-WUS resource and the corresponding paging occasion.

As illustrated in FIG. 5B, the LP-WUS resource index is determined by a corresponding LP-WUS window, and the LP-WUS resource index is started from 0 to N (e.g., N = 4 as illustrated in FIG. 5B) with an increasing/decreasing order of the starting times (e.g., starting slots) of the LP-WUS resources within the LP-WUS window.

Referring back to FIG. 4, in some implementations, the association is determined based on a number of UE groups for a WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and the number of UE groups is determined based on the following: a total number of UE groups, a number of WUS resources in the set of one or more WUS resources, a number of WUS beams associated with WUS resources, and a configured number of repetitions for each WUS signal. In some implementations, the number of WUS resources is determined based on a WUS window for receiving a WUS signal.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of UE group number determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, for the association between UE groups and LP-WUS resources, the UE may determine the UE group number for each LP-WUS resource. The UE group number for each LP-WUS resource may be determined by the following: the total UE group number, the total LP-WUS resource number associated with the paging occasion (PO) , the associated LP-WUS beams number, and the configured repetition number for each WUS signal.

For example, in some cases, the total LP-WUS resource number associated with the corresponding PO (or within a WUS window corresponding to a PO) is N1=8, the total UE group number is N2=16, and the UE group number for each LP-WUS is N1/N2=2. In some other cases, the total LP-WUS resource number is N1=8, the total UE group number is N2=16, the associated LP-WUS beams is N3=4, and the UE group number for each LP-WUS is N2*N3/N1=8.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the total LP-WUS resource number associated with the paging occasion (PO) is determined by a LP-WUS window. In FIG. 6, the total LP-WUS resource number is N1=5, the total UE group number is N2=16, and the UE group number for LP-WUS is ceil {N2/N1} =4 and 3 (if N2 mod N1! =0) . Thus, e.g., UE group number for each LP-WUS is {4, 3, 3, 3, 3} .

Referring back to FIG. 4, in some implementations, the association is determined based on: determining a list of UE groups; and mapping the list of UE groups to the set of one or more WUS resources based on a number of UE groups for each WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources. In some implementations, the list of UE groups is determined based on one of the following: an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes; an interlaced manner for group indexes; or multiple sub-lists of UE groups. In case of multiple sub-lists, a sub-list of UE groups is based on an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes.

Furthermore, in some implementations, a first entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a first group index on a first WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and a last entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a last group index on a last WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of UE group list determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For example, for the association between UE groups and LP-WUS resources, the UE may generate or determine a UE group list based on the UE group indexes, and the UE may map the UE group list to the LP-WUS resources according to the UE group number for each LP-WUS resource. For example, the UE may generate or determine the UE group list from one or more of sequences or orders of the UE group indexes.

In some cases, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, for a first sequence, the UE group list may be based on an increasing order or decreasing order of the UE group indexes, e.g., UE group list 1= {group 1, group 2, …., group N} = {0, 1, 2, 3, …} .

In some other cases, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 7, for a second sequence, the UE group list may be based on an interlaced manner of the UE group indexes, or the UE group list may be based on multiple sub-lists of UE groups and each sub-list of UE group is based on an increasing order or decreasing order of the UE group indexes, e.g., UE group list 2= { {group 2n-1} {group 2n} } = {0, 2, 4, 6, …, 1, 3, 5, 7, …} .

Moreover, the first entry of the UE group list is mapped to the first WUS group on the first configured WUS resource, and the last entry corresponds to the last WUS group on the last configured WUS resource.

Referring back to FIG. 4, in some implementations, the association is determined based on one of a cell ID, a frame number, or a slot number. In some implementations, the list of UE groups is further determined from multiple lists of UE groups based on at least one time domain parameter. In some implementations, the at least one time domain parameter comprises one or more of a frame number, a subframe number, a slot number, or a paging occasion index. For example, when the cell ID is odd, UE group list 1= {0, 1, 2, 3, …} may be used; when the cell ID is even, UE group list 2= {0, 2, 4, 6, ..., 1, 3, 5, 7, ... } may be used. Alternatively, when the frame number is odd, UE group list 1= {0, 1, 2, 3, …} may be used; when the frame number is even, UE group list 2= {0, 2, 4, 6, ..., 1, 3, 5, 7, ... } may be used.

In some implementations, the group index is determined based on a shifting value for the group index, and the shifting value for the group index is determined based on the following: a random seed, a scaling factor; and a set of one or more numbers of UE groups for the set of one or more WUS resources. In some implementations, the random seed comprises one of a paging occasion index, a frame number, a subframe number, or slot number.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of UE group list switch in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For example, the association between UE groups and LP-WUS resources may be determined by the cell ID or frame number or slot number. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the UE group list may switch among multiple determined UE group lists based on the frame number, e.g., the UE group list may switch every paging occasion (or paging period) .

In some cases, the first group index mentioned above may be determined by a UE group index shifting value, and the UE group index shifting value may be determined by a random seed (e.g., the paging occasion index, the frame number, the subframe number, or the slot number) , a scaling factor, and UE group numbers for each LP-WUS.

For example, the first group index may be determined with the following Equation (4) .

In Equations (4) , T_cell is the default DRX cycle for the cell, SFN is the SFN corresponding to the PO, H-SFN is the H-SFN corresponding to the PO, maxWG is the total number of WUS groups configured in numGroupsList for the gap. In some cases, G_SFN is the random UE group index shifting value ranging from 1 to maximal of WUS group number amongst all WUS resources for the PO, which may be determined by the frame number, the subframe number, PO index, Cell ID etc.

In some other cases, G_SFN is a scaling factor of the maximal or minimum of WUS group number amongst all WUS resources for the PO, and the scaling factor is configured by higher layer.

Moreover, in Equations (4) , WG_current is the index of the WUS group (WG) to monitor for the current PO, and WG_initial is the index of the WUS group (WG) .

Table 2 illustrates the UE group changing/alternation among WUS resources with fixed group index shift value of 4, and Table 3 illustrates the UE group changing/alternation among WUS resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. It can be seen that, for NR, there is no need to configure different UE groups for different WUS (there is no legacy common WUS for compatibility issue, there is not much difference for gap between WUS and paging occasion) , if we adopt the similar UE alternation method, it may not achieve similar effect.

[Corrected under Rule 26, 03.09.2024]
Table 2. Illustration of UE group changing/alternation among WUS resources with fixed group index shift value of 4

[Corrected under Rule 26, 03.09.2024]
Table 3. Illustration of UE group changing/alternation among WUS resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device 900 that supports WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 900 may be an example of a UE 104-1 as described herein. The device 900 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 900 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 902, a memory 904, a transceiver 906, and, optionally, an I/O controller 908. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .

The processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.

In some implementations, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 902 and the memory 904 coupled with the processor 902 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 902, instructions stored in the memory 904) .

For example, the processor 902 may support wireless communication at the device 900 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support means for receiving, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration; means for determining a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration; means for determining, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; means for monitoring a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and means for determining, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.

The processor 902 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 902 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 902. The processor 902 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 904) to cause the device 900 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

The memory 904 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 902 cause the device 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 902 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 904 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The I/O controller 908 may manage input and output signals for the device 900. The I/O controller 908 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I/O controller 908 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I/O controller 908 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I/O controller 908 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 906. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 900 via the I/O controller 908 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 908.

In some implementations, the device 900 may include a single antenna 910. However, in some other implementations, the device 900 may have more than one antenna 910 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 906 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 910, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 906 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 906 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 910 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 910. The transceiver 906 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.

A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 910 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 910 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor 1000 that supports WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may include a controller 1002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may optionally include at least one memory 1004, such as L1/L2/L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1000. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .

The processor 1000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .

The controller 1002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations of a base station in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

The controller 1002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1004. The controller 1002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1000. The controller 1002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1000.

The memory 1004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .

The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1000, cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1002 and/or the processor 1000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1000 and/or the controller 1002 may be coupled with or to the memory 1004, and the processor 1000, the controller 1002, and the memory 1004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1000 may include multiple processors and the memory 1004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

The one or more ALUs 1000 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1000 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1000 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . One or more ALUs 1000 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1000 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1000 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1000 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1000 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

The processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion; means for transmitting, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources; and means for transmitting, to the UE, a paging message.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1110, the method may include receiving, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

At 1120, the method may include determining a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

At 1130, the method may include determining, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources. The operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

At 1140, the method may include monitoring a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource. The operations of 1140 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1140 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

At 1150, the method may include determining, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message. The operations of 1150 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1150 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports WUS resource determination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a base station as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At 1210, the method may include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

At 1220, the method may include transmitting, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following: a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and an association between UE groups and WUS resources. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

At 1230, the method may include transmitting, to the UE, a paging message. The operations of 1230 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1230 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.

As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on”shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A user equipment (UE) , comprising:

at least one memory; and

at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:

receive a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration;

determine a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration;

determine, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following:

a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and

an association between UE groups and WUS resources;

monitor a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and

determine, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the group index is one of the following:

configured in the WUS configuration; or

determined based on a UE identity (ID) of the UE.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the set of one or more WUS resources is determined based on a period of the WUS and a time offset of the WUS.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is caused to determine the at least one WUS resource by:

determining a resource index of the set of one or more WUS resources based on a time domain position of the one or more WUS resources.
The UE of claim 4, wherein the resource index is determined based on one of the following:

an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources; or

time offsets between the one or more WUS resources and the paging occasion.
The UE of claim 4, wherein the resource index is determined based on a WUS window corresponding to the set of one or more WUS resources, and the resource index is further determined based on an increasing or decreasing order of at least one starting time of the one or more WUS resources within the WUS window.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the association is determined based on a number of UE groups for a WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and the number of UE groups is determined based on the following:

a total number of UE groups,

a number of WUS resources in the set of one or more WUS resources,

a number of WUS beams associated with WUS resources, and

a configured number of repetitions for each WUS signal.
The UE of claim 7, wherein the number of WUS resources is determined based on a WUS window for receiving a WUS signal.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the association is determined based on:

determining a list of UE groups; and

mapping the list of UE groups to the set of one or more WUS resources based on a number of UE groups for each WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.
The UE of claim 9, wherein the list of UE groups is determined based on one of the following:

an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes;

an interlaced manner for group indexes; or

multiple sub-lists of UE groups, wherein a sub-list of UE groups is based on an increasing or decreasing order of group indexes.
The UE of claim 9, wherein a first entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a first group index on a first WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources, and a last entry of the list of UE groups is mapped to a last group index on a last WUS resource among the set of one or more WUS resources.
The UE of claim 9, wherein the association is determined based on one of a cell ID, a frame number, or a slot number.
The UE of claim 12, wherein the list of UE groups is further determined from multiple lists of UE groups based on at least one time domain parameter.
The UE of claim 13, wherein the at least one time domain parameter comprises one or more of a frame number, a subframe number, a slot number, or a paging occasion index.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the group index is determined based on a shifting value for the group index, and the shifting value for the group index is determined based on the following:

a random seed,

a scaling factor; and

a set of one or more numbers of UE groups for the set of one or more WUS resources.
The UE of claim 15, wherein the random seed comprises one of a paging occasion index, a frame number, a subframe number, or slot number.
A base station, comprising:

a processor; and

a transceiver coupled to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to:

transmit, via the transceiver and to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion;

transmit, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following:

a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and

an association between UE groups and WUS resources; and

transmit, via the transceiver and to the UE, a paging message.
A processor for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one memory; and

a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:

receive, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration;

determine a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration;

determine, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following:

a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and

an association between UE groups and WUS resources;

monitor a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and

determine, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.
A processor for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one memory; and

a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:

transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration, wherein the WUS configuration comprises a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion;

transmit, in at least one WUS resource, a WUS signal to the UE, wherein the at least one WUS resource is determined among the set of one or more WUS resources based on the following:

a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and

an association between UE groups and WUS resources; and

transmit, to the UE, a paging message.
A method performed by a user equipment, the method comprising:

receiving, from a base station, a wake-up signal (WUS) configuration;

determining a set of one or more WUS resources associated with a paging occasion based on the WUS configuration;

determining, among the set of one or more WUS resources, at least one WUS resource based on the following:

a group index of an UE group associated with the UE, and

an association between UE groups and WUS resources;

monitoring a WUS signal in the at least one WUS resource; and

determining, based on a wake-up indication of the WUS signal, to receive a paging message.