WO2025119079A1 - 一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统 - Google Patents

一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025119079A1
WO2025119079A1 PCT/CN2024/135457 CN2024135457W WO2025119079A1 WO 2025119079 A1 WO2025119079 A1 WO 2025119079A1 CN 2024135457 W CN2024135457 W CN 2024135457W WO 2025119079 A1 WO2025119079 A1 WO 2025119079A1
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Prior art keywords
passive
internet
things
information
management node
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韦安妮
李源
曹艳艳
马帅
肖善鹏
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China Mobile Communications Group Co Ltd
Research Institute of China Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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China Mobile Communications Group Co Ltd
Research Institute of China Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025119079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025119079A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an information transmission method, related equipment and an information transmission system.
  • Passive IoT uses sensors with passive backscattering technology to convert available wireless signals around into energy for its own work through internal wireless acquisition modules, and uses backscattering technology to achieve information transmission. Backscattering technology modulates the data to be sent onto the input radio frequency signal to achieve data transmission.
  • a passive IoT system includes a passive device (e.g., a passive tag), a read-write device (e.g., a reader/writer), and an excitation source, wherein the passive device receives and sends information by relying on an excitation signal emitted by the excitation source, and the excitation source and the read-write device can be separate or combined.
  • the read-write device simultaneously transmits an excitation signal and receives a reflected signal through a dedicated spectrum, and the communication distance is relatively short.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide an information transmission method, related equipment and an information transmission system to solve the problem of short communication distance of the existing passive Internet of Things system.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an information transmission method, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node transmits information related to the passive Internet of Things through the target network interface
  • the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device
  • the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node
  • the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the present disclosure also provides an information transmission method, including:
  • the access network device transmits passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.
  • the present disclosure also provides an information transmission method, including:
  • the target node transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;
  • the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the present disclosure also provides a passive Internet of Things management node, including:
  • a first transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things through a target network interface
  • the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device
  • the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node
  • the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an access network device, including:
  • the second transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a target node, including:
  • a third transceiver module is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;
  • the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an information transmission system, including a passive device, an access network device, a passive Internet of Things management node, a target node, and a target network interface;
  • the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device
  • the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node
  • the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a communication device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps in the method provided in the first aspect above, or implements the steps in the method provided in the second aspect above, or implements the steps in the method provided in the third aspect above.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored.
  • a computer program is stored.
  • a passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element, that is, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the access network device through the first network interface, and/or, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the target node through the second network interface, so that the passive Internet of Things related information can be transmitted through the cellular network, which is beneficial to improving the communication distance of the passive Internet of Things system; in addition, since the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted directly through the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device and/or the interface between the passive
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an RFID system provided by the related art
  • FIG2 is a flowchart of tag inventory and reading and writing provided by the related art
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system architecture provided by the related art.
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an information transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG6a is a schematic diagram of a protocol stack between a tag and a passive Internet of Things server provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG6 b is a schematic diagram of a protocol stack between a label and a NEF provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a GTP message header provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG8 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG9 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG10 is a flowchart of passive device registration provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG11 is a flowchart of a passive service processing provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG12 is one of the structural diagrams of the passive Internet of Things management node provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG13 is a structural diagram of an access network device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG14 is one of the structural diagrams of the target node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG15 is a second structural diagram of a passive Internet of Things management node provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG16 is a second structural diagram of an access network device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 is a second structural diagram of the target node provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Internet of Things has developed rapidly and has been widely used, such as smart cities, smart homes, autonomous driving, and drones.
  • the Internet of Things is based on the idea that everything can be connected to the Internet, with the ultimate goal of realizing the interconnection of all things.
  • sensors are generally powered by their own batteries, and the battery capacity is limited, which leads to the need to frequently replace batteries to ensure the normal operation of sensors.
  • sensor nodes need to be installed (inside walls or household appliances) or deployed in remote areas or dangerous areas.
  • the salient feature of the passive Internet of Things is that the sensor using passive backscattering technology converts the available wireless signals around into energy for its own work through the internal wireless acquisition module, and uses backscattering technology to achieve information transmission of the target node.
  • Backscattering technology is to modulate the data to be sent onto the input radio frequency signal to achieve data transmission.
  • backscattering technology based on point-to-point communication has been widely used in passive Internet of Things, such as high-frequency access control, bank cards, etc.
  • the goal of the Internet of Things is to realize the interconnection of all things and to achieve multiple functions, which requires the Internet of Things to have a larger communication capacity, faster communication rate, longer communication range and a wider range of equipment (miniaturization).
  • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology based on ultra-high frequency has greatly expanded the practicality of traditional backscattering communication, such as communication distance to 10m, transmission rate 100kbit/s, node density 100 per square meter, and cost 0.1 yuan.
  • the traditional RFID system can be shown in Figure 1. Its basic working process is as follows: the reader sends a radio frequency excitation signal to activate the passive electronic tag.
  • the electronic tag uses backscatter communication technology to modulate its own information onto the radio frequency signal.
  • the reader receives the reflected signal of the electronic tag and demodulates it, thereby realizing information transmission between the reader and the electronic tag.
  • the excitation signal can be sent using an exciter.
  • the passive tag inventory process can count which tags are currently within the coverage of the reader.
  • the tag inventory process may include but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step 1a the reader receives the inventory command from the passive Internet of Things server, generates a Select command, and sends the Select command to the excitation source, where the Select command carries the identification information of the tag to be counted.
  • the inventory command can be sent by the passive IoT server to the middleware, and then sent by the middleware to the reader/writer.
  • Step 1b After receiving the Select command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and sends a Select command to the tag.
  • the excitation source needs to send an excitation signal to the tag before sending information to the tag, so that the tag receives and sends information based on the received excitation signal.
  • Step 2a The reader sends a query command to the stimulus source.
  • Step 2b After receiving the Query command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and sends a Query command to the tag.
  • Step 3 After listening to the Select command, the tag determines whether it belongs to the tag to be counted (such as determining whether its identification information is included in the identification information of the tag to be counted carried by the Select command); if included, the tag will feedback a random number (such as RN16) to the reader after subsequently listening to the Query command, for example, by feedbacking the random number RN16 to the reader through competition; if not, the tag may not take any subsequent action.
  • a random number such as RN16
  • Step 4a After receiving the random number, the reader sends an ACK command to the stimulus source, and the ACK command carries the random number.
  • Step 4b The excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag and forwards the ACK command to the tag.
  • Step 5 After receiving the ACK command, the tag verifies whether the random number in the ACK command is the same as the random number it feedbacks. If they are the same, the tag sends its tag information and the random number to the reader. After the reader receives the random number and the tag's identification information, it knows that the tag is within the coverage of the reader, thus completing the inventory process.
  • the tag reading and writing process can write or read the tag. If it is a write operation, the data will be written to the tag's storage area; if it is a read operation, the data in the tag's storage area will be read. It should be noted that the tag must be counted first, and the handle must be obtained before the tag can be read and written. As shown in Figure 2, the tag reading and writing process may include but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step 6a the reader sends a Req_RN command to the excitation source.
  • the Req_RN command carries the random number RN16 previously received by the reader.
  • the Req_RN command carries the random number RN16, indicating that a read or write operation needs to be performed on the tag that sent the random number RN16.
  • Step 6b After receiving the Req_RN command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag, and sends the Req_RN command to the tag.
  • Step 7 After receiving the Req_RN command, the tag verifies whether the random number in the Req_RN command is the same as the random number fed back by itself. If they are the same, it means that the reader needs to perform a read or write operation on itself, and the tag sends a handle to the reader.
  • the handle can be used to establish a connection between the tag and the excitation source, and the specific form of the handle can be a random number, an object or a pointer.
  • Step 8a The reader sends a read command or a write command to the excitation source, and the read command or the write command carries the handle fed back by the tag. If it is a write command, it also carries the data to be written into the tag storage area.
  • Step 8b After receiving the read command or write command, the excitation source sends an excitation signal to the tag, and sends the read command or write command to the tag.
  • Step 9 If the instructions in step 8a and step 8b are read instructions, the tag sends the data in its storage area to the reader and writer, and carries the handle. It should be noted that the inventory and reading and writing of tags in Figure 2 are only for example. In other implementations, the tags can only be inventoried without reading and writing.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a 5G system architecture. The meanings of the various nodes shown in the figure are as follows:
  • (R)AN access network equipment
  • UPF User plane Function, user plane function equipment
  • the 5G control plane adopts a service-based architecture.
  • the control plane network elements include AUSF, AMF, SMF, NSSF, NEF, NRF, PCF, UDM and AF.
  • AMF Mobility Management Function, mobility management function
  • SMF Session Management Function, session management function
  • PCF Policy Control function, policy control function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • unified database Complete functions such as user contract data management, authentication information generation, mobility management, short message routing, etc.
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function, authentication server function. Provides authentication related functions.
  • NSSF The Network Slice Selection Function, network slice selection function.
  • NEF Network Exposure Function, network exposure function.
  • NRF NF Repository Function, network storage function.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the 5G system architecture, which includes terminal equipment, access network (AN) equipment, core network elements and data network (DN).
  • terminal equipment can be called user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device.
  • Terminal equipment can be a device that provides voice/data connectivity to users, such as handheld devices with wireless connection function, vehicle-mounted devices, etc.
  • terminals can be: mobile phones, tablet computers, computers with wireless transceiver functions (such as laptops, PDAs, etc.), mobile Internet devices (Mobile Internet Device, MID), virtual reality (Virtual Reality, VR) equipment, augmented reality (Augmented Reality, AR) equipment, wireless terminals in industrial control (Industrial Control), wireless terminals in self-driving (Self Driving), wireless terminals in remote medical (Remote Medical), wireless terminals in smart grid (Smart Grid), wireless terminals in transportation safety (Transportation Safety), etc.
  • the terminal device may be a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network, or a terminal device in a future Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN).
  • the terminal device may also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the terminal device may also include sensors such as smart printers, train detectors, and gas stations.
  • the main functions include collecting data (part of the terminal device), receiving control information and downlink data from the network device, and sending electromagnetic waves to transmit uplink data to the network device.
  • the terminal device can be any device that can access the network.
  • the terminal device and the access network device can communicate with each other using a certain air interface technology.
  • the UE can be used to act as a base station.
  • the UE can act as a scheduling entity that provides sidelink signals between UEs in the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or device-to-device (D2D).
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • D2D device-to-device
  • cellular phones and cars communicate with each other using sidelink signals.
  • Cellular phones and smart home devices communicate without relaying communication signals through base stations.
  • the core network is responsible for maintaining the subscription data of the mobile network and providing UEs with functions such as session management, mobility management, policy management, and security authentication.
  • the core network may include but is not limited to the following network elements: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF).
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • AUSF Authentication Server Function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • AMF network element the termination point of Non-access Stratum (NAS) signaling, is mainly responsible for user access authentication and mobility management.
  • the terminal device and AMF can communicate through N1NAS messages, and the communication messages between the terminal device and AMF can also be transferred through RAN's N2 messages.
  • RAN and AMF communicate through N2 messages.
  • the AUSF network element has an authentication service function and is used to process authentication requests for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access and non-3Gpp access.
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • UDM network element used to manage user contract information and complete user authentication and authorization.
  • the SMF network element is responsible for session management, such as establishing and deleting user sessions, maintaining the protocol data unit (PDU) session context and user plane forwarding pipe information, etc.
  • session management such as establishing and deleting user sessions, maintaining the protocol data unit (PDU) session context and user plane forwarding pipe information, etc.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • UPF network element used to process user messages, such as forwarding and billing.
  • DN is used to provide business services for terminal devices. It can be a private network, such as a local area network; it can be an external network that is not controlled by the operator, such as the Internet; it can also be a proprietary network jointly deployed by operators, for example, a network that provides an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS).
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • the above-mentioned core network may also include application functions (Application Function, AF), network storage functions (NF Repository Function, NRF), network slice selection functions (Network Slice Selection Function, NSSF), etc.
  • Application Function Application Function
  • NRF Network Repository Function
  • NSSF Network Slice Selection Function
  • the terminal device can access the DN through the established PDU session.
  • the network architecture diagram shown in Figure 3 also includes interfaces between various network elements.
  • N2 represents the interface between the AMF network element and the RAN device.
  • the above network elements or devices can still use their names in 4G or 5G communication systems, or have other names; the functions of the above network elements or devices can be completed by an independent network element or by several network elements.
  • the network elements in the core network can be combined.
  • the mobility management network element can be combined with the session management network element; the session management network element can be combined with the user plane network element; the network slice selection function network element, the policy control network element, and the unified data management network element can be combined.
  • the existing cellular network registration authentication verification process for terminal devices of the cellular network most of the business processes need to initiate a session connection, and the business transmission is based on the session connection.
  • the process is relatively complicated and not suitable for the management of massive passive tags and passive business transmission.
  • the current industry research on the integration of passive Internet of Things and cellular networks is still in the demand research stage.
  • There is no standardized or commercial cellular passive architecture and business processing process and there is no different system architecture solution design corresponding to different deployment scenarios. Different from the wide area scenario, for localized deployment scenarios, such as inventory and management of identification objects in a fixed area, it is more necessary to simplify the device registration authentication process and business processing process based on a lightweight cellular passive network architecture.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a system architecture that integrates passive Internet of Things technology and cellular systems, adds new cellular passive management functions and Np1 interface and NP2 interface to this architecture, and proposes a business processing flow for cellular passive device registration and business based on this architecture.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in FIG. 4 , the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 The passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface
  • the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device
  • the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node
  • the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the above-mentioned passive Internet of Things management node is used for passive device management (such as registration, authentication, passive device capability activation and management, etc.) and passive service management (such as passive service access permission management, passive service command processing, active periodic inventory, etc.), wherein the above-mentioned passive device can also be called a response device, for example, a passive tag.
  • the above passive Internet of Things management node may be an independently set network node, for example, the above passive Internet of Things management node may be an independently set cellular passive management function; or, the above passive Internet of Things management node may be a network node co-set with other nodes, for example, the cellular passive management function and the network exposure function (NEF) network element are co-set, or the cellular passive management function and the AMF network element, or the cellular passive management function UPF network element are co-set, or the cellular passive management function and the access network device are co-set, etc.
  • NEF network exposure function
  • the interaction between the two network elements provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure becomes the internal operation of the co-set network element or can be omitted; when the cellular passive management function and the access network device are co-set, the first network interface may be the internal interface of the network element.
  • the above-mentioned first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, and is used to transmit passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device. It can be understood that when the access network device receives the passive Internet of Things related information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the passive Internet of Things related information can be sent to the passive device; when the access network device receives the passive Internet of Things related information sent by the passive device, the passive Internet of Things related information can be sent to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface.
  • the above-mentioned first network interface can also be called Np1 interface.
  • the above-mentioned access network device can be used as a read-write device, and in some optional embodiments, the above-mentioned access network device can also be used as an excitation source.
  • the application layer protocol of the above-mentioned first network interface can use existing protocols, such as General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol (GTP), Next Generation Application Protocol (NG-AP), Low Level Reader Protocol (LLRP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT), etc.; or, a newly defined protocol can also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • GTP General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol
  • NG-AP Next Generation Application Protocol
  • LLRP Low Level Reader Protocol
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport Protocol
  • the transport layer protocol of the above-mentioned first network interface can use existing protocols, such as Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), etc.; or, a newly defined protocol can also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and is used to transmit passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node.
  • the second network interface may also be referred to as an Np2 interface.
  • the application layer protocol of the above-mentioned second network interface can use existing protocols, such as application layer events (Application Level Event, ALE), HTTP, MQTT, etc.; or, a newly defined protocol can also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • application layer events Application Level Event, ALE
  • HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • MQTT MQTT
  • ALE Application Level Event
  • a newly defined protocol can also be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the transport layer protocol of the second network interface may use an existing protocol, such as TCP, UDP, etc.; or, a newly defined protocol may be used, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the network open network element is used to forward the passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the passive Internet of Things server. That is, the network open network element forwards the passive Internet of Things related information received from the passive Internet of Things server to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, and forwards the passive Internet of Things related information received from the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface to the passive Internet of Things server.
  • the passive Internet of Things server can also be called a passive service platform or a passive service server, etc.
  • the above-mentioned passive Internet of Things related information may include but is not limited to passive device management related information (for example, network registration request messages of passive devices, network registration response messages, passive device authentication and certification related information, etc.), passive service related information (for example, passive service instructions, passive service responses, etc.), etc.
  • passive device management related information for example, network registration request messages of passive devices, network registration response messages, passive device authentication and certification related information, etc.
  • passive service related information for example, passive service instructions, passive service responses, etc.
  • the disclosed embodiment can be applied to the information transmission system as shown in FIG5 , wherein the information transmission system can also be referred to as a cellular passive network system.
  • the network side of the information transmission system includes, in addition to the existing cellular network side equipment, such as RAN, UPF, AMF, NEF, etc., a cellular passive management function, an Np1 interface, and an Np2 interface.
  • passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted between RAN and the cellular passive management function via the Np1 interface
  • passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted between the cellular passive management function and the passive service server via the Np2 interface.
  • Each tag can no longer receive downlink passive Internet of Things related information through a dedicated spectrum, but can receive downlink passive Internet of Things information from RAN through an air interface (e.g., a cellular air interface); accordingly, the uplink passive Internet of Things related information sent by the tag can be sent to RAN through an air interface (e.g., a passive Internet of Things air interface).
  • an air interface e.g., a cellular air interface
  • the passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element, that is, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the access network device through the first network interface, and/or, the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the target node through the second network interface, so that the passive Internet of Things related information can be transmitted through the cellular network, which is beneficial to improving the communication distance of the passive Internet of Things system; in addition, since the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted directly through the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device and/or the interface between the passive Internet of Things management
  • the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.
  • At least one of the application layer protocol and the transport layer protocol of the above-mentioned first network interface is implemented using an existing protocol, which can simplify the difficulty of designing the above-mentioned first network interface while ensuring the rapid transmission of passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.
  • the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.
  • At least one of the application layer protocol and the transport layer protocol of the above-mentioned second network interface is implemented using an existing protocol, which can simplify the difficulty of designing the above-mentioned second network interface while ensuring the rapid transmission of passive Internet of Things related information between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node.
  • the application layer protocol of the first network interface may also be referred to as a Passive Internet of Things Management (PIoT-M) protocol.
  • the application layer protocol of the second network interface may also be referred to as a Passive Internet of Things Application (PIoT-Application, PIoT-App) protocol.
  • the protocol stack between the tag and the passive IoT server can be as shown in FIG6a.
  • the protocol stack between the tag and the network open network element can be as shown in FIG6b.
  • the target network interface includes the first network interface;
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives a network registration request message sent by the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information of the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface.
  • the above-mentioned network registration request message can be used to request network registration of one or more passive devices, and the network registration request message can include at least one of the information of the passive device and the passive service-related capability information of the access network device.
  • the above-mentioned information of the passive device may include information such as the identification of the passive device and the type of the passive device.
  • the above-mentioned passive service-related capability information of the access network device is used to indicate the passive service-related capability of the access network device, for example, it may include indication information of whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device, the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device, etc. It can be understood that in the case where the above-mentioned network registration request message is used to request network registration of multiple passive devices, the above-mentioned network registration request message may include information of multiple passive devices, for example, the identification of multiple passive devices.
  • the following is an example of the first network interface using different application layer protocols to transmit a network registration request message:
  • HTTP2.0 protocol an implementation example of the HTTP message may be as follows:
  • Tag information (such as tag type, tag ID, etc.);
  • Version number used to determine the version of the GTP protocol, converted into decimal representation
  • Protocol Type used to distinguish between GTP (set to '1') and GTP' (set to '0') protocols;
  • the S flag should be set to '1' in the GTP-C message;
  • N-PDU number flag set to '1' to indicate that there is an N-PDU number field, set to '0' to indicate that there is either no N-PDU number field, or there is but no explanation is required. This flag is only meaningful for GTP-U, so GTP-C does not use this flag;
  • This field indicates the type of GTP message
  • This field indicates the payload length in bytes, i.e., the length of the remaining portion of the packet excluding the mandatory part of the GTP header (i.e., excluding the first 8 bytes);
  • Tunnel Endpoint Identifier This field clearly identifies the tunnel endpoint in the GTP-U or GTP-C protocol entity at the other end.
  • Sequence Number This field is optional in GTP-U.
  • the sequence number is used for transaction identification.
  • this field is used to number the T-PDUs, and the sequence number value is increased for each T-PDU transmitted;
  • N-PDU Number This field is used in the routing area update process between SGSNs and in some inter-system handover processes (such as handover between 2G and 3G wireless access networks).
  • this field is used to coordinate the data transmission between them. The exact meaning of this field depends on the usage scenario. For example, from Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/GPRS to GSM/GRPS, this field is the Subnetwork Dependence Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) N-PDU number.
  • the network registration request message is carried in a GTP message, and the message type or the next extension header type of the GTP message includes a first message type, and the first message type is used to indicate that the GTP message is a network registration request message of a passive device.
  • a message type may be added to the "message type" field or the "next extension header type” field of the above GTP message to indicate that the message is used by the access network device to send a network registration request message of a passive device to the cellular passive management function.
  • the message body of the above GTP message may carry information about the passive device (such as tag type, tag ID, etc.) and passive service capability information of the RAN.
  • the cellular passive management function tunnel identifier may be pre-configured in the RAN, or sent to the RAN through other core network elements such as AMF, SMF, PCF, UDM, etc.
  • the network registration response message may be used to indicate whether the network registration is successful or failed.
  • the network registration response message may include indication information of the state of the passive device.
  • the above-mentioned network registration request message may also be called a registration request message or an activation request message, etc.
  • the above-mentioned network registration response message may also be called a registration response message or an activation response message, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives a network registration request message sent by the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes information of the passive device and at least one of passive service-related capability information of the access network device; and sends a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface to realize network registration of the passive device.
  • the relevant information of the network registration of the passive device is directly transmitted between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device through the first network interface, compared with forwarding the relevant information of the network registration of the passive device through network elements such as AMF or UPF, this can simplify the network registration process of the passive device and improve the efficiency of the network registration process of the passive device.
  • the access network device may send the above network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node via the AMF network element.
  • the above network registration request message may be carried in the NAS message sent by the RAN to the cellular network, that is, the NAS registration request message, and sent to the AMF network element through the AN message of the access network device, and then sent by the AMF network element to the cellular passive management function.
  • the intermediate device for example, a relay device or a terminal
  • one or more of the passive tag registration indication information, tag identification information, tag type, label mobility characteristics, RAN identification and other information may also be carried in the NAS registration request message at the same time.
  • the above NAS registration request message may also carry the passive Internet of Things server identification (including fully qualified domain name (Fully Qualified Domain Name, FQDN), IP address, tunnel ID, etc.) information.
  • the access network device can determine whether to send the above-mentioned network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, or to send the above-mentioned network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the AMF network element based on information such as the current application scenario or business requirements.
  • the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identification of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;
  • the passive service related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.
  • the identification of the passive device may include but is not limited to at least one of a temporary identification, a permanent identification, a globally unique identification, etc.
  • the type of the passive device may include at least one of a manufacturer, a commodity type, a mobile type, etc.
  • the mobility characteristics of the passive device are used to reflect the mobility of the passive device, for example, high mobility, low mobility, fixed position, etc.
  • Whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device can be understood as whether the access network device can be used as a reading and writing device.
  • Information about the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device for example, at least one of the types of passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, the identification of the served passive devices, and the range of the served passive devices.
  • the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device for example, the area covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device, that is, supporting reading and writing of passive devices within the area.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can more accurately manage the passive device and passive services.
  • the method further includes:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node obtains a passive device management strategy
  • the passive Internet of Things management node determines whether to allow the passive device to register with the network according to the passive device management policy.
  • the above passive device management policy is used to manage passive devices.
  • the passive device management policy can be configured for each access network device, or a set of passive device management policies can be configured for all access network devices, that is, the configured passive device management policy is applicable to all access network devices. For example, a certain type of passive device is not authenticated, or a passive device indicated by a passive message received from a certain type of access network device is not authenticated, or only a certain type of passive device is authenticated, etc.
  • the passive device management strategy includes the following: not authenticating the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, and providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device.
  • the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device for example, the passive device identified by the passive device identifier included in the passive message obtained from the access network device.
  • the passive message can be understood as a message related to the passive Internet of Things, for example, a network registration request message of a passive device.
  • the above-mentioned non-authentication of the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device can be understood as the passive Internet of Things management node does not authenticate the passive device indicated by the passive message received from the access network device, that is, does not provide management services for it.
  • the above-mentioned provision of management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device can be understood as the passive Internet of Things management node providing management services to all passive devices indicated by the passive message received by the access network device.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can determine whether to allow the passive device to register with the network based on the passive device management policy. For example, when the above-mentioned passive device management policy is to not authenticate the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, the passive Internet of Things management node determines that the passive device is not allowed to register with the network. In this case, a response that the passive device is not allowed to register with the network can be fed back to the access network device; in the above-mentioned case of providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, the passive Internet of Things management node determines that the passive device is allowed to register with the network. In this case, the passive Internet of Things management node can register the status of the above-mentioned passive device and feed back a network registration response message to the access network device.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node determines whether to allow the passive device to register with the network according to the passive device management policy, which can improve the convenience of passive device management.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node obtains a passive device management policy, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node obtains a pre-configured passive device management strategy
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive device management policy sent by the first core network node;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node may be pre-configured with a passive device management policy, so that the pre-configured passive device management policy may be directly read at a faster speed.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can receive the passive device management policy sent by the first core network node, wherein the above-mentioned first core network node may include but is not limited to AMF, SMF, UDM, PCF or operator network system, etc., which is conducive to improving the flexibility of passive device management policy configuration.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can receive the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can receive the passive device management policy sent by the passive Internet of Things server through a second network interface, which is conducive to the acquired passive device management policy being able to better meet the needs of passive services.
  • the target network interface includes the second network interface;
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes: passive service instructions;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node transmits passive Internet of Things related information through the target network interface, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction.
  • the passive service instructions may include operation instructions such as inventory, positioning, reading and writing.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instructions. For example, the passive Internet of Things management node may forward the passive service instructions to the access network device, or the passive Internet of Things management node may directly feedback the passive service processing results to the passive Internet of Things server based on the passive service instructions.
  • the passive service instructions may also be called passive Internet of Things instructions or passive instructions.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node directly receives the passive service instructions sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, and processes the passive service instructions without establishing a PDU session connection, which can simplify the processing flow of passive services and thus improve the efficiency of passive service processing.
  • the passive Internet of Things server sends a passive service instruction to the passive Internet of Things management node, which can be forwarded to the passive Internet of Things management node through NEF processing.
  • the passive Internet of Things server determines which passive Internet of Things management node the passive Internet of Things server sends the passive service instruction to by configuring the passive Internet of Things server with the passive Internet of Things management node identifier (such as FQDN, IP address, etc.) serving it, or configuring the passive Internet of Things management node identifier (such as FQDN, IP address, etc.) information in the NEF, and the NEF determines how to forward it to the passive Internet of Things management node.
  • the passive Internet of Things server determines which NEF the passive service instruction is sent to by tunnel binding, identifier binding, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the method further includes:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node determines a passive service processing strategy
  • the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy.
  • the above passive service processing strategy can be used to manage passive services.
  • the passive service processing strategy includes at least one of the following: passive service access permission management rules, passive service instruction processing rules, and periodic inventory rules.
  • the above passive service access rights management rules include, for example, the types and IDs of passive devices or read/write devices that are allowed to provide services through the cellular network.
  • the above passive service instruction processing rules include, for example, the need to perform specific differentiated services (for example, special charging modes), positioning or transparent transmission filtering rules on passive service instructions.
  • the above periodic inventory rules include, for example, the period of periodic inventory that the passive IoT management node actively triggers for different types of passive devices.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy, which is conducive to more accurate and convenient control of passive service processing based on the cellular network.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node determines a passive service processing strategy, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the first information sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, and determines the passive service processing strategy according to the first information;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service processing strategy sent by the second core network node.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the first information sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, and then can determine the passive service processing strategy based on the first information.
  • the first information may include the service quality requirement information of the passive service, and then the passive Internet of Things management node can determine the passive service processing strategy based on the service quality requirement information of the passive service; or, the first information may include the passive service processing strategy, and then the passive Internet of Things management node can directly obtain the passive service processing strategy from the first information. This embodiment is conducive to ensuring that the determined passive service processing strategy can better meet the processing requirements of the passive service.
  • an example of a message that the cellular passive management function interacts with the passive IoT server through the Np2 interface is as follows:
  • the interactive messages between the cellular passive management function and the passive IoT server can be forwarded through NEF.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service processing strategy sent by the second core network node, wherein the second core network node may include UDM, PCF, etc., which is conducive to improving the flexibility of the passive service processing strategy configuration.
  • the method further includes:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node pre-configures second information, or receives second information sent by the access network device through the first network interface, or obtains second information from a third core network node, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node sends third information to the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node.
  • the third core network node may include UDM, SMF, PCF or NRF, etc.
  • the passive service capability information of the above-mentioned access network device may include at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device, information of passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node receives the passive service instructions sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, the passive Internet of Things management node and the passive Internet of Things server need to perform capability negotiation, IP address configuration and/or tunnel information configuration, etc., and then the passive Internet of Things management node and the passive Internet of Things server can initiate IP connection or tunnel connection for communication based on the other party's IP address information or tunnel information.
  • the cellular passive management function and the RAN can respectively pre-configure each other's IP address information, tunnel information and/or RAN passive service capability information so that they can initiate an IP connection or a tunnel connection according to the address to communicate with each other.
  • the cellular passive management function can interact with the RAN through the Np1 interface, receive the RAN's IP address information, tunnel information and/or RAN passive service support capability information sent by the RAN, and send the IP address information and/or tunnel information of the cellular passive management function to the RAN.
  • the cellular passive management function can determine the IP address information and/or tunnel information of the RAN by interacting with the core network element of the cellular network, and receive the RAN passive service capability information sent by the RAN through the Np1 interface.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node processes the passive service instruction, including:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node sends the passive service instruction to the access network device;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node sends a response to the passive Internet of Things server.
  • the above-mentioned real-time type passive service instruction is used to indicate that the passive service operation indicated by the passive service instruction needs to be completed by sending passive service instruction information to the passive device (e.g., passive tag) through the cellular network, for example, real-time inventory, real-time positioning and other services.
  • the passive device e.g., passive tag
  • the above-mentioned non-real-time type passive service instruction is relative to the above-mentioned real-time type passive service instruction, and is used to indicate that the passive service operation indicated by the passive service instruction does not need to request a response from the passive device (e.g., tag) in real time, and can be completed through interaction with the passive Internet of Things management node in the cellular network, for example, query of the historical movement trajectory of the tag, tag information statistics (such as the change information of the number of a certain type of tags in some specific areas, for example, the general statistics of the goods in the supermarket), etc.
  • tag information statistics such as the change information of the number of a certain type of tags in some specific areas, for example, the general statistics of the goods in the supermarket
  • the passive Internet of Things management node when the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, sends the passive service instruction to the access network device, and then the access network device can send the passive service instruction to the passive device to obtain the passive device's response to the passive service instruction; when the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node can determine the response according to the passive service instruction and feed it back to the passive Internet of Things server.
  • the type of the above-mentioned passive business instruction can be determined by parsing the passive business instruction. For example, if the passive business instruction is parsed to indicate the historical movement trajectory of the query tag, then the type of the passive business instruction can be determined to be a non-real-time type; for example, if the passive business instruction is parsed to indicate positioning, then the type of the passive business instruction can be determined to be a real-time type; or, indication information for indicating the type of the passive business instruction can be carried in the above-mentioned passive business instruction to quickly determine the type of the passive business instruction.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node when the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends the passive service instruction to the access network device; when the type of the passive service instruction is a non-real-time type, the passive Internet of Things management node sends a response to the passive Internet of Things server, which is conducive to accurately and quickly responding to the passive service instruction.
  • the passive service instruction carries first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a type of the passive service instruction.
  • the passive service instruction carries the first indication information, so that the passive Internet of Things management node can quickly and accurately determine the type of the passive service instruction based on the first indication information.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in FIG. 8 , the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 801 The access network device transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.
  • the access network device when the access network device receives passive Internet of Things related information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, the access network device can send the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive device; when the access network device receives passive Internet of Things related information sent by the passive device, the access network device can send the passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface.
  • an intermediate device such as a repeater or a terminal, may be provided between the access network device and the passive device.
  • the intermediate device may serve as an activator for the passive device, and the access network device may serve as a reading and writing device for the passive device; or, the access network device may serve as both an activator and a reading and writing device for the passive device.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can transmit passive Internet of Things related information with the access network device through the first network interface, so that the passive Internet of Things related information can be transmitted through the cellular network, which is beneficial to improving the communication distance of the passive Internet of Things system; in addition, since the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted directly through the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device, the process of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information in the cellular network can be simplified, and the efficiency of transmitting passive Internet of Things related information can be improved.
  • the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message; the access network device transmits the passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, including:
  • the access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information of the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;
  • the access network device receives a network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface.
  • the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identification of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;
  • the passive service related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.
  • the method further includes:
  • the access network device receives a first response message sent by the passive device, wherein the first response message is a response message of an activation instruction or a response message of an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information of the passive device;
  • the method further includes:
  • the access network device sends second indication information to the passive device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate a state of the passive device, or to indicate an update of the state of the passive device.
  • the access network device or the intermediate device may send an activation instruction or an inventory instruction to the passive device, and the passive device may send an activation response message or an inventory response message to the access network device according to the activation instruction or the inventory instruction.
  • the activation response message or the inventory response message may include information of the passive device.
  • the activation response message may include but is not limited to at least one of the identification of the passive device, the type of the passive device, and the mobility characteristics of the passive device; the inventory response message may include the identification of the passive device.
  • the access network device may send a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, and after receiving the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, send a second indication information to the passive device that has been successfully registered/activated, which is used to indicate the status of the passive device, or to indicate the update of the status of the passive device.
  • the status of the passive device may include but is not limited to registered, registered, activated, unregistered, unregistered or unactivated.
  • the passive device can then update or adjust its status according to the second indication information. For example, if the passive device's original status on the network side is unregistered/unregistered/unactivated, the second indication information can indicate that the updated status is registered/registered/activated.
  • the access network device sends a status update instruction to the passive device, which may include an identifier of the passive device and the second indication information, and the status update instruction may be implemented using a write instruction of an existing passive device (e.g., a tag).
  • the access network device may initiate a network registration request for a single passive device or for multiple passive devices.
  • the requests may be made in the same network registration request message or in different network registration request messages.
  • This embodiment receives a first response message sent by a passive device before the access network device sends a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the first response message is a response message of an activation instruction or a response message of an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information of the passive device; after the access network device receives the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, second indication information is sent to the passive device, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate the status of the passive device, or to indicate updating the status of the passive device, which is conducive to ensuring consistency in the understanding of the status of the passive device by each end.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node can maintain the status of passive devices through operations such as periodic inventory.
  • the method further comprises:
  • the access network device preconfigures third information, or receives third information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, or obtains third information from a fourth core network node, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node;
  • the access network device sends second information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device.
  • the fourth core network node may include UDM, SMF, PCF or NRF, etc.
  • the passive service capability information of the above-mentioned access network device may include at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the function of a passive service reading and writing device, information of passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.
  • the RAN and the cellular passive management function can pre-configure each other's IP address information, tunnel information and/or RAN passive service capability information, so that they can initiate IP connection or tunnel connection according to the address to communicate with each other.
  • RAN can interact with the cellular passive management function through the Np1 interface, receive the IP address information and/or tunnel information sent by the cellular passive management function, and send the RAN's IP address information, tunnel information and/or RAN passive service support capability information to the cellular passive management function.
  • RAN can determine the IP address information and/or tunnel information of the cellular passive management function by interacting with the cellular network core network element, and send the passive service support capability information of the cellular passive management function to the RAN through the Np1 interface.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in FIG. 9 , the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 901 The target node transmits passive Internet of Things related information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;
  • the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes at least one of a passive service instruction and the first information; the target node transmits the passive Internet of Things related information with the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, including at least one of the following:
  • the target node sends a passive service instruction to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;
  • the target node sends first information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface, wherein the first information is used to determine a passive service processing strategy.
  • Example 1 Passive device registration.
  • the passive device registration process provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps:
  • Step a1 RAN initiates a tag activation instruction/inventory instruction to the tag.
  • RAN can select a specific intermediate device (such as UE, relay device, etc.) within its service range as an exciter; or use an exciter fixedly deployed for tags in this area as an exciter for periodic tag management; or RAN itself is used as an exciter, that is, RAN performs both the roles of reader and exciter.
  • a1 can be repeated multiple times.
  • Step a2 The tag sends a tag activation response/inventory response to the RAN according to the tag activation instruction/inventory instruction. If the tag receives a tag activation instruction, i.e., an inventory instruction of a non-existing passive system, the tag may carry one or more of the tag identifier, tag type, and tag mobility characteristics in the response message. If the tag receives a tag inventory instruction, i.e., an inventory instruction of an existing passive system, the tag may carry the tag identifier in the response message.
  • a tag activation instruction i.e., an inventory instruction of a non-existing passive system
  • the tag may carry one or more of the tag identifier, tag type, and tag mobility characteristics in the response message. If the tag receives a tag inventory instruction, i.e., an inventory instruction of an existing passive system, the tag may carry the tag identifier in the response message.
  • Step a3 After receiving the tag activation response/inventory response, RAN initiates a network registration/registration request for the tag to the cellular passive management function through the Np1 interface.
  • Step a4 The cellular passive management function determines whether to allow the tag to register or register. Specifically, the cellular passive management function can determine whether to allow the tag to register or register in the cellular network according to the tag management policy.
  • Step a5 The cellular passive management function sends a response message of the tag registration/registration request to the RAN.
  • Step a6 After receiving the response message to the tag registration request, the RAN sends a tag registration or activation status update instruction to the successfully registered or activated tag, instructing the tag to update its registration or activation status information in the network.
  • Step a7 The tag sends a tag registration/enrolment or activation status update response to the tag registration and activation device.
  • Step a8 After the tag is successfully registered, the cellular passive management function can actively push tag activation information to the passive Internet of Things server, including one or more of tag identification information, tag type, tag characteristics, etc.
  • the passive tag registration process provided in this embodiment does not require multiple network element interactions and multiple steps to complete registration authentication, and the passive registration process is relatively simple.
  • Example 2 Passive service processing.
  • the passive service processing flow provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps:
  • Step b1 The cellular passive management function determines a passive service processing strategy.
  • Step b2 RAN and cellular passive management function perform capability negotiation and/or IP address configuration.
  • Step b3 The passive Internet of Things server sends a passive Internet of Things instruction to the cellular passive management function through the Np2 interface.
  • Step b4 The cellular passive management function sends a passive IoT instruction to the RAN via the Np1 interface.
  • Step b5 RAN can send passive IoT instructions to repeaters (such as exciters) within its service range or coverage range, or when RAN does not need to use repeaters to send passive IoT instructions to tags, RAN can send passive IoT instructions to tags by itself, and when RAN does not need to use repeaters to send excitation signals to tags, RAN can send excitation signals to tags by itself.
  • repeaters such as exciters
  • Step b6 RAN receives the passive IoT command response message from the tag.
  • Step b7 RAN sends a passive IoT command response message to the cellular passive management function through the Np1 interface.
  • Step b8 The cellular passive management function sends a passive Internet of Things command response message to the passive Internet of Things server through the Np2 interface.
  • steps b3, b4, b7 and b8 are as follows:
  • the passive IoT command sent by the passive IoT server to the cellular passive management function through the Np2 interface, or the passive IoT command sent by the cellular passive management function to the RAN through the Np21 interface is carried in HTTP2.0, and the passive service can use the GET command to perform tag inventory, wherein the reader/writer identifier/RAN identifier/tag identifier, etc. are indicated in the HTTP2.0 header field path, and the domain name/IP of the cellular passive management function is indicated in the HTTP2.0 header field Host:
  • path /resource (reader identifier/RAN identifier/tag identifier including fields abc, etc.)
  • the cellular passive management function obtains the passive IoT command response through the Np1 interface, sends the passive IoT command response to the passive IoT server through the Np2 interface, and carries the identification information of the inventory tag in DATA.
  • the example is as follows:
  • the passive service processing flow provided in this embodiment does not need to establish a PDU session link, and the service processing flow is relatively simple.
  • the disclosed embodiment provides a system architecture that integrates passive IoT technology with cellular systems, adds new cellular passive management functions and a new interface Np to this architecture, and proposes a business processing flow for the registration of cellular passive tags and passive services based on this architecture, which does not require multiple network element interactions and multiple steps to complete registration authentication, and does not require the establishment of a PDU session link, and is more suitable for lightweight deployment scenarios.
  • the existing cellular network registration authentication process for cellular network terminal devices requires that most business processes initiate a session connection and transmit services based on the session connection. The process is relatively complex and is not suitable for the management of massive passive tags and passive service transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a passive Internet of Things management node. See Figure 12, which is a structural diagram of the passive Internet of Things management node provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. Since the principle of solving the problem by the passive Internet of Things management node is similar to the information processing method on the passive Internet of Things management node side in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the implementation of the passive Internet of Things management node can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node 1200 includes:
  • the first transceiver module 1201 is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things through a target network interface;
  • the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device
  • the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node
  • the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.
  • the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.
  • the target network interface includes the first network interface, and the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message;
  • the first transceiver module is specifically used for:
  • a network registration request message sent by the access network device wherein the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of information of the passive device and passive service-related capability information of the access network device;
  • the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identification of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;
  • the passive service related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node also includes:
  • a first acquisition module configured to acquire a passive device management policy before sending a network registration response message to the access network device through the first network interface
  • the first determination module is used to determine whether to allow the passive device to perform network registration according to the passive device management policy.
  • the first acquisition module is specifically used to:
  • the passive device management strategy includes the following: not authenticating the passive device indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device, and providing management services to all passive devices indicated in the passive message obtained from the access network device.
  • the network registration request message is carried in a GTP message, and the message type or the next extension header type of the GTP message includes a first message type, and the first message type is used to indicate that the GTP message is a network registration request message of a passive device.
  • the target network interface includes the second network interface;
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes: passive service instructions;
  • the first transceiver module is specifically configured to receive a passive service instruction sent by a passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface;
  • the passive Internet of Things management node also includes a processing module, which is used to process the passive service instruction.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node further includes a second determination module, which is used to determine a passive service processing strategy before processing the passive service instruction;
  • the processing module is specifically configured to process the passive service instruction according to the passive service processing strategy.
  • the passive service processing strategy includes at least one of the following: passive service access permission management rules, passive service instruction processing rules, and periodic inventory rules.
  • the second determining module is specifically configured to:
  • the passive Internet of Things management node also includes:
  • a first configuration module is used for pre-configuring second information before receiving the passive service instruction sent by the passive Internet of Things server through the second network interface, or receiving the second information sent by the access network device through the first network interface, or obtaining the second information from the third core network node, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device;
  • the first transceiver module is also used to send third information to the access network device through the first network interface, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, and tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node.
  • processing module is specifically used for:
  • the type of the passive service instruction is a real-time type, sending the passive service instruction to the access network device;
  • a response to the passive service instruction is sent to the passive Internet of Things server.
  • the passive service instruction carries first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a type of the passive service instruction.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the method embodiment of the above-mentioned passive Internet of Things management node side, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an access network device. See Figure 13, which is a structural diagram of the access network device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. Since the principle of the access network device to solve the problem is similar to the information processing method on the access network device side in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the implementation of the access network device can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the access network device 1300 includes:
  • the second transceiver module 1301 is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface;
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.
  • the application layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol GTP, Next Generation Application NG-AP protocol, Low Level Reader Protocol LLRP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP, Message Queue Telemetry Transport MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the first network interface includes one of the following: Stream Control Transmission Protocol SCTP, Transmission Control Protocol TCP, User Datagram Protocol UDP.
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes a network registration request message and a network registration response message; and the second transceiver module is specifically used to:
  • the network registration request message is used to request network registration of the passive device, and the network registration request message includes at least one of the information of the passive device and the passive service-related capability information of the access network device;
  • a network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node is received through the first network interface.
  • the information of the passive device includes at least one of the following: an identification of the passive device, a type of the passive device, and a mobility characteristic of the passive device;
  • the passive service related capability information of the access network device includes at least one of the following: indication information of whether the access network device has the passive service reading and writing device function, information of the passive devices served by the access network device as a reading and writing device, and the service scope covered by the access network device as a reading and writing device.
  • the access network device further includes:
  • a first receiving module is used for receiving a first response message sent by a passive device before sending a network registration request message to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the first response message is a response message of an activation instruction or a response message of an inventory instruction, and the first response message includes information of the passive device;
  • the access network equipment also includes:
  • the first sending module is used to send second indication information to the passive device after receiving the network registration response message sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second indication information is used to indicate the status of the passive device, or to indicate updating the status of the passive device.
  • the access network device further includes:
  • a second configuration module is used to pre-configure third information, or receive the third information sent by the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, or obtain the third information from the fourth core network node, wherein the third information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the passive Internet of Things management node, tunnel information of the passive Internet of Things management node;
  • the second transceiver module is also used to send second information to the passive Internet of Things management node through the first network interface, wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: IP address information of the access network device, tunnel information of the access network device, and passive service capability information of the access network device.
  • the access network device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the method embodiment on the access network device side, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a target node. See Figure 14, which is a structural diagram of the target node provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. Since the principle of the target node to solve the problem is similar to the information processing method on the target node side in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the implementation of the target node can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the target node 1400 includes:
  • the third transceiver module 1401 is used to transmit information related to the passive Internet of Things to the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface;
  • the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the application layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: application layer event ALE protocol, HTTP, MQTT protocol;
  • the transport layer protocol of the second network interface includes one of the following: TCP, UDP.
  • the passive Internet of Things related information includes at least one of a passive service instruction and the first information; and the third transceiver module is specifically used for at least one of the following:
  • the target node provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the method embodiment on the target node side, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the disclosed embodiment also provides an information transmission system, including a passive device, an access network device, a passive Internet of Things management node, a target node, and a target network interface;
  • the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device
  • the second network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the target node
  • the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the above-mentioned passive Internet of Things management node can be the passive Internet of Things management node provided by the embodiment shown in the above-mentioned Figure 12
  • the above-mentioned access network device can be the access network device provided by the embodiment shown in the above-mentioned Figure 13
  • the above-mentioned target node can be the target node provided by the embodiment shown in the above-mentioned Figure 14. In order to avoid repetition, they are not repeated here.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a passive Internet of Things management node.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a processor 1500, which is used to read the program in the memory 1520 and execute the following process:
  • Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically one or more processors represented by processor 1500 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1520 are linked together.
  • the bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits together, which are all well known in the art, so they are not further described herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface.
  • the transceiver 1510 can be a plurality of components, that is, including a transmitter and a transceiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium.
  • the processor 1500 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1520 can store data used by the processor 1500 when performing operations.
  • the passive Internet of Things management node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an access network device.
  • the terminal of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a processor 1600 and a transceiver 1610.
  • the processor 1600 is used to read the program in the memory 1620 and execute the following process:
  • the first network interface is the interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and the access network device.
  • the bus architecture may include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically one or more processors represented by processor 1600 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1620 are linked together.
  • the bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, regulators, and power management circuits together, which are all well known in the art and are therefore not further described herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface.
  • the transceiver 1610 can be a plurality of components, namely, a transmitter and a receiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium.
  • the user interface 1630 can also be an interface that can be connected to external or internal devices, and the connected devices include but are not limited to keypads, displays, speakers, microphones, joysticks, etc.
  • the processor 1600 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1620 can store data used by the processor 1600 when performing operations.
  • the access network device provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the target node of the present disclosure includes: a processor 1700 configured to read a program in a memory 1720 and execute the following process:
  • Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted with the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; wherein the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the bus architecture can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, specifically one or more processors represented by processor 1700 and various circuits of memory represented by memory 1720 are linked together.
  • the bus architecture can also link various other circuits such as peripherals, regulators, and power management circuits together, which are all well known in the art, so they are not further described herein.
  • the bus interface provides an interface.
  • the transceiver 1710 can be a plurality of components, that is, including a transmitter and a transceiver, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices on a transmission medium.
  • the processor 1700 is responsible for managing the bus architecture and general processing, and the memory 1720 can store data used by the processor 1700 when performing operations.
  • the target node provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can execute the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, which will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present disclosure is used to store a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the following steps:
  • the passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted through a target network interface; wherein the target network interface includes at least one of a first network interface and a second network interface, the first network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and an access network device, and the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element;
  • Passive Internet of Things related information is transmitted with the passive Internet of Things management node through the second network interface; wherein the second network interface is an interface between the passive Internet of Things management node and a target node, and the target node includes a passive Internet of Things server or a network open network element.
  • the disclosed methods and devices can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be physically included separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the above-mentioned software functional unit is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute some steps of the sending and receiving method described in each embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统，涉及通信技术领域。该方法包括：无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。

Description

一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2023年12月04日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.202311648869.2的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统。
背景技术
无源物联网利用无源反向散射技术的传感器通过内部无线采集模块，将周围可利用的无线信号转化为可供自身工作的能量，同时利用反向散射技术手段实现信息传递，反向散射技术是将需要发送的数据调制到输入的射频信号上实现数据传输的。通常，无源物联网系统包括无源设备(例如，无源标签(Tag))、读写设备(例如，读写器)和激励源，其中，上述无源设备依靠激励源发出的激励信号来接收信息、发送信息，上述激励源和上述读写设备可以是分离的，也可以是合设在一起的。然而，现有的无源物联网系统中读写设备通过专用频谱同时发射激励信号并接收反射信号，通信距离较短。
发明内容
本公开实施例提供一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统，以解决现有的无源物联网系统的通信距离较短的问题。
第一方面，本公开实施例提供了一种信息传输方法，包括：
无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
第二方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种信息传输方法，包括：
接入网设备通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
第三方面，本公开实施例还提供了一种信息传输方法，包括：
目标节点通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
第四方面，本公开实施例还提供一种无源物联网管理节点，包括：
第一收发模块，用于通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
第五方面，本公开实施例还提供一种接入网设备，包括：
第二收发模块，用于通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
第六方面，本公开实施例还提供一种目标节点，包括：
第三收发模块，用于通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
第七方面，本公开实施例还提供一种信息传输系统，包括无源设备、接入网设备、无源物联网管理节点、目标节点和目标网络接口；
其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
第八方面，本公开实施例还提供一种通信设备，包括：存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上述第一方面提供的方法中的步骤，或者，实现如上述第二方面提供的方法中的步骤，或者，实现如上述第三方面提供的方法中的步骤。
第九方面，本公开实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述第一方面提供的方法中的步骤，或者，实现如上述第二方面提供的方法中的步骤，或者，实现如上述第三方面提供的方法中的步骤。
在本公开实施例中，无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元，也即无源物联网管理节点可以通过第一网络接口与接入网设备进行无源物联网相关信息传输，和/或，无源物联网管理节点可以通过第二网络接口与目标节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输，这样可以实现通过蜂窝网络进行无源物联网相关信息的传输，有利于提高无源物联网系统的通信距离；此外，由于直接通过无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口和/或无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，这样可以简化在蜂窝网络中无源物联网相关信息传输的流程，提高无源物联网相关信息传输效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是相关技术提供的RFID系统的示意图；
图2是相关技术提供的标签盘点和读写的流程图；
图3是相关技术提供的5G系统架构的示意图；
图4是本公开一实施例提供的信息传输方法的流程图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的一种信息传输系统的示意图；
图6a是本公开实施例提供的标签至无源物联网服务器之间的协议栈的示意图；
图6b是本公开实施例提供的标签至NEF之间的协议栈的示意图；
图7是本公开实施例提供的GTP消息头的示意图；
图8是本公开另一实施例提供的信息传输方法的流程图；
图9是本公开又一实施例提供的信息传输方法的流程图；
图10是本公开实施例提供的无源设备注册的流程图；
图11是本公开实施例提供的无源业务处理的流程图；
图12是本公开实施例提供的无源物联网管理节点的结构图之一；
图13是本公开实施例提供的接入网设备的结构图之一；
图14是本公开实施例提供的目标节点的结构图之一；
图15是本公开实施例提供的无源物联网管理节点的结构图之二；
图16是本公开实施例提供的接入网设备的结构图之二；
图17是本公开实施例提供的目标节点的结构图之二。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
为使本公开实施例更为清楚，下面先对本公开实施例涉及的相关技术知识进行如下介绍：
一、无源技术
1.无源技术发展背景
物联网在互联网和射频识别技术的推动下飞速发展，得到广泛的应用，例如智能城市、智能家庭、自动驾驶以及无人机等。物联网本着万物皆可入网的思想，以实现万物互联作为最终目标。随着物联网设备日新月异的发展，当前传感器的弊端也随之暴露。一方面，传感器一般靠自身电池供电，而电池容量有限，这导致需要经常更换电池以保证传感器正常工作。但在一些特殊情况下，例如，传感器节点需要安装(墙内或者家用电器内)或者布置在边远地区亦或是危险地区，这些应用场景都使得传感器节点电源更换极其困难；另一方面，随着市场需求的上升，传感器的设计与制造成本也大幅上升，这也带来了高昂的维护成本。这两个缺点成为了物联网难以普及和大规模布置的障碍。反向散射技术无源传感器的兴起给物联网带来了新的曙光，同时也引入了一个新的概念，即无源物联网。
无源物联网的显著特征是利用无源反向散射技术的传感器通过内部无线采集模块，将周围可利用的无线信号转化为可供自身工作的能量，同时利用反向散射技术手段实现目标节点的信息传递。反向散射技术是将需要发送的数据调制到输入的射频信号上实现数据传输。在过去二十年里，基于点对点通信的反向散射技术在无源物联网中得到了广泛地应用，例如基于高频的门禁，银行卡等。然而，物联网目标是实现万物互联并且可以实现多种功能，这就要求物联网必须具有更大的通信容量，更快的通信速率，更远的通信范围以及更广泛的装备(小型化)。基于超高频的射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)极大拓展了传统反向散射通信的实用性，如通信距离至10m量级，传输速率100kbit/s，节点密度每平方米100个，以及0.1元的成本。
传统RFID系统可以如图1所示，其基本工作过程如下：阅读器发送射频激励信号激活无源电子标签，电子标签利用反向散射通信技术将自身信息调制到该射频信号上，阅读器接收电子标签的反射信号并进行解调，从而实现阅读器和电子标签之间的信息传输。在无源系统分离式架构的场景下，激励信号可以使用激励器来发送。
2、标签盘点、读写流程
无源标签盘点流程可以盘点当前哪些标签位于读写器的覆盖范围内。如图2所示，标签盘点流程可以包括但不限于如下步骤：
步骤la、读写器接收来自无源物联网服务器的盘点命令，生成选择(Select)命令，并向激励源发送Select命令，该Select命令携带待盘点的标签的标识信息。
需要说明的是，盘点命令可以由无源物联网服务器下发给中间件，然后由中间件下发给读写器。
步骤1b、激励源接收到Select命令后，向标签发送激励信号，并向标签发送Select命令。
需要说明的是，在本公开实施例中，如无说明，激励源在向标签发送信息之前，需要先向标签发送激励信号，以便该标签依靠接收到的激励信号来接收信息、发送信息。
步骤2a、读写器向激励源发送查询(Query)命令。
步骤2b、激励源接收到Query命令后，向标签发送激励信号，并向标签发送Query命令。
步骤3、标签在监听到Select命令后，判断自己是否属于待盘点的标签(如判断自己的标识信息是否包括于Select命令携带的待盘点的标签的标识信息中)；若包括于，则该标签在后续监听到Query命令后向读写器反馈一个随机数(如RN16)，例如，通过竞争的方式向读写器反馈随机数RN16；若不属于，则该标签后续可以不做任何动作。
步骤4a、当读写器收到该随机数后，向激励源发送ACK命令，该ACK命令携带该随机数。
步骤4b、激励源向标签发送激励信号，并向标签转发该ACK命令。
步骤5、标签收到ACK命令后，验证该ACK命令中的随机数是否与自身反馈的随机数相同，若相同，该标签向读写器发送其标签信息和该随机数。读写器接收到该随机数和标签的标识信息后，获知该标签在读写器的覆盖范围内，至此完成盘点流程。
接下来介绍标签读写流程，其中，标签读写流程可以对标签进行写或读操作，若为写操作，则会将数据写入标签的存储区中；若为读操作，则会读取标签存储区中的数据。需要说明的是，需先对标签进行盘点，获取句柄后，再对标签进行读写操作。如图2所示，标签读写流程可以包括但不限于如下步骤：
步骤6a、读写器向该激励源发送Req_RN命令，该Req_RN命令携带读写器之前所收到的随机数RN16，Req_RN命令携带该随机数RN16，表示需要对发送该随机数RN16的标签进行读或写操作。
步骤6b、激励源接收到该Req_RN命令后，向标签发送激励信号，并向标签发送该Req_RN命令。
步骤7、标签在接收到Req_RN命令后，验证该Req_RN命令中的随机数是否与自身反馈的随机数相同，若相同表示读写器需要对自身进行读或写操作，该标签向读写器发送句柄。其中，句柄可用于建立标签与激励源之间的联系，句柄的具体形式可以是一个随机数、一个对象或一个指针。
步骤8a、读写器向激励源发送读命令或写命令，该读命令或写命令携带标签反馈的句柄。若为写指令，则还携带要写进标签存储区的数据。
步骤8b、激励源接收到该读命令或写命令后，向标签发送激励信号，并向标签发送该读命令或写命令。
步骤9、若步骤8a、步骤8b中为读指令，则标签向读写器发送自己存储区中的数据，并携带句柄。需要说明的是，图2中对标签进行盘点和读写仅用于举例，在其他实现方式中，可以仅对标签进行盘点，不进行读写。
二、第五代(5th-Generation，5G)架构
图3为5G系统架构的示意图，该图中示出的各个节点的含义如下：
UE：User Equipment，5G终端设备；
(R)AN：接入网设备；
UPF：User plane Function，用户面功能设备；
5G控制面采用基于服务的架构，控制面网元包含AUSF、AMF、SMF、NSSF、NEF、NRF、PCF、UDM和AF；
AMF：Mobility Management Function，移动性管理功能；
SMF：Session Management Function，会话管理功能；
PCF：Policy Control function，策略控制功能；
UDM：Unified Data Management，统一数据库。完成用户签约数据管理、认证信息生成、移动性管理、短消息路由等功能；
AUSF：Authentication Server Function，认证服务器功能。提供认证相关功能。
NSSF：The Network Slice Selection Function，网络切片选择功能。
NEF：Network Exposure Function，网络开放功能。
NRF：NF Repository Function，网络存储功能。
AF：Application Function，应用功能。
图3为5G系统架构的示意图，该网络架构包括终端设备、接入网(Access Network，AN)设备、核心网网元和数据网络(Data Network，DN)。其中，终端设备：可以称为用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台(Mobile Station，MS)、移动终端(Mobile Terminal，MT)、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。终端设备可以是一种向用户提供语音/数据连通性的设备，例如，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。目前，一些终端的举例可以为：手机(Mobilephone)、平板电脑(Pad)、带无线收发功能的电脑(如笔记本电脑、掌上电脑等)、移动互联网设备(Mobile Internet Device，MID)、虚拟现实(Virtual Reality，VR)设备、增强现实(Augmented Reality，AR)设备、工业控制(Industrial Control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(Self Driving)中的无线终端、远程医疗(Remote Medical)中的无线终端、智能电网(Smart Grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(Transportation Safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(Smart City)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(Smart Home)中的无线终端、蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，5G网络中的终端设备或者未来演进的公用陆地移动通信网络(Public Land Mobile Network，PLMN)中的终端设备等。此外，终端设备还可以是物联网(Internet of Things，IoT)系统中的终端设备。IoT是未来信息技术发展的重要组成部分，其主要技术特点是将物品通过通信技术与网络连接，从而实现人机互连，物物互连的智能化网络。IoT技术可以通过例如窄带(Narrow Band，NB)技术，做到海量连接，深度覆盖，终端省电。此外，终端设备还可以包括智能打印机、火车探测器、加油站等传感器，主要功能包括收集数据(部分终端设备)、接收网络设备的控制信息与下行数据，并发送电磁波，向网络设备传输上行数据。应理解，终端设备可以是任何可以接入网络的设备。终端设备与接入网设备之间可以采用某种空口技术相互通信。可选地，UE可以用于充当基站。例如，UE可以充当调度实体，其在车联网(Vehicle-to-Everything，V2X)或设备到设备(Device-to-Device，D2D)等中的UE之间提供侧行链路信号。比如，蜂窝电话和汽车利用侧行链路信号彼此通信。蜂窝电话和智能家居设备之间通信，而无需通过基站中继通信信号。核心网负责维护移动网络的签约数据，为UE提供会话管理、移动性管理、策略管理以及安全认证等功能。
核心网可以包括但不限于如下网元：接入和移动性管理功能(Access and Mobility Management Function，AMF)、鉴权服务器功能(Authentication Server Function，AUSF)、统一数据管理(Unified Data Management，UDM)、会话管理功能(Session Management Function，SMF)和用户面功能(User Plane Function，UPF)。
AMF网元，非接入层(Non-access Stratum，NAS)信令的终结点，主要负责用户的接入认证和移动性管理。终端设备与AMF可以通过N1NAS消息进行通信，终端设备与AMF之间的通信消息也可以通过RAN的N2消息进行中转。RAN与AMF通过N2消息进行通信。
AUSF网元，具有鉴权服务功能，用于处理第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，3GPP)接入和非3Gpp接入的认证请求。
UDM网元：用于管理用户的签约信息，完成用户认证与授权。
SMF网元，负责会话管理，如用户的会话建立、删除，维护协议数据单元(Protocol Data Unit，PDU)会话上下文及用户面转发管道信息等。
UPF网元，用于对用户报文进行处理，例如转发、计费等。
DN，用于为终端设备提供业务服务，可以是私有网络，例如局域网；也可以是不受运营商管控的外部网络，例如互联网(Internet)；还可以是运营商共同部署的专有网络，例如，提供IP多媒体子系统(IP Multimedia Subsystem，IMS)的网络。
此外，上述核心网还可以包括应用功能(Application Function，AF)、网络存储功能(NF Repository Function，NRF)、网络切片选择功能(Network Slice Selection Function，NSSF)等。
终端设备可通过建立的PDU会话，来访问DN。图3所示的网络架构示意图中，还包括各个网元之间的接口，例如N2表示AMF网元与RAN设备之间的接口。在未来的通信系统如6G通信系统中，上述网元或设备仍可以使用其在4G或5G通信系统中的名称，或者有其它名称；上述网元或设备的功能可以由一个独立网元完成，也可以由若干个网元共同完成。在实际部署中，核心网中的网元可以合设。例如，移动性管理网元可以与会话管理网元合设；会话管理网元可以与用户面网元合设；网络切片选择功能网元、策略控制网元、统一数据管理网元可以合设。
还需要说明的是，面向实际部署场景，传统RFID技术面临如下挑战。1、通信距离受限、干扰大。传统超高频RFID读写器采用收发一体全双工架构，同时发射激励信号并接收反射信号，存在较强的系统自干扰和异系统互干扰，加上标签较低的接收灵敏度，以及RFID频段发射功率限制，导致传统RFID技术覆盖受限、通信距离不足10m，集成传感器之后，通信距离不足3m。2、无法连续组网，部署与人工运维成本高昂。传统商用RFID读写器存在严重的自干扰和互相干扰，通信距离受限，只能依赖人工手持或卡口式部署盘点标签，难以组成具有自动化盘点功能的连续覆盖的局域网或广域网，导致部署、运行与维护的成本高、效率低。3、不支持定位。传统RFID不支持定位，也不支持大规模组网，主要依赖手持读写器或卡口式部署盘点标签实现出入库管理，难以实现对标签的自动化位置追踪与定位。
针对传统RFID面临的上述挑战，通过蜂窝无源物联技术构建新型无源物联网，在不显著增加标签的成本、功耗、复杂度、体积的前提下，复用现有蜂窝网络基础设施和网络规模，增加通信距离、降低读写器间干扰、实现低成本大规模组网、且支持对标签的定位。
此外，现有的蜂窝网络针对蜂窝网络的终端设备的注册鉴权验证流程，业务流程大多需要发起会话连接，基于会话连接进行业务传输，过程相对来说比较复杂，不适合海量的无源标签的管理和无源业务传输。当前业界针对无源物联网和蜂窝网络的融合的研究，还处于需求研究阶段，还未有标准化或者商用的蜂窝无源架构和业务处理流程，更没有针对不同部署场景对应的不同系统架构方案设计。不同于广域场景，针对于局域化部署场景，如对固定区域内的标识对象进行盘点和管理，更需要基于轻量化蜂窝无源网络架构，简化设备注册鉴权流程和业务处理过程。基于此，本公开实施例提出了一种无源物联网技术与蜂窝系统的融合的系统架构，在此架构增加新的蜂窝无源管理功能以及Np1接口和NP2接口，并基于此架构提出针对蜂窝无源设备注册和业务的业务处理流程。
下面结合附图，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本公开实施例提供的信息传输方法进行详细地说明。
参见图4，图4是本公开实施例提供的信息传输方法的流程图，如图4所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤401、无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
本实施例中，上述无源物联网管理节点用于对无源设备管理(如无源设备的注册、鉴权认证、无源设备能力激活和管理等)和无源业务管理(如无源业务访问权限管理、无源业务命令处理、主动周期性盘点等)，其中，上述无源设备也可以称为应答设备，例如，无源标签(Tag)。
上述无源物联网管理节点可以是独立设置的网络节点，例如，上述无源物联网管理节点可以是独立设置的蜂窝无源管理功能；或者，上述无源物联网管理节点可以与其他节点合设的网络节点，例如，蜂窝无源管理功能与网络开放功能(Network Exposure Function，NEF)网元合设，或者蜂窝无源管理功能与AMF网元，或者蜂窝无源管理功能UPF网元合设，或者蜂窝无源管理功能与接入网设备合设等。需要说明的是，当两个网元合设的时候，本公开实施例提供的这两个网元之间的交互就成为该合设网元的内部操作或者可以省略；当蜂窝无源管理功能与接入网设备合设时，第一网络接口可以是网元的内部接口。
上述第一网络接口为无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，用于无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间传输无源物联网相关信息。可以理解的是，在接入网设备通过第一网络接口接收到无源物联网管理节点发送的无源物联网相关信息的情况下，可以将该无源物联网相关信息发送给无源设备；在接入网设备接收到无源设备发送的无源物联网相关信息的情况下，可以将该无源物联网相关信息通过第一网络接口发送给无源物联网管理节点。在一些示例中，上述第一网络接口也可以称为Np1接口。上述接入网设备可以作为读写设备，在一些可选的实施例中，上述接入网设备还可以作为激励源。
其中，上述第一网络接口的应用层协议可以使用现有的协议，例如，通用分组无线业务隧道协议(General Packet Radio Service Tunneling Protocol，GTP)，下一代应用协议(Next Generation Application，NG-AP)，低级别读取器协议(Low Level Reader Protocol，LLRP)，超文本传输协议(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol，HTTP)，消息队列遥测传输协议(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，MQTT)等；或者，也可以使用新定义的协议，本实施例对此不做限定。
上述第一网络接口的传输层协议可以使用现有的协议，例如，流控制传输协议(Stream Control Transmission Protocol，SCTP)，传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol，TCP)，用户数据报协议(User Datagram Protocol，UDP)等；或者，也可以使用新定义的协议，本实施例对此不做限定。
上述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，用于所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间传输无源物联网相关信息。在一些示例中，上述第二网络接口也可以称为Np2接口。
其中，上述第二网络接口的应用层协议可以使用现有的协议，例如，应用层事件(Application Level Event，ALE)，HTTP，MQTT等；或者，也可以使用新定义的协议，本实施例对此不做限定。
上述第二网络接口的传输层协议可以使用现有的协议，例如，TCP，UDP等；或者，也可以使用新定义的协议，本实施例对此不做限定。
需要说明的是，在上述目标节点为网络开放网元的情况下，网络开放网元用于转发无源物联网管理节点与无源物联网服务器之间的无源物联网相关信息。也即，上述网络开放网元将从无源物联网服务器接收的无源物联网相关信息通过第二网络接口转发给无源物联网管理节点，将通过第二网络接口从无源物联网管理节点接收的无源物联网相关信息转发给无源物联网服务器。其中，无源物联网服务器也可以称为无源业务平台或无源业务服务器等。
上述无源物联网相关信息可以包括但不限于无源设备管理相关信息(例如，无源设备的网络注册请求消息、网络注册响应消息、无源设备鉴权和认证相关信息等)、无源业务相关信息(例如，无源业务指令、无源业务响应等)等。
示例性地，本公开实施例可以应用于如图5所示的信息传输系统，其中，该信息传输系统也可以称为蜂窝无源网络系统。该信息传输系统的网络侧除了现有蜂窝网络侧的设备，例如，RAN、UPF、AMF、NEF等，还包括蜂窝无源管理功能、Np1接口和Np2接口。其中，RAN与蜂窝无源管理功能之间通过Np1接口传输无源物联网相关信息，蜂窝无源管理功能与无源业务服务器之间通过Np2接口传输无源物联网相关信息。各个标签可不再通过专用频谱接收下行的无源物联网相关信息，而是通过空口(例如，蜂窝空口)从RAN接收下行的无源物联网信息；相应地，对于标签发送的上行无源物联网相关信息，可通过空口(例如，无源物联网空口)向RAN发送。
本公开实施例中，无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元，也即无源物联网管理节点可以通过第一网络接口与接入网设备进行无源物联网相关信息传输，和/或，无源物联网管理节点可以通过第二网络接口与目标节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输，这样可以实现通过蜂窝网络进行无源物联网相关信息的传输，有利于提高无源物联网系统的通信距离；此外，由于直接通过无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口和/或无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，这样可以简化在蜂窝网络中无源物联网相关信息传输的流程，提高无源物联网相关信息传输效率。
可选地，所述第一网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：通用分组无线业务隧道协议GTP，下一代应用NG-AP协议，低级别读取器协议LLRP，超文本传输协议HTTP，消息队列遥测传输MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第一网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：流控制传输协议SCTP，传输控制协议TCP，用户数据报协议UDP。
本实施例中，上述第一网络接口的应用层协议和传输层协议中的至少一项使用现有的协议实现，可以在保证无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的无源物联网相关信息快速传输的同时，简化上述第一网络接口设计的难度。
可选地，所述第二网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：应用层事件ALE协议，HTTP，MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第二网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：TCP，UDP。
本实施例中，上述第二网络接口的应用层协议和传输层协议中的至少一项使用现有的协议实现，可以在保证无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的无源物联网相关信息快速传输的同时，简化上述第二网络接口设计的难度。
在一些示例中，上述第一网络接口的应用层协议也可以称为无源物联网管理(Passive Internet of Things Manage，PIoT-M)协议。上述第二网络接口的应用层协议也可以称为无源物联网应用(PIoT-Application，PIoT-App)协议。
示例性地，以图5所示的信息传输系统为例，在上述无源物联网服务器直接与上述蜂窝无源管理功能通信的情况下，上述标签至无源物联网服务器之间的协议栈可以如图6a所示。在无源物联网服务器经由网络开放网元与蜂窝无源管理功能通信的情况下，上述标签至网络开放网元之间的协议栈可以如图6b所示。
可选地，所述目标网络接口包括所述第一网络接口；所述无源物联网相关信息包括网络注册请求消息和网络注册响应消息；
所述无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，接收所述接入网设备发送的网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；
所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息。
本实施例中，上述网络注册请求消息可以用于请求对一个或多个无源设备进行网络注册，该网络注册请求消息可以包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项。上述无源设备的信息可以包括无源设备的标识、无源设备的类型等信息。上述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息用于指示接入网设备的无源业务相关能力，例如，可以包括接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围等。可以理解的是，在上述网络注册请求消息用于请求对多个无源设备进行网络注册的情况下，上述网络注册请求消息可以包括多个无源设备的信息，例如，多个无源设备的标识。
以下对第一网络接口采用不同应用层协议传输网络注册请求消息进行举例说明：
一、在PIoT-M协议为HTTP2.0协议的情况下，HTTP消息的一种实现示例可以如下所示：
“HEADERS
-END_STREAM
-END_HEADERS
:method＝POST
:path＝/resource
:scheme＝https
CONTINUATION
+END_HEADERS
content-type＝txt
host＝example.org(蜂窝无源管理功能域名/IP)
content-length＝xxx(消息内容长度)
DATA
+END_STREAM
{binary data
(
标签信息(如标签类型、标签ID等信息)；
RAN无源业务支持能力信息等)}”
二、在PIoT-M协议为GTP协议的情况下，GTP消息头的一种实现示例如图7所示，其中，GTP消息头中的必选字段如下：
版本号(VerSion)：用于确定GTP协议的版本，转换成10进制表示；
协议类型(PT)：用于区分GTP(置’1’)和GTP’(置’0’)协议；
扩展头标志(e)：置’1’表示有下一个扩展头字段,置’0’表示没有下一个扩展头字段，或有但不必解释；
序号标志(S)：置’1’表示有序号字段，置’0’表示要么没有序号字段，要么有但不必做出解释。在GTP-C消息中S标志应置’1’；
N-PDU编号标志(PN)：置’1’表示有N-PDU编号字段，置’0’表示要么没有N-PDU编号字段，要么有但不必做出解释。这个标志仅对GTP-U有意义，所以，GTP-C不使用这个标志；
消息类型(Message Type)：这个字段指出GTP消息的类型；
长度(Length)：这个字段指出以字节为单位的净荷长度，即分组中除了GTP头的必选部分外剩余部分的长度(即除去前面的8个字节)；
隧道端点标识符(Tunnel Endpoint Identifier，TEID)：这个字段清楚地标识了对端的GTP-U或GTP-C协议实体中的隧道端点。
GTP消息头中的可选字段如下：
序号(Sequence Number)：这个字段在GTP-U中是可选的。对GTP-C控制面消息，序号用于事务标识。通过GTP-U隧道传输时，如果必须保护传输顺序，用该字段对T-PDU进行编号，且每传输一个T-PDU就增加序号值；
N-PDU标号(N-PDU Number)：这个字段在SGSN间的路由区更新过程中和某些系统间切换过程(如2G和3G无线接入网间切换)中使用。当MS和服务GPRS支持节点(Serving GPRS Support Node，SGSN)间的通讯工作在确认模式下时，使用这个字段协调它们间的数据传输。这个字段的确切意义取决于使用场合。如全球移动通信系统(Global System for Mobile Communications，GSM)/GPRS到GSM/GRPS，这个字段就是子网相关汇聚协议(Subnetwork Dependence Converage Protocol，SNDCP)N-PDU编号。
下一个扩展头类型(Next Extension Header Type)：这个字段定义在G-PDU中紧接着这个字段的扩展头的类型。
可选地，在所述第一网络接口的应用层协议为GTP的情况下，所述网络注册请求消息携带于GTP消息，所述GTP消息的消息类型或下一个扩展头类型包括第一消息类型，所述第一消息类型用于指示所述GTP消息为无源设备的网络注册请求消息。
示例性地，在PIoT-M协议为GTP协议的情况下，上述GTP消息的“消息类型”字段或者“下一个扩展头类型”字段可以增加一个消息类型，用于标明该消息用于接入网设备向蜂窝无源管理功能发送的是无源设备的网络注册请求消息。上述GTP消息的消息体中可以携带无源设备的信息(如标签类型、标签ID等信息)以及RAN的无源业务能力信息等。其中，蜂窝无源管理功能隧道标识可以预配置于RAN中，或者在通过核心网其他网元如AMF、SMF、PCF、UDM等发送给RAN。
上述网络注册响应消息可以用于指示网络注册成功或失败。在一些可选的实施例中，上述网络注册响应消息可以包括上述无源设备的状态的指示信息。
需要说明的是，上述网络注册请求消息也可以称为登记请求消息或激活请求消息等，相应地，上述网络注册响应消息也可以称为登记响应消息或激活响应消息等，本实施例对此不做限定。
本实施例中，无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，接收所述接入网设备发送的网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；并通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息，以实现对无源设备的网络注册，由于在无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间直接通过第一网络接口传输无源设备网络注册的相关信息，相比于通过AMF或UPF等网元转发无源设备网络注册的相关信息，这样可以简化无源设备网络注册流程，提高无源设备网络注册流程效率。
在一些可选的实施例中，接入网设备可以经由AMF网元将上述网络注册请求消息发送给无源物联网管理节点。示例性地，上述网络注册请求消息可以携带在RAN向蜂窝网络发送的NAS消息中，即NAS注册请求消息，并通过接入网设备的AN消息发给AMF网元，然后由AMF网元发送给蜂窝无源管理功能。此步骤中，中间设备(例如，中继设备或终端)向接入网设备发送AN消息，该AN消息可以包括NAS注册请求消息、无源标签注册指示信息、标签标识、标签类型、标签的移动特性、RAN标识等信息中的一个或者多个。其中，无源标签注册指示信息、标签标识信息、标签类型、标签的移动特性、RAN标识等信息中的一个或者多个也可以同时在NAS注册请求消息中携带。同时，上述NAS注册请求消息还可以携带无源物联网服务器标识(包括完全合格域名(Fully Qualified Domain Name，FQDN)、IP地址、隧道ID等)信息。
在一些可选的实施例中，接入网设备可以根据当前的应用场景或业务需求等信息，确定是通过第一网络接口将上述网络注册请求消息发送给无源物联网管理节点，还是通过AMF网元将上述网络注册请求消息发送给无源物联网管理节点。
可选地，所述无源设备的信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源设备的标识，所述无源设备的类型，所述无源设备的移动特性；
和/或，
所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
本实施例中，上述无源设备的标识可以包括但不限于临时标识、永久标识、全球唯一标识等中的至少一项。上述无源设备的类型可以包括生产厂家、商品类型、移动类型等中的至少一项。上述无源设备的移动特性用于反映无源设备的移动情况，例如，高移动性、低移动性、位置固定等。
上述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能可以理解为上述接入网设备是否能够作为读写设备。上述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，例如，上述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的种类、所服务的无源设备的标识和所服务的无源设备的范围等中的至少一项。上述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围，例如，上述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的区域范围，也即支持读写该区域范围内的无源设备。
本实施例中，通过在网络注册请求消息包括上述无源设备的信息和上述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项，便于无源物联网管理节点更为准确地对无源设备和无源业务等进行管理。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息之前，所述方法还包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点获取无源设备管理策略；
所述无源物联网管理节点根据所述无源设备管理策略，确定是否允许所述无源设备进行网络注册。
本实施例中，上述无源设备管理策略用于对无源设备进行管理。示例性地，可以针对各个接入网设备分别配置无源设备管理策略，或者，针对所有的接入网设备配置一套无源设备管理策略，也即所配置的无源设备管理策略适用于所有的接入网设备。例如，不对某一类型的无源设备做认证，或者不对从某一类型的接入网设备接收的无源消息所指示的无源设备做认证，或者，仅对某一类型的无源设备做认证等。
可选地，所述无源设备管理策略包括如下一项：不对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的无源设备做认证，对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的所有无源设备提供管理服务。
上述从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的无源设备，例如，从接入网设备获取的无源消息所包括的无源设备的标识所标识的无源设备。其中，上述无源消息可以理解为与无源物联网相关的消息，例如，无源设备的网络注册请求消息。
上述不对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的无源设备做认证，可以理解为对于从接入网设备接收的无源消息所指示的无源设备，无源物联网管理节点不对其做认证，也即不为其提供管理服务。
上述对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的所有无源设备提供管理服务，可以理解为对于接入网设备接收的无源消息所指示的所有的无源设备，无源物联网管理节点均为其提供管理服务。
相应地，无源物联网管理节点可以根据所述无源设备管理策略，确定是否允许所述无源设备进行网络注册，例如，在上述无源设备管理策略为不对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的无源设备做认证的情况下，无源物联网管理节点确定不允许所述无源设备进行网络注册，在该情况下，可以向接入网设备反馈不允许所述无源设备进行网络注册的响应；在上述对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的所有无源设备提供管理服务的情况下，无源物联网管理节点确定允许所述无源设备进行网络注册，在该情况下，无源物联网管理节点可以登记上述无源设备的状态，并向接入网设备反馈网络注册响应消息。
本实施例中，无源物联网管理节点根据所述无源设备管理策略，确定是否允许所述无源设备进行网络注册，可以提高对无源设备管理的便捷性。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点获取无源设备管理策略，包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点获取预配置的无源设备管理策略；
或者，
所述无源物联网管理节点接收第一核心网节点发送的无源设备管理策略；
或者，
所述无源物联网管理节点接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的无源设备管理策略。
在一实施方式中，无源物联网管理节点可以预配置无源设备管理策略，这样可以直接读取预配置的无源设备管理策略，速度较快。
在另一实施方式中，无源物联网管理节点可以接收第一核心网节点发送的无源设备管理策略，其中，上述第一核心网节点可以包括但不限于AMF、SMF、UDM、PCF或运营商网络系统等，这样有利于提高无源设备管理策略配置的灵活性。
在又一实施方式中，无源物联网管理节点可以接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的无源设备管理策略，示例性地，无源物联网管理节点可以通过第二网络接口接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的无源设备管理策略，这样有利于所获取的无源设备管理策略可以更为满足无源业务的需求。
可选地，所述目标网络接口包括所述第二网络接口；所述无源物联网相关信息包括：无源业务指令；
所述无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令；
所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理。
上述无源业务指令可以包括盘点、定位、读写等操作指令。上述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理，例如，上述无源物联网管理节点可以将上述无源业务指令转发给接入网设备，或者，上述无源物联网管理节点可以基于上述无源业务指令直接向无源物联网服务器反馈无源业务处理结果。上述无源业务指令也可以称为无源物联网指令或无源指令等。
可以理解的是，在相关技术中，通过蜂窝网络进行业务处理的过程中，往往需要先建立PDU会话连接，进而基于会话连接进行业务传输，流程较为繁杂。而本实施例中无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口直接接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令，并对所述无源业务指令进行处理，无需建立PDU会话连接，可以简化无源业务的处理流程，进而可以提高无源业务处理的效率。
在一些可选地实施例中，无源物联网服务器向无源物联网管理节点发送无源业务指令可以通过NEF处理转发给无源物联网管理节点。具体地，无源物联网服务器确定无源业务指令发给哪个无源物联网管理节点的实现方式可以是在无源物联网服务器配置为其服务的无源物联网管理节点标识(如FQDN、IP地址等)，或者在NEF配置无源物联网管理节点标识(如FQDN、IP地址等)信息，由NEF确定如何转发给无源物联网管理节点。无源物联网服务器确定无源业务指令发给哪个NEF可以通过隧道绑定、标识绑定等方式实现，本实施例对此不做限定。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理之前，所述方法还包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点确定无源业务处理策略；
所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理，包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点根据所述无源业务处理策略，对所述无源业务指令进行处理。
本实施例中，上述无源业务处理策略可以用于对无源业务的管理。
可选地，所述无源业务处理策略包括如下至少一项：无源业务访问权限管理规则，无源业务指令处理规则，周期性盘点规则。
上述无源业务访问权限管理规则，例如，允许通过蜂窝网络提供服务的无源设备或者读写设备的类型、ID等。上述无源业务指令处理规则，例如，需要对无源业务指令进行特定的区分服务(例如，特殊收费模式)、定位或者透传等过滤规则。上述周期性盘点规则，例如，无源物联网管理节点主动对不同类型的无源设备触发周期性盘点的周期等。
本实施例中无源物联网管理节点根据所述无源业务处理策略，对所述无源业务指令进行处理，有利于更为准确、便捷地控制基于蜂窝网络进行无源业务处理。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点确定无源业务处理策略，包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的第一信息，并根据所述第一信息确定所述无源业务处理策略；
或者，
所述无源物联网管理节点接收第二核心网节点发送的所述无源业务处理策略。
在一实施方式中，无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的第一信息，进而可以根据所述第一信息确定所述无源业务处理策略，例如，上述第一信息可以包括上述无源业务的服务质量需求信息，进而无源物联网管理节点可以根据无源业务的服务质量需求信息确定无源业务处理策略；或者，上述第一信息可以包括无源业务处理策略，进而无源物联网管理节点可以直接从第一信息中获取无源业务处理策略。该实施方式有利于保证所确定的无源业务处理策略可以更为满足无源业务的处理需求。
示例性地，以Np2接口采用HTTP2.0协议为例，蜂窝无源管理功能通过Np2接口和无源物联网服务器交互的消息的一种举例如下：
“HEADERS
-END_STREAM
-END_HEADERS
:method＝POST
:path＝/resource
:scheme＝https
CONTINUATION
+END_HEADERS
content-type＝txt
host＝example.org(蜂窝无源管理功能域名/IP)
content-length＝xxx(消息内容长度)
DATA
+END_STREAM
{binary data
(
无源业务访问权限管理规则；
无源业务命令处理规则；
主动周期性盘点规则
等)}
”
需要说明的是，蜂窝无源管理功能和无源物联网服务器之间的交互消息可以通过NEF进行消息转发。
在另一实施方式中，无源物联网管理节点接收第二核心网节点发送的所述无源业务处理策略，其中，上述第二核心网节点可以包括UDM、PCF等，这样有利于提高无源业务处理策略配置的灵活性。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令之前，所述方法还包括：
所述无源物联网管理节点预配置第二信息，或者，通过所述第一网络接口接收所述接入网设备发送的第二信息，或者，从第三核心网节点获取第二信息，其中，所述第二信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备的IP地址信息，所述接入网设备的隧道信息，所述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息；
和/或，
所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口向所述接入网设备发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源物联网管理节点的IP地址信息，所述无源物联网管理节点的隧道信息。
其中，第三核心网节点可以包括UDM、SMF、PCF或者NRF等。上述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息可以包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
可以理解的是，无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令之前，无源物联网管理节点和无源物联网服务器之间需要进行能力协商、IP地址配置和/或隧道信息配置等，进而无源物联网管理节点和无源物联网服务器可以根据对方的IP地址信息或者隧道信息，发起IP连接或者隧道连接进行通信。
以下分情况对本实施例进行举例说明：
情况一，蜂窝无源管理功能和RAN可以分别预先配置对方的IP地址信息、隧道信息和/或RAN无源业务能力信息，以便相互能根据地址发起IP连接或者隧道连接进行通信。
情况二，蜂窝无源管理功能可以通过Np1接口和RAN交互，接收RAN发送的RAN的IP地址信息、隧道信息和/或RAN无源业务支持能力信息，并向RAN发送蜂窝无源管理功能的IP地址信息和/或隧道信息。
情况三，蜂窝无源管理功能可以通过和蜂窝网络核心网网元交互，确定RAN的IP地址信息和/或隧道信息，并接收RAN通过Np1接口发送的RAN无源业务能力信息。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理，包括：
在所述无源业务指令的类型为实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述接入网设备发送所述无源业务指令；
在所述无源业务指令的类型为非实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述无源物联网服务器发送所述无源业务指令的响应。
本实施例中，上述实时类型的无源业务指令，用于表示该无源业务指令所指示的无源业务操作需要通过蜂窝网络向无源设备(例如，无源标签)发送无源业务指示信息去完成，例如，实时盘存、实时定位等业务。上述非实时类型的无源业务指令是相对于上述实时类型的无源业务指令来说的，用于表示该无源业务指令所指示的无源业务操作不需要实时去向无源设备(例如，标签)请求响应，通过与蜂窝网络中无源物联网管理节点的交互就可以完成，例如，标签历史运动轨迹查询，标签信息统计(如在一些特定区域某一类型标签数量的变化信息，例如，商超货物情况大致统计)等。
相应地，在所述无源业务指令的类型为实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述接入网设备发送所述无源业务指令，进而接入网设备可以将无源业务指令发送给无源设备，以获取无源设备对该无源业务指令的响应；在所述无源业务指令的类型为非实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点可以根据无源业务指令确定响应并反馈给无源物联网服务器。
示例性地，上述无源业务指令的类型可以通过对无源业务指令的解析确定，例如，若解析得到该无源业务指令用于指示查询标签历史运动轨迹，则可以确定该无源业务指令的类型为非实时类型；例如，若解析得到该无源业务指令用于指示定位，则可以确定该无源业务指令的类型为实时类型；或者，可以在上述无源业务指令中携带用于指示该无源业务指令的类型的指示信息，以便于快速确定该无源业务指令的类型。
本实施例在所述无源业务指令的类型为实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述接入网设备发送所述无源业务指令；在所述无源业务指令的类型为非实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述无源物联网服务器发送所述无源业务指令的响应，这样有利于准确、快速地对无源业务指令进行响应。
可选地，所述无源业务指令中携带有第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述无源业务指令的类型。
本实施例通过在无源业务指令中携带有第一指示信息，进而无源物联网管理节点可以基于第一指示信息快速、准确地确定无源业务指令的类型。
参见图8，图8是本公开实施例提供的信息传输方法的流程图，如图8所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤801、接入网设备通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
本实施例中第一网络接口和无源物联网相关信息的相关内容可以参见前述实施例的相关说明，在此不做赘述。
具体地，接入网设备可以在通过第一网络接口接收到无源物联网管理节点发送的无源物联网相关信息的情况下，可以将该无源物联网相关信息发送给无源设备；接入网设备可以在接收到无源设备发送的无源物联网相关信息的情况下，可以将该无源物联网相关信息通过第一网络接口发送给无源物联网管理节点。
在一些可选的实施例中，接入网设备与无源设备之间可以设置有中间设备，例如，中继器或者终端，该中间设备可以作为无源设备的激励器，上述接入网设备可以作为无源设备的读写设备；或者，上述接入网设备可以既作为无源设备的激励器，又作为无源设备的读写设备。
本公开实施例中，无源物联网管理节点可以通过第一网络接口与接入网设备进行无源物联网相关信息传输，这样可以实现通过蜂窝网络进行无源物联网相关信息的传输，有利于提高无源物联网系统的通信距离；此外，由于直接通过无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，这样可以简化在蜂窝网络中无源物联网相关信息传输的流程，提高无源物联网相关信息传输效率。
可选地，所述第一网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：通用分组无线业务隧道协议GTP，下一代应用NG-AP协议，低级别读取器协议LLRP，超文本传输协议HTTP，消息队列遥测传输MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第一网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：流控制传输协议SCTP，传输控制协议TCP，用户数据报协议UDP。
需要说明的是，该实施例的实现方式可以参见前述实施例的相关说明，此处不作赘述。
可选地，所述无源物联网相关信息包括网络注册请求消息和网络注册响应消息；所述接入网设备通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括：
所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；
所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息。
需要说明的是，该实施例的实现方式可以参见前述实施例的相关说明，此处不作赘述。
可选地，所述无源设备的信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源设备的标识，所述无源设备的类型，所述无源设备的移动特性；
和/或，
所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
需要说明的是，该实施例的实现方式可以参见前述实施例的相关说明，此处不作赘述。
可选地，所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息之前，所述方法还包括：
所述接入网设备接收无源设备发送的第一响应消息，其中，所述第一响应消息为激活指令的响应消息或盘点指令的响应消息，所述第一响应消息包括所述无源设备的信息；
所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息之后，所述方法还包括：
所述接入网设备向无源设备发送第二指示信息，其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述无源设备的状态，或者用于指示更新所述无源设备的状态。
实际应用中，接入网设备或者中间设备可以向无源设备发送激活指令或盘点指令，无源设备可以根据上述激活指令或盘点指令向接入网设备发送激活响应消息或盘点响应消息，该激活响应消息或盘点响应消息可以包括无源设备的信息，示例性地，上述激活响应消息可以包括但不限于无源设备的标识、无源设备的类型、无源设备的移动特性等中的至少一项；上述盘点响应消息可以包括无源设备的标识。接入网设备基于上述激活响应消息或盘点响应消息，可以通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息，并在通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息之后，向注册/激活成功的无源设备发送第二指示信息，用于指示所述无源设备的状态，或者用于指示更新所述无源设备的状态。其中，上述无源设备的状态可以包括但不限于已注册、已登记、已激活、未注册、未登记或未激活等。进而无源设备可以根据上述第二指示信息更新状态或调整状态等，例如，无源设备原来在网络侧的状态为未注册/未登记/未激活，则上述第二指示信息可以指示更新后的状态为已注册/已登记/已激活。
在一些可选的实施例中，上述接入网设备向无源设备发送状态更新指令，该状态更新指令可以包括无源设备的标识和上述第二指示信息，且该状态更新指令可以使用现有无源设备(例如，标签)的写指令实现。
需要说明的是，接入网设备可以为单个无源设备发起网络注册请求，或者为多个无源设备发起网络注册请求。当为多个无源设备发起网络注册请求时，可以在同一网络注册请求消息中进行请求，也可以在不同的网络注册请求消息中进行请求。
本实施例通过在所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息之前，接收无源设备发送的第一响应消息，其中，所述第一响应消息为激活指令的响应消息或盘点指令的响应消息，所述第一响应消息包括所述无源设备的信息；在所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息之后，向无源设备发送第二指示信息，其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述无源设备的状态，或者用于指示更新所述无源设备的状态，这样有利于保证各端对无源设备的状态的理解的一致性。
在一些可选的实施例中，无源物联网管理节点可以通过周期性盘点等操作对无源设备的状态进行维护。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
所述接入网设备预配置第三信息，或者，通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的第三信息，或者，从第四核心网节点获取第三信息，其中，所述第三信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源物联网管理节点的IP地址信息，所述无源物联网管理节点的隧道信息；
和/或，
所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送第二信息，其中，所述第二信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备的IP地址信息，所述接入网设备的隧道信息，所述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息。
其中，第四核心网节点可以包括UDM、SMF、PCF或者NRF等。上述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息可以包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
以下分情况对本实施例进行举例说明：
情况一，RAN和蜂窝无源管理功能可以分别预先配置对方的IP地址信息、隧道信息和/或RAN无源业务能力信息，以便相互能根据地址发起IP连接或者隧道连接进行通信。
情况二，RAN可以通过Np1接口和蜂窝无源管理功能交互，接收蜂窝无源管理功能发送的IP地址信息和/或隧道信息，并向蜂窝无源管理功能发送RAN的IP地址信息、隧道信息和/或RAN无源业务支持能力信息。
情况三，RAN可以通过和蜂窝网络核心网网元交互，确定蜂窝无源管理功能的IP地址信息和/或隧道信息，并通过Np1接口向蜂窝无源管理功能RAN无源业务支持能力信息。
参见图9，图9是本公开实施例提供的信息传输方法的流程图，如图9所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤901、目标节点通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
可选地，所述第二网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：应用层事件ALE协议，HTTP，MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第二网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：TCP，UDP。
可选地，所述无源物联网相关信息包括无源业务指令和第一信息中的至少一项；所述目标节点通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括如下至少一项：
所述目标节点通过第二网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送无源业务指令；
所述目标节点通过第二网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于确定无源业务处理策略。
需要说明的是，该实施例的实现方式可以参见前述实施例的相关说明，此处不作赘述。
以下以无源设备为标签为例对本公开实施例进行举例说明：
示例一，无源设备注册。
参见图10，本公开实施例提供的无源设备注册流程包括如下步骤：
步骤a1、RAN向标签发起标签激活指令/盘点指令。其中，RAN可以选择其服务范围内的特定中间设备(如UE、中继设备等)作为激励器使用；或者使用固定为此区域标签部署的激励器作为周期性标签管理的激励器使用；或者RAN自己作为激励器使用，即RAN执行读写器和激励器两个角色。其中，为了保证盘点的成功率，上述步骤a1可以多次重复进行。
步骤a2、标签根据标签激活指令/盘点指令，向RAN发送标签激活响应/盘点响应。如果标签收到标签激活指令，即非现有无源系统的盘点指令，标签可以在响应消息中携带标签标识、标签类型、标签的移动特性中的一个或者多个信息。如果标签收到标签盘点指令，即现有无源系统的盘点指令，标签可以在响应消息中携带标签标识。
步骤a3、RAN收到标签激活响应/盘点响应后，通过Np1接口为标签向蜂窝无源管理功能发起网络注册/登记请求。
步骤a4、蜂窝无源管理功能确定是否允许标签进行注册或者登记。具体地，蜂窝无源管理功能可根据标签管理策略确定是否允许标签在蜂窝网络进行注册或者登记。
步骤a5、蜂窝无源管理功能向RAN发送标签注册/登记请求的响应消息。
步骤a6、RAN在收到标签注册/登记请求的响应消息后，向注册/激活成功的标签发送标签注册/登记或者激活状态更新指令，用于指示标签更新其在网络的注册/登记或者激活状态信息。
步骤a7、标签向标签注册激活设备发送标签注册/登记或者激活状态更新响应。
步骤a8、蜂窝无源管理功能在标签成功注册/登记后可主动向无源物联网服务器推动标签激活信息，包括标签标识信息、标签类型、标签的特性等信息中的一个或者多个。
本实施例提供的无源标签注册流程，无需多网元交互多步骤完成注册认证，无源注册流程较为简单。
示例二，无源业务处理。
参见图11，本公开实施例提供的无源业务处理流程包括如下步骤：
步骤b1、蜂窝无源管理功能确定无源业务处理策略。
步骤b2、RAN和蜂窝无源管理功能进行能力协商和/或IP地址配置。
步骤b3、无源物联网服务器通过Np2接口向蜂窝无源管理功能发送无源物联网指令。
步骤b4、蜂窝无源管理功能通过Np1接口向RAN发送无源物联网指令。
步骤b5、RAN可以向其服务范围或者覆盖范围内的中继器(如激励器)发送无源物联网指令，或者当RAN不需要使用中继器为其向标签发送无源物联网指令时，RAN可以自己向标签发送无源物联网指令，当RAN不需要使用中继器为其向标签发送激励信号时，RAN可以自己向标签发送激励信号。
步骤b6、RAN接收标签的无源物联网指令响应消息。
步骤b7、RAN通过Np1接口向蜂窝无源管理功能发送无源物联网指令响应消息。
步骤b8、蜂窝无源管理功能通过Np2接口向无源物联网服务器发送无源物联网指令响应消息。
其中，以无源物联网指令为盘点标签ID包含abc字符的标签为例，当Np2接口和Np1接口使用HTTP2.0协议时，步骤b3、步骤b4和步骤b7、步骤b8实现举例如下：
对于步骤b3、步骤b4，无源物联网服务器通过Np2接口向蜂窝无源管理功能发送的无源物联网指令，或者蜂窝无源管理功能通过Np21接口向RAN发送的无源物联网指令携带在HTTP2.0中，无源业务可以使用GET命令来进行标签盘点，其中，HTTP2.0头域path中标明读写器标识/RAN标识/标签标识等，在HTTP2.0头域Host中标明蜂窝无源管理功能的域名/IP:
“HEADERS
+END_STREAM
+END_HEADERS
:method＝GET
:scheme＝https
:path＝/resource(读写器标识/RAN标识/标签标识包含字段abc等)
host＝example.org(蜂窝无源管理功能的域名/IP)
accept＝txt”
对于步骤b7、步骤b8，蜂窝无源管理功能通过Np1接口获取无源物联网指令响应，通过Np2接口向无源物联网服务器发送无源物联网指令响应，在DATA中携带盘点的标签的标识信息，示例如下：
“HEADERS
-END_STREAM
+END_HEADERS
:status＝200
content-type＝txt
content-length＝xxx
DATA
+END_STREAM
{binary data(标签标识信息abcxxx)}
”
本实施例提供的无源业务处理流程，无需建立PDU会话链接，业务处理流程较为简单。
综上可知，本公开实施例提供了一种无源物联网技术与蜂窝系统的融合的系统架构，在此架构增加新的蜂窝无源管理功能以及新的接口Np，并基于此架构提出针对蜂窝无源标签的注册和无源业务的业务处理流程，无需多网元交互多步骤完成注册认证，无需建立PDU会话链接，更适用于轻量化部署场景。而现有的蜂窝网络针对蜂窝网络终端设备的注册鉴权验证流程，业务流程大多需要发起会话连接，基于会话连接进行业务传输，过程相对来说比较复杂，不适合海量的无源标签的管理和无源业务传输。
本公开实施例还提供了一种无源物联网管理节点。参见图12，图12是本公开实施例提供的无源物联网管理节点的结构图。由于无源物联网管理节点解决问题的原理与本公开实施例中无源物联网管理节点侧的信息处理方法相似，因此该无源物联网管理节点的实施可以参见方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
如图12所示，无源物联网管理节点1200包括：
第一收发模块1201，用于通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
可选地，所述第一网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：通用分组无线业务隧道协议GTP，下一代应用NG-AP协议，低级别读取器协议LLRP，超文本传输协议HTTP，消息队列遥测传输MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第一网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：流控制传输协议SCTP，传输控制协议TCP，用户数据报协议UDP。
可选地，所述第二网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：应用层事件ALE协议，HTTP，MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第二网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：TCP，UDP。
可选地，所述目标网络接口包括所述第一网络接口，所述无源物联网相关信息包括网络注册请求消息和网络注册响应消息；
所述第一收发模块具体用于：
通过所述第一网络接口，接收所述接入网设备发送的网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；
通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息。
可选地，所述无源设备的信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源设备的标识，所述无源设备的类型，所述无源设备的移动特性；
和/或，
所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点还包括：
第一获取模块，用于所述通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息之前，获取无源设备管理策略；
第一确定模块，用于根据所述无源设备管理策略，确定是否允许所述无源设备进行网络注册。
可选地，所述第一获取模块具体用于：
获取预配置的无源设备管理策略；
或者，
接收第一核心网节点发送的无源设备管理策略；
或者，
接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的无源设备管理策略。
可选地，所述无源设备管理策略包括如下一项：不对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的无源设备做认证，对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的所有无源设备提供管理服务。
可选地，在所述第一网络接口的应用层协议为GTP的情况下，所述网络注册请求消息携带于GTP消息，所述GTP消息的消息类型或下一个扩展头类型包括第一消息类型，所述第一消息类型用于指示所述GTP消息为无源设备的网络注册请求消息。
可选地，所述目标网络接口包括所述第二网络接口；所述无源物联网相关信息包括：无源业务指令；
所述第一收发模块具体用于通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令；
所述无源物联网管理节点还包括处理模块，用于对所述无源业务指令进行处理。
可选地，所述无源物联网管理节点还包括第二确定模块，用于所述对所述无源业务指令进行处理之前，确定无源业务处理策略；
所述处理模块具体用于根据所述无源业务处理策略，对所述无源业务指令进行处理。
可选地，所述无源业务处理策略包括如下至少一项：无源业务访问权限管理规则，无源业务指令处理规则，周期性盘点规则。
可选地，所述第二确定模块具体用于：
通过所述第二网络接口，接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的第一信息，并根据所述第一信息确定所述无源业务处理策略；
或者，
接收第二核心网节点发送的所述无源业务处理策略。
可选地所述无源物联网管理节点还包括：
第一配置模块，用于所述通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令之前，预配置第二信息，或者，通过所述第一网络接口接收所述接入网设备发送的第二信息，或者，从第三核心网节点获取第二信息，其中，所述第二信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备的IP地址信息，所述接入网设备的隧道信息，所述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息；
和/或，
所述第一收发模块，还用于通过所述第一网络接口向所述接入网设备发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源物联网管理节点的IP地址信息，所述无源物联网管理节点的隧道信息。
可选地，所述处理模块具体用于：
在所述无源业务指令的类型为实时类型的情况下，向所述接入网设备发送所述无源业务指令；
在所述无源业务指令的类型为非实时类型的情况下，向所述无源物联网服务器发送所述无源业务指令的响应。
可选地，所述无源业务指令中携带有第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述无源业务指令的类型。
本公开实施例提供的无源物联网管理节点，可以执行上述无源物联网管理节点侧的方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。
本公开实施例还提供了一种接入网设备。参见图13，图13是本公开实施例提供的接入网设备的结构图。由于接入网设备解决问题的原理与本公开实施例中接入网设备侧的信息处理方法相似，因此该接入网设备的实施可以参见方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
如图13所示，接入网设备1300包括：
第二收发模块1301，用于通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
可选地，所述第一网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：通用分组无线业务隧道协议GTP，下一代应用NG-AP协议，低级别读取器协议LLRP，超文本传输协议HTTP，消息队列遥测传输MQTT协议；
和/或，
所述第一网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：流控制传输协议SCTP，传输控制协议TCP，用户数据报协议UDP。
可选地，所述无源物联网相关信息包括网络注册请求消息和网络注册响应消息；所述第二收发模块具体用于：
通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；
通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息。
可选地，所述无源设备的信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源设备的标识，所述无源设备的类型，所述无源设备的移动特性；
和/或，
所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
可选地，所述接入网设备还包括：
第一接收模块，用于所述通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息之前，接收无源设备发送的第一响应消息，其中，所述第一响应消息为激活指令的响应消息或盘点指令的响应消息，所述第一响应消息包括所述无源设备的信息；
所述接入网设备还包括：
第一发送模块，用于所述通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息之后，向无源设备发送第二指示信息，其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述无源设备的状态，或者用于指示更新所述无源设备的状态。
可选地，所述接入网设备还包括：
第二配置模块，用于预配置第三信息，或者，通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的第三信息，或者，从第四核心网节点获取第三信息，其中，所述第三信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源物联网管理节点的IP地址信息，所述无源物联网管理节点的隧道信息；
和/或，
所述第二收发模块，还用于通过所述第一网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送第二信息，其中，所述第二信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备的IP地址信息，所述接入网设备的隧道信息，所述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息。
本公开实施例提供的接入网设备，可以执行上述接入网设备侧的方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。
本公开实施例还提供了一种目标节点。参见图14，图14是本公开实施例提供的目标节点的结构图。由于目标节点解决问题的原理与本公开实施例中目标节点侧的信息处理方法相似，因此该目标节点的实施可以参见方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
如图14所示，目标节点1400包括：
第三收发模块1401，用于通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
可选地，所述第二网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：应用层事件ALE协议，HTTP，MQTT协议；
和/或，所述第二网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：TCP，UDP。
可选地，所述无源物联网相关信息包括无源业务指令和第一信息中的至少一项；所述第三收发模块具体用于如下至少一项：
通过第二网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送无源业务指令；
通过第二网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于确定无源业务处理策略。
本公开实施例提供的目标节点，可以执行上述目标节点侧的方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。
本公开实施例还提供了一种信息传输系统，包括无源设备、接入网设备、无源物联网管理节点、目标节点和目标网络接口；
其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
其中，上述无源物联网管理节点可以为上述图12所示的实施例提供的无源物联网管理节点，上述接入网设备可以为上述图13所示的实施例提供的接入网设备，上述目标节点可以为上述图14所示的实施例提供的目标节点，为避免重复，在此不做赘述。
本公开实施例还提供了一种无源物联网管理节点。如图15所示，本公开实施例的无源物联网管理节点，包括：处理器1500，用于读取存储器1520中的程序，执行下列过程：
通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
其中，在图15中，总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器1500代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器1520代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机1510可以是多个元件，即包括发送机和收发机，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。处理器1500负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器1520可以存储处理器1500在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本公开实施例提供的无源物联网管理节点，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。
本公开实施例还提供了一种接入网设备。如图16所示，本公开实施例的终端，包括：处理器1600，收发机1610，处理器1600用于读取存储器1620中的程序，执行下列过程：
通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
其中，在图16中，总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器1600代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器1620代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机1610可以是多个元件，即包括发送机和接收机，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。针对不同的用户设备，用户接口1630还可以是能够外接内接需要设备的接口，连接的设备包括但不限于小键盘、显示器、扬声器、麦克风、操纵杆等。
处理器1600负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器1620可以存储处理器1600在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本公开实施例提供的接入网设备，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。
本公开实施例还提供了一种目标节点。如图17所示，本公开实施例的目标节点，包括：处理器1700，用于读取存储器1720中的程序，执行下列过程：
通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
其中，在图17中，总线架构可以包括任意数量的互联的总线和桥，具体由处理器1700代表的一个或多个处理器和存储器1720代表的存储器的各种电路链接在一起。总线架构还可以将诸如外围设备、稳压器和功率管理电路等之类的各种其他电路链接在一起，这些都是本领域所公知的，因此，本文不再对其进行进一步描述。总线接口提供接口。收发机1710可以是多个元件，即包括发送机和收发机，提供用于在传输介质上与各种其他装置通信的单元。处理器1700负责管理总线架构和通常的处理，存储器1720可以存储处理器1700在执行操作时所使用的数据。
本公开实施例提供的目标节点，可以执行上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。
此外，本公开实施例的计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序可被处理器执行实现以下步骤：
通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元；
或者，
通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口；
或者，
通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
在本公开所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露方法和装置，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
另外，在本公开各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理包括，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用硬件加软件功能单元的形式实现。
上述以软件功能单元的形式实现的集成的单元，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。上述软件功能单元存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本公开各个实施例所述收发方法的部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述是本公开的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (31)

  1. 一种信息传输方法，所述方法包括：
    无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
    其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：通用分组无线业务隧道协议GTP，下一代应用NG-AP协议，低级别读取器协议LLRP，超文本传输协议HTTP，消息队列遥测传输MQTT协议；
    和/或，
    所述第一网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：流控制传输协议SCTP，传输控制协议TCP，用户数据报协议UDP。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第二网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：应用层事件ALE协议，HTTP，MQTT协议；
    和/或，
    所述第二网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：TCP，UDP。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述目标网络接口包括所述第一网络接口；所述无源物联网相关信息包括网络注册请求消息和网络注册响应消息；
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，接收所述接入网设备发送的网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述无源设备的信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源设备的标识，所述无源设备的类型，所述无源设备的移动特性；
    和/或，
    所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口，向所述接入网设备发送网络注册响应消息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点获取无源设备管理策略；
    所述无源物联网管理节点根据所述无源设备管理策略，确定是否允许所述无源设备进行网络注册。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网管理节点获取无源设备管理策略，包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点获取预配置的无源设备管理策略；
    或者，
    所述无源物联网管理节点接收第一核心网节点发送的无源设备管理策略；
    或者，
    所述无源物联网管理节点接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的无源设备管理策略。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述无源设备管理策略包括如下一项：不对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的无源设备做认证，对从接入网设备获取的无源消息中所指示的所有无源设备提供管理服务。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，在所述第一网络接口的应用层协议为GTP的情况下，所述网络注册请求消息携带于GTP消息，所述GTP消息的消息类型或下一个扩展头类型包括第一消息类型，所述第一消息类型用于指示所述GTP消息为无源设备的网络注册请求消息。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述目标网络接口包括所述第二网络接口；所述无源物联网相关信息包括：无源业务指令；
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令；
    所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点确定无源业务处理策略；
    所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理，包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点根据所述无源业务处理策略，对所述无源业务指令进行处理。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述无源业务处理策略包括如下至少一项：无源业务访问权限管理规则，无源业务指令处理规则，周期性盘点规则。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网管理节点确定无源业务处理策略，包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收所述无源物联网服务器发送的第一信息，并根据所述第一信息确定所述无源业务处理策略；
    或者，
    所述无源物联网管理节点接收第二核心网节点发送的所述无源业务处理策略。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第二网络接口，接收无源物联网服务器发送的无源业务指令之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述无源物联网管理节点预配置第二信息，或者，通过所述第一网络接口接收所述接入网设备发送的第二信息，或者，从第三核心网节点获取第二信息，其中，所述第二信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备的IP地址信息，所述接入网设备的隧道信息，所述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息；
    和/或，
    所述无源物联网管理节点通过所述第一网络接口向所述接入网设备发送第三信息，其中，所述第三信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源物联网管理节点的IP地址信息，所述无源物联网管理节点的隧道信息。
  15. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网管理节点对所述无源业务指令进行处理，包括：
    在所述无源业务指令的类型为实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述接入网设备发送所述无源业务指令；
    在所述无源业务指令的类型为非实时类型的情况下，所述无源物联网管理节点向所述无源物联网服务器发送所述无源业务指令的响应。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，所述无源业务指令中携带有第一指示信息，所述第一指示信息用于指示所述无源业务指令的类型。
  17. 一种信息传输方法，所述方法包括：
    接入网设备通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
    其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述第一网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：通用分组无线业务隧道协议GTP，下一代应用NG-AP协议，低级别读取器协议LLRP，超文本传输协议HTTP，消息队列遥测传输MQTT协议；
    和/或，
    所述第一网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：流控制传输协议SCTP，传输控制协议TCP，用户数据报协议UDP。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网相关信息包括网络注册请求消息和网络注册响应消息；所述接入网设备通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括：
    所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息，其中，所述网络注册请求消息用于请求对无源设备进行网络注册，所述网络注册请求消息包括所述无源设备的信息和所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息中的至少一项；
    所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述无源设备的信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源设备的标识，所述无源设备的类型，所述无源设备的移动特性；
    和/或，
    所述接入网设备的无源业务相关能力信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备是否具备无源业务读写设备功能的指示信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所服务的无源设备的信息，所述接入网设备作为读写设备所覆盖的服务范围。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口向所述无源物联网管理节点发送网络注册请求消息之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网设备接收无源设备发送的第一响应消息，其中，所述第一响应消息为激活指令的响应消息或盘点指令的响应消息，所述第一响应消息包括所述无源设备的信息；
    所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的网络注册响应消息之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网设备向无源设备发送第二指示信息，其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述无源设备的状态，或者用于指示更新所述无源设备的状态。
  22. 根据权利要求17至19中任一项所述的方法，所述方法还包括：
    所述接入网设备预配置第三信息，或者，通过所述第一网络接口接收所述无源物联网管理节点发送的第三信息，或者，从第四核心网节点获取第三信息，其中，所述第三信息包括如下至少一项：所述无源物联网管理节点的IP地址信息，所述无源物联网管理节点的隧道信息；
    和/或，
    所述接入网设备通过所述第一网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送第二信息，其中，所述第二信息包括如下至少一项：所述接入网设备的IP地址信息，所述接入网设备的隧道信息，所述接入网设备的无源业务能力信息。
  23. 一种信息传输方法，所述方法包括：
    目标节点通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
    其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中，所述第二网络接口的应用层协议包括如下一项：应用层事件ALE协议，HTTP，MQTT协议；
    和/或，
    所述第二网络接口的传输层协议包括如下一项：TCP，UDP。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述无源物联网相关信息包括无源业务指令和第一信息中的至少一项；所述目标节点通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输，包括如下至少一项：
    所述目标节点通过第二网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送无源业务指令；
    所述目标节点通过第二网络接口，向所述无源物联网管理节点发送第一信息，其中，所述第一信息用于确定无源业务处理策略。
  26. 一种无源物联网管理节点，所述无源物联网管理节点包括：
    第一收发模块，用于通过目标网络接口进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
    其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
  27. 一种接入网设备，所述接入网设备包括：
    第二收发模块，用于通过第一网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
    其中，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与所述接入网设备之间的接口。
  28. 一种目标节点，所述目标节点包括：
    第三收发模块，用于通过第二网络接口与无源物联网管理节点进行无源物联网相关信息传输；
    其中，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
  29. 一种信息传输系统，包括无源设备、接入网设备、无源物联网管理节点、目标节点和目标网络接口；
    其中，所述目标网络接口包括第一网络接口和第二网络接口中的至少一项，所述第一网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与接入网设备之间的接口，所述第二网络接口为所述无源物联网管理节点与目标节点之间的接口，所述目标节点包括无源物联网服务器或网络开放网元。
  30. 一种通信设备，包括：收发机、存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序；
    所述处理器，用于读取存储器中的程序实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法中的步骤；或者实现如权利要求17至22中任一项所述的方法中的步骤；或者实现如权利要求23至25中任一项所述的方法中的步骤。
  31. 一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至16中任一项所述的方法中的步骤；或者实现如权利要求17至22中任一项所述的方法中的步骤；或者实现如权利要求23至25中任一项所述的方法中的步骤。
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CN118803641A (zh) * 2023-12-04 2024-10-18 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统

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CN117119082A (zh) * 2023-08-15 2023-11-24 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 信息传输方法、装置、系统、相关设备及可读存储介质
CN118803641A (zh) * 2023-12-04 2024-10-18 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统

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US20230080899A1 (en) * 2019-11-08 2023-03-16 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Universal gateway devices, systems and methods for integrating disparate protocols
CN117119082A (zh) * 2023-08-15 2023-11-24 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 信息传输方法、装置、系统、相关设备及可读存储介质
CN118803641A (zh) * 2023-12-04 2024-10-18 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 一种信息传输方法、相关设备及信息传输系统

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