WO2025108403A1 - 一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025108403A1
WO2025108403A1 PCT/CN2024/133701 CN2024133701W WO2025108403A1 WO 2025108403 A1 WO2025108403 A1 WO 2025108403A1 CN 2024133701 W CN2024133701 W CN 2024133701W WO 2025108403 A1 WO2025108403 A1 WO 2025108403A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
fire
level
pack
installation
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Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/133701
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李华兵
李宏昆
胡珍
付巧宇
李先军
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Hubei Jiandun Fire Technology Co Ltd
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Hubei Jiandun Fire Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025108403A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025108403A1/zh
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/12—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to undesired emission of substances, e.g. pollution alarms
    • G08B21/16—Combustible gas alarms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00—Signalling systems according to two or more of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06—Signalling systems according to two or more of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of fire protection of energy storage containers, and in particular to a multifunctional fire protection system and method for electrochemical energy storage systems.
  • the energy storage system has a large capacity. Once thermal runaway occurs, chemical reactions will continue, continuously releasing heat, including the generation of various flammable gases. Therefore, early detection is particularly important for firefighting. And for system integration, the challenges of the fire extinguishing system are also very great.
  • the system usually relies on monitoring devices to transmit data to determine whether there is a fire.
  • Monitoring devices usually use sensors and other detection devices. In the case of a fire in the battery pack, the detector is easily damaged, which increases the cost of fire prevention;
  • the number of detectors is limited based on cost calculations. Its main monitoring range depends on the sensing end. When there are signs of fire far away from the sensing end, it takes a certain amount of time for the temperature within the sensing end to reach the set value. The detection has a slight lag and cannot handle the fire source in a timely and accurate manner. The detection module has a high false alarm rate. It takes a certain amount of time for the smoke sensor, temperature sensor, combustible gas sensor and other detection modules to transmit the signal from the ignition point to the sensing response and exceed the set value.
  • the detection device introduces additional electrical components into the battery cluster.
  • a large amount of combustible gas overflows from the pressure relief valve.
  • electrical components such as detectors come into contact with the combustible gas, which may cause a secondary fire and pose a safety hazard.
  • the detection module is an electronic component and requires regular maintenance and inspection.
  • the installation space in the battery PACK box is limited, and there are many battery PACK boxes in a large energy storage container, which makes installation and maintenance inconvenient;
  • the device When the device is processed, it usually makes a judgment through smoke, temperature and combustible gas, and lacks a system that uses information to conduct fire fighting intelligently;
  • the present invention provides a multifunctional fire protection system and method for an electrochemical energy storage system, aiming to solve the problems of high cost, potential safety hazards, delayed root fire detection reaction, high false alarm rate, inconvenient maintenance and installation, and single judgment information processing and delay required in the fire fighting process of the above-mentioned larger energy storage containers.
  • a multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system including an energy storage container, a PACK-level fire extinguishing device and an installation-level fire extinguishing device, wherein the energy storage container is provided with a plurality of battery clusters, each battery cluster is provided with a plurality of battery PACK boxes, the energy storage container is provided with an installation-level fire protection subsystem for the overall fire protection of the energy storage container, and the installation-level fire protection subsystem corresponds to the container body one by one, each of the battery PACK boxes is provided with a PACK-level fire protection subsystem for the fire protection of a single battery PACK box, and the PACK-level fire protection subsystem corresponds to the battery PACK box one by one;
  • the installation-level fire protection subsystem includes a power-on detection component, a gas fire extinguishing controller, an installation-level fire extinguishing device, an audible and visual alarm, an alarm bell, and an explosion-proof ventilation system arranged in the container.
  • the power-on detection component forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller.
  • the nozzle of the installation-level fire extinguishing device faces the battery cluster in the container.
  • the power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding audible and visual alarm, an alarm bell, and an explosion-proof ventilation system through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller.
  • Each of the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystems includes a physical detection component and a corresponding PACK-level fire-extinguishing device.
  • the PACK-level fire-extinguishing device is arranged on the corresponding battery PACK box, and the nozzle of the PACK-level fire-extinguishing device covers the battery PACK box.
  • the physical detection components are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the box, and the physical detection components form a starting coordination with the corresponding PACK-level fire-extinguishing device.
  • the power-on detection component includes a temperature detector, a smoke detector, a CO detector and a hydrogen detector.
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller when only the electrical signal value of the smoke detector after detecting smoke exceeds the set value, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a first-level warning signal to the control center after receiving the electrical signal of the detector, and reminds personnel to take emergency measures through the sound and light alarm.
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller when the electrical signal values generated by the smoke detector and the temperature detector exceed the set values, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a secondary warning signal after receiving the electrical signal from the detector and transmits it to the control center, and activates the sound and light alarm and the alarm bell. After the gas fire extinguishing controller generates the secondary warning signal, it delays sending a start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device.
  • the delay duration is adjusted by the gas fire extinguishing controller, and the gas fire extinguishing controller is also connected to a start button and an emergency stop button.
  • the explosion-proof ventilation system is activated to limit the concentration of the combustible gas to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit.
  • the physical detection components are all thermal wires, and the thermal wires of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the corresponding battery PACK box.
  • the installation-level fire protection subsystem further includes a water sprinkler system, which is disposed on the top of the container.
  • the water sprinkler system includes a plurality of sprinkler heads, all of which spray downward and whose spraying ranges cover all battery clusters in the container.
  • the PACK-level fire extinguishing device is an electric-thermal dual-start aerosol fire extinguishing device.
  • the electric initiator or the thermistor wire burns to activate the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device.
  • the heat released by the aerosol generator through the redox reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, so that the aerosol generator and the coolant jointly participate in the fire extinguishing.
  • the installation-level fire extinguishing device is an electrically-activated aerosol fire extinguishing device. After receiving an electrical start signal, the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device.
  • the aerosol generator produces a fire extinguishing agent through a combustion reaction. The heat released during the reaction causes the chemical coolant to decompose.
  • the aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the coolant play a synergistic role and participate in fire extinguishing.
  • a multi-level simple fire protection method for an electrochemical energy storage system comprises the following steps:
  • S2 Arrange the power-on detection components, gas fire extinguishing controller, installation-level fire extinguishing device, sound and light alarm, alarm, water sprinkler system and explosion-proof ventilation system in the S1 installation-level fire protection subsystem.
  • the power-on detection components include temperature detectors, smoke detectors, CO detectors and hydrogen detectors.
  • the power-on detection components in the installation-level fire protection subsystem form delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device through the gas fire extinguishing controller, and the power-on detection components form start coordination with the corresponding sound and light alarm, alarm and explosion-proof ventilation system through the gas fire extinguishing controller;
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller In the first-level warning stage in S3, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a first-level warning signal to the control center, and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm to remind personnel to take emergency measures;
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller In the secondary warning stage of S5, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a secondary warning signal to the control center, and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm and alarm bell to remind personnel to take emergency measures. At the same time, the gas fire extinguishing controller sends an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device after generating the secondary warning signal;
  • S9 Install a corresponding PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem on each battery PACK box, the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem including a corresponding physical detection component and a PACK-level fire-fighting device, so that the physical detection component in the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem and the corresponding PACK-level fire-fighting device form a startup coordination;
  • the present invention uses a physical detection component as the starting line of each fire extinguishing device, so that it is evenly distributed in each monitoring area, and all-round protection is carried out, the cost is reduced, the coverage is wide, the response speed is improved, and the fire information is obtained in the first time. It is easier to install and arrange the battery PACK box, saving installation space;
  • the physical and chemical properties of the thermal line become the starting line of the fire extinguishing device.
  • the fire extinguishing component is ignited to spray the agent.
  • the power-on detection component is only used in the installation-level protection system of the energy storage container, which reduces the possibility of secondary accidents.
  • the physical detection component and the power-on detection component complement each other to make up for each other's detection range, and the physical detection component makes up for the sensing time, reducing the maintenance inspection frequency of the power-on detection component;
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller can not only respond in stages, but also enter the pre-release stage in the secondary warning stage, and electrically start the installation-level fire extinguishing device after the delay setting time, leaving enough time for evacuation, preliminary inspection, and closing the container door;
  • the device detects the concentration of combustible gas through CO detectors and hydrogen detectors, and then starts the explosion-proof ventilation system according to the concentration of combustible gas to achieve emergency treatment of combustible gas; the addition of start button and emergency stop button can cope with more situations, switch to manual operation when manual operation is required, and facilitate emergency treatment; the water sprinkler system is the last line of defense to deal with re-ignition and try to avoid damage to electrical components.
  • FIG1 is a schematic front view of an energy storage container according to the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic top view of an energy storage container of the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a wiring diagram of the installation-level fire protection subsystem of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a PACK-level fire protection subsystem of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another PACK-level fire protection subsystem layout of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a PACK-level fire extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of an installation-level fire extinguishing device of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the air intake system of the explosion-proof ventilation system of the present invention.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the exhaust system of the explosion-proof ventilation system of the present invention.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the fire protection system flow of the present invention.
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the installation-level fire protection subsystem flow of the present invention.
  • a multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system includes an energy storage container 1, a PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 and an installation-level fire extinguishing device 5.
  • the energy storage container 1 is provided with a plurality of battery clusters 11, each battery cluster 11 is provided with a plurality of battery PACK boxes 2, the energy storage container 1 is provided with an installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 for overall fire protection of the energy storage container 1, and the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 corresponds to the container body one by one, each of the battery PACK boxes 2 is provided with a PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 for fire protection of a single battery PACK box 2, and the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 corresponds to the battery PACK box 2 one by one;
  • the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 includes a power-on detection component, a gas fire extinguishing controller 10, an installation-level fire extinguishing device 5, an audible and visual alarm 15, an alarm 14, and an explosion-proof ventilation system 19 arranged in the container.
  • the power-on detection component forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller 10.
  • the nozzle of the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 faces the battery cluster in the container.
  • the power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding audible and visual alarm 15, the alarm 14, and the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller 10.
  • Each of the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystems 4 includes a physical detection component and a corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6.
  • the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is arranged on the corresponding battery PACK box 2, and the nozzle of the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 covers the battery PACK box 2.
  • the physical detection components are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the box, and the physical detection components and the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 form a starting coordination.
  • Embodiment 1 provides a multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system.
  • the fire protection system is classified into an installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 for the entire energy storage container 1 and a PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 for a single battery PACK box 2 according to the structure of the energy storage container 1.
  • the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 is used to detect the root fire source early and extinguish the fire quickly, and the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 is used to extinguish the fire and cool down the box to avoid casualties.
  • the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 uses thermistor 7 as a physical detection component.
  • the temperature affects the physical and chemical properties of thermistor 7 to ignite the fire extinguishing component of the corresponding fire extinguishing device to spray out the fire extinguishing agent, thereby reducing the monitoring cost and preventing other electrical components from affecting the energy storage container and each battery pack.
  • thermistor 7 When a fire occurs, it also reduces the loss and prevents the electrical components from being damaged secondary to the fire, which affects the operation of the fire protection system.
  • the internal space of the battery PACK box 2 is narrow, which makes it inconvenient to install the power-on detection component.
  • the power-on detection component senses the value change with a certain delay, which is not as comprehensive as the monitoring and timely feedback of the thermistor 7.
  • the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 uses a power-on detection component for composite monitoring.
  • a power-on detection component for composite monitoring.
  • the energy storage container 1 can be a 20-foot energy storage container for fire protection design.
  • the length, width and height of the container are 6050mm, 2430mm and 2964mm respectively. It contains 8 battery clusters, and one battery cluster contains 6 battery PACK boxes 2.
  • the length, width and height of each battery PACK box 2 are 1033mm, 1044mm and 292mm respectively.
  • the total capacity of the lithium-ion battery container is about 3.07MWh.
  • the power-on detection component includes a temperature detector 8, a smoke detector 9, a CO detector 12 and a hydrogen detector 13. It is a selected example of the power-on detection component.
  • the smoke detector 9 is electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is electrically connected to the control center, and the smoke detector 9 is electrically connected to the sound and light alarm 15 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to form a linkage.
  • the smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 are both electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, and the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is electrically connected to the control center.
  • the smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 are electrically connected to the sound and light alarm 15 and the alarm 14 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to form a linkage coordination, and the smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 are electrically connected to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to form a delayed linkage coordination.
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is provided with an adjustable delay module, and the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is also electrically connected to a start button 16 and an emergency stop button 17 .
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 When only the electrical signal value of the smoke detector 9 after detecting smoke exceeds the set value, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal to the control center after receiving the electrical signal of the detector, and reminds personnel to take emergency measures through the sound and light alarm 15.
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 when the electrical signal values generated by the smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 exceed the set values, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal after receiving the electrical signal from the detector and transmits it to the control center, and activates the sound and light alarm 15 and the alarm 14. After the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates the secondary warning signal, it delays sending a start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5.
  • the delay time is adjusted by the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, and the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is also connected with a start button 16 and an emergency stop button 17. It is convenient to manually stop the start of the fire extinguishing device, reset the system, or manually start the fire extinguishing device under special circumstances.
  • the delay time can be adjusted by the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, but it must not be less than the safety regulations.
  • the delay duration can be selected as 30s.
  • Embodiment 3 is an embodiment of realizing early warning by selecting the type of power-on detection component according to embodiment 2, and includes two stages:
  • the first stage is the first-level warning stage, that is, there is only smoke but no high temperature. At this time, there is no need to start the fire extinguishing device. Therefore, after receiving the signals of the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal and transmits it to the control center, and turns on the sound and light alarm 15. After receiving the first-level warning signal, the control center arranges personnel to carry out emergency treatment and troubleshoot the fault or fire.
  • the second stage is the secondary warning stage, that is, there is both smoke and high temperature. At this time, it is necessary to start the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire and cool down the box. Therefore, after receiving the signals of the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal and transmits it to the control center, and turns on the sound and light alarm 15 and the bell 14.
  • the bell 14 can be used to clearly judge the warning stage from the auditory aspect.
  • the control center After receiving the secondary warning signal, the control center arranges personnel to carry out emergency processing, troubleshoot faults or fires, and delays sending a start signal to start the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 after generating the secondary warning signal, leaving a certain amount of time to evacuate the staff and confirm the fire. After confirming that all personnel have been evacuated and there is indeed a fire, the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is started after the delay to extinguish the fire in the entire container.
  • the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 when the electrical signal value after any one of the CO detector 12 and the hydrogen detector 13 detects the corresponding combustible gas exceeds the set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is started to limit the concentration of the combustible gas to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit. The concentration of the combustible gas is discharged and controlled in time to prevent explosion. The moment the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is started, a switch signal is generated to notify the control center, and the control center can monitor the value of the combustible gas concentration and the operation status of the explosion-proof ventilation system 19.
  • the smoke detector 9 can be a 55000-316 type smoke detector
  • the temperature detector 8 can be a 55000-121 type temperature detector
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 can be a K11031M2 type gas fire extinguishing controller
  • the fire extinguishing agent release delay is 0 to 60s
  • the fire extinguishing agent release time is 60 to 300s
  • the sound and light alarm 15 can be a 958CHL1000 type fire sound and light alarm
  • the alarm 14 can be a CBE6-RS-024-EN type alarm
  • the emergency stop button 17 can be a K91000M10 type emergency stop button
  • the start button 16 can be a K911110M8 type manual release station.
  • the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 includes an air inlet mechanism and an air exhaust mechanism arranged relative to the cabinet body, the air inlet mechanism is located at the bottom of one side of the cabinet body, and the air exhaust mechanism is located at the top of the side opposite to the air inlet mechanism.
  • an exhaust mechanism and an air intake mechanism are arranged on opposite sides of the cabinet, and the gas delivery direction is from bottom to top, so as to facilitate the rapid discharge of combustible gas with a density lower than that of air.
  • the air intake mechanism is installed at the lower part of the energy storage container 1, and the air inputted therein is blocked by the equipment, and the air is dispersed to flow to the left and right sides and the lower part. Most of the airflow flows away from the lower layer of the energy storage container 1, and the rest flows to the exhaust mechanism from both ends of the equipment.
  • the exhaust gas extracts the internal gas of the energy storage container 1 from the bottom and both ends.
  • the top layer of gas is disturbed by the gas from the bottom and is extracted and discharged from the energy storage container 1 by the exhaust mechanism after flowing inside the energy storage container 1.
  • a combustible gas recovery and treatment device may be provided at the exhaust mechanism to prevent the combustible gas from directly existing in the environment and posing a safety hazard.
  • the physical detection components are all thermal wires 7, and the thermal wires 7 of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the corresponding battery PACK box 2.
  • Embodiment 6 is the specific selection and installation position of the physical detection components, wherein the thermal wires 7 of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 are arranged on the inner surface of the box to monitor the fire in the PACK box.
  • the thermal wire 7 of the PACK-level fire fighting subsystem 4 is arranged in an S-shaped curve on the inner surface of the battery PACK box 2, and the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is arranged in the middle of the top of the battery PACK box 2, and the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is provided with multiple nozzles, and the multiple nozzles spray in different directions, and the spray range covers the entire battery PACK box 2.
  • Embodiment 7 is one of the arrangements of the PACK-level fire fighting subsystem 4, which is installed on the top of the PACK box, and the thermal wire 7 is multi-directional, which can reduce the detection time, and is arranged in an S-shaped curve.
  • the fire extinguishing device Compared with a single horizontal or vertical arrangement, it increases the detection points and provides more reliable protection; the fire extinguishing device has multiple nozzles, which can cover the protection area in all directions, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed out in full force to extinguish the fire at the first time.
  • the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is arranged on one side of the pressure relief valve of the battery PACK box 2, and a thermistor 7 is arranged above the pressure relief valve of the battery PACK box 2.
  • the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is provided with multiple nozzles, and the multiple nozzles spray in different directions.
  • the spray range covers the entire battery PACK box 2, and at least one nozzle among the multiple nozzles is aimed at the pressure relief valve of the battery PACK box 2.
  • Embodiment 8 is another arrangement of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4.
  • the PACK box is installed on the side, and the thermistor 7 is multi-directional, which can reduce the detection time.
  • the thermistor 7 is arranged at the pressure relief valve of the PACK box. After the battery cell thermal runaway, a large amount of combustible gas overflows from the pressure relief valve. At this time, the oxygen on the surface of the box is insufficient and the ignition point cannot be reached.
  • the pressure relief valve is the contact point between air and combustible gas, and oxygen is sufficient. Therefore, this should be an important ignition point.
  • the thermistor 7 is arranged here in a limited manner, and the fire can be detected in the first time and the fire extinguishing device can be started;
  • the nozzle of the device is located near the pressure relief valve.
  • the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is an electric-thermal dual-start aerosol fire extinguishing device. After the fire extinguishing device receives an electric start signal or an open flame ignites the thermistor 7, the electric initiator or thermistor 7 burns to activate the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The heat released by the oxidation-reduction reaction of the aerosol generator decomposes the chemical coolant, thereby achieving the joint participation of the aerosol generator and the coolant in extinguishing the fire.
  • the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 can use a hot aerosol extinguishing device with a model number of QRR0.144G/S-MS-144-F-02-11, which is suitable for relatively closed spaces such as energy storage cabinets.
  • a hot aerosol extinguishing device with a model number of QRR0.144G/S-MS-144-F-02-11, which is suitable for relatively closed spaces such as energy storage cabinets.
  • the electric initiator or the thermistor burns to activate the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device.
  • the heat released by the aerosol generator through the redox reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, so that the aerosol generator and the coolant jointly participate in the fire extinguishing.
  • the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is an electrically activated aerosol fire extinguishing device.
  • the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device.
  • the aerosol generator produces a fire extinguishing agent through a combustion reaction. The heat released during the reaction causes the chemical coolant to decompose.
  • the aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the coolant play a synergistic role and participate in fire extinguishing.
  • the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 can use a fast-type aerosol extinguishing device with a model number of JAD300-U01, which is suitable for relatively closed spaces such as power distribution cabinets.
  • the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device, and the aerosol generator generates a fire extinguishing agent through a combustion reaction.
  • the heat released during the reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, and the aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the coolant play a synergistic role to participate in fire extinguishing.
  • the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 also includes a water sprinkler system 18, which is arranged on the top of the container.
  • the water sprinkler system 18 includes a plurality of sprinkler heads, the sprinkler heads all spray downward and the sprinkler range of all sprinkler heads covers all battery clusters in the container.
  • the water sprinkler system 18 in Example 11 is arranged on the top of the container as the last means of fire extinguishing. Its use will have a serious impact on the energy storage container 1 and the internal electrical components. Therefore, it is controlled manually. Only when the maintenance personnel confirm that the fire cannot be extinguished by the fire extinguishing device or the fire is likely to re-ignite, the emergency water source is manually connected to spray the energy storage container to extinguish the fire.
  • a multi-level simple fire protection method for an electrochemical energy storage system using the above system includes the following steps:
  • S2 Arrange the power-on detection component, gas fire extinguishing controller 10, installation-level fire extinguishing device 5, sound and light alarm 15, alarm 14, water sprinkler system 18 and explosion-proof ventilation system 19 in the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 of S1.
  • the power-on detection component includes a temperature detector 8, a smoke detector 9, a CO detector 12 and a hydrogen detector 13.
  • the power-on detection component in the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, and the power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding sound and light alarm 15, alarm 14 and explosion-proof ventilation system 19 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10;
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 In the secondary warning stage in S5, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal to the control center, and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm 15 and the alarm bell 14 to remind personnel to take emergency measures. At the same time, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 sends an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 after generating the secondary warning signal;
  • the entire energy storage container 1 is detected by energizing the detection component.
  • the first-level warning stage is entered, and S4 is executed.
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal to the control center, and the sound and light alarm 15 is activated to notify the staff to quickly arrive at the scene to handle the problem, conduct investigation and maintenance to prevent a larger fire.
  • S5 detects that the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9 detect that the temperature exceeds the set value and the composite fire warning signal generated by the smoke, it enters the secondary warning stage, executes S6, and the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal to the control center, and activates the alarm 14 and the sound and light alarm 15 to remind personnel to take emergency measures.
  • the primary warning stage and the secondary warning stage can be preliminarily judged by whether there is an alarm 14.
  • the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 sends an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 after generating the secondary warning signal, leaving enough time for emergency evacuation of personnel and preliminary verification of the fire situation, while not hindering the effect of fire extinguishing. After the delay is up, the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is activated;
  • the battery PACK box 2 is detected by a physical detection component.
  • the process proceeds to S8 to directly activate the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6.
  • S6 also includes the following steps: when performing installation-level fire extinguishing, after all personnel have evacuated, the door of the energy storage container 1 is closed, and when the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is started, the inside of the container becomes a relatively closed environment to prevent the continuous entry of the combustion-supporting gas, thereby enhancing the fire extinguishing effect and accelerating the speed of fire extinguishing.
  • S6 and S7 can form a linkage.
  • the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 in S7 is closed regardless of whether it is in operation, so as to further strengthen the sealing in embodiment 12. First, it is ensured that the fire is extinguished. After the fire is extinguished, if the combustible gas still exceeds the standard, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is opened for exhaust and timely maintenance is carried out.
  • S8 is a method of two special switchings.
  • S6 when the patrol personnel manually discover the fire, they can switch to manual release through the start button 16 on the gas fire extinguishing controller 10.
  • the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 can be manually started or passively started according to the monitoring situation.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统及方法，包括储能集装箱、PACK级灭火装置和安装级灭火装置，所述储能集装箱内设有安装级消防子系统，每个所述电池PACK箱上皆设有PACK级消防子系统；所述安装级消防子系统包括设于集装箱内的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器、安装级灭火装置、声光报警器、警铃和防爆通风系统，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器与对应的安装级灭火装置形成延时启动配合，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器与对应的声光报警器、警铃和防爆通风系统形成启动配合；每个PACK级消防子系统包括物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置，物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置形成启动配合。多级配合，提高效果，减少成本。

Description

一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及储能集装箱消防技术领域，特别是一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统及方法。
背景技术
随着“双碳”目标推进，大力发展新能源、优化能源结构、实现清洁低碳发展成为全球共识。储能能够促进新能源消纳，提高电力系统灵活性，支撑新型电力系统安全稳定运行，已成为构建新型电力系统的关键技术之一。近年来，尽管面临国际竞争、疫情等不利因素，但是储能产业仍保持高速发展态势。然而在储能产业高速发展的同时，储能的安全建设和运行压力也在不断增加。根据CNESA不完全统计，从2011年起全球累计发生储能安全事故70多起。即便在经历十多年发展后，2022年全球储能安全事故仍发生17起，国外还发生数起户用储能事故。除1起事故项目是铅蓄电池之外，均为锂离子电池。随着储能装机容量快速增加，储能安全隐患也在不断增加，安全已成为制约锂离子电池储能产业进一步发展的瓶颈。
对于工商业储能来说，储能系统容量大，一旦发生热失控之后，会持续地进行化学反应，持续地释放热量，包括产生各种各样的可燃性气体。所以对消防来讲，对于早期的探测尤为重要。并且对于系统集成，灭火系统的挑战也非常大。
对于较大型的储能集装箱，消防过程中存在以下问题：
1、系统通常依赖监测装置传输数据，从而判断是否存在起火情况，监测装置通常使用传感器等探测装置，在电池组存在起火的情境中，探测器容易受损，提高消防预防过程中的成本；
2、监测过程中，探测器根据成本计算其设置个数有限，其主要监测范围依赖感应端，在远离感应端有起火征兆时，感应端范围内温度达到设定值需要一定时间，探测有略微的滞后性，无法及时准确地对火源进行处理，探测模块误报率高，烟雾传感器、温度传感器及可燃气体传感器等探测模块从着火点的信号传输至感应反映并且超过设定值皆需要一定时间；
3、探测装置使得在电池簇中引入额外的电学元件，当电芯热失控后，大量的可燃气体从泄压阀处溢出，探测器等电学元件在火势影响下与可燃气体接触可能引发二次火灾，存在安全隐患；
4、探测模块属于电子元器件，需定期维护巡检，且电池PACK箱内安装空间有限，且大型储能集装箱中电池PACK箱数量多，安装和维护起来都不方便；
5、装置处理时，通常经过烟感、温感和可燃气体进行一次判断，缺少综合利用信息的智能进行消防的系统；
6、针对大型储能集装箱消防，需要延时功能，从而空出疏散以及初步确认的时间；
7、功能单一，针对不同情况需要不同的处理方式。
发明内容
本发明提供一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统及方法，旨在解决上述较大型的储能集装箱消防过程中存在的成本高、存在安全隐患、根源测火反应滞后、误报率高、维护和安装不便、单次判断信息作出处理以及需要延时的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，包括储能集装箱、PACK级灭火装置和安装级灭火装置，所述储能集装箱内设有若干电池簇，每个电池簇内设有若干电池PACK箱，所述储能集装箱内设有针对储能集装箱整体消防防护的安装级消防子系统，且安装级消防子系统与集装箱体一一对应，每个所述电池PACK箱上皆设有针对单个电池PACK箱消防防护的PACK级消防子系统，且PACK级消防子系统与电池PACK箱一一对应；
所述安装级消防子系统包括设于集装箱内的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器、安装级灭火装置、声光报警器、警铃和防爆通风系统，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器与对应的安装级灭火装置形成延时启动配合，安装级灭火装置的喷口朝向集装箱内的电池簇，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器与对应的声光报警器、警铃和防爆通风系统形成启动配合；
每个所述PACK级消防子系统包括物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置，所述PACK级灭火装置设于对应的电池PACK箱上，且PACK级灭火装置的喷口覆盖电池PACK箱，物理探测组件沿箱内表面均匀分布，且物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置形成启动配合。
作为优选地，所述通电探测组件包括感温探测器、感烟探测器、CO探测器和氢气探测器。
作为更优选地，当只有所述感烟探测器探测烟雾后的电信号值超过设定值时，气体灭火控制器接收到探测器的电信号后形成一级预警信号至控制中心，通过声光报警器提醒人员进行紧急处置。
进一步地，当所述感烟探测器和感温探测器检测形成的电信号值皆超过设定值时，气体灭火控制器接收到探测器的电信号后形成二级预警信号传输给控制中心，并启动声光报警器和警铃，且气体灭火控制器形成二级预警信号后延时向安装级灭火装置发出启动信号。
更进一步地，通过所述气体灭火控制器调节延时时长，所述气体灭火控制器还连接有启动按钮和急停按钮。
具体地，当所述CO探测器和氢气探测器任意一个探测对应可燃气体后的电信号值超过设定值时，启动防爆通风系统，限制可燃气体浓度在最低爆炸极限25％以下。
作为优选地，所述物理探测组件皆为热敏线，PACK级消防子系统的热敏线沿对应电池PACK箱的箱内表面均匀分布。
作为更优选地，所述安装级消防子系统还包括水喷淋系统，水喷淋系统设于集装箱顶部，水喷淋系统包含多个喷头，喷头的喷淋方向皆朝下且所有喷头喷淋范围覆盖集装箱内的所有电池簇。
作为优选地，所述PACK级灭火装置为电热双启动气溶胶灭火装置，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号或明火引燃热敏线后，电引发器或热敏线燃烧激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过氧化还原反应释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，实现气溶胶发生剂和冷却剂共同参与灭火；
所述安装级灭火装置为电启动气溶胶灭火装置，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号后，电引发器激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过燃烧反应产生灭火剂，反应过程中释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，气溶胶灭火剂和冷却剂发挥协同作用，参与灭火。
一种针对电化学储能系统的多级简易消防防护方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：在储能集装箱内安装对应的安装级消防子系统；
S2：将S1安装级消防子系统中的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器、安装级灭火装置、声光报警器、警铃、水喷淋系统和防爆通风系统布置好，通电探测组件包括感温探测器、感烟探测器、CO探测器和氢气探测器，并使安装级消防子系统中的通电探测组件通过气体灭火控制器与对应的安装级灭火装置形成延时启动配合，通电探测组件通过气体灭火控制器与对应的声光报警器、警铃和防爆通风系统形成启动配合；
S3：当S2中的感温探测器没检测到温度超过设定值的火灾预警信号，感烟探测器检测到烟雾产生单一火灾预警信号时，进入一级预警阶段；
S4：S3中的一级预警阶段中气体灭火控制器生成一级预警信号至控制中心，并同时启动对应声光报警器提醒人员进行紧急处置；
S5：当S2中的感温探测器和感烟探测器检测到温度超过设定值以及烟雾产生的复合火灾预警信号时，进入二级预警阶段；
S6：S5中的二级预警阶段中气体灭火控制器产生二级预警信号至控制中心，并同时启动对应声光报警器和警铃提醒人员进行紧急处置，同时气体灭火控制器在产生二级预警信号后延时向安装级灭火装置发送电启动信号；
S7：当S2中的CO探测器和氢气探测器任意一个探测对应可燃气体后的电信号值超过设定值时，启动防爆通风系统，限制可燃气体浓度在最低爆炸极限25％以下；
S8：S6中当巡查人员人为发现火情时，可以通过气体灭火控制器上的启动按钮切换至手动释放，S6中延时阶段时，当巡查人员发现火情误报，可以通过气体灭火控制器上的急停按钮使系统复位，阻止安装级灭火装置的启动；
S9：在每个电池PACK箱上安装对应的PACK级消防子系统，PACK级消防子系统包括对应的物理探测组件和PACK级灭火装置，使PACK级消防子系统中的物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置形成启动配合；
S10：当S7中的物理探测组件感应到火灾信号，直接启动PACK级灭火装置；
S11：当S6和S9中灭火装置释放完毕后，由工作人员对火情情况进行核查，当发现火情复燃时，人工接入应急水，通过水喷淋系统对集装箱内进行水喷淋灭火。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本发明在通电探测组件的基础上，使用物理探测组件作为各个灭火装置的启动线，使其均匀分布在各监控领域内，进行全方位防护，成本降低，覆盖范围广，响应速度提高，第一时间获取起火信息，针对电池PACK箱更易安装和布置，节省安装空间；
2、通过热敏线的理化性质成为灭火装置的启动线，当温度超标时引燃灭火组件喷出药剂，只在储能集装箱的安装级防护系统中使用通电探测组件，降低二次事故产生的可能性低；
3、充分利用通电探测组件以及物理探测组件的检测数据，形成一级预警阶段、二级预警阶段和PACK级起火阶段，针对不同阶段启动对应的装置进行提醒和防护，智能防护，节省成本；
4、物理探测组件与通电探测组件互补，弥补彼此的探测范围，且物理探测组件弥补感应时间，减少使用通电探测组件的维护巡检频次；
5、通过气体灭火控制器不仅可以分阶段进行响应处理，同时在针对二级预警阶段时，可以进入预释放阶段，在延时设定时长后电启动安装级灭火装置，充分留出疏散、初步核查、封闭集装箱门的时间；
6、装置通过CO探测器和氢气探测器检测可燃气浓度，然后通过可燃气浓度启动防爆通风系统，实现对可燃气体的紧急处理；启动按钮和急停按钮的加入，能够面对更多的情况，在需要手动时切换为手动操作，并且方便应急处理；水喷淋系统作为最后的防线针对复燃进行处理，尽量避免对电器元件的损坏。
附图说明
图1为本发明的储能集装箱的主视示意图；
图2为本发明的储能集装箱的俯视示意图；
图3为本发明的安装级消防子系统接线图；
图4为本发明的一种PACK级消防子系统布置示意图；
图5为本发明的另一种PACK级消防子系统布置示意图；
图6为本发明的PACK级灭火装置外观示意图；
图7为本发明的安装级灭火装置外观示意图；
图8为本发明的防爆通风系统的进气系统走向示意图；
图9为本发明的防爆通风系统的排气系统走向示意图；
图10为本发明的消防系统流程示意图；
图11为本发明的安装级消防子系统流程示意图；
图中：1、储能集装箱；2、电池PACK箱；3、安装级消防子系统；4、PACK级消防子系统；5、安装级灭火装置；6、PACK级灭火装置；7、热敏线；8、感温探测器；9、感烟探测器；10、气体灭火控制器；11、电池簇；12、CO探测器；13、氢气探测器；14、警铃；15、声光报警器；16、启动按钮；17、急停按钮；18、水喷淋系统；19、防爆通风系统。
具体实施方式
如图1、图2、图3、图10和图11所示，作为一种优选的实施例1，一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，包括储能集装箱1、PACK级灭火装置6和安装级灭火装置5，所述储能集装箱1内设有若干电池簇11，每个电池簇11内设有若干电池PACK箱2，所述储能集装箱1内设有针对储能集装箱1整体消防防护的安装级消防子系统3，且安装级消防子系统3与集装箱体一一对应，每个所述电池PACK箱2上皆设有针对单个电池PACK箱2消防防护的PACK级消防子系统4，且PACK级消防子系统4与电池PACK箱2一一对应；
所述安装级消防子系统3包括设于集装箱内的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器10、安装级灭火装置5、声光报警器15、警铃14和防爆通风系统19，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器10与对应的安装级灭火装置5形成延时启动配合，安装级灭火装置5的喷口朝向集装箱内的电池簇，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器10与对应的声光报警器15、警铃14和防爆通风系统19形成启动配合；
每个所述PACK级消防子系统4包括物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置6，所述PACK级灭火装置6设于对应的电池PACK箱2上，且PACK级灭火装置6的喷口覆盖电池PACK箱2，物理探测组件沿箱内表面均匀分布，且物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置6形成启动配合。
实施例1提供一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，消防系统针对储能集装箱1的结构，将消防系统分级为针对整个储能集装箱1的安装级消防子系统3和针对单个电池PACK箱2的PACK级消防子系统4，通过PACK级消防子系统4对根部火源进行及早探测、快速灭火，通过安装级消防子系统3对箱内进行灭火和降温，避免发生人员伤亡；
PACK级消防子系统4里使用热敏线7作为物理探测组件，依靠温度对热敏线7产生的理化性质，引燃对应灭火装置的灭火组件从而喷出灭火剂，减少监控成本，也防止其他电器元件对储能集装箱以及各个电池组产生影响，在起火时，也降低损耗，防止电器元件因起火造成二次损伤，影响消防系统的运行；电池PACK箱2内部空间狭窄，不方便安装通电探测组件，并且远离感应端的着火点起火时，通电探测组件的感应到数值变化具有一定的延时性质，不如热敏线7监测全面和反馈及时；
安装级消防子系统3内使用通电探测组件进行复合监测，箱内设有若干电池簇，电池簇又包含若干电池PACK箱2，若使用热敏线7进行监测，热敏线7容易布置的到处都是，盘根错节，反而不利于消防防护，甚至可能影响正常供电，因此采用通电探测组件进行检测，并根据检测结果进行分级处理，保证处理效果同时，避免消防资源的浪费，大幅度降低消防的建设成本；而在火情产生时，因为箱内可能还有工作人员或者巡查人员，因此在检测到火情的一瞬间，除了产生信号给控制中心、警铃14和声光报警器15通知各人员疏散，同时通过气体灭火控制器10延时启动对应的安装级灭火装置5，给工作人员疏散和紧急核查留下时间，使消防过程符合国家标准。
作为优选地，储能集装箱1可选择20尺储能集装箱进行消防防护设计，集装箱长宽高尺寸分别为6050mm、2430mm、2964mm，内含8个电池簇，一个电池簇内含6个电池PACK箱2，每个电池PACK箱2长宽高尺寸分别为1033mm、1044mm、292mm。该锂离子电池集装箱总容量约为3.07MWh。
作为一种优选的实施例2，所述通电探测组件包括感温探测器8、感烟探测器9、CO探测器12和氢气探测器13。为通电探测组件的一种选择例子。
如图3和图11所示，作为一种优选的实施例3，所述感烟探测器9与气体灭火控制器10电性连接，气体灭火控制器10与控制中心电性连接，且感烟探测器9通过气体灭火控制器10接与声光报警器15电性连接形成联动配合。
所述感烟探测器9和感温探测器8皆与气体灭火控制器10电性连接，气体灭火控制器10与控制中心电性连接，感烟探测器9和感温探测器8通过气体灭火控制器10与声光报警器15和警铃14电性连接形成联动配合，且感烟探测器9和感温探测器8通过气体灭火控制器10与安装级灭火装置5电性连接形成延时联动配合。
所述气体灭火控制器10内设有可调节的延时模块，所述气体灭火控制器10还电性连接有启动按钮16和急停按钮17。
当只有所述感烟探测器9探测烟雾后的电信号值超过设定值时，气体灭火控制器10接收到探测器的电信号后形成一级预警信号至控制中心，通过声光报警器15提醒人员进行紧急处置。
作为优选地，当所述感烟探测器9和感温探测器8检测形成的电信号值皆超过设定值时，气体灭火控制器10接收到探测器的电信号后形成二级预警信号传输给控制中心，并启动声光报警器15和警铃14，且气体灭火控制器10形成二级预警信号后延时向安装级灭火装置5发出启动信号。
作为优选地，通过所述气体灭火控制器10调节延时时长，所述气体灭火控制器10还连接有启动按钮16和急停按钮17。方便在特殊情况下人工停止灭火装置启动、复位系统，或者手动启动灭火装置，可以通过气体灭火控制器10调整延时时长，但是最少不得少于安全规定。
作为优选地，延时的时长可选为30s。
实施例3为根据实施例2的通电探测组件选用种类实现预警的一种实施例，包含两个阶段：
第一个阶段为一级预警阶段，即只有烟雾而无高温的情况，此时还不需要启动灭火消防装置，因此，当接收到感温探测器8和感烟探测器9各自的信号后，气体灭火控制器10生成一级预警信号传输至控制中心，并开启声光警报器15，控制中心收到一级预警信号后安排人员进行紧急处理，排查故障或者火情；
第二个阶段为二级预警阶段，即又有烟雾又有高温的情况，此时需要启动灭火消防装置对箱内进行灭火和降温，因此，当接收感温探测器8和感烟探测器9各自的信号后，气体灭火控制器10生成二级预警信号传输至控制中心，并开启声光警报器15和响铃14，通过响铃14可以从听觉方面比较明显地判断预警阶段，控制中心收到二级预警信号后安排人员进行紧急处理，排查故障或者火情，并在生成二级预警信号后延时发送启动信号启动安装级灭火装置5，留出一定的时间用来疏散工作人员和确认火情，确认人员都疏散且确实存在火情后，安装级灭火装置5在延时结束后启动，对集装箱内整体进行灭火。
如图11所示，作为一种优选的实施例4，当所述CO探测器12和氢气探测器13任意一个探测对应可燃气体后的电信号值超过设定值时，启动防爆通风系统19，限制可燃气体浓度在最低爆炸极限25％以下。及时排出并控制可燃气体浓度，防止爆炸，防爆通风系统19启动的瞬间会产生开关量信号，通知控制中心，控制中心可以监测可燃气体浓度的数值以及防爆通风系统19运行状况。
作为优选地，所述感烟探测器9可选用55000-316型感烟探测器，所述感温探测器8可选用55000-121型感温探测器，所述气体灭火控制器10可选用K11031M2型气体灭火控制器，灭火剂释放延时为0～60s，灭火剂释放时间为60～300s，声光报警器15可选用958CHL1000型火灾声光报警器，警铃14可选用CBE6-RS-024-EN型警铃，急停按钮17可选用K91000M10型急停按钮，启动按钮16可选用K911110M8型手动释放站。
如图8和图9所示，作为一种优选的实施例5，所述防爆通风系统19包括关于柜体相对布置的进风机构和排风机构，进风机构位于柜体一侧的底部，排风机构位于与进风机构相对一侧的顶部。
作为优选地，一种可燃气体疏散方式，在柜体相对的两侧分别布置排风机构和进风机构，且气体输送方向下进上出，便于将密度比空气小的可燃气体迅速排出，进风机构安装在储能集装箱1下部，其输入的空气受到设备的阻挡，空气分散向左右两侧及下部流动，大部分的气流从储能集装箱1下层流走，其余多数从设备两端流向排风机构；
从排风机构流线分布看出，排气从底部及两端抽取储能集装箱1内部气体，顶层气体受到来自底部的气体扰动，在储能集装箱1内部流动后被排风机构抽取排出储能集装箱1。
作为优选地，排风机构处可设置可燃气体回收以及处理装置，防止可燃气体直接存在于环境内成为安全隐患。
如图10所示，作为一种优选的实施例6，所述物理探测组件皆为热敏线7，PACK级消防子系统4的热敏线7沿对应电池PACK箱2的箱内表面均匀分布。实施例6则是物理探测组件的具体选择和安装位置，其中PACK级消防子系统4的热敏线7布置在箱内表面，对PACK箱内的火情进行监控。
如图4所示，作为一种优选的实施例7，所述PACK级消防子系统4的热敏线7在电池PACK箱2箱内表面呈S型曲线排列，PACK级灭火装置6设于电池PACK箱2顶部中间位置，且PACK级灭火装置6设有多个喷口，多个喷口沿不同方向喷射，喷射范围覆盖整个电池PACK箱2。实施例7为其中一种PACK级消防子系统4的布置方式，PACK箱顶部安装，热敏线7多方向出线，可减少探测时间，以S型曲线进行布置，相比于单一的横向或纵向布置，增加了探测点，防护更可靠；灭火装置多喷口，可全方位覆盖防护区，第一时间将灭火药剂全部喷出进行灭火。
如图5所示，作为一种优选的实施例8，所述PACK级灭火装置6设于电池PACK箱2泄压阀一侧，且电池PACK箱2泄压阀上方设有热敏线7，PACK级灭火装置6设有多个喷口，多个喷口沿不同方向喷射，喷射范围覆盖整个电池PACK箱2，多个喷口中至少有一个喷口对准电池PACK箱2泄压阀。实施例8为另一种PACK级消防子系统4的布置方式，PACK箱侧部安装，热敏线7多方向出线，可减少探测时间，热敏线7布置于PACK箱泄压阀处，电芯热失控后，大量的可燃气体从泄压阀处溢出，此时，箱内表面氧气不足，达不到着火点，泄压阀为空气与可燃气体接触点，氧气充足，故此处应为重要着火点，将热敏线7有限布置此处，可第一时间探测到火情并启动灭火装置；
其次，装置喷口正处泄压阀附近，装置喷放时，大量灭火药剂迅速切断可燃物与着火点，起到一部分灭火作用。
如图6所示，作为一种优选的实施例9，所述PACK级灭火装置6为电热双启动气溶胶灭火装置，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号或明火引燃热敏线7后，电引发器或热敏线7燃烧激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过氧化还原反应释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，实现气溶胶发生剂和冷却剂共同参与灭火。
作为优选地，PACK级灭火装置6可选用型号为QRR0.144G/S-MS-144-F-02-11的热气溶胶灭装置，适用于储能柜等相对封闭空间场所。当火灾发生时，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号或明火引燃热敏线后，电引发器或热敏线燃烧激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过氧化还原反应释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，实现气溶胶发生剂和冷却剂共同参与灭火。
其中，其参考参数为如下：
工作环境温度范围：－40℃～+70℃；启动方式：电热双启；喷放时间：≤15s；氧化剂名称及含量：硝酸锶、硝酸钾50％～58％；保护空间：2m3；热引发器启动温度：185±10℃。
如图7所示，作为一种优选的实施例8，所述安装级灭火装置5为电启动气溶胶灭火装置，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号后，电引发器激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过燃烧反应产生灭火剂，反应过程中释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，气溶胶灭火剂和冷却剂发挥协同作用，参与灭火。
作为一种优选的实施例10，安装级灭火装置5可选用型号为JAD300-U01的快速型气溶胶灭装置，适用于配电柜等相对封闭空间场所。当火灾发生时，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号后，电引发器激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过燃烧反应产生灭火剂，反应过程中释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，气溶胶灭火剂和冷却剂发挥协同作用，参与灭火。
其中，其参考参数为如下：
工作环境温度范围：－40℃～+54℃；启动方式：电启动；喷放时间：≤15s；喷放滞后时间：≤2s；氧化剂名称及含量：硝酸锶50％～58％；保护空间：5m3。
作为一种优选的实施例11，所述安装级消防子系统3还包括水喷淋系统18，水喷淋系统18设于集装箱顶部，水喷淋系统18包含多个喷头，喷头的喷淋方向皆朝下且所有喷头喷淋范围覆盖集装箱内的所有电池簇。
实施例11中的水喷淋系统18布置在集装箱顶部，作为最后的灭火手段，使用会对储能集装箱1以及内部电学元件造成严重的影响，因此使用手工进行控制，只有当检修人员确认经过灭火装置无法扑灭火情或者火情存在复燃的情况时，手动接通应急水源对储能集装箱进行喷淋灭火。
如图10和图11所示，作为一种优选的实施例12，应用上述系统的一种针对电化学储能系统的多级简易消防防护方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：在储能集装箱1内安装对应的安装级消防子系统3；
S2：将S1安装级消防子系统3中的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器10、安装级灭火装置5、声光报警器15、警铃14、水喷淋系统18和防爆通风系统19布置好，通电探测组件包括感温探测器8、感烟探测器9、CO探测器12和氢气探测器13，并使安装级消防子系统3中的通电探测组件通过气体灭火控制器10与对应的安装级灭火装置5形成延时启动配合，通电探测组件通过气体灭火控制器10与对应的声光报警器15、警铃14和防爆通风系统19形成启动配合；
S3：当S2中的感温探测器8没检测到温度超过设定值的火灾预警信号，感烟探测器9检测到烟雾产生单一火灾预警信号时，进入一级预警阶段；
S4：S3中的一级预警阶段中气体灭火控制器10生成一级预警信号至控制中心，并同时启动对应声光报警器15提醒人员进行紧急处置；
S5：当S2中的感温探测器8和感烟探测器9检测到温度超过设定值以及烟雾产生的复合火灾预警信号时，进入二级预警阶段；
S6：S5中的二级预警阶段中气体灭火控制器10产生二级预警信号至控制中心，并同时启动对应声光报警器15和警铃14提醒人员进行紧急处置，同时气体灭火控制器10在产生二级预警信号后延时向安装级灭火装置5发送电启动信号；
S7：当S2中的CO探测器12和氢气探测器13任意一个探测对应可燃气体后的电信号值超过设定值时，启动防爆通风系统19，限制可燃气体浓度在最低爆炸极限25％以下；
S8：S6中当巡查人员人为发现火情时，可以通过气体灭火控制器10上的启动按钮16切换至手动释放，S6中延时阶段时，当巡查人员发现火情误报，可以通过气体灭火控制器10上的急停按钮17使系统复位，阻止安装级灭火装置5的启动；
S9：在每个电池PACK箱2上安装对应的PACK级消防子系统4，PACK级消防子系统4包括对应的物理探测组件和PACK级灭火装置6，使PACK级消防子系统4中的物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置6形成启动配合；
S10：当S7中的物理探测组件感应到火灾信号，直接启动PACK级灭火装置6；
S11：当S6和S9中灭火装置释放完毕后，由工作人员对火情情况进行核查，当发现火情复燃时，人工接入应急水，通过水喷淋系统18对集装箱内进行水喷淋灭火。
实施例12的S2中通过通电探测组件对储能集装箱1内的整体进行检测，当S3中检测到单一烟雾信号时，进入一级预警阶段，执行S4，气体灭火控制器10生成一级预警信号给控制中心，启动声光报警器15通知工作人员迅速到场处理，进行排查和检修防止产生更大的火情；
当S5检测到感温探测器8和感烟探测器9检测到温度超过设定值以及烟雾产生的复合火灾预警信号时，进入二级预警阶段，执行S6，气体灭火控制器10产生二级预警信号至控制中心，并启动警铃14和声光报警器15提醒人员进行紧急处置，通过是否有警铃14可以初步判断区分一级预警阶段和二级预警阶段，同时气体灭火控制器10在产生二级预警信号后延时向安装级灭火装置5发送电启动信号，留下足够的时间用于人员紧急疏散和火情初步核实，同时不妨碍灭火的效果，延时到时间后，启动安装级灭火装置5；
当S7检测到CO探测器12和氢气探测器13任意一个探测对应可燃气体后的电信号值超过设定值时，启动防爆通风系统19，限制可燃气体浓度在最低爆炸极限25％以下；
S7中通过物理探测组件对电池PACK箱2进行检测，当检测到火情时，进入S8直接启动对应的PACK级灭火装置6。
作为一种优选的实施例12，所述S6中还包括以下步骤，进行安装级灭火时，当所有人员疏散后，关闭储能集装箱1的箱门，并且当安装级灭火装置5启动后，使箱内成为较为密闭的环境，阻止助燃气体的持续进入，加强灭火的效果，加速灭火的速度。
作为一种优选的实施例13，S6和S7可以形成联动，当形成二级预警信号时，无论S7中的防爆通风系统19是否处于运行状态，都使其关闭，进一步加强实施例12中的密封性，首先保证火情扑灭，当火情扑灭后，若可燃气体还是超标则开启防爆通风系统19进行抽气，并及时检修。
作为一种优选的实施例14，S8作为两种特殊切换的方法，S6中当巡查人员人为发现火情时，可以通过气体灭火控制器10上的启动按钮16切换至手动释放，安装级灭火装置5可以人为手动启动，也可以根据监测情况被动启动；
S6中延时阶段时，当巡查人员发现火情误报，可以通过气体灭火控制器10上的急停按钮17使系统复位，阻止安装级灭火装置5的启动，防止火情误报，避免灭火装置启动后造成无法挽回的后果，减小成本损耗。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，包括储能集装箱(1)、PACK级灭火装置(6)和安装级灭火装置(5)，所述储能集装箱(1)内设有若干电池簇(11)，每个电池簇(11)内设有若干电池PACK箱(2)，其特征在于，所述储能集装箱(1)内设有针对储能集装箱(1)整体消防防护的安装级消防子系统(3)，且安装级消防子系统(3)与集装箱体一一对应，每个所述电池PACK箱(2)上皆设有针对单个电池PACK箱(2)消防防护的PACK级消防子系统(4)，且PACK级消防子系统(4)与电池PACK箱(2)一一对应；
    所述安装级消防子系统(3)包括设于集装箱内的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器(10)、安装级灭火装置(5)、声光报警器(15)、警铃(14)和防爆通风系统(19)，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器(10)与对应的安装级灭火装置(5)电性连接形成延时的联动配合，安装级灭火装置(5)的喷口朝向集装箱内的电池簇，通电探测组件通过对应的气体灭火控制器(10)与对应的声光报警器(15)、警铃(14)和防爆通风系统(19)电性连接形成延时的联动配合；
    每个所述PACK级消防子系统(4)包括物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置(6)，所述PACK级灭火装置(6)设于对应的电池PACK箱(2)上，且PACK级灭火装置(6)的喷口覆盖电池PACK箱(2)，物理探测组件沿箱内表面均匀分布，且物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置(6)形成联动配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述通电探测组件包括感温探测器(8)、感烟探测器(9)、CO探测器(12)和氢气探测器(13)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述感烟探测器(9)与气体灭火控制器(10)电性连接，气体灭火控制器(10)与控制中心电性连接，且感烟探测器(9)通过气体灭火控制器(10)接与声光报警器(15)电性连接形成联动配合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述感烟探测器(9)和感温探测器(8)皆与气体灭火控制器(10)电性连接，气体灭火控制器(10)与控制中心电性连接，感烟探测器(9)和感温探测器(8)通过气体灭火控制器(10)与声光报警器(15)和警铃(14)电性连接形成联动配合，且感烟探测器(9)和感温探测器(8)通过气体灭火控制器(10)与安装级灭火装置(5)电性连接形成延时的联动配合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述气体灭火控制器(10)内设有可调节的延时模块，所述气体灭火控制器(10)还电性连接有启动按钮(16)和急停按钮(17)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述CO探测器(12)和氢气探测器(13)皆与气体灭火控制器(10)电性连接，且CO探测器(12)和氢气探测器(13)通过气体灭火控制器(10)与防爆通风系统(19)电性连接形成联动配合。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述物理探测组件皆为热敏线(7)，PACK级消防子系统(4)的热敏线(7)沿对应电池PACK箱(2)的箱内表面均匀分布。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述安装级消防子系统(3)还包括水喷淋系统(18)，水喷淋系统(18)设于集装箱顶部，水喷淋系统(18)包含多个喷头，喷头的喷淋方向皆朝下且所有喷头喷淋范围覆盖集装箱内的所有电池簇。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统，其特征在于，所述PACK级灭火装置(6)为电热双启动气溶胶灭火装置，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号或明火引燃热敏线(7)后，电引发器或热敏线(7)燃烧激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过氧化还原反应释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，实现气溶胶发生剂和冷却剂共同参与灭火；
    所述安装级灭火装置(5)为电启动气溶胶灭火装置，灭火装置在接收到电启动信号后，电引发器激活灭火装置内的气溶胶发生剂，气溶胶发生剂通过燃烧反应产生灭火剂，反应过程中释放的热量使化学冷却剂分解，气溶胶灭火剂和冷却剂发挥协同作用，参与灭火。
  10. 一种使用根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的一种针对电化学储能系统的多功能消防防护系统的消防防护方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    S1：在储能集装箱(1)内安装对应的安装级消防子系统(3)；
    S2：将S1安装级消防子系统(3)中的通电探测组件、气体灭火控制器(10)、安装级灭火装置(5)、声光报警器(15)、警铃(14)、水喷淋系统(18)和防爆通风系统(19)布置好，通电探测组件包括感温探测器(8)、感烟探测器(9)、CO探测器(12)和氢气探测器(13)，并使安装级消防子系统(3)中的通电探测组件通过气体灭火控制器(10)与对应的安装级灭火装置(5)形成延时启动配合，通电探测组件通过气体灭火控制器(10)与对应的声光报警器(15)、警铃(14)和防爆通风系统(19)形成启动配合；
    S3：当S2中的感温探测器(8)没检测到温度超过设定值的火灾预警信号，感烟探测器(9)检测到烟雾产生单一火灾预警信号时，进入一级预警阶段；
    S4：S3中的一级预警阶段中气体灭火控制器(10)生成一级预警信号至控制中心，并同时启动对应声光报警器(15)提醒人员进行紧急处置；
    S5：当S2中的感温探测器(8)和感烟探测器(9)检测到温度超过设定值以及烟雾产生的复合火灾预警信号时，进入二级预警阶段；
    S6：S5中的二级预警阶段中气体灭火控制器(10)产生二级预警信号至控制中心，并同时启动对应声光报警器(15)和警铃(14)提醒人员进行紧急处置，同时气体灭火控制器(10)在产生二级预警信号后延时向安装级灭火装置(5)发送电启动信号；
    S7：当S2中的CO探测器(12)和氢气探测器(13)任意一个探测对应可燃气体后的电信号值超过设定值时，启动防爆通风系统(19)，限制可燃气体浓度在最低爆炸极限25％以下；
    S8：S6中当巡查人员人为发现火情时，可以通过气体灭火控制器(10)上的启动按钮(16)切换至手动释放，S6中延时阶段时，当巡查人员发现火情误报，可以通过气体灭火控制器(10)上的急停按钮(17)使系统复位，阻止安装级灭火装置(5)的启动；
    S9：在每个电池PACK箱(2)上安装对应的PACK级消防子系统(4)，PACK级消防子系统(4)包括对应的物理探测组件和PACK级灭火装置(6)，使PACK级消防子系统(4)中的物理探测组件与对应的PACK级灭火装置(6)形成启动配合；
    S10：当S7中的物理探测组件感应到火灾信号，直接启动PACK级灭火装置(6)；
    S11：当S6和S9中灭火装置释放完毕后，由工作人员对火情情况进行核查，当发现火情复燃时，人工接入应急水，通过水喷淋系统(18)对集装箱内进行水喷淋灭火。
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