WO2025102470A1 - 密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统 - Google Patents

密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025102470A1
WO2025102470A1 PCT/CN2023/138738 CN2023138738W WO2025102470A1 WO 2025102470 A1 WO2025102470 A1 WO 2025102470A1 CN 2023138738 W CN2023138738 W CN 2023138738W WO 2025102470 A1 WO2025102470 A1 WO 2025102470A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
energy storage
energy
connecting pipe
storage structure
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PCT/CN2023/138738
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨斌堂
武祺博
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a closed energy storage device and an integrated energy storage and power generation system.
  • energy storage technology can be divided into mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, electromagnetic field energy storage and chemical energy storage according to the form of energy after storage.
  • mechanical energy storage has multiple advantages such as high efficiency, long life, rapid response, sustainability, scalability, environmental protection, reliability and versatility.
  • It is a potential energy storage technology mainly including pumped storage, compressed air storage and flywheel storage.
  • the ocean can flexibly use the gravity, pressure, buoyancy and air of seawater to design different energy storage forms, which is also the most active area for the development of offshore energy storage technology.
  • the existing underwater energy storage methods often have an impact on the outside world. Either pollutants spread, or the operation of the unit affects the water flow, causing interference to the marine environment, which is not conducive to the protection of the marine ecological environment and has poor environmental friendliness.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a closed energy storage device and an integrated energy storage and power generation system.
  • a closed energy storage device has two states: energy storage and power generation, and includes a variable volume cavity, a connecting pipe, a flow storage structure connected to the variable volume cavity through the connecting pipe, a control valve arranged on the connecting pipe, a reversible energy storage unit, and a control unit connected to the control valve signal; the variable volume cavity, the connecting pipe, and the flow storage structure are connected to form a closed space;
  • the control valve In the energy storage state, the control valve is opened, and the fluid in the flow storage structure can be driven by the reversible energy storage unit or the flow storage structure itself, and then enter the variable volume cavity from the flow storage structure, and then the control valve is closed, and the interior of the flow storage structure becomes a negative pressure space, wherein, when the flow storage structure itself provides driving force for the fluid, the reversible energy storage unit can generate electricity during the energy storage process of the device;
  • control valve When energy release is required, the control valve is opened, and the fluid flows from the variable volume cavity into the fluid storage structure under the drive of external pressure and/or the elastic restoring force of the variable volume cavity itself, thereby driving the reversible energy storage unit to generate electricity.
  • the reversible energy storage unit can adopt any of the following structures:
  • It comprises a fluid force component and a motor assembly, wherein the motor assembly can drive the fluid force component to rotate and thus provide power for the flow of the fluid in the energy storage state; or when the fluid storage structure itself provides driving force for the fluid, the fluid can drive the fluid force component to rotate when passing through the connecting pipe, thereby driving the motor assembly to generate electricity; the motor assembly is arranged inside or outside the connecting pipe;
  • the fluid pump assembly includes a fluid pump assembly and a generator set.
  • the fluid pump assembly and the generator set are respectively arranged on the connecting pipeline.
  • the fluid pump assembly is used to transport the fluid in the fluid storage structure to the variable volume cavity.
  • the generator set can generate electricity under the drive of the fluid.
  • the electric energy required for the operation of the motor assembly comes from at least one of wind energy, solar energy, wave energy, and temperature difference energy.
  • the energy required for driving the current storage structure itself comes from at least one of chemical energy, phase change energy, and electrical energy.
  • the required energy comes from chemical energy
  • the current storage structure does not rely on external electrical energy input and has the function of independent power generation and energy storage.
  • variable volume cavity is an elastic bladder cavity or a piston cavity formed by a piston catheter component; and the flow storage structure adopts a rigid structure capable of balancing the ambient pressure.
  • a deformable body space is provided inside the fluid storage structure, the fluid fills the outside of the deformable body space and can be squeezed when the volume of the deformable body space increases.
  • control unit can control the opening of the control valve according to the needs of the device and coordinate the control of the action of the reversible energy storage unit or the drive of the flow storage structure itself so that the reversible energy storage unit can switch between the three modes of energy storage, power generation and static.
  • control valve is an electric regulating valve with a regulating accuracy less than or equal to 0.1% and a regulating range of 0 to 100%.
  • An integrated energy storage and power generation system provided according to the present invention includes a plurality of the above-mentioned closed energy storage devices.
  • a plurality of the enclosed energy storage devices are configured to be connected in series and/or in parallel so that the supply of energy can be intelligently adjusted.
  • FIG1 is a side schematic diagram of the device of the present invention in an initial state
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B in Fig. 1;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 2 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 2 when it is in an energy storage state
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 3 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 4 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 4 when it is in an energy storage state
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 5 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 6 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 7 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 7 when it is in an energy storage state
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 8 when it is in an initial state
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 8 when it is in an energy storage state
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system in Example 11.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the system in Example 12.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device in Example 9 when it is in an initial state.
  • variable volume cavity 1 fluid storage structure 2 connecting pipeline 3 power transmission transformer module 4 fixed collar 5 unit sealing connector 6 fluid force component 7 first seal 8 control valve 9 second seal 10 motor assembly 11 water pumping pipeline 12 filter 13 internal cable 14 external cable 15 electric heating device 16 deformable body space 17 fluid pump assembly 18 generator set 19 controllable explosive input end 20 fluid 21 ignition device 22 safety valve 23 waste residue cleaning pipeline 24 first piston 25 second piston 26 power output circuit 27 intelligent control system 28 power transmission line 29 power input circuit 30 reversible energy storage unit 100
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present invention provides a closed energy storage device, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which has two states: power generation and energy storage, and includes a variable volume cavity 1, a connecting pipe 3, a flow storage structure 2 connected to the variable volume cavity 1 through the connecting pipe 3, a control valve 9 arranged on the connecting pipe 3, a reversible energy storage unit 100, and a control unit connected to the control valve 9.
  • the device is preferably used underwater, and each component meets the waterproof requirement.
  • the space formed by the connection of the variable volume cavity 1, the connecting pipe 3, and the flow storage structure 2 is a closed space, and the reversible energy storage unit 100 has three modes: energy storage, power generation, and static.
  • variable volume cavity 1 adopts an elastic bladder cavity.
  • the fluid 21 is located in the fluid storage structure 2, and the variable volume cavity 1 is in an initial state, which can also be understood as a deflated state, which is also the shape of the variable volume cavity 1 in a natural state, that is, the internal space of the variable volume cavity 1 is 0 or almost 0.
  • the control unit controls the control valve 9 to open, and controls the operation of the reversible energy storage unit 100 or controls the drive of the fluid storage structure 2 itself through the control unit, so that the fluid 21 can enter the variable volume cavity 1 from the fluid storage structure 2 under the drive of the reversible energy storage unit 100 or under the drive of the fluid storage structure 2 itself.
  • the fluid 21 in the fluid storage structure 2 can enter the variable volume cavity 1 by relying on the driving force of the reversible energy storage unit 100, and the fluid 21 in the fluid storage structure 2 can also enter the variable volume cavity 1 by relying on the driving force generated by the fluid storage structure 2 itself.
  • the specific design can be flexibly selected according to the actual application scenario.
  • the energy required for driving the current storage structure 2 itself can take various forms, such as electrical energy, phase change energy, or chemical energy, etc. Chemical energy includes energy obtained from chemical reactions.
  • the reversible energy storage unit 100 includes a fluid force component (7) and a motor assembly 11. The fluid force component (7) and the motor assembly 11 are driven and connected.
  • the fluid force component (7) When the fluid force component (7) rotates, it can drive the fluid to flow. Correspondingly, the fluid flow can also drive the fluid force component (7) to rotate.
  • the fluid force component (7) can adopt a variety of structural forms, such as a turbine, and another example is a blade, etc. As shown in Figure 2, it is in the form of a turbine.
  • the motor assembly 11 and the turbine are sealed and connected via the unit sealing connector 6.
  • the fluid storage structure 2 itself provides driving force for the fluid 21
  • the fluid 21 drives the turbine to rotate when passing through the connecting pipe 3, thereby driving the motor assembly 11 to generate electricity.
  • the reversible energy storage unit 100 is in the power generation mode, and the fluid 21 enters the variable volume cavity 1 to complete the energy storage.
  • the control valve 9 is first controlled by the control unit to open. Driven by the elastic potential energy of the elastic bladder and the pressure potential energy formed by the internal and external environment, the fluid 21 flows from the variable volume cavity 1 through the connecting pipe 3 into the fluid storage structure 2.
  • the device is in the power generation state, and the reversible energy storage unit 100 is in the power generation mode. In the power generation mode, the device can supply power to the outside.
  • control unit can control the opening of the control valve 9 according to the needs of the device and coordinate the control of the driving component action of the reversible energy storage unit 100 or the flow storage structure 2 to complete the switching of the three modes of energy storage, power generation, and static, and realize the adjustment of the output power to meet the actual energy needs.
  • the bottom of the control valve 9 is connected to the flow storage structure 2 through the second seal 10, and the top of the control valve 9 is sealed and connected to the bottom of the connecting pipe 3 through the first seal 8.
  • the turbine and the motor assembly 11 are both arranged inside the connecting pipe 3 and fixed to the inner wall of the connecting pipe 3 through a bracket. When the turbine rotates, it can provide driving force for the flow of the fluid 21. Correspondingly, when the motor assembly 11 is not running, the fluid 21 can also drive the turbine to rotate when passing through the connecting pipe 3, thereby driving the motor assembly 11 to generate electricity.
  • a power transmission transformer module 4 is arranged outside the connecting pipe 3.
  • the power transmission transformer module 4 is detachably fixed to the outside of the connecting pipe 3 through a fixing ring 5 and is connected to the motor assembly 11 through an internal cable 14.
  • the internal cable 14 passes through the portion of the connecting pipe 3 and is sealed.
  • the power transmission transformer module 4 is also waterproofed.
  • the power transmission transformer module 4 is also connected to an external cable 15, which is connected to the power supply equipment to provide power supply to the motor assembly 11.
  • a pumping pipe 12 is arranged inside the flow storage structure 2.
  • the pumping pipe 12 is made of rigid material and cannot be bent.
  • a filter tip 13 is arranged at the bottom of the pumping pipe 12.
  • the top of the pumping pipe 12 is connected to the control valve 9 through a second sealing member 10.
  • the distance between the bottom end of the pumping pipe 12 and the inner wall of the flow storage structure 2 should be reduced as much as possible during design so as not to affect the water inlet.
  • the present invention stores energy by transporting fluid (gas or liquid) in a closed system to form a negative pressure space, which can store unstable energy and output it stably.
  • fluid gas or liquid
  • it has the advantages of strong environmental adaptability, high energy density, high energy utilization rate, fast response speed, flexible application scenarios and strong scalability.
  • it has better effects when applied underwater, will not interfere with the marine environment, is helpful to protect the marine ecological environment, and is highly environmentally friendly.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • This embodiment is the first preferred example of Embodiment 1.
  • the motor assembly 11 drives the turbine to rotate to provide power for the flow of the fluid 21 from the fluid storage structure 2 to the variable volume cavity 1.
  • the electric energy required for the operation of the motor assembly 11 can be new energy, such as wind energy, solar energy, wave energy, temperature difference energy, etc.
  • the motor component 11 also has a power generation function.
  • the motor component 11 in this embodiment can adopt a permanent magnet three-phase AC synchronous motor, which can realize the function of a motor and have the function of a generator.
  • the motor component 11 When the device switches from an initial state to an energy storage state, the motor component 11 performs the function of a motor.
  • the motor component 11 When the device switches from an energy storage state to an initial state, the motor component 11 performs the function of a generator.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • This embodiment is the second preferred embodiment of Embodiment 1.
  • the flow storage structure 2 itself provides driving force for the flow of the fluid 21.
  • the principle is in the form of heating and evaporating the liquid.
  • the flow storage structure 2 is a hard shell, and the variable volume cavity 1 is a soft leather bag.
  • An electric heating device 16 is provided in the flow storage structure 2.
  • the electric heating device 16 adopts an electric heating tube.
  • the water pumping process is in the form of heating and evaporating the liquid after energizing the electric heating device 16.
  • the cooling liquid in the soft leather bag flows into the flow storage structure 2, it can drive the turbine to rotate to generate electricity. That is, the energy required for the flow storage structure 2 to drive itself in this embodiment can be understood as coming from electrical energy, or it can be understood as coming from phase change energy.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • This embodiment is the third preferred embodiment of Embodiment 1.
  • the fluid storage structure 2 itself provides driving force for the flow of the fluid 21, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the electric heating device 16 uses an electric heating wire.
  • the reversible energy storage unit (100) includes a fluid pump assembly 18 and a generator set 19, and the fluid pump assembly 18 and the generator set 19 are respectively arranged on the connecting pipe 3.
  • the fluid pump assembly 18 can be used to pump the remaining fluid 21 that has not evaporated from the fluid storage structure 2 into the variable volume cavity 1 to further increase the storage energy
  • the generator set 19 is used to generate electricity when the fluid 21 flows from the variable volume cavity 1 to the fluid storage structure 2.
  • the fluid pump assembly 18 and the generator set 19 in this embodiment can be installed separately or combined into one to form a more compact reversible energy storage unit 100, including a turbine with adjustable blades and a motor assembly.
  • the reversible energy storage unit 100 can act as a water/air pump and can also operate in reverse, driving the turbine to rotate through the fluid 21 to generate electricity.
  • the specific design can be flexibly handled according to the actual scenario.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • This embodiment is the fourth preferred embodiment of Embodiment 1.
  • the electric heating device 16 is omitted, and the water pumping pipe 12 is made of flexible material, as shown in FIG8 , the water pumping pipe 12 made of flexible material can bend adaptively under its own gravity according to the posture of the device to reach the bottom of the fluid 21, so as to achieve as much as possible of the fluid inside the fluid storage structure 2.
  • the fluid 21 in the fluid storage structure 2 is pumped into the variable volume cavity 1 by the fluid pump assembly 18 to achieve energy storage.
  • Embodiment 6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 6
  • This embodiment is the fifth preferred embodiment of Embodiment 1.
  • the flow storage structure 2 itself provides driving force for the flow of the fluid 21.
  • a deformable body space 17 is provided inside the flow storage structure 2, and the fluid 21 is filled outside the deformable body space 17.
  • an electric heating device 16 is provided inside the deformable body space 17.
  • the electric heating device 16 adopts an electric heating tube.
  • the deformable body space 17 is also filled with a phase change material.
  • the electric heating device 16 is energized for heating, the phase change material expands due to the heat and drives the fluid 21 located inside the flow storage structure 2 to enter the variable volume cavity 1 through the connecting pipe 3.
  • the turbine is driven to rotate and the motor assembly 11 is driven to generate electricity. Therefore, this embodiment generates electricity while storing energy. After the energy storage is completed, the motor assembly 11 is driven to generate electricity again when the energy is released.
  • variable volume cavity is added to the periphery of the electric heating device 16.
  • the variable volume cavity 1 is filled with phase change materials such as helium, argon, paraffin, hydrogen, etc.
  • the heating does not directly evaporate the fluid 21, but expands the internal deformable body space 17 by heating, thereby squeezing the liquid 21 into another chamber.
  • Embodiment 7 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 7:
  • This embodiment is the sixth preferred embodiment of Embodiment 1.
  • the electric heating device 16 adopts an electric heating wire, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, and on the other hand, the reversible energy storage unit (100) in this embodiment adopts the solution in embodiment 4.
  • Embodiment 8 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 8
  • This embodiment is a first variation of the embodiment.
  • the fluid storage structure 2 itself provides driving force for the flow of the fluid 21.
  • the driving force does not require external electrical energy input, but is replaced by the chemical energy of the released explosive.
  • a controllable explosive input terminal 20 and an ignition device 22 are provided inside the deformable body space 17.
  • chemical energy drive is achieved.
  • the use of chemical energy as a high energy density output and rapid response has unique advantages, and can instantly output high-power energy.
  • emergency backup power supply critical facilities such as hospitals and data centers need to switch to reliable backup power supply immediately when the power grid fails
  • military applications especially on battlefields or in areas far away from conventional power grids, which require rapid deployment and high energy density energy
  • remote scientific research stations polar research stations, deep-sea exploration facilities, which are often located in remote areas and require self-sufficient and powerful energy systems
  • space exploration and interstellar travel application scenarios with extremely high requirements for energy density and response speed
  • emergency response to large-scale emergencies such as temporary rescue centers after natural disasters, which require rapid establishment of stable power supply
  • the energy generated by combustion and explosion requires special attention to the control of the amount. If explosion energy is used as the driving force, the amount of explosive raw materials should be strictly calculated. Excessive explosion force can easily damage the equipment, and small explosion force is not conducive to driving and will not achieve the desired effect.
  • the driving force can be achieved through one explosion or through multiple explosions, and the specific setting can be flexibly based on the actual scenario.
  • Embodiment 9 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 9:
  • This embodiment is a second variation of the embodiment.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the turbine is arranged inside the connecting pipe 3 , and the motor assembly 11 is arranged outside the connecting pipe 3 , so that the fluid 21 has smaller flow resistance when passing through the inside of the connecting pipe 3 .
  • Embodiment 10 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 10:
  • This embodiment is a third variation of the embodiment.
  • variable volume cavity 1 of this embodiment adopts a piston variable volume cavity formed by a piston guide tube component.
  • Embodiment 11 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 11:
  • This embodiment is the fourth variation of the embodiment.
  • the present embodiment provides an integrated energy storage and power generation system, including a plurality of closed energy storage devices, as shown in FIG14 , a first piston 25 is provided in the variable volume cavity 1, a second piston 26 is provided in the fluid storage structure 2, the second piston 26 divides the fluid storage structure 2 into a fluid cavity and a deformable body space 17, in the present embodiment, one deformable body space 17 connects a plurality of fluid cavities, a connecting pipe 3 is provided between the first piston 25 and the second piston 26, a controllable explosive input end 20 and an ignition device 22 are provided in the deformable body space 17, the controllable explosive input end 20 inputs a precisely measured explosive into the deformable body space 17, the ignition device 22 ignites the explosive to cause a controlled equivalent explosion, the high-pressure gas generated by the explosion is used to directly drive the second piston 26, and then drive the fluid 21 to flow, and then drive the first piston 25 to slide, so as to realize efficient energy conversion, the system not only realizes high-power power generation in the explosion stage, but also realizes additional energy recovery and power
  • the deformable body space 17 in this embodiment is also provided with a safety valve 23 and a waste residue cleaning pipe 24.
  • the waste residue cleaning pipe 24 is a mechanism for regularly cleaning the waste generated by the explosion, maintaining the cleanliness and safety of the chamber, and providing a guarantee for the safe and effective operation of the system.
  • the deformable body space 17 is designed to withstand a high-pressure and high-temperature explosion environment. An explosion reaction occurs inside the deformable body space 17, which is powered by a specific explosive material. A precisely measured amount of explosive is provided to the inside of the deformable body space 17 through a controllable explosive input terminal 20.
  • the explosive in this embodiment can be black powder or ammonium nitrate fuel (ANFO), etc.
  • the ignition device 22 can be an electronic or laser detonation mechanism for precisely controlling the timing of the explosion.
  • the present invention uses an advanced control system to monitor and adjust the explosion process, fluid flow and energy conversion.
  • Safety measures include safety valves, emergency shutdown mechanisms and automatic fault detection.
  • Quantitative input of explosives The system accurately delivers a predetermined amount of explosive material into the deformable body space 17 through an automatic control mechanism.
  • Explosion and pressure increase The explosive is detonated in the deformable body space 17, generating high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which rapidly increases the internal pressure of the deformable body space 17.
  • Piston and fluid power transmission high-pressure gas pushes the second piston 26, which in turn drives the fluid 21 in the connecting pipe 3 to flow, thereby driving the reversible energy storage unit 100 to generate electricity and convert it into electrical energy.
  • the power generation at this stage has instantaneous high power characteristics, and under certain circumstances, it can also be detonated in small quantities and multiple times.
  • Temperature drop and negative pressure formation After the explosion, under the action of the cooling system (a cooling system can be set up separately or the system can be operated underwater and rely on water for cooling), the temperature inside the flow storage structure 2 begins to drop, and the pressure decreases accordingly, and a negative pressure environment gradually forms inside the flow storage structure 2.
  • a cooling system can be set up separately or the system can be operated underwater and rely on water for cooling
  • Piston retreat Under the action of the pressure potential formed by the internal negative pressure and the external pressure, the piston begins to retreat. The retreat movement of the piston also drives the fluid to drive the reversible energy storage unit 100 to generate electricity and generate electrical energy. The power generation power in this stage is relatively slow, but it can last for a period of time to provide additional electrical energy for the system.
  • Waste cleaning and restart The waste treatment system regularly removes explosion residues through the waste cleaning pipeline 24 to keep the chamber clean. The system then automatically restarts and starts the next explosion cycle.
  • Embodiment 12 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 12
  • This embodiment is the fifth variation of the embodiment.
  • the present embodiment provides an integrated energy storage and power generation system, including a plurality of closed energy storage devices, as shown in FIG15 .
  • the present embodiment can assemble a plurality of closed energy storage devices in series and parallel to form a large-scale power generation and energy storage system.
  • an algorithm is adopted to intelligently control the energy storage and power generation conditions of each closed energy storage device according to the needs of the power user, thereby realizing greater power storage power input and output, and realizing more accurate power allocation and transmission.
  • the intelligent control system 28 in this embodiment is connected to the generator set 19 through the power output circuit 27 and is connected to the fluid pump assembly 18 through the power input circuit 30 .
  • the intelligent control system 28 transmits power through the transmission line 29 .
  • the device in the present invention is a closed system
  • the internal liquid will not affect the external marine environment when the device is applied to an underwater environment. Therefore, in addition to using water as the internal energy storage medium, other optimization options can be made, such as using lubricating oil instead of water.
  • the corrosion resistance requirements for the internal equipment of the pipeline will be reduced, and the energy loss caused by friction will be reduced, thereby improving the life and efficiency of the system; for example, it can be filled with magnetic fluid liquid, and the pipeline power generation system can be transformed into magnetic fluid power generation, which reduces the friction of the traditional unit and improves the power generation and energy storage efficiency.
  • Electricity consumption and energy storage When there is excess external energy, when the wind speed at sea is high and/or when there is sufficient sunlight for solar power generation, electrical energy is input through the external cable 15. At this time, the reversible energy storage of the motor assembly 11 is in energy storage mode, that is, motor mode, and the turbine is in water pump mode.
  • the control valve 9 is opened to pump the fluid 21 in the flow storage structure 2 into the elastic bladder to overcome the water pressure and the elastic force of the elastic bladder to do work, forming a negative pressure environment in the flow storage structure 2.
  • the input electrical energy is converted into the pressure potential energy formed by the internal and external pressure difference and the driving potential energy of the variable volume cavity to restore its initial state.
  • the energy density of the system will continue to increase with the increase of depth.
  • the reversible energy storage unit 100 When there is no energy release and storage, the reversible energy storage unit 100 is in a stopped and stationary state, and the control valve 9 is closed. At this time, the energy storage unit can be used as a backup unit so that it can be quickly put into use in an emergency situation in the power grid; at the same time, as a transition state in the state switching process, when switching between states, in order to ensure the safety of the unit, the reversible energy storage unit 100 is usually braked to switch to the stationary mode first, and then the unit is restarted in another direction.
  • Power generation state When the outside world needs to supplement electric energy, the reversible energy storage unit 100 is converted to the power generation state, that is, the generator state, the turbine is in the turbine state, the control valve 9 is opened, and the power generation power can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing degree of the flow valve. Under the action of water pressure and the elastic force of the elastic bladder, the liquid in the elastic bladder flows into the hard flow storage structure 2, driving the turbine to rotate, so that the generator generates electricity, and through the voltage transformation and phase modulation of the transmission transformer module 4, the electricity is transmitted through the external cable 15, thereby transmitting electric energy to the circuit system.
  • the power generation state that is, the generator state
  • the turbine is in the turbine state
  • the control valve 9 is opened, and the power generation power can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing degree of the flow valve.
  • the liquid in the elastic bladder flows into the hard flow storage structure 2, driving the turbine to rotate, so that the generator generates electricity, and through the voltage transformation and phase modulation of the transmission transformer module 4, the electricity is transmitted through the external cable 15,
  • the energy source of the device When the energy source of the device does not rely on external electrical energy input, it can also be driven by its own chemical energy and phase change energy to generate electricity. Since the release of chemical energy and phase change energy is often extremely unstable (such as an explosion process), the closed system can not only collect all the energy generated by the entire reaction process and generate high-power instantaneous energy, but also collect these unstable energies and convert them into stable energy output, thus solving the problem of unstable energy collection and utilization.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention proposes a new energy storage scheme suitable for underwater, which stores energy by transporting liquid in a closed system to form a negative pressure space, and drives the liquid to flow back under the combined action of the pressure potential formed by the negative pressure environment and the variable volume cavity restoring force of the elastic cavity, thereby releasing energy. Since the equipment is a closed system, the internal operation will not affect the outside world, there will be no diffusion of pollutants, and the water flow will not be affected by the operation of the unit. Compared with traditional underwater energy storage methods (underwater compressed air energy storage, underwater pumping energy storage, etc.), it will not interfere with the marine environment, help protect the marine ecological environment, has high environmental friendliness, and has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, reliability, fast response speed, and strong scalability.
  • the system of the present invention Since the system of the present invention is closed, it will not affect the marine environment, and the influence of the external ocean on the system can also be avoided. It can prevent seawater impurities and some marine organisms from entering the system to affect the stability of the system, and can avoid seawater corrosion and damage by marine organisms.
  • the system has strong reliability.
  • the present invention has a high energy storage density. Compared with traditional pumped energy storage, this solution forms a negative pressure environment during the pumping process. The pressure difference between the external pressure and the near-vacuum state produces a gain effect on the energy storage process. It can be used in the atmosphere as well as in underwater environments. When applied to underwater environments, this pressure difference will increase with increasing depth (water pressure will increase with increasing depth), thereby further improving the energy storage density of the system.
  • the present invention can utilize internal chemical energy to drive the integrated power generation and energy storage system, which has unique advantages in high energy density output and rapid response. It can output high-power energy instantaneously and can be applied to occasions requiring high-density energy output and rapid response, such as emergency backup power supply (critical facilities such as hospitals and data centers, which need to switch to reliable backup power supply immediately when the power grid fails), military applications (especially in battlefields or areas far away from conventional power grids, which require rapid deployment and high energy density energy), remote scientific research stations (polar research stations, deep-sea exploration facilities, which are often located in remote areas and require a self-sufficient and powerful energy system, space exploration and interstellar travel (application scenarios with extremely high requirements for energy density and response speed), emergency response to large-scale emergencies (such as temporary rescue centers after natural disasters, which need to quickly establish a stable power supply), etc., which greatly enhances the versatility and practicality of the device.
  • emergency backup power supply critical facilities such as hospitals and data centers, which need to switch to reliable backup power supply immediately when the power grid fails

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统，具有蓄能和发电两种状态，包括变容腔体、连接管道、通过所述连接管道连接所述变容腔体的储流结构体、布置在所述连接管道上的控制阀、可逆式蓄能机组以及与所述控制阀信号连接的控制单元；所述变容腔体、连接管道、储流结构体三者连接形成密闭空间，本发明通过在一个密闭体系中输送流体形成负压空间进行储能，可以将不稳定的能量存储起来并稳定输出，相对于传统的物理储能方法具有环境适应性强、能量密度大、能源利用率高、响应速度快、应用场景灵活可扩展性强等优点，尤其将其应用于水下时具有更优良的效果，不会对海洋环境造成干扰，有助于保护海洋生态环境，环境友好度高。

Description

密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统 技术领域
本发明涉及能量储存技术领域，具体地，涉及一种密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统。
 背景技术
目前，储能技术按照存储后的能量形式可分为机械储能、电化学储能、电磁场储能和化学储能等。其中机械储能具有高效、长寿命、快速响应、可持续、可扩展、环保、可靠、多用途等多重优势，是一种有潜力的能源储存技术，主要包括抽水储能、压缩空气储能和飞轮储能等。相比陆地，海洋上可灵活应用海水的重力、压力、浮力以及空气等设计出不同的储能形式，这也是海上储能技术发展最活跃的领域。但现有的水下储能方式，往往会对外界产生影响，要么有污染性物质扩散，要么机组运转对水流产生影响，对海洋环境造成干扰，不利于海洋生态环境的保护，环境友好度差。
发电技术方面，化石燃料发电虽具有较高的能量密度，但其环境影响和燃料来源的可持续性问题限制了其应用范围。核能发电在能量密度方面表现优异，但其安全风险和高昂的建设与维护成本常常是不可忽视的挑战。相比之下，水力、风能和太阳能等可再生能源虽环境友好，但常常受限于地理位置和气候条件，难以在要求快速响应的场合中发挥作用。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统。
根据本发明提供的一种密闭式储能装置，具有蓄能和发电两种状态，包括变容腔体、连接管道、通过所述连接管道连接所述变容腔体的储流结构体、布置在所述连接管道上的控制阀、可逆式蓄能机组以及与所述控制阀信号连接的控制单元；所述变容腔体、连接管道、储流结构体三者连接形成密闭空间；
在蓄能状态下，打开所述控制阀，位于所述储流结构体中的流体能够通过所述可逆式蓄能机组驱动或储流结构体自身驱动进而从所述储流结构体进入到所述变容腔体后关闭所述控制阀，储流结构体内部变为负压空间，其中，当所述储流结构体自身为流体提供驱动力时，装置在蓄能的过程中所述可逆式蓄能机组能够进行发电；
当需要释能时，打开所述控制阀，在外部压力和/或变容腔体自身弹性回复力的驱使下所述流体从所述变容腔体流入到储流结构体中进而能够驱动所述可逆式蓄能机组发电。
优选地，应用于水下，各个部件都满足防水的要求。
优选地，所述可逆式蓄能机组能够采用如下任一种结构：
包括流体施力部件以及电机组件，所述电机组件能够驱使所述流体施力部件转动进而能够在蓄能状态时为所述流体的流动提供动力；或者当所述储流结构体自身为流体提供驱动力时，所述流体通过所述连接管道时能够推动所述流体施力部件转动进而带动所述电机组件发电；所述电机组件配置在连接管道的内部或者外部；
包括流体泵组件以及发电机组，流体泵组件、发电机组分别配置在连接管道上，流体泵组件用于将储流结构体中的流体输送到变容腔体中，发电机组能够在流体的驱使下发电。
优选地，所述电机组件运行所需的电能来自于风能、太阳能、波浪能、温差能中的至少一种。
优选地，所述储流结构体自身驱动所需的能量来自于化学能、相变能、电能中的至少一种，当所需的能量来自于化学能时，所述储流结构体不依赖外界的电能输入使得自身具有独立发电储能的功能。
优选地，所述变容腔体为弹性皮囊腔体或由活塞导管构件形成的活塞腔体；所述储流结构体采用能够平衡环境压力的刚性结构体。
优选地，所述储流结构体的内部设置有可形变体空间，所述流体填充在所述可形变体空间外部且在所述可形变体空间体积变大时能够挤压所述流体。
优选地，所述控制单元能够根据装置的需要控制控制阀的开度并协调控制所述可逆式蓄能机组动作或储流结构体自身驱动以使得可逆式蓄能机组在蓄能、发电、静止三种模式之间切换。
优选地，所述控制阀为电动调节阀且调节精度小于或等于0.1％，调节范围在0～100％。
根据本发明提供的一种储能发电一体化系统，包括多个所述的密闭式储能装置。
优选地，多个所述的密闭式储能装置被配置为串联和/或并联进而使得能量的供应能够进行智能化调配。
 附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明中装置处于初始状态时的侧面示意图；
图2为图1中B-B向剖视图；
图3为实施例2中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图4为实施例2中装置处于蓄能状态时的结构示意图；
图5为实施例3中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图6为实施例4中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图7为实施例4中装置处于蓄能状态时的结构示意图；
图8为实施例5中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图9为实施例6中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图10为实施例7中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图11为实施例7中装置处于蓄能状态时的结构示意图；
图12为实施例8中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图；
图13为实施例8中装置处于蓄能状态时的结构示意图；
图14为实施例11中系统的结构示意图；
图15为实施例12中系统的结构示意图；
图16为实施例9中装置处于初始状态时的结构示意图。
图中示出：变容腔体1储流结构体2连接管道3输电变压模组4固定套环5机组密封连接件6流体施力部件7第一密封件8控制阀9第二密封件10电机组件11抽水管道12过滤嘴13内接电缆14外接电缆15电加热装置16可形变体空间17流体泵组件18发电机组19可控爆炸物输入端20流体21点火装置22安全阀23废渣清理管道24第一活塞25第二活塞26电能输出电路27智能调控系统28输电线路29电能输入电路30可逆式蓄能机组100
 具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
本发明提供一种密闭式储能装置，如图1、图2所示，具有发电和蓄能两种状态，包括变容腔体1、连接管道3、通过连接管道3连接变容腔体1的储流结构体2、布置在连接管道3上的控制阀9、可逆式蓄能机组100以及与控制阀9控制连接的控制单元，本装置优选应用于水下，各个部件都满足防水的要求，变容腔体1、连接管道3、储流结构体2三者连接形成的空间为密闭空间，可逆式蓄能机组100具有蓄能、发电和静止三种模式。
在实际应用中，变容腔体1采用弹性皮囊腔体，装置在初始装配完成后，流体21均位于储流结构体2中，变容腔体1处于初始状态，也可以理解为干瘪状态，也是变容腔体1自然状态下的形状，即变容腔体1内部空间为0或几乎为0，此时，控制单元控制控制阀9打开，通过控制单元控制可逆式蓄能机组100运行或控制储流结构体2自身驱动，使得流体21能够在可逆式蓄能机组100的驱动下或在储流结构体2自身的驱动下从储流结构体2进入到变容腔体1中，也就是说，储流结构体2中的流体21可以依靠可逆式蓄能机组100的驱动力进入到变容腔体1中，储流结构体2中的流体21也可以依靠储流结构体2自身产生的驱动力进入到变容腔体1中，具体设计时可根据实际的应用场景灵活选择。需要说明的是，储流结构体2自身驱动所需的能量可采用多种形式，例如来自电能、相变能，再例如来自化学能等，化学能包括化学反应获得的能量。
[根据细则91更正 26.12.2023]
进一步地，当流体21进入到变容腔体1中时，变容腔体1弹性涨大，由于储流结构体(2)采用能够平衡环境压力的刚性结构体，储流结构体2中的流体21被抽走后关闭控制阀9，储流结构体2内部变为负压空间，装置进入蓄能状态，需要说明的是，变容腔体1体积变大后存在弹性回缩的弹性回复力，存在压缩内部流体21的力，可逆式蓄能机组100包括流体施力部件(7)以及电机组件11，流体施力部件(7)和电机组件11驱动连接，流体施力部件(7)转动时能够驱动流体流动，相应的，流体流动也能驱动流体施力部件(7)转动，流体施力部件(7)可采用多种结构形式，例如采用涡轮，再例如采用叶片等，如图2所示，为采用涡轮的形式。
进一步地，电机组件11和涡轮之间通过机组密封连接件6密封连接，当储流结构体2自身为流体21提供驱动力时，流体21在经过连接管道3时驱使涡轮转动进而能够带动电机组件11发电，可逆式蓄能机组100处于发电模式，同时流体21进入到变容腔体1中完成蓄能。装置处于蓄能完成后，当需要释放能量时，先通过控制单元控制控制阀9打开，在弹性皮囊的弹性势能以及内外环境形成的压强势能的驱使下，流体21从变容腔体1经连接管道3流入到储流结构体2中，装置处于发电状态，可逆式蓄能机组100处于发电模式，在发电模式下装置可对外供电。
在实际应用中，控制单元能够根据装置的需要控制控制阀9的开度并协调控制可逆式蓄能机组100或储流结构体2所具有的驱动组件动作以完成蓄能、发电、静止三种模式的切换，实现输出功率大小的调整以满足实际能量的需求。
如图2所示，控制阀9的底部通过第二密封件10连接储流结构体2，控制阀9的顶部通过第一密封件8与连接管道3的底部密封连接，涡轮和电机组件11均配置在连接管道3的内部且通过支架固定在连接管道3的内壁上，当涡轮转动时能够为流体21的流动提供驱动力，相应地，当电机组件11不运行时，流体21通过连接管道3时也能够带动涡轮转动进而带动电机组件11运行发电。
在连接管道3的外部设置有输电变压模组4，输电变压模组4通过固定套环5可拆卸的固定在连接管道3的外部并通过内接电缆14与电机组件11连接，内接电缆14穿过连接管道3的部位进行密封处理，输电变压模组4也进行防水处理，输电变压模组4还连接有外接电缆15，外接电缆15连接供电设备，为电机组件11提供电能的供应。
储流结构体2的内部配置有抽水管道12，抽水管道12采用刚性材质，不可弯曲，抽水管道12的底部配置有过滤嘴13，抽水管道12的顶部通过第二密封件10连接控制阀9，抽水管道12的底端与储流结构体2的内壁具有进水间隙，为了在抽水时尽量的将储流结构体2内部的流体抽净，在设计时，应尽量减小抽水管道12的底端与储流结构体2内壁之间的距离，以不影响进水为宜。
本发明通过在一个密闭体系中输送流体(气体或液体)形成负压空间进行储能，可以将不稳定的能量存储起来并稳定输出，相对于传统的物理储能方法(压缩空气储能、抽水储能等)，具有环境适应性强、能量密度大，能源利用率高、响应速度快、应用场景灵活可扩展性强等优点，尤其将其应用于水下时具有更优良的效果，不会对海洋环境造成干扰，有助于保护海洋生态环境，环境友好度高。
实施例2：
本实施例为实施例1的第一个优选例。
本实施例中通过电机组件11驱使涡轮转动为流体21从储流结构体2到变容腔体1的流动提供动力，如图3、图4所示，电机组件11运行所需的电能可采用新能源，例如来自于风能、太阳能、波浪能、温差能等。
本实施例中，电机组件11同时具有发电功能，本实施例中的电机组件11可采用永磁式三相交流同步电动机，即可实现电动机的功能，又具有发电机的功能，当装置从初始状态到蓄能状态切换的过程中，电机组件11发挥电动机的功能，当装置从蓄能状态到初始状态切换的过程中，电机组件11发挥发电机的功能。
实施例3：
本实施例为实施例1的第二个优选例。
本实施例中储流结构体2自身为流体21流动提供驱动力，原理为加热蒸发液体的形式，如图5所示，储流结构体2为硬质壳体，变容腔体1为软质皮囊，储流结构体2中设置有电加热装置16，电加热装置16采用电加热管，抽水过程为给电加热装置16通电后加热蒸发液体的形式，通过加热储流结构体2中的液体，液体蒸发通过连接管道3进入软质皮囊，在软质皮囊中遇冷液化，即通过加热的方式来储能，在软质皮囊中的冷却液体流入到储流结构体2中时即可驱动涡轮转动实现发电，即本实施例中储流结构体2自身驱动所需的能量可理解为来自电能，也可理解为来自相变能。
实施例4：
本实施例为实施例1的第三个优选例。
本实施例中储流结构体2自身为流体21流动提供驱动力，如图6、图7所示，与实施例3不同的是，电加热装置16采用电加热丝。
另外，本实施例中，可逆式蓄能机组(100)包括流体泵组件18以及发电机组19，流体泵组件18、发电机组19分别配置在连接管道3上，流体泵组件18可用于将储流结构体2未蒸发出的剩余流体21抽到变容腔体1中实现蓄能量的进一步提升，发电机组19用于流体21从变容腔体1中向储流结构体2流动时进行发电。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的流体泵组件18以及发电机组19既可以分开各自安装，也可以合二为一，装配为结构更为紧凑的可逆式蓄能机组100，包括叶片可调涡轮以及电机组件，可逆式蓄能机组100既可以充当抽水/气泵的作用，也能够反向运转，经流体21驱使涡轮转动进而进行发电，具体在设计时可根据实际的场景灵活处理。
实施例5：
本实施例为实施例1的第四个优选例。
本实施例与实施例4的不同在于，省略了电加热装置16，并且抽水管道12采用柔性材质，如图8所示，柔性材质的抽水管道12在自身重力的作用下可根据装置的姿态自适应弯曲到达流体21的底部，实现储流结构体2内部的流体尽可能多抽净。储流结构体2中的流体21依靠流体泵组件18抽到变容腔体1中实现蓄能。
实施例6：
本实施例为实施例1的第五个优选例。
本实施例中储流结构体2自身为流体21流动提供驱动力，储流结构体2的内部设置有可形变体空间17，流体21填充在可形变体空间17外部，如图9所示，可形变体空间17内部设置有电加热装置16，电加热装置16采用电加热管，可形变体空间17内部还填充有相变材料，当电加热装置16通电加热时，相变材料受热膨胀进而驱使位于储流结构体2内部的流体21通过连接管道3进入到变容腔体1内部，在流体21通过连接管道3的过程中同时驱使涡轮转动带动电机组件11发电，因此，本实施例在蓄能的同时也进行发电，蓄能完成后在释放能量时再次驱使电机组件11发电。
本实施例通过在电加热装置16外围增加一个变容腔体，变容腔体1里充满相变材料如氦气、氩气、石蜡、氢气等，加热不直接使流体21蒸发，而是通过加热使得内部可形变体空间17膨胀，从而将液体21挤压到另一腔室的方式实现。
实施例7：
本实施例为实施例1的第六个优选例。
本实施例与实施例6的区别在于，一方面，电加热装置16采用电加热丝，如图10、图11所示，另一方面，本实施例中的可逆式蓄能机组(100)采用实施例4中的方案。
实施例8：
本实施例为实施例的第一个变化例。
本实施例中储流结构体2自身为流体21流动提供驱动力，驱动力无需外界电能输入，由释放爆炸物的化学能替代，如图12、图13所示，可形变体空间17内部设置有可控爆炸物输入端20以及点火装置22，通过精确控制可控爆炸物输入端20输入可燃物以及助燃物并通过点火装置22点火发生可控当量的爆炸，实现化学能驱动，采用化学能作为高能量密度输出和快速响应方面有着独特的优势，能够瞬时输出高功率的能量，可应用于需要高密度能量输出和快速响应的场合，如紧急备用电源(医院、数据中心等关键设施，在电网故障时需要立即切换到可靠的备用电源)、军事应用(特别是在战场或远离常规电网的地区，需要快速部署和高能量密度的能源)、远程科研站(极地考察站、深海探测设施，往往位于偏远地区，需要自给自足的强大能源系统、太空探测与星际旅行(对能源密度和响应速度有极高要求的应用场景)、大规模突发事件应急响应(如自然灾害后的临时救援中心，需要快速建立稳定的电力供应)等。
需要注意的是，燃烧、爆炸产生的能量需要特别注意量的控制，如果采用爆炸能作为驱动，爆炸原料的量应进行严格计算，爆炸力过大容易损坏设备，爆炸力小对驱动不利，起不到应有的效果，驱动力的实现可通过一次爆炸实现，也可通过多次爆炸实现，具体可根据实际的场景灵活设定。
实施例9：
本实施例为实施例的第二个变化例。
如图16所示，本实施例与实施例1的不同在于，涡轮布置在连接管道3的内部，电机组件11布置在连接管道3的外部，使得流体21通过连接管道3的内部时具有更小的流阻。
实施例10：
本实施例为实施例的第三个变化例。
本实施例变容腔体1采用由活塞导管构件形成的活塞变容腔体。
实施例11：
本实施例为实施例的第四个变化例。
本实施例提供了一种储能发电一体化系统，包括多个密闭式储能装置，如图14所示，变容腔体1中设置有第一活塞25，储流结构体2中设置有第二活塞26，第二活塞26将储流结构体2分割为流体腔和可形变体空间17，本实施例中一个可形变体空间17连接多个流体腔，连接管道3设置在第一活塞25和第二活塞26之间，可形变体空间17中设置有可控爆炸物输入端20、点火装置22，可控爆炸物输入端20向可形变体空间17内部输入精确计量的爆炸物，点火装置22点燃爆炸物发生可控当量的爆炸，利用爆炸产生的高压气体直接驱动第二活塞26进而驱动流体21流动进而驱动第一活塞25滑动，实现高效的能量转换，系统不仅在爆炸阶段实现高功率发电，还在活塞回退阶段实现了额外的能量回收和发电，这种创新的能量利用和转换机制，使得该系统在紧急电源供应、高负荷电力需求以及特殊环境下的应用中具有显著的优势。
另外，本实施例中的可形变体空间17还设置有安全阀23和废渣清理管道24，废渣清理管道24定期针对爆炸产生的废物进行清理的机制，维持腔室内部的清洁和安全，为系统的安全有效运行提供了保证。可形变体空间17设计为承受高压和高温的爆炸环境，可形变体空间17内部进行爆炸反应，由特定的爆炸物质供能，通过可控爆炸物输入端20向可形变体空间17内部提供精确计量的爆炸物，本实施例中的爆炸物可采用黑火药或铵油炸药(ANFO)等。
具体地，点火装置22可为电子或激光引爆机制，用于精确控制爆炸时机，本发明采用先进的控制系统，用于监测和调整爆炸过程、流体流动和能量转换.安全措施包括安全阀、紧急停机机制以及自动故障检测。
本实施例中爆炸的工作过程如下：
引爆准备阶段：
定量输入爆炸物：系统通过自动控制机制向可形变体空间17内精确输送预定量的爆炸物质。
安全检查与引爆：自动安全检查系统确认腔室安全无泄漏后，使用电子或激光引爆机制的点火装置22进行精确控制的引爆。
爆炸及初次发电阶段：
爆炸与压力上升：爆炸物在可形变体空间17内引爆，产生高温高压气体，迅速增加可形变体空间17内部压力。
活塞与流体动力传递：高压气体推动第二活塞26，进而驱动连接管道3中的流体21流动进而带动可逆式蓄能机组100发电，转化为电能，这一阶段的发电具有瞬时高功率特性，在特定情况下，也可以少量多次引爆。
活塞回退与第二次发电阶段：
温度下降与负压形成：爆炸结束后，在冷却系统(可单独设置冷却系统或者，系统运行在水下，依靠水体降温)的作用下，储流结构体2内温度开始下降，压力随之减少，储流结构体2内部逐渐形成负压环境。
活塞回退：在内部负压和外部压强形成的压强势能作用下，活塞开始回退，活塞的回退运动同样驱动流体带动可逆式蓄能机组100发电，产生电能，这一阶段的发电功率相对平缓，但可以持续一段时间，为系统提供额外的电能。
循环操作：
废渣清理与重启：废渣处理系统通过废渣清理管道24定期清除爆炸残留物，保持腔室清洁。系统随后自动重启，开始下一个爆炸循环。
实施例12：
本实施例为实施例的第五个变化例。
本实施例提供了一种储能发电一体化系统，包括多个密闭式储能装置，如图15所示，本实施例对于需要大规模电力应用的场合，可以将多个密闭式储能装置以串并联的形式装配起来形成大规模的发电储能系统，通过智能调控系统28，采用算法，根据用电侧的需求，智能控制每个密闭式储能装置的储能和发电工况，可以实现更大功率的储能用电输入和输出，同时实现更加精准的用电调配输送。
本实施例中的智能调控系统28通过电能输出电路27连接发电机组19，通过电能输入电路30连接流体泵组件18，智能调控系统28通过输电线路29实现电能的输送。
需要注意的是，由于本发明中的装置为封闭系统，因此装置应用于水下环境时内部液体不会影响外界海洋环境，因此，除了选用水作为内部储能介质以外，还可以进行其他的优化选择，例如采用润滑油代替水，这种状况下对管道内部设备的抗腐蚀性要求会降低，还会减少由于摩擦造成的能量损失，从而提高系统的寿命和效率；比如可以充满磁流体液体，改造管道发电系统为磁流体发电，减少了传统机组的摩擦从而提高发电储能效率等。
本发明的工作原理如下：
耗电储能：当外界能量过剩时，在海上风速较大时和/或太阳能发电在光照充足时，通过外接电缆15输入电能，此时电机组件11可逆式蓄能处于蓄能模式，即电动机模式，涡轮处于水泵模式，控制阀9打开，将储流结构体2中的流体21抽到弹性皮囊中，克服水压与弹性皮囊的弹力做功，在储流结构体2中形成负压环境，向蓄能模式切换的过程中，将输入的电能转化为内外压强差形成的压强势能和变容腔体恢复初始状态的驱动势能，当系统应用于水下场景时，随着深度增加，系统的能量密度会不断增加。
在没有能量的释放和蓄能时，可逆式蓄能机组100处于停机静止状态，控制阀9关闭，此时，蓄能机组可当作备用机组，以便在电网发生紧急情况下快速投入使用；同时作为状态切换过程中的过渡状态，在状态之间切换时，为了保证机组的安全，通常先制动将可逆式蓄能机组100切换至静止模式，再重新将机组朝另外一个方向启动。
发电状态：当外界需要电能补充时，可逆式蓄能机组100转换至发电状态，即发电机状态，涡轮处于水轮机状态，控制阀9打开通过控制流量阀的开合程度可以控制发电功率，在水压、弹性皮囊的弹力作用下，弹性皮囊中的液体流向硬质的储流结构体2中，带动涡轮旋转，从而发电机发电，通过输电变压模组4的变压调相，将电通过外接电缆15输送出去，从而为电路系统输送电能。
当装置的能量来源不依赖外界电能输入时，也可以通过自身的化学能、相变能来进行驱动发电，由于化学能、相变能的释放往往极其不稳定(如爆炸过程)，封闭系统不仅可以将整个反应过程产生的能量全部搜集起来，产生高功率瞬时能量的同时，也可以将这些不稳定的能量搜集起来转化为稳定的能量输出，解决了不稳定能量收集利用的问题。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明提出一种全新的适用于水下的储能方案，通过在一个密闭体系中输送液体形成负压空间进行储能，并由于负压环境形成的压强势能和弹性腔体的变容腔体恢复力联合作用下驱动液体回流从而释放能量，由于该设备为封闭系统，内部的运作不会对外界产生影响，既不会有污染性物质扩散，也不会由于机组运转对水流产生影响，相对于传统的水下储能方法(水下压缩空气储能、水下抽水储能等)不会对海洋环境造成干扰，有助于保护海洋生态环境，环境友好度高，具有高效、环保、可靠、响应速度快、可扩展性强等优点。
2、本发明由于系统是封闭的，因此在不会影响海洋环境的同时，外界海洋对系统的影响也可以规避，可以避免海水杂质以及一些海洋生物进入系统对系统的稳定性产生影响，可避免海水腐蚀以及海洋生物的破坏，系统可靠性强。
3、本发明储能密度大，相对于传统的抽水储能，本方案在抽水的过程中给形成了负压环境，通过外界压强与接近真空的状态的压强差对储能过程产生了一个增益的效果，既可以于大气中应用，也适用于水下环境应用，当应用于水下环境时，这种压强差会随着深度的增加而增加(水压会随着深度增加而增加)，从而进一步提高系统的能量储存的密度。
4、本发明能够利用内部化学能驱动作为发电储能一体化系统时高能量密度输出和快速响应方面有着独特地优势，能够瞬时输出高功率的能量，可应用于需要高密度能量输出和快速响应的场合，如紧急备用电源(医院、数据中心等关键设施，在电网故障时需要立即切换到可靠的备用电源)、军事应用(特别是在战场或远离常规电网的地区，需要快速部署和高能量密度的能源)、远程科研站(极地考察站、深海探测设施，往往位于偏远地区，需要自给自足的强大能源系统、太空探测与星际旅行(对能源密度和响应速度有极高要求的应用场景)、大规模突发事件应急响应(如自然灾害后的临时救援中心，需要快速建立稳定的电力供应)等，大大增强装置的通用性和实用性。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，具有蓄能和发电两种状态，包括变容腔体(1)、连接管道(3)、通过所述连接管道(3)连接所述变容腔体(1)的储流结构体(2)、布置在所述连接管道(3)上的控制阀(9)、可逆式蓄能机组(100)以及与所述控制阀(9)信号连接的控制单元；所述变容腔体(1)、连接管道(3)、储流结构体(2)三者连接形成密闭空间；
    在蓄能状态下，打开所述控制阀(9)，位于所述储流结构体(2)中的流体(21)能够通过所述可逆式蓄能机组(100)驱动或储流结构体(2)自身驱动进而从所述储流结构体(2)进入到所述变容腔体(1)后关闭所述控制阀(9)，储流结构体(2)内部变为负压空间，其中，当所述储流结构体(2)自身为流体(21)提供驱动力时，装置在蓄能的过程中所述可逆式蓄能机组(100)能够进行发电；
    当需要释能时，打开所述控制阀(9)，在外部压力和/或变容腔体(1)自身弹性回复力的驱使下所述流体(21)从所述变容腔体(1)流入到储流结构体(2)中进而能够驱动所述可逆式蓄能机组(100)发电。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，应用于水下，各个部件都满足防水的要求。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，所述可逆式蓄能机组(100)能够采用如下任一种结构：
    包括流体施力部件(7)以及电机组件(11)，所述电机组件(11)能够驱使所述流体施力部件(7)转动进而能够在蓄能状态时为所述流体(21)的流动提供动力；或者当所述储流结构体(2)自身为流体(21)提供驱动力时，所述流体(21)通过所述连接管道(3)时能够推动所述流体施力部件(7)转动进而带动所述电机组件(11)发电；所述电机组件(11)配置在连接管道(3)的内部或者外部；
    包括流体泵组件(18)以及发电机组(19)，流体泵组件(18)、发电机组(19)分别配置在连接管道(3)上，流体泵组件(18)用于将储流结构体(2)中的流体(21)输送到变容腔体(1)中，发电机组(19)能够在流体(21)的驱使下发电。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，所述电机组件(11)运行所需的电能来自于风能、太阳能、波浪能、温差能中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，所述储流结构体(2) 自身驱动所需的能量来自于化学能、相变能、电能中的至少一种，当所需的能量来自于化学能时，所述储流结构体(2)不依赖外界的电能输入使得自身具有独立发电储能的功能。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，所述变容腔体(1)为弹性皮囊腔体或由活塞导管构件形成的活塞腔体；所述储流结构体(2)采用能够平衡环境压力的刚性结构体。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，所述储流结构体(2)的内部设置有可形变体空间(17)，所述流体(21)填充在所述可形变体空间(17)外部且在所述可形变体空间(17)体积变大时能够挤压所述流体(21)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的密闭式储能装置，其特征在于，所述控制单元能够根据装置的需要控制控制阀(9)的开度并协调控制所述可逆式蓄能机组(100)动作或储流结构体(2)自身驱动以使得可逆式蓄能机组(100)在蓄能、发电、静止三种模式之间切换。
  9. 一种储能发电一体化系统，其特征在于，包括多个权利要求1至8任一项所述的密闭式储能装置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的储能发电一体化系统，其特征在于，多个所述的密闭式储能装置被配置为串联和/或并联进而使得能量的供应能够进行智能化调配。
PCT/CN2023/138738 2023-11-17 2023-12-14 密闭式储能装置及储能发电一体化系统 Pending WO2025102470A1 (zh)

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