WO2025102370A1 - Differential device and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Differential device and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025102370A1
WO2025102370A1 PCT/CN2023/132392 CN2023132392W WO2025102370A1 WO 2025102370 A1 WO2025102370 A1 WO 2025102370A1 CN 2023132392 W CN2023132392 W CN 2023132392W WO 2025102370 A1 WO2025102370 A1 WO 2025102370A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
differential device
way clutches
clutch
differential
input
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2023/132392
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
沈坚
吉裕兰
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority to PCT/CN2023/132392 priority Critical patent/WO2025102370A1/en
Publication of WO2025102370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025102370A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/16—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing of differential gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H48/00—Differential gearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a novel differential device and a motor vehicle.
  • Motor vehicles usually include multiple wheel sets, each wheel set consists of two wheels installed at both ends of the axle.
  • the driving force from the engine is first transmitted to the axle, and then transmitted to the two wheels respectively via the axle.
  • the rotation speed of the two wheels in each wheel set is the same; but when the vehicle turns or deviates from the straight line due to road or environmental conditions, the rotation speed of the two wheels in each wheel set will be different, so a differential needs to be set on the axle.
  • the driving torque from the drive device is transmitted to the wheels at both ends of the axle via the differential, and the differential can balance the speed difference of the wheels on both sides.
  • the differential includes components such as planetary gears, planetary gear carriers and half-axle gears, and its structure is complex, so the weight and cost are relatively high, and it takes up a large space.
  • a four-wheel drive vehicle can switch between a four-wheel drive state and a two-wheel drive state.
  • one wheel set is set as an auxiliary drive wheel set, which needs to be disconnected from the drive device in the two-wheel drive state to reduce electromagnetic and mechanical losses.
  • a disconnect device needs to be provided between the auxiliary drive wheel set and the drive device. The disconnect device requires additional space and is relatively expensive.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an improved differential device and a motor vehicle.
  • the differential device is used to transmit the driving torque from the driving device to the two wheels located at the axial ends of the axle.
  • the differential device includes two one-way clutches and a differential device for receiving the driving torque from the driving device.
  • the differential device input end is connected to the driving torque of the differential device, and the two one-way clutches each include a clutch input end and a clutch output end.
  • the clutch input ends of the two one-way clutches are simultaneously connected to the differential device input end in a torsion-resistant manner, and the clutch output end of each one-way clutch is used to be connected to a corresponding one of the two wheels in a torsion-resistant manner, so that the differential device can transmit torque to the two wheels in one direction respectively. Since two one-way clutches are used to connect the two wheels respectively, torque can only be transmitted to the two wheels in one direction, and the speed of each wheel is allowed to exceed the speed of the input torque of the one-way clutch.
  • the torque transmission between the wheel (outer wheel) with a higher required speed and the input end of the differential device can be disconnected by the corresponding one-way clutch, thereby generating a speed difference between the two wheels on both sides of the same axle that is adapted to the driving state.
  • the two one-way clutches can be coaxially arranged.
  • the two one-way clutches can be coaxially arranged with the two wheels on the axle, thereby achieving simple transmission connection and layout.
  • the input end of the differential device may be located between the two one-way clutches in the axial direction, thereby facilitating the transmission connection between the input end of the differential device and the two one-way clutches respectively.
  • the differential device may further include an input gear as the input end of the differential, and the input gear is coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches.
  • the input end of the differential device can thus be transmission-connected to the drive device through a gear mechanism.
  • the differential device may further include a connecting shaft coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches, the axial ends of the connecting shaft are respectively coaxially and torsionally connected to the clutch input ends of the two one-way clutches, and the input gear is coaxially and torsionally connected to the connecting shaft.
  • the clutch input ends and the input gears of the two one-way clutches are supported by the connecting shaft and thus are transmission-connected through the connecting shaft.
  • the clutch input ends of the two one-way clutches can respectively abut against the input gears in the axial direction and be fixed together with the input gears, thereby reducing the axial size of the differential device and the installation space.
  • the differential device may further include a housing, in which the two one-way clutches are encapsulated.
  • the housing may provide protection for components such as the one-way clutches of the differential device.
  • the above technical problem is also solved by a motor vehicle according to the present invention.
  • the motor vehicle comprises a differential device having the above characteristics.
  • the motor vehicle thus has all the advantages of the above differential device.
  • the motor vehicle may include at least one main drive axle and at least one auxiliary drive axle, and the differential device is installed on at least one auxiliary drive axle.
  • the auxiliary drive axle can be disconnected from the drive device when the auxiliary wheel drive is not needed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a driving system of a motor vehicle to which a differential device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • a novel differential device is provided.
  • the differential device can be installed on a vehicle axle to replace a traditional planetary gear differential.
  • the specific structure of the differential device is described below by using an exemplary embodiment of the differential device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a drive system of a motor vehicle to which a differential device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the motor vehicle is schematically shown as a four-wheeled motor vehicle having two wheel pairs and corresponding two axles.
  • the differential device of the present invention can also be applied to motor vehicles having more wheel pairs and axles.
  • the upper axle in the figure is the main drive axle
  • the lower axle in the figure is the auxiliary drive axle.
  • Each axle extends in an axial direction, and the axial extension direction of the axle is substantially the transverse direction of the vehicle body.
  • Each axle is respectively mounted with wheels 1 at both ends of the axial direction, and the two wheels 1 of each axle are coaxially arranged and constitute a wheel pair.
  • Each axle includes two half shafts 2.
  • the two half-shafts 2 extend axially coaxially with the two wheels 1, respectively.
  • the ends of the two half-shafts 2 that are separated from each other are respectively connected to the corresponding wheels 1 in a torsion-proof manner.
  • the ends of the two half-shafts 2 facing each other are respectively connected to the conventional planetary gear differential D in a torsion-proof manner, and the differential D is in turn connected to the drive devices such as the engine (internal combustion engine) ICE, the drive motor TM and the generator ISG (integrated starter generator), and this drive connection can be achieved, for example, by a transmission mechanism such as gears, thereby forming a main axle drive system M.
  • the ends of the two half-shafts 2 facing each other are respectively connected to the differential device according to the present invention in a torsion-proof manner, and the differential device is in turn connected to the drive device such as the drive motor TM, thereby forming an auxiliary axle drive system A.
  • the conventional differential D or the differential device according to the present invention is thus installed axially between the two half-shafts 2.
  • the driving torque from the drive device can be transmitted to the two wheels 1 located at the axial ends of the axle via the differential D or the differential device according to the present invention.
  • the differential device includes two one-way clutches 3 and a differential device input end for receiving a driving torque from a driving device.
  • the two one-way clutches 3 are respectively connected between the corresponding half-shafts 2 and the differential device input end, thereby replacing the traditional planetary gear differential.
  • each one-way clutch 3 includes a clutch input end 31 and a clutch output end 32, and the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 are simultaneously torsionally connected to the differential device input end, while the clutch output ends 32 of the two one-way clutches 3 are respectively torsionally connected to the corresponding half-shafts 2 and then torsionally connected to the corresponding wheels 1.
  • the differential device can transmit torque to the two wheels 1 in one direction via the two one-way clutches 3.
  • the one-way clutch 3 When the one-way clutch 3 rotates in the forward driving direction of the vehicle, the torque can only be transmitted unidirectionally from the clutch input end 31 to the clutch output end 32, and cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction from the clutch output end 32 to the clutch input end 31. Therefore, when the rotation speed of the clutch output end 32 exceeds the rotation speed of the clutch input end 31 (that is, the rotation speed of the wheel 1 exceeds the input rotation speed of the drive device), the wheel 1 cannot transmit the torque to the drive device through the one-way clutch 3. Since this non-torque transmission state of the one-way clutch 3 can be manifested as the output end rotation speed exceeding the input end rotation speed, the one-way clutch can also be called an overrunning clutch. The specific structure and principle of this one-way clutch are known in the prior art and will not be repeated here. In addition, various types of one-way clutches can be applied to the differential device according to the present invention.
  • the two wheels at both ends of the same axle 1 will have a difference in the required speed.
  • the required speed of the wheel 1 on the side with a larger curvature radius of motion is greater than the speed and input speed of the wheel 1 on the other side, so that the output end of the one-way clutch 3 on the side with a larger curvature radius of motion "overtakes" the input end, and thus the one-way clutch 3 is in a disconnected state.
  • the differential device thus achieves the redistribution of the wheel speeds on both sides of the wheelset.
  • the two one-way clutches 3 are coaxially arranged with each other and are also coaxially arranged with the corresponding two wheels 1.
  • the differential device input end can be located between the two one-way clutches 3 in the axial direction, and can also be preferably coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches 3.
  • the differential device input end can be connected to the corresponding drive device through various transmission modes.
  • the differential device input end can be implemented as an input gear 4 coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches 3, and is connected to the drive motor TM as the drive device through a gear set.
  • the connection mode of the input gear 4 and the two one-way clutches 3 can be an axial connection.
  • the differential device can also include a connecting shaft 5 coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches 3.
  • the axial ends of the connecting shaft 5 are coaxially connected to the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 respectively.
  • the input gear 4 is coaxially mounted on the radial outer side of the connecting shaft 5.
  • the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 and the input gear 4 are respectively torsionally connected to the connecting shaft 5.
  • the connecting shaft 5 thus provides torque transmission and rotation support functions for the clutch input end 31 and the input gear 4 at the same time.
  • the input gear 4 is axially located between the two clutch input ends 31 and can be spaced apart in the axial direction. The spacing distance between the input gear 4 and the two clutch input ends 31 can be designed according to the needs of the layout space.
  • the input gear 4 may be directly connected to the two one-way clutches 3.
  • the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 may respectively abut against the input gear 4 in the axial direction and be fixed together with the input gear 4 (for example, welded or integrally formed), thereby integrating the two clutch input ends 31 and the input gear 4 together, thereby omitting the connecting shaft 5 and saving axial space.
  • the differential device may further include a housing (not shown).
  • the two one-way clutches 3 (and possible input gears 4 and connecting shafts 5) may be encapsulated in the housing.
  • the housing may provide protection for the one-way clutches 3 and may integrate the various components into a relatively independent product.
  • the novel differential device uses two one-way clutches to replace the traditional planetary gear differential, which can effectively realize the differential function of the wheels.
  • the differential device has a simple structure, low cost, small size, and small space occupation, so it has excellent application prospects.
  • a motor vehicle which includes a differential device according to the above embodiment.
  • the motor vehicle according to the present invention includes at least one main drive axle and at least one auxiliary drive axle.
  • the above differential device is only installed on the auxiliary drive axle, and all the main drive axles use a conventional planetary gear differential D.
  • the motor vehicle of this layout can also realize the function of disconnecting the driving torque of the auxiliary drive axle in a non-all-wheel drive state (for example, a two-wheel drive state) through the differential device.
  • a non-all-wheel drive state for example, a two-wheel drive state
  • the motor vehicle of this layout can also realize the function of disconnecting the driving torque of the auxiliary drive axle in a non-all-wheel drive state (for example, a two-wheel drive state) through the differential device.
  • the output speed of the drive motor TM of the auxiliary drive axle to be disconnected is lower than the output speed of the engine ICE in the drive device of the main drive axle
  • the wheel 1 of the auxiliary drive axle since the speed of the wheel 1 of the auxiliary drive axle is the same as the speed of the main drive axle and higher than the output speed of the drive motor TM of the auxiliary drive axle, the wheel 1 of the auxiliary drive axle "overtakes" the input end of the differential device, so that the differential device is in a disconnected state, thereby real

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Abstract

A differential device and a motor vehicle. The differential device is used for separately transmitting driving torque from a driving device to two wheels (1) located at two axial ends of a vehicle axle. The differential device comprises two one-way clutches (3) and a differential device input end used for receiving driving torque from the driving device. Each of the two one-way clutches (3) comprises a clutch input end (31) and a clutch output end (32), the clutch input ends (31) of the two one-way clutches (3) being all in torsion-resistant connection with the differential device input end, and the clutch output end (32) of each one-way clutch (3) being used for torsion-resistant connection with a corresponding one of the corresponding wheels (1), such that the differential device can perform one-way torque transmission to the two wheels (1) separately.

Description

差速装置和机动车辆Differential device and motor vehicle 技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及车辆技术领域。具体地，本发明涉及一种新型的差速装置和机动车辆。The present invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, and in particular to a novel differential device and a motor vehicle.

背景技术Background Art

机动车辆通常包括多个轮对，每个轮对由安装在车桥两端的两个车轮组成。来自发动机的驱动力首先传递至车桥，然后再经由车桥分别传递至两个车轮。当车辆在理想状态下直线行驶时，每个轮对中的两个车轮的转速是相同的；但当车辆进行转弯或者由于路面或环境条件而偏离直线运动时，每个轮对中的两个车轮的转速将会出现差异，因此需要在车桥上设置差速器。来自驱动装置的驱动扭矩经由差速器分别传递到车桥两端的车轮，差速器能够平衡两侧车轮的转速差异。在现有技术中，差速器包括行星齿轮、行星齿轮架和半轴齿轮等部件，其结构复杂，因此重量和成本都比较高，并且需要占用较大的空间。Motor vehicles usually include multiple wheel sets, each wheel set consists of two wheels installed at both ends of the axle. The driving force from the engine is first transmitted to the axle, and then transmitted to the two wheels respectively via the axle. When the vehicle is driving in a straight line under ideal conditions, the rotation speed of the two wheels in each wheel set is the same; but when the vehicle turns or deviates from the straight line due to road or environmental conditions, the rotation speed of the two wheels in each wheel set will be different, so a differential needs to be set on the axle. The driving torque from the drive device is transmitted to the wheels at both ends of the axle via the differential, and the differential can balance the speed difference of the wheels on both sides. In the prior art, the differential includes components such as planetary gears, planetary gear carriers and half-axle gears, and its structure is complex, so the weight and cost are relatively high, and it takes up a large space.

此外，四轮驱动车辆可以在四轮驱动状态与两轮驱动状态之间转换。其中，一个轮对设置为辅助驱动轮对，其在两轮驱动状态下需要与驱动装置断开以减少电磁和机械损失。为此需要在辅助驱动轮对与驱动装置之间设置断开装置。断开装置需要占用额外的空间，并且成本较高。In addition, a four-wheel drive vehicle can switch between a four-wheel drive state and a two-wheel drive state. Among them, one wheel set is set as an auxiliary drive wheel set, which needs to be disconnected from the drive device in the two-wheel drive state to reduce electromagnetic and mechanical losses. For this purpose, a disconnect device needs to be provided between the auxiliary drive wheel set and the drive device. The disconnect device requires additional space and is relatively expensive.

发明内容Summary of the invention

因此，本发明需要解决的技术问题是，提供一种改进的差速装置和机动车辆。Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an improved differential device and a motor vehicle.

上述技术问题通过根据本发明的一种差速装置而得到解决。该差速装置用于将来自驱动装置的驱动扭矩分别传递至位于车桥的轴向两端的两个车轮。其中，该差速装置包括两个单向离合器以及用于接收来自驱动装置 的驱动扭矩的差速装置输入端，两个单向离合器各自包括离合器输入端和离合器输出端，两个单向离合器的离合器输入端同时抗扭连接到差速装置输入端，每个单向离合器的离合器输出端分别用于抗扭连接到两个车轮中的相应一者，使得差速装置能够分别向两个车轮单向传扭。由于使用两个单向离合器来分别连接两个车轮，因此只能向两个车轮单向传扭，并且允许每个车轮的转速超越单向离合器的输入扭矩的转速。由此当车辆转向或处于非直线行驶状态时，可以通过相应的单向离合器断开所需转速较高的车轮(外侧车轮)与差速装置输入端之间的扭矩传递，从而在同一车桥两侧的两个车轮之间产生适应于行驶状态的转速差。The above technical problem is solved by a differential device according to the present invention. The differential device is used to transmit the driving torque from the driving device to the two wheels located at the axial ends of the axle. The differential device includes two one-way clutches and a differential device for receiving the driving torque from the driving device. The differential device input end is connected to the driving torque of the differential device, and the two one-way clutches each include a clutch input end and a clutch output end. The clutch input ends of the two one-way clutches are simultaneously connected to the differential device input end in a torsion-resistant manner, and the clutch output end of each one-way clutch is used to be connected to a corresponding one of the two wheels in a torsion-resistant manner, so that the differential device can transmit torque to the two wheels in one direction respectively. Since two one-way clutches are used to connect the two wheels respectively, torque can only be transmitted to the two wheels in one direction, and the speed of each wheel is allowed to exceed the speed of the input torque of the one-way clutch. Therefore, when the vehicle turns or is in a non-straight driving state, the torque transmission between the wheel (outer wheel) with a higher required speed and the input end of the differential device can be disconnected by the corresponding one-way clutch, thereby generating a speed difference between the two wheels on both sides of the same axle that is adapted to the driving state.

根据本发明的一个优选实施例，两个单向离合器可以同轴布置。两个单向离合器特别是可以与车桥上的两个车轮同轴布置，由此实现简单的传动连接和布局。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two one-way clutches can be coaxially arranged. The two one-way clutches can be coaxially arranged with the two wheels on the axle, thereby achieving simple transmission connection and layout.

根据本发明的另一优选实施例，差速装置输入端可以在轴向上位于两个单向离合器之间。由此便于差速装置输入端分别与两个单向离合器传动连接。According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the input end of the differential device may be located between the two one-way clutches in the axial direction, thereby facilitating the transmission connection between the input end of the differential device and the two one-way clutches respectively.

根据本发明的另一优选实施例，该差速装置还可以包括作为差速器输入端的输入齿轮，该输入齿轮与两个单向离合器同轴布置。差速装置输入端由此可以通过齿轮机构来与驱动装置传动连接。According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the differential device may further include an input gear as the input end of the differential, and the input gear is coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches. The input end of the differential device can thus be transmission-connected to the drive device through a gear mechanism.

根据本发明的另一优选实施例，该差速装置还可以包括与两个单向离合器同轴布置的连接轴，连接轴的轴向两端分别同轴地抗扭连接到两个单向离合器的离合器输入端，输入齿轮与连接轴同轴地抗扭连接。两个单项离合器的离合器输入端以及输入齿轮由连接轴支撑并且由此通过连接轴传动连接。According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the differential device may further include a connecting shaft coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches, the axial ends of the connecting shaft are respectively coaxially and torsionally connected to the clutch input ends of the two one-way clutches, and the input gear is coaxially and torsionally connected to the connecting shaft. The clutch input ends and the input gears of the two one-way clutches are supported by the connecting shaft and thus are transmission-connected through the connecting shaft.

根据本发明的另一优选实施例，两个单向离合器的离合器输入端可以分别沿轴向抵接输入齿轮并且与输入齿轮固定在一起。由此可以降低差速装置的轴向尺寸，减小安装空间。According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clutch input ends of the two one-way clutches can respectively abut against the input gears in the axial direction and be fixed together with the input gears, thereby reducing the axial size of the differential device and the installation space.

根据本发明的另一优选实施例，该差速装置还可以包括壳体，两个单向离合器封装在壳体中。壳体可以为差速装置的单向离合器等部件提供保护。 According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the differential device may further include a housing, in which the two one-way clutches are encapsulated. The housing may provide protection for components such as the one-way clutches of the differential device.

上述技术问题还通过根据本发明的一种机动车辆而得到解决。该机动车辆包括具有上述特征的差速装置。这种机动车辆由此具有上述差速装置的全部优点。The above technical problem is also solved by a motor vehicle according to the present invention. The motor vehicle comprises a differential device having the above characteristics. The motor vehicle thus has all the advantages of the above differential device.

根据本发明的一个优选实施例，该机动车辆可以包括至少一个主驱动车桥和至少一个辅助驱动车桥，差速装置安装在至少一个辅助驱动车桥上。在辅助驱动车桥上使用这种差速装置，可以在不需要辅助轮驱动时将辅助驱动车桥与驱动装置断开。According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the motor vehicle may include at least one main drive axle and at least one auxiliary drive axle, and the differential device is installed on at least one auxiliary drive axle. Using such a differential device on the auxiliary drive axle, the auxiliary drive axle can be disconnected from the drive device when the auxiliary wheel drive is not needed.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

以下结合附图进一步描述本发明。图中以相同的附图标记来代表功能相同的元件。其中：The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings represent elements with the same functions.

图1示出应用根据本发明的示例性实施例的差速装置的机动车辆的驱动系统的示意图。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a driving system of a motor vehicle to which a differential device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

以下将结合附图描述根据本发明的差速装置和机动车辆的具体实施方式。下面的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本发明的原理，本发明不限于所描述的优选实施例，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书限定。The following will describe the specific implementation of the differential device and motor vehicle according to the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following detailed description and drawings are used to exemplarily illustrate the principles of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described, and the protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.

根据本发明的实施例，提供了一种新型的差速装置。这种差速装置可以安装在车桥上来替代传统的行星齿轮式差速器。下面通过根据本发明的差速装置的示例性实施例来说明这种差速装置的具体结构。According to an embodiment of the present invention, a novel differential device is provided. The differential device can be installed on a vehicle axle to replace a traditional planetary gear differential. The specific structure of the differential device is described below by using an exemplary embodiment of the differential device according to the present invention.

图1示出了应用根据本发明的示例性实施例的差速装置的机动车辆的驱动系统的示意图。如图1所示，这种该机动车辆示意性地示出为具有两个轮对和相应的两个车桥的四轮机动车辆。但应当理解，本发明的差速装置也可以适用于具有更多个轮对和车桥的机动车辆。Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a drive system of a motor vehicle to which a differential device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied. As shown in Fig. 1, the motor vehicle is schematically shown as a four-wheeled motor vehicle having two wheel pairs and corresponding two axles. However, it should be understood that the differential device of the present invention can also be applied to motor vehicles having more wheel pairs and axles.

在图1的机动车辆中，图中上部的车桥为主驱动车桥，而图中下部的车桥为辅助驱动车桥。每个车桥分别沿轴向延伸，并且车桥的轴向延伸方向基本为车身的横向方向。每个车桥在轴向两端分别安装有车轮1，每个车桥的两个车轮1同轴地布置并且构成轮对。每个车桥包括两个半轴2。 两个半轴2分别与两个车轮1同轴地沿轴向延伸。两个半轴2的相互背离的端部分别抗扭连接到相应的车轮1。在主驱动车桥中，两个半轴2的相互面对的端部分别抗扭连接到传统的行星齿轮式差速器D，差速器D转而与发动机(内燃发动机)ICE、驱动电机TM以及发电机ISG(集成启动发电机)等驱动装置传动连接，这种传动连接例如可以通过齿轮等传动机构实现，由此构成了主桥驱动系统M。而在辅助驱动车桥中，两个半轴2的相互面对的端部分别抗扭连接到根据本发明的差速装置，差速装置转而与例如驱动电机TM的驱动装置传动连接，由此构成了辅桥驱动系统A。传统的差速器D或根据本发明的差速装置由此在轴向上安装到两个半轴2之间。来自驱动装置的驱动扭矩可以经由差速器D或根据本发明的差速装置分别传递至位于车桥的轴向两端的两个车轮1。In the motor vehicle of FIG1 , the upper axle in the figure is the main drive axle, and the lower axle in the figure is the auxiliary drive axle. Each axle extends in an axial direction, and the axial extension direction of the axle is substantially the transverse direction of the vehicle body. Each axle is respectively mounted with wheels 1 at both ends of the axial direction, and the two wheels 1 of each axle are coaxially arranged and constitute a wheel pair. Each axle includes two half shafts 2. The two half-shafts 2 extend axially coaxially with the two wheels 1, respectively. The ends of the two half-shafts 2 that are separated from each other are respectively connected to the corresponding wheels 1 in a torsion-proof manner. In the main drive axle, the ends of the two half-shafts 2 facing each other are respectively connected to the conventional planetary gear differential D in a torsion-proof manner, and the differential D is in turn connected to the drive devices such as the engine (internal combustion engine) ICE, the drive motor TM and the generator ISG (integrated starter generator), and this drive connection can be achieved, for example, by a transmission mechanism such as gears, thereby forming a main axle drive system M. In the auxiliary drive axle, the ends of the two half-shafts 2 facing each other are respectively connected to the differential device according to the present invention in a torsion-proof manner, and the differential device is in turn connected to the drive device such as the drive motor TM, thereby forming an auxiliary axle drive system A. The conventional differential D or the differential device according to the present invention is thus installed axially between the two half-shafts 2. The driving torque from the drive device can be transmitted to the two wheels 1 located at the axial ends of the axle via the differential D or the differential device according to the present invention.

如图1所示，根据本发明的差速装置包括两个单向离合器3以及用于接收来自驱动装置的驱动扭矩的差速装置输入端。这两个单向离合器3分别连接在相应的半轴2与差速装置输入端之间，从而替代传统的行星齿轮式差速器。具体而言，每个单向离合器3包括离合器输入端31和离合器输出端32，两个单向离合器3的离合器输入端31同时抗扭连接到差速装置输入端，而两个单向离合器3的离合器输出端32分别抗扭连接到相应的半轴2并且继而抗扭连接到相应的车轮1。差速装置能够经由两个单向离合器3分别向两个车轮1单向传扭。As shown in FIG1 , the differential device according to the present invention includes two one-way clutches 3 and a differential device input end for receiving a driving torque from a driving device. The two one-way clutches 3 are respectively connected between the corresponding half-shafts 2 and the differential device input end, thereby replacing the traditional planetary gear differential. Specifically, each one-way clutch 3 includes a clutch input end 31 and a clutch output end 32, and the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 are simultaneously torsionally connected to the differential device input end, while the clutch output ends 32 of the two one-way clutches 3 are respectively torsionally connected to the corresponding half-shafts 2 and then torsionally connected to the corresponding wheels 1. The differential device can transmit torque to the two wheels 1 in one direction via the two one-way clutches 3.

当单向离合器3沿车辆行驶的正向驱动方向转动时，扭矩仅能从离合器输入端31单向地传递到离合器输出端32，而不能从离合器输出端32反向传递到离合器输入端31。因此，当离合器输出端32的转速超过离合器输入端31的转速(即车轮1的转速超过驱动装置的输入转速)时，车轮1不能通过单向离合器3向驱动装置传递扭矩。由于单向离合器3的这种非传扭状态可以表现为输出端转速超过输入端转速，因此单向离合器也可以称为超越离合器。这种单向离合器的具体结构和原理是现有技术中已知，在此不再赘述。此外，各种类型的单向离合器都可以应用于根据本发明的差速装置。When the one-way clutch 3 rotates in the forward driving direction of the vehicle, the torque can only be transmitted unidirectionally from the clutch input end 31 to the clutch output end 32, and cannot be transmitted in the reverse direction from the clutch output end 32 to the clutch input end 31. Therefore, when the rotation speed of the clutch output end 32 exceeds the rotation speed of the clutch input end 31 (that is, the rotation speed of the wheel 1 exceeds the input rotation speed of the drive device), the wheel 1 cannot transmit the torque to the drive device through the one-way clutch 3. Since this non-torque transmission state of the one-way clutch 3 can be manifested as the output end rotation speed exceeding the input end rotation speed, the one-way clutch can also be called an overrunning clutch. The specific structure and principle of this one-way clutch are known in the prior art and will not be repeated here. In addition, various types of one-way clutches can be applied to the differential device according to the present invention.

当机动车辆进行转弯或者偏离直线运动时，同一车桥两端的两个车轮 1的所需转速将出现差别。此时，运动曲率半径较大的一侧的车轮1的所需转速大于另一侧的车轮1的转速和输入转速，使得运动曲率半径较大的一侧的单向离合器3的输出端“超越”输入端，由此该单向离合器3处于断开状态。该差速装置如此实现了轮对两侧车轮转速的重新分配。When a motor vehicle turns or deviates from a straight line, the two wheels at both ends of the same axle 1 will have a difference in the required speed. At this time, the required speed of the wheel 1 on the side with a larger curvature radius of motion is greater than the speed and input speed of the wheel 1 on the other side, so that the output end of the one-way clutch 3 on the side with a larger curvature radius of motion "overtakes" the input end, and thus the one-way clutch 3 is in a disconnected state. The differential device thus achieves the redistribution of the wheel speeds on both sides of the wheelset.

在优选的实施例中，两个单向离合器3彼此同轴布置，并且也与相应的两个车轮1同轴布置。差速装置输入端在轴向上可以位于两个单向离合器3之间，并且也优选地可以与两个单向离合器3同轴布置。差速装置输入端可以通过各种传动方式与相应的驱动装置传动连接。例如，差速器输入端可以实现为与两个单向离合器3同轴布置的输入齿轮4，并且通过齿轮组与作为驱动装置的驱动电机TM传动连接。In a preferred embodiment, the two one-way clutches 3 are coaxially arranged with each other and are also coaxially arranged with the corresponding two wheels 1. The differential device input end can be located between the two one-way clutches 3 in the axial direction, and can also be preferably coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches 3. The differential device input end can be connected to the corresponding drive device through various transmission modes. For example, the differential device input end can be implemented as an input gear 4 coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches 3, and is connected to the drive motor TM as the drive device through a gear set.

输入齿轮4与两个单向离合器3的连接方式可以是轴连接。具体而言，差速装置还可以包括与两个单向离合器3同轴布置的连接轴5。连接轴5的轴向两端分别同轴地连接到两个单向离合器3的离合器输入端31。输入齿轮4同轴地安装在连接轴5的径向外侧。两个单向离合器3的离合器输入端31以及输入齿轮4分别与连接轴5抗扭连接。连接轴5由此同时为离合器输入端31以及输入齿轮4提供扭矩传递和转动支撑功能。输入齿轮4在轴向上位于两个离合器输入端31之间，并且可以沿轴向间隔开。输入齿轮4与两个离合器输入端31的间隔距离可以根据布局空间的需要来设计。The connection mode of the input gear 4 and the two one-way clutches 3 can be an axial connection. Specifically, the differential device can also include a connecting shaft 5 coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches 3. The axial ends of the connecting shaft 5 are coaxially connected to the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 respectively. The input gear 4 is coaxially mounted on the radial outer side of the connecting shaft 5. The clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 and the input gear 4 are respectively torsionally connected to the connecting shaft 5. The connecting shaft 5 thus provides torque transmission and rotation support functions for the clutch input end 31 and the input gear 4 at the same time. The input gear 4 is axially located between the two clutch input ends 31 and can be spaced apart in the axial direction. The spacing distance between the input gear 4 and the two clutch input ends 31 can be designed according to the needs of the layout space.

替代地，输入齿轮4与两个单向离合器3的连接方式也可以是直接连接。具体而言，两个单向离合器3的离合器输入端31可以分别沿轴向抵接输入齿轮4并且与输入齿轮4固定在一起(例如，焊接或一体形成)，由此将两个离合器输入端31和输入齿轮4集成在一起，从而可以省略连接轴5并且节省轴向空间。Alternatively, the input gear 4 may be directly connected to the two one-way clutches 3. Specifically, the clutch input ends 31 of the two one-way clutches 3 may respectively abut against the input gear 4 in the axial direction and be fixed together with the input gear 4 (for example, welded or integrally formed), thereby integrating the two clutch input ends 31 and the input gear 4 together, thereby omitting the connecting shaft 5 and saving axial space.

优选地，该差速装置还可以包括壳体(未示出)。两个单向离合器3(以及可能的输入齿轮4和连接轴5)可以封装在壳体中。壳体可以为单向离合器3提供保护，并且可以将各个部件集成为一个相对独立的产品。Preferably, the differential device may further include a housing (not shown). The two one-way clutches 3 (and possible input gears 4 and connecting shafts 5) may be encapsulated in the housing. The housing may provide protection for the one-way clutches 3 and may integrate the various components into a relatively independent product.

根据本发明的新型差速装置使用两个单向离合器来代替传统的行星齿轮式差速器，能够有效实现车轮的差速功能。同时，这种差速装置结构简单、成本低廉，并且尺寸小、占用空间少，因此具有优良的应用前景。 The novel differential device according to the present invention uses two one-way clutches to replace the traditional planetary gear differential, which can effectively realize the differential function of the wheels. At the same time, the differential device has a simple structure, low cost, small size, and small space occupation, so it has excellent application prospects.

根据本发明的实施例，还提供了一种机动车辆，这种机动车辆包括根据上述实施例的差速装置。如图1所示，根据本发明的机动车辆包括至少一个主驱动车桥和至少一个辅助驱动车桥。其中，上述差速装置仅安装在辅助驱动车桥上，而所有的主驱动车桥都采用传统的行星齿轮式差速器D。According to an embodiment of the present invention, a motor vehicle is also provided, which includes a differential device according to the above embodiment. As shown in FIG1 , the motor vehicle according to the present invention includes at least one main drive axle and at least one auxiliary drive axle. The above differential device is only installed on the auxiliary drive axle, and all the main drive axles use a conventional planetary gear differential D.

除了具有该差速装置的上述优点之外，这种布局的机动车辆还可以通过该差速装置实现在非全轮驱动状态(例如两轮驱动状态)下断开辅助驱动车桥的驱动扭矩的功能。具体而言，当待断开的辅助驱动车桥的驱动电机TM的输出转速低于主驱动车桥的驱动装置中发动机ICE的输出转速时，由于该辅助驱动车桥的车轮1的转速与主驱动车桥的转速相同并且高于辅助驱动车桥的驱动电机TM的输出转速，辅助驱动车桥的车轮1“超越”差速装置输入端，使得差速装置处于断开状态，由此实现辅助驱动车桥的脱开功能。这使得这种差速装置能够同时实现差速和脱开的功能，由此可以省去现有技术中独立的断开机构，由此进一步节省了成本和布局空间。In addition to the above advantages of the differential device, the motor vehicle of this layout can also realize the function of disconnecting the driving torque of the auxiliary drive axle in a non-all-wheel drive state (for example, a two-wheel drive state) through the differential device. Specifically, when the output speed of the drive motor TM of the auxiliary drive axle to be disconnected is lower than the output speed of the engine ICE in the drive device of the main drive axle, since the speed of the wheel 1 of the auxiliary drive axle is the same as the speed of the main drive axle and higher than the output speed of the drive motor TM of the auxiliary drive axle, the wheel 1 of the auxiliary drive axle "overtakes" the input end of the differential device, so that the differential device is in a disconnected state, thereby realizing the disengagement function of the auxiliary drive axle. This enables the differential device to realize the functions of differential and disengagement at the same time, thereby eliminating the independent disconnection mechanism in the prior art, thereby further saving costs and layout space.

虽然在上述说明中示例性地描述了可能的实施例，但是应当理解到，仍然通过所有已知的和此外技术人员容易想到的技术特征和实施方式的组合存在大量实施例的变化。此外还应该理解到，示例性的实施方式仅仅作为一个例子，这种实施例绝不以任何形式限制本发明的保护范围、应用和构造。通过前述说明更多地是向技术人员提供一种用于转化至少一个示例性实施方式的技术指导，其中，只要不脱离权利要求书的保护范围，便可以进行各种改变，尤其是关于所述部件的功能和结构方面的改变。Although possible embodiments are described by way of example in the above description, it should be understood that there are still a large number of variations of embodiments through the combination of all known and other technical features and embodiments that are easily conceivable to the skilled person. It should also be understood that the exemplary embodiment is only an example and that such an embodiment in no way limits the scope of protection, application and configuration of the present invention. The above description is more to provide the skilled person with a technical guide for converting at least one exemplary embodiment, wherein various changes can be made, especially changes in the functions and structures of the components, as long as they do not depart from the scope of protection of the claims.

附图标记表
1    车轮
2    半轴
3    单向离合器
31   离合器输入端
32   离合器输出端
4    输入齿轮
5    连接轴
D   差速器
M   主桥驱动系统
A   辅桥驱动系统
ICE 发动机(内燃发动机)
TM  驱动电机
ISG 发电机 Reference numerals list
1 Wheel
2 Half shaft
3 One-way clutch
31 Clutch input
32 Clutch output
4 Input gear
5 Connecting shaft
D Differential
M main axle drive system
A Auxiliary axle drive system
ICE engine (internal combustion engine)
TM Drive Motor
ISG generator

Claims (9)

一种差速装置，用于将来自驱动装置的驱动扭矩分别传递至位于车桥的轴向两端的两个车轮(1)，A differential device is used to transmit the driving torque from a driving device to two wheels (1) located at the axial ends of an axle. 其特征在于，It is characterized in that 所述差速装置包括两个单向离合器(3)以及用于接收来自所述驱动装置的驱动扭矩的差速装置输入端，所述两个单向离合器(3)各自包括离合器输入端(31)和离合器输出端(32)，所述两个单向离合器(3)的离合器输入端(31)同时抗扭连接到所述差速装置输入端，每个单向离合器(3)的离合器输出端(32)分别用于抗扭连接到所述两个车轮(1)中的相应一者，使得所述差速装置能够分别向所述两个车轮(1)单向传扭。The differential device comprises two one-way clutches (3) and a differential device input end for receiving a driving torque from the driving device. The two one-way clutches (3) each comprise a clutch input end (31) and a clutch output end (32). The clutch input ends (31) of the two one-way clutches (3) are simultaneously torsionally connected to the differential device input end, and the clutch output end (32) of each one-way clutch (3) is respectively torsionally connected to a corresponding one of the two wheels (1), so that the differential device can transmit torque to the two wheels (1) in one direction respectively. 根据权利要求1所述的差速装置，其特征在于，所述两个单向离合器(3)同轴布置。The differential device according to claim 1 is characterized in that the two one-way clutches (3) are coaxially arranged. 根据权利要求2所述的差速装置，其特征在于，所述差速装置输入端在轴向上位于所述两个单向离合器(3)之间。The differential device according to claim 2, characterized in that the input end of the differential device is axially located between the two one-way clutches (3). 根据权利要求3所述的差速装置，其特征在于，所述差速装置还包括作为所述差速器输入端的输入齿轮(4)，所述输入齿轮(4)与所述两个单向离合器(3)同轴布置。The differential device according to claim 3 is characterized in that the differential device further comprises an input gear (4) as an input end of the differential, and the input gear (4) is coaxially arranged with the two one-way clutches (3). 根据权利要求4所述的差速装置，其特征在于，所述差速装置还包括与所述两个单向离合器(3)同轴布置的连接轴(5)，所述连接轴(5)的轴向两端分别同轴地抗扭连接到所述两个单向离合器(3)的离合器输入端(31)，所述输入齿轮(4)与所述连接轴(5)同轴地抗扭连接。The differential device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the differential device also includes a connecting shaft (5) arranged coaxially with the two one-way clutches (3), and the axial ends of the connecting shaft (5) are respectively coaxially and torsionally connected to the clutch input ends (31) of the two one-way clutches (3), and the input gear (4) is coaxially and torsionally connected to the connecting shaft (5). 根据权利要求4所述的差速装置，其特征在于，所述两个单向离合器(3)的离合器输入端(31)分别沿轴向抵接所述输入齿轮(4)并且与所述输入齿轮(4)固定在一起。The differential device according to claim 4 is characterized in that the clutch input ends (31) of the two one-way clutches (3) respectively abut against the input gear (4) in the axial direction and are fixed together with the input gear (4). 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的差速装置，其特征在于，所述差速装置还包括壳体，所述两个单向离合器(3)封装在所述壳体中。The differential device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the differential device further comprises a housing, and the two one-way clutches (3) are encapsulated in the housing. 一种机动车辆，其特征在于，所述机动车辆包括根据权利要求1至 7中任一项所述的差速装置。A motor vehicle, characterized in that the motor vehicle comprises 7. The differential device according to any one of claims 7 to 7. 根据权利要求8所述的机动车辆，其特征在于，所述机动车辆包括至少一个主驱动车桥和至少一个辅助驱动车桥，所述差速装置安装在所述至少一个辅助驱动车桥上。 The motor vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the motor vehicle comprises at least one main drive axle and at least one auxiliary drive axle, and the differential device is mounted on the at least one auxiliary drive axle.
PCT/CN2023/132392 2023-11-17 2023-11-17 Differential device and motor vehicle Pending WO2025102370A1 (en)

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CN102673390A (en) * 2012-01-04 2012-09-19 河南科技大学 Rear axle differential device and energy-saving vehicle employing same
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DE102018217863A1 (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Electric axle drive for a motor vehicle
DE102018217882A1 (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Differential gear for a motor vehicle
CN216805110U (en) * 2021-10-09 2022-06-24 华为数字能源技术有限公司 Wheel driving mechanism and automobile
CN115556571A (en) * 2022-08-24 2023-01-03 中国人民解放军陆军军事交通学院 All-wheel drive system based on one-way clutch

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5103690A (en) * 1990-05-30 1992-04-14 Roger Macpherson Part-time all wheel drive system
CN102673390A (en) * 2012-01-04 2012-09-19 河南科技大学 Rear axle differential device and energy-saving vehicle employing same
CN203739651U (en) * 2013-12-30 2014-07-30 长城汽车股份有限公司 Vehicle rear axle and vehicle
US20150226300A1 (en) * 2014-02-11 2015-08-13 Deere & Comany Powered axle differential
DE102014208604A1 (en) * 2014-05-08 2015-11-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Drive concept for a four-wheel drive of a vehicle
DE102018217863A1 (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Electric axle drive for a motor vehicle
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CN216805110U (en) * 2021-10-09 2022-06-24 华为数字能源技术有限公司 Wheel driving mechanism and automobile
CN115556571A (en) * 2022-08-24 2023-01-03 中国人民解放军陆军军事交通学院 All-wheel drive system based on one-way clutch

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