WO2025060005A1 - 缓冲件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

缓冲件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025060005A1
WO2025060005A1 PCT/CN2023/120504 CN2023120504W WO2025060005A1 WO 2025060005 A1 WO2025060005 A1 WO 2025060005A1 CN 2023120504 W CN2023120504 W CN 2023120504W WO 2025060005 A1 WO2025060005 A1 WO 2025060005A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buffer
electrode assembly
battery cell
buffer member
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/120504
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林晨辉
何建福
叶永煌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to CN202380094774.2A priority Critical patent/CN120826802A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/120504 priority patent/WO2025060005A1/zh
Priority to EP23952661.9A priority patent/EP4773267A1/en
Publication of WO2025060005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025060005A1/zh
Priority to US19/572,844 priority patent/US20260213351A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/477—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/417—Polyolefins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/471—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01M50/48—Spacing elements inside cells other than separators, membranes or diaphragms; Manufacturing processes thereof characterised by the material
    • H01M50/486—Organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a buffer, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the electrode assembly will expand repeatedly, and the expansion force will act on the outer shell, causing the outer shell to swell and deform, affecting the battery's service life.
  • the present application provides a buffer, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, which can alleviate the problem of expansion force during battery use.
  • the present application provides a buffer component for use inside a battery cell, wherein the battery cell includes a housing and an electrode assembly, and the buffer component has a pressure-bearing surface facing or facing away from the electrode assembly, wherein the pressure-bearing surface is provided with a gas avoidance groove.
  • the effective area of the buffer can be reduced, so that the compressibility of the buffer can be improved on the basis of satisfying good support;
  • the buffer in the battery cell, during the battery manufacturing process, the buffer has a strong supporting ability and can meet the requirements of anti-deformation performance in vacuum baking; during the cycle of the battery cell, the buffer can provide a strong supporting ability, reduce the deformation of the pole piece, improve the wrinkling of the pole piece caused by expansion, and alleviate the problem of lithium or sodium precipitation during the cycle; in the later stage of the battery cell cycle, the buffer can be greatly compressed, reducing the space occupied by the buffer in the outer shell, ensuring the expandable space of the electrode assembly to a certain extent, reducing the expansion force of the battery cell, and improving the service life of the battery cell.
  • the buffer comprises a support plate and a plurality of buffer blocks, the buffer blocks are arranged on the support plate, the plurality of buffer blocks are arranged at intervals, and the gap between two adjacent buffer blocks forms the air-avoiding groove.
  • the buffer by configuring the buffer to include a plurality of buffer blocks, the buffer is formed as a whole by splicing and combining the plurality of buffer blocks and the support plate, each buffer block has a simple structure and a simple manufacturing process, and is easy to manufacture.
  • the buffer block is fixedly connected to the support plate.
  • a plurality of buffer blocks can be directly fixed on the support plate to realize the combined assembly of the buffer components and improve the stability of the buffer components.
  • the buffer block is bonded to the support plate.
  • multiple buffer blocks can be directly bonded to the support plate to realize the combined assembly of the buffer, which has a simple assembly process and is easy to assemble and form, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the entire buffer and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the plurality of buffer blocks on one side of the support plate are arranged at intervals along the length direction and/or width direction of the support plate.
  • the buffer member supports the electrode assembly uniformly, and the compression deformation can also be more uniform, thereby effectively alleviating the expansion force of the battery cell.
  • the distance L1 between two adjacent buffer blocks is not greater than 20 mm.
  • the thickness of the support plate ranges from 30um to 200um.
  • the buffer can not only avoid the problem of the buffer being too thick, which causes the buffer to occupy too much space and is difficult to compress, but also improve the support effect on the buffer block and the support capacity of the buffer, so as to meet the requirements of anti-deformation performance in vacuum baking; or during the cycle of the battery cell, the buffer can provide a strong support capacity to reduce the deformation of the pole piece, etc.
  • the compression rate of the support plate at 1 MPa is not greater than 5%.
  • the support plate can achieve a reliable support effect on the buffer block, thereby improving the support performance of the buffer.
  • the material of the support plate includes at least one of high-density polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the buffer is a buffer block, and a portion of the outer surface of the buffer block is recessed inward to form a groove, and the groove is formed as the air-avoiding groove.
  • the grooves include a plurality of grooves, which are spaced apart along the length direction of the buffer and/or the width direction of the buffer.
  • the arrangement of the grooves can be made more uniform, so that the buffer supports the electrode assembly more uniformly, and the compression deformation can also be more uniform, so that the expansion force of the battery cell can be effectively alleviated.
  • the size of each groove in the length direction of the buffer is L2, and the size of each groove in the width direction of the buffer is L3, wherein L2 is not greater than 20 mm, and L3 is not greater than 20 mm.
  • the buffer can have better support and the compressibility of the buffer can be improved.
  • the groove is formed to extend along the length direction of the buffer or the width direction of the buffer to form a strip groove.
  • the material of the buffer block includes at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, and silicone rubber.
  • the manufacturing cost can be reduced on the basis of improving the compressibility of the buffer piece.
  • the air-avoiding grooves are respectively provided on opposite sides of the buffer in the thickness direction, and the air-avoiding grooves are arranged relatively in the thickness direction of the buffer.
  • the area of the pressure-bearing surface of the buffer is S1, and the area of the air-avoiding groove is S2, wherein the range of S2/S1 is 0-70%.
  • the effective area of the buffer can be reduced, and the compressibility of the buffer can be increased, so that the buffer has both good anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, thereby reducing the expansion force of the battery cell in the later stage.
  • the range of S2/S1 is 20%-50%.
  • the buffer can further have good anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, thereby reducing the expansion force of the battery cell in the later stage.
  • the thickness of the buffer is H1
  • the dimension of the air-avoiding groove in the thickness direction of the buffer is H2
  • the range of H2/H1 is 0-90%.
  • the range of H2/H1 is 30-85%.
  • the buffer can further have good anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, thereby reducing the expansion force of the battery cell in the later stage.
  • the compression rate of the buffer under 1 MPa is greater than 60%.
  • the buffer can be compressed and deformed with the expansion of the electrode assembly to absorb the expansion of the electrode assembly as much as possible and reduce the expansion force of the battery cell in the later cycle.
  • the present application provides a battery cell, including a shell, an electrode assembly and a buffer provided according to the first aspect of the present application, wherein the buffer and the electrode assembly are both arranged in the shell.
  • the buffer has a strong supporting capacity and can meet the requirements of anti-deformation performance in vacuum baking; in the early stage of the battery cell cycle, the buffer can provide a strong supporting capacity, reduce the deformation of the pole piece, improve the wrinkling of the pole piece caused by expansion, and alleviate the lithium or sodium precipitation problem during the cycle; in the late stage of the battery cell cycle, the buffer can be greatly compressed, reducing the occupation of the space in the shell by the buffer, ensuring the expandable space of the electrode assembly to a certain extent, reducing the expansion force of the battery cell, and improving the service life of the battery cell.
  • the buffer is disposed between the housing and the electrode assembly.
  • the buffer is disposed between the housing and the electrode assembly, which is easy to install and can reduce the stress on the housing when the electrode assembly expands, effectively reducing the probability of housing deformation.
  • the battery cell includes a plurality of electrode assemblies, and the buffer is disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies.
  • the buffer can effectively absorb the expansion of the electrode assemblies and reduce the stress on the outer shell when the electrode assemblies expand.
  • the group margin of the battery cell is in the range of 96%-105%.
  • the group margin of the battery cell is between 96%-105%, that is, in the thickness direction of the battery cell, the buffer and the electrode group are The buffer component can roughly fill the inner cavity of the entire shell, thereby ensuring to a certain extent that the buffer component can effectively support the electrode assembly and reduce interface abnormalities such as wrinkling of the electrode piece caused by the failure of the buffer component to support the electrode assembly.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the buffer to the thickness of the electrode assembly is in the range of 2%-15%.
  • the energy density of the battery cell can be improved, and the buffer can play an effective buffering role, reducing the expansion force of the shell when the electrode assembly expands, and effectively reducing the probability of shell deformation.
  • the electrode assembly includes a plurality of pole pieces arranged in a winding manner and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly includes a straight portion and a bend portion connected to the end of the straight portion, and at least one of the straight portion and the bend portion is arranged opposite to the buffer.
  • the buffer component can play a buffering and supporting role for at least one of the straight portion and the curved portion, thereby reducing the risk of bridge breakage and lithium deposition of the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets and a plurality of negative electrode sheets stacked along a first direction, and the buffer is disposed opposite to a surface of at least one side of the electrode assembly along the first direction.
  • the buffer component can effectively buffer and support the laminated electrode assembly, and the buffer component requires a small area and has a low cost.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the battery in the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electric device in the related art
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a battery in the related art
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell in the related art
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a buffer member according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the embodiment shown in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of buffer components according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of buffer members according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG7;
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a buffer member according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of buffer members according to other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG10 ;
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of buffer members according to some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG12;
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in some other embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Battery 1000 Power-consuming device 2000
  • Battery cell 100 housing 110
  • shell 111 end cap 112
  • electrode assembly 120 positive electrode sheet 1201, negative electrode sheet 1202
  • a straight portion 121 a curved portion 122
  • Buffer 200 pressure-bearing surface 201
  • air-avoiding groove 202 Support plate 10
  • buffer block 20 groove 21 .
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a battery refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Some batteries may include a casing for encapsulating one or more battery cells or multiple battery modules. The casing can prevent liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • some batteries may not include the above-mentioned casing and are directly set in the battery installation compartment of the electrical device.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • a battery cell may include a housing, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, wherein the housing is used to contain the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer, wherein the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector, and the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector may be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material may be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon, etc. In order to ensure that a large current passes without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell may be provided with a pole or the like connected to the pole lug as the electrical connection part of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell may have a pressure relief part.
  • the pressure relief part is used to release the internal substances of the battery cell (for example, gas, liquid, particulate matter, etc.) to reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell and avoid the internal pressure of the battery cell being too quickly pressurized, which may lead to dangerous accidents such as explosion of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief part may be an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof plate, etc.
  • the battery includes a case and a battery cell.
  • the case includes an upper shell and a lower shell.
  • the battery cell includes an outer shell and an electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly will expand repeatedly, and the expansion force acts on the outer shell to cause the outer shell to swell and deform.
  • Some designs are to set a buffer inside the outer shell to reduce the expansion force on the outer shell by compressing the buffer.
  • the buffer needs to have good anti-deformation performance.
  • the electrode assembly expands greatly, and the buffer needs to be compressed more to reduce the space occupied by the buffer. That is, the buffer needs to have high compressibility.
  • good resistance to vacuum deformation and high compressibility are difficult to be compatible.
  • the present application proposes a buffer component, which has two sides arranged opposite to each other, and the buffer component has a pressure-bearing surface facing or facing away from the electrode assembly, and the pressure-bearing surface is provided with a gas avoidance groove.
  • the buffer component of the above-mentioned structure by arranging an air avoidance groove on the buffer component, the effective area of the buffer component can be reduced, so that the compressibility of the buffer component can be improved on the basis of satisfying good support; by placing the buffer component in the battery cell, during the battery manufacturing process, the buffer component has a strong supporting ability and can meet the requirements of anti-deformation performance in vacuum baking; in the early stage of the battery cell cycle, the buffer component can provide a strong supporting ability, reduce the deformation of the pole piece, improve the wrinkling of the pole piece caused by expansion, and alleviate the problem of lithium or sodium precipitation in the cycle process; in the later stage of the battery cell cycle, the buffer component can be greatly compressed, reducing the space occupied by the buffer component in the outer shell, ensuring the expandable space of the electrode assembly to a certain extent, reducing the expansion force of the battery cell, and improving the service life of the battery cell.
  • the buffer component disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is used for a battery cell.
  • the battery 1000 with the battery cell disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but not limited to, an electrical device 2000 such as a vehicle, a ship or an aircraft.
  • the power supply system of the electrical device 2000 composed of the battery 1000 disclosed in the present application can ensure the safety and reliability of the electrical device 2000.
  • the power-consuming device 2000 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application may be, but is not limited to, a vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, etc.
  • the vehicle may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, a new energy vehicle, or a rail vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the spacecraft includes an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy includes a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric vehicle toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the electric tool includes a metal cutting electric tool, a grinding electric tool, an assembly electric tool, and a railway electric tool, such as an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an impact drill, a concrete vibrator, and an electric planer, etc.
  • the buffer component 200 of the embodiment of the present application is used inside a battery cell 100 .
  • the battery cell 100 includes a housing 110 and an electrode assembly 120 .
  • the buffer component 200 has a pressure-bearing surface 201 facing or facing away from the electrode assembly 120 .
  • the pressure-bearing surface 201 is provided with an air-avoiding groove 202 .
  • the pressure-bearing surface 201 i.e., the surface of the buffer 200 that is squeezed when the electrode assembly 120 expands, can be a surface that directly supports and bears the pressure toward the electrode assembly 120, or a surface that indirectly bears the pressure away from the electrode assembly 120.
  • the surface of the buffer 200 that faces the housing 110 and faces away from the electrode assembly 120, and the surface of the buffer 200 that faces the electrode assembly 120 are both the pressure-bearing surface 201.
  • the buffer 200 has strong anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, which can meet the manufacturing requirements of the battery 1000. For example, it can meet the requirements of the vacuum baking process for the anti-deformation of the buffer 200, and at the same time meet the full cycle life requirements of the battery cell 100.
  • the two pressure-bearing surfaces 201 of the buffer 200 both have an air-avoiding groove 202, that is, the two opposite sides of the buffer 200 both have an air-avoiding groove 202, each side can contact with one of the electrode assembly 120 and the outer shell 110 through the pressure-bearing surface 201, and the other side can also contact with the electrode assembly 120 or the outer shell 110 through the pressure-bearing surface 201.
  • the buffer 200 can support the electrode assembly 120, and the buffer 200 has no contact with the electrode assembly 120 and the outer shell 110 at the position of the air-avoiding groove 202, thereby further reducing the effective area of the buffer 200, and improving the compressibility of the buffer 200 on the basis of ensuring that the buffer 200 has a certain anti-deformation ability.
  • the buffer 200 of the above-mentioned structure by providing an air avoidance groove 202 on the buffer 200, the effective area of the buffer 200 can be reduced, so that the buffer 200 can achieve an improvement in the compressibility of the buffer 200 on the basis of satisfying good support; by placing the buffer 200 in the battery cell 100, during the manufacturing process of the battery 1000, the buffer 200 has a strong supporting ability and can meet the requirements of anti-deformation performance in vacuum baking; in the early stage of the cycle of the battery cell 100, the buffer 200 can provide a strong supporting ability, reduce the deformation of the pole piece, improve the wrinkling of the pole piece caused by expansion, and alleviate the problem of lithium or sodium precipitation during the cycle; in the late stage of the cycle of the battery cell 100, the buffer 200 can be greatly compressed, reducing the occupation of the space in the outer shell 110 by the buffer 200, ensuring the expandable space of the electrode assembly 120 to a certain extent, reducing the expansion force of the battery cell 100, and improving the service life of the battery cell 100.
  • the buffer member 200 includes a support plate 10 and a plurality of buffer blocks 20 , the buffer blocks 20 are disposed on the support plate 10 , the plurality of buffer blocks 20 are arranged at intervals, and the gap between two adjacent buffer blocks 20 forms an air avoidance groove 202 .
  • the support plate 10 is an integral plate-like structure, and the buffer blocks 20 are arranged on the support plate 10, wherein, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, multiple buffer blocks 20 are arranged on one side of the support plate 10, and as shown in Figure 6, multiple buffer blocks 20 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the support plate 10, and the buffer blocks 20 can contact the outer shell 110 or the electrode assembly 120.
  • the multiple buffer blocks 20 are arranged at intervals, and a gap is formed between two adjacent buffer blocks 20, and the gap is the air avoidance groove 202 of the buffer member 200.
  • the buffer component 200 is configured to include a plurality of buffer blocks 20, and the buffer component 200 is formed as a whole by splicing and combining the plurality of buffer blocks 20 and the support plate 10.
  • Each buffer block 20 has a simple structure and a simple manufacturing process, and is easy to manufacture and form.
  • the buffer block 20 is fixedly connected to the support plate 10 .
  • the entire buffer component 200 is assembled by fixing the buffer block 20 on the support plate 10 .
  • the connection methods include bonding, plug-in, etc., thereby improving the stability of the buffer component 200 .
  • the buffer block 20 is bonded to the support plate 10, and multiple buffer blocks 20 can be directly bonded to the support plate 10 to achieve the combined assembly of the buffer component 200.
  • the assembly process is simple and easy to assemble and form, which reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the entire buffer component 200 and reduces the manufacturing cost.
  • a plurality of buffer blocks 20 on one side of the support plate 10 are arranged at intervals along the length direction and/or the width direction of the support plate 10 .
  • the front side of the support plate 10 has a plurality of buffer blocks 20, and the plurality of buffer blocks 20 can be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the support plate 10 (the left-right direction as shown in Figure 4), and each buffer block 20 can extend along the width direction of the support plate 10, so that the buffer blocks 20 are evenly arranged on the support plate 10.
  • the plurality of buffer blocks 20 can be arranged at intervals along the width direction of the support plate 10 (the up-down direction as shown in Figure 4), and each buffer block 20 can extend along the length direction of the support plate 10, so that the buffer blocks 20 are evenly arranged on the support plate 10.
  • the buffer blocks 20 can also be arranged in multiple rows and columns, thereby making the arrangement of the buffer blocks 20 more uniform, thereby making the support of the buffer member 200 to the electrode assembly 120 more uniform, and the compression deformation can also be more uniform, thereby effectively alleviating the expansion force of the battery cell 100.
  • the distance L1 between two adjacent buffer blocks 20 is no greater than 20 mm.
  • two adjacent buffer blocks 20 are arranged at intervals along the left-right direction, and the distance between the two adjacent buffer blocks 20 is L1.
  • the distance between the two adjacent buffer blocks 20 is still defined as L1. If L1 is too large, that is, the distance between the two adjacent buffer blocks 20 is too large, it will cause uneven local stress and easily lead to too large space in the air avoidance groove 202.
  • the contact surface between the buffer 200 and the electrode assembly 120 or the housing 110 is too small, which makes it difficult to play an effective supporting effect.
  • L1 is limited to a range of not more than 20 mm, that is, L1 can be 20 mm, or any value less than 20 mm, for example
  • L1 is 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, etc.
  • the problem of uneven local stress caused by the large distance between the two buffer blocks 20 can be avoided, and the supporting effect of the buffer component 200 can be improved.
  • L1 is too small and the space of the air avoidance groove 202 is too small, it is difficult to effectively improve the compression rate of the buffer 200.
  • 5mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 10mm L1 can be 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm, 10mm, etc., thereby making the buffer 200 have better support and improving the compressibility of the buffer 200.
  • the thickness of the support plate 10 ranges from 30 um to 200 um.
  • the thickness of the support plate 10 is too large, it is easy to cause the buffer 200 to be too thick, and the buffer 200 occupies too much space, affecting the energy density of the battery cell 100. At the same time, if the thickness of the support plate 10 is too thick, the hardness of the buffer 200 will increase, and it will be difficult for the buffer 200 to achieve a large compression. If the thickness of the support plate 10 is too small, it is easy to cause the supporting strength of the buffer 200 to be too low, and the fixing reliability of the buffer block 20 is poor. For this reason, the thickness of the support plate 10 can be limited to 30um-200um.
  • the thickness of the support plate 10 can be 30um, 40um, 50um, 60um, 70um, 80um, 90um, 100um, 110um, 120um, 130um, 140um, 150um, 160um, 170um, 180um, 190um, 200um.
  • the compression rate of the support plate 10 at 1 MPa is less than 5%, that is, the compression rate of the support plate 10 at 1 MPa is 5%, or less than 5%, such as 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, or may also be 0.
  • the support plate 10 can achieve a reliable supporting effect on the buffer block 20, thereby improving the supporting performance of the buffer member 200.
  • the material of the support plate 10 includes at least one of high-density polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the support plate 10 can be high-density polyethylene, polymethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a composite material. It can also be formed by compounding other materials. By adopting the above materials, the support plate 10 can achieve a reliable supporting effect on the buffer block 20, thereby improving the supporting performance of the buffer component 200.
  • the buffer member 200 is a buffer block 20 , a portion of the outer surface of the buffer block 20 is recessed inward to form a groove 21 , and the groove 21 is formed as a void-avoiding groove 202 .
  • the buffer block 20 is a block structure.
  • the buffer block 20 forms a buffer part 200 as a whole.
  • the outer surface of the buffer block 20 has an inwardly recessed groove 21, and the groove 21 is formed as a gas avoidance groove 202.
  • the portion of the buffer block 20 where the groove 21 is not formed can contact the electrode assembly 120 or the outer shell 110, and the bottom of the groove 21 is spaced from the electrode assembly 120 or the outer shell 110.
  • the buffer part 200 is an integral structural member, and the gas avoidance groove 202 is formed by digging grooves, wherein, as shown in Figures 7 and 10, one side of the outer surface of the buffer block 20 has an inwardly recessed groove 21, and as shown in Figure 12, the outer surfaces of the opposite sides of the buffer block 20 respectively have inwardly recessed grooves 21.
  • the buffer block 20 is formed in a sheet shape, wherein the buffer block 20 can be formed in a square sheet shape, a round sheet shape, or a triangular sheet shape. By setting it as a sheet structure, the buffer component 200 is easily installed in the battery cell 100, while minimizing the space occupied by the buffer component 200.
  • the buffer component 200 is designed as an integral structural component and the air avoidance groove 202 is formed by digging a groove, which is convenient for manufacturing. At the same time, the assembly steps of the buffer component 200 can be reduced, the assembly workload can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
  • the groove 21 includes a plurality of grooves, and the plurality of grooves 21 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the buffer 200 and/or the width direction of the buffer 200 .
  • the front side of the buffer block 20 has a plurality of grooves 21, and the plurality of grooves 21 can be arranged at intervals along the length direction of the buffer block 20 (the left-right direction as shown in FIG8 ), and each groove 21 can extend along the width direction of the buffer block 20, so that the grooves 21 are evenly arranged on the buffer block 20, and the plurality of grooves 21 can be arranged at intervals along the width direction of the buffer block 20 (the up-down direction as shown in FIG9 ), and each groove 21 can extend along the length direction of the buffer block 20, so that the grooves 21 are evenly arranged on the buffer block 20.
  • the grooves 21 can also be arranged in multiple rows and columns, so that the arrangement of the grooves 21 can be more uniform, thereby making the buffer 200 have a uniform distribution of electrodes.
  • the support of the assembly 120 is more uniform, and the compression deformation can also be more uniform, thereby effectively alleviating the expansion force of the battery cell 100 .
  • the dimension of each groove 21 in the length direction of the buffer 200 is L2, and the dimension of each groove 21 in the width direction of the buffer 200 is L3, wherein L2 is not greater than 20 mm, and L3 is not greater than 20 mm.
  • L2 and L3 are limited to a range of no more than 20 mm, that is, L2 and L3 can be 20 mm, or any value less than 20 mm, for example, L1 is 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm, etc., wherein the values of L2 and L3 can be the same or different, thereby avoiding the problem of uneven local stress due to the large distance between the two buffer blocks 20 and improving the support effect of the buffer 200.
  • L2 and L3 are too small and the space of the air avoidance groove 202 is too small, it is difficult to effectively improve the compression rate of the buffer 200.
  • 5mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 10mm, 5mm ⁇ L3 ⁇ 10mm can be 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm, 10mm, etc., thereby making the buffer 200 have better support and improving the compressibility of the buffer 200.
  • the groove 21 is formed to extend along the length direction of the buffer 200 or the width direction of the buffer 200 to form a strip-shaped groove 21 .
  • the groove 21 forms a long strip groove 21, and either end of the groove 21 can have an open mouth, wherein the strip groove 21 can extend along the length direction of the buffer 200, and can also extend along the width direction of the buffer 200.
  • the buffer block 20 is a porous material.
  • the porous material can be made through a foaming process. By using such porous foaming material, the manufacturing cost can be reduced while improving the compressibility of the buffer pad 200.
  • the material of the buffer block 20 includes at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, and silicone rubber.
  • the buffer 20 can be made of any one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, silicone rubber, or a composite material. In the above technical solution, by using such a material, the compressibility of the buffer 200 can be improved while reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • air-avoiding grooves 202 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the buffer component 200 in the thickness direction, and the air-avoiding grooves 202 are arranged relatively in the thickness direction of the buffer component 200 .
  • buffer blocks 20 are respectively provided on the front and rear sides of the support plate 10, and the positions of the buffer blocks 20 in the front and rear directions correspond.
  • grooves 21 are respectively formed on the front and rear sides of the buffer blocks 20, and the positions of the grooves 21 in the front and rear directions correspond, thereby making the positions of the avoidance grooves 202 on both sides of the buffer member 200 correspond. Therefore, when the electrode assembly 120 expands, the buffer member 200 can be prevented from being deformed in its length or width direction, thereby improving the stability of the buffer member 200, and further improving the reliability of the support of the buffer member 200.
  • the area of the pressure-bearing surface 201 of the buffer 200 is S1
  • the area of the air-avoiding groove 202 is S2 , wherein the range of S2 / S1 is 0-70%.
  • the area of the pressure-bearing surface 201 of the buffer 200 with the air avoidance groove 202 is S1, which refers to the area of the entire buffer 200, that is, the area of the internal area enclosed by the edge of the buffer 200, and the area of the air avoidance groove 202 is S2.
  • S2 is the cross-sectional area of the gaps between the multiple buffer blocks 20.
  • S2 is the cross-sectional area of the multiple grooves 21. If the area occupied by the air avoidance groove 202 is too large, it is easy to cause the contact surface between the buffer 200 and the electrode assembly 120 or the housing 110 to be too small, thereby making it difficult to provide effective support. For this reason, the range of S2/S1 can be limited to 0-70%, and S2/S1 can be any value between 0-70%, for example, S2/S1 is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, etc.
  • the range of S2 / S1 is 20%-50%.
  • the range of S2/S1 is 20%-50%, that is, S2/S1 can be 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, thereby further enabling the buffer 200 to have both good anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, thereby reducing the later expansion force of the battery cell 100.
  • the thickness of the buffer 200 is H1, and the gap 202 is at the thickness of the buffer 200.
  • the dimension in the degree direction is H2, and the range of H2/H1 is 0-90%.
  • H2/H1 is limited to 0-90%, and H2/H1 can be any value between 0-90%, for example, H2/H1 is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, etc.
  • the buffer 200 can have good anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, thereby reducing the expansion force of the battery cell 100 in the later stage.
  • H2/H1 ranges from 30-85%.
  • the range of H2/H1 is 30%-85%, that is, H2/H1 can be 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, etc., thereby further enabling the buffer 200 to have both good anti-deformation ability and high compressibility, thereby reducing the later expansion force of the battery cell 100.
  • H2/H1 is preferably 50%-80%, that is, H2/H1 can be any value between 50%-80%, for example, it can be 50%, 53%, 62%, 67%, 73%, 78%, 80%, etc.
  • the compressibility of the buffer 200 at 1 MPa is not less than 60%.
  • the compression rate of the buffer 200 refers to the ratio of the reduced thickness of the buffer 200 when the buffer 200 is compressed to the thickness of the buffer 200 in a free state.
  • the compression rate of the buffer 200 can be measured with a vernier caliper. Specifically, the free thickness d1 of the buffer 200 is repeated at least three times to obtain an average value.
  • the compression rate of the buffer 200 is set to be not less than 60%, which can be 60%, 70%, or 80%. In this way, the buffer 200 can be compressed and deformed with the expansion of the electrode assembly 120, so as to absorb the expansion of the electrode assembly 120 as much as possible and reduce the expansion force of the battery cell 100 in the later stage of the cycle.
  • the compression rate of the buffer member 200 under the application of the first pressure is 60%-90%, the first pressure ranges from 0.8MPa to 1.2MPa, and the first pressure can be 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, 1.0MPa, 1.1MPa, or 1.2MPa; further, when the buffer pad 200 is subjected to the first pressure per unit area, the compression rate of the buffer pad 200 is 70%-90%.
  • the present application proposes a battery cell 100 , including a housing 110 , an electrode assembly 120 , and a buffer 200 , wherein the buffer 200 and the electrode assembly 120 are both disposed in the housing 110 .
  • the outer shell 110 refers to the outermost structural component of the battery cell 100.
  • the outer shell 110 accommodates the electrode assembly 120 and the electrolyte, etc.
  • the outer shell 110 can be an aluminum shell.
  • the buffer member 200 is the buffer member 200 proposed in the first aspect of the present application.
  • the buffer member 200 is arranged in the outer shell 110, that is, the buffer member 200 is located inside a battery cell 100.
  • the buffer member 200 can be located between the outer shell 110 and the electrode assembly 120, or between adjacent electrode assemblies 120.
  • the buffer member 200 is provided with an air avoidance groove 202 so that part of the buffer member 200 is separated from the outer shell 110 or the electrode assembly 120, thereby reducing the effective area of the buffer member 200.
  • the compressibility of the buffer member 200 is improved, so that the buffer member 200 has a strong anti-deformation ability and a high compressibility, which can meet the manufacturing requirements of the battery 1000. For example, it can meet the requirements of the vacuum baking process for the deformation resistance of the buffer member 200, and at the same time meet the full cycle life requirements of the battery cell 100.
  • the electrode assembly 120 compresses the buffer 200 when it expands, so that the buffer 200 is compressed and deformed, and the space occupied by the buffer 200 is reduced.
  • the space in the outer shell 110 for accommodating the electrode assembly 120 is increased, and the expanded part of the electrode assembly 120 can occupy this part of the space, thereby reducing the stress on the electrode assembly 120 when it expands, and at the same time reducing the deformation of the outer shell 110 as much as possible, thereby avoiding the problem of excessive deformation of the outer shell 110 causing damage to the battery 1000 or electrical devices and a short service life.
  • the buffer 200 may have a larger compression amount, further reducing the space occupied by the buffer 200 itself, ensuring the expandable space of the electrode assembly 120 to a certain extent, and thereby reducing the expansion force of the battery cell 100 .
  • a buffer member 200 is disposed between the housing 110 and the electrode assembly 120 .
  • the electrode assembly 120 can be effectively supported, and the requirements for anti-deformation performance during vacuum baking can be met, while reducing deformation of the pole piece; in addition, when the battery cell 100 is charged and discharged, as the electrode assembly 120 expands, the buffer member 200 is compressed and deformed, thereby increasing the space inside the battery cell 100 to accommodate the electrode assembly 120, thereby reducing the stress on the electrode assembly 120 caused by expansion, and effectively reducing the probability of deformation of the outer shell 110, thereby alleviating the problem of large expansion force of the battery cell 100 in the later stage of the cycle, and extending the service life of the battery cell 100.
  • the buffer member 200 is arranged between the shell 110 and the electrode assembly 120, which is easy to install and can reduce the stress on the shell 110 when the electrode assembly 120 expands, effectively reducing the probability of deformation of the shell 110.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a plurality of electrode assemblies 120 , and the buffer 200 is disposed between two adjacent electrode assemblies 120 .
  • a buffer member 200 is provided between adjacent electrode assemblies 120.
  • the buffer member 200 can be provided between any two adjacent electrode assemblies 120, or between two partially adjacent electrode assemblies 120.
  • the number of buffer members 200 can be one or more.
  • the buffer member 200 can effectively absorb the expansion of the electrode assembly 120 and reduce the stress on the housing 110 when the electrode assembly 120 expands.
  • a plurality of buffer components 200 are provided in the battery cell 100, at least one buffer component 200 is arranged between the outer shell 110 and the electrode assembly 120, and at least one buffer component 200 is arranged between two adjacent electrode assemblies 120.
  • the expansion of the electrode assembly 120 can be effectively absorbed, and the stress on the outer shell 110 when the electrode assembly 120 expands can be reduced.
  • the population margin of the battery cells 100 ranges from 96% to 105%.
  • the outer shell 110 has two inner wall surfaces arranged opposite to each other, and the two inner wall surfaces are located on both sides of the arrangement direction of the buffer component 200 and the electrode assembly 120, such as the inner wall surfaces in the front-to-back direction as shown in FIG14.
  • the group margin of the battery cell 100 is the ratio of the sum of the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 and the total free thickness of the buffer component 200 to the distance between the two opposite inner wall surfaces of the outer shell 110, where the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 is the thickness in a fully charged state.
  • the group margin of the battery cell 100 is between 96% and 105%, that is, in the thickness direction of the battery cell 100, the buffer component 200 and the electrode assembly 120 can roughly fill the entire inner cavity of the outer shell 110, thereby ensuring to a certain extent that the buffer component 200 can effectively support the electrode assembly 120, thereby reducing the interface abnormalities such as wrinkling of the electrode sheet caused by the failure of the buffer component 200 to support the electrode assembly 120.
  • the group margin range of the battery cell 100 is 98%-103%, which can further improve the support of the buffer 200 for the electrode assembly 120, especially reduce the interface abnormality problems such as wrinkling of the electrode sheet caused by the failure of the buffer 200 to support the electrode assembly 120 in the fully charged state.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the buffer member 200 to the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 is in a range of 2%-15%.
  • the thickness of the buffer 200 is the thickness of the buffer 200 in a free state
  • the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 is the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 in a fully charged state. If the buffer 200 occupies too much thickness, it is easy to affect the energy density of the battery cell 100. If the buffer 200 occupies too little thickness, it is difficult to play an effective buffering role, which will cause the shell 110 to be subjected to excessive expansion force. In particular, in the late cycle of the battery cell 100, the compression of the buffer 200 is limited, resulting in excessive expansion force. For this reason, the buffer 200 is compressed to a certain extent.
  • the thickness ratio of buffer 200 to the thickness of electrode assembly 120 is limited to between 2% and 15%, and the thickness ratio of buffer 200 to the thickness of electrode assembly 120 can be 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%. This can not only improve the energy density of battery cell 100, but also enable buffer 200 to play an effective buffering role, reduce the expansion force on shell 110 when electrode assembly 120 expands, and effectively reduce the probability of deformation of shell 110.
  • the thickness ratio of the buffer 200 to the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 is 5%-10%, that is, the thickness ratio of the buffer 200 to the thickness of the electrode assembly 120 can be 5%, 5.5%, 6.5%, 7.5%, 8.5%, 9.1%, 9.5%, 10%, etc., thereby further improving the energy density of the battery cell 100 and enabling the buffer 200 to play an effective buffering role and reduce the expansion of the electrode assembly 120.
  • the expansion force on the housing 110 is effectively reduced, thereby effectively reducing the probability of deformation of the housing 110.
  • the setting position of the buffer member 200 relative to the electrode assembly 120 can be flexibly set according to the structure of the electrode assembly 120 .
  • the electrode assembly 120 includes a plurality of pole pieces arranged in a winding manner, and the outer peripheral surface of the electrode assembly 120 includes a straight portion 121 and a bend portion 122 connected to the end of the straight portion 121, and at least one of the straight portion 121 and the bend portion 122 is arranged opposite to the buffer.
  • a plurality of electrode sheets arranged in a wound manner i.e., a positive electrode sheet 1201 and a negative electrode sheet 1202 are stacked and then wound around a set axis to form an electrode assembly 120.
  • the straight portion 121 refers to the portion of the electrode sheet extending along the plane when wound; the turning portion 122 refers to the portion of the electrode sheet extending along the arc surface when wound.
  • the front side surface and the rear side surface of the electrode assembly 120 are formed as the straight portion 121, and the left and right ends of the front side surface and the rear side surface are the turning portions 122, or the left side surface and the right side surface can also be formed as the turning portion 122 as a whole.
  • the electrode assembly 120 includes a plurality of positive electrode sheets 1201 and a plurality of negative electrode sheets 1202 stacked along a first direction, and the buffer 200 is disposed opposite to a surface of at least one side of the electrode assembly 120 along the first direction.
  • the stacking direction of the positive electrode sheets 1201 and the negative electrode sheets 1202 is perpendicular to the pressure-bearing surface 201; for another example, in the laminated electrode assembly 20, multiple positive electrode sheets 1201 and multiple negative electrode sheets 1202 are stacked along a first direction (such as the front-to-back direction shown in FIG17), and the pressure-bearing surface 201 is perpendicular to the first direction.
  • the pole piece is more likely to expand along the stacking direction.
  • the stacking direction of the pole piece in the area opposite to the pressure-bearing surface 201 is perpendicular to the pressure-bearing surface 201, so that the pressure-bearing surface 201 can provide more adequate cushioning and support to the pole piece, thereby improving the effect of reducing pole piece wrinkling.
  • the buffer member 200 corresponds to at least the largest surface of the electrode assembly 120 .
  • some electrode assemblies 120 have two end faces and four side surfaces, wherein the areas of two oppositely arranged side surfaces are relatively large, namely, the large faces of the electrode assembly 120, and the areas of the other two oppositely arranged side surfaces are relatively small, namely, the small faces of the electrode assembly 120.
  • the buffer 200 corresponds to the large faces, or both the large faces and the small faces have corresponding buffers 200, or one end face and the large face have corresponding buffers 200, or both the end faces and the large face have corresponding buffers 200.
  • the buffer 200 corresponds to the large face, thereby effectively supporting the electrode assembly 120 and reducing the wrinkling of the electrode piece.
  • the electrode assembly 120 expands, the expansion of the large face will be relatively large. Therefore, by placing the buffer 200 opposite to the large face of the electrode assembly 120, the expansion of the large face can be absorbed as much as possible, thereby reducing the stress on the electrode assembly 120 caused by the expansion.
  • the buffer member 200 may be disposed continuously, and disposed between any adjacent electrode assemblies 120 by folding or winding.
  • the battery 1000 according to the third aspect of the present application includes the battery cell 100 according to the second aspect of the present application.
  • the electric device 2000 according to the fourth embodiment of the present application includes the battery 1000 according to the third embodiment of the present application, and the battery 1000 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device 2000. Therefore, by using the above battery 1000, it is beneficial to improve the safety and reliability of the electric device 2000.
  • the battery 1000 when the battery 1000 is used in a vehicle, the battery 1000 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle.
  • the battery 1000 may be used to power the vehicle, for example, the battery 1000 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle.
  • the vehicle may further include a controller and a motor, and the controller is used to control the battery 1000 to power the motor, for example, for starting, navigating, and operating power requirements of the vehicle during driving.
  • the battery 1000 is disposed at the bottom of the vehicle, and as shown in FIGS. 4 , 5 and 14 , the battery 1000 includes a plurality of battery cells 100 , each of which includes a housing 110 , an electrode assembly 120 and a buffer 200 , the housing 110 includes a shell 111 and an end cover 112 , and the electrode assembly 120 and the buffer 200 are disposed in the housing 110 .
  • the buffer component 200 includes a support plate 10 and a plurality of buffer blocks 20, wherein the plurality of buffer blocks 20 are bonded to one side surface of the support plate 10 and are arranged at equal intervals, wherein the space between two adjacent buffer blocks 20 forms an air avoidance groove 202, and the buffer component 200 is installed between the outer shell 110 and the electrode assembly 120, wherein the buffer block 20 can abut against the electrode assembly 120, and the setting of the air avoidance groove 202 enables the support plate 10 and the electrode assembly 120 to be arranged at intervals, and the other side of the support plate 10 abuts against the outer shell 110.
  • the buffer 200 can relieve the expansion force of the electrode assembly 120 on the outer shell 110 through compression deformation.
  • the buffer 200 can have a large compression amount, reducing the space occupied by the buffer 200 itself, ensuring the expandable space of the electrode assembly 120 to a certain extent, and then reducing the expansion force of the battery cell 100.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

一种缓冲件(200)、电池单体(100)、电池(1000)及用电装置(2000)，缓冲件(200)用于电池单体(100)内部，电池单体(100)包括电极组件(120)，缓冲件(200)具有面向或背向电极组件(120)的承压面(201)，承压面(201)设有避空槽(202)。

Description

缓冲件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池领域，具体涉及一种缓冲件、电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在电池的循环工作过程中，电极组件会反复膨胀，膨胀力作用于外壳，使外壳鼓胀变形，影响电池的使用寿命。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种缓冲件、电池单体、电池及用电装置，能够缓解电池使用过程中的膨胀力的问题。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种缓冲件，用于电池单体内部，所述电池单体包括外壳和电极组件，所述缓冲件具有面向或背向所述电极组件的承压面，所述承压面设有避空槽。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，通过在缓冲件的承压面上设置避空槽，可以降低缓冲件的有效面积，使缓冲件在满足较好的支撑性的基础上，实现对缓冲件的可压缩率的提高；通过将该缓冲件放置在电池单体内，在电池制造过程中，缓冲件具有较强的支撑能力，可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；在电池单体循环期间，缓冲件可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形，改善因膨胀造成的极片打皱现象，缓解循环过程中的析锂或析钠问题；在电池单体循环后期，缓冲件可以被较大压缩，减少缓冲件对外壳内空间的占用，一定程度上保证电极组件的可膨胀空间，降低电池单体的膨胀力，提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件包括支撑板和多个缓冲块，所述缓冲块设在所述支撑板上，多个所述缓冲块间隔布置且相邻两个所述缓冲块之间的空隙形成为所述避空槽。在上述技术方案中，通过将缓冲件设置为包括多个缓冲块的形式，通过多个缓冲块与支撑板的拼接组合形成缓冲件整体，每个缓冲块结构简单，制造工艺简单，便于制造成型。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲块与所述支撑板固定连接。在上述技术方案中，多个缓冲块可以直接固定在支撑板上，实现缓冲件的组合装配，提高缓冲件的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲块与所述支撑板粘接配合。在上述技术方案中，多个缓冲块可以直接粘接在支撑板上，实现缓冲件的组合装配，装配工艺简单，便于装配成型，降低了整个缓冲件的制造难度，降低制造成本。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑板的一侧的多个所述缓冲块沿所述支撑板的长度方向和/或宽度方向间隔布置。在上述技术方案中，使得缓冲件对电极组件的支撑均匀，压缩变形也可以更均匀，进而可有效缓解电池单体的膨胀力。
在一些实施例中，相邻两个所述缓冲块之间的距离L1，其中，L1不大于20mm。在上述技术方案中，可以避免两个缓冲块之间距离过大导致局部应力不均的问题，提高缓冲件的支撑效果。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑板的厚度范围为30um-200um。在上述技术方案中，既可以一定程度上避免缓冲件过厚导致缓冲件占用空间过多以及缓冲件难以压缩的问题，又可以提高对缓冲块的支撑效果，提高缓冲件的支撑能力，从而可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；或在电池单体循环期间，缓冲件可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形等。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑板在1MPa下的压缩率不大于5％。在上述技术方案中，通过将支撑板的压缩率限定在5％之内，可以使得支撑板可以对缓冲块实现可靠的支撑效果，进而提高缓冲件的支撑性。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑板的材质包括高密度聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯中的至少一种。在上述技术方案中，通过采用上述材料，使得支撑板可以对缓冲块实现可靠的支撑效果，进而提高缓冲件的支撑性。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件为缓冲块，所述缓冲块外表面一部分向内凹陷形成凹槽，所述凹槽形成为所述避空槽。在上述技术方案中，通过将缓冲件设计为一个整体的结构件，通过挖槽形成避空槽，制造方便，同时可以减少缓冲件的装配步骤，减少装配的工作量，降低制造成本。
在一些实施例中，所述凹槽包括多个，多个所述凹槽沿所述缓冲件的长度方向和/或所述缓冲件的宽度方向间隔布置。在上述技术方案中，可以使凹槽的排布更加均匀，进而使得缓冲件对电极组件的支撑更加均匀，压缩变形也可以更加均匀，进而可有效缓解电池单体的膨胀力。
在一些实施例中，每个所述凹槽在所述缓冲件的长度方向上的尺寸为L2，每个所述凹槽在所述缓冲件的宽度方向上的尺寸为L3，其中，L2不大于20mm，L3不大于20mm。在上述技术方案中，既可以使得缓冲件具有较好的支撑性，又可以使得对缓冲件的可压缩率的提高。
在一些实施例中，所述凹槽形成沿所述缓冲件的长度方向或所述缓冲件的宽度方向延伸形成条形凹槽。在上述技术方案中，使得缓冲件具有较好的支撑性和较高的可压缩率的基础上，减少凹槽的数量，简化缓冲件的结构，便于缓冲件的制造成型。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲块的材质包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、硅橡胶中的至少一种。在上述技术方案中，通过采用此类发泡材料件，可以在提高缓冲件的可压缩性的基础上，降低制造成本。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件的厚度方向上的相对两侧分别设有所述避空槽，且所述避空槽在所述缓冲件的厚度方向上相对布置。在上述技术方案中，在电极组件膨胀时，可以防止缓冲件在其长度或宽度方向上活动变形等，便于提高缓冲件的稳定性，进而提高缓冲件支撑的可靠性。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件的承压面的面积为S1，所述避空槽的面积为S2，其中，S2/S1的范围为0-70％。在上述技术方案中，可以降低缓冲件有效面积，提高缓冲件可压缩率，使得缓冲件同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体后期的膨胀力。
在一些实施例中，S2/S1的范围为20％-50％。在上述技术方案中，可以进一步使得缓冲件同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体后期的膨胀力。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件的厚度为H1，所述避空槽在所述缓冲件的厚度方向上的尺寸为H2，H2/H1的范围为0-90％。在上述技术方案中，可以使得缓冲件同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体后期的膨胀力。
在一些实施例中，H2/H1的范围为30-85％。在上述技术方案中，可以进一步使得缓冲件同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体后期的膨胀力。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件在1MPa下的压缩率大于60％。在上述技术方案中，可以使缓冲件随着电极组件的膨胀压缩变形，以尽可能吸收电极组件的膨胀，降低电池单体循环后期的膨胀力。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种电池单体，包括外壳、电极组件和根据本申请第一方面提供的缓冲件，所述缓冲件和所述电极组件均设于所述外壳内。在上述技术方案中，通过采用上述缓冲件，在电池制造过程中，缓冲件具有较强的支撑能力，可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；在电池单体循环前期，缓冲件可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形，改善因膨胀造成的极片打皱现象，缓解循环过程中的析锂或析钠问题；在电池单体循环后期，缓冲件可以被较大压缩，减少缓冲件对外壳内空间的占用，一定程度上保证电极组件的可膨胀空间，降低电池单体的膨胀力，提高电池单体的使用寿命。
在一些实施例中，所述外壳和所述电极组件之间设有所述缓冲件。在上述技术方案中，将缓冲件设置在外壳和电极组件之间，安装方便，且可以减少电极组件膨胀时外壳受到的应力，有效降低外壳变形的概率。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体包括多个电极组件，所述缓冲件设于相邻两个所述电极组件之间。在上述技术方案中，通过在电极组件之间设置缓冲件，缓冲件可以有效吸收电极组件的膨胀量，减少电极组件膨胀时外壳受到的应力。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体的群裕度范围为96％-105％。在上述技术方案中，通过采用上述缓冲件，使电池单体的群裕度在96％-105％之间，即在电池单体的厚度方向上，缓冲件和电极组 件可以大致填满整个外壳的内腔，进而一定程度上保证缓冲件可以对电极组件起到有效的支撑，降低缓冲件对电极组件支撑失效导致的极片打皱等界面异常的问题。
在一些实施例中，所述缓冲件的厚度与所述电极组件的厚度比范围为2％-15％。在上述技术方案中，可以提高电池单体的能量密度，又可以使缓冲件起到有效的缓冲作用，减少电极组件膨胀时外壳受到的膨胀力，有效降低外壳变形的概率。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件包括卷绕布置的多个极片且所述电极组件的外周面包括平直部和与所述平直部的端部连接的拐弯部，所述平直部和所述拐弯部中的至少一个与所述缓冲件相对设置。
在上述技术方案中，缓冲件能够对平直部和拐弯部中的至少一处起到缓冲和支撑作用，降低电极组件的断桥和析锂风险。
在一些实施例中，所述电极组件包括沿第一方向叠片布置的多个正极极片和多个负极极片，所述缓冲件与所述电极组件沿所述第一方向至少一侧的表面相对设置。
在上述技术方案中，缓冲件能够对叠片式的电极组件起到有效缓冲和支撑作用，且缓冲件所需面积较小，成本较低。
在一些实施例中，所述避空槽的槽口形成于所述承压面，所述电极组件与所述承压面相对区域的极片层叠方向与所述承压面垂直。在上述技术方案中，使用过程中，极片沿层叠方向更易发生膨胀，通过与承压面相对的区域的极片层叠方向与承压面垂直，使承压面能够更充分地向极片提供缓冲和支撑，以提高减少极片打皱的效果。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池，其包括上述实施例中的电池单体。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种用电装置，其包括上述实施例中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为相关技术中的用电装置的示意图；
图2为相关技术中的电池的示意图；
图3为相关技术中的电池单体的示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的缓冲件的示意图；
图5为图4所示实施例的局部结构示意图；
图6为本申请另一些实施例的缓冲件的示意图；
图7为本申请又一些实施例的缓冲件的示意图；
图8为图7所示实施例的剖视图；
图9为本申请再一些实施例的缓冲件的示意图；
图10为本申请另一些实施例的缓冲件的示意图；
图11为图10所示实施例的剖视图；
图12为本申请又一些实施例的缓冲件的示意图；
图13为图12所示实施例的剖视图；
图14为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图15为本申请另一些实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图16为本申请又一些实施例提供的电池单体的示意图；
图17为本申请一些实施例的电极组件的示意图。
附图标记：
电池1000，用电装置2000，
电池单体100，外壳110，壳体111，端盖112，电极组件120，正极极片1201，负极极片1202，
平直部121，拐弯部122，
缓冲件200，承压面201，避空槽202，
支撑板10，缓冲块20，凹槽21。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模组或电池包等。一些电池可以包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体或多个电池模组的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。当然，还有一些电池可以不包括上述箱体，直接设置在用电装置的电池安装舱内。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
例如，电池单体可以包括外壳、电极组件和电解液，外壳用于容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。
负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外， 电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体上可以设置极柱等与极耳相连，作为电池单体的电连接部。并且，电池单体上可以具有泄压部，在电池单体内压过大(例如热失控)时，泄压部用于释放电池单体内部物质(例如气体、液体、颗粒物等)，以降低电池单体的内部压力，避免电池单体内部过快加压，而导致电池单体爆燃等危险事故。例如，泄压部可以为防爆阀、防爆片等等。
例如图1和图2所示，一些用电装置中，采用电池进行供电，电池包括箱体和电池单体，箱体包括上壳和下壳，如图3所示，电池单体包括外壳和电极组件，在电池单体的循环工作过程中，电极组件会反复膨胀，膨胀力作用于外壳，使外壳鼓胀变形，一些设计是在外壳内设置缓冲件，通过压缩缓冲件降低外壳受到的膨胀力，然而为了满足电池真空烘烤的要求，缓冲件需要具备较好的抗变形性能，而在电池使用后期，电极组件膨胀量大，缓冲件需要较大的压缩，以减少缓冲件占用的空间，即缓冲件需要具备较高的可压缩性，然而良好的抗真空变形和高的可压缩性两者难以兼容。
为此，本申请提成一种缓冲件，缓冲件具有相对设置的两侧，缓冲件具有面向或背向电极组件的承压面，承压面设有避空槽。
在上述这种结构的缓冲件中，通过在缓冲件上设置避空槽，可以降低缓冲件的有效面积，使缓冲件在满足较好的支撑性的基础上，实现对缓冲件的可压缩率的提高；通过将该缓冲件放置在电池单体内，在电池制造过程中，缓冲件具有较强的支撑能力，可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；在电池单体循环前期，缓冲件可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形，改善因膨胀造成的极片打皱现象，缓解循环过程中的析锂或析钠问题；在电池单体循环后期，缓冲件可以被较大压缩，减少缓冲件对外壳内空间的占用，一定程度上保证电极组件的可膨胀空间，降低电池单体的膨胀力，提高电池单体的使用寿命。
本申请实施例公开的缓冲件用于电池单体，本申请实施例公开的具有该电池单体的电池1000可以用于、但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置2000中，可以使具备本申请公开的电池1000等组成该用电装置2000的电源系统，以保证用电装置2000的使用安全性和可靠性。
例如，本申请实施例公开的用电装置2000可以是、但不限于是车辆、手机、平板、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油车辆、或燃气车辆、或新能源车辆、或轨道车辆，新能源车辆可以是纯电动车辆、混合动力车辆或增程式车辆等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动车辆玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。
下面，参考附图，描述根据本申请实施例的缓冲件200。
如图4-图13所示，本申请实施例的缓冲件200，用于电池单体100内部，电池单体100包括外壳110和电极组件120，缓冲件200具有面向或背向电极组件120的承压面201，承压面201设有避空槽202。
承压面201，即在电极组件120膨胀时，缓冲件200受到挤压的表面，承压面201可以为直接朝向电极组件120支撑承受压力的表面，也可以为背向电极组件120间接承受压力的表面，例如缓冲件200朝向外壳110且背向电极组件120的表面、缓冲件200朝向电极组件120的表面均为承压面201。
如图4-图5、图7-图8、图10-图11所示，缓冲件200的一个承压面201具有避空槽202，这里是在缓冲件200的一侧设有避空槽202，该侧可以与电极组件120和外壳110中的一个接触，即实现了对缓冲件200的定位固定，缓冲件200的该侧或另一侧与电极组件120接触，从而使得缓冲件200可以对电极组件120起到支撑作用，同时，缓冲件200的该侧在避空槽202的位置与电极组件120和外壳110无接触。
也就是说，避空槽202为一空间，通过避空槽202的设置，使缓冲件200的部分与外壳110或电极组件120间隔开，从而降低缓冲件200的有效面积，在保证缓冲件200具备一定的抗变形能力的基础上，提高缓冲件200的可压缩率，进而在电池单体100循环充放电过程中，缓冲件200既可以通过压缩变形，缓解电极组件120膨胀作用至外壳110的膨胀力，同时在循环后期，缓冲件200可以具有较大的压缩量，减少缓冲件200自身占用的空间，一定程度上保证电极组件120的可膨胀 空间，进而降低电池单体100的膨胀力。
由此缓冲件200具备较强的抗变形能力和较高的可压缩率，可以满足电池1000制造的要求，例如，可以满足真空烘焙过程对缓冲件200抗变形性的要求，同时可以满足电池单体100循环全寿命的需求。
如图6、图9、图12-图13所示，缓冲件200的两个承压面201均具有避空槽202，即缓冲件200的相对两侧均具有避空槽202，每侧可以通过承压面201与电极组件120和外壳110中的一个接触，另一侧也可以通过承压面201与电极组件120或外壳110接触，在实现了对缓冲件200的定位固定的基础上，缓冲件200可以对电极组件120起到支撑作用，缓冲件200在避空槽202的位置与电极组件120和外壳110无接触，由此可以进一步降低缓冲件200的有效面积，在保证缓冲件200具备一定的抗变形能力的基础上，提高缓冲件200的可压缩率。
在上述这种结构的缓冲件200中，通过在缓冲件200上设置避空槽202，可以降低缓冲件200的有效面积，使缓冲件200在满足较好的支撑性的基础上，实现对缓冲件200的可压缩率的提高；通过将该缓冲件200放置在电池单体100内，在电池1000制造过程中，缓冲件200具有较强的支撑能力，可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；在电池单体100循环前期，缓冲件200可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形，改善因膨胀造成的极片打皱现象，缓解循环过程中的析锂或析钠问题；在电池单体100循环后期，缓冲件200可以被较大压缩，减少缓冲件200对外壳110内空间的占用，一定程度上保证电极组件120的可膨胀空间，降低电池单体100的膨胀力，提高电池单体100的使用寿命。
如图4-图6所示，在一些实施例中，缓冲件200包括支撑板10和多个缓冲块20，缓冲块20设在支撑板10上，多个缓冲块20间隔布置，且相邻两个缓冲块20之间的空隙形成为避空槽202。
如图4-图6所示，支撑板10为一整体的板状结构，缓冲块20设置在支撑板10上，其中，如图4和图5所示，多个缓冲块20设在支撑板10的一侧，如图6所示，多个缓冲块20分别设在支撑板10的相对两侧，缓冲块20可以与外壳110或电极组件120接触，多个缓冲块20间隔布置，相邻两个缓冲块20之间形成有空隙，该空隙即为缓冲件200的避空槽202。
在上述技术方案中，通过将缓冲件200设置为包括多个缓冲块20的形式，通过多个缓冲块20与支撑板10的拼接组合形成缓冲件200整体，每个缓冲块20结构简单，制造工艺简单，便于制造成型。
在一些实施例中，缓冲块20与支撑板10固定连接。
通过将缓冲块20固定连接在支撑板10上，实现整个缓冲件200的组装，这里的连接方式包括粘接、插接等，由此可以提高缓冲件200的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，缓冲块20与支撑板10粘接配合，多个缓冲块20可以直接粘接在支撑板10上，实现缓冲件200的组合装配，装配工艺简单，便于装配成型，降低了整个缓冲件200的制造难度，降低制造成本。
如图4-图6所示，在一些示例中，支撑板10的一侧的多个缓冲块20沿支撑板10的长度方向和/或宽度方向间隔布置。
如图4和图5所示，支撑板10前侧具有多个缓冲块20，多个缓冲块20可以沿支撑板10的长度方向(如图4所示的左右方向)间隔布置，每个缓冲块20可以沿支撑板10的宽度方向延伸，使得缓冲块20均匀排布在支撑板10上，多个缓冲块20可以沿支撑板10的宽度方向(如图4所示的上下方向)间隔布置，每个缓冲块20可以沿支撑板10的长度方向延伸，使得缓冲块20均匀排布在支撑板10上，当然，缓冲块20还可以成多排多列布置，由此可以使缓冲块20的排布更加均匀，进而使得缓冲件200对电极组件120的支撑更加均匀，压缩变形也可以更加均匀，进而可有效缓解电池单体100的膨胀力。
如图5所示，在一些实施例中，相邻两个缓冲块20之间的距离L1，其中，L1不大于20mm。
如图5所示，相邻两个缓冲块20沿左右方向间隔布置，相邻两个缓冲块20之间的距离为L1，当然，若相邻两个缓冲块20沿上下方向间隔布置，相邻两个缓冲块20之间的距离仍定义为L1，其中，若L1过大，即相邻两个缓冲块20之间距离过大，会导致局部应力不均，同时容易导致避空槽202空间过大，缓冲件200与电极组件120或外壳110接触面过小，从而难以起到有效的支撑效果，为此将L1限定在不大于20mm的范围，即L1可以为20mm，也可以为小于20mm的任意数值，例 如L1为1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、10mm、11mm、12mm、13mm、14mm、15mm、16mm、17mm、18mm、19mm等，由此可以避免两个缓冲块20之间距离过大导致局部应力不均的问题，提高缓冲件200的支撑效果。
此外，若L1过小，避空槽202空间过小，难以有效提高缓冲件200的压缩率，在一些优选的示例中，5mm≤L1≤10mm，例如，L1可以为5mm、5.5mm、6mm、6.5mm、7mm、7.5mm、8mm、8.5mm、9mm、9.5mm、10mm等，由此既可以使得缓冲件200具有较好的支撑性，又可以使得对缓冲件200的可压缩率的提高。
如图5和图6所示，在一些实施例中，支撑板10的厚度范围为30um-200um。
如图5和图6所示，若支撑板10的厚度过大，容易导致缓冲件200过厚，缓冲件200占用空间过多，影响电池单体100的能量密度，同时支撑板10过厚会使得缓冲件200硬度增大，缓冲件200难以实现较大压缩，而若支撑板10的厚度过小，则容易导致缓冲件200支撑强度过低，缓冲块20固定可靠性差，为此，可以将支撑板10的厚度限定在30um-200um，支撑板10的厚度可以为30um、40um、50um、60um、70um、80um、90um、100um、110um、120um、130um、140um、150um、160um、170um、180um、190um、200um。
由此，既可以一定程度上避免缓冲件200过厚导致缓冲件200占用空间过多以及缓冲件200难以压缩的问题，又可以提高对缓冲块20的支撑效果，提高缓冲件200的支撑能力，从而可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；或在电池单体100循环期间，缓冲件200可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形等。
在一些实施例中，支撑板10在1MPa下的压缩率小于5％。
支撑板10在1MPa下的压缩率小于5％，即支撑板10在1MPa下的压缩率为5％，或者小于5％，例如4％、3％、2％、1％，或者也可以为0。
在上述技术方案中，通过将支撑板10的压缩率限定在5％之内，可以使得支撑板10可以对缓冲块20实现可靠的支撑效果，进而提高缓冲件200的支撑性。
在一些实施例中，支撑板10的材质包括高密度聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯中的至少一种。
支撑板10可以为高密度聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯，也可以是复合材料件，还可以通过复合其他材料形成，通过采用上述材料，使得支撑板10可以对缓冲块20实现可靠的支撑效果，进而提高缓冲件200的支撑性。
如图7-图13所示，在一些实施例中，缓冲件200为缓冲块20，缓冲块20外表面一部分向内凹陷形成凹槽21，凹槽21形成为避空槽202。
如图7-图13所示，缓冲块20为一个块状结构，缓冲块20整体形成缓冲件200，缓冲块20外表面具有向内凹陷的凹槽21，凹槽21形成为避空槽202，缓冲块20未形成凹槽21的部分可以与电极组件120或外壳110接触，凹槽21的底部与电极组件120或外壳110间隔布置，也就是说，缓冲件200是一个整体的结构件，通过挖槽形成避空槽202，其中，如图7和图10所示，缓冲块20的一侧外表面具有向内凹陷的凹槽21，如图12所示，缓冲块20的相对两侧的外表面分别具有向内凹陷的凹槽21。
可以理解的是，缓冲块20形成片状，其中，缓冲块20可以形成方片状、圆片状，亦或者是三角片状，通过设置为片状结构，便于缓冲件200在电池单体100内的安装，同时尽可能减少缓冲件200占用的空间。
在上述技术方案中，通过将缓冲件200设计为一个整体的结构件，通过挖槽形成避空槽202，制造方便，同时可以减少缓冲件200的装配步骤，减少装配的工作量，降低制造成本。
如图7-图13所示，在一些实施例中，凹槽21包括多个，多个凹槽21沿缓冲件200的长度方向和/或缓冲件200的宽度方向间隔布置。
如图8所示，缓冲块20前侧具有多个凹槽21，多个凹槽21可以沿缓冲块20的长度方向(如图8所示的左右方向)间隔布置，每个凹槽21可以沿缓冲块20的宽度方向延伸，使得凹槽21均匀排布在缓冲块20上，多个凹槽21可以沿缓冲块20的宽度方向(如图9所示的上下方向)间隔布置，每个凹槽21可以沿缓冲块20的长度方向延伸，使得凹槽21均匀排布在缓冲块20上，当然，凹槽21还可以成多排多列布置，由此可以使凹槽21的排布更加均匀，进而使得缓冲件200对电极 组件120的支撑更加均匀，压缩变形也可以更加均匀，进而可有效缓解电池单体100的膨胀力。
如图8所示，在一些实施例中，每个凹槽21在缓冲件200的长度方向上的尺寸为L2，每个凹槽21在缓冲件200的宽度方向上的尺寸为L3，其中，L2不大于20mm，L3不大于20mm。
如图8所示，若凹槽21的长度尺寸或宽度尺寸过大，会导致局部应力不均，同时容易导致避空槽202空间过大，从而难以起到有效的支撑效果，为此将L2和L3限定在不大于20mm的范围，即L2和L3可以为20mm，也可以为小于20mm的任意数值，例如L1为1mm、2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、10mm、11mm、12mm、13mm、14mm、15mm、16mm、17mm、18mm、19mm等，其中，L2和L3的值可以相同，也可以不同，由此可以避免两个缓冲块20之间距离过大导致局部应力不均的问题，提高缓冲件200的支撑效果。
此外，若L2和L3过小，避空槽202空间过小，难以有效提高缓冲件200的压缩率，在一些优选的示例中，5mm≤L2≤10mm，5mm≤L3≤10mm，例如，L2和L3可以为5mm、5.5mm、6mm、6.5mm、7mm、7.5mm、8mm、8.5mm、9mm、9.5mm、10mm等，由此既可以使得缓冲件200具有较好的支撑性，又可以使得对缓冲件200的可压缩率的提高。
如图10-图13所示，在一些实施例中，凹槽21形成沿缓冲件200的长度方向或缓冲件200的宽度方向延伸形成条形凹槽21。
如图图10-图13所示，凹槽21形成长条形凹槽21，凹槽21的任一端均可以具有敞开口，其中，该条形凹槽21可以沿缓冲件200的长度方向延伸，也可以沿缓冲件200的宽度方向延伸，由此使得缓冲件200具有较好的支撑性和较高的可压缩率的基础上，减少凹槽21的数量，简化缓冲件200的结构，便于缓冲件200的制造成型。
在一些实施例中，缓冲块20为多孔材料件。
多孔材料可以通过发泡工艺制成，通过采用此类多孔发泡材料件，可以在提高缓冲垫200的可压缩性的基础上，降低制造成本。
在一些实施例中，缓冲块20的材质包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、硅橡胶中的至少一种。
缓冲件20可以采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、硅橡胶中的任一种，也可以为复合材料件。在上述技术方案中，通过采用此类材料件，可以在提高缓冲件200的可压缩性的基础上，降低制造成本。
如图6、图12-图13所示，在一些实施例中，缓冲件200的厚度方向上的相对两侧分别设有避空槽202，且避空槽202在缓冲件200的厚度方向上相对布置。
如图6所示，支撑板10的前后两侧分别设有缓冲块20，且缓冲块20在前后方向上位置对应，如图12和图13所示，缓冲块20的前侧和后侧分别形成有凹槽21，且凹槽21在前后方向上位置对应，由此使得缓冲件200两侧的避空槽202的位置对应，由此在电极组件120膨胀时，可以防止缓冲件200在其长度或宽度方向上活动变形等，便于提高缓冲件200的稳定性，进而提高缓冲件200支撑的可靠性。
如图4-图13所示，在一些实施例中，缓冲件200的承压面201的面积为S1，避空槽202的面积为S2，其中，S2/S1的范围为0-70％。
如图4-图13所示，缓冲件200的设有避空槽202的承压面201的面积为S1，这里是指整个缓冲件200的面积，即缓冲件200的边沿围成内部区域的面积，避空槽202的面积为S2，如图4所示，这里S2是多个缓冲块20之间孔隙的截面积，如图7所示，这里S2为多个凹槽21的截面积，其中，若避空槽202的占用的面积过大，则容易导致缓冲件200与电极组件120或外壳110接触面过小，从而难以起到有效的支撑效果，为此可以将S2/S1的范围限定在0-70％，S2/S1可以为0-70％之间任意数值，例如S2/S1为10％，20％，30％，40％，50％，60％，70％等。
由此可以降低缓冲件200有效面积，提高缓冲件200可压缩率，使得缓冲件200同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体100后期的膨胀力。
如图4-图13所示，在一些实施例中，S2/S1的范围为20％-50％。
若避空槽202的占用的面积过小，避空槽202空间过小，难以有效提高缓冲件200的压缩率，在一些优选的示例中，S2/S1的范围为20％-50％，即S2/S1可以为20％，25％，30％，35％，40％，45％，50％，由此可以进一步使得缓冲件200同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体100后期的膨胀力。
如图5和图8所示，在一些实施例中，缓冲件200的厚度为H1，避空槽202在缓冲件200的厚 度方向上的尺寸为H2，H2/H1的范围为0-90％。
如图5和图8所示，避空槽202占用的厚度过多，缓冲件200易压缩变形，从而缓冲件200难以起到有效的支撑效果，为此将H2/H1限定在0-90％，H2/H1可以为0-90％之间任意数值，例如H2/H1为10％，20％，30％，40％，50％，60％，70％，80％，90％等。由此可以使得缓冲件200同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体100后期的膨胀力。
在一些优选的实施例中，H2/H1的范围为30-85％。
若避空槽202占用的厚度过小，难以有效提高缓冲件200的压缩率，在一些优选的示例中，H2/H1的范围为30％-85％，即H2/H1可以为30％，35％，40％，45％，50％，55％，60％，65％，70％，75％，80％，85％等，由此可以进一步使得缓冲件200同时具备良好的抗变形能力和高的可压缩率，进而可以降低电池单体100后期的膨胀力。
进一步地，H2/H1优选为50％-80％，即H2/H1可以为50％-80％之间的任意数值，例如可以为50％，53％，62％，67％，73％，78％，80％等。
在一些实施例中，缓冲件200在1MPa下的压缩率不小于60％。
缓冲件200的压缩率是指，在缓冲件200被压缩时缓冲件200减少的厚度与缓冲件200在自由状态下的厚度的比值。可以用游标卡尺测量缓冲件200的压缩率，具体而言，缓冲件200的自由厚度d1，重复至少三次取平均值，将测试缓冲件200置于两块平行金属板中，施加特定的压力保持1min后，用游标卡尺测试缓冲件200的厚度d2，重复至少三次取平均值，计算缓冲件200的压缩率：缓冲件200的压缩率(％)＝(d2-d1)/d1×100％。
若缓冲件200的压缩率过小时，缓冲件200可压缩量较小，难以吸收电极组件120的变形，尤其是电池单体100循环后期，缓冲件200难以压缩导致电极组件120膨胀空间不足，进而影响电池单体100后期的膨胀力，为此将缓冲件200在1MPa下的压缩率不小于60％的范围，可以为60％，也可以为70％，80％，由此可以使缓冲件200随着电极组件120的膨胀压缩变形，以尽可能吸收电极组件120的膨胀，降低电池单体100循环后期的膨胀力。
在一些示例中，缓冲件200在施加第一压力下的压缩率为60％-90％，第一压力的范围为0.8MPa-1.2MPa，第一压力可以为0.8MPa、0.9MPa、1.0MPa、1.1MPa、1.2MPa；进一步地，在单位面积的缓冲垫200受到第一压力，缓冲垫200的压缩率为70％-90％。
如图14-图16所示，第二方面，本申请提出一种电池单体100，包括外壳110、电极组件120和缓冲件200，缓冲件200和电极组件120均设于外壳110内。
外壳110是指电池单体100最外侧的结构件，外壳110内容纳电极组件120和电解液等，这里的外壳110可以为铝壳。
电极组件120设置在外壳110内，电极组件120可以是叠片式，即电极组件120的多个极片层叠布置，电极组件120也可以是卷绕式，即电极组件120的正极片和负极片叠加后卷绕成型；此外，外壳110内可以设有一个电极组件120，也可以是设有多个电极组件120。
缓冲件200为本申请第一方面提出的缓冲件200，缓冲件200设置在外壳110内，即缓冲件200位于一个电池单体100的内部，缓冲件200可以位于外壳110和电极组件120之间，也可以位于相邻的电极组件120之间。
缓冲件200通过设置避空槽202，使缓冲件200的部分与外壳110或电极组件120间隔开，从而降低缓冲件200的有效面积，在保证缓冲件200具备一定的抗变形能力的基础上，提高缓冲件200的可压缩率，使得缓冲件200具备较强的抗变形能力和较高的可压缩率，可以满足电池1000制造的要求，例如，可以满足真空烘焙过程对缓冲件200抗变形性的要求，同时可以满足电池单体100循环全寿命的需求。
在电池单体100充放电，电极组件120发生膨胀变形时，电极组件120膨胀时压缩缓冲件200，使得缓冲件200压缩变形，缓冲件200占用的空间减小，由此使得外壳110内容纳电极组件120空间得以增大，电极组件120膨胀的部分可以占用该部分空间，从而可以降低电极组件120膨胀时受到的应力，同时尽可能地减少外壳110的变形量，避免外壳110过渡变形导致电池1000或用电装置受损、使用寿命低的问题。
同时在循环后期，缓冲件200可以具有较大的压缩量，进一步减少缓冲件200自身占用的空间，一定程度上保证电极组件120的可膨胀空间，进而降低电池单体100的膨胀力。
在上述这种结构的电池单体100中，通过采用上述缓冲件200，在电池1000制造过程中，缓冲件200具有较强的支撑能力，可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求；在电池单体100循环前期，缓冲件200可以提供较强的支撑能力，减少极片变形，改善因膨胀造成的极片打皱现象，缓解循环过程中的析锂或析钠问题；在电池单体100循环后期，缓冲件200可以被较大压缩，减少缓冲件200对外壳110内空间的占用，一定程度上保证电极组件120的可膨胀空间，降低电池单体100的膨胀力，提高电池单体100的使用寿命。
如图14所示，在一些实施例中，外壳110和电极组件120之间设有缓冲件200。
通过在外壳110和电极组件120设置缓冲件200，可以对电极组件120起到有效的支撑，可以满足真空烘焙中对抗变形性能要求，同时可减少极片变形；此外在电池单体100充放电时，随着电极组件120膨胀，缓冲件200发生压缩变形，增大了电池单体100内部容纳电极组件120的空间，进而可以减少电极组件120膨胀受到的应力，同时可以减少有效减低外壳110发生变形的概率，由此缓解电池单体100循环后期膨胀力大的问题，延长电池单体100的使用寿命。
在上述技术方案中，将缓冲件200设置在外壳110和电极组件120之间，安装方便，且可以减少电极组件120膨胀时外壳110受到的应力，有效降低外壳110变形的概率。
如图15-图16所示，在一些实施例中，电池单体100包括多个电极组件120，缓冲件200设于相邻两个电极组件120之间。
如图15和图16所示，相邻的电极组件120之间设有缓冲件200，例如可以在任意相邻的两个电极组件120之间设置缓冲件200，也可以是在部分相邻的两个电极组件120之间设置缓冲件200，从而缓冲件200的数量可以为一个，也可以为多个。
在上述技术方案中，通过在电极组件120之间设置缓冲件200，缓冲件200可以有效吸收电极组件120的膨胀量，减少电极组件120膨胀时外壳110受到的应力。
如图16所示，电池单体100内设有多个缓冲件200，至少一个缓冲件200设置在外壳110和电极组件120之间，至少一个缓冲件200设置在相邻两个电极组件120之间，由此通过设置多个不同位置的缓冲件200，可以有效吸收电极组件120的膨胀量，减少电极组件120膨胀时外壳110受到的应力。
在一些实施例中，电池单体100的群裕度范围为96％-105％。
外壳110具有两个相对布置的内壁面，两个内壁面位于缓冲件200和电极组件120排布方向上的两侧，如图14所示前后方向上的内壁面，电池单体100的群裕度为电极组件120的厚度与缓冲件200自由总厚度之和与外壳110的相对两个内壁面之间的距离的比值，这里电极组件120的厚度为满充状态下的厚度，通过采用上述缓冲件200，使电池单体100的群裕度在96％-105％之间，即在电池单体100的厚度方向上，缓冲件200和电极组件120可以大致填满整个外壳110的内腔，进而一定程度上保证缓冲件200可以对电极组件120起到有效的支撑，降低缓冲件200对电极组件120支撑失效导致的极片打皱等界面异常的问题。
优选地，电池单体100的群裕度范围为98％-103％，由此可以进一步提高缓冲件200可以对电极组件120的支撑，尤其是降低在满放状态下缓冲件200对电极组件120支撑失效导致的极片打皱等界面异常的问题。
在一些实施例中，缓冲件200的厚度与电极组件120的厚度比范围为2％-15％。
这里缓冲件200的厚度为缓冲件200在自由状态下的厚度，电极组件120的厚度为电极组件120在满充状态下的厚度，其中，若缓冲件200占用的厚度过多，容易影响电池单体100的能量密度，若缓冲件200占用的厚度过少，难以起到有效的缓冲作用，进而会导致外壳110受到的膨胀力过大，尤其是在电池单体100循环后期，缓冲件200压缩有限而导致膨胀力过大的问题，为此将缓冲件200的厚度与电极组件120的厚度比限定在2％-15％之间，缓冲件200的厚度与电极组件120的厚度比可以为2％、3％、4％、5％、6％、7％、8％、9％、10％、11％、12％、13％、14％、15％，由此既可以提高电池单体100的能量密度，又可以使缓冲件200起到有效的缓冲作用，减少电极组件120膨胀时外壳110受到的膨胀力，有效降低外壳110变形的概率。
优选地，缓冲件200的厚度与电极组件120的厚度比为5％-10％，即缓冲件200的厚度与电极组件120的厚度比可以为5％、5.5％、6.5％、7.5％、8.5％、9.1％、9.5％、10％等，由此可以进一步提高电池单体100的能量密度，又可以使缓冲件200起到有效的缓冲作用，减少电极组件120膨胀 时外壳110受到的膨胀力，有效降低外壳110变形的概率。
在本申请的实施例中，缓冲件200相对于电极组件120的设置位置，可以根据电极组件120的结构灵活设置。
如图3、图14-图16所示，在一些实施例中，电极组件120包括卷绕布置的多个极片，电极组件120的外周面包括平直部121和与平直部121的端部连接的拐弯部122，平直部121和拐弯部122中的至少一个与缓冲件相对设置。
卷绕布置的多个极片，即正极极片1201和负极极片1202层叠布置后绕设定轴线卷绕，形成电极组件120，平直部121是指极片在卷绕时沿平面延伸的部分；拐弯部122是指极片在卷绕时沿弧面延伸的部分，例如图3所示，电极组件120的前侧表面和后侧表面形成为平直部121，前侧表面和后侧表面的左右两端部为拐弯部122，或者左侧表面和右侧表面也可以整体形成为拐弯部122。
平直部121与缓冲件200相对设置，使缓冲件200能够对平直部121对应的电极组件120的区域起到缓冲作用；拐弯部122与缓冲件200相对设置，使缓冲件200朝向拐弯部122的区域大体形成为弧形，以使缓冲件200能够缓冲拐弯部122的膨胀力，降低电极组件120的断桥和析锂风险。
图14-图17所示，在一些实施例中，电极组件120包括沿第一方向叠片布置的多个正极极片1201和多个负极极片1202，缓冲件200与电极组件120沿第一方向至少一侧的表面相对设置。
这里的第一方向为图17所示的前后方向，电极组件120的全部正极极片1201和全部负极极片1201层叠，正极极片1201和负极极片1202均沿垂直于第一方向的平面延伸，上述结构的电极组件120使用过程中会在第一方向发生膨胀，因此，缓冲件200与电极组件20沿第一方向至少一侧的表面相对设置，使缓冲件200能够更充分地向极片提供缓冲和支撑，减少极片打皱等，使得缓冲件200起到有效缓冲和支撑作用，且缓冲件200所需面积较小，成本较低。
在一些实施例中，避空槽202的槽口形成于承压面201，电极组件120与承压面201相对的区域的极片层叠方向与承压面201垂直。
这里，电极组件120与承压面201相对的区域，例如在卷绕式电极组件120中平直部121对应的区域，正极极片1201和负极极片1202的层叠方向垂直于承压面201；再例如在叠片式电极组件20中，多个正极极片1201和多个负极极片1202沿第一方向(如他17所示的前后方向)层叠，且承压面201垂直于第一方向。
在使用过程中，极片沿层叠方向更易发生膨胀，通过与承压面201相对的区域的极片层叠方向与承压面201垂直，使承压面201能够更充分地向极片提供缓冲和支撑，以提高减少极片打皱的效果。
如图3、图14-图16所示，在一些实施例中，缓冲件200至少与电极组件120面积最大的表面相对应。
如图3、图14-图16所示，一些电极组件120具有两个端面和四个侧表面，其中两个相对布置的侧表面的面积相对较大，即为电极组件120的大面，另外两个相对布置的侧表面的面积相对较小，即为电极组件120的小面，缓冲件200与大面对应，或者大面和小面均具有对应的缓冲件200，或者一个端面和大面均具有对应的缓冲件200，或者两个端面和大面均具有对应的缓冲件200，缓冲件200与大面对应，从而可以对电极组件120起到有效的支撑，减少极片打皱现象，同时在电极组件120膨胀时，大面的膨胀量会相对较多，因而通过将缓冲件200与电极组件120的大面相对，从而可以尽可能吸收大面的膨胀，减少电极组件120膨胀受到的应力。
此外，缓冲件200可连续地设置，通过折叠或者卷绕方式设置在任意相邻的电极组件120之间。
根据本申请第三方面实施例的电池1000，包括根据本申请上述第二方面实施例的电池单体100。
根据本申请第四方面实施例的用电装置2000，包括根据本申请上述第三方面实施例的电池1000，电池1000用于为用电装置2000提供电能。由此，通过采用上述的电池1000，有利于提升用电装置2000的使用安全性和可靠性。
可选地，如图1所示，当电池1000用于车辆时，电池1000可以设置在车辆的底部、或头部、或尾部。电池1000可以用于车辆的供电，例如，电池1000可以作为车辆的操作电源。车辆还可以包括控制器和马达，控制器用来控制电池1000为马达供电，例如，用于车辆的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
下面结合附图描述根据本申请一个具体实施例的电池1000和具有其的车辆。
如图1所示，电池1000设于车辆的底部，并且如图4、图5和图14所示，电池1000包括多个电池单体100，每个电池单体100包括外壳110、电极组件120和缓冲件200，外壳110包括壳体111和端盖112，电极组件120和缓冲件200设置在外壳110内。
缓冲件200包括支撑板10和多个缓冲块20，多个缓冲块20粘接在支撑板10的一侧表面上，且多个缓冲块20等间隔布置，其中，相邻两个缓冲块20之间的空间形成避空槽202，缓冲件200安装在外壳110和电极组件120之间，缓冲块20可以与电极组件120抵接，避空槽202的设置使得支撑板10与电极组件120间隔布置，支撑板10的另一侧与外壳110抵接。
通过避空槽202的设置，使缓冲件200的部分与外壳110或电极组件120间隔开，从而降低缓冲件200的有效面积，在保证缓冲件200具备一定的抗变形能力的基础上，提高缓冲件200的可压缩率，进而在电池单体100循环充放电过程中，缓冲件200既可以通过压缩变形，缓解电极组件120膨胀作用至外壳110的膨胀力，同时在循环后期，缓冲件200可以具有较大的压缩量，减少缓冲件200自身占用的空间，一定程度上保证电极组件120的可膨胀空间，进而降低电池单体100的膨胀力。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种缓冲件，用于电池单体内部，所述电池单体包括电极组件，其中，所述缓冲件具有面向或背向所述电极组件的承压面，所述承压面设有避空槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲件包括支撑板和多个缓冲块，所述缓冲块设在所述支撑板上，多个所述缓冲块间隔布置且相邻两个所述缓冲块之间的空隙形成为所述避空槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲块与所述支撑板固定连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的缓冲件，其中，所述支撑板的一侧的多个所述缓冲块沿所述支撑板的长度方向和/或宽度方向间隔布置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的缓冲件，其中，相邻两个所述缓冲块之间的距离L1，其中，L1不大于20mm。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的缓冲件，其中，所述支撑板的厚度范围为30um-200um。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的缓冲件，其中，所述支撑板在1MPa下的压缩率不大于5％。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的缓冲件，其中，所述支撑板的材质包括高密度聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚四氟乙烯中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲件为缓冲块，所述缓冲块外表面一部分向内凹陷形成凹槽，所述凹槽形成为所述避空槽。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的缓冲件，其中，所述凹槽包括多个，多个所述凹槽沿所述缓冲件的长度方向和/或所述缓冲件的宽度方向间隔布置。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的缓冲件，其中，每个所述凹槽在所述缓冲件的长度方向上的尺寸为L2，每个所述凹槽在所述缓冲件的宽度方向上的尺寸为L3，其中，L2不大于20mm，L3不大于20mm。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的缓冲件，其中，所述凹槽形成沿所述缓冲件的长度方向或所述缓冲件的宽度方向延伸形成条形凹槽。
  13. 根据权利要求2-12中任一项所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲块的材质包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氨酯、硅橡胶中的至少一种。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲件的厚度方向上的相对两侧分别设有所述避空槽，且所述避空槽在所述缓冲件的厚度方向上相对布置。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲件的承压面的面积为S1，所述避空槽的面积为S2，其中，S2/S1的范围为0-70％。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的缓冲件，其中，S2/S1的范围为20％-50％。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲件的厚度为H1，所述避空槽在所述缓冲件的厚度方向上的尺寸为H2，H2/H1的范围为0-90％。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的缓冲件，其中，H2/H1的范围为30-85％。
  19. 根据权利要求1-18中任一项所述的缓冲件，其中，所述缓冲件在1MPa下的压缩率大于60％。
  20. 一种电池单体，其中，包括外壳、电极组件和根据权利要求1-19中任一项的所述缓冲件，所述缓冲件和所述电极组件均设于所述外壳内。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电池单体，其中，所述外壳和所述电极组件之间设有所述缓冲件。
  22. 根据权利要求20-21中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体包括多个电极组件，所述缓冲件设于相邻两个所述电极组件之间。
  23. 根据权利要求20-22中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电池单体的群裕度范围为96％-105％。
  24. 根据权利要求20-23中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述缓冲件的厚度与所述电极组件的厚度比范围为2％-15％。
  25. 根据权利要求20-24中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述电极组件包括卷绕布置的多个极片且所述电极组件的外周面包括平直部和与所述平直部的端部连接的拐弯部，所述平直部和所述拐弯部中的至少一个与所述缓冲件相对设置；或者，
    所述电极组件包括沿第一方向叠片布置的多个正极极片和多个负极极片，所述缓冲件与所述电极组件沿所述第一方向至少一侧的表面相对设置。
  26. 如权利要求20-25中任一项所述的电池单体，其中，所述避空槽的槽口形成于所述承压面，所述电极组件与所述承压面相对区域的极片层叠方向与所述承压面垂直。
  27. 一种电池，其中，包括根据权利要求20-26中任一项所述的电池单体。
  28. 一种用电装置，其中，包括根据权利要求27所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/120504 2023-09-21 2023-09-21 缓冲件、电池单体、电池及用电装置 Ceased WO2025060005A1 (zh)

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