WO2025040120A1 - 一种去除可溶杂质的方法及其装置 - Google Patents

一种去除可溶杂质的方法及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025040120A1
WO2025040120A1 PCT/CN2024/113666 CN2024113666W WO2025040120A1 WO 2025040120 A1 WO2025040120 A1 WO 2025040120A1 CN 2024113666 W CN2024113666 W CN 2024113666W WO 2025040120 A1 WO2025040120 A1 WO 2025040120A1
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Prior art keywords
filter bag
liquid
electrolytic
electrolytic cell
washing liquid
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PCT/CN2024/113666
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶涛
叶旖婷
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN202480053090.2A priority Critical patent/CN121816221A/zh
Publication of WO2025040120A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025040120A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
    • B01D29/15—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration
    • B01D29/19—Supported filter elements arranged for inward flow filtration on solid frames with surface grooves or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/63—Holders for electrodes; Positioning of the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of chemical purification, and in particular relates to a method and a device for removing soluble impurities.
  • washing methods so that chemical products meet market requirements; for example, sodium sulfate impurities are removed from ferrous hydroxide products, sodium chloride impurities are removed from basic copper carbonate products, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, and ammonium chloride impurities are removed from copper oxalate products, and sodium chloride impurities are removed from copper oxide products.
  • Washing methods can be used to purify products.
  • the chemical product washing method of the prior art is ordinary water washing, that is, directly using water to wash the chemical product multiple times until it meets the requirements.
  • the process flow and required equipment are simple, so it is widely used.
  • the ordinary water washing method of the prior art requires a large amount of fresh water for multiple washings, and the total water consumption is often dozens or hundreds of times the weight of the object to be washed.
  • the impurity concentration in most cleaning wastewater is low and allows direct discharge, the earth's freshwater resources are limited, and global industrialization also brings a large amount of ordinary water washing wastewater. These large amounts of ordinary water washing process wastewater discharges will still cause environmental pollution.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing soluble impurities, which improves the washing and purification process of solid chemicals, thereby improving the purification efficiency and saving water.
  • the invention relates to a device for removing soluble impurities by implementing the method.
  • a method for removing soluble impurities comprises the following steps:
  • a vibrator capable of vibrating the filter bag and a liquid suction pipe connected to the outside of the electrolytic cell are provided, wherein the liquid suction port of the liquid suction pipe is provided in the filter bag and each filter bag has at least one liquid suction port;
  • a single filter bag wraps one electrolytic anode or electrolytic cathode, or wraps more than one electrolytic anode or electrolytic cathode at the same time, or wraps at least one electrolytic anode and at least one electrolytic cathode at the same time.
  • the function of the electrode is to enrich the impurity ions by electric field force.
  • an electric field is established between the electrolytic anode and the electrolytic cathode in the electrolyte, so that the impurity anions with negative charge in the washing liquid are electrically attracted by the electrolytic anode and enriched around the electrolytic anode or introduced into the filter bag wrapped around the electrolytic anode, and at the same time, the impurity cations with positive charge in the washing liquid are attracted by the electrolytic cathode and enriched around the electrolytic cathode or introduced into the filter bag wrapped around the electrolytic cathode, and the solution containing the impurity ions is discharged out of the electrolytic cell through the pipette.
  • the liquid level in the filter bag is made higher than the liquid level outside the filter bag, or the water pressure in the filter bag is increased by using a faster liquid inlet flow rate in the filter bag, so that the liquid in the filter bag seeps out from the inside to the outside, and the solids adhered to the filter bag are squeezed out of the bag by the vibration of the vibrator, so as to accelerate the recovery of the filtering function of the filtering holes of the filter bag.
  • the present invention may be improved as follows: the vibrator is activated according to time control.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: when the method of the present invention is used to remove chloride ion impurities in the washed material, the electrolysis current of the electrolysis power supply is increased during the ionization and impurity removal operation, so that the chloride ion impurities enriched near the electrolysis anode are oxidized by the electrolysis anode to become chlorine gas and precipitate and are removed.
  • the electrode and the filter bag are partially or completely lifted away from the liquid surface during stirring, so as to provide a larger stirring space for the solid-liquid mixture formed by the washed substance and the washing liquid, and further promote the dissolution of soluble impurities into the washing liquid.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a hot-cold temperature exchanger is used to heat the washing liquid in the electrolytic cell to accelerate the desorption of impurity ions on the surface of the washed material, so that the impurity ions are more easily enriched around the corresponding electrodes, thereby improving the washing efficiency.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: the ionization impurity removal operation of the present invention is carried out using an electrolysis voltage above the electrolyte decomposition voltage value to speed up the operation.
  • the electrolyte decomposition voltage value is the critical point value at which the voltage applied between the electrolysis anode and the electrolysis cathode by the electrolysis power supply in the electrolytic cell under static conditions just causes the washing liquid to electrolyze a very small amount of oxidizing gas or a very small amount of reducing gas.
  • the electrolyte decomposition voltage value is related to multiple factors such as the electrolyte concentration, viscosity, temperature, distance between the positive and negative electrodes, and the materials selected for the positive and negative electrodes of the washing liquid.
  • a device for removing soluble impurities characterized in that it comprises: an electrolytic cell, an electrolytic anode, an electrolytic cathode and an electrolytic power supply, wherein:
  • An electrolytic anode and an electrolytic cathode are arranged in the electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic anode and the electrolytic cathode are respectively connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrolytic power supply; at least one electrolytic anode and/or electrolytic cathode is wrapped by the filter bag;
  • a vibrator is provided to vibrate the filter bag, and a liquid suction pipe is connected to the outside of the electrolytic cell; the liquid suction port of the liquid suction pipe is provided in the filter bag, and each filter bag has at least one liquid suction port.
  • the electrolytic cell is made of polymer resin material and/or metal coated or wrapped with anti-corrosion insulating material.
  • the electrolytic anode is an insoluble anode, and its surface material in contact with the washing liquid is one or more selected from gold, platinum, titanium-based coating, conductive graphite, titanium, and nickel;
  • the electrolytic cathode is an insoluble cathode, and its surface material in contact with the washing liquid is one or more selected from gold, platinum, titanium, nickel, silver, copper, an alloy containing at least one of the above metals, stainless steel, and conductive graphite.
  • the pipette is integrated with the electrode as shown in FIG1 ; or the electrode and the pipette are placed in a filter bag in an independent structure.
  • the vibrator is an electric vibrator and/or a pneumatic electric vibrator.
  • the vibrator is attached to the filter bag or fixed to a fixed component in contact with the filter bag by a fastening method.
  • the fastening method may be binding, sewing, welding, placing in a fixed pocket, etc., as long as the vibration of the vibrator can be transmitted to the filter bag.
  • the present invention can be improved as follows: a solid-liquid separator is added, and the electrolytic cell is connected to the solid-liquid separator through a pipeline and a pump.
  • the solid-liquid separator is selected from a filter press, a filter, and a centrifuge.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a temporary storage tank is added to temporarily store materials and clean water, or to wash and soak substances; the temporary storage tank is connected to at least one container or device in the device of the present invention, such as an electrolytic cell, a solid-liquid separator, or other temporary storage tanks, through a pipeline.
  • a temporary storage tank is added to temporarily store materials and clean water, or to wash and soak substances; the temporary storage tank is connected to at least one container or device in the device of the present invention, such as an electrolytic cell, a solid-liquid separator, or other temporary storage tanks, through a pipeline.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: an ion exchange resin pure water device is added, and the ion exchange resin pure water device is connected to at least one container or device in the device of the present invention, such as a solid-liquid separator, an electrolytic cell, a temporary storage tank, etc., by a pipeline.
  • a container or device in the device of the present invention such as a solid-liquid separator, an electrolytic cell, a temporary storage tank, etc.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a mechanical grinding mill and/or an ultrasonic generator is added to break the solid state of the washed material and accelerate the dissolution of soluble impurities for ionization collection and removal.
  • the ultrasonic generator is installed in the electrolytic cell or the temporary storage tank for breaking the washed material.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a filter bag shaping frame is added to the filter bag to fix the filter bag and maintain the inner cavity space of the filter bag, which is more conducive to enriching impurity ions and absorbing and discharging waste liquid.
  • the filter bag shaping frame is a frame or box frame made of a hard material that is insoluble in the washing liquid.
  • the filter bag shaping frame adopts a box frame structure, at least one side thereof is provided with through holes and/or electric field line through holes, and the electric field line through holes are arranged on the path through which the electric field lines between the electrolytic anode and the electrolytic cathode immersed in the electrolyte pass during the electrolytic operation.
  • the filter bag shaping frame adopts a through-hole resin material box frame as shown in Figure 2, and the filter bag is inserted inside or outside it.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: an additional water injection pipe is provided to inject water into the filter bag and/or the electrolytic The space outside the filter bag in the tank is supplemented with a washing liquid containing less or no above-mentioned impurity ions.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: an exhaust pipe is added to the filter bag shaping frame to collect and process the waste gas escaping from the filter bag.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: an additional waste gas treatment tank is provided for collecting and treating the chlorine gas produced by anode electrolysis.
  • the waste gas treatment tank is selected from a vacuum jet waste gas treatment tank and/or a spray tower waste gas treatment tank, which is connected to the electrolytic cell through a gas pipeline.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: adding sensors and logic program controllers to monitor the operation process, so that the device can be automatically controlled and operated according to the pre-programmed program, and the sensors are selected from one or more of thermometers, liquid level meters, conductivity meters, colorimeters, hydrogen concentration detectors, chlorine concentration detectors, redox potentiometers, and pH meters.
  • the logic program controller is electrically connected to the signal output end of the sensor, and is also electrically connected to at least one of the electrolytic power supply, valve, pump, vibrator, hot and cold temperature exchanger, ultrasonic generator, grinding mill, and stirrer in the device of the present invention, and is controlled according to the values measured by the sensor and/or the set time.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a hydrogen high altitude discharge pipeline is added to discharge a small amount of hydrogen produced in the ionization and impurity removal operation safely at high altitude.
  • the hydrogen high altitude discharge pipeline is connected to the electrolyzer by a pipeline.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a hot and cold temperature exchanger is added to the electrolytic cell and/or temporary storage tank so that the temperature of the washing liquid therein conforms to the production set temperature range.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a stirring device is added to the space outside the filter bag in the electrolytic cell to stir the solid-liquid mixture of the washed substance and the washing liquid, accelerating the enrichment of impurity ions in the washing liquid to the vicinity of the electrodes that are electrically attracted to each other, thereby improving the purification efficiency.
  • the stirring device is a liquid flow stirrer and/or an impeller stirrer.
  • the bottom of the electrolytic cell adopts a funnel-shaped structure to increase the bottom solution space outside the filter bag in the electrolytic cell, so as to facilitate the upward backwashing, washing and stirring of the washed material that settles downward under the action of gravity to help impurity ions separate from the washed material, and to facilitate the sedimentation and collection of the washed material after washing.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows: a flow regulating valve is provided on the liquid suction pipe so as to control the discharge flow of the washing liquid enriched with impurity ions according to the process conditions.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method of the present invention utilizes the large space outside the filter bag inside the electrolytic cell to clean the washed material, so that the soluble impurities can be fully dissolved in the washing liquid and can be more easily enriched, absorbed and discharged. Therefore, the washing time and/or number of times can be reduced, and the total amount of washing water will not increase or even be reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of saving water.
  • the method of the present invention can realize recycling and reuse of the produced washing wastewater by adopting ion resin pure water equipment to reduce environmental pollution.
  • the efficiency of ionizing impurities can be further improved.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pipette and the electrode installed as one body according to the present invention, wherein B is a right side view of A;
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a box frame structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a device for removing soluble impurities according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6-1 is a partial enlarged view 1 of Fig. 6
  • Fig. 6-2 is a partial enlarged view 2 of Fig. 6, and Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2 together constitute Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the device of Comparative Example 2.
  • 1-electrolytic cell 2-electrolytic anode, 3-electrolytic cathode, 4-filter bag, 5-pipette, 6-vibrator, 7-solid-liquid separator, 8-filter bag shaping frame, 9-water adding pipe, 10-electrolytic power supply, 11-ion resin pure water equipment, 12-grinding mill, 13-ultrasonic generator, 14-exhaust pipe, 15-cold and hot temperature exchanger, 16-impeller agitator, 17-liquid flow agitator, 18-temporary storage tank, 19-sensor, 20-logic program controller, 21-flow control valve, 22-valve, 23-pump, 24-substance to be washed, 25-soluble impurities, 26-washing liquid with little or no impurity ions, 27-substance to be washed after washing and purification, 28-washing liquid, 29-electrolytic cell cover, 30-electrode mounting hole, 31-through hole, 32-electric field line through hole, 33-waste gas treatment
  • reference numeral-number is used to indicate one of multiple components of the same type in the device; for example, electrolytic cell 1-1 means one of the electrolytic cells, electrolytic cell 2-2 means the second electrolytic cell, and vibrators 6-1 to 6-4 mean four vibrators 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 and 6-4.
  • Reference numeral/reference numeral indicates that a component may be one of different types of components; for example, "2/3" in the drawings means that the component may be the electrolytic anode 2 or the electrolytic cathode 3.
  • the volume of the electrolytic cell is 350L.
  • the electrolytic cell, electrode, temporary storage tank, agitator, pipette, filter bag, and waste gas treatment tank used are all products of Guangdong Foshan Yegao Environmental Protection Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • the logic program controller, sensor, solid-liquid separator, and chemical raw materials are all commercially available products.
  • those skilled in the art can also select other products with similar performance to the above-mentioned products listed in the present invention according to conventional selection, and all of them can achieve the purpose of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the pipette and the electrode are installed as one. At least one pipette 5 is fixedly installed on the surface of the electrolytic anode 2 or the electrolytic cathode 3, and a flow control valve 21 is provided at the upper end of the pipette 5.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic diagram of a box frame structure specifically used as a filter bag shaping frame.
  • the filter bag shaping frame 8 adopts a box frame structure, and its material is a polymer material.
  • the top side of the box frame of the filter bag shaping frame 8 is provided with a liquid suction pipe 5, a water supply pipe 9, an exhaust pipe 14 and an electrode installation hole 30, the bottom side of the box frame is provided with a through hole 31, and at least one side of the box frame is provided with an electric field line through hole 32.
  • the device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 1 of the present invention includes an electrolytic cell 1, an electrolytic anode 2, an electrolytic cathode 3, a filter bag 4, a liquid pipette 5, a vibrator 6, an electrolytic power supply 10, an impeller stirrer 16, and a pump.
  • the electrolytic cell 1 is provided with an electrolytic anode 2 and an electrolytic cathode 3.
  • the electrolytic anode 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic power source 10, and the electrolytic cathode 3 is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic power source 10.
  • a liquid pipette 5-1 is arranged next to the electrolytic anode 2.
  • the electrolytic cathode 3 is wrapped by a filter bag 4, and the bottom of the filter bag 4 is partially or completely away from the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 1.
  • a liquid pipette 5-2 is arranged next to the electrolytic cathode 3.
  • the liquid suction port is in the filter bag 4.
  • the vibrator 6-1 and the vibrator 6-2 are respectively fixedly mounted on the filter bag 4 to vibrate the filter bag 4; the impeller agitator 16 is installed in the electrolytic cell 1.
  • the material of the electrolytic anode 2 is gold, and the material of the electrolytic cathode 3 is conductive graphite.
  • the vibrator 6 - 1 and the vibrator 6 - 2 are both electric vibrators.
  • the liquid pipette 5-1 and the liquid pipette 5-2 are provided with a metering pump 23-1 and a metering pump 23-2 respectively.
  • the washed substance 24 in this embodiment is basic copper carbonate, and the soluble impurities contained therein are sodium chloride impurities 25, and the impurity concentration is 0.7%; the initially added washing liquid 26 is pure water.
  • a washing liquid 26 and a substance to be washed 24 are quantitatively added to the electrolytic cell 1 to form a solid-liquid mixture; the impeller agitator 16 is started, and during the adding process, the substance to be washed is dispersed and mixed in the washing liquid for 5 minutes, so that the soluble impurities are dissolved in the washing liquid to form impurity ions; then the impeller agitator 16 is turned off and the solid-liquid mixture in the electrolytic cell 1 is allowed to stand for 10 minutes, so that the substance to be washed is precipitated at the bottom of the cell;
  • the washing liquid 26 containing little or no impurity ions is added to the electrolytic cell 1 according to the liquid level; the washing liquid 28 in the electrolytic cell 1 is sampled for inspection.
  • the impurity ion concentration is reduced to below the process standard value of solution conductivity ⁇ 1000 ⁇ s/cm, the ionization and impurity removal process is completed, and the electrolytic power supply, vibrator and metering pump on the pipette are turned off.
  • the solid-liquid mixture in the electrolytic cell 1 is extracted and separated into solid and liquid using a solid-liquid separator, and the filter residue obtained is the washed material 27 after washing and purification, and the filtrate is the washing waste liquid 39.
  • the process data before and after the above ionization impurity removal operation are listed in Table 1. Among them, the washing liquid used in the whole operation process is 7.5 times the weight of the washed material, and the whole process takes 7 hours.
  • the device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 2 of the present invention comprises an electrolytic cell 1, an electrolytic anode 2, an electrolytic cathode 3, two filter bags 4-1 and 4-2, two liquid suction pipes 5-1 and 5-2, four vibrators 6-1 to 6-4, a solid-liquid separator 7, two filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8-2, two exhaust pipes 14, a hot and cold temperature exchanger 15, a liquid flow agitator 17, a temporary storage tank 18, a sensor 19, two flow control valves 21-1 and 21-2, an electrolytic cell cover 29, a hydrogen high-altitude safety discharge pipe 38, valves and a pump.
  • the electrolytic cell 1 is provided with an electrolytic anode 2 and an electrolytic cathode 3.
  • the electrolytic anode 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic power source 10, and the electrolytic cathode 3 is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic power source 10.
  • the electrolytic cell cover 29 is provided on the top of the electrolytic cell 1; the bottom of the electrolytic cell 1 adopts a funnel-shaped structure, and a three-way pipeline is provided at the bottom of the funnel, one of which is a liquid flow agitator 17, and the other is connected to the solid-liquid separator 7 through a pipeline provided with a valve 22-2 and a pump 23-1; the liquid flow agitator 17 is a liquid outlet provided above the bottom of the electrolytic cell 1, and is connected to the three-way at the bottom of the funnel of the electrolytic cell 1 through a pipeline provided with a pump 23-4 and a valve 22-1, so as to facilitate backwashing and mixing washing of the washed material 24 to improve the washing efficiency.
  • the filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8-2 are frame structures, and the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 are fixed on the outside thereof respectively, and the bottoms of the two filter bags are completely away from the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 1; the filter bag 4-1 is wrapped with a liquid suction pipe 5-1 and an electrolytic anode 2, and the filter bag 4-2 is wrapped with a liquid suction pipe 5-2 and an electrolytic cathode 3.
  • the above-mentioned liquid suction pipe and electrode adopt an integrated structure as shown in Figure 1, and the liquid suction port of the liquid suction pipe is in the corresponding filter bag and next to the corresponding electrolytic electrode; the liquid suction pipe 5-1 is connected to the temporary storage tank 18 through a pipeline provided with a valve 21-1 and a pump 23-2, and the liquid suction pipe 5-2 is connected to the temporary storage tank 18 through a pipeline provided with a valve 21-2 and a pump 23-3.
  • the material of the electrolytic anode 2 is nickel, and the material of the electrolytic cathode is stainless steel.
  • the four vibrators 6-1 to 6-4 are pneumatic vibrators.
  • the vibrators 6-1 and 6-2 are fixed on the filter bag 4-1, and the vibrators 6-3 and 6-4 are fixed on the filter bag 4-2.
  • the solid-liquid separator 7 is a common filter, which is also connected to the temporary storage tank 18 through a pipeline.
  • the hot and cold temperature exchanger 15 is installed on the electrolytic cell 1 and is used to control the temperature of the washing liquid 28 according to the set value of the sensor 19; the sensor 19 is a thermometer, and its probe is immersed in the washing liquid of the electrolytic cell 1 during operation.
  • the filter bag shaping frames 8 - 1 and 8 - 2 are provided with exhaust pipes 14 - 1 and 14 - 2 respectively, and the exhaust pipe 14 - 2 is connected to a hydrogen high-altitude safety discharge pipe 38 .
  • the washed substance 24 in this embodiment is ferrous hydroxide, and the soluble impurities contained therein are sodium sulfate;
  • the washing liquid 26 initially added is tap water.
  • the electrolytic cell cover 29 is used to prevent external air from oxidizing the ferrous hydroxide in the electrolytic cell.
  • a washing liquid 26 and a substance to be washed 24 are added to the electrolytic cell 1 to form a solid-liquid mixture, and soluble impurities are dissolved in the washing liquid to form impurity ions;
  • the process data before and after the above ionization impurity removal operation are listed in Table 1. Among them, the washing liquid used in the whole operation process is 7 times the weight of the washed material, and the whole process takes 6.5 hours.
  • the temperature of the washing liquid in the electrolytic cell When the temperature of the washing liquid in the electrolytic cell is higher, the desorption of impurity ions on the surface of the washed material can be further accelerated, making it easier for the impurity ions to be enriched around the corresponding electrodes, thereby improving the washing efficiency.
  • the temperature of the washing liquid 28 is controlled by the sensor 19, i.e., the thermometer, to be 70° C., the whole process takes 6 hours.
  • the device for removing soluble impurities according to Example 3 of the present invention comprises an electrolytic cell 1, an electrolytic anode 2, an electrolytic cathode 3, two filter bags 4-1 and 4-2, two liquid pipettes 5-1 and 5-2, and four vibrating 6-1 ⁇ 6-4, solid-liquid separator 7, two filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8-2, two water supply pipes 9-1 and 9-2, ion resin pure water equipment 11, grinding mill 12, liquid flow agitator 17, three temporary storage tanks 18-1 ⁇ 18-3, valves and pumps.
  • the electrolytic cell 1 is provided with an electrolytic anode 2 and an electrolytic cathode 3, wherein the electrolytic anode 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic power source 10, and the electrolytic cathode 3 is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic power source 10;
  • the discharge port of the electrolytic cell 1 is provided with a liquid flow agitator 17, specifically, a liquid flow circulation pipeline provided with a valve and a pump connected to the feed port of the electrolytic cell 1;
  • the discharge port of the electrolytic cell 1 is also connected to the solid-liquid separator 7 through a pipeline provided with a valve 22-4 and a pump 23-1;
  • the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 are respectively embedded outside the filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8-2, and the filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8- 2 adopts the box frame structure shown in FIG2, and the bottoms of the two filter bags are completely away from the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 1;
  • the filter bag 4-1 is wrapped with a water supply pipe 9-1, a liquid suction pipe
  • the above-mentioned liquid suction pipes and electrodes adopt the integrated structure shown in FIG1, and the liquid suction ports of the liquid suction pipes are in the corresponding filter bags and next to the corresponding electrolytic electrodes; the liquid suction pipes 5-1 and 5-2 are respectively connected to the temporary storage tank 18-2 through the valves 21-1 and 21-2, and are connected to the temporary storage tank 18-2 through the pump 23-2.
  • the liquid outlet of the temporary storage tank 18-3 is connected to the water supply pipe 9-1 and the water supply pipe 9-2 through the pipelines provided with the valve 22-5 and the pump 23-5, and is also connected to the area outside the filter bag in the electrolytic cell 1 through the pipeline provided with the valve 22-3.
  • the four vibrators 6-1 to 6-4 are pneumatic vibrators.
  • the vibrators 6-1 and 6-2 are fixedly mounted on the filter bag 4-1, and the vibrators 6-3 and 6-4 are fixedly mounted on the filter bag 4-2.
  • the solid-liquid separator 7 is a filter press, which is also connected to the temporary storage tank 18-2 through a pipeline.
  • the grinding mill 12 is connected to the electrolytic cell 1 through a solid powder conveying pipe 40 .
  • the sensor 19 is a conductivity meter, which is arranged in the electrolytic cell 1 and is used to measure the conductivity value in the washing liquid 28 to determine the concentration of soluble impurities in the washing liquid.
  • the ion resin pure water equipment is used to treat the washing waste liquid 39, and produce the washing liquid 26 with less or no impurity ions to be fed back to the electrolytic cell for use.
  • the ion resin pure water equipment 11 is connected to the temporary storage tank 18-2 and the temporary storage tank 18-3 respectively through pipelines equipped with pumps.
  • the temporary storage tank 18-1 is used to load the washed material 27 obtained by solid-liquid separation after washing and purification.
  • the temporary storage tank 18-2 is used to temporarily store the washing waste liquid 39.
  • the temporary storage tank 18-3 is used to temporarily store the washing liquid 26 containing little or no impurity ions obtained by the washing waste liquid 39 being treated as pure water by the ion resin pure water equipment 11.
  • the washed substance 24 in this embodiment is copper oxalate, and the soluble impurities contained in it are ammonium oxalate and sodium chloride.
  • the initially added washing liquid 26 is industrial pure water.
  • the liquid pipette is repeatedly used to extract the washing liquid enriched with impurity ions and the water pipe is used to add the washing liquid containing less or no impurity ions according to the process design interval;
  • the pump 23-2 is started or shut down according to the time setting, so as to intermittently pump out the solution in the two filter bags through the suction pipes 5-1 and 5-2, respectively, and drain the washing waste liquid 39 into the temporary storage tank 18-2, and each vibrator is started intermittently according to the time control;
  • the pump 23-5 is started to add the washing liquid 26 containing less or no impurity ions into the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 through the water pipes 9-1 and 9-2 respectively with a faster liquid inflow flow rate to make the hydraulic pressure inside the bag higher than the hydraulic pressure outside the bag, and at the same time, the vibrator on the filter bag is started to make the solution in the filter bag seep out and squeeze the solid matter adhering to the filter bag out of the filter bag, so as to reduce the blockage of the holes in the filter bag;
  • the washing waste liquid 39 is sent to the ion resin pure water equipment for treatment.
  • the washing liquid with little or no impurity ions obtained after treatment is temporarily stored in the tank 18-3 and returned to the electrolytic tank 1 for use according to the process requirements.
  • the soluble impurity removal device of Example 4 of the present invention includes two electrolytic cells 1-1 and 1-2, two electrolytic anodes 2-1 and 2-2, two electrolytic cathodes 3-1 and 3-2, four filter bags 4-1 to 4-4, four liquid pipettes 5-1 to 5-4, ten vibrators 6-1 to 6-10, three solid-liquid separators 7-1 to 7-3, four filter bag shaping frames 8-1 to 8-4, four water supply pipes 9-1 to 9-4, two electrolytic power supplies 10-1 and 10-2, an ion resin pure water device 11, a grinding mill 12, three ultrasonic generators 13-1 to 13-3, two liquid flow agitators 17-1 and 17-2, five temporary storage tanks 18-1 to 18-5, thirteen sensors 19-1 to 19-13, a logic program controller 20, an exhaust gas treatment tank 33, and a plurality of valves and pumps.
  • the electrolytic cell 1-1 and the electrolytic cell 1-2 are used for two-stage ionization and impurity removal of the washed substances.
  • the electrolytic cell 1-1 is provided with an electrolytic anode 2-1 and an electrolytic cathode 3-1, wherein the electrolytic anode 2-1 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic power source 10-1, and the electrolytic cathode 3-1 is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic power source 10-1;
  • the electrolytic cell 1-1 is provided with a liquid flow agitator 17-1, specifically a liquid flow circulation pipeline provided with valves and pumps;
  • the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 are respectively embedded with filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8-2, so that the bottoms of the two filter bags are completely away from the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 1, and the filter bag shaping frames 8-1 and 8-2 adopt a box frame structure;
  • the filter bag 4-1 is wrapped with a water supply pipe 9-1, a liquid suction pipe 5-1, an electrolytic power supply 10-1, and a liquid circulation pipe 17-1.
  • the electrolysis anode 2-1 is provided with sensors 19-1 and 19-2
  • the filter bag 4-2 is wrapped with a water supply pipe 9-2, a liquid suction pipe 5-2, and an electrolysis cathode 3-1 and provided with sensors 19-4 and 19-5
  • the liquid suction pipe and the electrode adopt the integrated structure shown in FIG1, and the liquid suction port of the liquid suction pipe is in the corresponding filter bag and next to the corresponding electrolysis electrode
  • the filter bag 4-1 is also provided with three vibrators 6-1, 6-2 and 6-9
  • the filter bag 4-2 is also provided with three vibrators 6-3, 6-4 and 6-10
  • the area outside the filter bag in the electrolytic cell 1-1 is provided with sensors 19-3 and 19-6;
  • the electrolytic cell 1-2 is provided with an electrolytic anode 2-2 and an electrolytic cathode 3-2.
  • the electrolytic anode 2-2 is connected to the positive electrode of the electrolytic power supply 10-2, and the electrolytic cathode 3-2 is connected to the negative electrode of the electrolytic power supply 10-2.
  • the electrolytic cell 1-2 is provided with a liquid flow agitator 17-2, which is specifically a liquid flow circulation pipeline provided with valves and pumps.
  • the filter bags 4-3 and 4-4 are respectively embedded with filter bag shaping frames 8-3 and 8-4, so that the bottoms of the two filter bags are completely away from the bottom surface of the electrolytic cell 1.
  • the filter bag shaping frames 8-3 and 8-4 adopt a box frame structure.
  • the filter bag 4-2 is wrapped with a water supply pipe.
  • the discharge port of the electrolytic cell 1-1 is connected to the solid-liquid separator 7-1 through a pipeline provided with a valve 22-1 and a pump 23-1; the discharge port of the electrolytic cell 1-2 is connected to the solid-liquid separator 7-2 through a pipeline provided with a valve 22-4 and a pump 23-3;
  • the liquid pipettes 5-1 to 5-4 are connected to the temporary storage tank 18-4 by pipeline through the pump 23-5 after passing through the flow control valves 21-1, 21-2, 21-3, and 21-4 respectively;
  • the liquid outlet of the temporary storage tank 18-5 is connected to the water supply pipes 9-1 to 9-4 respectively through pipelines provided with valves 22-6 and pumps 23-7, and is also connected to the area outside the filter bag in the electrolytic cell 1-1 through a pipeline provided with valve 22-7, connected to the temporary storage tank 18-2 through a pipeline provided with valve 22-8, and connected to the area outside the filter bag in the electrolytic cell 1-2 through a pipeline.
  • the electrolytic anode 2-1 is a titanium-based coated electrode
  • the electrolytic anode 2-2 is a titanium-based platinum-plated material
  • the electrolytic cathode 3-1 is a copper plate
  • the electrolytic cathode 3-2 is made of nickel.
  • the vibrators 6-1 to 6-10 are all pneumatic vibrators.
  • the solid-liquid separator 7-1 is a filter press
  • the solid-liquid separator 7-2 is a centrifuge
  • the solid-liquid separator 7-3 is a filter.
  • the solid-liquid separator 7-1 and the solid-liquid separator 7-2 are respectively connected to the temporary storage tank 18-4 by pipelines
  • the solid-liquid separator 7-3 is respectively connected to the temporary storage tank 18-4 and the ion resin pure water equipment 11 by pipelines.
  • the grinding mill 12 is connected to the electrolytic cell 1 through a solid powder conveying pipe 40, and is used to crush the washed material 24.
  • the ultrasonic generators 13-2 and 13-3 are used to further crush and clean the washed material 24.
  • the ion resin pure water equipment 11 is used to treat the washing waste liquid 39 and produce washing liquid with less or no impurity ions for recycling.
  • the liquid outlet of the ion resin pure water equipment 11 is connected to the temporary storage tank 18-5 by a pipeline.
  • the temporary storage tank 18-2 is provided with an ultrasonic generator 13-1 for stirring and mixing the washed material 24-3 with water, and is connected to the space outside the filter bag in the electrolytic tank 1-2 through a pipeline provided with a valve 22-3 and a pump 23-2.
  • the waste gas treatment tank 33 is used to treat the chlorine gas escaping from the anode of the electrolytic cell 1-1, and is connected to the filter bag shaping frame 8-1 of the electrolytic cell 1-1 through a pipeline.
  • the sensors 19-1, 19-3, 19-5, 19-7, 19-9, 19-11 and 19-13 are all conductivity meters.
  • Sensors 19-2, 19-4, 19-6, 19-8, 19-10, and 19-12 are all liquid level meters.
  • the logic program controller 20 is electrically connected to each sensor, electrolysis power supply, valve and/or pump for controlling the liquid pipette, valve and/or pump for controlling the water pipette, vibrator, and other pumps. During the process, the field detection data of each sensor is transmitted to the logic program automatic controller 20 for processing, so that the device can operate safely according to the pre-programmed program.
  • the washed substance 24 in this embodiment is copper oxide, and the soluble impurity contained in it is sodium chloride.
  • the initial added washing liquid 26 is industrial pure water, which is mainly used to wash chloride ions so that the chloride ion content of the copper oxide product reaches the high standard requirement of ⁇ 30 mg/kg.
  • the copper oxide granular crude product 24-1 is put into the grinding mill 12 for crushing to obtain the copper oxide powder, which is put into the electrolytic cell 1-1 together with the washing liquid 26 to mix to form a solid-liquid mixture, and the soluble impurities are dissolved in the washing liquid to form impurity ions, and the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 are respectively soaked in the washing liquid.
  • the logic program controller 20 repeatedly uses the liquid pipette to pump out the washing liquid enriched with impurity ions and the water pipe to replenish the washing liquid with less or no impurity ions according to the time and process design interval;
  • the flow control valves 21-1 and 21-2 corresponding to the liquid pipes 5-1 and 5-2 respectively execute the instructions issued by the logic program controller 20, and control the pump 23-5 to pump out the solution in the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 according to the two liquid level gauges of sensors 19-2 and 19-4 according to the program, and the three vibrators on the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 are started according to the instructions issued by the logic program controller 20; when the two liquid level gauges of sensors 19-2 and 19-4 reach the low point, the logic program controller 20
  • the program controller 20 issues a command to stop the pumping of the pump 23-5, and starts the pump 23-7 to respectively add the washing liquid 26 containing little or no impurity ions into the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 through the water supply pipes 9-1 and 9-2, so that the liquid level in the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 is higher than the liquid level outside the filter bags of the electrolytic cell 1-1, so that the solution in the filter bags 4-1 and 4-2 is pressed out and the solids adhering to the filter bags are squeezed out of the
  • the two vibrators 6-1 and 6-2 are pneumatic vibrators, which are fixedly installed on the filter bag 4-1 and the filter bag 4-2 respectively.
  • a washing liquid and a substance to be washed are added to the electrolytic cell 1 to form a solid-liquid mixture, and soluble impurities are dissolved in the washing liquid to form impurity ions;
  • Clean water is used as a washing liquid to rinse the above chemicals to remove soluble impurities contained therein. After each rinsing, the washing water containing impurities is removed by a solid-liquid separation device, and then the rinsing steps are repeated by changing the water until the washed substances and the washing liquid are fully mixed and stirred to obtain a solution whose impurity ion concentration is lower than the set process standard of 0.3 g/L.
  • the ionization and impurity removal process is completed and the filter bag containing the washed material is taken out of the electrolytic cell to collect the washed and purified washed material.

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Abstract

一种去除可溶杂质的方法及其装置，方法包括以下步骤：(1)建立一个电解槽（1），电解槽（1）中的至少一个电极（2,3）被滤袋（4）包裹，所述滤袋（4）的底部至少部分离开电解槽底表面；设置可使所述滤袋振动的振动器（6），以及连通至电解槽外的吸液管（5），所述吸液管（5）的吸液口设在所述的滤袋（4）内且每个滤袋（4）内至少有一个吸液口；(2)令电解槽（1）中滤袋（4）以外的区域装有洗涤液（28）和带有可溶杂质的固体被洗涤物质（24），使可溶杂质溶于洗涤液（28）中形成杂质离子；(3)开启电解电源进行电离杂质离子的作业，将聚集在电极（2,3）附近的杂质离子通过吸液管（5）抽取溶液作外排和/或通过电解成为气体作电析除去；振动器（6）连续或者间歇式启动；(4)完成除杂工序后将电解槽内的固体物通过固液分离取出。

Description

一种去除可溶杂质的方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明属于化学品提纯的技术领域，具体涉及一种去除可溶杂质的方法及其装置。
背景技术
现工业生产中常需要通过洗涤的方法去除化工产品中能溶于水的电解质杂质，以使化工产品符合市场使用要求；例如，从氢氧化亚铁产品中除去硫酸钠杂质，从碱式碳酸铜产品中除去氯化钠杂质，从草酸铜产品除去盐酸、氯化钠、氯化铵杂质，从氧化铜产品中去除氯化钠杂质等，均可采用洗涤方法来提纯产品。现有技术的化工产品洗涤方法为普通水洗，即直接采用水对化学产品进行多次洗涤直至符合要求，该工艺流程及所需设备简单，所以被广泛采用。可是现有技术的普通水洗方法需要大量淡水作多次清洗，总用水量常为被清洗物重量的几十上百倍。尽管大部分清洗废水中杂质浓度低允许直接排放，但地球淡水资源有限，且全球工业化也带来大量的普通水洗废水量，这些大量的普通水洗工艺废水排放仍会造成环境污染。
所以，申请人在申请号202310528764.7的中国专利申请中提出了一种从不溶于水的化合物中分离电解质杂质的方法，对化学产品的洗涤提纯工艺进行更新改进。该方法在电解槽中采用分隔物围蔽出清洗槽区并将不溶于水的化合物(即被洗涤的化学产品)限制在其中，利用所述电解阳极和电解阴极通电后所产生的电场力令所述的清洗槽区内洗涤液中的阳离子和阴离子迁离所述的清洗槽区，从而减少清洗槽区内洗涤液的总离子浓度，并促使电解质杂质更多地从不溶于的水化合物中分离，实现在洗涤液使用量相同的情况下达到更好地将电解质杂质去除的效果。但由于该方法中，被洗涤的化学品是被放置于由分隔物围蔽形成的清洗槽区中，而固体形态的被洗涤的化学品受重力影响堆积在底部，因此容易大面积地与分隔物大量紧密接触，容易导致堵塞分隔物，使分离电解质杂质的效率降低。因此，仍需要对化学产品的洗涤工艺及装置作进一步的改进。
发明内容
本发明第一目的是提供一种去除可溶杂质的方法，对固体化学品的洗涤提纯工艺作改进，既能提高提纯的效率又能节约用水。第二个目的是提供一种采用上 述方法实施去除可溶杂质的装置。
一种去除可溶杂质的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)建立一个电解槽，电解槽中的至少一个电极被滤袋包裹，所述滤袋的底部至少部分离开电解槽底表面，所述的电极为电解阳极和/或电解阴极；
在电解槽中电解阳极与电解电源的正极连接，电解阴极与电解电源的负极连接；
设置可使所述滤袋振动的振动器，以及连通至电解槽外的吸液管，所述吸液管的吸液口设在所述的滤袋内且每个滤袋内至少有一个吸液口；
(2)令电解槽中滤袋以外的区域装有洗涤液和带有可溶杂质的固体被洗涤物质，形成固液混合物，使可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子，并使所述电解阳极和电解阴极浸置入洗涤液；
(3)开启电解电源进行电离杂质离子的作业，将聚集在电极附近的杂质离子通过吸液管抽取溶液作外排和/或通过电解成为气体作电析除去；振动器连续或者间歇式启动，振脱粘附外挂在滤袋上的被洗涤物质；
(4)当电解槽内的洗涤液中杂质离子浓度达到或者低于工艺要求设定的浓度标准则完成被洗涤物质除杂工序，然后将电解槽内的固体物通过固液分离取出，得到洗涤提纯后的产品。
在步骤(4)中，电解槽内的洗涤液中杂质离子浓度达到或者低于工艺要求设定的浓度标准，相当于被洗涤物质在杂质离子含量达到设定的标准。
在本发明中，单个所述的滤袋包裹一个电解阳极或者电解阴极，或者同时包裹一个以上的电解阳极或者电解阴极，或者同时包裹至少一个电解阳极和至少一个电解阴极。
所述的吸液管用于将在电极周围富集杂质离子的溶液吸排走。
所述的滤袋用于有效阻隔电解槽中滤袋外的固体被洗涤物质进入到滤袋里面，从而避免被洗涤物质触碰电极发生电化学反应或者避免被洗涤物质大量随着洗涤液被吸液管吸走。滤袋的底部至少部分离开电解槽底表面，从而在滤袋下方留出空间，利用被洗涤物质的重力来避免其大面积地与滤袋大量紧密接触。所述振动器可使滤袋振动，用于为滤袋和/或滤袋附近溶液提供振动的动能来振脱粘附外挂在滤袋上的被洗涤物质，避免堵塞滤袋，有利于杂质离子在受电场力作用 下能够顺畅穿越滤袋迁移并富集在电性相互吸引的电极周围。以上各技术特征的合力作用对被洗涤物质进行电离除杂作业，能有效避免被洗涤物质堵塞滤袋而影响可溶杂质的去除效果，并提高提纯的效率。
优选地，所述的滤袋的材料不溶于被洗涤物质和洗涤液所组成的固液混合物，并且其至少一面的材料能有效阻挡固体被洗涤物质进入滤袋内但又能允许水和离子通过，如阴离子交换膜、阳离子交换膜、无离子选择性的隔膜、反渗透膜、过滤固体介质。优选地，所述的滤袋的材料选用滤布、滤板、滤网中的至少一种，避免使用价格高昂的离子膜导致生产装置成本高。
本发明所述的被洗涤物质为不溶或者微溶于洗涤液的固体物质且带有可溶于洗涤液的杂质，所述的杂质可直接溶于洗涤液或者与洗涤液中的成分反应后溶于洗涤液；例如，带有氯化钠杂质的氧化铜粉、带有硫酸钠杂质的氢氧化亚铁、带有盐酸、氯化钠、氯化铵杂质草酸铜等。本发明所使用的洗涤液为自来水、纯水、酸溶液中的至少一种，所述的酸溶液为无机酸和/或有机酸的水溶液，具体视工艺标准要求及根据被洗涤物质和其杂质进行选择。其中，对于如铁化合物等一些易溶于酸但难溶于水的杂质或者在水中会发生水解生成沉淀的杂质，采用酸溶液作为洗涤液。本发明的方法能便于利用电解槽内部被滤袋包裹电极以外的大空间对被洗涤物质作清洗，提升清洗时洗涤液与被洗涤物质的重量比例，使可溶杂质能充分溶解于洗涤液中而更容易被富集吸排走，从而缩短提纯的时间和总用水量。因此，比起中国专利申请号202310528764.7的工艺，本发明可以减少去除可溶杂质的洗涤时间和/或次数，提高提纯效率，而且不增加甚至减少洗涤的总水量。
在步骤(3)中，所述电极的作用是利用电场力富集杂质离子。作业时所述的电解阳极和电解阴极之间在电解液中建立有电场，使洗涤液中带有负电性的杂质阴离子被电解阳极电性吸引而富集到电解阳极周围或者将其引入到包裹电解阳极的滤袋内，同时洗涤液中带有正电性的杂质阳离子被电解阴极吸引而富集到电解阴极周围或者将其引入到包裹电解阴极的滤袋内，并通过吸液管将含杂质离子的溶液外排出电解槽外。
本发明可以作以下改进：在电离除杂作业期间，将部分富集杂质离子的洗涤液通过所述的吸液管从电解槽中抽吸走，并向电解槽中补充含有较少或者不含杂 质离子的洗涤液。
优选地，向所述的滤袋内补充含有较少或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液，或者分别向所述的滤袋内和电解槽内滤袋以外的空间补充含有较少或者不含上述杂质离子的洗涤液。本发明通过向所述的滤袋内补充洗涤液，能增加滤袋内部液压，使粘附外挂于滤袋外的固体被洗涤物质随着滤袋内渗液挤出而跌落回到滤袋外的洗涤液中，防止滤袋材料的小孔被堵塞，确保离子和水迁移通畅。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在向电解槽加投补充含有较少或者不含所述杂质离子的洗涤液时或者加投操作完成后，开启振动器将粘附在滤袋上的固体物振落。
优选地，向电解槽中补充含有较少或者不含所述杂质离子的洗涤液时，使所述滤袋内的液位高于滤袋外的液位，或者通过在滤袋内采用较快的入液流量来增大滤袋内的水压，使滤袋内的液体从内向外渗出，结合振动器的振动将粘附在滤袋上的固体通过外挤使其跌离袋外，加快滤袋过滤孔洞恢复过滤功能。
本发明可以作以下改进：所述振动器按时间控制作启动。
本发明可以作以下改进：在滤袋外的至少一个电极(即未被滤袋包裹的电极)上和/或该电极附近增加设置吸液管，以将富集在该电极周围的离子吸走去除。为避免大量的被洗涤物质被吸走，优选采用较慢的吸液速度或者较低的吸液频率，和/或待被洗涤物质静置沉降后再进行吸液。
本发明可以作以下改进：采用离子交换树脂纯水设备，对电离除杂作业过程中抽排出来的洗涤液或者作业完成后得到的富含杂质离子的洗涤废液作杂质离子的去除处理，制得含有较少或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液，然后循环加投至电解槽中再次使用。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在进行电离除杂作业前，对固体状态的被洗涤物质进行机械研磨粉碎或超声波撞击破碎，以利于在电离除杂作业程中增加可溶杂质与洗涤液的接触面积，使被洗涤物质中所含的可溶杂质更易在洗涤液中溶解。
本发明还可以作以下改进：当采用本发明的方法去除被洗涤物质中的氯离子杂质时，在电离除杂的作业过程中增大电解电源的电解电流，使富集在电解阳极附近的氯离子杂质被电解阳极氧化成为氯气析出而被去除。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在电解槽中滤袋外的空间区域使用搅拌器对被洗 涤物质和洗涤液的固液混合物进行搅拌，以加速被洗涤物质中的可溶杂质离开被洗涤物质并溶入洗涤液中。优选地，采用搅拌器间歇式地对被洗涤物质和洗涤液的固液混合物作搅拌，每次搅拌时关停电解电源且搅拌停止后待其中的固体物部分或者完全沉降才开启电解电源作电离除杂，以减少固体被洗涤物质与电解电极接触而发生预期外的电化学副反应。更优选地，搅拌时将电极和滤袋局部或者全部提升离开液面，给与被洗涤物质和洗涤液形成的固液混合物更大的搅拌空间，进一步促进可溶杂质溶入洗涤液中。
本发明还可以作以下改进：采用冷热温度交换器对电解槽中的洗涤液进行加热，加速被洗涤物质表面对杂质离子的解吸附，使杂质离子更容易被富集到对应的电极周围，提高洗涤效率。
本发明还可以作以下改进：采用电解液分解电压值以上的电解电压进行本发明的电离除杂作业，以加快作业速度。所述的电解液分解电压值，即根据电解槽的洗涤液在静态下电解电源施予电解阳极和电解阴极之间的电压恰好能使洗涤液电析出极微量氧化性气体或者极微量还原性气体的临界点数值。电解液分解电压值与洗涤液的电解质浓度、粘稠度、温度、阴阳电极之间距离和阴阳电极所选用的材料等多种因素有关。
本发明还可以作以下改进：通过检测洗涤液的电导率数值来判断电解槽内的洗涤液中杂质浓度是否达到工艺要求设定的浓度标准。洗涤液的电导率数值能间接反映洗涤液的可溶杂质浓度，在其他条件相同的情况下洗涤液中的杂质浓度越高则洗涤液的电导率数值越大。
本发明实现第二个目的采取的方案为：
一种去除可溶杂质方法的装置，其特征在于，包括：电解槽、电解阳极、电解阴极和电解电源，其中：
在所述的电解槽中设置电解阳极、电解阴极，电解阳极和电解阴极分别与电解电源的正极和负极连接；至少一个电解阳极和/或电解阴极被所述滤袋包裹；
设置使所述滤袋振动的振动器，以及连通至电解槽外的吸液管；所述吸液管的吸液口设在所述的滤袋内，且每个滤袋内至少有一个吸液口。
所述电解槽的材料采用高分子树脂材料，和/或涂有或者包裹有防腐绝缘材料的金属。
所述的电解阳极为不溶性阳极，其与洗涤液接触的表面材料为选自金、铂、钛基涂层、导电石墨、钛、镍中的一种或一种以上；所述的电解阴极为不溶性阴极，其与洗涤液接触的表面材料为选自金、铂、钛、镍、银、铜、包含上述至少一种金属的合金、不锈钢和导电石墨中的一种或一种以上。
所述的吸液管与电极安装结合为一体，如图1所示；或者将电极与吸液管各为独立的结构形式放置入滤袋中。
所述振动器为电动式振动器和/或气动式电动器。所述的振动器使用紧固方法紧贴在滤袋上或者固定在与滤袋接触的固定部件上，所述的紧固方法可以选择捆绑、缝合、焊接、置于固定口袋中等方式，能使振动器的振动动作传递至滤袋即可。振动器数量及安装位置不作限制，能使所述滤袋振动即可。
本发明可以作以下改进：增设固液分离器，所述的电解槽与固液分离器通过管道和泵浦作连接。所述的固液分离器选自压滤机、过滤机、离心机。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设暂存槽，用于暂存物料和清水，或用于洗涤和浸润物质使用；其与电解槽、固液分离器、其他暂存槽等本发明装置中的至少一个容器或者设备通过管道作连接。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设离子交换树脂纯水设备，所述离子交换树脂纯水设备与固液分离器、电解槽、暂存槽等本发明装置中的至少一个容器或者设备作管道连接。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设机械研磨粉碎机和/或超声波发生器，用于破碎固体状态的被洗涤物质，加快溶解可溶杂质以便于电离收集作去除。所述的超声波发生器安装在电解槽或者用于被洗涤物质破碎的暂存槽处。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在所述滤袋增设滤袋定型框，用于固定滤袋，维持滤袋内腔空间，更利于富集杂质离子和吸排废液。所述的滤袋定型框为由不溶于洗涤液的硬质材料制成的框架或者箱框。所述的滤袋定型框采用箱框结构时，其至少一面设有通孔和/或电场线通孔口，所述的电场线通孔口设置于电解作业时浸在电解液中的电解阳极和电解阴极之间的电场线所通过的路径上。优选地，所述的滤袋定型框采用如图2所示的通孔树脂材料箱框，并使所述的滤袋镶套在其内部或外部。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设加投水管，用于向所述的滤袋内和/或电解 槽内滤袋以外的空间补充含有较少或者不含上述杂质离子的洗涤液。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在滤袋定型框上增设抽排气管，使从滤袋中逸出的废气得到收集处理。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设废气处理槽，用于对阳极电析的氯气收集处理。所述的废气处理槽选自真空射流式废气处理槽和/或喷淋塔式废气处理槽，其与电解槽通过气体管道作连接。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设传感器和逻辑程序控制器，监控作业过程，使装置按预编程序进行自动化控制运行，所述的传感器选自温度计、液位计、电导率仪、比色仪、氢气浓度检测仪、氯气浓度检测仪、氧化还原电位计、pH计中的一种或者一种以上。所述的逻辑程序控制器与传感器的信号输出端作电性连接，同时与本发明装置中的电解电源、阀门、泵浦、振动器、冷热温度交换器、超声波发生器、研磨粉碎机、搅拌器中的至少一者作电性连接并根据所述传感器测得的数值和/或设定的时间进行控制。
本发明还可以作以下改进：增设氢气高空排放管道，将电离除杂作业中所产出的少量氢气作高空安全外排。所述氢气高空排放管道与电解槽作管道连接。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在所述的电解槽和/或暂存槽增设冷热温度交换器，使其中的洗涤液温度符合生产设定温度范围。
本发明还可以作以下改进：对电解槽内滤袋以外的空间增设搅拌设备，对被洗涤物质和洗涤液的固液混合物作搅拌，加速洗涤液中的杂质离子被富集到电性相互吸引的电极附近，从而提高提纯效率。所述的搅拌设备为液流搅拌器和/或叶轮搅拌器。
本发明还可以作以下改进：所述的电解槽底部采用漏斗型结构，以增加电解槽内滤袋以外的底部溶液空间，便于对受重力作用向下沉降的被洗涤物质进行向上反冲洗涤搅拌来帮助杂质离子脱离被洗涤物质，并便于对洗涤后的被洗涤物质作沉降收集。
本发明还可以作以下改进：在所述的吸液管上设置流量调节阀，以便根据工艺情况控制富集杂质离子的洗涤液的排出流量。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的方法利用滤袋和振动器的合力作用来避免固体形态的被洗涤物质 大面积地与滤袋大量紧密接触，并有效避免被洗涤物质堵塞滤袋而影响可溶杂质的去除效果，从而提高提纯效率。
本发明的方法利用电解槽内部滤袋以外的大空间对被洗涤物质作清洗，使可溶杂质能充分溶解于洗涤液中而更容易被富集吸排走。因此可以减少洗涤的时间和/或次数，并且不增加甚至减少洗涤的总水量，达到节约用水的目的。
本发明的方法能通过采用离子树脂纯水设备，对产出的洗涤废水作水处理后实现循环再用以减少环境污染。
本发明的方法中采用对洗涤液进行加热的手段时，能进一步提高电离杂质的效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的吸液管与电极安装结合为一体的结构示意图，其中B为A的右视图；
图2为本发明所述的箱框结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例1去除可溶杂质的装置的示意图。
图4为本发明实施例2去除可溶杂质的装置的示意图。
图5为本发明实施例3去除可溶杂质的装置的示意图。
图6为本发明实施例4去除可溶杂质的装置的示意图。图6-1为图6的局部放大图之一，图6-2为图6的局部放大图之二，图6-1和图6-2共同组成图6。
图7为本发明实施例5去除可溶杂质的装置的示意图。
图8为对比例2的装置的示意图。
附图标记
1-电解槽、2-电解阳极、3-电解阴极、4-滤袋、5-吸液管、6-振动器、7-固液分离器、8-滤袋定型框、9-加水管、10-电解电源、11-离子树脂纯水设备、12-研磨粉碎机、13-超声波发生器、14-抽排气管、15-冷热温度交换器、16-叶轮搅拌器、17-液流搅拌器、18-暂存槽、19-传感器、20-逻辑程序控制器、21-流量控制阀、22-阀门、23-泵浦、24-被洗涤物质、25-可溶杂质、26-少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液、27-洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质、28-洗涤液、29-电解槽盖、30-电极安装孔、31-通孔、32-电场线通孔口、33-废气处理槽、34-真空射流器、35-喷淋塔、36-氯气、37-氢气、38-氢气高空排放管、39-洗涤废液、40-固体粉末输送管、 41-碱性废气反应液、42-滤袋升降器、43-清洗槽区。
附图和下述实施例中，以“附图标记-数字序号”表示装置中多个相同类型部件中其中一个；例如，电解槽1-1意指电解槽之一，电解槽2-2意指电解槽之二，振动器6-1～6-4意指四个振动器6-1、6-2、6-3和6-4。以“附图标记/附图标记”表示可以为不同类型部件中的一种部件；例如，附图中标记为“2/3”意指该部件可以为电解阳极2或者电解阴极3。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，对本发明的工艺技术方案作详细说明，以便本领域技术人员更好地理解和实施。
在下述的实施例中，电解槽的容积均为350L。所使用的电解槽、电极、暂存槽、搅拌器、吸液管、滤袋、废气处理槽均为广东省佛山市业高环保设备制造有限公司的产品。逻辑程序控制器、传感器、固液分离器、化工原料均为市售商品。除上述列举的之外，本领域技术人员根据常规选择，也可以选择其他具有与本发明列举的上述产品具有相似性能的产品，均可以实现本发明的目的。
如图1所示，为吸液管与电极安装结合为一体的结构示意图。在电解阳极2或者电解阴极3的表面固定安装有至少一条吸液管5，所述的吸液管5上端设有流量控制阀21。
如图2所示，为一种具体作为滤袋定型框的箱框结构的示意图。
所述的滤袋定型框8采用箱框结构，其材料为高分子材料。所述滤袋定型框8的箱框顶部一面设有吸液管5、加水管9、抽排气管14和电极安装孔30，箱框底部一面设有通孔31，箱框至少一个侧面设有电场线通孔口32。
实施例1
如图1所示，为本发明实施例1去除可溶杂质的装置，其包括电解槽1、电解阳极2、电解阴极3、滤袋4、吸液管5、振动器6、电解电源10、叶轮搅拌器16、泵浦。
所述的电解槽1中设置有电解阳极2、电解阴极3，电解阳极2与电解电源10的正极连接，电解阴极3与电解电源10的负极连接；所述的电解阳极2旁边安置有吸液管5-1；所述的电解阴极3被滤袋4包裹，且滤袋4的底部部分离开或者完全离开电解槽1的底表面，电解阴极3旁边安置有吸液管5-2，吸液管5-2 的吸液口在所述的滤袋4内。振动器6-1和振动器6-2分别固定安装在滤袋4上，使滤袋4振动；所述的叶轮搅拌器16安装在电解槽1内。
所述的电解阳极2的材料为金，电解阴极3的材料为导电石墨。
所述的振动器6-1和振动器6-2均为电振动器。
所述的吸液管5-1和吸液管5-2上分别设有计量泵23-1和计量泵23-2。
本实施例的被洗涤物质24为碱式碳酸铜，其所含的可溶杂质为氯化钠杂质25，杂质浓度为0.7％；初始加投的洗涤液26为纯水。
本实施例去除可溶杂质的方法，包括以下步骤：
1.采用图3所示的装置，往电解槽1中定量加投洗涤液26和被洗涤物质24形成固液混合物；启动叶轮搅拌器16，在加投过程中使被洗涤物质在洗涤液中被分散混合5分钟，使可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子；随后关停叶轮搅拌器16让电解槽1内的固液混合物静放10分钟，使被洗涤物质沉聚在槽底部；
2.接通电解电源10进行工作，使洗涤液28中的杂质离子之一的氯离子受电场力作用往电解阳极附近富集并电析出微量氯气，杂质离子之二的钠离子受电场力作用迁移进滤袋中并使电解阴极电析氢气；启动计量泵23-2，使用吸液管5-1将电解阳极2周围含较浓的氯离子溶液外吸排走，启动计量泵23-3，将富集在滤袋里含钠离子浓度较高的溶液使用吸液管5-2外吸排走；启动振动器6-1和6-2将粘附在滤袋上的固体粉粒被洗涤物质振落；
3.作业过程中根据液位补充投入少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26到电解槽1中；取样电解槽1中的洗涤液28作检验，以其杂质离子浓度减少到溶液电导率≤1000μs/cm的工艺标准值以下则为完成电离除杂工序，关停电解电源、振动器和吸液管上的计量泵。
4.将电解槽1的固液混合物抽出另外采用固液分离器作固液分离，得到滤渣为洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质27、滤液为洗涤废液39。
以上电离除杂作业前后的工艺数据列于表1中。其中，整个作业过程中所使用的洗涤液按重量计为被洗涤物质的7.5倍，全程共用时间7小时。
实施例2
如图4所示，为本发明实施例2去除可溶杂质的装置，其包括电解槽1、电解阳极2、电解阴极3、两个滤袋4-1和4-2、两条吸液管5-1和5-2、四个振动器6-1～6-4、固液分离器7、两个滤袋定型框8-1和8-2、两支抽排气管14、冷热温度交换器15、液流搅拌器17、暂存槽18、传感器19、两个流量控制阀21-1和21-2、电解槽盖29、氢气高空安全排放管38、阀门和泵浦。
所述的电解槽1中设置有电解阳极2、电解阴极3，电解阳极2与电解电源10的正极连接，电解阴极3与电解电源10的负极连接。所述的电解槽1顶部设有电解槽盖29；所述的电解槽1其底部采用漏斗型结构，漏斗底端设有三通管道，其中一路为液流搅拌器17，另外一路与固液分离器7通过设有阀门22-2和泵浦23-1的管道作连接；所述的液流搅拌器17为设于电解槽1底部以上位置的出液口通过设有泵浦23-4和阀门22-1的管道与电解槽1漏斗底端的三通作连接，以利于对被洗涤物质24作反冲混合洗涤来提高洗涤效率。所述的滤袋定型框8-1和8-2为框架结构，分别将所述滤袋4-1和4-2固定在其外部，且两个滤袋的底部完全离开电解槽1的底表面；滤袋4-1内包裹有吸液管5-1和电解阳极2，滤袋4-2内包裹有吸液管5-2和电解阴极3，上述吸液管与电极采用图1所示的一体式结构，吸液管的吸液口则在对应的滤袋中、对应的电解电极旁边；所述的吸液管5-1通过设有阀门21-1和泵浦23-2的管道与暂存槽18作连接，所述的吸液管5-2通过设有阀门21-2和泵浦23-3的管道与暂存槽18作连接。
所述电解阳极2的材料为镍，电解阴极的材料为不锈钢。
所述的四个振动器6-1～6-4为气动式振动器，振动器6-1和6-2固定在滤袋4-1上，振动器6-3和6-4固定在滤袋4-2上。
所述的固液分离器7为普通过滤机，其另外通过管道与暂存槽18作管道连接。
所述的冷热温度交换器15安装在电解槽1上，用于根据传感器19的设置数值对洗涤液28作温控；传感器19为温度计，作业过程中其探头浸入电解槽1的洗涤液中。
滤袋定型框8-1和8-2上分别设有抽排气管14-1和14-2，抽排气管14-2连接有氢气高空安全排放管38。
本实施例的被洗涤物质24为氢氧化亚铁，其所含的可溶杂质为硫酸钠；初 始加投的的洗涤液26为自来水。
所述的电解槽盖29用于阻止外来空气氧化电解槽中的被洗涤物质氢氧化亚铁。
本实施例去除可溶杂质的方法，包括以下步骤：
1.采用图4所示的装置，往电解槽1加投洗涤液26和被洗涤物质24形成固液混合物，可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子；
2.接通电解电源，开启各个振动器、调节与吸液管连接的阀门作流量控制、并启动泵浦23-2和23-3进行吸液作业；作业过程中新的洗涤液26受控地加投到电解槽1中，液流搅拌器17不断地从漏斗型槽底向上反冲沉聚于槽底的被洗涤物质，各个振动器将粘附在滤袋上的被洗涤物质振落；杂质离子硫酸根和钠离子被分别富集到安置有电解阳极的滤袋中和安置有电解阴极的滤袋中，并分别被设置于滤袋内的吸液管抽排到暂存槽18中；作业过程中传感器19即温度计控制洗涤液28的温度为50℃，以加快可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中；
3.取样电解槽1中的洗涤液28作检验，其杂质离子浓度低于设定的工艺标准0.3克/升时则为完成电离除杂工序，关停电解电源、振动器、泵浦23-2和23-3、液流搅拌器17。
4.打开阀门22-2并启动泵浦23-1对电解槽1的固液混合物通过固液分离器7作固液分离，得到滤渣为洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质27氢氧化亚铁、滤液为洗涤废液39，其中滤渣被截留在过滤机中，滤液引流到暂存槽18中。
以上电离除杂作业前后的工艺数据列于表1中。其中，整个作业过程中所使用的洗涤液按重量计为被洗涤物质的7倍，全程共用时间6.5小时。
电解槽中的洗涤液温度更高时，能进一步加速被洗涤物质表面对杂质离子的解吸附，使杂质离子更容易被富集到对应的电极周围，提高洗涤效率。作业过程中传感器19即温度计控制洗涤液28的温度为70℃时，全程共用时间6小时。
实施例3
如图5所示，为本发明实施例3去除可溶杂质的装置，其包括电解槽1、电解阳极2、电解阴极3、两个滤袋4-1和4-2、两条吸液管5-1和5-2、四个振动 器6-1～6-4、固液分离器7、两个滤袋定型框8-1和8-2、两条加水管9-1和9-2、离子树脂纯水设备11、研磨粉碎机12、液流搅拌器17、三个暂存槽18-1～18-3、阀门和泵浦。
所述的电解槽1中设置有电解阳极2、电解阴极3，电解阳极2与电解电源10的正极连接，电解阴极3与电解电源10的负极连接；所述的电解槽1的出料口设有液流搅拌器17，具体为设有阀门和泵浦的液流循环管道连接至电解槽1入料口；所述的电解槽1的出料口还另外与固液分离器7通过设有阀门22-4和泵浦23-1的管道作连接；所述的滤袋4-1和4-2分别套嵌在滤袋定型框8-1和8-2外，滤袋定型框8-1和8-2采用图2所示的箱框结构，且两个滤袋的底部完全离开电解槽1的底表面；滤袋4-1内包裹有加水管9-1、吸液管5-1和电解阳极2，滤袋4-2内包裹有加水管9-2、吸液管5-2和电解阴极3，上述吸液管与电极采用图1所示的一体式结构，吸液管的吸液口则在对应的滤袋中、对应的电解电极旁边；所述的吸液管5-1和吸液管5-2分别通过阀门21-1和21-2后共同通过泵浦23-2与暂存槽18-2作管道连接。暂存槽18-3的出液口通过设有阀门22-5和泵浦23-5的管道分别与加水管9-1、加水管9-2连接，并另外通过设有阀门22-3的管道与电解槽1内滤袋以外的区域连接。
所述电解阳极的材料为钛，电解阴极的材料为钛。
所述的四个振动器6-1～6-4为气动式振动器，振动器6-1和6-2固定安装在滤袋4-1上，振动器6-3和6-4固定安装在滤袋4-2上。
所述的固液分离器7为压滤机，其另外通过管道与暂存槽18-2作管道连接。
所述的研磨粉碎机12通过固体粉末输送管40与电解槽1连接。
所述的传感器19为电导率仪，设于电解槽1内，用于测量洗涤液28中的电导率数值以判断洗涤液的可溶杂质浓度。
所述的离子树脂纯水设备用于处理洗涤废液39，制出少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26回投到电解槽中使用。离子树脂纯水设备11分别与暂存槽18-2和暂存槽18-3通过设有泵浦的管道作连接。
所述的暂存槽18-1用于装载固液分离所得洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质27。暂存槽18-2用于暂存洗涤废液39。暂存槽18-3用于暂存洗涤废液39经过离子树脂纯水设备11作纯水处理所得的少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26。
本实施例的被洗涤物质24为草酸铜，其所含的可溶杂质为草酸铵和氯化钠。初始加投的洗涤液26为工业纯水。
本实施例一种去除可溶杂质的方法，包括以下步骤：
1.将块状的被洗涤物质24-1投入到研磨粉碎机中作粉碎，加工后成为粉末状的被洗涤物质24-2定量投往电解槽1内、滤袋以外的空间中；往电解槽1内滤袋以外的空间加投少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26，使洗涤液和被洗涤物质在电解槽1中混合形成固液混合物，可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子，并使滤袋4-1和4-2分别浸透入洗涤液；
2.接通电解电源10和开启液流搅拌器17进行富集杂质离子的工作，作业过程中按工艺设计间隔重复地进行吸液管抽排富集了杂质离子的洗涤液和加水管补充少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液的动作；
具体地，泵浦23-2按时间设定启动或者关停，以分别通过吸液管5-1和5-2对两个滤袋中的溶液作间歇式的抽排，将洗涤废液39引流到暂存槽18-2中，各振动器依时间控制作间歇式式启动；按工艺设计每次关停泵浦23-2后，启动泵浦23-5通过加水管9-1和9-2分别采用较快的入液流量来向滤袋4-1和4-2内加投少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26使袋内的液压高于袋外液压，同时启动滤袋上的振动器，令滤袋内的溶液压渗出外并将粘附在滤袋上的固体物挤跌离开滤袋，减少滤袋孔洞堵塞；
3.当传感器19电导率仪测得的电解槽1内洗涤液28数值达到工艺设定值800μs/cm，则为完成电离除杂工序，关停电解电源、连接吸液管或者加水管的泵浦、液流搅拌器；
4.打开阀门22和开启泵浦23-2将电解槽1中的固液混合物通过固液分离器机7作固液分离，得到滤渣为洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质27，即草酸铜，滤液为洗涤废液39，滤渣暂放在槽18-1中，滤液引流到槽18-2中暂存；
5.将洗涤废液39进入离子树脂纯水设备中作处理，处理后得到的少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液暂存在槽18-3中并按工艺要求回投到电解槽1中使用。
以上电离除杂作业前后的工艺数据列于表1中。
实施例4
如图6所示，为本发明实施例4去除可溶杂质装置，其包括两个电解槽1-1和1-2、两个电解阳极2-1和2-2、两个电解阴极3-1和3-2、四个滤袋4-1～4-4、四支吸液管5-1～5-4、十个振动器6-1～6-10、三个固液分离器7-1～7-3、四个滤袋定型框8-1～8-4、四个加水管9-1～9-4、两个电解电源10-1和10-2、离子树脂纯水设备11、研磨粉碎机12、三个超声波发生器13-1～13-3、两个液流搅拌器17-1和17-2、五个暂存槽18-1～18-5、十三个传感器19-1～19-13、逻辑程序控制器20、废气处理槽33、多个阀门和泵浦。
所述的电解槽1-1和电解槽1-2分别用作对被洗涤物质进行两级电离除杂。
所述的电解槽1-1中设置有电解阳极2-1、电解阴极3-1，电解阳极2-1与电解电源10-1的正极连接，电解阴极3-1与电解电源10-1的负极连接；所述的电解槽1-1设有液流搅拌器17-1，具体为设有阀门和泵浦的液流循环管道；所述的滤袋4-1和4-2内部分别套嵌有滤袋定型框8-1和8-2，使两个滤袋的底部完全离开电解槽1的底表面，滤袋定型框8-1和8-2采用箱框结构；滤袋4-1内包裹有加水管9-1、吸液管5-1、电解阳极2-1并安置有传感器19-1和19-2，滤袋4-2内包裹有加水管9-2、吸液管5-2、电解阴极3-1并安置有传感器19-4和19-5，上述吸液管与电极采用图1所示的一体式结构，吸液管的吸液口则在对应的滤袋中、对应的电解电极旁边；所述的滤袋4-1还安装有三个振动器6-1、6-2和6-9，所述的滤袋4-2还安装有三个振动器6-3、6-4和6-10，所述的电解槽1-1内滤袋以外的区域设置有传感器19-3和19-6；
所述的电解槽1-2中设置有电解阳极2-2、电解阴极3-2，电解阳极2-2与电解电源10-2的正极连接，电解阴极3-2与电解电源10-2的负极连接；所述的电解槽1-2设有液流搅拌器17-2，具体为设有阀门和泵浦的液流循环管道；所述的滤袋4-3和4-4内部分别套嵌有滤袋定型框8-3和8-4，使两个滤袋的底部完全离开电解槽1的底表面，滤袋定型框8-3和8-4采用箱框结构；滤袋4-2内包裹有加水管9-3、吸液管5-3、电解阳极2-2并安置有传感器19-7和19-8，滤袋4-4内包裹有加水管9-4、吸液管5-4、电解阴极3-2并安置有传感器19-10和19-11，上述吸液管与电极采用图1所示的一体式结构，吸液管的吸液口则在对应的滤袋中、对应的电解电极旁边；所述的滤袋4-3还安装有两个振动器6-5和6-6，所述的滤袋4-2还安装有两个振动器6-7和6-8，所述的电解槽1-2内滤袋以外的区 域安置有传感器19-9和19-12；电解槽1-2的槽外底部安装有两个超声波发生器13-2和13-3；
所述的电解槽1-1的出料口与固液分离器7-1通过设有阀门22-1和泵浦23-1的管道作连接；所述的电解槽1-2的出料口与固液分离器7-2通过设有阀门22-4和泵浦23-3的管道作连接；
所述的吸液管5-1～5-4分别通过流量控制阀门21-1、21-2、21-3、21-4后共同通过泵浦23-5与暂存槽18-4作管道连接；
暂存槽18-5的出液口通过设有阀门22-6和泵浦23-7的管道分别与加水管9-1～9-4连接，并另外通过设有阀门22-7的管道与电解槽1-1内滤袋以外的区域连接、通过设有阀门22-8的管道与暂存槽18-2连接、通过管道与电解槽1-2内滤袋以外的区域连接。
所述的电解阳极2-1为钛基涂层电极，电解阳极2-2为钛基镀铂材料，电解阴极3-1为铜板，电解阴极3-2材料为镍。
所述的振动器6-1～6-10均为气动式振动器。
所述的固液分离器7-1为压滤机，固液分离器7-2为离心机，固液分离器7-3为过滤机。固液分离器7-1和固液分离器7-2分别与暂存槽18-4作管道连接，固液分离器7-3分别与暂存槽18-4和离子树脂纯水设备11作管道连接。
所述的研磨粉碎机12通过固体粉末输送管40与电解槽1连接，用于破碎被洗涤物质24。所述的超声波发生器13-2和13-3用于进一步破碎和清洗被洗涤物质24。
所述的离子树脂纯水设备11用于处理洗涤废液39，制出少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液回投使用。离子树脂纯水设备11的出液口与暂存槽18-5作管道连接。
所述的暂存槽18-2设有超声波发生器13-1，用于将被洗涤物质24-3与水的搅拌混合，其通过设有阀门22-3和泵浦23-2的管道与电解槽1-2内滤袋以外的空间连接。
所述的废气处理槽33用于处理电解槽1-1阳极逸出的氯气，其通过管道与电解槽1-1的滤袋定型框8-1作连接。
所述的传感器19-1、19-3、19-5、19-7、19-9、19-11、19-13均为电导率仪， 传感器19-2、19-4、19-6、19-8、19-10、19-12均为液位计。所述的逻辑程序控制器20分别与各传感器、电解电源、控制吸液管的阀门和/或泵浦、控制加水管的阀门和/或泵浦、振动器、其他泵浦作电性连接，过程中将各传感器的现场检测数据传送到逻辑程序自动控制器20中处理，使装置按预编程序作安全生产运行。
本实施例的被洗涤物质24为氧化铜，其所含的可溶杂质为氯化钠。初始加投的洗涤液26为工业纯水，主要用于清洗氯离子，使氧化铜产品的氯离子含量达到≤30mg/kg的高标准要求。
本实施例去除可溶杂质的方法，包括以下步骤：
1.采用图6所示的装置，合上装置的电源使逻辑程序控制器20(PLC)进入工作状态，将现场各传感器传送来的数据作处理，输出指令使装置按预编程序运行；
2.将被洗涤物质氧化铜粒状粗品24-1投进研磨粉碎机12中作粉碎，制得被洗涤物质氧化铜粉末，将其与洗涤液26一起投入到电解槽1-1中混和形成固液混合物，可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子，并使滤袋4-1和4-2中分别浸透入洗涤液。
3.接通电解电源10-1和开启液流搅拌器17-1进行富集杂质离子的工作；作业过程中，逻辑程序控制器20根据时间按工艺设计间隔重复地进行吸液管抽排富集了杂质离子的洗涤液和加水管补充少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液的动作；
具体为，吸液管5-1和5-2对应的流量控制阀21-1和21-2分别执行逻辑程序控制器20发出的指令，依程序根据传感器19-2和19-4两个液位计来控制泵浦23-5作抽排滤袋4-1和4-2中的溶液，4-1和4-2滤袋上的各三个振动器根据逻辑程序控制器20发出的指令作启动；当传感器19-2和19-4两个液位计达到低点时，逻辑程序控制器20发出指令关停泵浦23-5的抽排，启动泵浦23-7分别通过加水管9-1和9-2向滤袋4-1和4-2中投入少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26，使滤袋4-1和4-2内的液位高于电解槽1-1滤袋外空间的液位，令滤袋4-1和4-2内的溶液压渗出外并将粘附在滤袋上的固体物挤跌离开滤袋4-1和4-2，减少滤袋孔洞堵塞； 随后，逻辑程序控制器20根据时间关停泵浦23-7并再次启动泵浦23-5；
4.当电解槽1-1内传感器19-1、19-3、19-5三个电导率仪测得的数值均小于等于工艺设定值20μs/cm，则为完成电解槽1-1的电离除杂工序；关停电解槽1-1的作业，打开阀门22-1和开启泵浦23-1将电解槽1-1中的固液混合物通过压滤机7-1作固液分离，得到滤渣为被洗涤物质24-3，滤液为洗涤废液39并被引流到暂存槽18-4中；
5.将被洗涤物质24-3投入设有超声波发生器的暂存槽18-2中与少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26混合共振，使氧化铜颗粒进一步碎化成为被洗涤物质24-4并与洗涤液26混和形成固液混合物，可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子；然后进行第二次电离除杂，其作业程序与在电解槽1-1中的电离除杂工序相同，且超声波发生器13-2和13-3按逻辑程序控制器20指令进行工作。
6.当传感器19-7、19-9、19-11三个电导率仪的数值达到工艺设定值10μs/cm时则为完成电解槽1-2的电离除杂工序；关停电解槽1-2的作业，打开阀门22-4和开启泵浦23-3对电解槽1-2中的固液混合物作固液分离，得到滤渣为洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质27，也即氧化铜粉，滤液为洗涤废液39。
7.对暂存槽18-4中的洗涤废液39通过离子树脂纯水设备11作处理，经其内的传感器19-13进行电导率检测合格后，将其制得的少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液暂存放在暂存槽18-3中并按程序作循环使用。
以上电离除杂工序前后的工艺数据列于表1中。
实施例5
如图7所示，为本发明实施例5去除可溶杂质的装置，其包括电解槽1、电解阳极2、电解阴极3、两个滤袋4-1和4-2、两条吸液管5-1和5-2、两个振动器6-1和6-2、两个滤袋定型框8-1和8-2、两个泵浦23-1和23-2、滤袋升降器42。
所述的电解槽1中设置有电解阳极2、电解阴极3，电解阳极2与电解电源10的正极连接，电解阴极3与电解电源10的负极连接；所述的滤袋定型框8-1和8-2为框架结构，分别将所述滤袋4-1和4-2固定在其内部，使两个滤袋底部完全离开电解槽1的底表面；滤袋4-1内包裹有吸液管5-1和电解阳极2，滤袋 4-2内安装有吸液管5-2和电解阴极3，吸液管的吸液口则在对应的滤袋中、对应的电解电极旁边；所述的吸液管5-1和吸液管5-2上分别设有计量泵23-2和计量泵23-3。
所述电解阳极的材料为钛基涂层电极，电解阴极的材料为钛。
所述的两个振动器6-1和6-2为气动式振动器，分别固定安装于滤袋4-1和滤袋4-2上。
本实施例的被洗涤物质24为草酸铜，其所含的可溶杂质25为氯化钠和铁化合物，杂质浓度为1％。采用的洗涤液26为酸溶液，具体为盐酸和硫酸的水溶液，利用其酸度使杂质铁化合物中的铁以离子形式存在于洗涤液中。
本实施例一种去除可溶杂质的方法，包括以下步骤：
1.采用图7所示的装置，往电解槽1加投洗涤液和被洗涤物质形成固液混合物，可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子；
2.接通电解电源10进行工作，使洗涤液28中的杂质离子中的氯离子受电场力作用迁移进滤袋4-1中，杂质离子中的钠离子和铁离子受电场力作用迁移进滤袋4-2中；启动计量泵23-1使用吸液管5-1将滤袋4-1中含较浓的氯离子溶液外吸排走，启动计量泵23-2使用吸液管5-2将滤袋4-1中含较浓钠离子和铁离子的溶液外吸排走；启动振动器6-1和6-2将粘附在滤袋上的固体粉粒被洗涤物质振落；
3.作业过程中间歇地启动滤袋升降器42提升滤袋4-1和4-2并对电解槽1中的固液混合物作搅拌，并根据液位补充投入少含或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液26到电解槽1中；
4.取样电解槽1中的洗涤液28作检验，以其杂质离子浓度减少到溶液电导率≤1200μs/cm的工艺标准值以下后则为完成电离除杂工序，关停电解电源、振动器和吸液管上的计量泵。
5.将电解槽1的固液混合物抽出作固液分离，得到滤渣为洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质27、滤液洗涤废液39。
以上电离除杂作业前后的工艺数据列于表1中。
比较例1
本比较例的被洗涤物质与实施例2相同，为含有硫酸钠杂质的氢氧化亚 铁。
采用清水作为洗涤液来对上述化学品进行漂洗来将夹杂在其中的可溶杂质去除。每次漂洗后采用固液分离设备去除含有杂质的洗涤水，然后换水重复漂洗步骤直至被洗涤物质与洗涤液充分混合搅拌后所得溶液其杂质离子浓度低于设定的工艺标准0.3克/升。
本比较例中每轮漂洗所使用的洗涤液按重量计为被洗涤物质的4倍；漂洗重复了5轮，合计共20倍。本比较例作业全程共用时间8小时。
比较例2
本比较例采用申请人在申请号202310528764.7的中国专利申请中提出的一种从不溶于水的化合物中分离电解质杂质的方法对被洗涤物质进行清洗。本比较例的被洗涤物质与实施例2相同，为含有硫酸钠杂质的氢氧化亚铁。
如图8所示，本比较例采用电解槽1，其中设有电解阳极2和电解阴极3，且分别与电解电源10的正极和负极连接；在电解阳极2和电解阴极3之间且通电时电场线经过的区域，以分隔物围蔽出清洗槽区43，分隔物为能装载被洗涤物质的滤布袋；电解槽1内电解阳极所处区域和电解阴极所处区域直接连通，形成两极共用槽区；电解阳极2的材料为铂，电解阴极3的材料为不锈钢。
具体从不溶于水的氢氧化亚铁中分离硫酸钠电解质杂质的步骤如下：
1.将装有被洗涤物质的滤布袋放置于电解槽内电解阳极与电解阴极之间位置，形成清洗槽区；
2.向滤布袋中加投清水作为洗涤液，洗涤液从滤布袋中渗出到电解槽的两极共用槽区中，使电解阳极和电解阴极以及被洗涤物质浸于洗涤液中；
3.开启电解电源进行电解作业，杂质离子受电场力作用被拉出到滤布袋外的洗涤液中，并分别向电解阴极和电解阳极靠近，使滤布袋内的可溶杂质减少。
4.直至洗涤液中杂质离子浓度低于设定的工艺标准0.3克/升，完成电离除杂工序并将装有被洗涤物质的滤布袋取出电解槽外，收取洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质。
其中，本比较例在整个作业过程中所使用的洗涤液按重量计为被洗涤物质的8倍。并且在电离除杂工序后期电解槽内洗涤液杂质量的下降速度明显低于实施例2，完成电离除杂作业后发现滤布袋上沾满被洗涤物质、其孔洞被堵塞。本比较例全程共用时间10小时。
表1电离除杂前后的工艺数据对比
其中，洗涤液中的杂质量可以采用比色法、电导率检测、常规化学检测法中的任意一种或一种以上的方式进行确认。
另外，实施例4中完成洗涤除杂工序后采用常规化学检测法检测洗涤提纯后的被洗涤物质即氧化铜产品中的氯离子含量，结果为24mg/L，达到产品要求。证实可以通过检测洗涤液电导率的数值间接判定是否完成清洗除杂。
通过实施例2、比较例1和比较例2的对比，对于洗涤相同量的被洗涤物质，本发明的方法所需洗涤液的量最少。即使洗涤废液可以通过离子树脂纯水装置作去离子处理并循环再用，本发明较少的洗涤液量也可以大大节省固液分离和去离子处理所需的时间，显著提升洗涤效率。

Claims (26)

  1. 一种去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)建立一个电解槽，电解槽中的至少一个电极被滤袋包裹，所述滤袋的底部至少部分离开电解槽底表面，所述的电极为电解阳极和/或电解阴极；
    在电解槽中电解阳极与电解电源的正极连接，电解阴极与电解电源的负极连接；
    设置可使所述滤袋振动的振动器，以及连通至电解槽外的吸液管，所述吸液管的吸液口设在所述的滤袋内且每个滤袋内至少有一个吸液口；
    (2)令电解槽中滤袋以外的区域装有洗涤液和带有可溶杂质的固体被洗涤物质，形成固液混合物，使可溶杂质溶于洗涤液中形成杂质离子，并使所述电解阳极和电解阴极浸置入洗涤液；
    (3)开启电解电源进行电离杂质离子的作业，将聚集在电极附近的杂质离子通过吸液管抽取溶液作外排和/或通过电解成为气体作电析除去；振动器连续或者间歇式启动，振脱粘附外挂在滤袋上的被洗涤物质；
    (4)当电解槽内的洗涤液中杂质离子浓度达到或者低于工艺要求设定的浓度标准则完成被洗涤物质除杂工序，然后将电解槽内的固体物通过固液分离取出，得到洗涤提纯后的产品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述的滤袋的材料不溶于被洗涤物质和洗涤液所组成的固液混合物，并且其至少一面的材料能有效阻挡固体被洗涤物质进入滤袋内但又能允许水和离子通过；
    所述的被洗涤物质为不溶或者微溶于洗涤液的固体物质且带有可溶于洗涤液的杂质；
    所使用的洗涤液为自来水、纯水、酸溶液中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，所述的滤袋的材料选用滤布、滤板、滤网中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，在电离除杂作业期间，将部分富集杂质离子的洗涤液通过所述的吸液管从电解槽中抽吸走，并向电解槽中补充含有较少或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，向所述的滤袋内补充含有较少或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液，或者分别向所述的滤袋内和电解槽内滤袋以外的空间补充含有较少或者不含上述杂质离子的洗涤液。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，在向电解槽加投补充含有较少或者不含所述杂质离子的洗涤液时或者加投操作完成后，开启振动器将粘附在滤袋上的固体物振落。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，向电解槽中补充含有较少或者不含所述杂质离子的洗涤液时，使所述滤袋内的液位高于滤袋外的液位，或者通过在滤袋内采用较快的入液流量来增大滤袋内的水压，使滤袋内的液体从内向外渗出，结合振动器的振动将粘附在滤袋上的固体通过外挤使其跌离袋外，加快滤袋过滤孔洞恢复过滤功能。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，采用离子交换树脂纯水设备，对电离除杂作业过程中抽排出来的洗涤液或者作业完成后得到的富含杂质离子的洗涤废液作杂质离子的去除处理，制得含有较少或者不含杂质离子的洗涤液，然后循环加投至电解槽中再次使用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，在进行电离除杂作业前，对固体状态的被洗涤物质进行机械研磨粉碎或超声波撞击破碎。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，在滤袋外的至少一个电极上和/或该电极附近增加设置吸液管，并采用较慢的吸液速度或者较低的吸液频率，和/或待被洗涤物质静置沉降后再进行吸液。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，在电解槽中滤袋外的空间区域使用搅拌器对被洗涤物质和洗涤液的固液混合物进行搅拌，以加速被洗涤物质中的可溶杂质离开被洗涤物质并溶入洗涤液中。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，采用搅拌器间歇式地对被洗涤物质和洗涤液的固液混合物作搅拌，每次搅拌时关停电解电源且搅拌停止后待其中的固体物部分或者完全沉降才开启电解电源作电离除杂。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，采用搅拌器进行搅拌时将电极和滤袋局部或者全部提升离开液面，给予被洗涤物质和洗涤液形成的固液混合物更大的搅拌空间。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，采用冷热温度交换器对电解槽中的洗涤液进行加热。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的去除可溶杂质的方法，其特征在于，采用电解液分解电压值以上的电解电压进行电离除杂作业。
  16. 一种采用权利要求1所述方法实施去除可溶杂质的装置，其特征在于，包括：电解槽、电解阳极、电解阴极和电解电源，其中：
    在所述的电解槽中设置电解阳极、电解阴极，电解阳极和电解阴极分别与电解电源的正极和负极连接；至少一个电解阳极和/或电解阴极被所述滤袋包裹；
    设置使所述滤袋振动的振动器，以及连通至电解槽外的吸液管；所述吸液管的吸液口设在所述的滤袋内，且每个滤袋内至少有一个吸液口。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电解槽的材料采用高分子树脂材料，和/或涂有或者包裹有防腐绝缘材料的金属；
    所述的电解阳极为不溶性阳极，其与洗涤液接触的表面材料为选自金、铂、钛基涂层、导电石墨、钛、镍中的一种或一种以上；所述的电解阴极为不溶性阴极，其与洗涤液接触的表面材料为选自金、铂、钛、镍、银、铜、包含上述至少一种金属的合金、不锈钢和导电石墨中的一种或一种以上。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的吸液管与电极安装结合为一体，或者将电极与吸液管各为独立的结构形式放置入滤袋中。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述振动器为电动式振动器和/或气动式电动器；所述的振动器紧贴在滤袋上或者固定在与滤袋接触的固定部件上。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，增设固液分离器，所述的电解槽与固液分离器通过管道和泵浦作连接。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，增设暂存槽，用于暂存物料和清水，或用于洗涤和浸润物质使用；其与所述装置中至少一个容器或者设备通过管道作连接；
    增设离子交换树脂纯水设备，所述离子交换树脂纯水设备与所述装置中的至少一个容器或者设备作管道连接。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，增设机械研磨粉碎机和/或超声波发生器，用于破碎固体状态的被洗涤物质；所述的超声波发生器安装在电解槽或者用于被洗涤物质破碎的暂存槽处。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述滤袋增设滤袋定型框；所述的滤袋定型框为由不溶于洗涤液的硬质材料制成的框架或者箱框。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，增设加投水管，用于向所述的滤袋内和/或电解槽内滤袋以外的空间补充含有较少或者不含上述杂质离子的洗涤液。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的装置，其特征在于，在滤袋定型框上增设抽排气管，使从滤袋中逸出的废气得到收集处理。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述的电解槽底部采用漏斗型结构。
PCT/CN2024/113666 2023-08-21 2024-08-21 一种去除可溶杂质的方法及其装置 Pending WO2025040120A1 (zh)

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JPH0899001A (ja) * 1994-09-29 1996-04-16 Yoichi Sakuta 生物体に含まれる重金属を除去する方法及びその装置
JP2003088871A (ja) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-25 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 窒素処理方法
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