WO2025035692A1 - 页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统 - Google Patents

页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025035692A1
WO2025035692A1 PCT/CN2024/070539 CN2024070539W WO2025035692A1 WO 2025035692 A1 WO2025035692 A1 WO 2025035692A1 CN 2024070539 W CN2024070539 W CN 2024070539W WO 2025035692 A1 WO2025035692 A1 WO 2025035692A1
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Prior art keywords
well
magnetic
wells
shale oil
heating
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PCT/CN2024/070539
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁光杰
车阳
乔磊
任宪可
杜卫强
张吉喆
林盛杰
王辰龙
刘天恩
蓝海峰
庞宇晗
巩永丰
王金忠
何军
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Cnpc Engineering Technology R & D Co Ltd
China National Petroleum Corp
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
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Cnpc Engineering Technology R & D Co Ltd
China National Petroleum Corp
CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2025035692A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025035692A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of oil and gas exploration and production, and in particular to a shale oil in-situ well construction method, a deviation magnetic guidance system and a multi-wellbore anti-collision system.
  • the underground in-situ mining method is a mining method suitable for shale oil resources buried deep. It means that the shale oil buried underground is not mined by artificially heating the underground low-maturity shale oil reservoir, and the solid kerogen is cracked into oil and gas in situ, and then it is mined using corresponding technology.
  • This development method improves mining efficiency, reduces land occupation, and reduces the emission of hydrogen sulfide pollutants. It is an efficient, environmentally friendly and economical shale oil development model.
  • the current shale oil in-situ mining technology has problems such as long heating cycle, high heat loss, environmental damage, and low energy utilization. Due to development needs, the spacing between wells and the error rate of wellbore trajectories must be strictly controlled, and the underground mining scale and heating efficiency also need to be guaranteed.
  • the anti-collision scanning method in the prior art is to obtain the spatial coordinates at a specified well depth by interpolating the well inclination and azimuth data measured by the inclinometer, analyze the error ellipse of the instrument based on the calibrated instrument error, and calculate the separation coefficient and center distance to analyze the distance between the two wells.
  • the utilization rate is not high for situations where the distance is short and the well depth is long.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a shale oil in-situ well construction method, a deviation magnetic guidance system and a multi-wellbore anti-collision system.
  • the magnetic ranging technology is used in conjunction with the ground excitation coil to ensure the distance between the heating well, the production well and the observation well, and the geological guidance technology is combined to adjust the borehole trajectory of each type of well to improve the drilling accuracy.
  • a heating well, a production well and an observation well are used to form a unit well.
  • the shale oil in-situ well construction method provided in the present application specifically comprises: arranging a ground excitation coil on the ground of the corresponding area according to the location information of the shale oil heating area, and constructing a magnetic signal through the ground excitation coil.
  • the invention discloses a method for constructing a horizontal edge well at the upper and lower boundaries of the shale oil reservoir by using the geological guidance technology, and constructing a vertical well penetrating the shale oil reservoir in the corresponding area according to the location information of the shale oil heating area; constructing a standard horizontal well according to the vertical well by using the deviation magnetic guidance technology, and constructing a production well and a plurality of heating wells according to the standard horizontal well by using the dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as the reference; wherein the production well and the heating well are three-dimensionally distributed in parallel in the formation and do not intersect each other; and obtaining the well network deployment of the unit well according to the production well and the heating well.
  • constructing a production well and a heating well respectively according to the standard horizontal well through the dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as the reference comprising: measuring the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic beacon at the measuring point through the magnetic sensor array in the drilling tool to obtain a detection signal, and extracting the amplitude of the detection signal to obtain signal change data; calculating the rate of change of the magnetic field component in the corresponding direction according to the signal change data, and using the three-dimensional Newton gradient descent method to solve the magnetic field size of the AC coil to obtain the position coordinates of the measuring point relative to the magnetic beacon; and controlling the wellbore trajectory of the drilling according to the position coordinates to construct the production well and the heating well.
  • extracting the amplitude of the detection signal to obtain signal change data includes: extracting the amplitude of the detection signal to obtain signal change data through an orthogonal detection algorithm or a matched filtering algorithm.
  • constructing a standard horizontal well based on the vertical well by using the deviation magnetic guidance technology includes: calculating the position parameters of the horizontal well by using the vertical well as a reference coordinate, adjusting the wellbore trajectory of the standard horizontal well at a preset key node according to the position parameters; and constructing a standard horizontal well according to the wellbore trajectory.
  • calculating the position parameters of the horizontal well by using the vertical well as a reference coordinate includes: placing a probe in the vertical well, and calculating the relative position of the horizontal well and the standard vertical well based on the magnetic field signal generated by the probe detected by the magnetic short section in the horizontal well; and obtaining the position parameters of the horizontal well based on the relative position analysis.
  • a plurality of the heating distributions are located at the intersections of a regular hexagon to heat the production well located at the center of the regular hexagon.
  • constructing a production well and multiple heating wells separately according to the standard horizontal well through dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as a reference also includes: adjusting the wellbore trajectory of the production well and multiple heating wells during the construction process through a rotary steering tool RSS.
  • constructing production wells and multiple heating wells separately according to the standard horizontal well through dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as the reference also includes: injecting high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the surrounding formations through the linear electrodes of the downhole tool string, so that the metal casing in the adjacent wells gathers downward current and generates a magnetic field signal; obtaining the relative position of the current well and the adjacent well through signal separation calculation based on the electromagnetic signal collected by the probe in the adjacent well; and adjusting the wellbore trajectory of the current well according to the relative position.
  • obtaining the relative position of the current well and the adjacent wells through signal separation calculation based on the electromagnetic signals collected by the probes in the adjacent wells includes: performing cluster analysis on the electromagnetic signals to obtain cluster data; constructing a mixing matrix based on the cluster data, and solving linear programming through the mixing matrix to obtain trial data; obtaining multiple source signals through transform domain separation based on the trial data, and obtaining the relative position of the current well and the adjacent wells by performing wavelet transform on the source signals.
  • the present application also provides a deviated magnetic guidance system suitable for the shale oil in-situ well construction method, the system comprises a measuring probe, a discharge electrode, a magnetic short joint and a data acquisition device; the magnetic short joint is arranged at the drill bit position of the horizontal well, and is used to generate a magnetic signal; the discharge electrode and the measuring probe are placed at the bottom of the vertical well through a cable; wherein the discharge electrode is used to discharge to the formation, triggering the drill string in a preset area to generate a magnetic signal; the measuring probe is used to collect magnetic signals in a preset area; the data acquisition device is connected to the measuring probe, and is used to calculate the relative position of the horizontal well and the standard vertical well based on the collected magnetic signals.
  • the present application also provides a multi-wellbore anti-collision system suitable for the shale oil in-situ well construction method, the system comprising a probe, an insulating tape, an electromagnetic wave transmitter and a data processing device; the probe is lowered to the bottom of the current well and is connected to the electromagnetic wave transmitter through the insulating tape; the electromagnetic wave transmitter is used to inject high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the surrounding formations according to control instructions, so that the metal casing in the adjacent well gathers downward current and generates a magnetic field signal; the probe provides the collected electromagnetic signals of the adjacent wells to the data processing device; the data processing device obtains the relative position of the current well and the adjacent well through signal separation calculation based on the electromagnetic signal.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above method when executing the computer program.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the above method.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program/instruction, which implements the steps of the above method when executed by a processor.
  • Magnetic ranging technology is used to establish a "U"-shaped connection between vertical wells and horizontal wells in the shale oil reservoir, and a deviation magnetic guidance system solution is designed to improve the drilling accuracy.
  • the vertical well detection can effectively avoid the collision of horizontal wells, which plays a navigation role;
  • the cooperation of magnetic ranging technology and ground excitation coils is used to ensure the drilling accuracy of multiple horizontal wells, reduce the possibility of collision between horizontal wells, and is conducive to the deployment of unit well networks;
  • the ground coil used has good portability and is easy to lay quickly; and the coil energy intensity can be adjusted according to the depth and complexity of the operation, and it has strong adaptability;
  • On the basis of the good deployment of the unit well network multiple unit wells are established to form an underground factory, which expands the heating scale of the shale oil reservoir and improves (5) Through signal separation, multiple adjacent wellbores can be identified simultaneously, thereby improving the drilling efficiency of complex well structures.
  • FIG1A is a schematic diagram of a process of an in-situ well construction method for shale oil provided in one embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG1B is a schematic diagram of well construction in a shale oil development well factory provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG1C is a schematic diagram of the principle of a ground rectangular coil guide system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a production well and a heating well construction process provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG3A is a schematic diagram of a construction process of a standard horizontal well provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3B is a schematic diagram of the construction of a unit well provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a construction process of a production well and a plurality of heating wells provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG5A is a schematic diagram of a process for obtaining the relative positions of a current well and an adjacent well provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG5B is a schematic diagram of laminar current provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a deviated magnetic guidance system provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-wellbore anti-collision system provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the shale oil in-situ well construction method provided in this application specifically includes:
  • S101 arranges a ground excitation coil on the ground of a corresponding area according to the location information of the shale oil heating area, and constructs a magnetic beacon through the ground excitation coil;
  • S102 uses geosteering technology to construct horizontal edge wells at the upper and lower boundaries of the shale oil reservoir, and constructs vertical wells that penetrate the shale oil reservoir in the corresponding area according to the location information of the shale oil heating area;
  • S103 constructs a standard horizontal well according to the vertical well by using a deviation magnetic guidance technology, and constructs a production well and a plurality of heating wells according to the standard horizontal well by using a dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as a reference; wherein the production well and the heating well are three-dimensionally distributed in parallel in the formation and do not intersect each other;
  • S104 obtains the well network deployment of the unit well according to the production well and the heating well.
  • the reservoir range of shale oil can be delineated in actual work, and the drilled heating wells and production wells are all located within the reservoir, wherein the shale oil reservoir boundary 1, that is, the lower and upper boundaries are low-mature shale oil areas.
  • At least two edge wells 2 are drilled on the reservoir boundary using geosteering technology.
  • the edge wells are horizontal wells on the reservoir boundary.
  • the geosteering technology enables the edge wells to reach the reservoir boundary more accurately and control the wellbore trajectory to extend on the reservoir boundary.
  • the edge wells are mainly used to regulate the vertical depths of the heating wells and production wells to prevent them from drilling through the shale oil reservoir and reduce unnecessary engineering losses.
  • magnetic ranging technology is used to complete the drilling process of various wells, including heating wells, production wells, and observation wells (which can be standard horizontal wells).
  • a unit well network is composed of heating wells, production wells, and observation wells, and multiple unit wells form a large underground factory, which expands the heating range of the shale oil reservoir and improves the mining and production efficiency.
  • FIG. 1C Please refer to FIG. 1C , in which the ground rectangular coil 1 and the ground power supply 2 constitute a magnetic beacon, and the measuring probe 5 and the signal transmission short section 4 in the horizontal well 3 are arranged on the drill bit 6 to measure the magnetic beacon on the ground, thereby determining the current drill bit position.
  • the production well and the heating well are constructed respectively by using the dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as the reference, including:
  • S201 measures the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic beacon at the measuring point through the magnetic sensor array in the drilling tool to obtain a detection signal, and extracts the amplitude of the detection signal to obtain signal change data;
  • S202 calculating the rate of change of the magnetic field component in the corresponding direction according to the signal change data, and using the three-dimensional Newton gradient descent method to solve the magnetic field size of the AC coil to obtain the position coordinates of the measuring point relative to the magnetic beacon;
  • S203 controls the wellbore trajectory of the drilling according to the position coordinates to construct the production well and the heating well.
  • the step of extracting the amplitude of the detection signal to obtain the signal change data includes: extracting the amplitude of the detection signal to obtain the signal change data by using an orthogonal detection algorithm or a matched filtering algorithm.
  • the above embodiment mainly adopts a rectangular wire arranged on the ground as a magnetic beacon, measures the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic beacon at the measuring point through the magnetic sensor array in the drilling tool, extracts the amplitude of the signal by using the orthogonal detection algorithm and the matched filter algorithm, and calculates the rate of change of the magnetic field component in the corresponding direction, and adopts the three-dimensional Newton gradient descent method.
  • the method is used to solve the magnetic field size of the AC coil, and the position coordinates of the measuring point relative to the magnetic beacon are obtained, and finally the precise control of the borehole trajectory is achieved.
  • trenchless engineering technology is used when drilling the horizontal section of a horizontal well.
  • a rectangular wire is arranged on the ground as a magnetic beacon, and the magnetic field distribution of the magnetic beacon at the measuring point is measured by the magnetic sensor array in the drilling tool.
  • the amplitude of the signal is extracted by the orthogonal detection algorithm and the matched filter algorithm, and the rate of change of the magnetic field component in the corresponding direction is calculated.
  • the three-dimensional Newton gradient descent method is used to solve the magnetic field size of the AC coil and the cross magnetic target, and the position coordinates of the measuring point relative to the magnetic beacon are obtained, and finally the precise control of the borehole trajectory is achieved.
  • constructing a standard horizontal well by using the deviation magnetic guidance technology according to the vertical well includes:
  • S301 calculates the position parameters of the horizontal well by using the vertical well as a reference coordinate, and adjusts the wellbore trajectory of the standard horizontal well at a preset key node according to the position parameters;
  • S302 constructs a standard horizontal well according to the wellbore trajectory.
  • calculating the position parameters of the horizontal well by using the vertical well as a reference coordinate may include: placing a probe in the vertical well, and calculating the relative position of the horizontal well and the standard vertical well based on the magnetic field signal generated by the probe detected by the magnetic short section in the horizontal well; and obtaining the position parameters of the horizontal well based on the relative position analysis.
  • a vertical well is drilled every 5 to 6 meters above the horizontal section of the standard well.
  • the vertical well 3 must penetrate the entire shale oil reservoir in vertical depth to prepare for later use as a monitoring of formation temperature.
  • the standard well is a long horizontal well, and the horizontal section must be located inside the boundary of the shale oil reservoir.
  • the "U" type needle penetration technology is used.
  • a probe pipe When drilling the horizontal section of the standard well, a probe pipe is lowered into the vertical well, and the probe pipe 7 is set in the vertical well 3; in the standard well, a magnetic short section 8 is connected to the drill bit; the magnetic field signal is used to locate the drill bit, and the relative position of the horizontal well and the vertical well 3 is calculated in turn, and the parameters such as the well inclination and azimuth of the horizontal well are analyzed to control the extension of the wellbore according to the designed trajectory. For key points (such as monitoring points, landing points, and target points), the "U" type needle penetration magnetic ranging technology is used. Based on the vertical well, a standard well is drilled in the shale oil reservoir, and a probe is placed in the horizontal section of the drilled standard well.
  • magnetic ranging technology is used to drill another horizontal well with the standard well as a reference.
  • magnetic signals are collected and analyzed in real time to calculate the relative positions of the two wells, and then the wellbore trajectory is adjusted in real time to improve drilling accuracy.
  • the plurality of heating distributions are at the intersection of a regular hexagon, and the production well at the center of the regular hexagon is heated. Further, according to the standard horizontal well, the production well and the plurality of heating wells are constructed respectively by using the dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as a reference, and further includes: adjusting the wellbore trajectory of the production well and the plurality of heating wells during the construction process by using the rotary steering tool RSS.
  • a unit well is composed of 6 heating wells and 1 production well, wherein the formations 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 are layers of different planes.
  • the well pattern is located in the shale oil reservoir, wherein the edge well 2, the heating well 4, and the production well 5 constitute the unit well.
  • the double horizontal well magnetic ranging technology is used to continue the drilling of the remaining horizontal wells.
  • a horizontal well that has been drilled closest to the current well is selected as the reference well, a probe is placed in the reference well, a strong magnetic short joint is connected to the drilling bit, the magnetic signal is calculated and analyzed in real time, and the wellbore trajectory is adjusted, thereby improving the drilling accuracy and reducing the collision between multiple horizontal wells with small spacing.
  • the optional rotary steering tool RSS Rotary Steerable System
  • a complete unit well pattern is a regular hexagon 6.
  • the heating wells are evenly distributed at the intersection of the regular hexagon to heat the entire unit area; the production wells are located at the center of the regular hexagon to produce liquid hydrocarbons converted from kerogen by heating; the heating wells and production wells are distributed in three-dimensional parallel in the formation and do not intersect each other.
  • the shale oil in-situ well construction method mainly includes the following five steps in the implementation process:
  • the production well and the plurality of heating wells are constructed respectively by using the dual horizontal well magnetic ranging technology with the magnetic beacon as a reference, further comprising:
  • S401 injects high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the surrounding formations through the linear electrodes of the downhole tool string, causing the metal casing in the adjacent well to gather downward current and generate magnetic field signals;
  • S402 obtains the relative position of the current well and the adjacent well by signal separation calculation based on the electromagnetic signal collected by the probe in the adjacent well;
  • S403 adjusts the wellbore trajectory of the current well according to the relative position.
  • the relative position of the current well and the adjacent well is obtained by signal separation and calculation based on the electromagnetic signal collected by the probe in the adjacent well, including:
  • S501 performing cluster analysis on the electromagnetic signal to obtain cluster data
  • S502 constructs a mixing matrix according to the clustering data, and obtains trial calculation data by solving linear programming through the mixing matrix;
  • S503 obtains a plurality of source signals by transform domain separation according to the trial calculation data, and performs wavelet transform on the source signals to obtain the relative position of the current well and the adjacent wells.
  • the above adjustment process is mainly applicable to multi-wellbore collision prevention, and its specific implementation process may include the following steps:
  • the ground industrial computer controls the linear electrodes of the downhole tool string to inject high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the surrounding formations
  • the signal separation process of step 5 is: cluster analysis of mixed signals; estimate the mixing matrix; solve the linear programming by trial calculation; separate multiple source signals in the transform domain; and restore multiple source signals by wavelet transform.
  • the above process is used as follows:
  • the casing of the adjacent well, the linear electrode and the casing of the current well are divided into sufficiently small segments.
  • these micro-segments can be regarded as point current sources, as shown in Figure 5B.
  • t is the depth from the point source to the ground, m; hi is the interface depth of the i-th formation, m; ⁇ i is the conductivity of the i-th formation, S/m.
  • the Green's function of the i-th formation source point and the j-th formation field point is:
  • a k , b k , c k , and d k in formula (4) and formula (5) can be obtained, where T is the number of terms between 3 and 6.
  • the adjacent well casing, linear electrode and current well casing are divided into H section, J section and K section respectively.
  • V is the potential generated by the nth micro-segment on the mth micro-segment
  • R mn is the impedance between the nth micro-segment and the mth micro-segment
  • A is the current on the nth micro-segment
  • the potential of all micro-segments gathered on the mth micro-segment is:
  • R mn When the nth micro-segment and the mth micro-segment are located in the same stratum, by combining formula (6) and formula (9), R mn can be calculated as:
  • R mn When the nth micro-segment is located in a different stratum than the mth micro-segment, by combining formula (6) and formula (9), R mn can be calculated as:
  • Ig is the power supply output current
  • ones(J,1), ones(1,J), zeros(J,1), zeros(1,J), ones(K,1), ones(1,K), zeros(K,1), and zeros(1,K) in formula (14) have the same format as formulas (17) to (20).
  • the electromagnetic signal detected by the probe is the sum of the magnetic induction intensity generated by the current on the casing of the adjacent well and the current well. According to Biot-Savart's law:
  • the relative position of the current well and the adjacent wells can be calculated based on the electromagnetic signal detected by the probe.
  • the present application also provides a deviated magnetic guidance system suitable for the shale oil in-situ well construction method, the system comprises a measuring probe, a discharge electrode, a magnetic short joint and a data acquisition device; the magnetic short joint is arranged at the drill bit position of the horizontal well, and is used to generate a magnetic signal; the discharge electrode and the measuring probe are placed at the bottom of the vertical well through a cable; wherein the discharge electrode is used to discharge to the formation, triggering the drill string in a preset area to generate a magnetic signal; the measuring probe is used to collect magnetic signals in a preset area; the data acquisition device is connected to the measuring probe, and is used to calculate the relative position of the horizontal well and the standard vertical well based on the collected magnetic signals.
  • the deviated magnetic guidance system consists of a target well 1, a logging cable 2, a discharge electrode 3, a measuring probe 4, a drill bit 5, a magnetic short section 6, a screw drill 7, a drill string 8, a drilling well 9, a data acquisition system 10, and a power supply 11.
  • the logging cable 2, the discharge electrode 3, the measuring probe 4, the data acquisition system 10 and the power supply 11 form a passive magnetic guidance system.
  • the measuring probe 4 is located at the bottom of the target well.
  • the discharge electrode 3 can be connected to the formation through the logging cable 2 and the power supply 11.
  • the current encounters the drill string to generate a magnetic signal.
  • the measuring probe 4 captures the magnetic signal generated by the magnetic short section 6.
  • the magnetic detection accuracy error can be controlled within 1%, and the closest distance between the vertical well and the horizontal well can be controlled to the centimeter level.
  • the horizontal well network is laid out, the collision of horizontal wells can be effectively avoided through vertical well detection, which plays a navigation role.
  • a thermos bottle structure is added inside the measuring probe 4, so that the temperature resistance level of the core part of the measurement system is increased from 125°C to above 200°C.
  • the present application also provides a multi-wellbore anti-collision system suitable for the shale oil in-situ well construction method, the system comprising a probe, an insulating tape, an electromagnetic wave transmitter and a data processing device; the probe is lowered to the bottom of the current well and is connected to the electromagnetic wave transmitter through the insulating tape; the electromagnetic wave transmitter is used to inject high-frequency electromagnetic waves into the surrounding formations according to control instructions, so that the metal casing in the adjacent well gathers downward current and generates a magnetic field signal; the probe provides the collected electromagnetic signals of the adjacent wells to the data processing device; the data processing device obtains the relative position of the current well and the adjacent well through signal separation calculation based on the electromagnetic signal.
  • the multi-wellbore anti-collision system includes a probe tube 6 , an insulating tape 7 , an electromagnetic wave transmitter 8 , a seven-core cable 9 , an industrial computer 10 and a computer device 11 .
  • the downhole tool string is as follows from bottom to top: the probe 6 is lowered to the bottom of the drilling well 1, connected to the electromagnetic wave transmitter 8 through the insulating tape 7, and then leads to the seven-core cable 9, and the other end is connected to the industrial computer 10 through the standard interface, and the computer equipment 11 is connected to the industrial computer 10.
  • the specific implementation process is as follows: when the active well 1 is drilled to the anti-collision well section with the adjacent wells 3 and 5, the drilling tools in the active well 1 are taken out, and the downhole tool string connected by the seven-core cable 9 is placed in the active well 1.
  • the industrial computer 10 controls the electromagnetic wave transmitter 8 to inject electromagnetic waves 12 into the surrounding formations. Since the electromagnetic adsorption capacity of the metal casing far exceeds the formation, the electromagnetic wave 12 will gather to the metal casings 2 and 4 of the adjacent wells, forming upward and downward currents 13 and 15, thereby generating magnetic field signals 14 and 16.
  • the magnetic field signals 14 and 16 and the postures generated by the metal casings 2 and 4 of the adjacent wells collected by the probe 6 are transmitted to the industrial computer 10 and the computer device 11 through the communication channel of the seven-core cable 9.
  • the computer device 11 uses the multi-borehole anti-collision measurement method of the present invention to determine the relative positions of the active well 1 and the adjacent wells 3 and 5 respectively.
  • the computer device 11 can be any device with a program calculation function, including but not limited to: computers, mobile phones, tablet computers, microcomputers and other intelligent devices.
  • Magnetic ranging technology is used to establish a "U"-shaped connection between vertical wells and horizontal wells in shale oil reservoirs, and a deviation magnetic guidance system solution is designed to improve drilling accuracy.
  • vertical well detection can effectively avoid collisions between horizontal wells, which plays a navigation role
  • the use of magnetic ranging technology and ground excitation coils ensures the drilling accuracy of multiple horizontal wells, reduces the possibility of collisions between horizontal wells, and is conducive to the deployment of unit well networks
  • the ground coils used have good portability and are easy to lay quickly; and the coil energy intensity can be adjusted with the depth and complexity of the operation, and has strong adaptability;
  • On the basis of a good deployment of the unit well network multiple unit wells are established to form an underground factory, which expands the heating scale of the shale oil reservoir and improves the mining efficiency.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the above method when executing the computer program.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the above method.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program/instruction, which implements the steps of the above method when executed by a processor.
  • the electronic device 600 may further include: a communication module 110, an input unit 120, an audio processor 130, a display 160, and a power supply 170. It is worth noting that the electronic device 600 does not necessarily have to include FIG8 In addition, the electronic device 600 may further include components not shown in FIG. 8 , and reference may be made to the prior art.
  • the central processor 100 is sometimes also referred to as a controller or an operation control, and may include a microprocessor or other processor devices and/or logic devices.
  • the central processor 100 receives inputs and controls the operations of various components of the electronic device 600 .
  • the memory 140 may be, for example, one or more of a cache, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable medium, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory or other suitable devices.
  • the above-mentioned information related to the failure may be stored, and a program for executing the relevant information may also be stored.
  • the CPU 100 may execute the program stored in the memory 140 to implement information storage or processing.
  • the input unit 120 provides input to the CPU 100.
  • the input unit 120 is, for example, a key or a touch input device.
  • the power supply 170 is used to provide power to the electronic device 600.
  • the display 160 is used to display display objects such as images and text.
  • the display may be, for example, an LCD display, but is not limited thereto.
  • the memory 140 may be a solid-state memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a SIM card, etc. It may also be a memory that saves information even when the power is off, can be selectively erased, and is provided with more data, examples of which are sometimes referred to as EPROMs, etc.
  • the memory 140 may also be some other type of device.
  • the memory 140 includes a buffer memory 141 (sometimes referred to as a buffer).
  • the memory 140 may include an application/function storage unit 142, which is used to store application programs and function programs or processes for executing the operation of the electronic device 600 through the central processor 100.
  • the memory 140 may also include a data storage unit (data 143) for storing data, such as contacts, digital data, pictures, sounds, and/or any other data used by the electronic device.
  • the driver storage unit (driver 144) of the memory 140 may include various drivers for communication functions of the electronic device and/or for executing other functions of the electronic device (such as messaging applications, address book applications, etc.).
  • the communication module 110 is a transmitter/receiver 110 that transmits and receives signals via an antenna 111.
  • the communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is coupled to the central processor 100 to provide input signals and receive output signals, which may be the same as the case of a conventional mobile communication terminal.
  • multiple communication modules 110 may be provided in the same electronic device, such as a cellular network module, a Bluetooth module and/or a wireless LAN module.
  • the communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is also coupled to a speaker 131 and a microphone 132 via an audio processor 130 to provide an audio output via the speaker 131 and receive an audio input from the microphone 132, thereby realizing a common telecommunication function.
  • the audio processor 130 may include any suitable buffer, decoder, amplifier, etc.
  • the audio processor 130 is also coupled to the central processor 100, This allows the microphone 132 to record sounds on the local machine, and the speaker 131 to play sounds stored on the local machine.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that include computer-usable program code.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

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Abstract

一种页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统，方法包含：根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域的地面布置地面激励线圈(1)，通过地面激励线圈(1)构建磁信标；利用地质导向技术在页岩油储层的上下边界分别构建水平边缘井，并根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域构建贯穿页岩油储层的直井；根据直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井，根据标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井；生产井和加热井在地层中立体平行分布且互不相交；根据生产井和加热井获得单位井的井网部署。

Description

页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统 技术领域
本申请涉及油气勘探开采领域，尤指一种页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统。
背景技术
地下原位开采方法是一种适合页岩油资源埋藏较深时使用的开采方法，指埋藏于地下的页岩油不经过开采通过人工加热地下低熟页岩油储层，在原位将固体干酪根裂解成油气，再利用相应的技术将其开采出来，这种开发方式提高了开采效率、缩减了占地面积，减少了硫化氢污染物的排放，是一种高效、环保、经济的页岩油开发模式。
目前的页岩油原位开采技术存在加热周期长、热损高、对环境有危害、能量利用率低等问题。由于开发需要，井间间距与井眼轨迹误差率都要进行严格的控制，地下开采规模及加热效率也需要一定的保障。
常规随钻测量系统，如基于地磁导向的连续测斜系统和基于惯性导航的陀螺测斜系统都是利用测得的钻具倾角、方位角等进行演算得到钻孔轨迹，累积误差大，实时性差，计算繁琐，无法满足复杂结构井的高精度导向需求。
现有技术中的防碰扫描方法，是根据测斜仪器测得的井斜角和方位角数据插值计算得到在指定井深的空间坐标，根据标定的仪器误差分析仪器的误差椭圆，计算分离系数和中心距分析两井的距离，但因存在累积误差，对距离近且井深长的情况利用率不高。
发明内容
本申请目的在于提供一种页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统，在页岩油的原位开发中运用磁测距技术与地面激励线圈的配合确保加热井、生产井及观察井之间的距离，结合地质导向技术调整各类型井的井眼轨迹，提高钻井精度。利用加热井、生产井、观察井组成一个单元井，在建成的开发单元井基础上建立多个单元井，增加单元井数量，形成一定规模的地下井工厂，从而扩大对页岩油的加热区域，有利于对页岩油的开采，提高生产效益。
为达上述目的，本申请所提供的页岩油原位建井方法，具体包含：根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域的地面布置地面激励线圈，通过所述地面激励线圈构建磁信 标；利用地质导向技术在页岩油储层的上下边界分别构建水平边缘井，并根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域构建贯穿页岩油储层的直井；根据所述直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井；其中，所述生产井和所述加热井在地层中立体平行分布且互不相交；根据所述生产井和所述加热井获得单位井的井网部署。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和加热井包含：通过钻具中的磁传感器阵列测量磁信标在测点处的磁场分布获得检测信号，并提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据；根据所述信号变化数据计算磁场分量在相应方向上的变化率，并采用三维牛顿梯度下降法求解交流线圈的磁场大小获得测点相对于磁信标的位置坐标；根据所述位置坐标控制钻井的井眼轨迹构建所述生产井和所述加热井。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据包含：通过正交检波算法或匹配滤波算法提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，根据所述直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井包含：通过所述直井为参考坐标计算水平井的位置参数，根据所述位置参数调整所述标准水平井在预设关键节点的井眼轨迹；根据所述井眼轨迹构建标准水平井。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，通过所述直井为参考坐标计算水平井的位置参数包含：于所述直井内放入探管，根据所述水平井中磁短节检测所述探管产生的磁场信号计算获得所述水平井和所述标准直井的相对位置；根据所述相对位置分析获得所述水平井的位置参数。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，多个所述加热分布在正六边形的交点处，对位置所述正六边形中心处的生产井进行加热。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井还包含：通过旋转导向工具RSS调整生产井和多个加热井在构建过程中的井眼轨迹。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井还包含：通过井下工具串的线性电极向周围地层注入高频电磁波，使相邻井内金属套管聚集向下的电流并产生磁场信号；根据相邻井内探管采集到电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置；根据所述相对位置调整当前井的井眼轨迹。
在上述页岩油原位建井方法中，可选的，根据相邻井内探管采集到电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置包含：对所述电磁信号进行聚类分析获得聚类数据；根据所述聚类数据构建混合矩阵，通过所述混合矩阵求解线性规划获得试算数据；根据所述试算数据通过变换域分离获得多个源信号，对所述源信号进行小波变换获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
本申请还提供一种适用于所述的页岩油原位建井方法的偏离磁导向系统，所述系统包含测量探管、放电电极、磁短节和数据采集装置；所述磁短节设置于水平井的钻头位置，用于产生磁信号；所述放电电极和所述测量探管通过电缆放入直井底部；其中，所述放电电极用于向地层放电，触发预设区域内钻柱产生磁信号；所述测量探管用于采集预设区域内的磁信号；所述数据采集装置与所述测量探管相连，用于根据采集获得的磁信号计算获得所述水平井和所述标准直井的相对位置。
本申请还提供一种适用于所述的页岩油原位建井方法的多井眼防碰系统，所述系统包含探管、绝缘带、电磁波发射器和数据处理装置；所述探管下放至当前钻井的底部，并通过所述绝缘带与所述电磁波发射器相连；所述电磁波发射器用于根据控制指令想周围地层注入高频电磁波，使相邻井内金属套管聚集向下的电流并产生磁场信号；所述探管将采集到的相邻井的电磁信号提供至所述数据处理装置；所述数据处理装置根据所述电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述方法。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有执行上述方法的计算机程序。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序/指令，该计算机程序/指令被处理器执行时实现上述方法的步骤。
本申请的有益技术效果在于：(1)利用磁测距技术在页岩油储层建立直井与水平井的“U”型连接，设计了偏离磁导向系统方案，提高了钻井精度，当布局水平井井网时，可通过直井探测有效避免水平井相互碰撞，起到导航作用；(2)利用磁测距技术与地面激励线圈的配合确保了多水平井的钻井精度，降低了水平井间碰撞的可能性，有利于单元井井网部署；(3)所采用的地面线圈具有良好的便携性，便于快速铺设；且线圈能量强度可以随着作业的深度及复杂程度而调整，适应性较强；(4)在单元井井网部署良好的基础上，建立多个单元井，形成一个地下工厂，扩大了对页岩油储层的加热规模，提高 了开采效益。(5)通过信号分离能够同时识别相邻多井眼，从而提高复杂结构井钻井效率。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，并不构成对本申请的限定。在附图中：
图1A为本申请一实施例所提供的页岩油原位建井方法的流程示意图；
图1B为本申请一实施例所提供的页岩油开发井工厂建井示意图；
图1C为本申请一实施例所提供的地面矩形线圈导向系统原理示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例所提供的生产井和加热井构建流程示意图；
图3A为本申请一实施例所提供的标准水平井的构建流程示意图；
图3B为本申请一实施例所提供的单元井的构建示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例所提供的生产井和多个加热井的构建流程示意图；
图5A为本申请一实施例所提供的当前井与邻井的相对位置获取流程示意图；
图5B为本申请一实施例所提供的层状电流示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例所提供的偏离磁导向系统的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例所提供的多井眼防碰系统的结构示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例所提供的电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本申请的实施方式，借此对本申请如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是，只要不构成冲突，本申请中的各个实施例及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本申请的保护范围之内。
另外，在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行，并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
请参考图1A所示，本申请所提供的页岩油原位建井方法，具体包含：
S101根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域的地面布置地面激励线圈，通过所述地面激励线圈构建磁信标；
S102利用地质导向技术在页岩油储层的上下边界分别构建水平边缘井，并根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域构建贯穿页岩油储层的直井；
S103根据所述直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井；其中，所述生产井和所述加热井在地层中立体平行分布且互不相交；
S104根据所述生产井和所述加热井获得单位井的井网部署。
具体可参考图1B所示，在实际工作中可圈定页岩油的储层范围，所钻加热井与生产井均位于储层之内，其中，页岩油储层边界1内，即上下边界内部是低熟的页岩油区。利用地质导向技术在储层边界上钻至少两口边缘井2，边缘井为在储层边界上的水平井，地质导向技术能够使得边缘井更加精准地抵达储层边界，控制井眼轨迹在储层边界上延伸。边缘井主要用来规范加热井与生产井的垂向深度，防止其钻穿页岩油储层，减少不必要的工程损耗。在该实施例中，利用磁测距技术完成各类井的钻井工序，包括加热井、生产井、观察井(可为标准水平井)。由加热井、生产井、观察井组成一个单元井井网，多个单元井组成一个大的地下工厂，扩大了对页岩油储层的加热范围，提高开采、生产效益。
再请参考图1C所示，其中地面矩形线圈1和地面电源2构成了磁信标，水平井3内测量探管5和信号传输短节4设置于钻头6上予以测量地面上的磁信标，从而判断当前钻头位置。
请参考图2所示，在本申请一实施例中，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和加热井包含：
S201通过钻具中的磁传感器阵列测量磁信标在测点处的磁场分布获得检测信号，并提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据；
S202根据所述信号变化数据计算磁场分量在相应方向上的变化率，并采用三维牛顿梯度下降法求解交流线圈的磁场大小获得测点相对于磁信标的位置坐标；
S203根据所述位置坐标控制钻井的井眼轨迹构建所述生产井和所述加热井。
其中，提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据包含：通过正交检波算法或匹配滤波算法提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据。
具体的，在实际工作中，上述实施例主要采用在地面布置矩形导线作为磁信标，通过钻具中的磁传感器阵列测量磁信标在测点处的磁场分布，用正交检波算法、匹配滤波算法提取信号的幅值，并计算磁场分量在相应方向上的变化率，采用三维牛顿梯度下降 法求解交流线圈磁场大小，得到测点相对于磁信标的位置坐标,最终实现井眼轨迹的精确控制。整体上，钻水平井水平段时，采用非开挖工程技术。在地面布置矩形导线作为磁信标，通过钻具中的磁传感器阵列测量磁信标在测点处的磁场分布，用正交检波算法、匹配滤波算法提取信号的幅值，并计算磁场分量在相应方向上的变化率，采用三维牛顿梯度下降法求解交流线圈及十字磁靶磁场大小，得到测点相对于磁信标的位置坐标,最终实现井眼轨迹的精确控制。
请参考图3A所示，在本申请一实施例中，根据所述直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井包含：
S301通过所述直井为参考坐标计算水平井的位置参数，根据所述位置参数调整所述标准水平井在预设关键节点的井眼轨迹；
S302根据所述井眼轨迹构建标准水平井。
具体的，在步骤S301中通过所述直井为参考坐标计算水平井的位置参数可包含：于所述直井内放入探管，根据所述水平井中磁短节检测所述探管产生的磁场信号计算获得所述水平井和所述标准直井的相对位置；根据所述相对位置分析获得所述水平井的位置参数。
在实际工作中，钻标准井前，在标准井的水平段上方每间隔5～6米钻一口直井，可参考图1B所示，直井3在垂深上要贯穿整个页岩油储层，以备后期用作地层温度的监测。标准井为一口长水平井，水平段需位于页岩油储层边界的内部，采用“U”型穿针技术，当钻进标准井水平段时，在直井中下入探管，探管7设置于所述直井3内；在标准井中，在钻头处连接一个磁短节8；利用磁场信号来定位钻头，依次计算水平井与直井3的相对位置，分析水平井的井斜角、方位角等参数，控制其井眼根据设计的轨迹延伸。对于关键的点(如监测点、着陆点、靶点)，采用“U”型穿针磁测距技术。以直井为基础，在页岩油储层打一口标准井，在钻完的标准井水平段中放入探管，在此基础上利用磁测距技术以标准井为参考钻取另一口水平井，钻进过程中实时采集并分析磁信号，计算出两口井的相对位置，进而实时地调整井眼轨迹，提高钻井精度。
在本申请一实施例中，多个所述加热分布在正六边形的交点处，对位置所述正六边形中心处的生产井进行加热。进一步的，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井还包含：通过旋转导向工具RSS调整生产井和多个加热井在构建过程中的井眼轨迹。
具体的，请参考图1B和图3B所示，一个单元井由6口加热井与1口生产井组成，其中地层101、102、103、104、105、106、107、108为不同平面的层级。井网均位于页岩油储层内，其中边缘井2，加热井4，生产井5构成单元井。在标准井钻完的基础上，利用双水平井磁测距技术继续进行其余水平井的钻进。实施水平井钻进时，选取距离当前井最近的已钻完的一口水平井为参考井，在参考井中放入探管，在正钻井钻头处连接一个强磁短节，实时计算分析磁信号，调整井眼轨迹，从而提高钻井精度，降低小间距多水平井间的碰撞。可选配套旋转导向工具RSS(Rotary Steerable System)，予以解决双水平井控制精度不够高的问题，大幅提高控制精度。一个完整的单元井井网为一个正六边形6。加热井均匀分布在正六边形交点处，对整个单元区进行加热；生产井位于正六边形中心点处，用来开采干酪根加热转化成的液态烃；加热井与生产井在地层中立体平行分布，互不相交。
综上，本申请所提供的页岩油原位建井方法在实施流程上主要包含如下五个步骤：
1、在页岩油储层上下边界设置边缘井；
2、实现标准水平井与直井之间的“U”型连接；
3、利用双水平井磁测距技术进行其余水平井的钻进，包含加热井、生产井；
4、完成一口单元井的井网部署；
5、对多个单元井井网进行部署，建立地下工厂。(多个单元井的构建流程皆可参考前述步骤1至4)
请参考图4所示，在本申请一实施例中，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井还包含：
S401通过井下工具串的线性电极向周围地层注入高频电磁波，使相邻井内金属套管聚集向下的电流并产生磁场信号；
S402根据相邻井内探管采集到电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置；
S403根据所述相对位置调整当前井的井眼轨迹。
再请参考图5A所示，根据相邻井内探管采集到电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置包含：
S501对所述电磁信号进行聚类分析获得聚类数据；
S502根据所述聚类数据构建混合矩阵，通过所述混合矩阵求解线性规划获得试算数据；
S503根据所述试算数据通过变换域分离获得多个源信号，对所述源信号进行小波变换获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
上述调整流程主要适用于多井眼防碰，其具体实施流程可包含如下步骤：
1、地面工控机控制井下工具串的线性电极向周围地层注入高频电磁波；
2、电磁波大部分吸附到邻井金属套管上，聚集产生向上和向下的电流；
3、通过探管采集多口邻井金属套管聚集的向下的电流产生的磁场和姿态；
4、通过电缆将数据传输到地面工控机，工控机的另一端连接计算机设备；
5、执行信号分离程序，然后同时解算出正钻井与邻井的距离。
具体地，步骤5的信号分离流程为：对混合信号进行聚类分析；估计混合矩阵；试算求解线性规划；在变换域分离出多个源信号；小波变换恢复出多个源信号。在实际工作中，上述流程的使用方式如下：
将邻近井套管、线性电极和当前井套管分为足够小的线段，此时可以将这些微段看作点电流源，具体可参考图5B所示。其中，t为点电源到地面的深度，m；hi为第i层地层的界面深度，m；σi为第i层地层的电导率，S/m。第i层地层源点和第j层地层场点的格林函数为：
其中，j的取值区间为[1,n]，J0(λx)为0阶贝塞尔函数，存在以下恒等式：
联立公式(1)和各地层边界条件：
可以求解出公式(1)中的Aij和Bij：

使用prony算法，可以求出公式(4)和公式(5)中的ak、bk、ck、dk，T为3～6之间的项数。
根据公式(1)、公式(2)、公式(4)和公式(5)，得到格林函数：
由于邻近井套管、线性电极和当前井套管的长度远远大于它们自身的直径，因此可以将其看作一维线性导体，故地层中任意一点由套管或线性电极所泄露的电流产生的电势，可通过泄露电流密度ξ(单位为A/m)表示为：
将邻近井套管、线性电极和当前井套管分别划为H段、J段、K段，(单位为V)为第n微段在第m微段上产生的电势，Rmn(单位为Ω)为第n微段在第m微段之间的阻抗，In(单位为A)为第n微段上的电流，则所有微段在第m微段上聚集的电势为：
且阻抗Rmn可表示为：
第n微段在第m微段位于同一地层时，联立公式(6)和公式(9)，可计算得到Rmn：
第n微段在第m微段位于不同地层时，联立公式(6)和公式(9)，可计算得到Rmn：
由于套管和线性电极的电阻率都非常小，可以视为等势体，因此有：
根据基尔霍夫电流定律，套管和线性电极上的电流有：
其中，Ig为电源输出电流，A。
联立公式(8)、公式(12)和公式(13)，建立计算泄露电流矩阵：
其中，b、e、r分别表示邻近井套管、线性电极、当前井套管，且有：

[Ib Ie Ir]T＝[I1 I2…I(H+J+K)]T        (16)
ones(H,1)＝[1 1…1]H×1 T        (17)
ones(1,H)＝[1 1…1]1×H          (18)
zeros(H,1)＝[0 0…0]H×1 T        (19)
zeros(1,H)＝[0 0…0]1×H     (20)
此外，公式(14)中的ones(J,1)、ones(1,J)、zeros(J,1)、zeros(1,J)、ones(K,1)、ones(1,K)、zeros(K,1)和zeros(1,K)与公式(17)～公式(20)格式一致。
通过公式(14)，可以计算出邻近井套管、线性电极和当前井套管上的电流分别为：


由于线性电极与探管处于同轴且距离很近，所以由线性电极产生的磁场信号可以忽略。探管探测到的电磁信号为邻近井与当前井套管上的电流产生的磁感应强度之和，根据比奥萨伐尔定律有：
以此，根据探管探测到的电磁信号即可计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
本申请还提供一种适用于所述的页岩油原位建井方法的偏离磁导向系统，所述系统包含测量探管、放电电极、磁短节和数据采集装置；所述磁短节设置于水平井的钻头位置，用于产生磁信号；所述放电电极和所述测量探管通过电缆放入直井底部；其中，所述放电电极用于向地层放电，触发预设区域内钻柱产生磁信号；所述测量探管用于采集预设区域内的磁信号；所述数据采集装置与所述测量探管相连，用于根据采集获得的磁信号计算获得所述水平井和所述标准直井的相对位置。
具体请参考图6所示，在实际工作中，所述偏离磁导向系统由目标井1、测井电缆2、放电电极3，测量探管4，钻头5，磁短节6，螺杆钻具7，钻柱8，正钻井9，数据采集系统10，电源11组成。
其中，测井电缆2、放电电极3、测量探管4、数据采集系统10与电源11组成无源磁导向系统。测量探管4位于目标井底部，放电电极3可以通过测井电缆2和电源11联通后向地层放电，电流遇到钻柱产生磁信号，测量探管4捕捉到同时也能捕捉到磁短节6产生的磁性号，同时当水平井钻头钻至直井距离2m以内时，磁探测精度误差可控制在1％以内，可以控制直井与水平井最近距离达到厘米级，当布局水平井井网通过直井探测可有效避免水平井相互碰撞，起到导航作用。同时，在测量探管4内部增加了保温瓶结构，使测量系统核心部分耐温等级由125℃提升至200℃以上。
本申请还提供一种适用于所述的页岩油原位建井方法的多井眼防碰系统，所述系统包含探管、绝缘带、电磁波发射器和数据处理装置；所述探管下放至当前钻井的底部，并通过所述绝缘带与所述电磁波发射器相连；所述电磁波发射器用于根据控制指令想周围地层注入高频电磁波，使相邻井内金属套管聚集向下的电流并产生磁场信号；所述探管将采集到的相邻井的电磁信号提供至所述数据处理装置；所述数据处理装置根据所述电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
具体请参考图7所示，在实际工作中，所述多井眼防碰系统包含探管6、绝缘带7、电磁波发射器8、七芯电缆9、工控机10和计算机设备11。
其中，井下工具串自下而上依次为：探管6下放到正钻井1的底部，通过绝缘带7与电磁波发射器8相连，然后通向七芯电缆9，另一端通过标准接口连接工控机10，计算机设备11连接工控机10。
具体实施流程为：当正钻井1钻至与邻井3、5防碰井段时，将正钻井1中的钻具取出，将用七芯电缆9连接的井下工具串放入正钻井1中。需要工作时，工控机10控制电磁波发射器8向周围地层注入电磁波12，由于金属套管的电磁吸附能力远超地层，电磁波12会聚集到邻井金属套管2、4，形成向上和向下的电流13、15，从而产生磁场信号14、16，探管6采集到的邻井金属套管2、4分别产生的磁场信号14、16和姿态，通过七芯电缆9的通信通道传输到工控机10和计算机设备11，计算机设备11运用本发明的多井眼防碰测量方法分别确定正钻井1和邻井3、5的相对位置。特别的，计算机设备11可以是任何一种具有程序计算功能的设备，包括但不限于：电脑、手机、平板电脑、微型机等智能设备。
本申请的有益技术效果在于：(1)利用磁测距技术在页岩油储层建立直井与水平井的“U”型连接，设计了偏离磁导向系统方案，提高了钻井精度，当布局水平井井网时，可通过直井探测有效避免水平井相互碰撞，起到导航作用；(2)利用磁测距技术与地面激励线圈的配合确保了多水平井的钻井精度，降低了水平井间碰撞的可能性，有利于单元井井网部署；(3)所采用的地面线圈具有良好的便携性，便于快速铺设；且线圈能量强度可以随着作业的深度及复杂程度而调整，适应性较强；(4)在单元井井网部署良好的基础上，建立多个单元井，形成一个地下工厂，扩大了对页岩油储层的加热规模，提高了开采效益。(5)通过信号分离能够同时识别相邻多井眼，从而提高复杂结构井钻井效率。
本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述方法。
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有执行上述方法的计算机程序。
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序/指令，该计算机程序/指令被处理器执行时实现上述方法的步骤。
如图8所示，该电子设备600还可以包括：通信模块110、输入单元120、音频处理器130、显示器160、电源170。值得注意的是，电子设备600也并不是必须要包括图8 中所示的所有部件；此外，电子设备600还可以包括图8中没有示出的部件，可以参考现有技术。
如图8所示，中央处理器100有时也称为控制器或操作控件，可以包括微处理器或其他处理器装置和/或逻辑装置，该中央处理器100接收输入并控制电子设备600的各个部件的操作。
其中，存储器140，例如可以是缓存器、闪存、硬驱、可移动介质、易失性存储器、非易失性存储器或其它合适装置中的一种或更多种。可储存上述与失败有关的信息，此外还可存储执行有关信息的程序。并且中央处理器100可执行该存储器140存储的该程序，以实现信息存储或处理等。
输入单元120向中央处理器100提供输入。该输入单元120例如为按键或触摸输入装置。电源170用于向电子设备600提供电力。显示器160用于进行图像和文字等显示对象的显示。该显示器例如可为LCD显示器，但并不限于此。
该存储器140可以是固态存储器，例如，只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、SIM卡等。还可以是这样的存储器，其即使在断电时也保存信息，可被选择性地擦除且设有更多数据，该存储器的示例有时被称为EPROM等。存储器140还可以是某种其它类型的装置。存储器140包括缓冲存储器141(有时被称为缓冲器)。存储器140可以包括应用/功能存储部142，该应用/功能存储部142用于存储应用程序和功能程序或用于通过中央处理器100执行电子设备600的操作的流程。
存储器140还可以包括数据存储部(数据143)，该数据存储部(数据143)用于存储数据，例如联系人、数字数据、图片、声音和/或任何其他由电子设备使用的数据。存储器140的驱动程序存储部(驱动程序144)可以包括电子设备的用于通信功能和/或用于执行电子设备的其他功能(如消息传送应用、通讯录应用等)的各种驱动程序。
通信模块110即为经由天线111发送和接收信号的发送机/接收机110。通信模块(发送机/接收机)110耦合到中央处理器100，以提供输入信号和接收输出信号，这可以和常规移动通信终端的情况相同。
基于不同的通信技术，在同一电子设备中，可以设置有多个通信模块110，如蜂窝网络模块、蓝牙模块和/或无线局域网模块等。通信模块(发送机/接收机)110还经由音频处理器130耦合到扬声器131和麦克风132，以经由扬声器131提供音频输出，并接收来自麦克风132的音频输入，从而实现通常的电信功能。音频处理器130可以包括任何合适的缓冲器、解码器、放大器等。另外，音频处理器130还耦合到中央处理器100， 从而使得可以通过麦克风132能够在本机上录音，且使得可以通过扬声器131来播放本机上存储的声音。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本申请的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本申请的具体实施例而已，并不用于限定本申请的保护范围，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，所述方法包含：
    根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域的地面布置地面激励线圈，通过所述地面激励线圈构建磁信标；
    利用地质导向技术在页岩油储层的上下边界分别构建水平边缘井，并根据页岩油加热区域的位置信息于对应区域构建贯穿页岩油储层的直井；
    根据所述直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井；其中，所述生产井和所述加热井在地层中立体平行分布且互不相交；
    根据所述生产井和所述加热井获得单位井的井网部署。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和加热井包含：
    通过钻具中的磁传感器阵列测量磁信标在测点处的磁场分布获得检测信号，并提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据；
    根据所述信号变化数据计算磁场分量在相应方向上的变化率，并采用三维牛顿梯度下降法求解交流线圈的磁场大小获得测点相对于磁信标的位置坐标；
    根据所述位置坐标控制钻井的井眼轨迹构建所述生产井和所述加热井。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据包含：通过正交检波算法或匹配滤波算法提取所述检测信号的幅值获得信号变化数据。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，根据所述直井通过偏离磁导向技术构建标准水平井包含：
    通过所述直井为参考坐标计算水平井的位置参数，根据所述位置参数调整所述标准水平井在预设关键节点的井眼轨迹；
    根据所述井眼轨迹构建标准水平井。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，通过所述直井为参考坐标计算水平井的位置参数包含：
    于所述直井内放入探管，根据所述水平井中磁短节检测所述探管产生的磁场信号计算获得所述水平井和所述标准直井的相对位置；
    根据所述相对位置分析获得所述水平井的位置参数。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，多个所述加热分布在正六边形的交点处，对位置所述正六边形中心处的生产井进行加热。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井还包含：通过旋转导向工具RSS调整生产井和多个加热井在构建过程中的井眼轨迹。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，根据所述标准水平井通过双水平井磁测距技术以所述磁信标为基准分别构建生产井和多个加热井还包含：
    通过井下工具串的线性电极向周围地层注入高频电磁波，使相邻井内金属套管聚集向下的电流并产生磁场信号；
    根据相邻井内探管采集到电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置；
    根据所述相对位置调整当前井的井眼轨迹。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的页岩油原位建井方法，其特征在于，根据相邻井内探管采集到电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置包含：
    对所述电磁信号进行聚类分析获得聚类数据；
    根据所述聚类数据构建混合矩阵，通过所述混合矩阵求解线性规划获得试算数据；
    根据所述试算数据通过变换域分离获得多个源信号，对所述源信号进行小波变换获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
  10. 一种适用于权利要求1至9中任一项所述的页岩油原位建井方法的偏离磁导向系统，其特征在于，所述系统包含测量探管、放电电极、磁短节和数据采集装置；
    所述磁短节设置于水平井的钻头位置，用于产生磁信号；
    所述放电电极和所述测量探管通过电缆放入直井底部；
    其中，所述放电电极用于向地层放电，触发预设区域内钻柱产生磁信号；所述测量探管用于采集预设区域内的磁信号；
    所述数据采集装置与所述测量探管相连，用于根据采集获得的磁信号计算获得所述水平井和所述标准直井的相对位置。
  11. 一种适用于权利要求1至9中任一项所述的页岩油原位建井方法的多井眼防碰系统，其特征在于，所述系统包含探管、绝缘带、电磁波发射器和数据处理装置；
    所述探管下放至当前钻井的底部，并通过所述绝缘带与所述电磁波发射器相连；
    所述电磁波发射器用于根据控制指令想周围地层注入高频电磁波，使相邻井内金属套管聚集向下的电流并产生磁场信号；
    所述探管将采集到的相邻井的电磁信号提供至所述数据处理装置；
    所述数据处理装置根据所述电磁信号通过信号分离计算获得当前井与邻井的相对位置。
  12. 一种电子设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至9任一所述方法。
  13. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有由计算机执行权利要求1至9任一所述方法的计算机程序。
  14. 一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序/指令，其特征在于，该计算机程序/指令被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至9任一所述方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2024/070539 2023-08-16 2024-01-04 页岩油原位建井方法、偏离磁导向系统及多井眼防碰系统 Pending WO2025035692A1 (zh)

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