WO2025020482A1 - Wind-sand filter structure for railway vehicle and railway vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A wind-sand filter structure for a railway vehicle, and a railway vehicle. The wind-sand filter structure for a railway vehicle comprises a first-stage filter unit (100) and a second-stage filter unit (200). The first-stage filter unit (100) is arranged on a side wall of a vehicle body (300), the first-stage filter unit (100) has an air inlet formed on an outer surface of the vehicle body (300), and the first-stage filter unit (100) has a first air outlet and a second air outlet that are formed on the vehicle body (300). The first air outlet is adapted to connect to a heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe is adapted to extend to a heat dissipation area of a cooling device of the railway vehicle. The second-stage filter unit (200) is arranged inside the vehicle body (300), an air intake end of the second-stage filter unit (200) is in communication with the second air outlet, an air discharge end of the second-stage filter unit (200) is connected to an air pipe, and the air pipe is adapted to connect to an air-utilization apparatus. By means of cooperation of the first-stage filter unit (100) and the second-stage filter unit (200), the wind-sand prevention capacity of the railway vehicle can be improved, wear and tear of internal devices are avoided, the riding comfort is improved, and effective wind-sand filtering is achieved.

Description

Wind and sand filtering structure of rail vehicle and rail vehicle

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202321967341.7, filed on July 25, 2023, entitled “Wind and Sand Filtering Structure for Rail Vehicle and Rail Vehicle”, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and in particular to a wind and sand filtering structure of a rail vehicle and a rail vehicle.

Background Art

When rail vehicles operate in a high wind and sand environment, the cooling air will contain a large amount of wind and sand for the equipment inside the rail vehicles, which will cause wear of the internal components of the rail vehicles and overheating of the equipment; for the driver's cab and passenger compartment, wind and sand will cause sand accumulation inside and affect comfort.

Summary of the invention

The present application provides a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle, which is used to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the rail vehicle has insufficient wind and sand protection capability, causing wear of internal components and insufficient riding comfort, and realizes effective wind and sand filtering.

The present application also provides a rail vehicle.

The present application provides a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle, comprising:

A primary filter unit is arranged on a side wall of the vehicle body, the primary filter unit is formed with an air inlet on the outer surface of the vehicle body, the primary filter unit is formed with a first air outlet and a second air outlet inside the vehicle body, the first air outlet is suitable for being connected to a heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe is suitable for extending to a heat dissipation area of a cooling device of the rail vehicle;

The secondary filter unit is arranged inside the vehicle body, the air inlet end of the secondary filter unit is connected to the second air outlet, and the air outlet end of the secondary filter unit is connected to an air duct. The air duct is suitable for connecting to air-using equipment.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure of a rail vehicle provided in the present application, the primary filtering unit includes a shutter, and the shutter is suitable for being embedded in the side wall of the vehicle body.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in the present application, the secondary filtering unit comprises:

case;

A filter, mounted on the air inlet end of the housing;

A dust collecting box is installed in the shell, a dust collecting cavity is formed in the dust collecting box, and the filter is connected to the dust collecting cavity to make sand and dust fall into the dust collecting cavity;

A fan is installed in the shell, and the fan is connected to the dust outlet of the dust collecting box and is used to extract sand and dust in the dust collecting cavity.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure of a rail vehicle provided in the present application, the filter includes a straight-through cyclone tube filter, and the dust collecting box is located below the filter.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in the present application, an outer side wall of the shell is provided with an annular connecting portion surrounding the air outlet end, and the air duct is suitable for being clamped to the annular connecting portion.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in the present application, an adhesive member for connecting the air duct and the annular connecting portion is provided between the air duct and the annular connecting portion.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in the present application, the air duct is clamped in the annular connecting portion, the inner circumferential surface of the annular connecting portion or the outer circumferential surface of the air duct is provided with a first mounting groove, the adhesive is suitable for being installed in the first mounting groove, and the adhesive extends out of the notch of the first mounting groove.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in the present application, the air duct is clamped on the outside of the annular connecting portion, and a second mounting groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the annular connecting portion or the inner circumferential surface of the air duct, and the adhesive is suitable for being installed in the second mounting groove, and the adhesive extends out of the notch of the second mounting groove.

According to a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in the present application, the wind device The utility model comprises an electrical cabinet, wherein the electrical cabinet is suitable for being equipped with a micro-positive pressure mechanism for drawing filtered air into the electrical cabinet and discharging original air from the electrical cabinet.

The present application also provides a rail vehicle, comprising a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body is provided with the wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle as described above.

The wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle provided in the embodiment of the present application performs preliminary filtering of the air containing wind and sand through the primary filtering unit. On the one hand, the preliminary filtered air enters the heat dissipation pipe through the first air outlet, and is blown to the heat dissipation area of the cooling device of the rail vehicle through the heat dissipation pipe, which is used to take away the heat at the cooling device and discharge it, so as to realize the heat exchange at the cooling device. On the other hand, the preliminary filtered air enters the secondary filtering unit through the second air outlet for secondary filtering. The secondary filtering can ensure that the cleanliness of the air meets the requirements, and the secondary filtered air is used for the wind-using equipment to realize safe wind use. The wind and sand filtering structure can improve the wind and sand protection capability of the rail vehicle, avoid the wear of internal components, improve the lack of riding comfort, realize effective wind and sand filtering, and facilitate the heat dissipation of the cooling device through the coordinated cooperation of the primary filtering unit and the secondary filtering unit.

The rail vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present application installs the aforementioned wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle on the vehicle body, and uses the primary filtering unit to preliminarily filter the air containing wind and sand. On the one hand, the preliminarily filtered air enters the heat dissipation pipe through the first air outlet, and is blown to the heat dissipation area of the cooling device of the rail vehicle through the heat dissipation pipe, which is used to take away the heat at the cooling device and discharge it, so as to realize the heat exchange at the cooling device. On the other hand, the preliminarily filtered air enters the secondary filtering unit through the second air outlet for secondary filtering. The secondary filtering can ensure that the cleanliness of the air meets the requirements, and the secondary filtered air is used for the wind-using equipment to realize safe wind use. The wind and sand filtering structure can improve the wind and sand protection capability of the rail vehicle, avoid the wear of internal components, improve the lack of riding comfort, realize effective wind and sand filtering, and facilitate the heat dissipation of the cooling device through the coordinated cooperation of the primary filtering unit and the secondary filtering unit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art description. Specifically, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a secondary filtration unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the simulation analysis results of the internal and external flow fields of the primary filtration unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Reference numerals:
100, primary filter unit; 200, secondary filter unit; 210, housing; 220, filter; 230, dust collection box; 240, fan; 250, annular connection part; 300, vehicle body.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following is a further detailed description of the implementation of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present application.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the above terms can be understood in specific circumstances in the embodiments of the present application. The specific meaning of .

In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

The following describes an embodiment of the present application in conjunction with Figures 1 to 3. This embodiment provides a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle, including a primary filter unit 100 and a secondary filter unit 200. The primary filter unit 100 is arranged on the side wall of the vehicle body 300, and the primary filter unit 100 is formed with an air inlet on the outer surface of the vehicle body 300. The primary filter unit 100 is formed with a first air outlet and a second air outlet inside the vehicle body 300. The first air outlet is suitable for connecting a heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe is suitable for extending to the heat dissipation area of the cooling device of the rail vehicle. The secondary filter unit 200 is arranged inside the vehicle body 300, and the air inlet end of the secondary filter unit 200 is connected to the second air outlet. The air outlet end of the secondary filter unit 200 is connected to an air duct, and the air duct is suitable for connecting to air-using equipment.

In this embodiment, the air containing wind and sand is initially filtered by the primary filtering unit 100. The initially filtered air enters the heat dissipation pipe through the first air outlet and passes through the first air outlet. The heat is blown from the heat pipe to the heat dissipation area of the cooling device of the rail vehicle, which is used to take away the heat at the cooling device and discharge it to achieve heat exchange at the cooling device. On the other hand, the initially filtered air enters the secondary filter unit 200 through the second air outlet for secondary filtration. The secondary filtration can ensure that the cleanliness of the air meets the requirements, and the secondary filtered air is used for wind-using equipment to achieve safe use of air. This wind and sand filtering structure can improve the wind and sand protection ability of the rail vehicle, avoid wear of internal components, improve the lack of riding comfort, achieve effective wind and sand filtration, and facilitate heat dissipation of the cooling device through the coordinated cooperation of the primary filter unit 100 and the secondary filter unit 200.

The heat dissipation pipe extends to the heat dissipation area of the cooling device of the rail vehicle. The heat dissipation fan at the heat dissipation area of the cooling device takes away the heat from the heat dissipation area of the cooling device, and then discharges it from the exhaust port of the heat dissipation area. During the hot air discharge process, the residual sand in the hot air can also be discharged outside the vehicle, and will not cause the deposition of residual sand. Since the heat dissipation area of the cooling device is not highly sensitive to sand, the air that has been initially filtered can be used directly.

According to the wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle provided by the present application, the primary filtering unit 100 includes a shutter, which is suitable for being embedded in the side wall of the vehicle body 300. The wind and sand-containing air is initially filtered through the shutter, and the initially filtered air is divided into two air paths, which are used for heat dissipation and wind equipment respectively.

The shutters are embedded in the side walls of the vehicle body 300. It can be understood that a mounting hole is opened in the side walls of the vehicle body 300, and the mounting hole can be set as a square hole. The shutters are embedded in the mounting hole and fixed to the side walls of the vehicle body 300 by fasteners or welding to ensure the stability of the shutters.

As shown in FIG. 3 , according to the simulation analysis result of the internal and external flow fields of the primary filtering unit 100 , it can be known that after the primary filtering through the shutters, no sand and dust will be deposited inside the vehicle body 300 .

Among them, the outer side of the shutter is the air inlet, and the inner side of the shutter can be connected to a collecting device for collecting the air after preliminary filtration. One side of the collecting device covers the entire inner side of the shutter, and the other side of the collecting device forms a first air outlet and a second air outlet inside the vehicle body 300 to facilitate the connection of pipelines.

As shown in FIG2 , the secondary filter unit 200 includes a housing 210, a filter 220, a dust box 230 and a fan 240. The filter 220 is installed at the air inlet end of the housing 210. The dust box 230 is installed in the housing 210, a dust collecting chamber is formed in the dust box 230, and the filter 220 is connected to the dust collecting chamber to allow sand and dust to fall into the dust collecting chamber. The fan 240 is installed in the housing 210, and the fan 240 is connected to the dust outlet of the dust box 230 to extract the sand and dust in the dust collecting chamber.

The filter 220 is installed through the shell 210, so that the air after the initial filtration can be filtered twice through the filter 220, ensuring that the air filtered twice is dust-free air. The dust filtered by the filter 220 can fall into the dust collecting chamber of the dust collecting box 230. The fan 240 can be started to extract the dust in the dust collecting chamber so that the dust can be discharged directly. The above structure can make the secondary filtering and dust removal and the discharge of dust synchronous, without the need to periodically clean the inside of the dust collecting box 230, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the wind and sand filtering device.

The model of the fan 240 can be reasonably selected according to the amount of sand and dust. A power control system can be added to the fan 240, and the appropriate exhaust volume can be adjusted according to the amount of sand and dust, thereby achieving energy-saving effect while ensuring the discharge of sand and dust.

The filter 220 can be detachably mounted on the air inlet end of the housing 210 by means of fasteners, which facilitates the installation and maintenance of the filter 220. To further facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the filter 220, the filter 220 is also connected to the dust box 230 in a detachable connection manner. The detachable connection manner includes screw connection and the like.

The filter 220 includes a straight-through cyclone tube filter, whose filtering efficiency meets the corresponding requirements, and the dust collecting box 230 is located below the filter 220. The straight-through cyclone tube filter can make the filtered sand and dust fall directly downward, and then make the sand and dust fall into the dust collecting chamber below.

In order to facilitate the flow of dust on the bottom of the dust collecting chamber, the bottom of the dust collecting box 230 is set as an inclined surface, and the dust outlet is close to the lower side of the inclined surface, so that the fan 240 can completely remove the dust. It can be understood that the inclined surface has a higher side and a lower side. When the dust falls on the inclined surface, it will gradually slide down along the inclined surface to the lower side. The dust outlet is set close to the lower side of the inclined surface. On the low side, the fan 240 can extract all the sand and dust in the dust collecting chamber as much as possible, so as to facilitate the timely discharge of the sand and dust.

In this embodiment, the outer wall of the housing 210 is provided with an annular connection portion 250 around the air outlet, and the air duct is suitable for being clamped to the annular connection portion 250. As shown in FIG2 , the annular connection portion 250 is arranged around the circumference of the air outlet. The air duct is suitable for being directly and sealably clamped to the annular connection portion 250 to ensure that the secondary filtered air can enter the air duct to cool and reduce the temperature of the air-using equipment.

There is an adhesive member between the air duct and the annular connecting portion 250 for connecting the two, and the adhesive member is used to bond the air duct and the annular connecting portion 250 to make the connection between the two more firm and reliable, and also to achieve an airtight effect. For example, the adhesive member is a hollow rubber strip, a foam rubber strip, etc.

The shape of the air duct matches the shape of the annular connecting portion 250 , and the shape of the annular connecting portion 250 matches the shape of the air outlet. Exemplarily, the air outlet is set to be circular, the air duct is a circular pipe, and the annular connecting portion 250 is a circular ring connecting portion 250 .

In this embodiment, the air duct is clamped in the annular connecting portion 250, and the inner circumference of the annular connecting portion 250 or the outer circumference of the air duct is provided with a first installation groove, the adhesive is suitable for being installed in the first installation groove, and the adhesive extends out of the notch of the first installation groove.

It can be understood that when the inner diameter of the annular connection part 250 is the same as the outer diameter of the air duct, the air duct will be clamped on the inner side of the annular connection part 250. By providing a first mounting groove on the inner circumferential surface of the annular connection part 250 or on the outer circumferential surface of the air duct, it is convenient to fix the position of the adhesive during assembly, and to facilitate the direct bonding and connection between the annular connection part 250 and the air duct after clamping.

The adhesive member can be a single-sided adhesive strip, one side of which is clamped in the first mounting groove and abuts against the bottom surface of the first mounting groove, and the other side of the adhesive member is the adhesive side, which extends out of the notch of the first mounting groove, thereby bonding to the inner circumference of the annular connection part 250 or the outer circumference of the air duct. The adhesive member can also be a double-sided adhesive strip, one side of which is clamped in the first mounting groove and abuts against the bottom surface of the first mounting groove, and the other side of the adhesive member extends out of the notch of the first mounting groove, thereby bonding to the inner circumference of the annular connection part 250 or the outer circumference of the air duct. The peripheral surfaces are bonded to each other.

In another embodiment, the air duct is clamped to the outside of the annular connecting portion 250, and a second installation groove is provided on the outer circumference of the annular connecting portion 250 or the inner circumference of the air duct. The adhesive is suitable for being installed in the second installation groove, and the adhesive extends out of the notch of the second installation groove.

It can be understood that when the outer diameter of the annular connection part 250 is the same as the inner diameter of the air duct, the air duct will be clamped to the outside of the annular connection part 250. By providing a second installation groove on the outer peripheral surface of the annular connection part 250 or on the inner peripheral surface of the air duct, it is convenient to fix the position of the adhesive during assembly, and to facilitate the direct bonding and connection between the annular connection part 250 and the air duct after clamping.

The adhesive member may be a single-sided adhesive strip, one side of which is clamped in the second mounting groove and abuts against the bottom surface of the second mounting groove, and the other side of which is the adhesive side, which extends out of the notch of the second mounting groove, thereby bonding to the inner circumference of the annular connection part 250 or the outer circumference of the air duct. The adhesive member may also be a double-sided adhesive strip, one side of which is clamped in the second mounting groove and abuts against the bottom surface of the second mounting groove, and the other side of which extends out of the notch of the second mounting groove, thereby bonding to the inner circumference of the annular connection part 250 or the outer circumference of the air duct.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the wind equipment for the wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle includes an electrical cabinet, which is suitable for installing a micro-positive pressure mechanism for drawing filtered air into the electrical cabinet and discharging the original air out of the electrical cabinet.

By providing a micro-positive pressure mechanism in the electrical cabinet, air that has been secondary filtered of dust can be introduced into the interior of the electrical cabinet, and the interior of the electrical cabinet can be ventilated and cooled.

Among them, the air-using equipment may also include a diesel engine, a main engine, a traction motor, an air compressor, etc. The air after secondary filtration is transported to the air-using equipment through the air duct, and is directly discharged from the air-using equipment to the outside of the vehicle after the air-using equipment is used.

On the other hand, the present application also provides a rail vehicle, including a vehicle body 300, wherein the vehicle body 300 is provided with a wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle in the aforementioned embodiment.

In this embodiment, the wind and sand filtering structure of the rail vehicle is installed on the vehicle body 300, and the primary filtering unit 100 is used to perform preliminary filtering on the air containing wind and sand. On the one hand, the filtered air enters the heat dissipation pipe through the first air outlet, and is blown to the heat dissipation area of the cooling equipment of the rail vehicle through the heat dissipation pipe, which is used to take away the heat at the cooling device and discharge it to achieve heat exchange at the cooling device. On the other hand, the initially filtered air enters the secondary filter unit 200 through the second air outlet for secondary filtration. The secondary filtration can ensure that the cleanliness of the air meets the requirements, and the secondary filtered air is used for wind-using equipment to achieve safe wind use. This wind and sand filtering structure can improve the wind and sand protection ability of the rail vehicle, avoid wear of internal components, improve the lack of riding comfort, achieve effective wind and sand filtration, and facilitate heat dissipation of the cooling device through the coordinated cooperation of the primary filter unit 100 and the secondary filter unit 200.

In this embodiment, the car body 300 particularly refers to the carriage of the front part of the rail vehicle. A primary filter unit 100 is installed on the car body 300 of the front part, and a secondary filter unit 200 is installed in the car body 300 of the front part, so that a part of the filtered air can quickly dissipate the heat of the cooling device, and the other part of the air can be used to supply air to the equipment in the front equipment compartment.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

A wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle, comprising: A primary filter unit (100) is arranged on a side wall of a vehicle body (300), the primary filter unit (100) is provided with an air inlet on an outer surface of the vehicle body (300), the primary filter unit (100) is provided with a first air outlet and a second air outlet inside the vehicle body (300), the first air outlet is suitable for being connected to a heat dissipation pipe, and the heat dissipation pipe is suitable for extending to a heat dissipation area of a cooling device of a rail vehicle; The secondary filter unit (200) is arranged inside the vehicle body (300), the air inlet end of the secondary filter unit (200) is connected to the second air outlet, and the air outlet end of the secondary filter unit (200) is connected to an air duct, which is suitable for connecting to air-using equipment. The wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the primary filtering unit (100) comprises a shutter, and the shutter is suitable for being embedded in a side wall of a vehicle body (300). The wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the secondary filtering unit (200) comprises: A housing (210); A filter (220) installed at the air inlet end of the housing (210); A dust collecting box (230) is installed in the housing (210), a dust collecting chamber is formed in the dust collecting box (230), and the filter (220) is connected to the dust collecting chamber to allow sand and dust to fall into the dust collecting chamber; A fan (240) is installed in the housing (210); the fan (240) is connected to the dust outlet of the dust collecting box (230) and is used to extract sand and dust in the dust collecting chamber. The wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the filter (220) comprises a straight-through cyclone tube filter, and the dust collecting box (230) is located below the filter (220). The wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the outer wall of the shell (210) is provided with an annular connecting portion (250) around the air outlet end, and the air The tube is adapted to be snap-fitted to the annular connection portion (250). According to the wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle according to claim 5, a bonding member for connecting the air duct and the annular connecting portion (250) is provided between the air duct and the annular connecting portion (250). According to the wind and sand filtering structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 6, the air duct is clamped in the annular connecting portion (250), the inner circumferential surface of the annular connecting portion (250) or the outer circumferential surface of the air duct is provided with a first mounting groove, the adhesive is suitable for being installed in the first mounting groove, and the adhesive extends out of the notch of the first mounting groove. According to the wind and sand filtering structure of a rail vehicle according to claim 6, the air duct is clamped on the outside of the annular connecting portion (250), and a second mounting groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the annular connecting portion (250) or the inner circumferential surface of the air duct, and the adhesive is suitable for being installed in the second mounting groove, and the adhesive extends out of the notch of the second mounting groove. A wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the wind-using equipment includes an electrical cabinet, and the electrical cabinet is suitable for installing a micro-positive pressure mechanism for drawing filtered air into the electrical cabinet and discharging original air from the electrical cabinet. A rail vehicle comprises a vehicle body (300), wherein the vehicle body (300) is provided with a wind and sand filtering structure for a rail vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.