WO2025014255A1 - 배터리 관리 장치 및 그것의 동작 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치 및 그것의 동작 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025014255A1 WO2025014255A1 PCT/KR2024/009774 KR2024009774W WO2025014255A1 WO 2025014255 A1 WO2025014255 A1 WO 2025014255A1 KR 2024009774 W KR2024009774 W KR 2024009774W WO 2025014255 A1 WO2025014255 A1 WO 2025014255A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/003—Measuring mean values of current or voltage during a given time interval
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
- G01R19/16528—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values using digital techniques or performing arithmetic operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments disclosed in this document relate to a battery management device and a method of operating the same.
- Electric vehicles receive electricity from the outside to charge battery cells, and then drive a motor with the voltage charged in the battery cells to obtain power.
- Battery cells undergo internal deformation and transformation through various charging and discharging during the production and use stages, and their physical and chemical properties change, which can cause internal short circuits, external short circuits, venting due to lithium deposition, or undervoltage defects in which the voltage of the battery cell decreases below a certain level.
- a defect occurs inside a battery cell, the performance of the battery cell may deteriorate, and direct problems may occur in the battery cell, such as an increased risk of ignition due to electrolyte leakage. Therefore, a technology to determine whether a battery cell is abnormal is required.
- One purpose of the embodiments disclosed in this document is to provide a battery management device and an operating method thereof capable of accurately diagnosing an abnormal battery cell by removing noise of deviations between a long-term moving average value and a short-term moving average value of a battery's voltage.
- a battery management device may include a voltage measuring unit which measures the voltage of each of a plurality of batteries, and a controller which calculates a deviation between an average voltage of the plurality of batteries and the voltages of each of the plurality of batteries as a first voltage of each of the plurality of batteries, calculates a long-term moving average and a short-term moving average of the first voltage for each of the plurality of batteries, determines at least one noise battery based on the short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries, calculates a first deviation which is a deviation between the long-term moving average and the short-term moving average for each of the plurality of target batteries excluding the at least one noise battery among the plurality of batteries, calculates a second deviation which is an average of the first deviations of the plurality of target batteries, and diagnoses at least one target battery among the plurality of target batteries based on a first diagnosis deviation which is a difference between the first deviation and the second deviation for each of the plurality of target batteries.
- the controller may calculate an average value (Mean), a median value (Median) or a minimum value (Min) of the voltages of the plurality of batteries as the average voltage of the plurality of batteries, and calculate an average value, a median value or a minimum value of the first deviations of the plurality of target batteries as the second deviation.
- the controller may calculate an average, a median, or a minimum of short-term moving averages of the plurality of batteries as an average short-term moving average of the plurality of batteries, and may calculate a deviation between the average short-term moving average of the plurality of batteries and the short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries as a second voltage of each of the plurality of batteries.
- the controller may calculate a long-term moving average of the second voltage of each of the plurality of batteries as ripple noise of each of the plurality of batteries.
- the controller may set a first threshold value by multiplying an average value of ripple noise of the plurality of batteries by a first threshold constant, and determine a battery among the plurality of batteries whose ripple noise is outside the first threshold value as at least one noise battery.
- the controller may normalize the first diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries by dividing the first diagnostic deviation by a maximum value between a value obtained by multiplying the second deviation by a second threshold constant and a third threshold constant, thereby calculating the second diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries.
- the controller can diagnose at least one target battery among the plurality of target batteries based on whether a second diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries exceeds a second threshold value.
- An operating method of a battery management device may include a step of measuring a voltage of each of a plurality of batteries, a step of calculating a deviation between an average voltage of the plurality of batteries and the voltages of each of the plurality of batteries as a first voltage of each of the plurality of batteries, a step of calculating a long-term moving average and a short-term moving average of the first voltage for each of the plurality of batteries, a step of determining at least one noise battery based on the short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries, a step of calculating a first deviation which is a deviation between the long-term moving average and the short-term moving average for each of the plurality of target batteries excluding the at least one noise battery among the plurality of batteries, a step of calculating a second deviation which is an average of the first deviations of the plurality of target batteries, and a step of diagnosing at least one target battery among the plurality of target batteries based on a first diagnostic deviation which is
- the step of calculating a deviation between the average voltage of the plurality of batteries and the voltages of each of the plurality of batteries as the first voltage of each of the plurality of batteries may calculate an average value (Mean), a median value (Median) or a minimum value (Min) of the voltages of the plurality of batteries as the average voltage of the plurality of batteries, and the step of calculating a second deviation as an average of the first deviations of the plurality of target batteries may calculate an average value, a median value or a minimum value of the first deviations of the plurality of target batteries as the second deviation.
- the step of determining at least one noise battery based on the short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries may include calculating an average, a median, or a minimum of the short-term moving averages of the plurality of batteries as an average short-term moving average of the plurality of batteries, and calculating a deviation between the average short-term moving average of the plurality of batteries and the short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries as a second voltage of each of the plurality of batteries.
- the step of determining at least one noise battery based on the short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries may calculate the long-term moving average of the second voltage of each of the plurality of batteries as ripple noise of each of the plurality of batteries.
- the step of determining at least one noisy battery based on a short-term moving average of each of the plurality of batteries may include setting a first threshold value by multiplying an average value of ripple noise of the plurality of batteries by a first threshold constant, and determining a battery among the plurality of batteries whose ripple noise is outside the first threshold value as the at least one noisy battery.
- the step of diagnosing at least one target battery among the plurality of target batteries based on a first diagnostic deviation, which is a difference between the first deviation and the second deviation for each of the plurality of target batteries may include normalizing the first diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries by dividing the first diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries by a maximum value between a value obtained by multiplying the second deviation by a second threshold constant and a third threshold constant, thereby calculating a second diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries.
- the step of diagnosing at least one target battery among the plurality of target batteries based on a first diagnostic deviation, which is a difference between the first deviation and the second deviation for each of the plurality of target batteries may diagnose at least one target battery among the plurality of target batteries based on whether a second diagnostic deviation of each of the plurality of target batteries exceeds a second threshold value.
- noise of deviations between long-term moving average values and short-term moving average values of voltage of a battery can be removed to accurately diagnose an abnormal battery cell.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the voltage of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for identifying a target battery cell of a controller according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a long-term moving average and a short-term moving average of a first voltage of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing ripple noise of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method for diagnosing a target battery cell of a controller according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a second diagnostic deviation of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an operation method for diagnosing a target battery cell of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system that implements an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a battery pack according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- a battery pack (1000) may include a battery module (100), a battery management device (200), and a relay (300).
- the battery module (100) may be a battery cell, in which case the battery pack (1000) may have a cell to pack structure.
- a single battery module (100) is illustrated, but depending on the embodiment, the battery module (100) may be configured with a plurality of battery modules, and the battery pack (1000) may have a stacked structure of a plurality of battery modules.
- the battery module (100) may include a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the plurality of battery cells is illustrated as being four, but is not limited thereto, and the battery module (100) may be configured to include n (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) battery cells.
- each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) may be a cell group or battery bank in which at least two or more battery cells are connected in parallel.
- the battery module (100) can supply power to a target device (not shown).
- the battery module (100) can be electrically connected to the target device.
- the target device can include an electrical, electronic, or mechanical device that operates by receiving power from a battery pack (1000) including a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), and for example, the target device can be, but is not limited to, an electric vehicle (EV) or an energy storage system (ESS).
- EV electric vehicle
- ESS energy storage system
- a plurality of battery cells are basic units of a battery that can be used by charging and discharging electric energy, and may be, but are not limited to, a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer) battery, a nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery, a nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) battery, etc.
- a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery Li-ion polymer
- Ni-Cd nickel-cadmium
- Ni-MH nickel-metal hydride
- a battery management system (BMS) (200) can manage and/or control the state and/or operation of a battery module (100).
- the battery management device (200) can manage and/or control the state and/or operation of a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) included in the battery module (100).
- the battery management device (200) can manage charging and/or discharging of the battery module (100).
- the battery management device (200) can control the operation of the relay (300). For example, the battery management device (200) can short-circuit the relay (300) to supply power to the target device. Additionally, the battery management device (200) can short-circuit the relay (300) when a charging device is connected to the battery pack (1000).
- the battery management device (200) can monitor voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery module (100) and/or each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) included in the battery module (100).
- sensors or various measurement modules not shown may be additionally installed in any location of the battery module (100), a charging/discharging path, or the battery module (100).
- the battery management device (200) can calculate parameters indicating the state of the battery module (100), for example, SOC (State of Charge) or SOH (State of Health), based on the measured values of the monitored voltage, current, temperature, etc.
- the battery management device (200) may diagnose abnormal phenomena inside the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) based on data of various factors that change as the battery cells deteriorate.
- Battery cells may experience faster and greater voltage changes than normal battery cells when they are defective due to various causes, such as defects during the production stage, internal deformation and transformation through multiple charging and discharging, or external impact.
- the battery management device (200) utilizes the phenomenon that battery cells with internal defects experience faster and greater voltage changes than normal battery cells during the idle period, and compares voltage data of the idle periods of each of a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) with statistical normal voltage data of the idle periods of normal battery cells, thereby diagnosing abnormal battery cells among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the battery management device (200) can determine whether an abnormal battery cell exists among a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by utilizing the characteristics of a large deviation and a large bias of an abnormal battery cell compared to a normal battery cell.
- the battery management device (200) can calculate an average value of voltages of a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and a voltage deviation (dV) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the battery management device (200) can use the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to determine an abnormal voltage behavior of at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and diagnose the corresponding battery cell.
- the battery management device (200) can determine a plurality of target battery cells by excluding noise battery cells suspected of being noise data from among the voltage deviations of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). After determining the plurality of target battery cells, the battery management device (200) can diagnose the target battery cells using the voltage deviation data of each of the plurality of target battery cells included in the battery pack (1000). The battery management device (200) can diagnose an abnormal battery cell suspected of having an abnormal voltage using the amplified voltage deviation data.
- the operation of the battery management device (200) below can be performed in various devices such as a server, cloud, charger, or charger/discharger connected to the battery management device (200) or a vehicle equipped with the battery management device (200).
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- the battery management device (200) may include a voltage measurement unit (210) and a controller (220).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can calculate the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can calculate the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) per unit time to calculate time-series data of the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can continuously calculate voltage rise and fall data during charging, a rest period after charging, a rest period after discharging, and a rest period after discharging, and long-term stabilization (Relaxation) data of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the voltage of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- the voltage measurement unit (210) can measure the voltages of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) during charging, a rest period after charging, a discharge period, and a rest period after discharging, and can produce time series data of the voltages of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measurement unit (210) can measure the voltages of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) per unit time and generate a graph representing the voltage change of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can calculate an average voltage (V_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). According to one embodiment, the controller (220) can calculate an average value (Mean), a median value (Median), or a minimum value (Min) of the voltages of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the average voltage (V_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). The controller (220) can calculate a deviation (dV) between the average voltage (V_avg) and the voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- dV deviation
- the controller (220) may calculate the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and the deviation (dV) between the voltages as the first voltage (dV1). In addition, according to one embodiment, the controller (220) may calculate the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) will be described as an example of the deviation (dV) between the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and the average voltage (V_avg), but is not limited thereto.
- the controller (220) can determine at least one noisy battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) based on the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). After determining at least one noisy battery cell based on the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), the controller (220) can identify a plurality of target battery cells excluding at least one noisy battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for identifying a target battery cell of a controller according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- the controller (220) can calculate the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and the deviation (dV) between the voltages as the first voltage (dV1).
- the controller (220) can calculate a moving average of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the moving average is an average of some data extracted while moving a window of a specific size (Window) among the entire data.
- the window is a reference section from which some of the entire data can be extracted to determine data to be used.
- the start point of the window is a point in time preceding the current point in time by a reference time, and the end point of the window is the current point in time. For example, if the window is one week, the controller (220) can extract data acquired for the past one week from the current point in time among the entire data.
- step S102 the controller (220) can calculate a moving average value of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the first voltage (dV1) extracted while moving the window among the time series data of the overall first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- step S102 the controller (220) can calculate a continuous moving average value of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the first voltage (dV1) data continuously extracted while moving the window among the overall first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can measure voltages in the charging, post-charge rest period, discharging, and post-discharging rest period of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate time series data of a long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and a short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- dV1_LMA long-term moving average
- dV1_SMA short-term moving average of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may apply one of a simple moving average, a weighted moving average, or an exponential moving average (EMA) to the entire first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate a voltage deviation (dV) or a moving average value of voltage relative to the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- a simple moving average a weighted moving average
- EMA exponential moving average
- the controller (220) may apply an exponential moving average (EMA) to the entire first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate an exponential moving average value of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- EMA exponential moving average
- the exponential moving average is a type of weighted moving average method that uses data of all past periods while giving a higher weight to recent data.
- the controller (220) may calculate a plurality of moving averages having different window sizes using the first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may calculate a long-term moving average having a relatively long window length (Long) and a short-term moving average having a relatively short window length (Short) using the entire first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the window size of the long-term moving average may include 100 seconds
- the window size of the short-term moving average may include 10 seconds.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing a long-term moving average and a short-term moving average of a first voltage of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in the present document.
- the controller (220) may calculate, for example, a long-term moving average value of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) using the first voltage (dV1) data acquired for the last 100 seconds from the calculation time based on the first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), and may calculate a short-term moving average value of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) using the first voltage (dV1) data acquired for the last 10 seconds from the calculation time.
- the controller (220) can analyze a long-term voltage change trend (Trend) and a short-term voltage change trend of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the continuous long-term moving average value (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average value (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can diagnose whether the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells is abnormal by using the voltage deviation (dV1) compared to the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) or the long-term moving average value (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average value (dV1_SMA) of the voltage.
- dV1 voltage deviation
- V_avg average voltage
- dV1_LMA long-term moving average value
- dV1_SMA short-term moving average value
- the controller (220) can calculate ripple noise based on the short-term moving average value (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the ripple noise is the AC component remaining in the DC output when the AC is rectified in the rectifier circuit, i.e., voltage noise.
- the controller (220) can calculate the average, median, or minimum value of the short-term moving averages (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the average short-term moving average (dV1_SMA_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may calculate a deviation between the average short-term moving average (dV1_SMA_avg) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). According to one embodiment, the controller (220) may calculate a deviation between the average short-term moving average (dV1_SMA_avg) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as a second voltage (dV2).
- dV2 second voltage
- the controller (220) may measure the second voltage (dV2) in the charging, post-charging rest period, discharging, and post-discharging rest period of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate time series data of a long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- dV2_LMA long-term moving average
- the controller (220) may apply any one of a simple moving average, a weighted moving average, or an exponential moving average to the entire second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate the long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- a simple moving average a weighted moving average
- dV2_LMA long-term moving average
- the controller (220) may apply an exponential moving average (EMA) to the entire second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate an exponential moving average of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may calculate a long-term moving average (Long Moving Average) having a relatively long window length by using the entire second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the size of the window of the Long Moving Average may include 100 seconds.
- the controller (220) can calculate the long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the ripple noise of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing ripple noise of a battery cell according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- the controller (220) may use the second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate a long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) having a relatively long window length (Long) as ripple noise of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- a long-term moving average dV2_LMA
- the size of the window of the long-term moving average may include 100 seconds.
- the controller (220) can set a first threshold value by multiplying the average value (dV2_LMA_avg) of the ripple noise (dV2_LMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by a first threshold constant (C1).
- the first threshold constant (C1) can include '1.5'.
- the controller (220) can set a value obtained by multiplying the average value (dV2_LMA_avg) of the ripple noise (dV2_LMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by the first threshold constant (C1) '1.5' as the first threshold value.
- the threshold value can be defined as a reference value that can be determined as 'abnormal' when an extreme result occurs. That is, the threshold value can be defined as a criterion indicating how much the data contradicts a specific statistical model.
- the controller (220) can determine whether the ripple noise (dV2_LMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) exceeds the first threshold value.
- the controller (220) can identify a battery cell among a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) whose ripple noise (dV2_LMA) is lower than or equal to a first threshold value as a target battery cell.
- the controller (220) can determine a battery cell among a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) whose ripple noise (dV2_LMA) exceeds the first threshold value as a noisy battery cell.
- the controller (220) can remove data of noise battery cells among a plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and identify battery cells from which noise battery cells have been removed as target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can diagnose the target battery cell based on the deviation between the long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a method for diagnosing a target battery cell of a controller according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- step S201 the controller (220) can calculate the deviation of the long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells as the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- step S201 that is, the controller (220) can continuously calculate the voltage deviation (dV1) with respect to the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of target battery cells or the deviation of the long-term behavior and the short-term behavior of the voltage.
- step S201 the controller (220) can measure voltages in the charge, post-charge rest, discharge, and post-discharge rest sections of a plurality of target battery cells to produce time series data of a first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA), which is a deviation of a long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and a short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA a first deviation of a long-term moving average
- dV1_SMA short-term moving average
- the controller (220) can continuously calculate the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells calculated during a unit time.
- step S202 the controller (220) can calculate a second deviation ((dV1_LMA- dV1_SMA )_AVG), which is an average of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can calculate an average, a median, or a minimum value of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells as the second deviation ((dV1_LMA- dV1_SMA )_AVG).
- step S202 the controller (220) continuously calculates the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and calculates the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA)_AVG), which is an average, median, or minimum value of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells, using the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) continuously calculates the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and calculates the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA)_AVG), which is an average, median, or minimum value of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of
- step S202 the controller (220) can continuously calculate the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time. That is, the controller (220) can calculate the average value of the long-term behavior and the short-term behavior of the voltage deviation of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can calculate a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells, which is the difference between the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) and the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can calculate a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells based on [Mathematical Formula 1].
- the controller (220) can calculate the difference between the plurality of first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) and the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA)_AVG) as the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can measure voltages in the charge, post-charge rest, discharge, and post-discharge rest sections of a plurality of target battery cells to produce time series data of a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells, which is the difference between a first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) and a second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA)_AVG) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- D1 first diagnostic deviation
- the controller (220) can continuously calculate the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and generate a graph showing the change in the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) calculates a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells and can compare the deviation of the long-term behavior and short-term behavior of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells with the deviation of the average long-term behavior and short-term behavior of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells to produce a second diagnostic deviation (D2).
- the controller (220) can normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells based on [Mathematical Formula 2] below to calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- 2nd diagnostic deviation 1st diagnostic deviation / Max[
- step S204 the controller (220) can calculate a maximum value (Max) among a value (
- Max a maximum value among a value (
- the controller (220) can normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by using a value obtained by multiplying the absolute value of the second deviation by the third threshold constant and a maximum value (Max[
- the second critical constant (C2) may include '0.1'
- the third critical constant (C3) may include '0.1'
- the second critical constant (C2) and the third critical constant (C3) may be changed according to the size and characteristics of the first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by using the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) representing the behavior of the average voltage (V_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2).
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells through a logarithmic operation. That is, the controller (220) may calculate the value obtained by normalizing the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells through a logarithmic operation as the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) may set the average value (D2_avg) of the first diagnostic deviations (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells as a normalization reference value.
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by dividing the average value (D2_avg) of the first diagnostic deviations (D1) by using the average value (D2_avg) of the second diagnostic deviations as a normalization reference value.
- the controller (220) may calculate a normalized value by dividing the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by the average value (D2_avg) of the second diagnostic deviations as the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells according to various embodiments to calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- step S204 the controller (220) can continuously calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and generate a graph representing the change in the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- step S205 the controller (220) can determine whether the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells exceeds the second threshold value.
- the second threshold value is a criterion for determining the target battery cell as a normal battery cell or an abnormal battery cell in which an abnormal voltage behavior has occurred.
- the controller (220) can diagnose at least one target battery cell among the plurality of target battery cells based on whether the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells exceeds the threshold value.
- the controller (220) can diagnose a target battery cell among a plurality of target battery cells in which a second diagnostic deviation (D2) exceeds a second threshold value as an abnormal battery cell.
- the controller (220) may increase a diagnostic count value of at least one target battery cell if a second diagnostic deviation (D2) of at least one target battery cell among the plurality of target battery cells exceeds a second threshold value.
- the controller (220) may diagnose at least one target battery cell if a diagnostic count value of at least one target battery cell among the plurality of target battery cells is equal to or greater than a threshold count value.
- the controller (220) can diagnose at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), and then track and monitor whether there is a defect, such as whether an internal short circuit has occurred, whether an external short circuit has occurred, or whether lithium has been precipitated, inside the battery cell. If the controller (220) determines that an internal defect has occurred in the battery cell as a result of the diagnosis, the controller can provide information about the battery cell to the user. For example, the controller (220) can provide information about a battery cell in which an internal short circuit has occurred to a user terminal through a communication unit (not shown), and can also provide information about the battery cell through a display equipped in a vehicle or a charger.
- a communication unit not shown
- noise of the long-term moving average and short-term moving average of the voltage deviation which is the difference between the voltage and the average voltage of the battery cell, can be removed to accurately diagnose an abnormal battery cell.
- the battery management device (200) minimizes distortion of the voltage of a battery cell, removes noise data, and reflects the bias of the voltage of the battery cell to amplify the voltage behavior of an abnormal battery cell, thereby improving the accuracy of diagnosis.
- the battery management device (200) can diagnose battery cells in which abnormal voltage behavior has occurred early by using the deviation of the long-term moving average value and the short-term moving average value of the voltage deviation of the battery cell, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of battery energy.
- the battery management device (200) can diagnose battery cells in which abnormal voltage behavior has occurred while the battery is installed in the vehicle, so that separate separation of the battery is not necessary, and thus the battery cell can be diagnosed quickly and easily.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an operation method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- the battery management device (200) may be substantially the same as the battery management device (200) described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8, and therefore, it is briefly described below to avoid duplication of explanation.
- the operating method of the battery management device may include a step of measuring the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries (S301), a step of calculating a deviation between the average voltage of the plurality of batteries and the voltages of each of the plurality of batteries as a first voltage of each of the plurality of batteries (S302), a step of calculating a long-term moving average value and a short-term moving average value of the first voltage for each of the plurality of batteries (S303), a step of determining at least one noise battery based on the short-term moving average value of each of the plurality of batteries (S304), a step of calculating a first deviation which is a deviation between the long-term moving average value and the short-term moving average value for each of the plurality of target batteries excluding at least one noise battery among the plurality of batteries (S305), a step of calculating a second deviation which is an average of the first deviations of the plurality of target batteries (S306), and a step of diagnosing at least one target
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can calculate the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can calculate the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) per unit time to calculate time-series data of the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can continuously calculate data of voltage rise and fall during charging, a rest period after charging, a rest period after discharging, and a rest period after discharging, and long-term stabilization (Relaxation) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can measure the voltages of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) during charging, a rest period after charging, a discharge period, and a rest period after discharging, and can produce time series data of the voltages of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the voltage measuring unit (210) can measure the voltages of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) per unit time and generate a graph representing the voltage change of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can calculate an average voltage (V_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). According to one embodiment, the controller (220) can calculate an average value (Mean), a median value (Median), or a minimum value (Min) of the voltages of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the average voltage (V_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). In step S302, the controller (220) can calculate a deviation (dV) between the average voltage (V_avg) and the voltages for each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- dV deviation
- the controller (220) may calculate the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and the deviation (dV) between the voltages as the first voltage (dV1). In addition, according to one embodiment, the controller (220) may calculate the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the first voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) will be described as an example of the deviation (dV) between the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and the average voltage (V_avg), but is not limited thereto.
- the controller (220) can calculate a moving average of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the moving average is an average of some data extracted while moving a window of a specific size (Size) among the entire data.
- the window is a reference section from which some of the entire data can be extracted to determine data to be used.
- the start point of the window is a point in time before the reference time from the present point in time, and the end point of the window is the present point in time. For example, if the window is one week, the controller (220) can extract data acquired for the past one week from the present point in time among the entire data.
- step S303 the controller (220) can calculate a moving average value of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the first voltage (dV1) extracted while moving the window among the time series data of the overall first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- step S303 the controller (220) can calculate a continuous moving average value of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the first voltage (dV1) data continuously extracted while moving the window among the overall first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can measure voltages in the charging, post-charge rest period, discharging, and post-discharging rest period of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate time series data of a long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and a short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- dV1_LMA long-term moving average
- dV1_SMA short-term moving average of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may apply one of a simple moving average, a weighted moving average, or an exponential moving average (EMA) to the entire first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate a voltage deviation (dV) or a moving average value of voltage relative to the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- a simple moving average a weighted moving average
- EMA exponential moving average
- the controller (220) may apply an exponential moving average (EMA) to the entire first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate an exponential moving average value of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- EMA exponential moving average
- the exponential moving average is a type of weighted moving average method that uses data of all past periods while giving a higher weight to recent data.
- the controller (220) may calculate a plurality of moving averages having different window sizes using the first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may calculate a long-term moving average having a relatively long window length (Long) and a short-term moving average having a relatively short window length (Short) using the entire first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the window size of the long-term moving average may include 100 seconds
- the window size of the short-term moving average may include 10 seconds.
- the controller (220) can determine at least one noisy battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) based on the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can determine at least one noisy battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) based on the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), and then identify a plurality of target battery cells excluding at least one noisy battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may calculate a long-term moving average value of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the first voltage (dV1) data acquired for the last 100 seconds from the calculation time point using the first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), for example, and may calculate a short-term moving average value of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the first voltage (dV1) data acquired for the last 10 seconds from the calculation time point.
- step S303 the controller (220) can analyze a long-term voltage change trend (Trend) and a short-term voltage change trend of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by using the continuous long-term moving average value (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average value (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can diagnose whether the voltage of each of the plurality of battery cells is abnormal by using the voltage deviation (dV1) compared to the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) or the long-term moving average value (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average value (dV1_SMA) of the voltage.
- dV1 voltage deviation
- V_avg average voltage
- dV1_LMA long-term moving average value
- dV1_SMA short-term moving average value
- the controller (220) can calculate ripple noise based on the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- step S304 the controller (220) can calculate the average, median, or minimum value of the short-term moving averages (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the average short-term moving average (dV1_SMA_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- step S304 the controller (220) may calculate a deviation between the average short-term moving average (dV1_SMA_avg) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140). According to one embodiment, the controller (220) may calculate a deviation between the average short-term moving average (dV1_SMA_avg) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as a second voltage (dV2).
- dV2 second voltage
- the controller (220) may use the second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate a long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) having a relatively long window length (Long) as ripple noise of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- a long-term moving average dV2_LMA
- the size of the window of the long-term moving average may include 100 seconds.
- the controller (220) may measure the second voltage (dV2) in the charging, post-charging rest period, discharging, and post-discharging rest period of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate time series data of a long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- dV2_LMA long-term moving average
- the controller (220) may apply any one of a simple moving average, a weighted moving average, or an exponential moving average to the entire second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate the long-term moving average (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- a simple moving average a weighted moving average
- dV2_LMA long-term moving average
- the controller (220) may apply an exponential moving average (EMA) to the entire second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate an exponential moving average of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may calculate a long-term moving average (Long Moving Average) having a relatively long window length by using the entire second voltage (dV2) data of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the size of the window of the Long Moving Average may include 100 seconds.
- the controller (220) can calculate the long-term moving average value (dV2_LMA) of the second voltage (dV2) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) as the ripple noise of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) may set a first threshold value by multiplying the average value (dV2_LMA_avg) of the ripple noise (dV2_LMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by a first threshold constant (C1).
- the first threshold constant (C1) may include '1.5'.
- the controller (220) may set a value obtained by multiplying the average value (dV2_LMA_avg) of the ripple noise (dV2_LMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) by the first threshold constant (C1) '1.5' as the first threshold value.
- the threshold value may be defined as a reference value that can be determined as 'abnormal' when an extreme result occurs. That is, the threshold value may be defined as a criterion indicating how much the data contradicts a specific statistical model.
- the controller (220) can determine whether the ripple noise (dV2_LMA) of each of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) exceeds the first threshold value.
- the controller (220) can identify a battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) whose ripple noise (dV2_LMA) is lower than or equal to a first threshold value as a target battery cell.
- the controller (220) can determine a battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) whose ripple noise (dV2_LMA) is higher than the first threshold value as a noisy battery cell.
- step S304 the controller (220) can remove data of noise battery cells among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) and identify the battery cells from which the noise battery cells have been removed as target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can diagnose the target battery cells based on a deviation between a long-term moving average value (dV1_LMA) and a short-term moving average value (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- dV1_LMA long-term moving average value
- dV1_SMA short-term moving average value
- step S305 the controller (220) can calculate the deviation of the long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and the short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells as the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- step S201 that is, the controller (220) can continuously calculate the voltage deviation (dV1) with respect to the average voltage (V_avg) of each of the plurality of target battery cells or the deviation of the long-term behavior and the short-term behavior of the voltage.
- step S305 the controller (220) can measure voltages in the charge, post-charge rest, discharge, and post-discharge rest sections of the plurality of target battery cells to calculate time series data of a first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA), which is a deviation of a long-term moving average (dV1_LMA) and a short-term moving average (dV1_SMA) of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can continuously calculate the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells calculated for a unit time.
- the controller (220) can calculate a second deviation ((dV_LMA- dV_SMA)_AVG), which is an average of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can calculate an average, a median, or a minimum value of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells as the second deviation ((dV1_LMA- dV1_SMA)_AVG).
- step S306 the controller (220) can continuously calculate the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and can calculate the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG), which is an average, a median, or a minimum value of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells, using the first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can continuously calculate the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and can calculate the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG), which is an average, a median, or a minimum value of the first deviations (dV1_LMA - d
- step S306 the controller (220) can continuously calculate the second deviations ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time. That is, the controller (220) can calculate the average value of the deviations of the long-term behavior and the short-term behavior of the voltage deviations of the plurality of target battery cells.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an operation method for diagnosing a target battery cell of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- the controller (220) can calculate a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells, which is the difference between the first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) and the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can calculate a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells based on [Mathematical Formula 3].
- the controller (220) can calculate the difference between the plurality of first deviations (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) and the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA)_AVG) as the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- step S401 the controller (220) can measure voltages in the charge, post-charge rest, discharge, and post-discharge rest sections of the plurality of target battery cells to calculate time series data of a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells, which is a difference between a first deviation (dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA) and a second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can continuously calculate the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time to generate a graph representing a change in the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) calculates a first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells and compares the deviation of the long-term behavior and short-term behavior of the first voltage (dV1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells to the deviation of the average long-term behavior and short-term behavior of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140).
- the controller (220) can normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells to produce a second diagnostic deviation (D2).
- the controller (220) can normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells based on [Mathematical Formula 2] below to calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- 2nd diagnostic deviation 1st diagnostic deviation / Max[
- step S402 the controller (220) can calculate a maximum value (Max) among a value (
- Max a maximum value among a value (
- the controller (220) can normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by using a value obtained by multiplying the absolute value of the second deviation by the third threshold constant and a maximum value (Max[
- the second critical constant (C2) may include '0.1'
- the third critical constant (C3) may include '0.1'
- the second critical constant (C2) and the third critical constant (C3) may be changed according to the size and characteristics of the first voltage (dV1) data of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by using the second deviation ((dV1_LMA - dV1_SMA )_AVG) representing the behavior of the average voltage (V_avg) of the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140) to calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2).
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells through a logarithmic operation. That is, the controller (220) may calculate the value obtained by normalizing the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells through a logarithmic operation as the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) may set the average value (D2_avg) of the first diagnostic deviations (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells as a normalization reference value.
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by dividing the average value (D2_avg) of the first diagnostic deviations (D1) by using the average value (D2_avg) of the second diagnostic deviations as a normalization reference value.
- the controller (220) may calculate a normalized value by dividing the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells by the average value (D2_avg) of the second diagnostic deviations as the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) may normalize the first diagnostic deviation (D1) of each of the plurality of target battery cells according to various embodiments to calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- step S402 the controller (220) can continuously calculate the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells per unit time, and generate a graph representing the change in the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells.
- the controller (220) can determine whether the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells exceeds the second threshold value.
- the second threshold value is a criterion for determining the target battery cell as a normal battery cell or an abnormal battery cell in which an abnormal voltage behavior has occurred.
- the controller (220) can diagnose at least one target battery cell among the plurality of target battery cells based on whether the second diagnostic deviation (D2) of each of the plurality of target battery cells exceeds the threshold value.
- the controller (220) can diagnose a target battery cell among a plurality of target battery cells in which a second diagnostic deviation (D2) exceeds a second threshold value as an abnormal battery cell.
- the controller (220) may increase a diagnostic count value of at least one target battery cell if a second diagnostic deviation (D2) of at least one target battery cell among the plurality of target battery cells exceeds a second threshold value.
- the controller (220) may diagnose at least one target battery cell if a diagnostic count value of at least one target battery cell among the plurality of target battery cells is equal to or greater than a threshold count value.
- the controller (220) can diagnose at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells (110, 120, 130, 140), and then track and monitor whether there is a defect, such as whether an internal short circuit has occurred, whether an external short circuit has occurred, or whether lithium has been precipitated, inside the battery cell. If the controller (220) determines that an internal defect has occurred in the battery cell as a result of the diagnosis, the controller can provide information about the battery cell to the user. For example, the controller (220) can provide information about a battery cell in which an internal short circuit has occurred to a user terminal through a communication unit (not shown), and can also provide information about the battery cell through a display equipped in a vehicle or a charger.
- a communication unit not shown
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the hardware configuration of a computing system that implements an operating method of a battery management device according to one embodiment disclosed in this document.
- a computing system (2000) may include an MCU (2100), a memory (2200), an input/output I/F (2300), and a communication I/F (2400).
- the MCU (2100) may be a processor that executes various programs (e.g., a battery voltage deviation analysis program) stored in the memory (2200), processes various data from these programs, and performs the functions of the battery management device (200) shown in FIG. 1 described above.
- programs e.g., a battery voltage deviation analysis program
- the MCU (2100) may be a processor that executes various programs (e.g., a battery voltage deviation analysis program) stored in the memory (2200), processes various data from these programs, and performs the functions of the battery management device (200) shown in FIG. 1 described above.
- the memory (2200) can store various programs related to the operation of the battery management device (200). In addition, the memory (2200) can store operation data of the battery management device (200).
- the memories (2200) may be provided in multiple numbers as needed.
- the memories (2200) may be volatile memories or nonvolatile memories.
- volatile memories (2200) RAM, DRAM, SRAM, etc. may be used.
- nonvolatile memories (2200) ROM, PROM, EAROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memories, etc. may be used.
- the examples of the memories (2200) listed above are only examples and are not limited to these examples.
- the input/output I/F (2300) can provide an interface that enables data to be transmitted and received between an input device (not shown) such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel, and an output device (not shown) such as a display and the MCU (2100).
- an input device such as a keyboard, mouse, or touch panel
- an output device such as a display and the MCU (2100).
- the communication I/F (2400) is a configuration that can transmit and receive various data with the server, and may be various devices that can support wired or wireless communication. For example, programs for resistance measurement and abnormality diagnosis or various data can be transmitted and received from a separately provided external server through the communication I/F (2400).
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 복수의 배터리 각각의 전압을 측정하는 전압 측정부; 및상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 전압 및 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 전압 간의 편차를 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제1 전압으로 산출하고,상기 복수의 배터리 각각에 대해 제1 전압의 장기 이동 평균값 및 단기 이동 평균값을 산출하고,상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값을 기초로 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 판단하고,상기 복수의 배터리 중 상기 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 제외한 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각에 대해 상기 장기 이동 평균값 및 단기 이동 평균값 간의 편차인 제1 편차를 산출하고,상기 복수의 타겟 배터리의 제1 편차의 평균인 제2 편차를 산출하고, 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각에 대해 상기 제1 편차와 상기 제2 편차 간의 차이인 제1 진단 편차에 기초하여 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 중 적어도 하나의 타겟 배터리를 진단하는 컨트롤러를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1 항에 있어서,상기 컨트롤러는 상기 복수의 배터리의 전압의 평균값(Mean), 중앙값(Median) 또는 최소값(Min)을 상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 전압으로 산출하고, 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리의 제1 편차의 평균값, 중앙값 또는 최소값을 상기 제2 편차로 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2 항에 있어서,상기 컨트롤러는 상기 복수의 배터리의 단기 이동 평균값의 평균값, 중앙값 또는 최소값을 상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 단기 이동 평균값으로 산출하고,상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 단기 이동 평균값과 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값의 편차를 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제2 전압으로 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제3 항에 있어서,상기 컨트롤러는 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제2 전압의 장기 이동 평균값을 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 리플 노이즈(Ripple Noise)로 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4 항에 있어서,상기 컨트롤러는 상기 복수의 배터리의 리플 노이즈의 평균값에 제1 임계 상수를 곱하여 제1 임계값을 설정하고,상기 복수의 배터리 중 상기 리플 노이즈가 상기 제1 임계값 이외인 배터리를 상기 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리로 판단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2 항에 있어서,상기 컨트롤러는 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각의 제1 진단 편차를 상기 제2 편차에 제2 임계 상수를 곱하여 얻어지는 값과 제3 임계 상수 중 최대값으로 나누어 정규화(Normalization)하여 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각의 제2 진단 편차를 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제6 항에 있어서,상기 컨트롤러는 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각의 제2 진단 편차의 제2 임계값 초과 여부를 기초로 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 중 적어도 하나의 타겟 배터리를 진단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 복수의 배터리 각각의 전압을 측정하는 단계;상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 전압 및 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 전압 간의 편차를 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제1 전압으로 산출하는 단계;상기 복수의 배터리 각각에 대해 제1 전압의 장기 이동 평균값 및 단기 이동 평균값을 산출하는 단계;상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값을 기초로 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 판단하는 단계;상기 복수의 배터리 중 상기 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 제외한 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각에 대해 상기 장기 이동 평균값 및 단기 이동 평균값 간의 편차인 제1 편차를 산출하는 단계;상기 복수의 타겟 배터리의 제1 편차의 평균인 제2 편차를 산출하는 단계; 및상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각에 대해 상기 제1 편차와 상기 제2 편차 간의 차이인 제1 진단 편차에 기초하여 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 중 적어도 하나의 타겟 배터리를 진단하는 단계를 포함하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
- 제8 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 전압 및 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 전압 간의 편차를 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제1 전압으로 산출하는 단계는상기 복수의 배터리의 전압의 평균값(Mean), 중앙값(Median) 또는 최소값(Min)을 상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 전압으로 산출하고,상기 복수의 타겟 배터리의 제1 편차의 평균인 제2 편차를 산출하는 단계는상기 복수의 타겟 배터리의 제1 편차의 평균값, 중앙값 또는 최소값을 상기 제2 편차로 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
- 제9 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값을 기초로 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 판단하는 단계는상기 복수의 배터리의 단기 이동 평균값의 평균값, 중앙값 또는 최소값을 상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 단기 이동 평균값으로 산출하고,상기 복수의 배터리의 평균 단기 이동 평균값과 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값의 편차를 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제2 전압으로 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
- 제10 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값을 기초로 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 판단하는 단계는상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 제2 전압의 장기 이동 평균값을 상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 리플 노이즈(Ripple Noise)로 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
- 제11 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 배터리 각각의 단기 이동 평균값을 기초로 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리를 판단하는 단계는상기 복수의 배터리의 리플 노이즈의 평균값에 제1 임계 상수를 곱하여 제1 임계값을 설정하고, 상기 복수의 배터리 중 상기 리플 노이즈가 상기 제1 임계값 이외인 배터리를 상기 적어도 하나의 노이즈 배터리로 판단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
- 제12 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각에 대해 상기 제1 편차와 상기 제2 편차 간의 차이인 제1 진단 편차에 기초하여 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 중 적어도 하나의 타겟 배터리를 진단하는 단계는상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각의 제1 진단 편차를 상기 제2 편차에 제2 임계 상수를 곱하여 얻어지는 값과 제3 임계 상수 중 최대값으로 나누어 정규화(Normalization)하여 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각의 제2 진단 편차를 산출하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
- 제13 항에 있어서,상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각에 대해 상기 제1 편차와 상기 제2 편차 간의 차이인 제1 진단 편차에 기초하여 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 중 적어도 하나의 타겟 배터리를 진단하는 단계는상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 각각의 제2 진단 편차의 제2 임계값 초과 여부를 기초로 상기 복수의 타겟 배터리 중 적어도 하나의 타겟 배터리를 진단하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치의 동작 방법.
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| EP24840065.7A EP4726420A1 (en) | 2023-07-12 | 2024-07-09 | Battery management apparatus and operating method thereof |
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|---|---|
| EP4726420A1 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
| KR20250010435A (ko) | 2025-01-21 |
| CN121464368A (zh) | 2026-02-03 |
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