WO2025012012A1 - Kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin und mindestens ein prozesshilfsmittel enthaltend mindestens eine fettsäure - Google Patents
Kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin und mindestens ein prozesshilfsmittel enthaltend mindestens eine fettsäure Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025012012A1 WO2025012012A1 PCT/EP2024/068533 EP2024068533W WO2025012012A1 WO 2025012012 A1 WO2025012012 A1 WO 2025012012A1 EP 2024068533 W EP2024068533 W EP 2024068533W WO 2025012012 A1 WO2025012012 A1 WO 2025012012A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the invention relates to rubber mixtures containing at least one rubber, at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, at least one vulcanization accelerator containing polyethyleneimine, and at least one processing aid containing at least one fatty acid, their production and use, and the vulcanizates obtainable thereby by the vulcanization process, in particular in the form of tires, parts of tires or technical rubber articles.
- aniline and other nitrogen-containing organic compounds such as hexamethylenetetramine or thiocarbanilide have been used as accelerators.
- Sulfur is often used to crosslink rubber mixtures.
- crosslinking rubbers with sulfur accelerator systems offers the advantage that the use of different accelerators and their combinations allows the processing and product properties to be varied over a wide range, such as the setting of the induction period (scorch time), which should not be too short, and the reaction speed, which is preferably high and thus leads to a short vulcanization time.
- So-called secondary accelerators can be added to the rubber mixtures to regulate the induction and vulcanization time.
- Guanidine accelerators are among the best-known secondary accelerators. They are slow-acting accelerators that can be used to adjust the scorch and/or cure time.
- the stress value characteristic as an indicator of the vulcanization progress of rubber compounds with guanidine accelerators is typically characterized by a slow increase and relatively late reaching of the maximum.
- These accelerators when used alone, usually lead to a relatively unfavorable flow time/heating time ratio and to a relatively strong reversion in the rubber vulcanizate.
- primary accelerators such as sulfenamide-based accelerators.
- Accelerators are usually added in processes for producing rubber compounds in the last mixing stage together with sulfur, as described in EP2858831 B1. This discloses the production and vulcanization of rubber compounds which, in addition to rubber, silica, silane and sulfur, contain the guanidine accelerator diphenylguanidine (DPG).
- DPG guanidine accelerator diphenylguanidine
- DPG can also fulfil other functions beyond its pure function as an accelerator.
- silica used as a filler, which is further enhanced by the use of silanes, it accelerates the reaction between silane and silica, improves the filler dispersion, prevents the constant increase in the rheometer curve (marching modulus), which undesirably prevents a vulcanization plateau from being reached, and improves the scorch properties of the mixture.
- DPG is used together with silica and silane in the first mixing stage in the process for producing rubber mixtures, as described, for example, in US2005/0016651 A1.
- a major challenge in the development of tire rubber compounds is improving the conflicting objectives between rolling resistance, wet braking and abrasion.
- the loss factor tan delta at 60 °C preferably at a measuring frequency of 10 Hz, is used as an indicator for rolling resistance.
- the tan delta at 0 °C, preferably at a measuring frequency of 10 Hz is used as an indicator for wet braking, and the DIN abrasion is considered an indicator for abrasion resistance.
- the Payne effect serves as an indicator for the quality of the filler dispersion.
- WO2010136345A1 functionalized rubbers were used together with a trimethylolpropane fatty acid mixture in rubber mixtures to improve rolling resistance and wet skid resistance.
- the rubber mixtures contained DPG as a vulcanization accelerator.
- guanidine accelerators release volatile organic amine compounds under vulcanization conditions.
- the accelerator most commonly used in practice, DPG, splits off aniline during vulcanization.
- DPG splits off aniline during vulcanization.
- Polyethylenimine as a DPG substitute is described in EP3186307B1, but it is only added in the last mixing stage.
- JP6655949B2 discloses the use of polyethyleneimine in the first mixing stage in the process for producing SBR/NR and SBR/BR-containing rubber mixtures with silica as filler and Si69® as silane. However, a loss of abrasion resistance of the resulting vulcanizates is observed.
- the present invention is based on the object of providing rubber mixtures which are less toxicologically harmful and do not release any volatile organic amines during vulcanization, in which the application-relevant properties, preferably the Mooney viscosity, the Mooney scorch behavior, the dispersibility of the filler, more preferably wet braking, rolling resistance and abrasion resistance, are equally good, preferably better, than in the corresponding guanidine-containing rubber mixtures or vulcanizates.
- other application-related properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break are equally good, preferably better, than in the corresponding guanidine-containing rubber mixtures or vulcanizates.
- the present invention therefore relates to rubber mixtures containing
- DPG diphenylguanidine
- DDG di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine
- 1-(ortho-tolyl)biguanide in the rubber mixture is a maximum of 0.4 phr, preferably a maximum of 0.2 phr, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.1 phr and very particularly preferably a maximum of 0.01 phr.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one rubber.
- This can be, for example, natural rubber (NR) and/or a synthetic rubber.
- Preferred polar and non-polar synthetic rubbers are
- NBR - butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers with acrylonitrile contents of 5-60, preferably 10-50 wt.%
- SIBR styrene-isoprene-butadiene rubber
- the at least one synthetic rubber can be unfunctionalized or functionalized.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain at least one functionalized synthetic rubber.
- the above statements for the unfunctionalized synthetic rubbers apply, with the difference that in the case of functionalized synthetic rubbers, these are functionalized.
- functionalized synthetic rubber is understood to mean a synthetic rubber which is substituted on the main chain and/or on the end groups by one or more functional groups, preferably selected from carboxyl groups, mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups, siloxane groups, hydroxy groups, ethoxy groups, epoxy groups, amino groups, phthalocyanine groups, silane sulfide groups and metal atom-containing groups, particularly preferably selected from mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups and hydroxy groups, very particularly preferably selected from mercaptan groups and alkoxysilane groups.
- Unfunctionalized synthetic rubbers within the scope of the present invention do not contain the aforementioned substitutions by functional groups.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of polar and non-polar functionalized synthetic rubbers.
- the at least one functionalized synthetic rubber is selected from the group consisting of functionalized SBR, functionalized BR and functionalized IR rubber, particularly preferably from functionalized SBR and functionalized BR rubber.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one functionalized SBR rubber and/or one functionalized BR rubber, particularly preferably at least one functionalized SBR and at least one functionalized BR rubber.
- the at least one rubber is selected from the group consisting of natural rubber and synthetic rubbers, preferably at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, particularly preferably at least one functionalized synthetic rubber selected from the group consisting of functionalized SBR, functionalized BR and functionalized IR rubber, very particularly preferably from functionalized SBR and functionalized BR rubber.
- the at least one functionalized SBR rubber is substituted on the main chain and/or on the end groups by one or more functional groups, in particular selected from mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups and hydroxyl groups, particularly preferably by several functional groups which are mercaptan groups and alkoxysilane groups.
- the at least one functionalized SBR rubber is SPRINTAN® SLR 3402 from Trinseo.
- the functionalized SBR rubber can be solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) or emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR), whereby a mixture of at least one functionalized SSBR and at least one functionalized ESBR can also be used.
- SSBR solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber
- ESBR emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber
- the molecular weight (Mw) of the styrene-butadiene copolymers can vary over a wide range. Preference is given to styrene-butadiene copolymers with an Mw of 250,000 to 600,000 g/mol, particularly preferred are those with an Mw of 350,000 to 500,000 g/mol.
- the at least one functionalized BR rubber is substituted on the main chain and/or on the end groups by one or more functional groups selected from mercaptan groups, alkoxysilane groups and hydroxyl groups, particularly preferably by alkoxysilane groups.
- the at least one functionalized BR rubber is NIPOL® BR 1261 from Zeon.
- the molecular weight of the butadiene polymers can vary over a wide range.
- Butadiene polymers with a Mw of 250,000 to 5,000,000 g/mol are preferred.
- Polybutadiene with a cis content greater than or equal to 90% by weight is referred to as high-cis type and polybutadiene with a cis content less than 90% by weight is referred to as low-cis type.
- a low-cis polybutadiene is, for example, Li-BR (lithium-catalyzed butadiene rubber) with a cis content of 20 to 50% by weight.
- a high-cis type of functionalized BR rubber is preferred within the scope of the present invention.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 0 to 100 phr of at least one functionalized synthetic rubber, particularly preferably 50 to 100 phr, very particularly preferably 70-100 phr.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one functionalized SBR rubber and at least one functionalized BR rubber in a weight ratio SBR:BR of 100:0 to 0:100, particularly preferably 90:10 to 10:90, very particularly preferably 90:10 to 30:70, very particularly preferably 80:20 to 50:50.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 0 to 100 phr of at least one unfunctionalized synthetic rubber and/or at least one natural rubber, particularly preferably 0 to 50 phr, very particularly preferably 0 to 30 phr.
- the at least one hydroxyl group-containing oxidic filler is preferably selected from the group consisting of silicas, synthetic silicates and natural silicates.
- the content of hydroxyl-containing oxidic fillers in the rubber mixtures according to the invention is preferably 0.1 to 250 phr, particularly preferably 20 to 200 phr, very particularly preferably 25 to 180 phr and most preferably 30 to 160 phr.
- Oxidic fillers containing hydroxyl groups are preferably those from the series of
- Silicic acids in particular with a specific surface area (BET) of 5 to 1000, preferably 20 to 400 m 2 /g, preferably with primary particle sizes of 100 to 400 nm, wherein the Silicic acids may also be present as mixed oxides with other metal oxides, such as Al, Mg, Ca, Ba, Zr, Ti oxides,
- silicates such as aluminium silicate, alkaline earth silicates such as magnesium silicate or calcium silicate, with specific surface areas (BET) of 20 to 400 m 2 /g, preferably with primary particle sizes of 10 to 400 nm and
- the BET surface areas mentioned above are determined according to DIN ISO 9277.
- the size specifications for the primary particle sizes are based on measurements with a testing device for particle analysis using scattered light.
- the calculation of the particle size is based on the Mie theory, which describes the interaction between light and matter (DIN/ISO 13320).
- the silicas are preferably obtained by precipitation of solutions of silicates or flame hydrolysis of silicon halides.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler from the series of silicas, in particular with a specific surface area (BET) in the range from 5 to 1000, preferably 20 to 400 m 2 /g in an amount of 0.1 to 250 phr, preferably 20 to 200 phr, particularly preferably from 25 to 180 phr, very particularly preferably 30 to 160 phr.
- BET specific surface area
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain at least one carbon black as filler.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one carbon black as filler.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one carbon black in an amount of 0.1 to 120 phr, particularly preferably 0.1 to 100 phr, very particularly preferably 1 to 70 phr, most preferably 2 to 40 phr.
- carbon blacks which are obtainable by the lamp black, furnace black or gas black process and which have a specific surface area (BET) in the range from 20 to 200 m 2 /g, such as SAF, ISAF, IISAF, HAF, FEF or GPF carbon blacks.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one carbon black with a specific surface area (BET) in the range from 20 to 200 m 2 /g.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention particularly preferably contain at least one of the above-mentioned silicas and at least one of the above-mentioned carbon blacks as fillers.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention very particularly preferably contain as fillers 25 to 180 phr, preferably 30 to 160 phr, of at least one of the abovementioned silicas and 1.0 to 70 phr, preferably 2.0 to 40 phr, of at least one of the abovementioned carbon blacks.
- the total amount of carbon black and silica-based fillers in the rubber mixture according to the invention is preferably 26 to 250 phr, particularly preferably 32 to 200 phr.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one crosslinker from the series sulfur and sulfur donors and at least one vulcanization accelerator which contains polyethyleneimine.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one crosslinker from the series sulfur and sulfur donors.
- Sulfur can be used in elemental soluble or insoluble form.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention particularly preferably contain at least one sulfur donor and/or sulfur, very particularly preferably sulfur.
- sulfur donors examples include dimorpholyl disulfide (DTDM), 2-morpholinodithiobenzothiazole (MBSS), caprolactam disulfide, dipentamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide (TBzTD).
- DTDM dimorpholyl disulfide
- MBSS 2-morpholinodithiobenzothiazole
- DPTT dipentamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide
- TMTD tetramethylthiuram disulfide
- TBzTD tetrabenzyl thiuram disulfide
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention generally contain 0.1 to 20 phr, preferably 0.5 to 10 phr, particularly preferably from 1.0 to 8 phr and most preferably 1 to 4 phr of at least one crosslinking agent from the series sulfur and sulfur donors.
- Zinc oxide may be present in the rubber mixtures according to the invention.
- Preferred rubber mixtures according to the invention contain zinc oxide with a BET surface area of 2 to 100 m 2 /g, preferably 2 to 70 m 2 /g.
- BET surface areas of zinc oxide can be measured according to DIN ISO 9277.
- zinc oxide is contained in the rubber mixtures according to the invention in an amount of from 0 to 20 phr, preferably from 0.1 to 10 phr, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 phr.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one vulcanization accelerator which contains polyethyleneimine.
- polyethyleneimine is to be understood as a homopolymer of ethyleneimine or copolymer(s) of ethyleneimine and one or more comonomers, where in the copolymers the proportion of repeat units derived from ethyleneimine is at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, particularly preferably at least 95% by weight, and very particularly preferably at least 98% by weight, based on the total mass of the polymer.
- polyethyleneimine also includes mixtures of homopolymers and/or copolymers of ethyleneimine, for example with different molecular weights, degrees of branching, comonomers, etc.
- such homo- or copolymers have a weight-average molecular weight Mw greater than 200, preferably from 300 to 3,000,000, particularly preferably from 400 to 800,000, very particularly preferably from 500 to 100,000, further preferably from 600 to 30,000 and most preferably from 700 to 7,000.
- the polyethyleneimine used in the rubber mixtures according to the invention can have a linear or branched structure; mixtures of linear and branched polyethyleneimine can also be used.
- polyethyleneimine with a branched structure which has both primary and secondary and tertiary amino groups, is used.
- the mixture according to the invention can further contain at least one carrier which is suitable for drawing on and/or adsorbing the polyethyleneimine thereto.
- carrier-bound polyethyleneimine is improved dosability and/or dispersibility.
- carrier-bound compounds are generally also referred to as “dry liquid”.
- the at least one carrier can be inert, organic or inorganic.
- Suitable carriers can be, for example, light-colored inorganic fillers such as mica, kaolin, silica, silicic acid, chalk, talc.
- the mixture according to the invention may or may not contain this at least one carrier.
- the mixture according to the invention contains at least one carrier selected from the group consisting of neutral, acidic and basic silica, onto which the polyethyleneimine is applied and/or adsorbed.
- the weight percent ratio of carrier, particularly silica, to the polyethyleneimine can vary over a wide range.
- the weight % ratio of carrier, in particular silica, to the polyethyleneimine is 90:10 - 10:90, particularly preferably 90:10 - 10:60, very particularly preferably 15:10 - 10:15.
- Ethylenediamine-ethyleneimine copolymers or polyethyleneimine homopolymers that can be used in the present invention are, for example, those according to CAS numbers 25987-06-8 and 9002-98-6, preferably according to CAS number 25987-06-8.
- the polyethyleneimine is particularly preferably applied to the silica and/or absorbed onto it.
- the polyethyleneimine Rhenocure® DR/S from LANXESS is most preferred.
- Rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain 0.01 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5 phr and very particularly preferably 0.2 to 2.5 phr of the vulcanization accelerator polyethyleneimine.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one vulcanization accelerator which contains polyethyleneimine and N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide.
- the total amount of crosslinker and vulcanization accelerator in the rubber mixtures is preferably 0.51 to 20 phr, particularly preferably 1.1 to 18 phr, most preferably 1.2 to 9 phr.
- the total content of diphenylguanidine (DPG), di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine (DOTG) and 1-(ortho-tolyl)biguanide in the rubber mixture according to the invention is preferably a maximum of 0.4 phr, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.2 phr, very particularly preferably a maximum of 0.1 phr and most preferably a maximum of 0.01 phr.
- the total content of diphenylguanidine (DPG), substituted diphenylguanidines, other organic guanidine derivatives in which the guanidine function is substituted by one or more Ci-Cs alkyl groups, Cz-Cs alkenyl groups, Ce-Cs aryl groups, C7-C10 aralkyl groups and/or Ci-Cs heteroalkyl groups, and 1-(ortho-tolyl)biguanide in the mixture according to the invention is not more than 0.4 phr, particularly preferably not more than 0.2 phr, very particularly preferably not more than 0.1 phr and most preferably not more than 0.01 phr.
- substituted diphenylguanidines preferably refers to those diphenylguanidines in which at least one phenyl ring is substituted, preferably both phenyl rings are substituted.
- substituents are possible as substituents.
- a substituent of a phenyl ring is preferably selected from the group consisting of Ci-Czo-alkyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, C2-C2o-alkenyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted and contains one or more double bonds, C2-C2o-alkynyl, which is substituted or unsubstituted and contains one or more triple bonds, C3-C2o-aryl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, heteroaryl, which is substituted or unsubstituted, is five to twenty-membered and has one or more heteroatoms.
- Cs-Cu-cycloalkyl which is substituted or unsubstituted contains, Cs-Cu-cycloalkyl which is substituted or unsubstituted, heterocycloalkyl which is substituted or unsubstituted, is three- to eight-membered and contains one or more heteroatoms, and heteroatoms.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one processing aid containing at least one fatty acid.
- the at least one fatty acid is preferably selected from
- the at least one fatty acid is contained in the at least one processing aid in an amount of 40 - 85 wt.%, particularly preferably 55 - 80 wt.%, wherein the wt.% is based on the total amount of the at least one processing aid.
- the at least one alcohol is contained in the at least one processing aid in an amount of 5-50 wt.%, particularly preferably 8-25 wt.%, wherein the wt.% is based on the total amount of the at least one processing aid.
- Preferred rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one processing aid containing, in addition to the at least one fatty acid and optionally at least one alcohol, at least one ester, preferably selected from stearyl dodecanoate, stearyl myristic ester, stearyl palmitate, docosyl palmitate,
- the at least one ester is contained in the at least one processing aid in an amount of 5-20 wt.%, particularly preferably 8-15 wt.%, wherein the wt.% is based on the total amount of the at least one processing aid.
- Preferred rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one processing aid containing, in addition to the at least one fatty acid and the optionally at least one alcohol and the optionally at least one ester, polyethylene glycol, preferably with a molecular weight of 3000 - 10000 g/mol, particularly preferably 5000 - 7000 g/mol, most preferably 6000 g/mol.
- Polyethylene glycol is preferably contained in the at least one processing aid in an amount of 1 - 10 wt.%, particularly preferably 1 - 5 wt.%, wherein the wt.% is based on the total amount of the at least one processing aid.
- the at least one processing aid may contain further additives, such as polyethylene LDPE, sodium hydroxide and butylhydroxytoluene, preferably in an amount of 4 - 8 wt.%, wherein the wt.% is based on the total amount of the at least one processing aid.
- the at least one processing aid is preferably contained in the rubber mixtures according to the invention in an amount of 0.1 - 30 phr, particularly preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, very particularly preferably 1 - 15 phr, most preferably 5 - 15 phr.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain 0.1 - 30 phr, preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 15 phr, very particularly preferably 5 - 15 phr of at least one processing aid containing at least one fatty acid selected from
- TMP 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain 0.1 - 30 phr of at least one processing aid, preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 15 phr, very particularly preferably 5 - 15 phr, containing
- stearyl dodecanoate stearyl myristic ester, stearyl palmitate, docosyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, eicosyl stearate, tetradecyl stearate, docosyl stearate and docosyl arachidic ester
- ester selected from stearyl dodecanoate, stearyl myristic ester, stearyl palmitate, docosyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, eicosyl stearate, tetradecyl stearate, docosyl stearate and docosyl arachidic ester
- 1-10% by weight preferably 1-5% by weight of polyethylene glycol, wherein the % by weight is based on the total amount of the at least one processing aid.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention contain one or more sulfur-containing silanes from the series bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfane, bis-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-disulfane and 3-(triethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol.
- Liquid sulfur-containing silanes can be applied to a carrier for better dosing and/or dispersibility (dry liquid).
- the content of sulfur-containing silanes in these “dry liquids” is preferably between 30 and 70 parts by weight, particularly preferably between 40 and 60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of dry liquid.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention generally contain 0.1 to 20 phr, preferably 0.5 to 15 phr and particularly preferably 1.0 to 10 phr of at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can also contain one or more rubber auxiliaries.
- rubber auxiliaries that can be used are anti-aging agents, adhesives, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers, flame retardants, processing aids, impact strength improvers, plasticizers, tackifiers, blowing agents, dyes, pigments, waxes, extenders, organic acids such as stearic acid, retarders and anti-reversion agents.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain one or more anti-aging agents.
- Suitable anti-aging agents are amine-based anti-aging agents such as diaryl-p-phenylenediamines (DTPD), octylated diphenylamine (ODPA), phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine (PAN), phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine (PBN), preferably those based on phenylenediamine, e.g.
- N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine CCPD
- N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine N 1 ,3-dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD)
- TMQ 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline
- MMBI methyl-2-mercaptobenzimidazole
- ZMMBI zinc methylmercaptobenzimidazole
- the at least one anti-aging agent is selected from the group consisting of N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine (CCPD) and N 1,3-dimethyl-ibutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD).
- CCPD N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine
- 6PPD N 1,3-dimethyl-ibutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
- Processing aids are intended to be effective between the rubber particles and counteract frictional forces during mixing, plasticizing and shaping.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain all lubricants customary for the processing of plastics, such as hydrocarbons, such as oils, e.g.
- aromatic process oil paraffins and PE waxes, fatty alcohols with 6 to 20 C atoms, ketones, carboxylic acids such as fatty acids and montanic acids, oxidized PE wax, aromatically modified cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins, metal salts of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid amides and carboxylic acid esters, for example with the alcohols ethanol, fatty alcohols, glycerin, ethanediol, pentaerythritol and long-chain carboxylic acids as acid component.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain flame retardants.
- flame retardants used for this purpose include antimony trioxide, phosphoric acid esters, chlorinated paraffin, aluminum hydroxide, boron compounds, zinc compounds except ZnO, molybdenum trioxide, ferrocene, calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate.
- plastics can also be added to the rubber mixtures according to the invention, which act, for example, as polymeric processing aids or impact strength improvers.
- plastics are preferably selected from the group consisting of homopolymers and copolymers based on ethylene, propylene, butadiene, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, acrylates and methacrylates with alcohol components of branched or unbranched C1 to C10 alcohols, with polyacrylates with identical or different alcohol radicals from the group of C4 to C8 alcohols, in particular butanol, hexanol, octanol and 2-ethylhexanol, polymethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate copolymers, methyl methacrylate-
- RFS direct adhesion systems Known adhesives are based on resorcinol, formaldehyde and silica, the so-called RFS direct adhesion systems. These direct adhesion systems can be used in any quantity of the rubber mixture according to the invention at any time during mixing into the rubber mixtures according to the invention.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention can contain at least one vulcanization retarder.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention preferably contain at least one vulcanization retarder.
- suitable vulcanization retarders are sulfenamide retarders based on acidic compounds such as phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and the group of A/-nitroso compounds based on diphenylamine or trimethyldihydroquinoline.
- the at least one vulcanization retarder is selected from the group consisting of sulfenamide retarders, most preferably selected from N- Cyclohexylthiophthalimide and N-phenyl-N-(trichloromethylsulfenyl)benzenesulfonamide, most preferably N-cyclohexylthiophthalimide.
- the at least one vulcanization retarder is preferably contained in the rubber mixtures according to the invention in an amount of 0.01 - 10 phr, particularly preferably 0.05 - 5 phr, very particularly preferably 0.1 - 1 phr, most preferably 0.1 - 0.5 phr.
- the rubber auxiliaries contained in the mixture according to the invention are preferably different from the other ingredients of the rubber mixture according to the invention, such as the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, the at least one vulcanization accelerator containing polyethyleneimine, and the at least one processing aid.
- the rubber auxiliaries can be added to the rubber mixtures according to the invention in the amounts customary for these auxiliaries, which also depend on the intended use of the vulcanizates produced therefrom. Customary amounts are, for example, 0.1 to 30 phr.
- this rubber auxiliary overlaps with one of the other ingredients of the rubber mixtures according to the invention, for example the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the series of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the at least one crosslinker from the series of sulfur and sulfur donors, the at least one vulcanization accelerator containing polyethyleneimine, and/or the at least one processing aid, this rubber auxiliary is preferably only included in the rubber mixture according to the invention as a quantity supplement to the general and preferred quantities specified for this other ingredient.
- Particularly preferred rubber mixtures according to the invention contain
- - 0.1 to 30 phr of at least one processing aid preferably 0.5 - 25 phr, particularly preferably 1 - 15 phr, very particularly preferably 5 - 15 phr, containing at least one fatty acid, wherein the total content of diphenylguanidine (DPG), di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine (DOTG) and 1-(ortho-tolyl)biguanide in the rubber mixture is a maximum of 0.4 phr, preferably a maximum of 0.2 phr, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.1 phr and very particularly preferably a maximum of 0.01 phr.
- DPG diphenylguanidine
- DDG di-ortho-tolyl-guanidine
- 1-(ortho-tolyl)biguanide in the rubber mixture is a maximum of 0.4 phr, preferably a maximum of 0.2 phr, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.1 ph
- a further subject matter of the present invention is a process for producing the rubber mixtures according to the invention, characterized in that the respective components are mixed in a mixing process.
- At least one rubber is mixed with one another in the presence of at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, at least one vulcanization accelerator containing polyethyleneimine, and at least one processing aid and optionally further rubber aids in the general and preferred amounts mentioned at a temperature in the range from 50 to 180°C, particularly preferably 60 to 170°C.
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention are produced in the usual way in known mixing units, such as rollers, internal mixers, downstream mixing roll mills and mixing extruders at shear rates of 1 to 1000 see -1 .
- the rubber mixtures according to the invention are preferably produced in a three-stage mixing process.
- the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the polyethyleneimine and the at least one processing aid and optionally further rubber aids are mixed in the first mixing stage in the process for producing the rubber mixtures according to the invention.
- Mixing temperatures in the internal mixer can reach values of up to 180°C.
- the temperature in the first mixing stage is preferably 130 to 180°C, particularly preferably 140 to 170°C.
- the second step is then preferably the so-called re-tweezing, preferably at 130 - 180°C, particularly preferably at 160°C.
- the re-tweezing can be carried out, for example, in an internal mixer.
- the at least one crosslinker from the series sulfur and sulfur donor and optionally the at least one further vulcanization accelerator and optionally further rubber auxiliaries are added to the rubber mixture obtained from the second mixing stage.
- the temperature in the third mixing stage is preferably 50 - 130°C, particularly preferably 60 to 120°C.
- the at least one rubber, the at least one hydroxyl-containing oxidic filler, the at least one reinforcing additive from the group of sulfur-containing organic silanes, the polyethyleneimine and the at least one processing aid and optionally further rubber aids are first mixed, preferably at 130 to 180°C, and then the at least one crosslinker from the series sulfur and sulfur donor and optionally the at least one further vulcanization accelerator and optionally further rubber aids are added to the rubber mixture obtained, preferably at 50 - 130°C.
- the present invention further relates to a process for producing rubber vulcanizates, characterized in that the rubber mixture according to the invention is heated at temperatures of 120 to 200°C, preferably at 140 to 180°C.
- the process for producing the rubber vulcanizates according to the invention can be carried out in a wide pressure range, preferably it is carried out at a pressure in the range of 10 to 200 bar.
- the present invention further relates to rubber vulcanizates which are obtainable by vulcanization of the rubber mixtures according to the invention.
- the rubber vulcanizates according to the invention are suitable for producing molded articles of all kinds, such as tire components, technical rubber articles such as damping elements, roller coverings, conveyor belt coverings, belts, spinning cops, seals, golf ball cores, shoe soles, and are particularly suitable for producing tires and tire parts such as tire treads, subtreads, carcasses, tire sidewalls, reinforced sidewalls for run-flat tires, and apex compounds.
- Tire treads also include treads for summer, winter, and all-season tires, as well as treads for passenger car, truck, and light truck tires.
- the present invention further relates to the use of polyethyleneimine, in particular in an amount of 0.01 to 10 phr, particularly preferably 0.1 to 5 phr, very particularly preferably 0.2 to 2.5 phr, and of the at least one processing aid comprising at least one fatty acid, in particular in an amount of 0.1 to 30 phr, particularly preferably 1 to 15 phr, very particularly preferably 5 to 15 phr, in sulfur-crosslinkable rubber mixtures, the vulcanizates obtainable therefrom and the moldings obtainable therefrom, for treating, preferably improving, the conflicting objectives of rolling resistance/wet braking.
- the rubber mixtures of the non-inventive reference mixture based on WO2010136345A1, which is a classic DPG-containing rubber mixture, and of Examples 1 and 2 and of the inventive Examples 3 and 4 were produced according to the recipes given in Table 2.
- the difference between Example 1 and the reference mixture is that the vulcanization accelerator DPG was replaced by polyethyleneimine.
- the retarder Vulkalent® G (CTP) was added compared to Example 1.
- the process aid A was added compared to Example 2.
- the rubber compounds were produced in the following steps:
- NIPOL® BR1261 and SPRINTAN® SLR 3402 are placed in an internal mixer and mixed for approx. 30 seconds.
- the mixed piece After completion of the third mixing stage, the mixed piece is formed into a plate, strip or pellet using a rolling mill and stored at room temperature for 24 hours. Processing temperatures are 70°C.
- test procedures were used for the tests on test specimens:
- Viscosity can be determined directly from the force that rubbers and rubber mixtures exert against their processing.
- Mooney shear disk viscometer a corrugated disk is enclosed at the top and bottom with sample substance and moved in a heated chamber at around two revolutions per minute. The force required for this is measured as torque and corresponds to the respective viscosity.
- the sample is usually preheated to 100°C for one minute; the measurement takes a further 4 minutes, during which the temperature is kept constant.
- the viscosity is stated together with the respective test conditions, for example ML (1 +4) 100°C (Mooney viscosity, rotor size L, preheating time and test time in minutes, test temperature).
- the Mooney-Scorch test is a standardized test to characterize the behavior of the vulcanization of a rubber sample at elevated temperatures. The time after which the viscosity increases by a specified value is determined. The determination was carried out using a shear disk viscometer in accordance with ASTM D 1646.
- the vulcanization process on the MDR (moving die rheometer) and its analytical data were measured on a Monsanto rheometer MDR 2000 according to ASTM D5289-95.
- the scorching time (t10) is determined as the time required for 10% of the rubber to be cross-linked.
- the selected temperature was 160°C.
- the vulcanization time (t95) is determined as the time at which 95% of the rubber is cross-linked.
- the selected temperature was 160°C.
- Delta S' is calculated from the difference between the highest and the lowest value of the rheometer curve, therefore S max — Smin .
- the simplest method for determining abrasive wear is the so-called DIN abrasion according to ASTM D5963.
- the test specimen made of the elastomer to be tested is guided over a fixed friction path (40 m) over a test emery sheet on a rotating cylinder under a constant contact force and at a constant speed (40 min -1 ).
- the material loss is then determined in mm 3 .
- the loss factor tan ö was determined at 0°C and 60°C and a measuring frequency of 10 Hz according to dynamic damping DIN 53513. Determination of the Payne effect:
- the vulcanization time (t95) and the Mooney scorch behavior were also further improved.
- an improvement in the Payne effect is evident when polyethyleneimine is used instead of DPG in the reference vulcanizate.
- This value as an indicator of the filler dispersion can be further improved by adding the processing aid A, as shown by Examples 3 and 4 according to the invention.
- An improvement in the conflicting objectives of wet braking/rolling resistance is also surprisingly evident in Examples 3 and 4 according to the invention through increased tan delta values at 0 °C and constant values at 60 °C compared to Examples 1 and 2 and even to the reference mixture.
- Example 4 the mixture achieved Mooney viscosity and Mooney scorch values comparable to the DPG reference after the third mixing stage and even better Mooney viscosity values after the first mixing stage by adding 1 phr of polyethyleneimine (compared to 0.5 phr in Example 3).
- the rolling resistance performance increased further compared to Example 3.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020267000164A KR20260038890A (ko) | 2023-07-07 | 2024-07-02 | 폴리에틸렌이민 및 적어도 1종의 지방산을 함유하는 적어도 1종의 가공 보조제를 함유하는 고무 혼합물 |
| EP24739166.7A EP4739514A1 (de) | 2023-07-07 | 2024-07-02 | Kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin und mindestens ein prozesshilfsmittel enthaltend mindestens eine fettsäure |
| CN202480045669.4A CN121487843A (zh) | 2023-07-07 | 2024-07-02 | 含有聚乙烯亚胺和至少一种含有至少一种脂肪酸的加工助剂的橡胶混合物 |
| JP2026500255A JP2026522525A (ja) | 2023-07-07 | 2024-07-02 | ポリエチレンイミンと、少なくとも1つの脂肪酸を含有する少なくとも1つの加工助剤とを含有するゴム混合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23184183.4A EP4488074A1 (de) | 2023-07-07 | 2023-07-07 | Kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin und mindestens ein prozesshilfsmittel enthaltend mindestens eine fettsäure |
| EP23184183.4 | 2023-07-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025012012A1 true WO2025012012A1 (de) | 2025-01-16 |
Family
ID=87280511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/068533 Ceased WO2025012012A1 (de) | 2023-07-07 | 2024-07-02 | Kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin und mindestens ein prozesshilfsmittel enthaltend mindestens eine fettsäure |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4488074A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026522525A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20260038890A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121487843A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2025012012A1 (de) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3814160A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1974-06-04 | Ppg Industries Inc | Tread wear indicator |
| US20050016651A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2005-01-27 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Tire tread reinforced with a silica of low specific surface area |
| US20060024500A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2006-02-02 | Gon Seo | Network silica for enhancing tensile strength of rubber compound |
| WO2010136345A1 (de) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-02 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Mischungen aus funktionalisierten dienkautschuken mit trimethylolpropan und fettsäure,ein verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
| WO2016030469A1 (de) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Diphenylguanidin-freie kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin |
| EP2858831B1 (de) | 2012-06-06 | 2016-07-13 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Kieselsäurehaltige kautschukmischungen mit schwefelhaltigen additiven |
| JP6655949B2 (ja) | 2015-11-11 | 2020-03-04 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
| US20200377691A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | Red Avenue New Materials Group Co., Ltd. | Non-silane polymeric coupler |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62172752A (ja) | 1986-01-27 | 1987-07-29 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体集積回路 |
-
2023
- 2023-07-07 EP EP23184183.4A patent/EP4488074A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-07-02 WO PCT/EP2024/068533 patent/WO2025012012A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-07-02 CN CN202480045669.4A patent/CN121487843A/zh active Pending
- 2024-07-02 EP EP24739166.7A patent/EP4739514A1/de active Pending
- 2024-07-02 KR KR1020267000164A patent/KR20260038890A/ko active Pending
- 2024-07-02 JP JP2026500255A patent/JP2026522525A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3814160A (en) * | 1972-09-18 | 1974-06-04 | Ppg Industries Inc | Tread wear indicator |
| US20050016651A1 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2005-01-27 | Michelin Recherche Et Technique S.A. | Tire tread reinforced with a silica of low specific surface area |
| US20060024500A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2006-02-02 | Gon Seo | Network silica for enhancing tensile strength of rubber compound |
| WO2010136345A1 (de) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-02 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Mischungen aus funktionalisierten dienkautschuken mit trimethylolpropan und fettsäure,ein verfahren zu deren herstellung und deren verwendung |
| EP2858831B1 (de) | 2012-06-06 | 2016-07-13 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Kieselsäurehaltige kautschukmischungen mit schwefelhaltigen additiven |
| WO2016030469A1 (de) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-03 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Diphenylguanidin-freie kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin |
| EP3186307B1 (de) | 2014-08-29 | 2022-01-05 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Diphenylguanidin-freie kautschukmischungen enthaltend polyethylenimin |
| JP6655949B2 (ja) | 2015-11-11 | 2020-03-04 | Toyo Tire株式会社 | ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
| US20200377691A1 (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-03 | Red Avenue New Materials Group Co., Ltd. | Non-silane polymeric coupler |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121487843A (zh) | 2026-02-06 |
| EP4739514A1 (de) | 2026-05-13 |
| JP2026522525A (ja) | 2026-07-07 |
| KR20260038890A (ko) | 2026-03-19 |
| EP4488074A1 (de) | 2025-01-08 |
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