WO2025007965A1 - 壳体以及电池 - Google Patents

壳体以及电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025007965A1
WO2025007965A1 PCT/CN2024/103946 CN2024103946W WO2025007965A1 WO 2025007965 A1 WO2025007965 A1 WO 2025007965A1 CN 2024103946 W CN2024103946 W CN 2024103946W WO 2025007965 A1 WO2025007965 A1 WO 2025007965A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
metal layer
shell
heat
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/103946
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张保海
方双柱
彭冲
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd filed Critical Zhuhai Cosmx Battery Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025007965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025007965A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H01M50/128—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • H01M50/129—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers with two or more layers of only organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, and in particular to a housing and a battery.
  • aluminum-plastic film is often used as the outer packaging material of lithium-ion batteries to package lithium-ion batteries.
  • the existing aluminum-plastic film shell still has the following defects:
  • the thermal insulation performance of the existing aluminum-plastic film shell is limited by the outer material, resulting in a decrease in its ability to block heat.
  • the operating temperature inside the lithium-ion battery is often affected by the external ambient temperature.
  • the external ambient temperature is higher than the internal body temperature of the lithium-ion battery, the external heat will be transmitted to the lithium-ion battery body, causing the lithium-ion battery body temperature to rise, causing thermal runaway, and easily causing the lithium-ion battery to catch fire and explode, causing safety problems.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a housing and a battery, so as to at least solve the problem of poor thermal insulation performance of the housing in the prior art.
  • a shell comprising a substrate layer, a metal layer and a heat-sealing layer stacked in sequence along the X direction of the shell, wherein:
  • the housing further comprises at least one thermal insulation layer, and the thermal insulation layer is disposed at a position that satisfies at least one of the conditions (a) to (c):
  • the metal layer is close to the surface of the heat-sealing layer
  • the substrate layer is away from the surface of the metal layer.
  • the heat insulation layer is arranged on the surface of the metal layer away from the heat sealing layer, and the heat insulation layer and the metal layer are connected by a peeling layer.
  • the peeling layer includes a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions, the first regions include an adhesive portion, the second regions include pores, the adhesive portion is connected to the metal layer and/or the thermal insulation layer along the X direction of the shell, the pores are adjacent to the metal layer and/or the thermal insulation layer along the X direction of the shell, and the periphery of the pores is adjacent to the adhesive portion.
  • the distance between two adjacent pores is 100 ⁇ m to 1050 ⁇ m.
  • a ratio of the sum of the surface areas of the second regions to the sum of the surface areas of the second regions is 45% to 70%.
  • the thickness of the peeling layer along the X direction is 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the heat insulation layer along the X direction is 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • a corrosion-resistant layer is provided on the surface of the metal layer close to the substrate layer and/or on the surface of the metal layer close to the heat-sealing layer, and the thickness of the corrosion-resistant layer along the X direction is 10 nm to 50 nm.
  • the present application also provides a lithium-ion battery, which includes the above-mentioned shell.
  • the shell in the present application by providing a heat insulation layer in the shell, when the shell is used in a lithium-ion battery, it is possible to prevent the high-temperature external environment from transferring heat to the inside of the lithium-ion battery, thereby preventing the lithium-ion battery cell from thermal runaway and catching fire and exploding at high temperatures.
  • the shell in the present application has better heat insulation performance.
  • the outer diameter environment temperature is higher than 90°C
  • the difference between the inside of the lithium-ion battery and the outer diameter environment is 2°C to 15°C.
  • FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of a first housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of a second housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a cross-sectional view of a third housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a cross-sectional view of a sixth housing disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh type of shell disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a shell is provided.
  • the shell in the present application includes a substrate layer 10, a metal layer 20, and a heat-sealing layer 30 stacked in sequence along the X direction of the shell.
  • the “stacked in sequence” described in the present application means that the order of the substrate layer 10, the metal layer 20, and the heat-sealing layer 30 along the X direction is the substrate layer 10, the metal layer 20, and the heat-sealing layer 30, and other structural layers may or may not be arranged between two adjacent layers.
  • the shell also includes at least one thermal insulation layer 40, which is arranged on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the substrate layer 10 and/or the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the heat sealing layer 30 and/or the surface of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20. That is to say, the thermal insulation layer 40 in the present application can be arranged only on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the substrate layer 10 (see FIG. 2 ), and the thermal insulation layer 40 can also be arranged only on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the heat sealing layer 30 (see FIG. 1 ); the thermal insulation layer 40 can also be arranged only on the surface of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20 (see FIG.
  • the thermal insulation layer 40 can also be arranged on the surfaces of the metal layer 20 close to and away from the heat sealing layer 30 at the same time (see FIG. 4 ); the thermal insulation layer 40 can also be arranged on the surfaces of the metal layer 20 close to and away from the heat sealing layer 30, and on the surface of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20 (see FIG. 5 ); the thermal insulation layer 40 can also be arranged on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the surface and on the surface of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20 at the same time (see FIG. 6 ); the thermal insulation layer 40 can also be arranged on the surface of the metal layer 20 away from the heat sealing layer 30 and on the surface of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20 at the same time (see FIG. 7 ).
  • the shell in the present application by providing a heat insulation layer 40 in the shell, when the shell is used in a battery, it is possible to prevent the high temperature external environment from transferring heat to the inside of the lithium-ion battery, thereby preventing the lithium-ion battery cell from thermal runaway and catching fire and exploding at high temperatures.
  • the shell in the present application has better heat insulation performance. The inventors found through experiments that when the outer diameter ambient temperature is higher than 90°C (degrees Celsius), the temperature difference between the inside of the battery and the external environment is 2°C to 15°C.
  • d insulation / d metal layer ⁇ 0.0125 the heat insulating layer 40 is relatively thin and the heat insulating effect is not good; when d insulation / d metal layer > 0.0125, it is easy to increase the overall thickness of the shell, which is not convenient for realizing the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery, and the production cost is relatively high.
  • d heat insulating /d metal layer 0.0125 to 0.25, such as 0.0125, 0.025, 0.075, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 or 0.25, and preferably 0.025 to 0.125.
  • d heat insulating / d metal layer 0.025 to 0.5.
  • the overall thickness of the shell does not change significantly, the structural strength is stable, and it has good thermal insulation performance.
  • d heat insulating / d metal layer 0.025 to 0.5, such as 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45 or 0.5, preferably 0.05 to 0.2.
  • the thickness of the heat insulating layer 40 on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the substrate layer 10 and the thickness of the heat insulating layer 40 on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the heat sealing layer 30 can be the same or different, and the thickness of the thinnest layer of the two heat insulating layers 40 is not less than 1 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the thickest layer of the heat insulating layer 40 is not more than 10 ⁇ m.
  • Such a setting can ensure the heat insulating performance of the shell as much as possible while avoiding excessive thickness of the shell.
  • the substrate layer 10, the metal layer 20, the heat sealing layer 30 and the heat insulating layer 40 form the main body layer of the shell, and the two adjacent main body layers are bonded and fixed by the adhesive layer 50, and can also be processed into one by spraying or magnetron sputtering.
  • the process is simple and easy to produce.
  • a special adhesive layer is provided between the surface of the metal layer 20 away from the heat-sealing layer 30 and the heat-insulating layer 40 (see FIG. 2, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5).
  • the special adhesive layer is a peeling layer 51 that can peel off to a certain extent from the metal layer 20 and the heat-insulating layer 40.
  • the metal layer 20 and the heat-sealing layer 30 are connected by the peeling layer 51.
  • the peeling layer 51 can peel off to a certain extent from at least one of the metal layer 20 and the heat-sealing layer 30 when the external temperature is high. At this time, external air can enter the gap between the peeling layer 51 and the metal layer 20 and the heat-sealing layer 30, forming a hollow layer filled with air, which can further improve the heat insulation effect of the shell of the present application.
  • the peeling layer 51 in this embodiment includes a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions, wherein the first region includes an adhesive portion 511, and the second region includes a pore 512, the adhesive portion 511 is connected to the metal layer 20 and/or the heat insulating layer 40 along the X direction of the shell, the pore 512 is adjacent to the metal layer 20 and/or the heat insulating layer 40 along the X direction of the shell, and the periphery of the pore 512 is adjacent to the adhesive portion 511.
  • the cross section of the pore 512 in this embodiment can be circular, elliptical, polygonal or other special-shaped structures, which are not specifically limited in this application.
  • the peeling layer 51 in this embodiment uses the same material as the adhesive layer 50, and the difference in structure between the two is that the peeling layer 51 is provided with pores 512.
  • the pores 512 can also be arranged not to penetrate along the X direction of the shell (i.e., penetrate in a straight line), as long as it is ensured that the pores 512 can form a connected channel on the upper and lower surfaces of the special adhesive layer 50.
  • the peeling layer 51 is made into a discontinuous structure, which can reduce the adhesive strength of the peeling layer 51 to a certain extent.
  • the peeling layer 51 can be peeled off when the external temperature is high, that is, a hollow layer filled with air can be formed in the peeling layer 51 to further isolate the spread of heat.
  • the peeling area of the peeling layer 51 can reach 33% to 65%, for example, 33%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% and 65% under a 120°C environment; when the temperature rises to 130°C, the peeling area of the peeling layer 51 can increase to 45% to 73%, for example, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% and 73%; when the temperature continues to increase to 150°C, the peeling area of the peeling layer 51 can further increase to 83% to 94%, for example, 83%, 87%, 90% and 94%.
  • the spacing between two adjacent pores 512 is 100 ⁇ m (micrometer) to 1050 ⁇ m, for example, 100 ⁇ m, 300 ⁇ m, 500 ⁇ m, 700 ⁇ m, 900 ⁇ m or 1050, etc. It can be understood that the spacing between two adjacent pores 512 mentioned here refers to the spacing at the position where the distance between two adjacent pores 512 is closest.
  • the spacing between two adjacent pores 512 100 ⁇ m to 1050 ⁇ m, the peeling area of the peeling layer 51 during use can be increased as much as possible while ensuring the bonding strength of the peeling layer 51, thereby further improving the thermal insulation performance of the shell of the present application.
  • the ratio of the surface area of the second region to the surface area of the second region is 45% to 70%, for example, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% or 70%.
  • the peeling area of the peeling layer 51 during use can be increased as much as possible while ensuring the bonding strength of the peeling layer 51, thereby further improving the thermal insulation performance of the shell of the present application.
  • the unit area described in this embodiment refers to the area of the surface obtained by cutting the peeling layer 51 in a plane perpendicular to the X direction with a side length of 1 unit, such as 1 ⁇ m or 1 mm.
  • the thickness of the peeling layer 51 in the present embodiment along the X direction is 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, for example, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m or 5 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the peeling layer 51 is less than 1 ⁇ m, the bonding strength is not high enough, and it is not convenient to bond and fix the metal layer 20 and the heat insulation layer 40 together; when the thickness of the peeling layer 51 is greater than 5 ⁇ m, it is easy to increase the overall thickness of the shell, which is not convenient to achieve the lightweight and miniaturized design of the battery.
  • the present embodiment can not only fix the structural layers on both sides of the peeling layer 51 together, but also control the thickness and quality of the shell within a certain range.
  • the peeling layer 51 can be peeled off, that is, a layer of air filling layer with a suitable thickness can be formed on the peeling layer 51 to further isolate the spread of heat.
  • the thickness of the heat sealing layer 30 along the X direction is 30 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example, 30 ⁇ m, 35 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m or 50 ⁇ m, etc.; the thickness of the adhesive layer 50 along the X direction is 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, for example, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m or 5 ⁇ m, etc.; the thickness of the substrate layer 10 along the X direction is 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, for example, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 45 ⁇ m or 5 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness of the metal layer 20 along the X direction is 35 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, such as 35 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, 65 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 95 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m;
  • the thickness of the heat insulating layer 40 along the X direction is 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, such as 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 7 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m, etc.
  • the thickness of the shell can be controlled within a reasonable range, and a good heat insulation effect can be achieved.
  • the surface of the metal layer 20 in the present application close to the substrate layer 10 and/or the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the heat sealing layer 30 is provided with a corrosion resistant layer (not shown in the figure).
  • the corrosion resistant layer can be provided on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the substrate layer 10, or on the surface of the metal layer 20 close to the heat sealing layer 30, or on both surfaces of the metal layer 20.
  • the corrosion-resistant layer can be a chemical passivation layer formed on the surface of the metal layer 20 by soaking in nitric acid or metal hydrochloric acid (for example, spraying or soaking in a solvent composed of chromium, nickel, manganese, zincate + phosphate); it can also be an inorganic layer formed on the surface of the metal layer 20 by spraying, such as a fluorinated carbon film.
  • the thickness of the corrosion-resistant layer is 10nm (nanometer) to 50nm, for example, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm or 50nm. In this way, the corrosion resistance of the metal layer 20 can be improved without affecting the physical properties of the metal layer 20.
  • the heat insulation layer 40 in this embodiment is made of hafnium carbonitride, mullite (AI203+SiO2), yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, nano silver, nano chromium aluminum nitride, nano silicon titanium nitride, nano aluminum titanium nitride, nano zirconium silicon nitride, nano nitride Tin, nano zirconium dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide and nano tin antimony oxide are prepared from one or more thereof.
  • the heat insulation layer 40 is prepared from multiple thereof including hafnium carbonitride, mullite, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, nano silver, nano chromium aluminum nitride, nano silicon titanium nitride, nano aluminum titanium nitride, nano zirconium silicon nitride, nano tin nitride, nano zirconium dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide and nano tin antimony oxide, the proportion of hafnium carbonitride, mullite, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, nano silver, nano chromium aluminum nitride, nano silicon titanium nitride, nano aluminum titanium nitride, nano zirconium silicon nitride, nano tin nitride, nano zirconium dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide and nano tin antimony oxide can be arbitrarily selected, and is not specifically limited in the present application.
  • Hafnium carbonitride, mullite, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, nano silver, nano aluminum chromium nitride, nano titanium silicon nitride, nano titanium aluminum nitride, nano zirconium silicon nitride, nano tin nitride, nano zirconium dioxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide and nano antimony tin oxide have excellent thermal insulation properties and can achieve a good thermal insulation effect.
  • the heat sealing layer 30 is made of one or more of polyolefin, cyclic polyolefin, acid-modified polyolefin, and acid-modified cyclic polyolefin.
  • the heat sealing layer 30 is made of a mixture of two or more of polyolefin, cyclic polyolefin, acid-modified polyolefin, and acid-modified cyclic polyolefin, the ratio thereof can be arbitrarily adjusted, and is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the above materials have a good heat sealing effect, which is convenient for improving the heat sealing performance of the shell.
  • the adhesive layer 50 and the adhesive portion 511 in the present application are made of one or more of polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, copolymerized polyesters, polyether adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyamide resins, polyolefin resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, cellulose adhesives, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, polyimide resins, polycarbonates, urea resins, amino resins such as melamine resins, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber.
  • polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, copolymerized polyesters, polyether adhesives
  • polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, copolymer polyesters, polyether adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyamide resins, polyolefin resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, cellulose adhesives, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, polyimide resins, polycarbonate, urea resins, amino resins such as melamine resins, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber are used to prepare the adhesive layer 50 or the adhesive portion 511, they can be mixed in any proportion, which is not specifically limited in the present application.
  • polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, copo
  • polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene naphthalate, polyethylene isophthalate, copolymer polyesters, polyether adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyamide resins, polyolefin resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, cellulose adhesives, acrylic resins, methacrylic resins, polyimide resins, polycarbonate, urea resins, amino resins such as melamine resins, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, and styrene-butadiene rubber have the advantages of light weight, good toughness, and high impact strength, which are convenient for bonding and fixing two adjacent main layers together, and can improve the structural stability of the shell.
  • the substrate layer 10 includes a polyester resin layer or a nylon layer. As long as it is other deformation modes under the concept of the present application, it is within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the metal layer 20 includes a steel layer or an aluminum layer, etc. As long as it is other deformation modes under the concept of the present application, it is within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the housing in this embodiment includes a substrate layer 10, a bonding layer 11 and a bonding layer 12 arranged in sequence along the thickness direction of the aluminum-plastic.
  • a 40 ⁇ m aluminum foil layer is subjected to alkaline washing, water washing, acid washing and neutralization, and water washing to obtain a clean metal layer 20; then a treatment liquid is roller-coated on both surfaces of the metal layer 20, and the treatment liquid is composed of zinc phosphate, chromium nitrate and distilled water in a mass ratio of 3:1:96, and is subjected to high-temperature treatment at 75°C to obtain a corrosion-resistant layer with a thickness of 20 nm; then a heat-insulating layer 40 is sprayed or bonded on one surface of the metal layer 20 with the corrosion-resistant layer by plasma spraying, and a 2 ⁇ m thick nano-titanium dioxide heat-insulating layer 4 is formed.
  • an adhesive is coated on the surface of the heat insulation layer 40 and the other surface of the metal layer 20 to form an adhesive layer 50, the thickness of the adhesive layer 50 is 2 ⁇ m;
  • the adhesive layer 50 is a nitrile rubber layer, and then a polyolefin layer with a thickness of 40 ⁇ m is dry-laminated and compounded to the surface on which the heat insulation layer 40 and the adhesive layer 50 are laminated to form a heat sealing layer 30, and then a nylon layer with a thickness of 40 ⁇ m is dry-laminated and compounded to the surface on which the adhesive layer 50 is laminated to form a substrate layer 10, and finally a finished shell is obtained; the finished product is aged and heated at 75°C for 4 days to obtain a shell with the structure shown in Figure 1.
  • the shell in this embodiment includes a substrate layer 10 , an adhesive layer 50 , a heat insulating layer 40 , a peeling layer 51 , a metal layer 20 , an adhesive layer 50 and a heat sealing layer 30 arranged in sequence along the thickness direction of the aluminum-plastic.
  • the heat insulating layer 40 in this embodiment is arranged on the side of the metal layer 20 close to the substrate layer 10, and at this time, the bonding layer 50 used to bond the heat insulating layer 40 is a peeling layer 51 having pores 512.
  • the thickness and preparation method of the shell in this embodiment are consistent with those in Example 1, and the pores 512 on the peeling layer 51 can be formed by microneedle insertion.
  • the shell in this embodiment includes a heat insulating layer 40 , an adhesive layer 50 , a substrate layer 10 , an adhesive layer 50 , a metal layer 20 , an adhesive layer 50 and a heat sealing layer 30 which are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the aluminum-plastic.
  • the heat insulating layer 40 in this embodiment is arranged on the side of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20.
  • the thickness and material of each layer of the housing in this embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the shell in this embodiment includes a substrate layer 10, an adhesive layer 50, an insulating layer 40, a peeling layer 51, a metal layer 20, an insulating layer 40, an adhesive layer 50 and a heat sealing layer 30 which are sequentially arranged along the thickness direction of the aluminum plastic.
  • the heat insulating layer 40 in this embodiment is disposed on both surfaces of the metal layer 20.
  • the thickness and material of each layer of the housing in this embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
  • the pores 512 on the release layer 51 can be formed by microneedle insertion.
  • the shell in this embodiment includes a heat insulation layer 40, an adhesive layer 50, a substrate layer 10, an adhesive layer 50, a heat insulation layer 40, a peeling layer 51, a metal layer 20, a heat insulation layer 40, an adhesive layer 50 and a heat sealing layer 30 arranged in sequence along the thickness direction of the aluminum plastic.
  • both surfaces of the metal layer 20 and the surface of the substrate layer 10 away from the metal layer 20 are provided with a heat insulating layer 40.
  • the thickness and material of each layer of the shell in this embodiment are the same as those in Example 1.
  • the pores 512 on the peeling layer 51 can be formed by microneedle insertion.
  • This embodiment provides a shell, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the heat insulation layer has no pores.
  • the comparative example provides a shell, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that no heat insulation layer is provided.
  • the furnace temperature performance of the battery is tested at 130°C, and the maximum temperature inside the battery is monitored. If the battery does not catch fire or explode, it is considered to have passed, and the shell has good heat insulation and safety performance. A total of 10 batteries were tested. For details, see Table 1.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a battery, which includes the housing in the above embodiment. Therefore, the battery includes all the technical effects of the housing in the above embodiment, and since the technical effects of the housing have been described above, they will not be repeated here.
  • spatially relative terms such as “above”, “above”, “on the upper surface of”, “above”, etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as “above other devices or structures” or “above other devices or structures” will be positioned as “below other devices or structures” or “below other devices or structures”. Thus, the exemplary term “above” can include both “above” and “below”. The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种壳体以及电池，该壳体包括沿所述壳体的X方向依次层叠设置的基材层（10）、金属层（20）以及热封层（30），其中，所述壳体还包括至少一层隔热层（40），所述隔热层（40）设置于所述金属层（20）靠近所述基材层（10）的表面和/或所述金属层（20）靠近所述热封层（30）的表面和/或所述基材层（10）远离所述金属层（20）的表面。通过在壳体中设置隔热层（40），当将该壳体使用在锂离子电池中时，可以避免高温的外界环境向锂离子电池内部传递热量，进而避免锂离子电池的电芯在高温下产生热失控而发生起火爆炸。

Description

壳体以及电池
本申请要求于2023年07月06日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310830903.1、申请名称为“壳体以及电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及新能源电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种壳体以及电池。
背景技术
市场上，人们对个人电脑、照相机、便携电话等的高性能化便携式电子产品需求越来越多，与此同时，便携式电子产品需求的锂离子电池也在不断追求高能量密度，快充电速度和高安全性能，但是相比追求电池高能量密度和充电速度，更重要的是电池的安全性能。
为了适应多变的锂离子电池形状，锂离子电池封装时常采用铝塑膜作为锂离子电池的外包装材料来对锂离子电池进行封装。但现有铝塑膜壳体仍存在以下缺陷：
现有铝塑膜壳体的隔热性能受外层材料限制，导致其阻隔热量的能力减小。然而，锂离子电池内部的运行温度往往会受到外界环境温度的影响，当外界环境温度高于锂离子电池内部本体温度时，外界热量将传入锂离子电池本体，导致锂离子电池本体温度升高，引发热失控，容易导致锂离子电池起火爆炸而引发安全问题。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种壳体以及电池，以至少解决现有技术中的壳体隔热性能差的问题。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种壳体，包括沿所述壳体的X方向依次层叠设置的基材层、金属层以及热封层，其中，
所述壳体还包括至少一层隔热层，所述隔热层设置位置满足条件(a)-(c)至少一种：
(a)所述金属层靠近所述基材层的表面；
(b)所述金属层靠近所述热封层的表面；
(c)所述基材层远离所述金属层的表面。
进一步地，所述隔热层设置于所述金属层远离所述热封层的表面，且所述隔热层和所述金属层之间通过剥离层连接。
进一步地，所述剥离层包括若干个第一区域和若干个第二区域，所述第一区域包括粘接部，所述第二区域包括孔隙，所述粘接部沿所述壳体的X方向与所述金属层和/或所述隔热层连接，所述孔隙沿所述壳体的X方向与所述金属层和/或所述隔热层相邻，所述孔隙的外周与所述粘接部相邻。
进一步地，相邻两个所述孔隙之间的间距为100μm至1050μm。
进一步地，单位面积内，所述第二区域的表面积之和所述第二区域的表面积之和的比值为45％～70％。
进一步地，所述剥离层沿所述X方向的厚度为1μm至5μm。
进一步地，所述隔热层沿所述X方向的厚度d隔热与所述金属层沿所述X方向的厚度d金属层满足关系式d隔热/d金属层＝0.0125～0.5。
进一步地，所述隔热层沿所述X方向的厚度为1μm至10μm。
进一步地，所述金属层靠近所述基材层的表面和/或所述金属层靠近所述热封层的表面设置有耐腐蚀层，所述耐腐蚀层沿所述X方向的厚度为10nm至50nm。
另一方面，本申请还提供了一种锂离子电池，所述锂离子电池包括上述的壳体。
在本申请中，通过在壳体中设置隔热层，当将该壳体使用在锂离子电池中时，可以避免高温的外界环境向锂离子电池内部传递热量，进而避免锂离子电池的电芯在高温下产生热失控而发生起火爆炸。相对于现有的壳体而言，本申请中的壳体的隔热性能更好，当外径环境温度高于90℃时，锂离子电池内部与外径环境相差2℃～15℃。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本申请实施例公开的第一种壳体的剖视图；
图2为本申请实施例公开的第二种壳体的剖视图；
图3为本申请实施例公开的第三种壳体的剖视图；
图4为本申请实施例公开的第四种壳体的剖视图；
图5为本申请实施例公开的第五种壳体的剖视图；
图6为本申请实施例公开的第六种壳体的剖视图；
图7为本申请实施例公开的第七种壳体的剖视图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、基材层；20、金属层；30、热封层；40、隔热层；50、粘接层；51、剥离层；511、
粘接部；512、孔隙。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的 一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
参见图1至图7所示，根据本申请的实施例，提供了一种壳体。本申请中的壳体包括沿壳体的X方向依次层叠设置的基材层10、金属层20以及热封层30。可以理解的是，本申请中所述的“依次层叠”的意思是指基材层10、金属层20以及热封层30沿X方向的顺序依次是基材层10、金属层20以及热封层30，相邻的两层之间可以设置其他结构层，也可以不设置其他结构层。
在本申请中，壳体还包括至少一层隔热层40，该隔热层40设置于金属层20靠近基材层10的表面和/或金属层20靠近热封层30的表面和/或基材层10远离金属层20的表面。也即是说，本申请中的隔热层40可以只设置金属层20靠近基材层10的表面上(参见图2所示)，隔热层40也可以只设置在金属层20靠近热封层30的表面上(参见图1所示)；隔热层40还可以只设置在基材层10远离金属层20的表面上(参见图3所示)；隔热层40还可以同时设置在金属层20的靠近和远离热封层30的表面上(参见图4所示)；隔热层40还可以同时设置在金属层20的靠近和远离热封层30的表面，以及基材层10远离金属层20的表面上(参见图5所示)；隔热层40还可以同时设置在金属层20靠近表面以及基材层10远离金属层20的表面上(参见图6所示)；隔热层40还可以同时设置在金属层20远离热封层30的表面以及基材层10远离金属层20的表面上(参见图7所示)。
在本申请中，通过在壳体中设置隔热层40，当将该壳体使用在电池中时，可以避免高温的外界环境向锂离子电池内部传递热量，进而避免锂离子电池的电芯在高温下产生热失控而发生起火爆炸。相对于现有的电池壳体而言，本申请中的壳体的隔热性能更好。发明人通过试验发现：当外径环境温度高于90℃(摄氏度)时，电池内部与外界环境相差2℃～15℃。
参见图1和图2所示，在本申请中，隔热层40沿X方向的厚度d隔热与金属层20沿X方向的厚度d金属层满足关系式d隔热/d金属层＝0.0125～0.5，例如0.0125、0.015、0.075、0.1、0.15、0.2或者0.25等。当d隔热/d金属层＜0.0125时，隔热层40比较薄，隔热效果不好；当d隔热/d金属层＞0.0125时，容易增加壳体的整体厚度，不便于实现电池的轻量化和小型化设计，且生产制造成本比较高。
一些实施方式中，金属层20靠近基材层10的表面或者金属层20靠近热封层30的表面设置有隔热层40，且该隔热层40的厚度d隔热与金属层20的厚度d金属层满足关系式d隔热/d金属层＝0.0125～0.25。也即是说，当仅仅将隔热层40设置在金属层20靠近基材层10的表面(参见图1所示)，或者仅仅将隔热层40设置在金属层20远离基材层10的表面(参见图2所示)上时，隔热层40的厚度d隔热与金属层20的厚度d金属层的比值d隔热/d金属层＝0.0125～0.25，例如0.0125、0.025、0.075、0.1、0.15、0.2或者0.25等，优选为0.025～0.125。满足该关系式时，壳体的整体厚度不会发生明显变化，结构强度稳定，且具有很好的隔热性能。
参见图3所示，当仅仅在基材层10远离金属层20的表面设置有隔热层40，该隔热层40的厚度d隔热与金属层20的厚度d金属层满足关系式d隔热/d金属层＝0.025～0.5，例 如0.025、0.05、0.075、0.1、0.105、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45或者0.5等，优选为0.05～0.105。满足该关系式时，壳体的整体厚度不会发生明显变化，结构强度稳定，且具有很好的隔热性能。
参见图4所示，金属层20靠近基材层10的表面和金属层20靠近热封层30的表面均设置有隔热层40，该隔热层40的厚度d隔热与金属层20的厚度d金属层满足关系式d隔热/d金属层＝0.025～0.5。也即是说，当金属层20的两个表面均设置有隔热层40时，隔热层40的厚度d隔热与金属层20的厚度d金属层的比值d隔热/d金属层＝0.025～0.5，例如0.025、0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.3、0.35、0.4、0.45或者0.5等，优选为0.05～0.2。满足该关系式时，壳体的整体厚度不会发生明显变化，结构强度稳定，且具有很好的隔热性能。具体设计时，金属层20靠近基材层10的表面的隔热层40的厚度与金属层20靠近热封层30的隔热层40的厚度可以相同，也可以不同，且两层隔热层40中，最薄一层的厚度不低于1μm，最厚一层隔热层40的厚度不高于10μm，如此设置，能够尽可能地保证壳体隔热性能的同时，避免壳体厚度过大。在本申请中，基材层10、金属层20、热封层30以及隔热层40形成壳体的主体层，相邻的两层主体层之间通过粘接层50粘接固定，也可以通过喷涂、磁控溅射加工为一体，工艺简单，便于生产。
一些实施例中，当金属层20远离热封层30的表面设置有隔热层40时，该金属层20远离热封层30的表面与隔热层40之间设置有一种特殊的粘接层，(参见图2、图4以及图5所示)，该特殊的粘接层为一种能够与金属层20和隔热层40发生一定程度的剥离的剥离层51。通过剥离层51连接金属层20和热封层30，当将该壳体使用在锂离子电池中后，外界高温时，该剥离层51可与金属层20和热封层30两者中至少一者发生一定程度的剥离，此时，外部空气可以进入剥离层51与金属层20和热封层30之间的间隙内，形成由空气填充的中空层，能够进一步提高本申请的壳体的隔热效果。
参见图2、图4以及图5所示，本实施例中的剥离层51包括若干个第一区域和若干个第二区域，其中，第一区域包括粘接部511，第二区域包括孔隙512，粘接部511沿壳体的X方向与金属层20和/或隔热层40连接，孔隙512沿壳体的X方向与金属层20和/或隔热层40相邻，孔隙512的外周与粘接部511相邻。可选地，本实施例中的孔隙512的横截面可以是圆形、椭圆形、多边形或者其他异形结构，本申请中不做具体限定。本实施例中的剥离层51与粘接层50使用的材质一样，两者结构上的不同在于剥离层51上设置有孔隙512。当然，在本申请的其他实施例中，孔隙512还可以不沿壳体的X方向贯穿(即直线贯穿)设置，只要保证孔隙512可以在特殊粘接层50的上下表面形成一个连通的通道即可。
通过在剥离层51上设置粘接部511和孔隙512，使得剥离层51为不连续的结构，可以在一定程度上降低该剥离层51的粘接力度。当将该壳体使用在锂离子电池中后，外界高温时，可以使该剥离层51剥离，即可以在该剥离层51形成由空气填充的中空层，进一步隔绝热量的传播。经过实验验证，具有该剥离层51的壳体在120℃环境下，其剥离层51的剥离面积可以达到33％～65％，例如33％、35％、40％、45％、50％、55％、60％以及65％；当温度升高到130℃时，该剥离层51的剥离面积可以增大到45％～73％，例如45％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％以及73％；当继续增加到150℃时，该剥离层51的剥离面积达可以进一步增大而达到83％～94％，例如83％、87％、90％以及94％。
进一步地，相邻两个孔隙512之间的间距为100μm(微米)至1050μm，例如100μm、300μm、500μm、700μm、900μm或者1050等。可以理解的是，这里所述的相邻两个孔隙512之间的间距是指相邻两个孔隙512之间距离最近的位置处的间距。在本实施例中，通过使相邻两个孔隙512之间的间距为100μm至1050μm，可以在保证剥离层51的粘接力度的情况下，尽可能大地提高该剥离层51使用过程中的剥离面积，进一步提高本申请的壳体的隔热性能。
可选地，单位面积内，第二区域的表面积之和第二区域的表面积之和的比值为45％～70％，例如45％、50％、55％、60％、65％或者70％。如此，同样能够在保证剥离层51的粘接力度的情况下，尽可能大地提高该剥离层51使用过程中的剥离面积，进一步提高本申请的壳体的隔热性能。需要说明的是，本实施例中所述的单位面积是指以1个单位，例如1μm、或者1mm为边长，在剥离层51的垂直于X方向的平面截取得到面的面积。
可选地，本实施例中的剥离层51沿X方向的厚度为1μm至5μm，例如1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm或者5μm。当剥离层51的厚度小于1μm时，粘接力度不够高，不便于将金属层20与隔热层40粘接固定在一起；当剥离层51的厚度大于5μm，容易增加壳体的整体厚度，不便于实现电池的轻量化和小型化设计。也即是说，本实施例通过使剥离层51的厚度为1μm至5μm，不仅能够将位于剥离层51两侧的结构层固定连接在一起，还能够将壳体的厚度和质量控制在一定的范围内。当将该壳体使用在锂离子电池中后，外界高温时，可以使该剥离层51剥离，即可以在该剥离层51形成一层厚度适宜的空气填充层，进一步隔绝热量的传播。
在本申请中，热封层30沿X方向的厚度为30μm至50μm，例如30μm、35μm、40μm、45μm或者50μm等；粘接层50沿X方向的厚度为1μm至5μm，例如1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm或者5μm等；基材层10沿X方向的厚度为20μm至50μm，例如20μm、30μm、40μm或者50μm等；金属层20沿X方向的厚度为35μm至100μm，例如35μm、50μm、65μm、80μm、95μm或者100μm；隔热层40沿X方向的厚度为1μm至10μm，例如1μm、2μm、3μm、4μm、5μm、6μm、7μm、8μm、9μm或者10μm等。本实施例通过将热封层30、粘接层50、基材层10、以及金属层20沿X方向的满足上述的厚度关系，可以将壳体的厚度控制在合理的范围内，且便于起到很好的隔热效果。
进一步地，本申请中的金属层20靠近基材层10的表面和/或金属层20靠近热封层30的表面设置有耐腐蚀层(图中未示出)。也即是说，耐腐蚀层可以设置在金属层20靠近基材层10的表面，也可以设置在金属层20靠近热封层30的表面，还可以同时设置在金属层20的两个表面上。通过设置耐腐蚀层，可以提高本实施例中的壳体的使用寿命。
实际加工时，该耐腐蚀层可以是采用硝酸或者金属盐酸浸泡(例如铬、镍、锰、锌酸盐+磷酸盐组成的溶剂进行喷涂或者浸泡)形成在金属层20表面的化学钝化层；也可以是采用喷涂方式形成在金属层20表面的无机物层，如氟化碳膜等。可选地，该耐腐蚀层的厚度为10nm(纳米)至50nm，例如，10nm、20nm、30nm、40nm或者50nm。如此设置，能够在不影响金属层20的物理性能的情况下提高金属层20的耐腐蚀性。
可选地，本实施例中的隔热层40采用碳氮化铪、莫来石(AI203+SiO2)、氧化钇、氧化锆、纳米银、纳米氮化铬铝、纳米氮化硅钛、纳米氮化铝钛、纳米氮化锆硅、纳米氮化 锡、纳米二氧化锆、纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅以及纳米氧化锡锑中的一种或者多种制备而成。当隔热层40采用碳氮化铪、莫来石、氧化钇、氧化锆、纳米银、纳米氮化铬铝、纳米氮化硅钛、纳米氮化铝钛、纳米氮化锆硅、纳米氮化锡、纳米二氧化锆、纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅以及纳米氧化锡锑中的多种制备而成时，碳氮化铪、莫来石、氧化钇、氧化锆、纳米银、纳米氮化铬铝、纳米氮化硅钛、纳米氮化铝钛、纳米氮化锆硅、纳米氮化锡、纳米二氧化锆、纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅以及纳米氧化锡锑的比例可以任意选择，本申请中不作具体限定。碳氮化铪、莫来石、氧化钇、氧化锆、纳米银、纳米氮化铬铝、纳米氮化硅钛、纳米氮化铝钛、纳米氮化锆硅、纳米氮化锡、纳米二氧化锆、纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅以及纳米氧化锡锑具有很好的隔热性能，能够起到很好的隔热效果。
可选地，热封层30采用聚烯烃、环状聚烯烃、酸改性聚烯烃、酸改性环状聚烯烃中的一种或者多种制备而成。当热封层30采用聚烯烃、环状聚烯烃、酸改性聚烯烃、酸改性环状聚烯烃中的两种以上混合制备而成时，其比例可以任意调配，本申请中不做具体限定。上述材料具有很好的热封效果，便于提高壳体的热封性能。
可选地，本申请中的粘接层50和粘接部511采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、共聚聚酯等的聚酯系树脂、聚醚系粘接剂、聚氨酯系粘接剂、环氧系树脂、酚醛系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂、纤维素系粘接剂、丙烯酸系树脂、甲基丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、聚碳酸酯、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等的氨基树脂、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯－丁二烯橡胶中的一种或者多种制备而成。具体制备时，当采聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、共聚聚酯等的聚酯系树脂、聚醚系粘接剂、聚氨酯系粘接剂、环氧系树脂、酚醛系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂、纤维素系粘接剂、丙烯酸系树脂、甲基丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、聚碳酸酯、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等的氨基树脂、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯－丁二烯橡胶中的至少两种物质制备粘接层50或者粘接部511时，可以以任意比例混合，本申请中不做具体限定。其中，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、共聚聚酯等的聚酯系树脂、聚醚系粘接剂、聚氨酯系粘接剂、环氧系树脂、酚醛系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂、纤维素系粘接剂、丙烯酸系树脂、甲基丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、聚碳酸酯、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等的氨基树脂、氯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯－丁二烯橡胶具有质量轻、韧性好、抗冲击强度高等优点，便于将相邻的两个主体层粘接固定在一起，能够提高壳体的结构稳定性。
可选地，基材层10包括涤纶树脂层或者尼龙层，只要是在本申请的构思下的其他变形方式，均在本申请的保护范围之内。
可选地，金属层20包括钢层或者铝层等，只要是在本申请的构思下的其他变形方式，均在本申请的保护范围之内。
以下将结合具体的实施例对本申请的壳体进行详细介绍。
实施例1
参见图1所示，本实施例中的壳体包括沿铝塑的厚度方向依次设置的基材层10、粘接 层50、金属层20、粘接层50、隔热层40、粘接层50以及热封层30。
实际制备该壳体时，采用40μm铝箔层经过碱洗除油、水洗、酸洗中和、水洗，得到干净的金属层20；然后在金属层20两个表面辊涂处理液，处理液由磷酸锌、硝酸铬及蒸馏水按照质量比3:1:96组成，经过75℃高温处理，得到耐腐蚀层，厚度为20nm；接着将隔热层40通过等离子喷涂的方式喷涂或者粘接等方式设置在有耐腐蚀层的金属层20的其中一个表面，并形成一层2μm厚度的纳米二氧化钛隔热层40，随后在隔热层40表面和金属层20的另外一个表面涂覆粘接剂形成粘接层50，粘接层50的厚度为2μm；粘接层50为丁腈橡胶层，随后将厚度为40μm的聚烯烃层干式层压复合至层叠了隔热层40和粘接层50的表面，形成热封层30，随后将厚度为40μm的尼龙层干式层压复合至层叠了粘接层50的表面，形成基材层10，最终得到成品的壳体；将成品于75℃下老化加热4天，即得到图1所示结构的壳体。
实施例2
参见图2所示，本实施例中的壳体包括沿铝塑的厚度方向依次设置的基材层10、粘接层50、隔热层40、剥离层51、金属层20、粘接层50以及热封层30。
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中的隔热层40设置在金属层20靠近基材层10的一侧，此时，用于粘接隔热层40的粘接层50为具有孔隙512的剥离层51。本实施例中的壳体的厚度和制备方式与实施例1中的一致，剥离层51上孔隙512可以通过微针插设形成。
实施例3
参见图3所示，本实施例中的壳体包括沿铝塑的厚度方向依次设置的隔热层40、粘接层50、基材层10、粘接层50、金属层20、粘接层50以及热封层30。
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中的隔热层40设置在基材层10远离金属层20的一侧。本实施例中的壳体的各层的厚度和材料与实施例1中相同。
实施例4
参见图4所示，本实施例中的壳体包括沿铝塑的厚度方向依次设置的基材层10、粘接层50、隔热层40、剥离层51、金属层20、隔热层40、粘接层50以及热封层30。
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中的隔热层40设置在金属层20的两个表面上。本实施例中的壳体的各层的厚度和材料与实施例1中相同。剥离层51上孔隙512可以通过微针插设形成。
实施例5
参见图5所示，本实施例中的壳体包括沿铝塑的厚度方向依次设置的隔热层40、粘接层50、基材层10、粘接层50、隔热层40、剥离层51、金属层20、隔热层40、粘接层50以及热封层30。
与实施例1不同的是，本实施例中金属层20的两个表面、以及基材层10远离金属层20的表面上均设置有隔热层40。本实施例中的壳体的各层的厚度和材料与实施例1中相同。剥离层51上孔隙512可以通过微针插设形成。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种壳体，该壳体与实施例1的不同在于隔热层没有设置孔隙。
对比例1
对比例提供了一种壳体，该壳体与实施例1的不同在于没有设置隔热层。
将本申请的壳体用于锂离子电池封装后，在130℃的环境下测试电池的炉温性能，同时监控电池内部温度的最大值，当电池不起火不爆炸则视为通过，壳体具有良好的隔热和安全性能，共测试10个电池。具体可参见表1所示。
表1：
另一方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种电池，该电池包括上述实施例中的壳体。因此，该电池包括上述实施例中的壳体的所有技术效果，由于前文已经对壳体的技术效果进行了描述，此处不再赘述。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种壳体，其特征在于，包括沿所述壳体的X方向依次层叠设置的基材层(10)、金属层(20)以及热封层(30)，其中，
    所述壳体还包括至少一层隔热层(40)，所述隔热层(40)设置位置满足条件(a)-(c)至少一种：
    (a)所述金属层(20)靠近所述基材层(10)的表面；
    (b)所述金属层(20)靠近所述热封层(30)的表面；
    (c)所述基材层(10)远离所述金属层(20)的表面。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的壳体，其特征在于，所述隔热层(40)设置于所述金属层(20)远离所述热封层(30)的表面，且所述隔热层(40)和所述金属层(20)之间通过剥离层(51)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的壳体，其特征在于，所述剥离层(51)包括若干个第一区域和若干个第二区域，所述第一区域包括粘接部(511)，所述第二区域包括孔隙(512)，所述粘接部(511)沿所述壳体的X方向与所述金属层(20)和/或所述隔热层(40)连接，所述孔隙(512)沿所述壳体的X方向与所述金属层(20)和/或所述隔热层(40)相邻，所述孔隙(512)的外周与所述粘接部(511)相邻。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的壳体，其特征在于，相邻两个所述孔隙(52)之间的间距为100μm至1050μm。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的壳体，其特征在于，单位面积内，所述第二区域的表面积之和所述第二区域的表面积之和的比值为45％～70％。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的壳体，其特征在于，所述剥离层(51)沿所述X方向的厚度为1μm至5μm。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的壳体，其特征在于，所述隔热层(40)沿所述X方向的厚度d隔热与所述金属层(20)沿所述X方向的厚度d金属层满足关系式d隔热/d金属层＝0.0125～0.5。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的壳体，其特征在于，所述隔热层(40)沿所述X方向的厚度为1μm至10μm。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的壳体，其特征在于，所述金属层(20)靠近所述基材层(10)的表面和/或所述金属层(20)靠近所述热封层(30)的表面设置有耐腐蚀层，所述耐腐蚀层沿所述X方向的厚度为10nm至50nm。
  10. 一种电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括权利要求1至9中任一项所述的壳体。
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