WO2025005254A1 - 固体量子センサモジュールおよびセンサ装置 - Google Patents
固体量子センサモジュールおよびセンサ装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025005254A1 WO2025005254A1 PCT/JP2024/023524 JP2024023524W WO2025005254A1 WO 2025005254 A1 WO2025005254 A1 WO 2025005254A1 JP 2024023524 W JP2024023524 W JP 2024023524W WO 2025005254 A1 WO2025005254 A1 WO 2025005254A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to solid-state quantum sensor modules and sensor devices.
- NV center Nitrogen Vacancy center
- SiV centers silicon-vacancy centers
- SnV centers tin-vacancy centers
- NV center When an electron is captured in the NV center (hereafter referred to as "NV - "), the NV center forms a state called a spin triplet and behaves as a single spin.
- the single spin of NV - changes in response to an external magnetic field, and this spin state can be measured even at room temperature. Therefore, diamonds containing NV centers can be used as materials for magnetic field sensor devices, electric field sensor devices, and the like.
- Patent document 1 discloses a sensor that includes an element having a color center to be excited, a pair of antennas for exciting a specific color center arranged on either side of the element, and a power supply that supplies a high-frequency current with a variable frequency to the pair of antennas for exciting the color center.
- Patent Document 2 also discloses a magnetometer including a substrate, an electron spin defect layer including a plurality of lattice point defects arranged on the substrate, a microwave field transmitter, a light source, an optical resonator cavity including at least a portion of the electron spin defect layer and arranged to recirculate the light passing through the electron spin defect layer, a photodetector that detects photoluminescence emitted from the electron spin defect layer, and a magnet arranged adjacent to the electron spin defect layer.
- a sensor device using a solid-state element having a color center includes, for example, a diamond element having an NV center, an antenna for transmitting a microwave field, a light source that emits green light to excite the diamond element from the ground state to an excited state, and a photodetector for observing the intensity of red fluorescence.
- the photodetector is often not integrated on the substrate, and there is a demand for miniaturization.
- the photodetector is integrated on the substrate to achieve miniaturization, it may be adversely affected by noise from the antenna for transmitting the microwave field.
- This disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and has as its main objective the provision of a solid-state quantum sensor module that makes it possible to miniaturize the sensor device and reduce the effect of microwave noise on the photodetector.
- a solid-state quantum sensor module comprising: a substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface located opposite to the first main surface; a solid-state element having a color center located on the first main surface side of the substrate; a light guide plate located between the substrate and the solid-state element; a microwave field transmission antenna; a light source located on the first main surface side of the substrate and emitting light including a first wavelength that excites the color center from a ground state to an excited state; and a photodetector located on the first main surface side of the substrate and detecting photoluminescence including a second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element, wherein the solid-state element overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna when viewed along the normal direction of the first main surface of the substrate, and the photodetector does not overlap with the microwave field transmission antenna when viewed along the normal direction of the first main surface of the substrate.
- Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a sensor device including the solid-state quantum sensor module described above.
- the present disclosure can provide a solid-state quantum sensor module that can reduce the size of a sensor device and reduce the effect of microwave noise on a photodetector.
- FIG. 1A and 1B are a schematic top view and a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a diamond element having an NV center.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a diamond quantum sensor. This is an optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum obtained with a diamond quantum sensor.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating a solid-state component according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1A to 1C are a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic top view of a solid-state element illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1A to 1C are a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic top view of a solid-state element illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic top view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1A to 1C are a schematic cross-sectional view, an exploded view, and a schematic top view of a light guide plate and a substrate illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module in a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 1A to 1C are a schematic top view, a schematic cross-sectional view, and an exploded cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 11A to 11C are a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic top view of a solid-state element illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11A to 11C are a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic top view of a solid-state element illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13A and 13B are a schematic top view and a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a sensor element structure used in a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a sensor element structure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a sensor element structure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a sensor element structure according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 13A to 13C are a schematic cross-sectional view, an exploded cross-sectional view, and a schematic top view of a light guide plate and a substrate illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 13A and 13B are schematic cross-sectional views and exploded cross-sectional views illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the term “above” or “below” is used, unless otherwise specified, to include both cases in which another component is placed directly above or below a certain component so as to be in contact with the component, and cases in which another component is placed above or below a certain component with another component interposed between them.
- the term “on the surface side” or “on the surface” is used, unless otherwise specified, to include both cases in which another component is placed directly above or below a certain component so as to be in contact with the component, and cases in which another component is placed above or below a certain component with another component interposed between them.
- A. Solid-State Quantum Sensor Module The inventors of the present application have discovered that it is possible to miniaturize a solid-state quantum sensor module by integrating a light source and a photodetector on the first main surface side of a substrate.
- FIG. 1(a) is a schematic top view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1(a). Note that the pattern shape of the microwave field transmitting antenna is omitted in FIG. 1(b).
- FIG. 15(a) is a schematic top view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 15(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 15(a)
- FIG. 15(c) is an exploded cross-sectional view of FIG. 15(b).
- the solid-state quantum sensor modules 1A and 1B of the present disclosure can be miniaturized because the light source 5 and the photodetector 7 can be integrated on the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2. Furthermore, according to the present disclosure, the light guide plate 6 located between the substrate 2 and the solid-state element 4 in the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2 is included, so that the light (excitation light) containing the first wavelength emitted from the light source 5 can be efficiently guided to the solid-state element 4.
- the photodetector 7 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2, the photodetector 7 does not overlap with the microwave field transmission antenna 3, so that the effect of microwave noise on the photodetector 7 can be reduced. Furthermore, when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2, the solid-state element 4 is located at a position overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3, so that the microwave field transmission antenna can efficiently irradiate the microwave to the color center.
- the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2 will also be referred to simply as the normal direction D N.
- solid-state quantum sensor module of the present disclosure will be described in detail, divided into a first embodiment and a second embodiment depending on the position of the light source.
- a solid-state quantum sensor module using a sensor element structure having a solid-state element will be described as a third embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b) includes a substrate 2 having a first main surface S1 and a second main surface S2 located on the opposite side of the first main surface S1, a solid-state element 4 having a color center located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, a light guide plate 6 located between the substrate 2 and the solid-state element 4 in the normal direction D N , a microwave field transmission antenna 3, a light source 5 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and emitting light including a first wavelength that excites the color center from the ground state to an excited state, and a photodetector 7 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and detecting photoluminescence including a second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element 4.
- the solid-state element 4 is located in a position overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the photodetector 7 is located at a position not overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the light source 5 is located at a position not overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the light source 5 is located at a position that does not overlap with the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D- N , thereby reducing microwave noise to the light source 5, resulting in a solid-state quantum sensor module capable of high-precision sensing.
- the microwave field transmission antenna 3 is preferably located closer to the substrate 2 in the normal direction D N than the light guide plate 6 in the region where it overlaps with the light guide plate 6 when viewed along the normal direction D N.
- the microwave field transmission antenna 3, the light guide plate 6, and the solid-state element 4 are arranged in this order from the substrate 2 side.
- Solid-state element As shown in FIG. 1(a) and FIG. 1(b), the solid-state element 4 having a color center in this embodiment is located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2. Furthermore, when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2, the solid-state element 4 is located at a position overlapping the microwave field transmission antenna 3. "When viewed along the normal direction D N , the solid-state element 4 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3" means that at least a part of the solid-state element 4 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the solid-state element 4 is located on the surface side opposite the substrate 2 side of the light guide plate 6 in the normal direction D N. Moreover, it is preferable that the solid-state element 4 is located on the surface side opposite the substrate 2 side of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 in the normal direction D N.
- a solid-state element with a color center is one in which electrons or holes are trapped in point defects in a solid ionic crystal.
- Materials used for solid-state elements with color centers include, for example, diamond and silicon carbide (SiC), with diamond being preferred, as it has excellent spin coherence properties at room temperature.
- Examples of color centers include the color center of diamond and the color center of silicon carbide (SiC).
- Examples of color centers in diamond include the nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) and silicon-vacancy center, with the NV center being preferred.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a diamond element having an NV center.
- the NV center is a complex impurity defect consisting of a pair of nitrogen (Nitrogen) that has entered the substitution position of carbon in the diamond lattice and a vacancy (Vacancy) where a carbon atom adjacent to this nitrogen has been removed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the principle of a diamond quantum sensor that includes a diamond element having NV- and measures magnetic field strength etc. by the principle of optical detection magnetic resonance.
- ESR electron spin resonance
- the solid-state element 4 preferably has a light-emitting region 41 and a connection region 42 between the light-emitting region 41 and the photodetector. Also, as shown in FIG. 5(d), the solid-state element 4 may have another region 43 other than the light-emitting region 41 and the connection region 42.
- the light-emitting region 41 is a region that overlaps with the region of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N.
- the region of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 refers to a region including a conductive pattern, for example, a conductive pattern such as a loop antenna formed in a planar shape as described later.
- the solid-state element of this embodiment may be flat, as shown in FIG. 5(a). In this case, it is preferable that the solid-state element 4 is flat and extends in the direction D1 from the light source 5 toward the photodetector 7. Also, as shown in FIG. 5(b), FIG. 5(c) and FIG. 5(d), it is preferable that the solid-state element 4 has one or more line patterns 4p extending in the direction D1 from the light source 5 toward the photodetector 7. In particular, it is preferable that the solid-state element 4 has a plurality of line patterns 4p.
- the structure of each line pattern 4p of the solid-state element 4 in this embodiment is also referred to as a first photonic cavity structure.
- the light-emitting region 41 in the solid-state element has the above-mentioned first photonic cavity structure.
- first photonic cavity structure By having such a first photonic cavity structure, photoluminescence including the second wavelength can be efficiently supplied to the photodetector side due to the refractive index difference with air.
- the solid-state element 4 having the first photonic cavity structure with the light guide plate 6, it is possible to efficiently introduce and extract light in the horizontal direction, and when viewed along the normal direction D- N , the light source 5 and the photodetector 7 can be disposed at a position away from the microwave field transmitting antenna 3.
- the solid-state component 4 has a pattern group C consisting of a plurality of line patterns 4p.
- FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) are schematic plan views showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state element 4 in this embodiment may have multiple pattern groups C.
- the solid-state element 4 may have multiple connection regions 42 that connect to each pattern group C, and the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A may have multiple photodetectors 7.
- Each pattern group C shown in FIG. 6(a) has multiple line patterns 4p, so if defects occur during the manufacturing process, it may be difficult to recover the photoluminescence.
- the solid-state component 4 in this embodiment may be divided into multiple independent pattern groups C by bus cavities B. By having the solid-state component 4 have such bus cavities B, it is possible to reduce the recovery loss of photoluminescence due to defects in the line patterns.
- FIG. 7(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- FIG. 7(b) is a schematic top view of the solid-state element 4 in FIG. 7(a).
- each line pattern 4p preferably has a photonics mirror structure. By having a photonics mirror structure, the intensity of photoluminescence including the second wavelength can be amplified, enabling highly sensitive sensing.
- the photonics mirror structure is not particularly limited as long as it is a structure in which a plurality of dielectrics or the like are periodically arranged to control the transmission and reflection of light, confine light, and amplify it by resonating it.
- NTS Corporation Handbook of Quantum Interactions of Light and Matter
- Photonic Crystals Mokita Publishing Co., Ltd.
- the gap group O1 on the light source side and the gap group O2 on the photodetector side reflect light including the second wavelength, and the light can be resonated and amplified between these gap groups d.
- the gap number n2 of the gap group on the photodetector side of the solid-state element smaller than the gap number n1 of the gap group on the light source side of the solid-state element, the gap group on the photodetector side can act like a semi-transparent mirror, making it easier for light to travel toward the photodetector.
- the void group O1 and the void group O2 are formed so that at least the gap between the void groups d is located in the light-emitting region 41.
- the void group O1 and the void group O2 may be formed in the light-emitting region 41.
- the void group O2 may be formed in the connection region 42.
- the void group O1 may be formed in a region other than the light-emitting region 41 and the connection region 42 (region 43 in FIG. 5(d)).
- the optical distance d between such gap groups is preferably n3 times (n3 is an integer) the second wavelength ⁇ 2 /2, for example. This is because resonance of light including the second wavelength is likely to occur.
- the optical distance is a value obtained by multiplying the physical distance by the refractive index of the medium.
- the distance between the gaps in the gap group and the gap size are appropriately set to an optical distance equal to or less than half the wavelength (second wavelength ⁇ 2 /2) of the light to be controlled by simulation or the like based on the controlled light wavelength (second wavelength ⁇ 2 ) and the physical properties such as the dielectric constant and transmittance of the photonic cavity material (i.e., the solid-state element material).
- the voids can be formed, for example, by stacking a metal layer on a solid-state element (e.g., diamond), patterning the metal layer, and using the resulting metal pattern as a mask to perform dry etching using oxygen plasma or the like.
- the metal pattern stacked as a mask may be removed by wet etching or the like after the voids are formed.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the end 4E on the photodetector side of the solid-state element 4 in this embodiment has a curvature.
- “the end on the photodetector side has a curvature” means that the end 4E on the photodetector side is curved in a convex shape toward the photodetector side in a direction perpendicular to the normal direction. This is because the light emitted from the solid-state element can be made into convergent light by the convex lens, making it easier to introduce light containing the second wavelength into the photodetector 7.
- FIG. 9(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- FIG. 9(b) is a schematic top view of the solid-state element in FIG. 9(a).
- the solid-state element 4 in this embodiment preferably has a plurality of color centers (NV in FIG. 9) arranged side by side at a predetermined interval along the direction D1 toward the photodetector. It is more preferable that each line pattern 4p of the solid-state element 4 has a plurality of color centers (NV) arranged side by side at a predetermined interval.
- the thickness of the solid-state element is not particularly limited, and is 50 nm or more, may be 100 nm or more, or may be 150 nm or more. On the other hand, the thickness is, for example, 1000 ⁇ m or less, may be 100 ⁇ m or less, or may be 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the material of the metal layer may be, for example, a metal such as gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, or chromium, or an alloy.
- the metal layer may have a pattern shape.
- the shape of the metal layer of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 in this embodiment may be a loop shape, a patch shape called a microstrip antenna, a stripe shape, or the like.
- the see-through antenna described in detail in the second embodiment can also be used.
- a metal layer shape that transmits microwaves mainly in a vertical direction so that the microwaves are not directly exposed to the photodetector and light source.
- Examples of such shapes include a loop antenna or a microstrip antenna formed in a planar shape.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may include a microwave field control circuit that provides a microwave source signal to the microwave field transmitting antenna.
- the microwave field control circuit may be electrically connected to the microwave field transmitting antenna.
- the microwave frequency of the microwave source signal is, for example, greater than or equal to about 2 GHz and less than or equal to about 4 GHz.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light source located on the first main surface side of the substrate, which emits light having a first wavelength that excites a color center in the solid-state element from a ground state to an excited state.
- the light source 5 is located at a position where it can emit light having the first wavelength in the in-plane direction of the light guide plate 6 and does not overlap with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N.
- the light emitted from the light source includes a first wavelength that excites one or more color centers in the solid-state device from a ground state to an excited state.
- the first wavelength is different from a second wavelength emitted by the color centers, as described below.
- the first wavelength may be, for example, about 532 nm, to excite the color centers in the solid-state device.
- Light sources include, for example, light-emitting diodes and lasers.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light guide plate located between the substrate and the solid-state element, which guides the light having the first wavelength emitted from the light source to the solid-state element.
- the light guide plate may be an optical waveguide that propagates light in the surface direction of the light guide plate, or may be a diffusion plate that diffuses light in the vertical direction.
- the light guide plate 6 is preferably an optical waveguide 60 having a core layer 61 and a clad layer 62 having a refractive index different from that of the core layer 61.
- the clad layer may have a first clad layer having a recess for the core layer, and a second clad layer that seals the core layer arranged in the recess of the first clad layer.
- the refractive index of the clad layer is preferably lower than that of the core layer, and light that enters the core layer is transmitted while being totally reflected inward at the boundary with the clad layer.
- Examples of the material of the ultraviolet curable resin composition include a polymerizable oligomer or monomer having an acryloyl group, such as urethane acrylate, oligoester acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyether acrylate, melamine acrylate, or a mixture of these oligomers or monomers with a monofunctional or polyfunctional monomer containing a polymerizable vinyl group, such as acrylic acid, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, or styrene, to which a photopolymerization initiator, sensitizer, or desired additive is added.
- a polymerizable oligomer or monomer having an acryloyl group such as urethane acrylate, oligoester acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate
- the optical waveguide may include a resin substrate that supports the core layer and the cladding layer.
- the resin substrate film is formed of, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polycarbonate (PC).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state element 4 is omitted in FIG. 10.
- the core layer 61 preferably has a branched structure in which a main body core portion 61a in a line shape branches into two or more branch core portions (61b, 61c, 61d, 61e, 61f) at a branch portion located midway.
- the branch core portions are arranged at a predetermined interval, and the cladding layer 62 preferably encapsulates the five arranged branch core portions together.
- the optical waveguide preferably has the branch core portion in a region that overlaps with the light-emitting region of the solid-state element. This is because light of the first wavelength can be efficiently introduced into the solid-state element.
- the diffusion plate used in the present invention may contain particles.
- particles include inorganic particles such as silica and alumina, fluororesin particles such as acrylic resin, styrene resin, polytetrafluoroethylene and polyfluorovinylidene, and silicone resin particles. These particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
- the average particle size of the particles is preferably in the range of 0.8 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m in terms of scattering properties. The particle content may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the light guide plate in this embodiment may have both the functions of the optical waveguide and the diffusion plate.
- the optical waveguide when viewed along the normal direction D N , propagates light containing the first wavelength from the light source to the end of the light-emitting region of the solid-state element on the light source side, and a diffusion plate is used in the region overlapping with the light-emitting region, making it easy to introduce light into the solid-state element located above.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a photodetector located on the first main surface side of the substrate and configured to detect photoluminescence having a second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element.
- the photoluminescence may include one or more wavelengths of light corresponding to the emission wavelength of the color center (e.g., a wavelength of about 637 nm) as the second wavelength.
- the photodetector 7 is preferably disposed so that the detection surface of the photodetector 7 faces the end 4E of the solid-state component 4.
- the photodetector 7 and the solid-state component 4 may also be in direct contact.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a substrate, which is a member that supports components such as the light source, the photodetector, the solid-state device, the light guide plate, and the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the material of the substrate may be, for example, an organic material, an inorganic material, or a composite material containing an organic material and an inorganic material.
- the substrate is made of a material containing an inorganic material, and it is particularly preferable that the substrate is made of an inorganic material.
- examples of the substrate material include substrates made of inorganic materials such as glass substrates, ceramic substrates, resin substrates, silicon substrates, quartz substrates, and sapphire substrates.
- the substrate is preferably a glass substrate or a silicon substrate.
- examples of the glass used include soda lime glass, alkali-free glass, and quartz glass.
- examples of the resin used include polyimide.
- examples of the resin used include a glass epoxy substrate.
- the substrate 2 may have a through hole penetrating in the normal direction D N.
- a through electrode layer 14 is disposed on the inner wall of the through hole.
- a conductive layer 15 may be provided on the second main surface S2 side of the substrate 2.
- the substrate 2 may be one in which the conductive layer 15 is electrically connected to the light source 5, the photodetector 7, and the microwave field transmission antenna 3 by the through electrode layer 14 formed in the through hole of the substrate 2.
- the materials for the through electrode layer and the conductive layer are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive, and examples of such materials include metal elements, alloys, and metal compounds.
- metal elements contained in the metal materials include chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, and aluminum.
- metal elements such as copper, gold, silver, platinum, rhodium, tin, aluminum, nickel, and chromium, or alloys containing at least one of these metal elements, are preferred.
- FIGs 11(a) and 11(b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A in this embodiment preferably includes a first reflective layer 8a that reflects light containing a first wavelength on the surface side opposite to the surface located on the light guide plate 6 side of the solid-state element 4.
- a second reflective layer 8b that reflects light containing a first wavelength on the surface side opposite to the surface located on the light guide plate 6 side of the microwave field transmission antenna 3.
- the first reflective layer 8a and the second reflective layer 8b it is preferable to arrange the first reflective layer 8a and the second reflective layer 8b.
- the second reflective layer 8b may be located on the second main surface S2 side of the substrate 2 as shown in Figure 11(b). By arranging such a reflective layer, it is possible to suppress the light containing the first wavelength from leaking out without being introduced into the solid-state element.
- the reflective layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer that reflects light that includes the first wavelength, and examples of the reflective layer include a metal vapor deposition film.
- the thickness of the reflective layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a thickness that provides a desired reflectance for light that includes the first wavelength, and is set appropriately.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A of this embodiment preferably includes a first optical wavelength selecting filter 9a in the light guide plate 6 that selectively transmits light including a first wavelength. Light of undesired wavelengths other than the light including the first wavelength can be suppressed, and sensing can be made more efficient and sensitive.
- the first optical wavelength selecting filter may be located between the light guide plate 6 and the light source 5.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A of this embodiment preferably includes a second optical wavelength selection filter 9b in the solid-state element 4 that selectively transmits light including the second wavelength. This makes it possible to suppress light of undesired wavelengths other than the light including the second wavelength, thereby making sensing more efficient and sensitive.
- the second optical wavelength selection filter may be located between the solid-state element 4 and the photodetector 7.
- the first wavelength selection filter and the second wavelength selection filter are not particularly limited as long as they selectively transmit light including a first wavelength and light including a second wavelength, respectively, and known filters can be used.
- the first wavelength selection filter is configured to transmit light including a first wavelength (e.g., green light) and reflect light other than the light including the first wavelength
- the second wavelength selection filter is configured to transmit light including a second wavelength (e.g., red light) and reflect light other than the light including the second wavelength.
- the first wavelength selection filter and the second wavelength selection filter have, for example, a multilayer film. Selective transmission means that the transmittance of light in a specific wavelength range including the target wavelength is higher than the transmittance of light outside the specific wavelength range.
- the first wavelength selection filter preferably has a transmittance of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, in a wavelength band of the first wavelength ⁇ 50 nm.
- the second wavelength selection filter preferably has a transmittance of 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, in a wavelength band of the second wavelength ⁇ 50 nm.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment preferably has a shielding part that shields microwaves emitted from the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the shielding part is preferably located so as to surround the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the shielding part is preferably located at least one of inside the substrate and inside the light guide plate.
- the shielding portion is made of, for example, a metal material.
- the metal material may be any material capable of blocking microwaves, and may be, for example, aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, titanium, gold, or other metal materials.
- Fig. 13(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- Fig. 13(b) is an exploded view of the solid-state quantum sensor module shown in Fig. 13(a).
- Fig. 13(c) is a top view of the light guide plate 6 shown in Fig. 13(b), and
- Fig. 13(d) is a top view of the substrate 2 and antenna 3 shown in Fig. 13(b) when viewed along the normal direction D- N .
- the solid-state quantum sensor module shown in Figures 13(a) to 13(d) has a first shielding portion 10a in the substrate 2 and a second shielding portion 10b in the light guide plate 6.
- first shielding portion 10a in the substrate 2
- second shielding portion 10b in the light guide plate 6.
- FIG. 14(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the photodetector 7 and the solid-state element 4 may be connected by a polymer waveguide 11 (photonic wire bond, PWB).
- the shape of the polymer waveguide can be manufactured by a 3D printer or the like so as to match the actual positions of the components, which is preferable because it does not require high-precision alignment of the optical components to be connected.
- the material of the polymer waveguide a conventionally known material can be used.
- FIG. 14(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A preferably includes a light-shielding wall 12 that blocks light from the outside. By including the light-shielding wall, highly sensitive sensing is possible.
- the material of the light-shielding wall is preferably a light-shielding and non-magnetic material.
- a non-magnetic material is a material that is difficult to magnetize. Examples of such materials include metal materials such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, carbon, and chromium oxide.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment preferably includes a reference photodetector that detects light having the first wavelength.
- a reference photodetector that detects light having the first wavelength.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1A in this embodiment preferably includes a heater element 13 at a position surrounded by the light-shielding wall 12 and the substrate 2.
- the heater element 13 is preferably located on the first main surface side of the substrate 2.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may include a permanent magnet.
- the permanent magnet may be located adjacent to the solid-state component.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may include various electronic components, such as an amplifier, an IC (integrated circuit) such as an A/D converter, and the like.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1B of the second embodiment shown in Figures 15(a), 15(b) and 15(c) includes a substrate 2 having a first main surface S1 and a second main surface S2 located on the opposite side of the first main surface S1, a solid-state element 4 having a color center located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, a light guide plate 6 located between the substrate 2 and the solid-state element 4 in the normal direction D N , a microwave field transmission antenna 3, a light source 5 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate and emitting light including a first wavelength that excites the color center from the ground state to an excited state, and a photodetector 7 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate and detecting photoluminescence including a second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element 4.
- the solid-state element 4 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the photodetector 7 is located at a position that does not overlap the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the microwave field transmission antenna 3 is a transparent antenna that can transmit light including a first wavelength
- the light source 5 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2
- a light guide plate 6 is located between the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3 in the normal direction D N in the region where the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3 overlap.
- the light source, light guide plate, and microwave field transmission antenna are arranged in a stacked manner, which allows the solid-state quantum sensor module to be further miniaturized. Furthermore, since the light emitted from the light source propagates in the thickness direction, the light from the light source can be efficiently introduced into the solid-state element.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1B of the second embodiment preferably has, in the region where the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3 overlap, the light source 5, the light guide plate 6, the microwave field transmission antenna 3, and the solid-state element 4, in that order, from the substrate 2 side. This allows microwaves to be irradiated from the microwave field transmission antenna to the color center more efficiently.
- Each component of the solid-state quantum sensor module of this embodiment will be described in detail below.
- Solid-state element As shown in Fig. 15(a), Fig. 15(b) and Fig. 15(c), the solid-state element 4 in this embodiment is located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, and is located on the opposite side of the substrate 2 side of the light guide plate 6. In addition, the solid-state element 4 is preferably located on the opposite side of the substrate 2 side of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 in the normal direction D N. In addition, the solid-state element 4 is located on the opposite side of the substrate 2 side of the light source 5 in the normal direction D N.
- the substrate 2 in the region where the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3 overlap when viewed from the normal direction D N, it is preferable to have the substrate 2, the light source 5, the light guide plate 6, the microwave field transmission antenna 3 and the solid-state element 4 in this order in the normal direction D N.
- the material, shape, and other characteristics of the solid-state element in this embodiment can be the same as those of the solid-state element in the first embodiment.
- each line pattern 4p in the line pattern has a photonic mirror structure.
- the end 4E of the solid-state element 4 on the photodetector side has a curvature.
- the solid-state component 4 in this embodiment preferably has multiple color centers (NV in Figure 18) positioned side by side at a predetermined interval along the direction D1 toward the photodetector. It is more preferable that each line pattern 4p of the solid-state component 4 has multiple color centers (NV in Figure 18) positioned side by side at a predetermined interval along the direction D1 toward the photodetector.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a microwave field transmitting antenna to apply a microwave field to the solid-state element.
- the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 in this embodiment is preferably located closer to the substrate 2 than the solid-state element 4 in the normal direction D N.
- the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 may be located between the light source 5 and the solid-state element 4.
- the microwave field transmission antenna is preferably a transparent antenna that can transmit light including the first wavelength.
- a transparent antenna has, for example, a transparent base material and a metal layer made of thin metal wires. This results in an antenna that has both a light-opaque conductive part made of thin metal wires and a light-transmitting window part.
- metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, and chromium as well as alloys are acceptable.
- the pattern shape of the metal layer of the transparent antenna may be, for example, striped, mesh, or randomly reticulated, and the aperture ratio is preferably 80% or more from the viewpoint of transparency.
- the aperture ratio is the ratio of the area of the transparent window to the total area (the total area of the opaque conductive part made of thin metal wires and the transparent window).
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may include a microwave field control circuit.
- the microwave field control circuit has the same content as in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light source that emits light including a first wavelength that excites the color center in the solid-state element 4 from the ground state to an excited state.
- the light source 5 is located in a position where it can emit light including the first wavelength toward the light guide plate 6, and is disposed in a position facing the microwave field transmission antenna 3 across the light guide plate 6. That is, in the normal direction D N , the light guide plate 6 is located between the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3.
- Other features of the light source are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light guide plate that guides light containing the first wavelength emitted from the light source to the solid-state element.
- the light guide plate is preferably a diffusion plate because it is required to guide light to the solid-state element located above.
- the light guide plate 6 may have a recess in which the light source 5 can be disposed.
- Other features of the diffusion plate are the same as those of the diffusion plate described in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a photodetector located on the first main surface side of the substrate, which detects photoluminescence having a second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element.
- Other features of the photodetector are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a substrate.
- the substrate is a member that supports components such as the light source, the photodetector, the solid-state element, the light guide plate, and the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the substrate is the same as the substrate described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1B of this embodiment preferably includes a first reflective layer 8a that reflects light containing the first wavelength on the surface side opposite to the surface located on the light guide plate 6 side of the solid-state element 4.
- a first reflective layer 8a that reflects light containing the first wavelength on the surface side opposite to the surface located on the light guide plate 6 side of the solid-state element 4.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1B of this embodiment preferably includes a second optical wavelength selective filter 9b that selectively transmits light including a second wavelength in the solid-state element 4.
- the second optical wavelength selective filter 9b may be located between the solid-state element 4 and the photodetector 7.
- the second wavelength selection filter is not particularly limited as long as it selectively transmits light containing the second wavelength, and a filter similar to the second wavelength selection filter described in the first embodiment can be used.
- FIG. 20(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the photodetector 7 and the solid-state element 4 may be connected by a polymer waveguide 11 (photonic wire bond, PWB).
- PWB photonic wire bond
- Fig. 20(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1B preferably includes a light-shielding wall 12 that blocks light from the outside.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1B in this embodiment preferably includes a heater element 13 at a position surrounded by the light-shielding wall 12 and the substrate 2.
- the light-shielding wall and the heater element may be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may have other components such as a reference photodetector and a permanent magnet, etc.
- the reference photodetector and the permanent magnet may be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment is provided with a sensor element structure having a solid-state element instead of the solid-state element of the first and second embodiments described above.
- Fig. 21(a) is a schematic top view showing an example of a sensor element structure in this embodiment
- Fig. 21(b) is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 21(a).
- the sensor element structure 50 has a first optical functional layer 52, a solid-state element 53 having a color center, and a second optical functional layer 54, in this order, in the thickness direction D 1 T.
- the sensor element structure 50 is disposed so that the first optical functional layer 52 faces the substrate 2.
- the thickness direction D 1 T of the sensor element structure 50 usually coincides with the normal direction D 1 N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the solid-state component 53 excites the color center from a ground state to an excited state by excitation light including light of a first wavelength, and emits photoluminescence including light of a second wavelength.
- the first optical functional layer 52 reflects the light of the second wavelength emitted from the solid-state component 53
- the second optical functional layer 54 transmits and reflects the light of the second wavelength.
- the solid-state component 53 has a plurality of element portions 53p isolated from each other by grooves X extending in the thickness direction D T.
- the structure of each element portion 53p of the solid-state component 53 in this embodiment is also referred to as a second photonic cavity structure.
- the solid-state element has a predetermined second photonic cavity structure, so that photoluminescence including light of the second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element can efficiently proceed to the second optical functional layer. Furthermore, the solid-state element is positioned between a first optical functional layer that reflects light of the second wavelength and a second optical functional layer that transmits and reflects light of the second wavelength, so that the light of the second wavelength can be resonated and amplified between the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer, and can be easily emitted from the second optical functional layer. This results in a sensor element structure that can improve the intensity of the emitted photoluminescence.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module disclosed herein is equipped with the above-mentioned sensor element structure, and thus is capable of highly sensitive sensing.
- the aspect in which the solid-state quantum sensor module of the first embodiment has the above-mentioned sensor element structure instead of a solid-state element is described in detail as a first aspect
- the aspect in which the solid-state quantum sensor module of the second embodiment has the above-mentioned sensor element structure instead of a solid-state element is described in detail as a second aspect.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module of the first aspect in the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the groove X of the sensor element structure 50 is omitted.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C of the present disclosure includes a substrate 2 having a first main surface S1 and a second main surface S2 located on the opposite side of the first main surface S1, a sensor element structure 50 including a solid-state element 53 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, a light guide plate 6 located between the substrate 2 and the sensor element structure 50, a microwave field transmission antenna 3, a light source 5 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and emitting excitation light including a first wavelength that excites a color center in the solid-state element 53 from a ground state to an excited state toward the light guide plate 6, and a photodetector 7 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and detecting photoluminescence including light of a second wavelength.
- the solid-state element 53 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the photodetector 7 is located at a position not overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the light source 5 is located at a position not overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the sensor element structure 50 is arranged so that the first optical function layer 52 is on the substrate 2 side.
- the sensor element structure 50 is located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, and is located on the surface side opposite to the substrate 2 side of the light guide plate 6.
- the sensor element structure 50 is preferably located on the surface side opposite to the substrate 2 side of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 in the normal direction D N.
- it is preferable that at least a part of the sensor element structure 50 is located in a position overlapping with the light guide plate 6.
- at least the solid element 53 of the sensor element structure 50 is located in a position overlapping with the microwave field transmission antenna 3, and may be located in a position where they are all overlapped.
- Solid-State Components The types of solid-state components are the same as those in the first embodiment described above, and therefore will not be described here.
- the solid-state element 53 is positioned between the first optical functional layer 52 and the second optical functional layer 54 in the thickness direction D T , thereby making it possible to resonate and amplify light between the first optical functional layer and the second optical functional layer.
- the thickness T 0 (optical distance) of such a solid-state element is preferably, for example, n1 times (n1 is an integer) the second wavelength ⁇ 2 /2.
- the optical distance is a value obtained by multiplying the physical distance by the refractive index of the medium. This is because resonance of light of the second wavelength is likely to occur.
- n1 is 1 or more, and is appropriately set by simulation or the like from the physical property values such as the dielectric constant and transmittance of the second photonic cavity material (i.e., the material of the solid-state element).
- the solid-state component has a plurality of element portions 53p isolated from one another by grooves X extending in the thickness direction DT .
- photoluminescence including light of the second wavelength can be efficiently propagated toward the second optical function layer side due to the refractive index difference with the grooves X (air).
- the shape and arrangement of the grooves are not particularly limited as long as it is possible to isolate the solid-state element into a plurality of element portions.
- the grooves X may be formed, for example, from the surface on the second optical functional layer 54 side to the interface between the solid-state element 53 and the first optical functional layer 52.
- the grooves X may also be formed in the first optical functional layer.
- the shape of the element portion 53p in plan view is not particularly limited, but examples include a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, a circular shape, and the like.
- the size of the element portion in plan view is, for example, 50 nm or more, and preferably 100 nm or more.
- the size of the element portion is, for example, 100 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the element portion refers to the longest length of the element portion, which corresponds to W in the case of FIG. 21(a).
- the element portion 53p preferably has a plurality of color center layers (NV in FIG. 23) extending in a direction D L perpendicular to the thickness direction D T and positioned side by side at a predetermined interval T 1 along the thickness direction D T.
- NV color center layers
- the predetermined interval T 1 (optical distance) is preferably n2 times the second wavelength ⁇ 2 (n2 is a positive number).
- the n2 is preferably 0.6 to 1.4, more preferably 0.8 to 1.2.
- the number of color center layers included in each element portion 53p is, for example, 2 or more, or may be 5 or more, or 10 or more. On the other hand, it may be, for example, 1000 or less, or 500 or less, or 100 or less.
- a conventional method can be used to arrange color centers at a predetermined interval.
- nitrogen atoms and vacancies are simultaneously introduced into diamond.
- a method of introducing nitrogen atoms is to use ion implantation after preparing diamond. With ion implantation, nitrogen atoms can be introduced into diamond in a desired arrangement and amount by improving ion beam focusing technology and controllability of the ion amount. Ion implantation usually involves irradiating ions accelerated to tens to thousands of kV, so vacancies are introduced at the same time as nitrogen.
- a method is used in which nitrogen is introduced during diamond synthesis, and a diamond that has already been nitrogen-doped is irradiated with a controlled electron beam.
- the first optical functional layer in this embodiment is a layer that reflects light of a second wavelength.
- the first optical functional layer preferably transmits light of a first wavelength that excites a color center in the solid-state element from a ground state to an excited state.
- the first optical functional layer preferably has a reflectance of 70% or more for light of the second wavelength, and more preferably 90% or more.
- the reflectance of light of the second wavelength is, for example, 99.9% or less, and may be 95% or less.
- the transmittance of light of the first wavelength is preferably 50% or more, and more preferably 70% or more.
- such a first optical functional layer is a multilayer film in which multiple types of materials with different refractive indices are alternately stacked to form a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR).
- DBR distributed Bragg reflector
- the first optical functional layer 52 is a multilayer film in which low refractive index layers 52a and high refractive index layers 52b are alternately stacked.
- the layers included in the multilayer film may be, for example, a combination of any of materials such as SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , MgO, Ta 2 O 5 , Al 2 O 3 , MgF 2 , and CaF 2 .
- a SiO 2 layer as the low refractive index layer
- a TiO 2 layer as the high refractive index layer.
- the reflectance can be controlled by adjusting the type and number of layers (the number of pairs of low refractive index layer and high refractive index layer) included in the multilayer film.
- the thickness (optical distance) of each layer included in the multilayer film is preferably the second wavelength ⁇ 2 /4.
- the second optical functional layer in this embodiment is a layer that transmits and reflects light of the second wavelength ⁇ 2.
- Examples of such second optical functional layers include those of the same type as the multilayer film of the first optical functional layer described above.
- the number of layers (the number of pairs of low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers) included in the multilayer film of the second optical functional layer is preferably smaller than the number of layers (the number of pairs of low refractive index layers and high refractive index layers) included in the multilayer film of the first optical functional layer. This is because the reflectance of the second optical functional layer can be made smaller than the reflectance of the first optical functional layer.
- the second optical functional layer preferably has a reflectance of 10% or more, more preferably 30% or more, for example, 50% or less, more preferably 40% or less. Also, the second optical functional layer preferably has a transmittance of 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more, for example, 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less.
- the thickness T 0 (optical distance) of the solid-state element in this embodiment is preferably n1 times (n1 is an integer) the second wavelength ⁇ 2 /2.
- the sensor element structure 50 of the present disclosure preferably includes a thickness adjustment layer 55 at least either between the solid-state element 53 and the first optical functional layer 52 or between the solid-state element 53 and the second optical functional layer 54, as shown in FIG.
- the thickness (optical distance) of the thickness adjustment layer 55 be such that the total thickness, including the thickness of the solid-state component, is n1 times (n1 is an integer) the second wavelength ⁇ 2 /2.
- the refractive index of the thickness adjusting layer is preferably close to that of the solid-state component.
- the ratio ( n5 / n0 ) of the refractive index n5 of the thickness adjusting layer to the refractive index n0 of the solid-state component is, for example, 1.5 or less, and preferably 1.3 or less. On the other hand, it may be, for example, 0.65 or more, and 0.75 or more.
- the thickness adjusting layer having the above refractive index is preferably a layer made of, for example, TiO2 , In2O3 , SnO2 , Ta2O5 , Nb2O5 , Ti3O5 , TiO or the like.
- a manufacturing method of a sensor element structure is not particularly limited, but may include, for example, a solid-state element preparation step of preparing the solid-state element, a placement step of placing the first optical adjustment layer on one side of the solid-state element and the second optical adjustment layer on the other side, and a groove formation step of forming a groove from the second optical adjustment layer side to at least the interface between the solid-state element and the first optical adjustment layer.
- the solid-state element preparation process can be carried out by conventional methods.
- the placement process may, for example, be a method of stacking and placing the first optical adjustment layer and the second optical adjustment layer on a solid-state element by sputtering deposition or the like.
- the placement of the first optical adjustment layer and the placement of the second optical adjustment layer may be performed in any order.
- the groove formation process can be carried out by a conventionally known method, for example, grooves can be formed in the second optical adjustment layer and the solid-state element by dry etching such as reactive ion etching.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a microwave field transmitting antenna to apply a microwave field to the solid-state element. As shown in Fig. 22, the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 is located closer to the substrate 2 than the sensor element structure 50.
- microwave field transmitting antenna are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light guide plate located between the substrate and the sensor element structure, which guides the excitation light, including the light of the first wavelength emitted from the light source, to the solid-state element.
- the light guide plate may be an optical waveguide that propagates light in the surface direction of the light guide plate, or may be a diffusion plate that diffuses light in the vertical direction.
- optical waveguide and diffusion plate are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a photodetector 7 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and detecting photoluminescence including light of a second wavelength emitted from the sensor element structure 50.
- the photoluminescence may include, as the second wavelength, one or more wavelengths of light corresponding to the emission wavelength of the NV center (e.g., a wavelength of about 637 nm).
- the photodetector 7 is disposed at a position not overlapping with the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N.
- the photodetector 7 preferably has a detection surface at least on its upper surface.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C in this embodiment preferably includes a reflection mirror 16 that reflects the photoluminescence emitted from the sensor element structure 50 and causes it to proceed toward the detector 7.
- the reflection mirror may be a member made of a metal or nonmetal, or a member having a reflection layer made of a metal or nonmetal.
- the metal or nonmetal material is preferably a nonmagnetic material, and for example, aluminum (Al), tin (Sn), silver (Ag), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), alloys thereof, or oxides, nitrides, and oxynitrides thereof may be used.
- the position of the reflecting mirror is not particularly limited as long as it is at least capable of reflecting the photoluminescence emitted from the sensor element structure and directing it toward the detector. Since photoluminescence is emitted upward from the sensor element structure, it is preferable that the reflecting mirror be positioned at least above the sensor element structure. In addition, as shown in FIG. 22, it is preferable that the reflecting mirror be positioned on the first surface S1 of the substrate 2 so as to cover the sensor element structure 50.
- the reflecting mirror may be capable of blocking light from the outside.
- the reflecting mirror may function as a light-shielding wall, which will be described later.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may have a heater element, which will be described later, in a position surrounded by the reflecting mirror and the substrate.
- Substrate The substrate is the same as that described in the first embodiment.
- FIGs 25(a) and 25(b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C in this embodiment preferably includes a reflective layer 19 that reflects light of the first wavelength on the surface opposite to the surface located on the light guide plate 6 side of the microwave field transmission antenna 3.
- the reflective layer 19 may be located on the second main surface S2 side of the substrate 2, as shown in Figure 25(b).
- the reflective layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer that reflects light that includes the first wavelength, and examples of the reflective layer include a metal vapor deposition film.
- the thickness of the reflective layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a thickness that provides a desired reflectance for light that includes the first wavelength, and is set appropriately.
- Wavelength-selective filter Fig. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in the present disclosure.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C of this embodiment preferably includes a wavelength-selective filter 20 that selectively transmits light of a first wavelength in the light guide plate 6.
- the wavelength-selective filter may be located between the light guide plate 6 and the light source 5.
- the wavelength-selective filter is not particularly limited as long as it selectively transmits light of the first wavelength, and any known filter can be used.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this aspect preferably includes a shielding part that shields microwaves emitted from the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the shielding part is preferably located so as to surround the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the shielding part is preferably located at least one of inside the substrate and inside the light guide plate.
- Fig. 27(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- Fig. 27(b) is an exploded view of the solid-state quantum sensor module shown in Fig. 27(a).
- Fig. 27(c) is a top view of the light guide plate 6 shown in Fig. 27(b), and
- Fig. 27(d) is a top view of the substrate 2 and microwave field transmission antenna 3 shown in Fig. 27(b) when viewed along the normal direction D N.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module shown in Figures 27(a) to 27(d) has a first shielding portion 21a in the substrate 2 and a second shielding portion 21b in the light guide plate 6. By providing shielding portions both in the substrate and the light guide plate in this way, the shielding effect can be improved.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module preferably includes one or more of a light-shielding wall that blocks light from the outside, a reference photodetector that detects light including the first wavelength, a heater element, and a permanent magnet.
- the light-shielding wall, the reference photodetector, the heater element, and the permanent magnet are the same as those described in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may have various electronic components such as an IC (integrated circuit) such as an amplifier and an A/D converter.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C of the present disclosure includes a substrate 2 having a first main surface S1 and a second main surface S2 located on the opposite side of the first main surface S1, a sensor element structure 50 including a solid-state element 53 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, a light guide plate 6 located between the substrate 2 and the sensor element structure 50, a microwave field transmission antenna 3, a light source 5 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and emitting excitation light including a first wavelength that excites a color center in the solid-state element 53 from a ground state to an excited state toward the light guide plate 6, and a photodetector 7 located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2 and detecting photoluminescence including light of a second wavelength.
- the solid-state element 53 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2. As in the second embodiment, the solid-state element 53 overlaps with the microwave field transmission antenna 3 when viewed along the normal direction D N of the first main surface S1 of the substrate 2.
- the microwave field transmission antenna 3 is a transmission antenna that can transmit light including a first wavelength
- the light guide plate 6 is located between the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3 in the normal direction D N.
- the light source, the light guide plate, and the microwave field transmission antenna are arranged in a stacked manner, which allows the solid-state quantum sensor module to be further miniaturized. Furthermore, light from the light source can be efficiently introduced into the sensor element structure.
- Each component of the solid-state quantum sensor module of this embodiment will be described in detail below.
- the sensor element structure 50 is located on the first main surface S1 side of the substrate 2, and on the surface side opposite to the surface of the light guide plate 6 on the substrate 2 side.
- the sensor element structure 50 is also disposed on the surface side opposite to the surface of the microwave field transmission antenna 3 on the substrate 2 side in the normal direction D N.
- the sensor element structure 50 is also located on the surface side opposite to the surface of the light source 5 on the substrate 2 side in the normal direction D N.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C of this embodiment preferably includes the substrate 2, the light source 5, the light guide plate 6, the microwave field transmission antenna 3, and the sensor element structure 50 in this order in the normal direction D N.
- the features of the sensor element structure in this embodiment are the same as those of the sensor element structure in the first embodiment described above, so a description of them will be omitted here.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a microwave field transmitting antenna to apply a microwave field to the solid-state element. As shown in Fig. 28, the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 in this embodiment is disposed closer to the substrate 2 than the sensor element structure 50. In this embodiment, the microwave field transmitting antenna 3 may be disposed between the light source 5 and the sensor element structure 50.
- the microwave field transmission antenna is preferably a transparent antenna that is capable of transmitting light of the first wavelength.
- a transparent antenna for example, comprises a transparent substrate and a metal layer made of thin metal wires. This results in an antenna that has both a light-opaque conductive portion made of thin metal wires and a light-transmitting window portion.
- the material and pattern shape of the thin metal wires are the same as those described in the second embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may include a microwave field control circuit.
- the microwave field control circuit has the same content as in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light source that emits excitation light including light of a first wavelength that excites a color center in a solid-state element from a ground state to an excited state.
- the light source 5 is disposed in a position facing the microwave field transmission antenna 3 with the light guide plate 6 interposed therebetween. That is, in the normal direction D N , the light guide plate 6 is located between the light source 5 and the microwave field transmission antenna 3.
- Other features of the light source are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a light guide plate that guides excitation light, including light of the first wavelength emitted from the light source, to the sensor element structure.
- the light guide plate is preferably a diffusion plate, since it is required to guide light to the sensor element structure located above.
- the light guide plate 6 may have a recess in which the light source 5 can be disposed.
- Other features of the diffusion plate are the same as those of the diffusion plate described in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a photodetector disposed on the first main surface side of the substrate, and configured to detect photoluminescence including light of the second wavelength. Other features of the photodetector are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C in this embodiment preferably includes a reflecting mirror 16 that reflects the photoluminescence emitted from the sensor element structure 50 and directs it toward the detector.
- the reflecting mirror is the same as the substrate described in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment includes a substrate.
- the substrate is a member that supports components such as the light source, the photodetector, the sensor element structure, the light guide plate, and the microwave field transmission antenna.
- the substrate is the same as the substrate described in the first embodiment.
- Fig. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module 1C in this embodiment preferably includes a reflective layer 19 that reflects light including the first wavelength on the surface of the light guide plate 6 opposite to the surface on the sensor element structure 50 side.
- a reflective layer 19 that reflects light including the first wavelength on the surface of the light guide plate 6 opposite to the surface on the sensor element structure 50 side.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment preferably includes a light-shielding wall that blocks light from the outside.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment preferably includes a heater element at a position surrounded by the light-shielding wall and the substrate.
- the light-shielding wall and the heater element may be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module in this embodiment may include other components such as a reference photodetector and a permanent magnet.
- the reference photodetector and the permanent magnet may be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the present disclosure provides a sensor device including the above-described solid-state quantum sensor module.
- the sensor device of the present disclosure can be miniaturized because it includes the above-described solid-state quantum sensor module.
- Solid-State Quantum Sensor Module The solid-state quantum sensor module in the present disclosure is the solid-state quantum sensor module of the first, second and third embodiments described above.
- the sensor device preferably includes a control unit for controlling the light source, the microwave field transmission antenna, and the photodetector. It may also include a data processing unit for processing the light measurement signal obtained by the photodetector.
- the sensor device is preferably a measuring device that measures a magnetic field.
- the color center electron spin interact with the object to be measured, it is possible to investigate not only the magnetic field but also various information of the object to be measured. Since the electron spin state of the color center changes depending on various factors such as the electric field from the object to be measured, the temperature of the object to be measured, and mechanical quantities such as mechanical stress (pressure) applied to the object to be measured, it is possible to investigate the electric field, temperature, mechanical quantities, etc. of the object to be measured by appropriately processing the data of the detected electron spin state after the interaction.
- a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface opposite the first major surface; a solid-state element having a color center located on the first main surface side of the substrate; a light guide plate located between the substrate and the solid-state component; an antenna for transmitting a microwave field; a light source located on the first main surface side of the substrate, the light source emitting light having a first wavelength that excites the color center from a ground state to an excited state; a photodetector located on the first main surface side of the substrate and configured to detect photoluminescence having a second wavelength emitted from the solid-state element; the solid-state element overlaps with the microwave field transmitting antenna when viewed along a normal direction of the first main surface of the substrate; A solid-state quantum sensor module, wherein the photodetector does not overlap the microwave field transmitting antenna when viewed along a normal direction of the first major surface of the substrate.
- the microwave field transmission antenna is a transmission antenna capable of transmitting light including the first wavelength, and the light source overlaps the microwave field transmission antenna when viewed along a normal direction of the first main surface of the substrate;
- the solid-state quantum sensor module described in [4] has, in a region where the light source and the microwave field transmitting antenna overlap, the light source, the light guide plate, the microwave field transmitting antenna, and the solid-state element, in this order from the substrate side.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module according to any one of [1] to [15], further comprising a first optical wavelength selective filter, which is provided within the light guide plate or between the light guide plate and the light source and selectively transmits light including the first wavelength.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module according to any one of [1] to [16], further comprising a second optical wavelength selective filter, which selectively transmits light including the second wavelength, within the solid-state element or between the solid-state element and the photodetector.
- the solid-state quantum sensor module has a sensor element structure including the solid-state element, the sensor element structure includes a first optical functional layer, the solid-state element, and a second optical functional layer in this order in a thickness direction from the substrate side, the solid-state component has a plurality of element portions isolated from one another by grooves extending in the thickness direction, the first optical functional layer reflects light of the second wavelength,
- the solid-state quantum sensor module according to any one of [1] to [17], wherein the second optical functional layer transmits and reflects light of the second wavelength.
- a sensor device comprising the solid-state quantum sensor module according to any one of [1] to [19].
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Abstract
Description
本願の発明者等は、光源および光検出器を、基板の第1主面側に集積させることにより、固体量子センサモジュールの小型化が可能であることを見出した。
図1(a)および図1(b)に示す第1実施形態の固体量子センサモジュール1Aは、第1主面S1および上記第1主面S1の反対側に位置する第2主面S2を有する基板2と、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置する、色中心を有する固体素子4と、法線方向DNにおいて上記基板2と上記固体素子4との間に位置する導光板6と、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置し、上記色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む光を放出する光源5と、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置し、上記固体素子4から放出される第2の波長を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器7と、を備えている。また、固体素子4は、基板2の第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なる位置にある。また、上記光検出器7は、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、上記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重ならない位置にある。さらに、本実施形態においては、光源5が、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、上記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重ならない位置にある。
図1(a)および図1(b)に示すように、本実施形態における色中心を有する固体素子4は、基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置する。さらに、基板2の第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、固体素子4は、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なる位置にある。「法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、固体素子4は、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なる」とは、基板2の第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、固体素子4の少なくとも一部が、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なることをいう。また、固体素子4は、法線方向DNにおいて、導光板6の基板2側とは反対の面側に位置する。また、固体素子4は、法線方向DNにおいて、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の基板2側とは反対の面側に位置することが好ましい。
図2は、NV中心を有するダイヤモンド素子の構造を模式的に示す図である。図2に示すように、NV中心は、ダイヤモンド格子中の炭素の置換位置に入った窒素(Nitrogen)と、この窒素に隣接する炭素原子が抜けた空孔(Vacancy)との対からなる複合不純物欠陥である。このNV中心は、中性電荷状態NV0から電子を1個捕獲して-1価のNV-となると、磁気量子数mS=-1、0、+1の電子スピン3重項状態を形成する。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、固体素子にマイクロ波場を与えるために、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナを含む。図1(b)に示すように、法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、固体素子4の少なくとも一部と重なる位置にある。さらに、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、法線方向DNにおいて、固体素子4よりも基板2側に位置することが好ましい。本実施形態においては、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、基板2の表面に位置してもよいし、基板2内に位置してもよいし、基板2と導光板6との間に位置してもよい。マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、例えば、金属層を含む。金属層の材料としては、導電性に優れていれば特に制限はなく、例えば、金、銀、銅、鉄、ニッケル、クロム等の金属の他に合金でもよい。金属層は、パターン形状を有していてもよい。本実施形態におけるマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の金属層の形状としては、ループ状、マイクロストリップアンテナと呼ばれるパッチ状、ストライプ状等が挙げられる。また、本実施形態におけるマイクロ波場送信用アンテナとして、第2実施形態において詳述する透過アンテナを使用することもできる。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板の第1主面側に位置し、固体素子における色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む光を放出する光源を備える。図1(a)および図1(b)に示すように、本実施形態において、光源5は、第1の波長を含む光を導光板6の面内方向に向けて放出可能な位置であり、かつ、法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重ならない位置に配置される。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板と固体素子との間に位置し、光源から放出された第1の波長を含む光を固体素子に導く導光板を備える。本実施形態において、導光板は、導光板の面方向に光を伝播する光導波路であってもよいし、上下方向に光を拡散させる拡散板であってもよい。
図1(a)および図1(b)に示すように、本実施形態において、導光板6は、コア層61およびコア層61とは屈折率が異なるクラッド層62を有する光導波路60であることが好ましい。クラッド層は、コア層用の凹部を備える第1クラッド層と、第1クラッド層の凹部に配置されたコア層を封止する第2クラッド層とを有していてもよい。クラッド層の屈折率は、コア層の屈折率よりも低いことが好ましく、コア層に入った光は、クラッド層との境界で内側に全反射しながら伝わっていく。
拡散板としては、一般的に拡散板として用いられるものであれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、メタクリル酸スチレン共重合体、メタクリル酸メチルスチレン共重合体、アクリロニトリルスチレン共重合体、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリスチレン等から形成されるものを用いることができる。
本実施形態における導光板は、上記光導波路および上記拡散板の両方の機能を有していてもよい。例えば、法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、光源から固体素子の発光領域の光源側の端部までの間は、上記光導波路により第1の波長を含む光を伝播し、発光領域と重なる領域では拡散板を使用することにより、上方に位置する固体素子への光の導入が容易となる。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板の第1主面側に位置し、固体素子から放出される第2の波長を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器を備える。フォトルミネッセンスは、第2の波長として、色中心の放出波長に対応する光の1つ又は複数の波長(例えば、約637nmの波長)を含んでもよい。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板を備える。基板は、上述した光源、光検出器、固体素子、導光板およびマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ等の構成部材を支持する部材である。
(1)反射層
図11(a)および図11(b)は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図11(a)に示すように、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュール1Aは、固体素子4の導光板6側に位置する面と反対の面側に第1の波長を含む光を反射する第1反射層8aを備えることが好ましい。さらに、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の導光板6側に位置する面と反対の面側に、第1の波長を含む光を反射する第2反射層8bを備えることが好ましい。特に、導光板6が上述した拡散板である場合、第1反射層8aおよび第2反射層8bを配置することが好ましい。基板2がガラス基板である場合、第2反射層8bは、図11(b)に示すように、基板2の第2主面S2側に位置してもよい。このような反射層を配置することにより、第1の波長を含む光が、固体素子に導入されずに漏れ出ることを抑制できる。
図12は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図12に示すように、本実施形態の固体量子センサモジュール1Aは、導光板6内に、第1の波長を含む光を選択的に透過する第1光波長選択フィルタ9aを備えることが好ましい。第1の波長を含む光以外の非所望の波長の光を抑制でき、センシングを高効率化、高感度化できる。第1光波長選択フィルタは、導光板6と光源5との間に位置してもよい。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナから放出されるマイクロ波を遮蔽する遮蔽部を有することが好ましい。遮蔽部は、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナを囲うように位置することが好ましい。遮蔽部は、基板内および導光板内の少なくとも一方に位置することが好ましい。遮蔽部を有することにより、光検出器および光源等の電子部品を、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナから放出されるマイクロ波のノイズに直接曝されることを抑制することができる。
図14(a)は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図14(a)に示すように、本実施形態においては、光検出器7と固体素子4とは、ポリマー導波路11(フォトニックワイヤボンド、PWB)により接続されていてもよい。ポリマー導波路の形状は、構成要素の実際の位置に適合されるように3Dプリンタ等により製造可能なため、接続される光学部品の高精度の位置合わせを必要としないために好ましい。ポリマー導波路の材料としては、従来公知のものを使用することができる。
図14(b)は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図14(b)に示すように、固体量子センサモジュール1Aは、外部からの光を遮断する遮光壁12を備えることが好ましい。遮光壁を備えることにより、高感度なセンシングが可能となる。遮光壁の材料としては、遮光性を有し、かつ、非磁性体であることが好ましい。非磁性体とは、磁化され難い材料のことである。このような材料としては、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、スレンレス等の金属材料やカーボン、酸化クロム等が挙げられる。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、第1の波長を含む光を検出する参照用光検出器を備えることが好ましい。参照用光検出器を備えることにより、光源からの第1の波長を含む光の強度を一定に制御しながら測定することが可能となるため、高精度なセンシングが可能となる。
図14(b)に示すように、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュール1Aは、遮光壁12および基板2に囲われた位置に、ヒーター素子13を備えることが好ましい。ヒーター素子13は、基板2の第1主面側に位置することが好ましい。ヒーター素子13により遮光壁12内の温度環境を一定に制御することで、温度環境による光検出磁気共鳴スペクトルのシフトを抑制でき、高精度なセンシングが可能となる。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、永久磁石を含んでも良い。永久磁石は、固体素子に隣接して位置してもよい。永久磁石は、ゼーマン効果を引き起こし、ms=±1スピン副準位の縮退を解くように設けられている。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、例えば、アンプ、A/D変換部等のIC(集積回路)等の各種電子部品を有していてもよい。
図15(a)、図15(b)および図15(c)に示す第2実施形態の固体量子センサモジュール1Bは、第1主面S1および上記第1主面S1の反対側に位置する第2主面S2を有する基板2と、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置する、色中心を有する固体素子4と、法線方向DNにおいて上記基板2と上記固体素子4との間に位置する導光板6と、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と、上記基板の上記第1主面S1側に位置し、上記色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む光を放出する光源5と、上記基板の上記第1主面S1側に位置し、上記固体素子4から放出される第2の波長を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器7と、を備えている。また、固体素子4は、基板2の第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なる。また、上記光検出器7は、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、上記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重ならない位置にある。さらに、本実施形態においては、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3が、第1の波長を含む光を透過可能な透過アンテナであり、光源5は、基板2の第1主面S1の法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なり、光源5とマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3とが重なる領域で、法線方向DNにおいて、導光板6が、光源5とマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3との間に位置する。
図15(a)、図15(b)および図15(c)に示すように、本実施形態における固体素子4は、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、導光板6の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置する。また、固体素子4は、法線方向DNにおいて、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置することが好ましい。また、固体素子4は、法線方向DNにおいて、光源5の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置する。本実施形態の固体量子センサモジュール1Bは、法線方向DNから見た場合に光源5とマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3とが重なる領域において、基板2、光源5、導光板6、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3および固体素子4を、法線方向DNにおいてこの順に有することが好ましい。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、固体素子にマイクロ波場を与えるために、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナを含む。図15に示すように、本実施形態におけるマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、法線方向DNにおいて、固体素子4よりも基板2側に位置することが好ましい。本実施形態においては、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、光源5と、固体素子4との間に位置してもよい。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、固体素子4における色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む光を放出する光源を備える。図15に示すように、本実施形態においては、光源5は、第1の波長を含む光を導光板6に向けて放出可能な位置であり、導光板6を挟んでマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と対向する位置に配置されている。すなわち、法線方向DNにおいて、導光板6が、光源5とマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3との間に位置している。光源の他の特徴としては、第1実施形態と同様の内容である。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、光源から放出された第1の波長を含む光を固体素子に導く導光板を備える。本実施形態においては、導光板は、上方に位置する固体素子に光を導くことが求められるため、拡散板であることが好ましい。また、本実施形態において、図15(c)に示すように、導光板6は光源5を配置可能な凹部を有していても良い。拡散板の他の特徴としては、第1実施形態で説明した拡散板と同様の内容である。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板の第1主面側に位置し、固体素子から放出される第2の波長を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器を備える。光検出器の他の特徴としては、第1実施形態と同様の内容である。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板を備える。基板は、上述した光源、光検出器、固体素子、導光板およびマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ等の構成部材を支持する部材である。基板としては、第1実施形態で説明した基板と同様の内容である。
(1)反射層
図19は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図19に示すように、本実施形態の固体量子センサモジュール1Bは、固体素子4の導光板6側に位置する面と反対の面側に第1の波長を含む光を反射する第1反射層8aを備えることが好ましい。このような反射層を配置することにより、固体素子からの第1の波長を含む光の漏れを抑制できる。反射層の他の特徴としては、第1実施形態で説明した反射層と同様の内容である。
図19に示すように、本実施形態の固体量子センサモジュール1Bは、固体素子4内に、第2の波長を含む光を選択的に透過する第2光波長選択フィルタ9bを備えることが好ましい。第2光波長選択フィルタ9bは、固体素子4と光検出器7との間に位置していてもよい。
図20(a)は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図20(a)に示すように、本実施形態において、光検出器7と固体素子4とは、ポリマー導波路11(フォトニックワイヤボンド、PWB)により接続されていてもよい。ポリマー導波路としては、第1実施形態と同様のものを使用することができる。
図20(b)は、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図20(b)に示すように、固体量子センサモジュール1Bは、外部からの光を遮断する遮光壁12を備えることが好ましい。図20(b)に示すように、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュール1Bは、遮光壁12および基板2に囲われた位置に、ヒーター素子13を備えることが好ましい。遮光壁およびヒーター素子としては、第1実施形態と同様のものを使用することができる。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、参照用光検出器および永久磁石等の他の部材を有していてもよい。参照用光検出器および永久磁石としては、第1実施形態と同様のものを使用することができる。
本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、上述した第1実施形態および第2実施形態の固体素子の代わりに、固体素子を有するセンサ素子構造体を備える形態である。
図22は、本開示の第3実施形態における第1態様の固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。なお、図22および後述する固体量子センサモジュールの概略断面図においては、センサ素子構造体50の溝Xは省略している。本開示の固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、第1主面S1および上記第1主面S1の反対側に位置する第2主面S2を有する基板2と、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置する、固体素子53を含むセンサ素子構造体50と、上記基板2と上記センサ素子構造体50との間に位置する導光板6と、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、固体素子53における色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む励起光を上記導光板6に向けて放出する光源5と、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、第2の波長の光を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器7と、を備える。
図22に示すように、本態様の固体量子センサモジュール1Cにおいて、センサ素子構造体50は、第1光学機能層52が基板2側となるように配置されている。センサ素子構造体50は、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、導光板6の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置する。またセンサ素子構造体50は、法線方向DNにおいて、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置することが好ましい。図22に示すように、法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、センサ素子構造体50は、少なくとも一部が、導光板6と重なる位置にあることが好ましい。さらに、法線方向DNに沿って見た場合に、センサ素子構造体50は、少なくとも固体素子53が、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と重なる位置にあり、全てが重複する位置にあってもよい。
固体素子の種類としては、上述した第1実施形態における固体素子の種類と同じであるため、ここでの説明は省略する。
本態様における第1光学機能層は、第2の波長の光を反射する層である。また、第1光学機能層は、固体素子における色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長の光を透過することが好ましい。
本態様における第2光学機能層は、第2の波長λ2の光を透過および反射する層である。このような第2光学機能層としては、例えば、上述した第1光学機能層の多層膜と同様の種類のものが挙げられる。第2光学機能層の多層膜に含まれる層数(低屈折率層と高屈折率層のペア数)は、第1光学機能層の多層膜に含まれる層数(低屈折率層と高屈折率層のペア数)よりも少ないことが好ましい。第2光学機能層の反射率を、第1光学機能層の反射率よりも小さくすることができるためである。
上述したように、本態様における固体素子の厚さT0(光学距離)は、(第2の波長λ2/2)のn1倍(n1は整数である)とすることが好ましい。一方、固体素子の厚さが上記厚さに満たない場合には、図24に示すように、本開示のセンサ素子構造体50は、固体素子53と第1光学機能層52との間、および、固体素子53と第2光学機能層54との間の少なくとも一方に、厚さ調整層55を備えることが好ましい。
センサ素子構造体の製造方法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、上記固体素子を準備する固体素子準備工程、上記固体素子の一方の面に上記第1光学調整層を配置し、他方の面に上記第2光学調整層を配置する配置工程、上記第2光学調整層側から、少なくとも上記固体素子と上記第1光学調整層との界面まで溝を形成する溝形成工程と、を有する。
光源については、上記第1実施形態における光源と同様である。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、固体素子にマイクロ波場を与えるために、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナを含む。図22に示すように、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、センサ素子構造体50よりも基板2側に位置する。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板とセンサ素子構造体との間に位置し、光源から放出された第1の波長の光を含む励起光を固体素子に導く導光板を備える。本態様において、導光板は、導光板の面方向に光を伝播する光導波路であってもよいし、上下方向に光を拡散させる拡散板であってもよい。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、図22に示すように、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、センサ素子構造体50から放出される第2の波長の光を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器7を備える。フォトルミネッセンスは、第2の波長として、NV中心の放出波長に対応する光の1つ又は複数の波長(例えば、約637nmの波長)を含んでもよい。
図22に示すように、本態様における固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、センサ素子構造体50から放出されたフォトルミネッセンスを反射して、検出器7に向けて進行させる反射ミラー16を備えることが好ましい。反射ミラーは、金属または非金属から構成される部材や、金属または非金属から構成される反射層を備える部材が挙げられる。金属または非金属材料としては、非磁性体材料であることが好ましく、例えば、アルミニウム(Al)、錫(Sn)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)、チタン(Ti)、クロム(Cr)やこれらの合金、あるいはこれらの酸化物、窒化物、酸化窒化物を使用することができる。
基板としては、第1実施形態で説明した内容と同様である。
(1)反射層
図25(a)および図25(b)は、本態様における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図25(a)に示すように、本態様における固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の導光板6側に位置する面と反対の面側に、第1の波長の光を反射する反射層19を備えることが好ましい。特に、導光板6が上述した拡散板である場合、反射層19を配置することが好ましい。基板2がガラス基板である場合、反射層19は、図25(b)に示すように、基板2の第2主面S2側に位置していてもよい。このような反射層を配置することにより、第1の波長の光が、固体素子に導入されずに漏れ出ることを抑制できる。
図26は、本開示における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図26に示すように、本態様の固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、導光板6内に、第1の波長の光を選択的に透過する波長選択フィルタ20を備えることが好ましい。波長選択フィルタは、導光板6と光源5との間に位置してもよい。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナから放出されるマイクロ波を遮蔽する遮蔽部を備えることが好ましい。遮蔽部は、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナを囲うように位置することが好ましい。遮蔽部は、基板内および導光板内の少なくとも一方に位置することが好ましい。遮蔽部を備えることにより、光検出器および光源等の電子部品を、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナから放出されるマイクロ波のノイズに直接曝されることを抑制することができる。遮蔽部の材料としては、第1実施形態における遮蔽部の材料を用いることができる。
固体量子センサモジュールは、外部からの光を遮断する遮光壁、第1の波長を含む光を検出する参照用光検出器、ヒーター素子および永久磁石のいずれか1以上を備えることが好ましい。遮光壁、参照用光検出器、ヒーター素子および永久磁石については、第1実施形態に記載した内容と同様である。また、本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、例えば、アンプ、A/D変換部等のIC(集積回路)等の各種電子部品を有していてもよい。
図28は、本開示の第3実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールの第2態様を示す概略断面図である。本開示の固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、第1主面S1および上記第1主面S1の反対側に位置する第2主面S2を有する基板2と、上記基板2の上記第1主面S1側に位置する、固体素子53を含むセンサ素子構造体50と、上記基板2と上記センサ素子構造体50との間に位置する導光板6と、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、固体素子53における色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む励起光を上記導光板6に向けて放出する光源5と、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、第2の波長の光を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器7と、を備える。
図28に示すように、本態様においてセンサ素子構造体50は、基板2の第1主面S1側に位置し、導光板6の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置する。また、センサ素子構造体50は、法線方向DNにおいて、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3の基板2側の面と反対の面側に配置される。また、センサ素子構造体50は、法線方向DNにおいて、光源5の基板2側の面と反対の面側に位置する。本態様の固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、法線方向DNにおいて、基板2、光源5、導光板6、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3およびセンサ素子構造体50を、この順に備えることが好ましい。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、固体素子にマイクロ波場を与えるために、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナを含む。図28に示すように、本態様におけるマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、センサ素子構造体50よりも基板2側に配置される。本態様においては、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3は、光源5と、センサ素子構造体50との間に配置されていてもよい。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、固体素子における色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長の光を含む励起光を放出する光源を備える。図28(a)に示すように、本態様においては、光源5は、導光板6を挟んでマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3と対向する位置に配置されている。すなわち、法線方向DNにおいて、導光板6が、光源5とマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ3との間に位置している。光源の他の特徴としては、第1実施形態と同様の内容である。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、光源から放出された第1の波長の光を含む励起光をセンサ素子構造体に導く導光板を備える。本態様においては、導光板は、上方に位置するセンサ素子構造体に光を導くことが求められるため、拡散板であることが好ましい。また、本態様において、図28(b)に示すように、導光板6は光源5を配置可能な凹部を有していても良い。拡散板の他の特徴としては、第1実施形態で説明した拡散板と同様の内容である。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板の第1主面側に配置され、第2の波長の光を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器を備える。光検出器の他の特徴としては、第1態様と同様の内容である。
図28(a)に示すように、本態様における固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、センサ素子構造体50から放出されたフォトルミネッセンスを反射して、検出器に向けて進行させる反射ミラー16を備えることが好ましい。反射ミラーとしては、第1態様で説明した基板と同様の内容である。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、基板を備える。基板は、上述した光源、光検出器、センサ素子構造体、導光板およびマイクロ波場送信用アンテナ等の構成部材を支持する部材である。基板としては、第1態様で説明した基板と同様の内容である。
(1)反射層
図29は、本態様における固体量子センサモジュールの一例を示す概略断面図である。図29に示すように、本態様の固体量子センサモジュール1Cは、導光板6のセンサ素子構造体50側の面とは反対の面側に、第1の波長を含む光を反射する反射層19を備えることが好ましい。このような反射層を備えることにより、導光板6からの第1の波長を含む光の漏れを抑制できる。反射層の他の特徴としては、第1態様で説明した反射層と同様の内容である。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、外部からの光を遮断する遮光壁を備えることが好ましい。また、本実施形態における固体量子センサモジュールは、遮光壁および基板に囲われた位置に、ヒーター素子を備えることが好ましい。遮光壁およびヒーター素子としては、第1態様と同様のものを使用することができる。
本態様における固体量子センサモジュールは、参照用光検出器および永久磁石等の他の部材を備えていてもよい。参照用光検出器および永久磁石としては、第1態様と同様のものを使用することができる。
本開示においては、上述した固体量子センサモジュールを備える、センサ装置を提供する。本開示におけるセンサ装置は、上述した固体量子センサモジュールを備えるため小型化を図ることが可能となる。
本開示における固体量子センサモジュールは、上述した第1実施形態、第2実施形態および第3実施形態の固体量子センサモジュールである。
本開示におけるセンサ装置は、光源、マイクロ波場送信用アンテナおよび光検出器を制御する制御部を備えることが好ましい。また、光検出器により得られた光測定信号を処理するデータ処理部を有していてもよい。
本開示において、センサ装置としては、磁場を測定する測定装置であることが好ましい。一方、色中心電子スピンを測定対象と相互作用させることにより、磁場だけでなく測定対象の様々な情報を調べることができる。色中心の電子スピン状態は、測定対象からの電場、測定対象の温度、測定対象に加わっている力学的ストレス(圧力)などの力学量、といった様々な要因によって変化するため、検出された相互作用後の電子スピン状態のデータを適切に処理することにより、測定対象の電場、温度、力学量などについても調べることができる。
第1主面および前記第1主面の反対側に位置する第2主面を有する基板と、
前記基板の前記第1主面側に位置する、色中心を有する固体素子と、
前記基板と前記固体素子との間に位置する導光板と、
マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと、
前記基板の前記第1主面側に位置し、前記色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む光を放出する光源と、
前記基板の前記第1主面側に位置し、前記固体素子から放出される第2の波長を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器と、を備え、
前記固体素子は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重なり、
前記光検出器は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重ならない、固体量子センサモジュール。
前記光源は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重ならない、[1]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナは、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に前記導光板と重なる領域で、前記導光板よりも前記法線方向において前記基板側にある、[2]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナが、前記第1の波長を含む光を透過可能な透過アンテナであり、前記光源は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重なり、
前記光源と前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナとが重なる領域で、前記導光板が、前記法線方向において、前記光源と前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナとの間に位置する、[1]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記光源と前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナとが重なる領域で、前記基板側から、前記光源、前記導光板、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナおよび前記固体素子を、この順に有する、[4]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子が、前記光検出器に向かう方向に延在するラインパターンを有する、[1]から[5]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子が、複数の前記ラインパターンから構成されるパターン群を有する、[6]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子における前記ラインパターンが、フォトニクスミラー構造を有する、[6]または[7]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子の前記光検出器側の端部が、曲率を有する、[1]から[8]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子における前記ラインパターンが、前記光検出器に向かう方向に沿って、所定の間隔を空けて並んで位置する複数の前記色中心を有する、[6]から[8]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記光検出器と、前記固体素子とが、フォトニックワイヤボンディングにより接続されている、[1]から[10]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子が、前記パターン群を複数有する、[7]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子は、NV中心を有するダイヤモンドである、[1]から[12]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子の前記導光板側に位置する面と反対の面側および前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナの前記導光板側に位置する面と反対の面側の少なくとも一方に位置し、前記第1の波長を含む光を反射する反射層を備える、[3]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体素子の前記導光板側に位置する面と反対の面側に位置し、前記第1の波長を含む光を反射する反射層を備える、[4]に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記導光板内に、または、前記導光板と前記光源との間に、前記第1の波長を含む光を選択的に透過する第1光波長選択フィルタを備える、[1]から[15]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記固体素子内に、または、前記固体素子と前記光検出器との間に、前記第2の波長を含む光を選択的に透過する第2光波長選択フィルタを備える、[1]から[16]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記固体素子を含むセンサ素子構造体を有し、
前記センサ素子構造体は、前記基板側から、第1光学機能層、前記固体素子、および第2光学機能層を、厚さ方向において、この順に備え、
前記固体素子は、前記厚さ方向に延びる溝によって、互いに孤立した複数の素子部を有し、
前記第1光学機能層は、前記第2の波長の光を反射し、
前記第2光学機能層は、前記第2の波長の光を透過および反射する、[1]から[17]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
前記基板および前記導光板の少なくとも一方は、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナから放出されるマイクロ波を遮蔽する遮蔽部を有する、[1]から[18]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
[1]から[19]までのいずれかに記載の固体量子センサモジュールを備える、センサ装置。
2 … 基板
3 … マイクロ波場送信用アンテナ
4 … 固体素子
4p… ラインパターン
5 … 光源
6 … 導光板
7 … 光検出器
8a,8b,19… 反射層
9a,9b,20… 波長選択フィルタ
10a,10b,21a,21b… 遮蔽部
11… ポリマー導波路
12… 遮光壁
14… 貫通電極層
15… 導電層
16… 反射ミラー
41… 発光領域
42… 接続領域
50… センサ素子構造体
52… 第1光学機能層
52a…低屈折率層
52b…高屈折率層
53… 固体素子
54… 第2光学機能層
55… 厚さ調整層
60… 光導波路
61… コア層
62… クラッド層
B … バスキャビティ
C … パターン群
O1,O2… 空隙群
Claims (20)
- 第1主面および前記第1主面の反対側に位置する第2主面を有する基板と、
前記基板の前記第1主面側に位置する、色中心を有する固体素子と、
前記基板と前記固体素子との間に位置する導光板と、
マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと、
前記基板の前記第1主面側に位置し、前記色中心を基底状態から励起状態に励起する第1の波長を含む光を放出する光源と、
前記基板の前記第1主面側に位置し、前記固体素子から放出される第2の波長を含むフォトルミネッセンスを検出する光検出器と、を備え、
前記固体素子は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重なり、
前記光検出器は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重ならない、固体量子センサモジュール。 - 前記光源は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重ならない、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナは、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に前記導光板と重なる領域で、前記導光板よりも前記法線方向において前記基板側にある、請求項2に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナが、前記第1の波長を含む光を透過可能な透過アンテナであり、前記光源は、前記基板の前記第1主面の法線方向に沿って見た場合に、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナと重なり、
前記光源と前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナとが重なる領域で、前記導光板が、前記法線方向において、前記光源と前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナとの間に位置する、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。 - 前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記光源と前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナとが重なる領域で、前記基板側から、前記光源、前記導光板、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナおよび前記固体素子を、この順に有する、請求項4に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子が、前記光検出器に向かう方向に延在するラインパターンを有する、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子が、複数の前記ラインパターンから構成されるパターン群を有する、請求項6に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子における前記ラインパターンが、フォトニクスミラー構造を有する、請求項6に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子の前記光検出器側の端部が、曲率を有する、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子における前記ラインパターンが、前記光検出器に向かう方向に沿って、所定の間隔を空けて並んで位置する複数の前記色中心を有する、請求項6に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記光検出器と、前記固体素子とが、フォトニックワイヤボンディングにより接続されている、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子が、前記パターン群を複数有する、請求項7に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子は、NV中心を有するダイヤモンドである、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子の前記導光板側に位置する面と反対の面側および前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナの前記導光板側に位置する面と反対の面側の少なくとも一方に位置し、前記第1の波長を含む光を反射する反射層を備える、請求項3に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体素子の前記導光板側に位置する面と反対の面側に位置し、前記第1の波長を含む光を反射する反射層を備える、請求項4に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記導光板内に、または、前記導光板と前記光源との間に、前記第1の波長を含む光を選択的に透過する第1光波長選択フィルタを備える、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記固体素子内に、または、前記固体素子と前記光検出器との間に、前記第2の波長を含む光を選択的に透過する第2光波長選択フィルタを備える、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 前記固体量子センサモジュールは、前記固体素子を含むセンサ素子構造体を有し、
前記センサ素子構造体は、前記基板側から、第1光学機能層、前記固体素子、および第2光学機能層を、厚さ方向において、この順に備え、
前記固体素子は、前記厚さ方向に延びる溝によって、互いに孤立した複数の素子部を有し、
前記第1光学機能層は、前記第2の波長の光を反射し、
前記第2光学機能層は、前記第2の波長の光を透過および反射する、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。 - 前記基板および前記導光板の少なくとも一方は、前記マイクロ波場送信用アンテナから放出されるマイクロ波を遮蔽する遮蔽部を有する、請求項1に記載の固体量子センサモジュール。
- 請求項1から請求項19までのいずれかの請求項に記載の固体量子センサモジュールを備える、センサ装置。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018155504A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | ダイヤモンド磁気センサー |
| JP2022550046A (ja) * | 2019-10-02 | 2022-11-30 | エックス デベロップメント エルエルシー | 電子スピン欠陥に基づく磁気測定法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2026048151A1 (ja) * | 2024-09-02 | 2026-03-05 | スミダ電機株式会社 | 磁場測定装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN121359041A (zh) | 2026-01-16 |
| JP2025163017A (ja) | 2025-10-28 |
| JPWO2025005254A1 (ja) | 2025-01-02 |
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