WO2025003230A1 - Schaltbare holographische anzeige - Google Patents
Schaltbare holographische anzeige Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025003230A1 WO2025003230A1 PCT/EP2024/067961 EP2024067961W WO2025003230A1 WO 2025003230 A1 WO2025003230 A1 WO 2025003230A1 EP 2024067961 W EP2024067961 W EP 2024067961W WO 2025003230 A1 WO2025003230 A1 WO 2025003230A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- holographic
- light guide
- display device
- diffraction grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H1/2205—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements using downstream optical component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/10—Input arrangements, i.e. from user to vehicle, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/211—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
- B60K35/20—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor
- B60K35/21—Output arrangements, i.e. from vehicle to user, associated with vehicle functions or specially adapted therefor using visual output, e.g. blinking lights or matrix displays
- B60K35/22—Display screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
- G06F3/0202—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the input device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/11—Instrument graphical user interfaces or menu aspects
- B60K2360/111—Instrument graphical user interfaces or menu aspects for controlling multiple devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/143—Touch sensitive instrument input devices
- B60K2360/1438—Touch screens
- B60K2360/1442—Emulation of input devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
- B60K2360/29—Holographic features
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
- B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
- B60K2360/33—Illumination features
- B60K2360/336—Light guides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H2001/0208—Individual components other than the hologram
- G03H2001/0224—Active addressable light modulator, i.e. Spatial Light Modulator [SLM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/2223—Particular relationship between light source, hologram and observer
- G03H2001/2226—Edge lit holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/12—Amplitude mask, e.g. diaphragm, Louver filter
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/16—Optical waveguide, e.g. optical fibre, rod
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/22—Polariser
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/38—Liquid crystal
Definitions
- the invention in a first aspect, relates to a holographic display device for the switchable display of images, wherein a light source, a light guide and at least two holographic diffraction gratings are set up for illuminating the at least two holographic diffraction gratings by light from the light source coupled into the light guide.
- Each holographic diffraction grating generates an image.
- a controllable light gate is assigned to each holographic diffraction grating. The light gate is set up to regulate a brightness of the image generated in each case.
- Illuminated displays including holographic ones, are known from the prior art.
- holographic illuminated displays use a light guide into which light is coupled and which includes a holographic structure for coupling out and image generation.
- a so-called edge-lit arrangement is used, in which light is coupled into a light guide at an angle greater than the angle of total reflection and is then coupled out of the light guide by a holographic structure enclosed by the light guide to create the display. If you want to create several images, especially images of the same color, in this way, you can accommodate them together in a light guide or a single edge-lit arrangement, or you can use a separate light guide or edge-lit arrangement for each image.
- the brightness of the images can only be controlled together and in particular switched on and off, namely by regulating the illumination light accordingly.
- separate control of the brightness of individual images which are generated by holographic structures illuminated with a common light guide and in particular by a single edge-lit arrangement, is not possible at all or only in a complicated and problematic way.
- the object of the invention is to provide an improved holographic display device without the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the object of the invention is to provide a holographic display device which uses a single light guide to illuminate holographic structures in order to generate several images, whereby the brightness of the images can be individually controlled in a simple and effective manner. It is also the object of the invention to provide an improved operating device with a holographic display.
- the invention in a first aspect, relates to a holographic display device for the switchable display of images, comprising a light source, a light guide and at least two holographic diffraction gratings.
- the light source, light guide and the at least two holographic diffraction gratings are designed to illuminate the at least two holographic diffraction gratings by light from the light source coupled into the light guide.
- Each holographic diffraction grating is designed to couple light out of the light guide when illuminated by the light source in order to generate an image.
- a controllable light gate is assigned to each holographic diffraction grating. The light gate is arranged and designed to regulate a brightness of the image generated in each case.
- a holographic display device for the switchable display of images is preferably a device that generates images through holographic diffraction gratings, which are thus displayed as it were.
- These images are in particular switchable, which preferably means that properties of the images, in particular their brightness, can be influenced by a switching process.
- Switchable displays of images include in particular images that can be switched on and off.
- a light guide is preferably a body that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation in a certain wavelength range, which, when coupled into the light guide accordingly, makes it possible to guide this electromagnetic radiation, i.e. in particular to "transport” it along a certain path within the light guide, for example directly and/or via a so-called wave guide through reflections, especially total internal reflections, at the boundary surfaces of the body.
- the electromagnetic radiation is preferably in the visible range, in particular between 380 nanometers (nm) and 780 nm.
- Transparent preferably means that one can essentially see through the base body.
- Transparent means in particular that the base body has a transmittance based on the intensity of the light (preferably in the stated wavelength range) of at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% and/or at least 95%.
- Terms such as substantially, approximately, about, ca. etc. preferably describe a tolerance range of less than ⁇ 40%, preferably less than ⁇ 20%, particularly preferably less than ⁇ 10%, even more preferably less than ⁇ 5% and in particular less than ⁇ 1%. Similarly, preferably describes sizes that are approximately equal. Partially preferably describes at least 5%, particularly preferably at least 10%, and in particular at least 20%, in some cases at least 40%. Terms such as substantially preferably always include the exact value.
- a holographic diffraction grating is preferably a grating based on holography for diffracting electromagnetic radiation, in particular light within the aforementioned spectrum, to produce an optical function.
- This optical function can in particular be the production of an image.
- phase relationships of the light coming from the object being imaged are also stored. These phase relationships contain additional spatial information, which can, for example, create a three-dimensional impression of the image. This happens with the help of interference of light rays while the object is being recorded.
- the object is illuminated with coherent light and reflected and scattered by the object.
- the resulting wave field the so-called object wave
- the resulting wave field is superimposed with light that is coherent with the object wave (the so-called reference wave - typically from the same light source, e.g. a laser) and the wave fields interfere with each other as a function of their phase relationship.
- the resulting interference pattern is recorded, for example, using a light-sensitive layer, and the information contained in the phase is thus also stored.
- the resulting hologram (the resulting diffraction grating) is illuminated with a light wave that is identical or similar to the reference wave, which is then diffracted by the recorded interference patterns. In this way, the original wave front of the object wave can be reconstructed.
- Volume holograms preferably have a thickness that can also be used to store holographic image information.
- Volume holograms can in particular be white light holograms, since these can have wavelength selectivity due to wavelength-selective interference.
- Holograms can be transmission and reflection holograms, for example, which produce this reconstruction either in transmission or in reflection. If, for example, you are on the side of a transmission hologram opposite the light source and look at it, the object depicted appears three-dimensionally in front of you. With a reflection hologram, you preferably have to be on the same side as the light source. Reflection holograms preferably have a wavelength-selective efficiency to diffract the light in a certain direction (or along a certain angle).
- the word hologram is preferably used here as a synonym for the holographic structure that produces the light diffraction. In common usage, the term "hologram" is sometimes used to describe the image produced, in particular the three-dimensional image. However, the person skilled in the art knows from the context what is meant by the term "hologram”.
- Holograms especially technical holograms, can be recorded directly using various holographic processes or printed from computer-generated data using wavefront printers or stereo holographic printers. These manufacturing processes are suitable for mass production of optical functions in the form of holograms, but are not time-consuming. Suitable replication processes, particularly optical ones, are suitable for this.
- An “image” in the sense described here preferably refers to an optical image which transmits a desired information (“the image”) to a viewer, in particular without further transformation of the light and without the need for further images.
- the image can include a symbol.
- An image, even if it is a so-called partial image should be distinguished from a single pixel, which can create an image in conjunction with a large number of other pixels.
- a single pixel does not represent an image in the sense described here for a viewer; a single pixel can rather be viewed as a pixel. This distinction can also result from the dimensions of the diffraction grating or the image (see below), which can be significantly larger than the dimensions of a pixel.
- At least two holographic diffraction gratings correspond to two or more holographic diffraction gratings, for example two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, 15, 20 or even more diffraction gratings.
- the light source, light guide and the at least two holographic diffraction gratings are designed to illuminate the at least two holographic diffraction gratings by light from the light source coupled into the light guide.
- This preferably means that light from the light source, which is typically located outside the light guide, is first coupled into the light guide.
- the light guide and light source are preferably arranged sufficiently close to one another in such a way that part of the light from the light source, e.g. at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or at least 50% of the light source, is irradiated into the light guide through a (preferably transparent) outer surface of the light guide.
- This is preferably also referred to as coupling, with the coupling in particular being irradiation in such a way that the light is guided in the light guide (see above).
- This light is guided in particular as far as the holographic diffraction gratings so that they are illuminated.
- the illumination preferably takes place at an angle or angle range or angle spectrum for which the holographic diffraction grating is designed to match the wavelength range of the light source.
- the light source is preferably at least one light source, so it can also be several light sources.
- the one light source or the several light sources advantageously illuminate the several holographic diffraction gratings together. This means in particular that the several holographic diffraction gratings are illuminated by the same light source or the same light sources.
- holographic diffraction gratings the images generated of which should be individually switchable, are illuminated by different light sources, so that the images are switched by switching the light sources.
- Each holographic diffraction grating is designed to couple light out of the light guide when illuminated by the light source in order to create an image.
- the wavelength spectrum and angle spectrum of the illumination light striking the diffraction gratings are preferably initially matched to these diffraction gratings, as described above.
- the diffraction grating will then preferably diffract the light according to its functionality in such a way that part of the illumination light is deflected and coupled out of the light guide, with the light also being deflected and coupled out in such a way that a desired image is created.
- the surface of the light guide from which the light is coupled out by the holographic diffraction gratings is preferably called the coupling-out surface.
- a light gate or synonymously a light valve, is preferably a component that can control the passage or transmission of light, especially for an aforementioned spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.
- Each holographic diffraction grating is assigned a controllable light gate. This means, for example, that there is (at least) one controllable light gate for each diffraction grating. To clarify, this primarily means that there is exactly one controllable light gate for each diffraction grating. It can mean that each diffraction grating has its own, assigned light gate, which is arranged in the beam path of the coupled-out light.
- this preferably means that the light gate associated with a diffraction grating is “responsible” for controlling the brightness of the image produced by this diffraction grating.
- the light gate is designed to regulate a brightness of the respective image generated. Regulating a brightness of the image preferably includes an adjustability of the brightness of the image, which includes at least two different adjustable values.
- the light gate is designed to regulate the brightness of the respective image generated preferably means that it is arranged accordingly in a beam path of the light and can regulate its brightness, whereby this beam path is essential for the generation of the image.
- the light gate which is assigned to a diffraction grating, can be arranged in the beam path of the coupled-out light of this diffraction grating.
- Such a display device enables the individual regulation of the brightness of images to be achieved in a particularly simple manner and with few components.
- the light gate is arranged at least in part in a beam path of the coupled-out light of the associated diffraction grating. This also means that the image is already generated by the diffraction grating before passing through the entire light gate.
- At least in part preferably means that at least some subcomponents of the light gate are arranged in the beam path.
- the complete light gate can also be arranged in the beam path of the coupled-out light.
- the brightness of the image can be controlled particularly easily using the light gate.
- the light gate is designed to control the transmission of light depending on an applied control signal.
- the control of the light should advantageously not be arbitrary, but rather controlled in a targeted manner. Applying a control signal to the light gate is particularly suitable for this.
- the light gate can have a connection for this purpose.
- the control signal can then assume different values, to which different transmission values then correspond at least in part.
- the control signal can be an electrical control signal, the different values of which can be realized, for example, in different, time-varying applied electrical voltages and/or current strengths.
- the controllable transmission comprises at least two different transmission values.
- the light gate is designed to switch the image on and off.
- the intensity of the light must be adjustable so that in the first case (image switched on) the image is visible and in the second case (image switched off) the image is not visible.
- visible and not visible for example, the following definitions with regard to an intensity difference can apply.
- the transmission values comprise a first and a second value, wherein the image is visible (or switched on) at the first transmission value and wherein the image is not visible (or switched off) at the second transmission value.
- the difference between visible and non-visible can, for example, correspond to an intensity difference of at least 1:100 or at least 1:1000.
- the transmission is preferably sufficiently high, for example 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more or 90% or more.
- the light gate comprises two (e.g. linear) polarization filters and a controllable polarization modulator (e.g. liquid crystal cell) arranged between the polarization filters. This is described in more detail with reference to Figures 1 and 3, for example.
- the first polarization filter, the second polarization filter and the controllable polarization modulator are arranged in a beam path of the coupled-out light of the associated diffraction grating. This is described in more detail in Fig. 1, for example.
- the complete light gate is advantageously arranged in the beam path of the coupled-out light.
- the second polarization filter and the controllable polarization modulator are arranged in a beam path of the coupled-out light of the associated diffraction grating.
- the first polarization filter is a common first polarization filter for all light gates, which is arranged between the light source and the holographic diffraction gratings. This is described in more detail in Fig. 3, for example.
- the first polarization filter preferably has the function of giving the light a well-defined polarization, for example a linear polarization.
- the polarization filter is preferably set up to transmit this well-defined polarization and to essentially block other polarizations.
- the well-defined polarization of the first polarization filter is advantageously matched to a preferred polarization of the diffraction grating.
- diffraction gratings essentially diffract a certain polarization (more efficiently than others), so that the well-defined polarization can correspond, for example, to the diffracted polarization of the diffraction grating.
- the polarization modulator can preferably modulate this well-defined polarization in a controllable manner.
- a control signal e.g. electrical
- the polarization modulator can be an electro-optical modulator, in particular a Pockels cell, a Kerr cell or a liquid crystal cell.
- the first polarization filter preferably transmits a so-called s-polarization.
- s-polarization preferably refers to the polarization direction of an electric field that oscillates perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
- the plane of incidence is spanned, for example, by the incidence vector of the light beam incident on the diffraction grating and the surface normal to the diffraction grating.
- p-polarization refers to an electric field that oscillates parallel to the plane of incidence. Holographic diffraction gratings are particularly efficient for s-polarized light.
- the second polarization filter is again configured analogously to the first polarization filter to essentially transmit a well-defined polarization (e.g. a linear polarization) and to essentially block other polarizations.
- a well-defined polarization e.g. a linear polarization
- the second polarization filter can essentially transmit the same polarization as the first polarization filter or a polarization orthogonal thereto.
- the light source is a light source for polarized light, wherein the light gate has a polarization modulator and a second polarization filter following along the beam path (i.e. preferably located behind it).
- the light source preferably emits linearly polarized light or light that can be converted into a linear polarization without losses, e.g. circularly polarized light.
- the polarization emitted by the light source is preferably matched to the polarization diffracted by the diffraction grating, so that as much emitted light as possible is diffracted by the respective diffraction grating.
- the first polarization filter can be dispensed with, since the light is already polarized in a well-defined manner by the light source.
- the light source can already emit polarized light in terms of its functionality (e.g. laser) and/or have a polarization filter included in the light source.
- the light source preferably emits s-polarized light. This embodiment requires particularly few components.
- the generated image comprises a real and/or virtual image.
- a so-called holographic structure is preferably a physical framework for the holographic diffraction gratings. It can also be defined, for example, by the following properties.
- the holographic structure can preferably comprise a material suitable for holography.
- the holographic structure can comprise a photopolymer. It can also comprise a suitable carrier material, e.g. a polymer, for protection against chemical and/or mechanical influences.
- the diffraction grating can be introduced into the holographic structure, for example, by an embossing process and/or by exposure. and is preferably contained within a partial volume of the holographic structure.
- the holographic structure and/or the carrier material can be in the form of a layer, in particular a film or a layer system, in particular a film system.
- At least two of the holographic diffraction gratings are each comprised in a separate holographic structure.
- each holographic structure always contains only one holographic diffraction grating, i.e. each diffraction grating contains its own holographic structure. This enables the holographic diffraction grating to be manufactured particularly easily.
- At least two of the holographic diffraction gratings are included in a common holographic structure.
- the holographic diffraction grating must be manufactured in such a way that several diffraction gratings can be incorporated into a holographic structure.
- the introduction of the diffraction gratings into the device is simplified and the adjustment effort for the correct arrangement of the at least two diffraction gratings relative to one another can be reduced.
- the holographic diffraction gratings are RGB diffraction gratings.
- RGB stands for red (R), green (G) and blue (B) and means that the diffraction gratings are suitable for diffraction of red, green and blue light.
- each diffraction grating can comprise (sub) gratings for red, green and blue light.
- the holographic diffraction gratings are designed to generate monochrome images.
- the diffraction grating can be designed to generate a red image through a corresponding diffraction efficiency for red illumination light.
- the light source advantageously emits correspondingly monochrome light, for example in the red spectral range, to stay with the example mentioned.
- the light guide, light source and diffraction grating are designed to illuminate the holographic diffraction gratings without prior multiple reflections in the light guide.
- the light thus preferably hits the diffraction gratings directly from the coupling into the light guide.
- This preferably also includes the case where the diffraction gratings are reflection holograms (see below) and a reflection takes place at an interface of the light guide before diffraction and coupling out by the diffraction gratings. Multiple reflections are in particular more than one reflection.
- the light guide has a deflection surface for deflecting the coupled-in light.
- This is preferably a surface encompassed by the light guide on which a targeted deflection of the coupled-in light can take place in order to then guide it at a desired angle in the light guide in the direction of the diffraction grating.
- the deflection can in particular be a reflection, but it can also be a diffraction.
- This deflection surface can, for example, be mirrored for this purpose, or the angle of the deflection surface in relation to the coupled-in light is such that total reflection takes place at the deflection surface.
- the deflection surface can also comprise a diffraction grating, in particular a hologram. In a variant of this embodiment, it can also be the case that no further multiple reflections take place for the illumination of the holographic diffraction grating, even if the diffraction grating is, for example, a reflection hologram.
- the light guide has a deflection surface for deflecting the coupled-in light, whereby after reflection of the coupled-in light at the deflection surface, no multiple reflections take place in the light guide for the illumination of the holographic diffraction gratings.
- the light guide, light source and diffraction grating are set up for the illumination of the holographic diffraction gratings by wave guidance through multiple total reflections in the light guide.
- the illumination of one or more diffraction gratings, which together take up a large area, can also be easily enabled in this way.
- the coupled beam can preferably take up a certain area at the location of the holographic diffraction grating along the plane of the extension of the holographic diffraction grating. This area is preferably also referred to as a footprint.
- the light guide, light source and diffraction grating are set up for the full-surface illumination of the holographic diffraction gratings by wave guidance through multiple total reflections in the light guide.
- Full-surface preferably means that the holographic diffraction gratings are illuminated over their entire surface, i.e. almost without gaps.
- the light guide, light source and diffraction grating are set up in such a way that the footprints enable full-surface illumination of the holographic diffraction gratings.
- One way of achieving this is for the footprints to directly touch one another or even overlap. Geometric considerations play a particularly important role here.
- F is the Extension of the footprint along this light guide or longitudinal direction and d is the thickness of the light guide. This applies in particular to light guides whose interfaces, where the reflection takes place, are parallel.
- Another possibility is preferably that the footprints do not overlap, but footprints and diffraction gratings are positioned in such a way that each diffraction grating is fully illuminated by a footprint.
- the diffraction gratings are preferably designed to couple out a largely constant intensity of light (where desired) when illuminated by multiple total reflections in the light guide. This can be done, for example, by varying the diffraction efficiency accordingly, for example by making it larger in sections the further away the respective section of the diffraction grating is from the light source. In this way, images with a homogeneous brightness can be realized.
- the light guide comprises a substrate and the substrate material preferably comprises an optical plastic and/or an optical glass.
- the substrate material preferably comprises an optical plastic, preferably selected from a group comprising polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), cycloolefin polymers (COP), cycloolefin copolymers (COC) and/or an optical glass, preferably selected from a group comprising borosilicate glass, B270, N-BK7, N-SF2, P-SF68, P-SK57Q1, P-SK58A, P-BK7, N-FK5, N-PK51, P-SK57, P-LAK35, P-LASF47, N-KZFS11, P-SF69 or SF57.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PC polycarbonate
- COP cycloolefin polymers
- COC cycloolefin copolymers
- an optical glass preferably selected from a group comprising borosilicate glass, B270, N-BK7, N-SF2, P-SF68, P-SK57Q1, P
- the holographic diffraction gratings are included in the light guide, the holographic diffraction gratings being selected in particular from the group of transmission hologram, reflection hologram, Z-hologram and/or relief structure.
- the holographic diffraction grating can, for example, be introduced into the substrate, e.g. written in by a laser.
- the light guide comprises, in addition to the substrate, at least one layer applied to the transparent substrate, which layer has at least one holographic structure or at least one holographic diffraction grating.
- the at least one layer comprises, for example, one or more of the following layers: hologram layer, which preferably comprises the holographic structure, layer comprising triacetate, transparent adhesive layer or adhesive film (e.g. OCA) and/or layer/film comprising polycarbonate (PC).
- the layer can in particular comprise a film, e.g. a hologram film, a triacetate film, an adhesive film and/or a polycarbonate film.
- the layers/films in addition to the hologram layer/hologram film can comprise, for example, carrier layers/films or protective layers/films.
- a so-called Z-hologram comprises two reflection holograms, preferably arranged directly one behind the other, whereby the hologram following along the light propagation causes a first “reflection” (strictly speaking, this is of course a diffraction) of the light and then the hologram first along the light propagation.
- These two holograms are therefore advantageously transmissive, which means that, for example, the advantages of a transmission hologram can be combined with those of a reflection hologram (higher wavelength and/or angle selectivity).
- the relief structure or relief hologram is preferably a structure that has physical structures (e.g. elevations) on a material surface, which can include a corresponding diffraction grating.
- the depressions or elevations cause the light to travel different path lengths in the material, causing a phase difference. This results in a phase grating, which is referred to as a diffraction grating.
- the relief holograms can also be produced as embossed holograms by introducing the depressions into the material using a stamp, for example.
- the light guide has a planar extension.
- the light guide has an output surface for coupling the light out of the light guide, which is arranged along the planar extension of the light guide.
- the holographic diffraction gratings are preferably arranged along the output surface.
- Flat means in particular forming a wider surface, being flattened and/or extending over a surface.
- Flat can mean, for example, that the light guide has a large extension along a plane or surface and a relatively much smaller extension in a direction perpendicular to it.
- the plane or surface can also be a curved plane or surface.
- Much smaller extension preferably means an extension that is at least a factor of two smaller than the smallest extension along the plane or surface.
- the coupling-out surface is preferably the surface of the light guide from which or through which the light coupled out by the holographic diffraction grating is coupled out.
- the coupling-out surface is, for example, the surface of the light guide that a user of the display device looks at.
- the coupling-out surface is arranged along the planar extension of the light guide can also mean that the coupling-out surface is arranged parallel to it.
- the fact that the holographic diffraction gratings are preferably arranged along the coupling-out surface means in particular that they are arranged parallel to the coupling-out surface.
- the light gate is at least partially applied to the coupling-out surface.
- the light gate is located outside the light guide, at least in the parts applied to the coupling-out surface.
- the light gate or its applied subcomponents can be applied directly to the coupling-out surface, which preferably means without any further intermediate layer and/or additional components.
- At least one further intermediate layer and/or additional component is present between the coupling-out surface and the parts of the light gate.
- the viewer or user of the display device preferably looks directly at the light gate and can recognize it directly when the image is “switched on”.
- the light gates form a planar outer boundary surface of the device.
- gaps between light gates can also be filled with a filling material which, together with the light gates, forms a flat outer boundary surface of the device.
- This filling material can, for example, comprise a low-refractive layer (see below).
- a low-refractive layer is included on the coupling-out surface at least between the holographic diffraction grating and the parts of the light gate
- the low-refractive-index layer is particularly designed for total reflection of illumination light at the low-refractive-index layer.
- a low-refractive-index layer is preferably designed to ensure total reflection of the coupled-in light at the output surface even where the light gate or parts thereof are applied to the output surface, in particular independently of the refractive index of the light gate.
- the low-refractive layer advantageously has a lower refractive index than the light guide.
- the low-refractive-index layer is enclosed at least between the holographic diffraction grating and the parts of the light gate preferably means that it is enclosed at least in the regions of the coupling-out surface where the light gate is present, namely on the coupling-out surface, between the diffraction grating and the light gate.
- the low-refractive-index layer may be included there, but it does not have to be, since total reflection can advantageously take place there even without a low-refractive-index layer due to the different refractive indices between the light guide and the surrounding medium.
- a refractive index difference between the light guide (or holographic diffraction grating) and the low-refractive layer is at least 0.3. In this way, total reflection can advantageously be ensured for preferred angles of the coupled-in light.
- the light guide in particular the substrate and/or the holographic elements
- the low-refractive layer has a refractive index between 1.37 and 1.47.
- an air gap is included between the light guide and the parts of the light gate, preferably between the coupling-out surface and the parts of the light gate.
- the air gap advantageously has the same effect as the low-refractive-index layer, in particular the effect of ensuring total reflection of the coupled-in light at the output surface or the outer surface of the light guide even where the light gate or parts thereof are applied to the output surface or the light guide, in particular regardless of the refractive index of the light gate.
- the air gap can, for example, have a spacing between the light guide (in particular the coupling-out surface) and parts of the light gate which is one millimeter (mm) or less, preferably 0.5 mm or less.
- the low-refractive layer comprises PVB.
- the light guide comprises a coupling surface for coupling in light from the light source.
- the coupling surface is preferably an outer surface of the light guide, which is designed to couple light from the light source into the light guide. For this purpose, it has advantageous properties, such as transparency.
- the light from the light source is preferably coupled substantially or partially into the light guide through the coupling surface.
- the coupling surface can have further advantageous properties. It can be flat, for example. However, it can also have particularly desired light-forming properties, for example it can be curved in order to achieve or support collimation of the coupled light.
- the light guide and light source are designed to couple light from the light source into the light guide.
- This can mean, for example, that the light source is arranged directly in front of the coupling surface and radiates in the direction of the coupling surface.
- the light guide has a planar extension, with the coupling surface being present on a side surface of the light guide.
- the side surface is preferably not located along the planar extension of the light guide, in particular perpendicular to it. However, the side surface can be beveled at an angle other than a perpendicular angle to the planar extension, at least in the region of the coupling surface.
- the holographic diffraction gratings form a so-called edge-lit hologram with the substrate of the light guide, in which the illumination light is coupled into a side surface of the light guide and illuminates the diffraction gratings through the light guide.
- the diffraction gratings in turn preferably diffract the light in such a way that it is coupled out of the coupling-out surface, with the coupling-out surface being arranged along the planar extension.
- the coupled-in light that is not diffracted and coupled out remains in the light guide due to total reflection.
- the light source is designed to irradiate the coupling surface, in particular for coupling into the light guide, so that coupled light propagates at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection in the light guide.
- This preferably applies to at least one plane of the light guide, e.g. a longitudinal section plane of the light guide perpendicular to the coupling-out surface of the light guide (vertical plane).
- the coupling surface can be located in a beveled region of the side surface, with the light source being arranged, for example, at an angle to the planar extent of the light guide.
- the light source can be arranged such that it is arranged along a surface normal of the coupling surface. In this way, coupling can be carried out particularly easily and with a minimization of Fresnel reflections on the coupling surface, in particular at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection.
- the coupling surface is arranged along the planar extent of the light guide.
- the light source can also be arranged along a surface normal of the coupling surface.
- the light guide can, for example, have a deflection surface which is designed to deflect the coupled light at an angle so that after deflection the light forms an angle with the boundary surfaces of the light guide (e.g. coupling-out surface) which is greater than a critical angle of total reflection.
- the image is generated outside an extension of the light guide and thus preferably has a floating height relative to the light guide (or the coupling-out surface).
- a floating height is preferably a distance of the image generated (preferably by the diffraction grating) from a reference plane, in particular measured in the vertical or perpendicular direction to this plane.
- the reference plane here is in particular the output surface of the light guide.
- a special optical effect can be achieved by setting the height of the screen. Operating functions that do not rely on touching a surface can also be implemented in this way.
- the image can mark an operating area.
- the light source comprises at least one LED and/or one laser. It may comprise several LEDs and/or lasers.
- the light source can comprise, for example, at least one LED and/or at least one laser.
- the light source preferably emits light in the visible spectrum, in particular between 380 nanometers (nm) and 780 nm in relation to the wavelength of the light.
- the light source preferably does not comprise a separate beam-forming component, e.g. a lens.
- the light source comprises at least one beam-forming component, for example at least one lens.
- the light source is preferably arranged with a main radiation direction in the direction of the coupling surface, in particular if the light source has anisotropic radiation properties.
- LEDs are particularly simple, long-lasting and cost-effective and have sufficient optical properties, particularly with regard to their coherence, for a variety of lighting functions, especially holographic lighting functions. LEDs are particularly efficient.
- LED emitters have dimensions between 0.5 x 0.5 mm 2 and 1 x 1 mm 2. In general, it can be said that smaller emitter areas are always advantageous for our application. The minimum distance of the coupling area is independent of the emitter size.
- the emission spectrum of the LED can be assigned to a color.
- the emission spectrum of the LED cannot be assigned to one color, but comprises a multi-colored spectrum.
- RGB LED Red/Green/Blue
- R, G and B which can preferably (in the case of several emitters) be controlled individually.
- it could be an Osram MULTILED LRTB GVSG, which emits at 625 nm (red), 528 nm (true green), 460 nm (blue). Intensities can be, for example, 500 - 1000 milli-candelas (mcd) for red, 1250 - 2010 mcd for green and 180 - 560 mcd for blue.
- mcd milli-candelas
- At least one collimation optic preferably at least one lens, is included between the light source and the holographic diffraction gratings, preferably between the light source and the light guide.
- the collimation optics are preferably designed to realize a collimation of the light from the light source in at least one plane.
- the collimation optics are preferably designed to realize a collimation in at least one plane along the planar extent of the light guide.
- the collimation optics are designed to realize the light from the light source in two mutually perpendicular planes.
- the beam properties of the illumination of the holographic diffraction grating can be improved and a better image can be produced.
- the holographic diffraction gratings are arranged next to one another. In this way, several images can be displayed next to one another and their brightness can be controlled.
- holographic diffraction gratings are arranged directly adjacent to one another. In this way, images that are close to one another or adjacent to one another can be generated.
- holographic diffraction gratings are arranged at a distance from one another, with a distance preferably being at least 1 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm and in particular 3 mm or more.
- images can be generated which are spaced apart from one another. This can, for example, improve the representation or operability if the images show an operating area.
- the light gates are arranged directly adjacent to one another. This can also be the case if the diffraction gratings are spaced apart from one another as described above.
- the light gates are also spaced apart, preferably at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 1.5 mm and in particular 2.5 mm or more.
- a matrix arrangement preferably describes an arrangement of the diffraction gratings which can be described by positioning the diffraction gratings along two directions that are essentially vertical to one another. For example, the arrangement can be described along a "row” and a "column" of a matrix. There is preferably a fixed number of diffraction gratings along each row, which corresponds to the number of columns. The number of diffraction gratings can thus be determined by specifying the number of columns and rows.
- the number of rows and columns is preferably specified in the format A x B, where A is a natural number that indicates the number of rows and B is a natural number that indicates the number of columns.
- a 9 x 9 matrix comprises a total of nine rows with nine columns each, with a diffraction grating arranged in each column, thus comprising a total of 81 diffraction gratings.
- the number of columns does not have to correspond to the number of rows, as in the example.
- the holographic diffraction gratings and/or the images generated have an extent of at least 10 x 10 mm 2 . In this way, particularly clearly recognizable images can be realized.
- the light gates have substantially the same or larger dimensions so that the light beams for displaying the images generated can be regulated by the light gate, in particular without parts of the light beams being cut off by the light gates being too small.
- the light gates or their switchable areas therefore have dimensions or an extension of at least 10 x 10 mm 2 , preferably at least 11 x 11 mm 2 .
- At least two of the images generated have matching partial images which form an overall image.
- the images generated are directly adjacent to one another.
- a diaphragm layer is included, which is arranged on the coupling-out surface.
- the diaphragm layer can produce an aesthetic effect, in particular by a certain coloring of the diaphragm layer.
- the aperture layer can form a mechanical and/or optical protective layer which, for example, absorbs and/or reflects certain spectral components of electromagnetic radiation.
- the diaphragm layer can in particular comprise a film.
- the low-refractive index layer is arranged between the coupling-out surface and the diaphragm layer. In this way, absorption of coupled-in/guided light in the diaphragm layer can be reduced.
- the diaphragm layer has recesses and/or transparent areas congruent with the holographic diffraction gratings. In this way, the light diffracted by the diffraction gratings can be coupled out largely without absorption.
- a control device or control unit is in particular at least one integrated circuit, e.g. at least one microprocessor, at least one processor or processor unit, at least one CPU, at least one computer and/or at least one computer.
- a control device can comprise, for example, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- PLD programmable logic device
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- components known to the person skilled in the art in this context such as at least one electronic memory, an integrated circuit, at least one digital-analog converter, at least one analog-digital converter and/or at least one amplifier, can be included.
- the invention relates to an operating device comprising a holographic display device as described above, at least one operating element with at least one sensor that is configured to detect an interaction with the operating element and to output a detection signal, and a control device.
- the control device is configured to control the light gates depending on the detection signal.
- the detection signal is preferably output from the sensor to the control device.
- the operating device has a display device as described above, and also includes operating elements.
- the operating elements can be buttons, for example.
- An operating element preferably has a corresponding symbol to identify the operating element. This can be done, for example, by the diffraction gratings generated by the Images are provided.
- the control element advantageously comprises an "operating mechanism" which, through interaction with the control element, triggers an action that corresponds to the desired operability.
- the action can be switching a lamp or heating/ventilation in a vehicle on and off.
- a corresponding sensor is included to determine the interaction.
- the sensor for example, can be a proximity sensor, e.g. optical, a touch sensor, e.g. capacitive, or a pressure sensor, e.g.
- control elements can be implemented in this way, e.g. classic push buttons (in conjunction with a mechanically movable element of the control device), but also touchscreen-like control elements or control elements in which a contactless interaction, e.g. within a display area of the image with a floating height, triggers the operating mechanism.
- the sensor is set up to detect an interaction with the control element and to output a detection signal.
- This detection signal is passed on to a control device, wherein the control device is set up to control the light gates depending on the detection signal.
- the control device can also output a (e.g. electrical) signal that triggers the respective action, e.g. switches the said lamp on or off.
- a control element associated with the respective holographic diffraction grating is included for at least two holographic diffraction gratings.
- the light gates associated with the respective diffraction grating are controlled depending on the detection signal of the control element associated with the diffraction grating.
- each holographic diffraction grating is advantageously provided with an associated operating element with a respective sensor.
- the detection signal of the respective sensor then in turn controls the respectively associated light gate.
- the invention relates to a method for an operating device as described above, comprising the following steps:
- Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the holographic display device.
- Figure 2 schematically shows an embodiment of the holographic display device in which a low-refractive layer is included on the output surface.
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment with varying structure of the light gates.
- Figures 4a and b show an operating device according to a further aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows schematically the (process) steps involved in operating the control element.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic embodiment of the holographic display device 1.
- the display device 1 can be used to generate switchable images 6, 6' and 6".
- controllable light gates 7, 7' and 7 By using appropriately set up or arranged, controllable light gates 7, 7' and 7", the brightness of the images 6, 6', 6" can be controlled; in particular, the images 6, 6' and 6" can be switched on and off by controlling the transmission values of the light gates 7, 7' and 7" accordingly.
- the display device has a light source 4, e.g. an LED, a light guide 2 and, in the present case, three holographic diffraction gratings s, 3' and 3".
- the light guide 2 and the light source are arranged in relation to one another in such a way that the light from the light source 4 is coupled into the light guide 2 and this coupled light 5 then illuminates the diffraction gratings s, 3' and 3".
- the diffraction gratings 3, 3' and 3" are therefore illuminated together or by a common light source 4.
- the diffraction gratings s, 3', 3" couple this illumination light at least partially out of the light guide 2.
- the coupled-out light 8 (see Fig.
- each diffraction grating s, 3' and 3" has its own, assigned light gate 7, 7' and 7", which is arranged in the beam path of the coupled-out light 8. This allows the transmission of the coupled-out light 8 in the light gate 7 to be controlled. If the transmission of the light gate 7 is set so that no coupled-out light 8 can pass through, no image 6, 6' or 6" is generated. If the transmission of the light gate 7, 7' or 7" is adjusted so that the coupled-out light of the respective diffraction grating 3, 3' or 3" can pass essentially unhindered, an image 6, 6' or 6" visible to an observer is generated.
- the light guide 2 shown has a planar extension, i.e. it has a large extension along a plane or surface and a relatively much smaller extension in a direction perpendicular to this.
- the planar extension extends along a horizontal line of the image and the smaller extension along a vertical direction.
- the side surfaces of the light guide 2 extend along the smaller extension of the light guide 2, for example 17 and 17'.
- the coupling surface 16 is arranged on the left side surface 17.
- the coupling surface 17 is inclined at an angle to the image vertical in order to enable the light to be irradiated into the light guide 2 at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection in conjunction with the arrangement of the light source 4, as will be described below, among other things.
- the light source 4 is designed to irradiate light into the light guide 2 through the coupling surface 16.
- the light source 4 is arranged in front of the coupling surface 16, essentially in such a way that the direction of radiation into the coupling surface 16 essentially forms a right angle with it, for example to avoid light refraction and to minimize Fresnel reflections.
- a collimating optic 19 e.g. a lens
- a cylindrical lens for example, can be used for this.
- a collimating optic 19 can also be used, which also causes collimation in the plane perpendicular to the image plane.
- the variant shown represents a possible embodiment in which the arrangement and orientation of the coupling surface 16 together with the arrangement and, if applicable, orientation of the light source 4 as described results in the light 5 coupled into the light guide 2 being guided at an angle greater than the critical angle of total reflection in the light guide 2.
- the light can be guided to the diffraction gratings 3, 3' and 3" by multiple reflections 13 in the light guide 2 (through waveguiding) without any significant losses.
- the light not diffracted from the light guide 2 by the diffraction gratings 3, 3' and 3" (the so-called zeroth order) is guided further in the light guide 2 and does not reach the viewer, as can be the case with other holographic arrangements. Since a coupled light beam loses some radiant power through diffraction each time it passes through a diffraction grating 3, 3' and 3", the efficiencies of the diffraction gratings 3, 3' and 3" can be adjusted so that a part of a diffraction grating 3, 3' and 3" passed through later has a higher diffraction efficiency than a part passed through earlier, in order to generate homogeneously bright images overall.
- the holographic diffraction gratings 3, 3' and 3" are included in a common holographic structure 12.
- This can be in the form of a foil, for example which is applied to the substrate of the light guide 2. This simplifies the application of the diffraction gratings s, 3' and 3" and reduces any assembly effort.
- a corresponding exposure of several diffraction gratings s, 3' and 3" in a single structure 12 is also quite possible.
- each light gate 7, 7' and 7" comprises a first polarization filter 9 or first polarizer, a second polarization filter 10 or second polarizer and a controllable polarization modulator 11 in between.
- the first polarization filter 9 is arranged upstream along the beam path (i.e. closer to the light source) than the second polarization filter 10.
- the first polarization filter 9 essentially has the function of giving the light a well-defined polarization, e.g. a linear polarization.
- the polarization filter 9 is set up accordingly to transmit this well-defined polarization and to essentially block other polarizations.
- the well-defined polarization of the first polarization filter 9 is matched to the preferred polarization of the diffraction grating 3, so that the well-defined polarization essentially corresponds to the diffracted polarization of the diffraction grating 3 in order to maximize efficiency.
- the polarization modulator 11 can now modulate this well-defined polarization in a controllable manner.
- a control signal e.g. electrical
- the modulation can then be carried out depending on the control signal.
- an existing linear polarization can be rotated to different degrees depending on the control signal applied. For example, with one control signal, a rotation can be approximately 0° (i.e.
- the second polarization filter 10 is in turn designed, like the first 9, to essentially transmit a well-defined polarization (e.g. a linear polarization) and to essentially block other polarizations.
- the second polarization filter 10 can transmit essentially the same polarization as the first polarization filter 9. Then the maximum amount of coupled-out light 8 would be transmitted through the second polarization filter 10 if the polarization modulator 11 is controlled such that the rotation corresponds to 0° and essentially no light would be transmitted through the second polarization filter 10 if the polarization modulator 11 is controlled such that a rotation of the polarization by 90° takes place.
- the second polarization filter 10 can, for example, be set up to transmit a polarization that deviates by essentially 90° from the polarization that the first polarization filter 9 transmits (so-called "crossed" polarization filters). A maximum of light is then transmitted through the second polarization filter 10 when the polarization modulator rotates the polarization by 90° and essentially no light is transmitted when the rotation corresponds to 0°.
- intermediate values of the polarization rotation can also be set so that Intermediate values of the transmission can also be set and the brightness of the images 6, 6' and 6" can be regulated.
- the polarization modulator 11 can be implemented, for example, by a liquid crystal cell.
- the light gate 7 is only partially arranged in a beam path of the coupled-out light 8, i.e. along the beam path of the light behind the diffraction grating s.
- the first polarization filter 9 can already be arranged between the light source 4 and the coupling surface 17, preferably between the collimation optics 19 and the coupling surface 17, in particular on the coupling surface 17.
- only a single first polarization filter 9 would be required, which at the same time establishes a well-defined polarization for all other light gate parts 7, 7' and 7". This would further simplify the structure of the display device 1.
- Figure 2 schematically shows some details of an embodiment of the holographic display device 1. Some features of the device shown have already been described in Figure 1 and are therefore no longer presented in detail here. However, they are provided with the same reference numerals as in Figure 1 and can therefore be easily identified.
- Figure 2 shows a section of the light guide 2 and its structure and function in detail, without, for example, going into aspects of coupling the light into the light guide 2. Furthermore, elements applied to the light guide 2 such as the low-refractive layer 15 and two light gates 7 and 7' are shown.
- the light guide 2 itself comprises a substrate 20 or a substrate body and the holographic structure 12, here in the form of a hologram film applied to the substrate 20, which as a common holographic structure 12 comprises the diffraction gratings 3 and 3'.
- the hologram film and substrate 20 have a very similar refractive index so that no unwanted reflections occur at their contact surface and a largely optically homogeneous light guide 2 is formed.
- the low-refractive layer 15 is included on the hologram film, the function of which will be explained in more detail below.
- the associated light gates 7 and 7' are in turn applied to the low-refractive layer 15 above the diffraction gratings 3, 3'.
- the light guide 2 is flat and has an output surface 14 at the interface between the hologram film and the low-refractive layer 15. This is arranged along the flat extent of the light guide 2, i.e. along the image horizontal in the example shown.
- the coupled-in light 5 is guided by total reflections at the upper and lower interfaces of the light guide 2, the upper interface being the output surface 14.
- a part of this coupled-in light 5 is diffracted by the respective holographic diffraction grating 3, 3' and deflected in such a way that it is coupled out of the coupling-out surface 14 of the light guide 2.
- the diffraction gratings s, 3' shown are reflection holograms, the coupled-in light initially transmits these undiffracted coming from the lower boundary surface of the light guide 2, is then reflected at the coupling-out surface 14 and only then is diffracted by the diffraction gratings 3, 3' into the so-called first order and coupled out of the coupling-out surface 14 of the light guide 2.
- the coupled-out light 8 then transmits one of the light gates 7, 7', whereby the transmission can be controlled in the manner described above.
- the light gate 7 is also constructed as described above and comprises a first polarization filter 9, a second polarization filter 10 and an intermediate polarization modulator 11.
- the part of the coupled-in light 5 not diffracted by the diffraction gratings 3 and 3' remains as zeroth order in the light guide 2.
- the function of the low-refractive-index layer 15 is now to enable total reflection at the output surface 14 even where the light gates 7, 7' are located. Otherwise, without the low-refractive-index layer 15, the typically similar refractive indices between the light guide 2 and the light gate 7 would prevent total reflection at their contact surfaces and thus disrupt the total reflection or light conduction of the coupled-in light 5 in the light guide 2.
- the low-refractive-index layer 15 must have a correspondingly lower refractive index than the light guide 2, so that the critical angle of total reflection is smaller than the angle that the coupled-in light 5 forms with the surface normal of the output surface 14. There must also be a corresponding difference between the light guide 2 and the surrounding medium (usually air) at the lower interface of the light guide 2.
- the light 8 diffracted and coupled out by the holographic diffraction gratings 3, 3' can easily be transmitted by the low-refractive-index layer 15 in the direction of the light gates 7, 7', since it strikes the interface between the light guide 2 and the low-refractive-index layer 15 at an angle smaller than the critical angle of total reflection (for example, as shown, at an angle of 0°, with the angle between the respective light beam and the surface normal to the interface being measured).
- the light guide 2 is therefore essentially defined by the fact that it has an approximately homogeneous refractive index and thus enables light to be guided by total reflection on its outer surfaces (with the appropriate coupling angle).
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the display device 1 that largely corresponds to the variant from Figure 1 (with the same reference numerals), but in which the structure of the light gates 7, 7' and 7" varies.
- the second polarization filter 10 and the controllable polarization modulator 11 are still arranged in a beam path of the coupled-out light 8 of the associated diffraction grating 3, 3', 3", but the first polarization filter 9 is a common first polarization filter s for all light gates 7, 7', 7". In the example shown, this is arranged between the collimation optics 19 and the coupling surface 16, specifically directly on the coupling surface 16.
- FIGS 4a and b show an operating device 26 according to a further aspect of the invention.
- the operating device 26 has a display device 1 as described above, and also includes operating elements 27, 27' and 27".
- the operating elements 27, 27' and 27" can be buttons, for example.
- Advantageous properties of a control element 27 are, on the one hand, the identification of the control element 27 by means of appropriate symbols, e.g. as a light display or as a print. This identification can be provided, for example, by the images 6 generated by the diffraction gratings 3, 3' and 3". However, it can also be an additional functionality which is not described further here.
- the control element 27 must comprise an operating mechanism which, through interaction 22 with the control element 27, triggers an action which corresponds to the desired operability.
- the action can be switching a lamp or a heater/ventilation system in a vehicle on and off.
- a corresponding sensor 21 must be included.
- the sensor 21 can be a proximity sensor, e.g. optical, a touch sensor, e.g. capacitive, or a pressure sensor, e.g. B. (piezo-) electric or an electrical switch.
- different types of operating elements 27 can be implemented, e.g. classic push buttons (in conjunction with a mechanically movable element of the operating device), but also touchscreen-like operating elements 27 or operating elements 27 in which a contactless interaction 22, e.g. within a display area of the image 6 with a floating height 18, triggers the operating mechanism.
- the sensor 21 is set up to detect an interaction 22 with the operating element 27 and to output a detection signal.
- This detection signal is passed on to a control device (not shown), wherein the control device is set up to control the light gates 7, 7', 7" depending on the detection signal.
- the control device can also output a (e.g. electrical) signal which triggers the respective action, e.g. switches the said lamp on or off.
- each holographic diffraction grating s, 3' and 3" advantageously includes an associated control element 27, 27' and 27" with a respective sensor 21, 21 1 and 21 ". The detection signal of the respective sensor 21, 21 1 and 21" then in turn controls the respectively associated light gate 7, 7' and 7".
- FIG. 4a A schematic snapshot of an interaction taking place with the operating element 27' of the operating device 26 is shown in Figure 4a.
- a user's finger 22 approaches the operating element 27' in order to trigger the interaction 22 with the operating element 27'.
- the light gate 7' can be touched and a detection signal from the sensor 21 1 (shown purely schematically) can be triggered.
- the sensor 21 can be, for example, a capacitive sensor that detects a touch on the surface of the light gate 7' (which is, for example, coated accordingly).
- the representation of the light gate 7, which is shown greatly raised compared to the light guide 2 is purely schematic and in reality a flat upper surface of the device 1 or 26 can also be realized.
- the sensor 21 1 can also be a proximity sensor that detects an interaction of the user with the control element 27' in the area of the finger 22 shown.
- the detection signal triggers the action desired by the interaction (e.g.: "lamp off") via the control device, and the light gate 7' is also controlled by the control device.
- the image 6' which shows a symbol of a lamp to indicate what is controlled by the control element 27'
- Light gate 7' is controlled accordingly. This is shown in Figure 4b, with image 6' being symbolically represented here simply as "B".
- Figure 5 once again shows schematically the steps that take place when operating the control element: “detection of an interaction with the control element” 23 by the sensor 21, “output of a detection signal” 24 by the sensor 21 and “control of the light gate depending on the detection signal” 25 by the control device.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480042887.2A CN121444021A (zh) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-26 | 能够切换的全息显示器 |
| KR1020267000286A KR20260030804A (ko) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-26 | 스위칭 가능한 홀로그래픽 표시장치 |
| EP24737705.4A EP4735961A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-26 | Schaltbare holographische anzeige |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023206165.1A DE102023206165A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2023-06-29 | Schaltbare holographische anzeige |
| DE102023206165.1 | 2023-06-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025003230A1 true WO2025003230A1 (de) | 2025-01-02 |
Family
ID=91759404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/067961 Ceased WO2025003230A1 (de) | 2023-06-29 | 2024-06-26 | Schaltbare holographische anzeige |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4735961A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20260030804A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121444021A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023206165A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2025003230A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023121581A1 (de) | 2023-08-11 | 2025-02-13 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Holographische anzeigevorrichtung für kontaktlosen fingerscanner |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013180737A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Directional backlight with a modulation layer |
| US20170248790A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-08-31 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods |
| DE102021210914A1 (de) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-03-30 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Einfacher holographischer lichtleiter |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105917277B (zh) * | 2014-01-07 | 2020-04-17 | 视瑞尔技术公司 | 用于全息重建的显示设备 |
| DE102021210915A1 (de) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-03-30 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Holographisches bedienelement |
-
2023
- 2023-06-29 DE DE102023206165.1A patent/DE102023206165A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-26 KR KR1020267000286A patent/KR20260030804A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-26 EP EP24737705.4A patent/EP4735961A1/de active Pending
- 2024-06-26 WO PCT/EP2024/067961 patent/WO2025003230A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-26 CN CN202480042887.2A patent/CN121444021A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013180737A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Directional backlight with a modulation layer |
| US20170248790A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-08-31 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Virtual and augmented reality systems and methods |
| DE102021210914A1 (de) * | 2021-09-29 | 2023-03-30 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Einfacher holographischer lichtleiter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121444021A (zh) | 2026-01-30 |
| KR20260030804A (ko) | 2026-03-06 |
| DE102023206165A1 (de) | 2025-01-02 |
| EP4735961A1 (de) | 2026-05-06 |
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