WO2025002267A1 - 一种天线组件及其控制方法、终端设备 - Google Patents

一种天线组件及其控制方法、终端设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025002267A1
WO2025002267A1 PCT/CN2024/102042 CN2024102042W WO2025002267A1 WO 2025002267 A1 WO2025002267 A1 WO 2025002267A1 CN 2024102042 W CN2024102042 W CN 2024102042W WO 2025002267 A1 WO2025002267 A1 WO 2025002267A1
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Prior art keywords
frequency
antenna
approximately
overall efficiency
inductor
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PCT/CN2024/102042
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马强
郭庆余
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to DE112024002710.5T priority Critical patent/DE112024002710T5/de
Publication of WO2025002267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025002267A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology and equipment, and in particular to an antenna assembly and a control method thereof, and a terminal device.
  • Antennas are important components required for terminal electronic devices to realize communication functions.
  • the performance of antennas directly affects the overall communication performance and communication quality of terminal devices. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, people's requirements for smart terminal devices are getting higher and higher.
  • the size of the antenna has always been a crucial factor in determining the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • an antenna assembly comprising:
  • a radiator (1) wherein a first end of the radiator is connected to the middle frame and a first gap (3) is formed between a second end of the radiator and the middle frame, and a second gap (5) is formed between a side edge of the radiator and a side edge of the middle frame; wherein a length of the radiator is approximately a quarter wavelength of a first frequency point within a supported bandwidth; and
  • a feeding point (4) which is arranged on the radiator and connected to a matching topology.
  • the range of the supported bandwidth includes approximately 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency to approximately 4 times the frequency of the first frequency.
  • the supported bandwidth ranges from about 1.4 GHz to about 6 GHz.
  • the length of the radiator is about 16 mm to about 25 mm.
  • the matching topology includes a first inductor, a third inductor and a second capacitor connected in series on a main line between a power supply and the feeding point, and a second inductor and a first capacitor arranged in parallel between the main line and the ground, the second inductor and the first capacitor are connected to the main line, wherein the first capacitor is a variable capacitor.
  • the first inductance ranges from about 0.1nH to about 5nH
  • the second inductance ranges from about 3nH to about 20nH
  • the third inductance ranges from about 2nH to about 10nH
  • the first capacitance has a variable range of about 0pF to about 4pF.
  • the supported bandwidth ranges from approximately 1.4GHz to approximately 6GHz.
  • a first gap between the second end of the radiator and the middle frame ranges from about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm
  • a second gap between the side of the radiator and the side of the middle frame ranges from about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm.
  • the distance between the feeding point and the second end of the radiator is less than half of the length of the radiator, and the distance between the feeding point and the second end of the radiator ranges from about 0 mm to about 12.5 mm.
  • the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly is not less than -2dB, and within the supported bandwidth, the total efficiency of the antenna assembly is not less than -3.5dB.
  • the present disclosure also provides a terminal device, characterized in that it includes the antenna assembly as described above.
  • the present invention also discloses a control method for an antenna assembly, comprising:
  • the first inductance L1, the second inductance L2, the third inductance L3, the first capacitance C1, and the second capacitance C2 corresponding to the third overall efficiency T3 are read as the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A, where the length of the radiator is approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency point.
  • control method of the antenna assembly further includes:
  • the first inductance L1 corresponding to the first overall efficiency T1 is read as the first target inductance L1A.
  • control method of the antenna assembly further includes:
  • the first inductance L1 , the second inductance L2 , and the first capacitance C1 corresponding to the second overall efficiency T2 are read as the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, and the first target capacitance C1A.
  • the frequency range between about 0.6 times the first frequency point and about 4 times the first frequency point includes one or more frequency sub-ranges, wherein:
  • the first frequency sub-range includes a frequency between about 0.6 times the first frequency and about 0.85 times the first frequency
  • the second frequency sub-range includes between about 0.85 of the first frequency point and about 1.14 of the first frequency point;
  • the third frequency sub-range includes a frequency between about 1.14 times the first frequency and about 1.5 times the first frequency;
  • the fourth frequency sub-range includes a frequency between about 1.5 times the first frequency point and about 2 times the first frequency point;
  • the fifth frequency sub-range includes a frequency between approximately twice the first frequency point and approximately four times the first frequency point.
  • control method of the antenna assembly further includes:
  • adjusting the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna to obtain a maximum overall efficiency T11; in response to the minimum value of T11 being less than a threshold value, adjusting the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the first capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T21; in response to the minimum value of T21 being less than a threshold value, adjusting the third inductor connected in series with the antenna L3 and the second capacitor C2 connected in series with the antenna, obtain the overall efficiency T31; in response to the minimum value Tmin in T31 being not less than the threshold; read T31 and the corresponding L1, L2, L3, C1, C2;
  • adjusting the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna to obtain a maximum overall efficiency T12; in response to the minimum value in T12 being less than a threshold value, adjusting the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the variable capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T22; in response to the minimum value in T22 being less than a threshold value, adjusting the third inductor L3 connected in series with the antenna and the second capacitor C2 connected in series with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T32; in response to the minimum value Tmin in T32 being not less than a threshold value; reading T32 and corresponding L1, L2, L3, C1, and C2;
  • adjusting the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna In response to the frequency of the received or transmitted signal being between about 2 times and about 4 times of the first frequency and the minimum value of the overall efficiency T being less than a threshold, adjusting the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna, and achieving a maximum overall efficiency of T15; in response to the minimum value of T15 being less than a threshold, adjusting the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the variable capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna, and obtaining an overall efficiency of T25; in response to the minimum value of T25 being less than a threshold, adjusting the third inductor L3 connected in series with the antenna and the second capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the antenna, and obtaining an overall efficiency of T35; in response to the minimum value Tmin in T35 being not less than a threshold; reading T35 and corresponding L1, L2, C1, and C2;
  • the capacitance C2 is read as the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3A, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A.
  • the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna is adjusted to maximize the overall efficiency T11; in response to the minimum value of T11 being not less than a threshold, T11 and the corresponding L1 are read.
  • the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna is adjusted to maximize the overall efficiency T12; in response to the minimum value of T12 being less than the threshold, the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the variable capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna are adjusted to obtain an overall efficiency T22; in response to the minimum value of T22 being not less than the threshold, T22 and the corresponding L1, L2, and C1 are read.
  • control method of the antenna assembly further includes: receiving a signal
  • the topology is adjusted in response to at least one of the read first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3A, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A.
  • the overall impedance between the signal source and the antenna corresponding to the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3A, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A is approximately 50 ohms.
  • the first capacitor includes a variable capacitor, and a variable range of the variable capacitor includes about 0 pF to about 4 pF.
  • the threshold is about -5db to about -3db.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a matching topology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is an antenna input impedance without matching topology according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG4 is a diagram showing the efficiency of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG5 is a diagram showing the efficiency of an antenna assembly according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG6 is a diagram showing the efficiency of an antenna assembly according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG7 is a flow chart of a method for controlling an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG8 shows the effect of the matching topology on the antenna impedance of zone I according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG9 shows the effect of the matching topology on the antenna impedance of Zone II according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG10 is an illustration of the effect of the matching topology on the antenna impedance of Zone III according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG11 is an illustration of the effect of the matching topology on the antenna impedance of zone IV according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG12 is an illustration showing the effect of the matching topology on the antenna impedance of zone V according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG13 is a flow chart of a method for controlling an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the antenna assembly includes:
  • a middle frame 2 wherein one side of the middle frame 2 has a notch
  • a radiator 1 wherein a first end of the radiator 1 is connected to the middle frame 2 and a first gap 3 is provided between a second end of the radiator 1 and the middle frame 2, and a second gap 5 is provided between a side edge of the radiator 1 and a side edge of the middle frame 2; wherein a length of the radiator 1 is approximately a quarter wavelength of a first frequency point within the supported bandwidth;
  • Feeding point the feeding point 4 is arranged on the radiator 1 , and the feeding point 4 is connected to a matching topology.
  • the middle frame 2 is a metal frame structure, and one side of the middle frame 2 has a notch, which is preferably arranged on the side of the middle frame 2 in the length direction to correspond to the left side or right side of a terminal device such as a mobile phone, and has a larger available space than the side in the width direction.
  • the radiator 1 is arranged in the notch.
  • the radiator 1 extends along the extension direction of the side with the notch on the middle frame 2, and only the first end of the radiator 1 is connected to the middle frame 2. Among them, there is a first gap 3 between the second end of the radiator 1 and the middle frame 2, or there is a first gap 3 between the second end of the radiator 1 and the parasitic radiator (not shown) extending from the middle frame 2.
  • the antenna assembly When the first gap 3 is 0mm, that is, the radiator 1 is electrically connected to the middle frame 2, the antenna assembly will lose its antenna function; when the first gap 3 is less than 0.5mm, the efficiency of most frequency bands of the antenna is about -7.5dB, and the performance is poor; when the first gap 3 is greater than 3mm, the antenna occupies a large space and has poor practicality. Therefore, the range of the first gap 3 includes about 0.5mm to about 3mm, and the first gap 3 is usually set to about 2mm. Further, there is a second gap 5 between the side of the radiator 1 and the side of the middle frame 2.
  • the antenna assembly When the second gap 5 is 0mm, that is, the radiator 1 is electrically connected to the middle frame 2, the antenna assembly will lose its antenna function; when the second gap 5 is less than 0.5mm, the frequency band efficiency is about -8dB, and the antenna performance is poor; and when the second gap 5 is greater than 3mm, the antenna occupies a large space and has poor practicality. Therefore, the range of the second gap 5 includes about 0.5mm to about 3mm, and the second gap 5 is usually set to about 2mm. It should be noted that the first gap 3 and the second gap 5 are filled with insulating media around them, so that the radiator 1 is connected to the middle frame 2 and insulated from each other.
  • the feeding point 4 is arranged on the radiator 1. As shown in FIG1 , the feeding point 4 is arranged on a side of the radiator 1 close to the second gap 5, and the distance between the feeding point 4 and the second end of the radiator 1 is less than half of the length of the radiator.
  • the distance between the feeding point 4 and the second end of the radiator 1 ranges from about 0 mm to about 12.5 mm. Preferably, the distance between the feeding point 4 and the second end of the radiator 1 is about 6.3 mm.
  • the feed point 4 is also connected to a matching topology, which includes a first inductor, a third inductor and a second capacitor connected in series on a main line between the power supply and the feed point, and a third inductor and a second capacitor connected in series on the main line between the power supply and the feed point.
  • a second inductor and a first capacitor are arranged in parallel between the main line and the ground, and the second inductor and the first capacitor are connected to the main line, wherein the first capacitor is a variable capacitor.
  • the matching topology includes a series main circuit and two parallel branches, the first end of the series main circuit is electrically connected to the feeding point 4, and the second end of the series main circuit is electrically connected to the terminal device. From the first end to the second end of the series main circuit, a first inductor L1, a third inductor L3 and a second capacitor C2 are sequentially arranged, between the first inductor L1 and the third inductor L3, a first parallel branch is arranged near the first inductor L1, and the first parallel branch includes a second inductor L2, one end of the second inductor L2 is electrically connected to the series main circuit, and the other end is grounded, and a second parallel branch is arranged near the third inductor L3, and the second parallel branch includes a first capacitor C1, one end of the first capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the series main circuit, and the other end is grounded.
  • the first capacitor C1 is a variable capacitor, and its variable capacitance range can be set as needed, for example, the variable range of the first capacitor is set to about 0.2pF to about 3pF.
  • the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, and the third inductor L3 are all fixed values, and they can take any value within a preset value range as needed.
  • the preset value range of the first inductor L1 includes about 0.1nH to about 5nH
  • the preset value range of the second inductor L2 includes about 3nH to about 20nH
  • the preset value range of the third inductor L3 includes about 2nH to about 10nH.
  • the first inductor L1 or the second inductor L2 may further include an inductor group consisting of two or more fixed-value inductors, and one of the inductors in the inductor group is used to form a matching topology circuit through a single-pole double-throw or single-pole multi-throw switch to expand the applicable scenarios of the matching topology.
  • the antenna bandwidth is broadened by matching the topology, thereby achieving ultra-wideband coverage of about 1.4 GHz to about 6 GHz.
  • the performance of the antenna assembly is optimized.
  • the relationship between the antenna efficiency performance and the antenna structure and the matching topology is:
  • Rad Effic represents the antenna radiation efficiency
  • Tol Effic represents the total efficiency
  • Z(f) represents the antenna impedance
  • Z0 represents the antenna characteristic impedance
  • Za(f) represents the antenna input impedance
  • L1, L2, L3 represent the inductance values in the matching topology
  • C1 and C2 represent the capacitance values in the matching topology.
  • the antenna radiation efficiency Rad Effic varies with frequency.
  • the radiation efficiency is also uniquely determined. Its value can be obtained by actual measurement and simulation. Calculated.
  • the antenna input impedance Za changes with frequency.
  • the antenna impedance Za is uniquely determined, and its value can be obtained by actual measurement and simulation calculation.
  • the first capacitor C1 is a certain value, the antenna structure and other matching values such as the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the third inductor L3 and the second capacitor C2 are fixed.
  • the antenna structure and other matching values such as the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the third inductor L3 and the second capacitor C2 are fixed, and the value of each first capacitor C1 corresponds to a function of the total antenna efficiency Tol Effic changing with the frequency f.
  • the frequency ranges from about 1.4 GHz to about 6 GHz to achieve the preferred antenna efficiency Tol Effic .
  • the preferred C1 value based on each frequency point is the C1 value at which the maximum efficiency is taken when C1 gradually changes at each frequency point.
  • the relationship between the frequency point efficiency and C1 is that according to Equation 2 and Equation 3, when other values are known, the total efficiency corresponding to the C1 value can be calculated.
  • the length of the radiator is about 16 mm to about 25 mm.
  • the dielectric constant of a commonly used insulating medium is generally between 1 and 5.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ of the insulating medium as 3.6 as an example, according to equation 1, when the frequency f is about 1.5 GHz, the length of the radiator is about 25 mm; when the frequency f is about 1.7 GHz, the length of the radiator is about 23 mm; when the frequency f is about 2.1 GHz, the length of the radiator is about 16 mm.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ of the insulating medium as 2 when the frequency f is about 1.5 GHz, the length of the radiator is about 33.6 mm; when the frequency f is about 2.1 GHz, the length of the radiator is about 21 mm.
  • the range of the supported bandwidth includes approximately 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency to approximately 4 times the frequency of the first frequency.
  • the corresponding frequency of the first frequency point can be calculated by the following formula:
  • f represents the frequency of the first frequency point
  • C represents the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum
  • ⁇ represents the dielectric constant of the insulating medium
  • radiator length L 23 mm ( ⁇ is 3.6)
  • the antenna impedance is divided into five zones according to the equivalent wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency. Specifically, 7 points are marked to show the relationship between the length L of the radiator and the equivalent wavelength of the frequency point.
  • the corresponding relationship between the above-mentioned marked points and the frequency and the partition is as follows: Mark1 frequency point to Mark2 frequency point is zone I, Mark2 frequency point to Mark4 frequency point is zone II, Mark4 frequency point to Mark5 frequency point is zone III, Mark5 frequency point to Mark6 frequency point is zone IV, and Mark6 frequency point to Mark7 frequency point is zone V.
  • the Mark3 frequency is the first frequency
  • the equivalent wavelength of the Mark3 frequency is one quarter of the length of the radiator:
  • the frequency of Mark1 is 0.6 times that of Mark3:
  • the frequency of Mark2 is 0.85 times that of Mark3:
  • the frequency of Mark4 is 1.14 times that of Mark3:
  • the frequency of Mark5 is 1.5 times that of Mark3:
  • the frequency of Mark7 is 4 times that of Mark3:
  • the equivalent wavelength of the first frequency point is approximately one quarter of the length of the radiator, and the range of the supported bandwidth includes approximately 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency point to approximately 4 times the frequency of the first frequency point.
  • the antenna impedance is close to 50 ohms, which is a uniform characteristic impedance value. The closer the antenna impedance is to 50 ohms, the smaller the energy damage caused by reflection.
  • the frequency band includes the long-term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G (Sub 6G) communication technology, and other communication technologies except the low frequency band, and also includes the 2.4G and 5G frequency bands of wireless fidelity communication technology (WiFi), and also includes the satellite navigation positioning frequency band (1.56GHZ-1.604GHz frequency band) and the L band, S band, and B1 band in the satellite communication system.
  • the length of the radiator 1 when the length of the radiator 1 is a quarter wavelength of 1.5GHz, the length of the radiator 1 is 25mm, and the supported bandwidth range is approximately 0.9GHz to 6GHz.
  • the first gap 3 between the second end of the radiator 1 and the middle frame 2 is 1.5mm
  • the second gap 5 between the side of the radiator 1 and the side of the middle frame 2 is 2mm
  • the distance between the feed point 4 and the second end of the radiator 1 is 5mm
  • the first inductance L1 in the matching topology is 3nH
  • the second inductance L2 is 6nH
  • the third inductance L3 is 8nH
  • the second capacitance C2 is 0.6pF.
  • the frequency is from about 1.4GHz to about 6GHz, and the antenna efficiency Tol Effic is not less than -4db.
  • the preferred C1 value based on each frequency point is the C1 value at the maximum efficiency when C1 gradually changes from 0pF to 2.4pF at each frequency point.
  • the relationship between the frequency point efficiency and C1 is as follows: According to equation 2 and equation 3, when other values are known, the total efficiency corresponding to the C1 value can be calculated as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the length of the radiator 1 when the length of the radiator 1 is a quarter wavelength of 1.7GHz, the length of the radiator 1 is 23mm, and the supported bandwidth ranges from about 1GHz to 6.8GHz.
  • the first gap 3 between the second end of the radiator 1 and the middle frame 2 is 1.5mm
  • the second gap 5 between the side of the radiator 1 and the side of the middle frame 2 is 2mm
  • the distance between the feed point 4 and the second end of the radiator 1 is 6.3mm
  • the first inductance L1 in the matching topology is 2.9nH
  • the second inductance L2 is 8nH
  • the third inductance L3 is 7.5nH
  • the second capacitance C2 is 0.6pF.
  • the bandwidth coverage frequency band supported by the antenna assembly changes accordingly.
  • C1 in the frequency band from about 1.7GHz to about 2.4GHz, the efficiency of about 700MHz is greater than -3.5dB.
  • C1 is 0.8pF, the efficiency at about 250Hz is greater than -3dB in the frequency band of about 4.1GHz to about 4.35GHz, and at about 1370MHz is greater than -6dB in the frequency band of about 1.43GHZ to about 2.8GHz.
  • C1 is 1.8pF
  • the efficiency at about 850MHz is greater than -3.6dB in the frequency band of about 2.45GHz to about 3.3GHz. Based on the preferred C1 value for each frequency point, the frequency coverage from about 1.4GHz to about 6GHz is achieved, and the total antenna efficiency Tol Effic is shown in Figure 5.
  • the length of the radiator 1 when the length of the radiator 1 is a quarter wavelength of 2.1 GHz, the length of the radiator 1 is 16 mm, and the supported bandwidth range is approximately 1.26 GHz to 6 GHz.
  • the first gap 3 between the second end of the radiator 1 and the middle frame 2 is 1.5 mm
  • the second gap 5 between the side of the radiator 1 and the side of the middle frame 2 is 2 mm
  • the distance between the feed point 4 and the second end of the radiator 1 is 5.5 mm
  • the first inductor L1 in the matching topology is 2 nH
  • the second inductor L2 is 8 nH
  • the third inductor L3 is 6.5 nH
  • the second capacitor C2 is 0.5 pF
  • the first capacitor C1 gradually changes from 0 pF to 3 pF.
  • the antenna total efficiency Tol Effic is shown in FIG6. Based on the preferred C1 value of each frequency point, a frequency coverage of approximately 1.4 GHz to approximately 6 GHz can be achieved, and the antenna total efficiency Tol Effic is not less than -3.5 db.
  • the bandwidth can be effectively widened.
  • the realization of the antenna broadband performance is due to the adjustment of the input impedance by the antenna form and the matching topology.
  • the antenna radiation efficiency is not less than -2dB
  • the device is an ideal device
  • the total efficiency varies with the radiation efficiency and the reflection coefficient.
  • the worst total efficiency is not less than -3.5dB.
  • a radiator is arranged in the notch on the side of the middle frame, only one end of the radiator is connected to the middle frame, and the length of the radiator is a quarter wavelength of the first frequency point in the supported bandwidth, and a feeding point is arranged on the radiator, and the feeding point is connected to the matching topology, so as to achieve ultra-wideband coverage, which not only achieves the coverage of the frequency bands other than the low frequency of the long-term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G (Sub 6G) communication technology, and other communication technologies, but also achieves the coverage of the WiFi 2.4G and WiFi 5G frequency bands, as well as the coverage of the satellite navigation positioning frequency band (1.56GHZ-1.604GHz frequency band) and the L frequency band (1610MHz to 1626.5MHz), S frequency band (2483.5MHz to 2500MHz), and B1 frequency band (1559Hz to 1591MHz) in the satellite communication system.
  • the low frequency is a frequency band with a frequency lower than 1GHz.
  • the present invention also provides a control method for an antenna assembly, as shown in FIG7 , comprising:
  • the first inductance L1, the second inductance L2, the third inductance L3, the first capacitance C1, and the second capacitance C2 corresponding to the third overall efficiency T3 are read as the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A, where the length of the radiator is approximately one quarter of the wavelength of the first frequency point.
  • the first inductance L1 corresponding to the first overall efficiency T1 is read as the first target inductance L1A.
  • the first inductance L1, the second inductance L2, and the first capacitance C1 corresponding to the second overall efficiency T2 are read as the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, and the first target capacitance C1A.
  • one or more frequency sub-ranges are included between approximately 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency point and approximately 4 times the frequency of the first frequency point.
  • the topology circuit is adjusted respectively within the one or more frequency sub-ranges to obtain the overall threshold.
  • the overall threshold is not less than the threshold, at least one of the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3A, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A in the matching topology corresponding to the overall threshold is read.
  • the equivalent wavelength of the first frequency point is approximately one quarter of the length of the radiator, and the supported bandwidth ranges from approximately 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency point to approximately 4 times the frequency of the first frequency point.
  • the first capacitor includes a variable capacitor, and the variable range of the variable capacitor includes about 0 pF to about 4 pF.
  • the first capacitor C1 gradually changes from 0 pF to 1.8 pF, as the variable capacitor C1 changes, the bandwidth coverage frequency band supported by the antenna assembly changes accordingly.
  • the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the third inductor L3, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2 in the topological circuit are not necessarily pre-connected between the feed signal source and the antenna. They can be connected to the circuit after meeting the preset conditions, or they can be pre-connected to the circuit and then become a virtual equivalent circuit.
  • L1, L2, C1, and C2 can be physical components or virtual components.
  • control method of the antenna assembly further includes: receiving a signal; and adjusting the topology in response to at least one of the read first target inductance L1A, second target inductance L2A, third target inductance L3A, first target capacitance C1A, and second target capacitance C2A.
  • the matching topology is adjusted so that the frequency of the antenna assembly covers the support bandwidth, and the total efficiency of the antenna assembly within the support bandwidth is not less than a threshold.
  • the threshold can be set as needed, for example, the threshold value is about -5db to about -3db; or, the threshold value is about -5db to about -4db; or, the threshold value is about -5db.
  • adjusting the matching topology so that the frequency coverage support bandwidth of the antenna assembly includes: adjusting the variable capacitance in the matching topology so that the frequency of the antenna assembly covers about 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency point to about 4 times the frequency of the first frequency point.
  • adjusting the variable capacitance in the matching topology so that the frequency of the antenna assembly covers about 0.6 times the frequency of the first frequency point to about 4 times the frequency of the first frequency point includes: at the frequency point within the frequency band, when the variable capacitance is the preferred value, the input impedance of the antenna structure is closer to 50 ohms after the transformation of the matching topology, so as to reduce the reflection coefficient and improve the antenna efficiency.
  • a given preferred capacitance value can make the input impedance of the antenna structure closer to 50 ohms after the transformation of the matching topology, so as to reduce the reflection coefficient and improve the antenna efficiency. That is, at the frequency point within the frequency band, when the capacitance is this value, the reflection coefficient of the impedance after the matching transformation is the smallest, and the efficiency performance is the best.
  • the antenna impedance is divided into zone I, zone II, zone III, zone IV, and zone V according to the equivalent wavelength corresponding to the working frequency, so as to facilitate understanding of how to achieve that the input impedance of the antenna structure is closer to 50 ohms after the transformation of the matching topology.
  • the frequency range of zone I is 0.6 to 0.86 times of the first frequency point
  • the frequency range of zone II is 0.85 to 1.14 times of the first frequency point
  • the frequency range of zone III is 1.14 to 1.5 times of the first frequency point
  • the frequency range of zone IV is 1.5 to 2 times of the first frequency point
  • the frequency range of zone V is 2 to 4 times of the first frequency point.
  • the input impedance of the antenna structure undergoes a matching topology transformation, wherein the matching topology includes: the role of each device in the matching topology in the impedance change in each frequency band region is to set the first state of the matching topology as the initial state; the second state of the matching topology includes a first inductor connected in series; the third state of the matching topology includes a second inductor connected in parallel and a variable capacitor connected in parallel; the fourth state of the matching topology includes a third inductor connected in series and a second capacitor connected in parallel.
  • the matching topology includes: the role of each device in the matching topology in the impedance change in each frequency band region is to set the first state of the matching topology as the initial state; the second state of the matching topology includes a first inductor connected in series; the third state of the matching topology includes a second inductor connected in parallel and a variable capacitor connected in parallel; the fourth state of the matching topology includes a third inductor connected in series and a second capacitor connected in parallel
  • the functions of the first state, the second state, the third state, and the fourth state of the matching topology within the frequency range of zone I are further described as follows: from the first state to state 2, the inductor L1 is connected in series, which has little effect on the impedance of this zone. To state 3, the inductor L2 and the variable capacitor C1 are connected in parallel. The appropriate variable capacitor C1 value makes the inductor L2 and the capacitor C1 equivalent to a capacitor in parallel. This value makes the real part of the antenna impedance close to 50 ohms. To state 4, the inductor L3 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series, making the imaginary part of the antenna close to zero. In this way, the matching topology makes the antenna impedance close to 50 ohms.
  • the matching topology in the frequency range of zone II is in the first state, the second state, and the third state.
  • the functions of the state and the fourth state are further described as follows: the antenna is initially in state 1.
  • state 2 the inductor L1 is connected in series, which has little effect on the impedance of the region.
  • state 3 the inductor L2 and the variable capacitor C1 are connected in parallel.
  • the appropriate variable capacitor C1 value makes the inductor L2 and the capacitor C1 in parallel equivalent to an inductor. This value makes the real part of the antenna impedance close to 50 ohms.
  • the inductor L3 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series, making the imaginary part of the antenna close to zero.
  • the series capacitor does not affect the real impedance.
  • the antenna impedance is close to 50 ohms.
  • the antenna is initially in state 1.
  • state 2 the inductor L1 is connected in series, which increases the reactance of this zone.
  • state 3 the inductor L2 and the variable capacitor C1 are connected in parallel.
  • the appropriate variable capacitor C1 value makes the inductor L2 and C1 equivalent to an inductor in parallel. This value makes the antenna impedance close to the real part close to 50 ohms.
  • state 4 the inductor L3 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series, resonating in this frequency band. The series connection of L3 and C2 has little effect on the impedance.
  • the antenna is initially in state 1.
  • state 2 the inductor L1 is connected in series, and its reactance in this zone increases. As the frequency increases, the influence of the inductor L1 on the impedance gradually increases.
  • state 3 the inductor L2 and the variable capacitor C1 are connected in parallel.
  • the appropriate value of the variable capacitor C1 makes the inductor L2 and C1 in parallel equivalent to an inductor. This value makes the antenna impedance close to the real part close to 50 ohms.
  • state 4 the inductor L3 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series, which is inductive in this frequency band.
  • the antenna is initially in state 1.
  • state 2 the inductor L1 is connected in series, and its reactance to this zone increases.
  • state 3 the inductor L2 and the variable capacitor C1 are connected in parallel.
  • the appropriate variable capacitor C1 value makes the inductor L2 and C1 in parallel equivalent to a capacitor. This value makes the antenna impedance close to the real part close to 50 ohms.
  • state 4 the inductor L3 and the capacitor C2 are connected in series, and the impedance is close to 50 ohms in this frequency band.
  • the frequency range between approximately 0.6 times the first frequency and approximately 4 times the first frequency includes 5 frequency sub-ranges, wherein the first frequency sub-range includes the frequency range between approximately 0.6 times the first frequency and approximately 0.85 times the first frequency; the second frequency sub-range includes the frequency range between approximately 0.85 times the first frequency and approximately 1.14 times the first frequency; the third frequency sub-range includes the frequency range between approximately 1.14 times the first frequency and approximately 1.5 times the first frequency; the fourth frequency sub-range includes the frequency range between approximately 1.5 times the first frequency and approximately 2 times the first frequency; the fifth frequency sub-range includes the frequency range between approximately 2 times the first frequency and approximately 4 times the first frequency.
  • control method of the antenna assembly further includes:
  • adjusting the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna to obtain a maximum overall efficiency T11; in response to the minimum value in T11 being less than the threshold value, adjusting the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the first capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T21; in response to the minimum value in T21 being less than the threshold value, adjusting the third inductor L3 connected in series with the antenna and the second capacitor C2 connected in series with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T31; in response to the minimum value Tmin in T31 being not less than the threshold value; reading T31 and corresponding L1, L2, L3, C1, and C2;
  • adjusting the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna to obtain a maximum overall efficiency T12; in response to the minimum value in T12 being less than a threshold value, adjusting the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the variable capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T22; in response to the minimum value in T22 being less than a threshold value, adjusting the third inductor L3 connected in series with the antenna and the second capacitor C2 connected in series with the antenna to obtain an overall efficiency T32; in response to the minimum value Tmin in T32 being not less than a threshold value; reading T32 and corresponding L1, L2, L3, C1, and C2;
  • the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna is adjusted to obtain a maximum overall efficiency of T15; in response to the minimum value of T15 being less than a threshold, the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the variable capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna are adjusted to obtain an overall efficiency of T25; In response to the minimum value in T25 being less than the threshold, the third inductor L3 connected in series with the antenna and the second capacitor C2 connected in parallel with the antenna are adjusted to obtain the overall efficiency T35; in response to the minimum value Tmin in T35 being not less than the threshold; T35 and the corresponding L1, L2, C1, C2 are read;
  • the first inductance L1, the second inductance L2, the third inductance L3, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2 corresponding to these same total efficiencies are the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3A, the first target capacitor C1A, and the second target capacitor C2A.
  • the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna is adjusted to maximize the overall efficiency T11; in response to the minimum value of T11 being not less than a threshold, T11 and the corresponding L1 are read.
  • the first inductor L1 connected in series with the antenna is adjusted to maximize the overall efficiency T12; in response to the minimum value of T12 being less than a threshold, the second inductor L2 connected in parallel with the antenna and the variable capacitor C1 connected in parallel with the antenna are adjusted to obtain an overall efficiency T22; in response to the minimum value of T22 being not less than a threshold, T22 and the corresponding L1, L2, and C1 are read.
  • the overall impedance between the signal source and the antenna corresponding to the first target inductance L1A, the second target inductance L2A, the third target inductance L3A, the first target capacitance C1A, and the second target capacitance C2A is approximately 50 ohms.
  • the present disclosure also provides a terminal device, including at least one antenna assembly as described above, for example, the number of antenna assemblies is 2, 4, etc.
  • the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a message transceiver, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, a fitness device, a personal digital assistant, a translator, a watch, a bracelet, and other wearable devices.
  • the terminal device is a mobile phone.
  • mobile phones have more and more functions, such as GPS, Bluetooth, and WIFI, which are now integrated in mobile phones, and the number of antennas in mobile phones has also increased accordingly.
  • the example size of the mobile terminal is 80 mm wide and 150 mm long.
  • the mobile terminal includes four antenna components as described above.
  • the first antenna component is placed on the left side of the mobile terminal, about 20 mm from the top.
  • the second antenna component is placed in the top center of the mobile terminal, the third antenna unit is placed on the right side of the mobile terminal, about 20 mm from the top, and the fourth antenna unit is placed in the bottom center of the mobile terminal.
  • the antennas all have the above antenna structure and matching topology, support frequency band coverage from about 1.4GHz to about 6GHz, realize the coverage of long-term evolution (LTE) communication technology, 5G (Sub 6G) communication technology, and other communication technologies except low-frequency frequency bands, and also realize the coverage of WiFi 2.4G and WiFi 5G frequency bands, as well as the coverage of satellite navigation positioning frequency band (1.56GHZ-1.604GHz frequency band) and the coverage of L band, S band, and B1 band in satellite communication systems.
  • the antenna assembly can realize 4 ⁇ 4 MIMO supporting 4G or 5G and 2 ⁇ 2 MIMO or 4 ⁇ 4 MIMO of WiFi.
  • the four antenna components of the terminal device can be used as 4 ⁇ 4 MIMO antennas for WiFi, or two of the four antenna components can be selected as 2 ⁇ 2 MIMO antennas for WiFi according to the usage scenario of the mobile phone.
  • the mobile phone when the mobile phone is in a scenario where the head is close to the top antenna, two of the three antennas at the bottom, left, and right are selected as WiFi antennas; when the mobile phone is in a scenario where the left hand and the right hand are close to the two antennas on the side, the head and bottom antennas are selected as WiFi antennas; when the mobile phone is in a scenario where the two hands are close to the bottom and top antennas, the left and right antennas are selected as WiFi antennas.
  • the scenario selection includes but is not limited to the above examples.
  • scenario selection during WiFi application is to reduce the impact of specific usage scenarios such as the head and hands close to the antenna on the antenna performance by selecting two antennas with good performance from the four antennas. This will give users a good experience and reduce the radiation of the mobile phone to people.
  • one of the four antenna assemblies of the terminal device can be used as a communication antenna including L band, S band, and B1 band in a satellite navigation or communication system. It is also possible to select two antennas on the upper side and the right side to be used as communication antennas including L band, S band, and B1 band in a satellite navigation or communication system.
  • the upper and right antennas are placed vertically so that their phases differ by 90 degrees to achieve circular polarization.
  • the circular polarization is a polarization form of antenna generally used in satellite navigation or communication. Circular polarization transmits or receives twice as much energy as linear polarization.

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Abstract

一种天线组件及终端设备，该天线组件包括中框、辐射体和馈电点。中框的一个侧边具有缺口；辐射体的第一端与中框连接并且辐射体的第二端与中框之间具有第一缝隙，辐射体的侧边与中框的侧边之间具有第二缝隙，其中，辐射体的长度为支持带宽内的第一频点的大约四分之一波长；馈电点设置在辐射体上，馈电点连接至匹配拓扑。

Description

一种天线组件及其控制方法、终端设备 技术领域
本公开涉及通讯技术与设备领域，具体而言涉及一种天线组件及其控制方法、终端设备。
背景技术
天线是终端电子设备实现通讯功能所需的重要组件，天线的性能直接影响了终端设备整体的通讯性能与通讯质量。随着无线通信技术的快速发展，人们对智能终端设备的要求也越来越高。
天线的体积一直以来都是决定天线的带宽的一个至关重要的因素，天线尺寸越小，高度越低，带宽也就越窄，天线效率也就越低，如何在有限的空间里，在不增大天线体积的前提下，如何拓展天线的带宽是当今对天线设计的难点，也是主要工作任务。
公开内容
在公开内容部分中引入了一系列简化形式的概念，这将在具体实施方式部分中进一步详细说明。本公开的公开内容部分并不意味着要试图限定出所要求保护的技术方案的关键特征和必要技术特征，更不意味着试图确定所要求保护的技术方案的保护范围。
本公开提供了一种天线组件，包括：
中框(2)，所述中框的一个侧边具有缺口；
辐射体(1)，所述辐射体的第一端与所述中框连接并且所述辐射体的第二端与所述中框之间具有第一缝隙(3)，所述辐射体的侧边与所述中框的侧边之间具有第二缝隙(5)；其中，所述辐射体的长度为支持带宽内的第一频点的大约四分之一波长；及
馈电点(4)，所述馈电点设置在所述辐射体上，所述馈电点连接至匹配拓扑。
示例性地，当所述辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长时，所述支持带宽的范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率。
示例性地，当所述第一频点的范围包括大约1.5GHz至大约2.1GHz时，所述支持带宽范围包括大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz。
示例性地，当所述第一频点的范围包括大约1.5GHz至大约2.1GHz时，所述辐射体的长度为大约16mm至大约25mm。
示例性地，所述匹配拓扑包括在电源与所述馈电点之间的主线上串联的第一电感、第三电感和第二电容，以及在所述主线与地面之间并联设置的第二电感和第一电容，所述第二电感和所述第一电容连接至位于主线，其中，所述第一电容为可变电容。
示例性地，所述第一电感的取值范围包括大约0.1nH至大约5nH，所述第二电感的取值范围包括大约3nH至大约20nH，所述第三电感的取值范围包括大约2nH至大约10nH，所述第一电容的可变范围包括大约0pF至大约4pF。
示例性地，当所述第一电感为大约2.9nH，所述第二电感为大约8nH，所述第三电感为大约7.5nH，所述第二电容为大约0.6pF，所述第一电容的可变范围为大约0pF至大约2.2pF时，所述支持带宽的范围为大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz。
示例性地，所述辐射体的第二端与所述中框之间具有的第一缝隙的范围包括大约0.5mm至大约3mm，所述辐射体的侧边与所述中框的侧边之间具有的第二缝隙的范围包括大约0.5mm至大约3mm。
示例性地，所述馈电点与所述辐射体的第二端之间的距离小于所述辐射体长度的二分之一，所述馈电点与所述辐射体的第二端之间的距离的范围包括大约0mm至大约12.5mm。
示例性地，所述天线组件的辐射效率不小于-2dB，在所述支持带宽内，所述天线组件的总效率不小于-3.5dB。
本公开还提供了一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括如上所述的天线组件。
本发明还公开了一种天线组件的控制方法，包括：
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间且整体效率中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，获得第一总体效率T1；
响应于第一总体效率T1中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得第二总体效率T2；
响应于第二总体效率T2中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得第三总体效率T3；
响应于第三总体效率T3中的最小值不小于阈值，读取所述第三总体效率T3对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A，其中辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长。
示例性地，所述天线组件的控制方法还包括：
响应于第一总体效率T1中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第一总体效率T1对应的第一电感L1为第一目标电感L1A。
示例性地，所述天线组件的控制方法还包括：
响应于第二总体效率T2中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第二总体效率T2对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第一电容C1为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第一目标电容C1A。
示例性地，所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间包括一个或多个频率子范围，其中：
第一频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间；
第二频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间；
第三频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约1.14倍频率至所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率之间；
第四频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率至所述第一频点的大约2倍频率之间；
第五频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约2倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间。
示例性地，所述天线组件的控制方法还包括：
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T11；响应于T11中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T21；响应于T21中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感 L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T31；响应于T31中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T31以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T12；响应于T12中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T22；响应于T22中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联第三电感L3和与天线串联第二电容C2，获得总体效率T32；响应于T32中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T32以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约1.14倍频率至所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T13；响应于T13中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T23；响应于T23中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T33；响应于T33中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T33以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率至所述第一频点的大约2倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T14；响应于T14中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T24；响应于T24中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T34；响应于T34中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T34以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约2倍至所述第一频点的大约4倍之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T15；响应于T15中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T25；响应于T25中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联第三电感L3和与天线并联第二电容C2，获得总体效率T35；响应于T35中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T35以及对应的L1、L2、C1、C2；
读取T31、T32、T33、T34、T35中相同的总效率，并将这些相同总效率对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电 容C2读取为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A。
示例性地，响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T11；响应于T11中的最小值不小于阈值，读取T11以及对应的L1。
示例性地，响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T12；响应于T12中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T22；响应于T22中的最小值不小于阈值，读取T22以及对应的L1、L2、C1。
示例性地，所述天线组件的控制方法还包括：接收信号；
响应于读取的第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A至少之一，调整拓扑。
示例性地，所述第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A对应的信号源与天线之间的整体阻抗为大约50欧姆。
示例性地，所述第一电容包括可变电容，所述可变电容的可变范围包括大约0pF至大约4pF。
示例性地，所述阈值为大约-5db到大约-3db。
附图说明
本公开的下列附图在此作为本公开的一部分用于理解本公开。附图中示出了本公开的实施例及其描述，用来解释本公开的原理。
附图中：
图1为根据本公开一个实施例的天线组件的结构示意图；
图2为根据本公开一个实施例的匹配拓扑的结构示意图；
图3为根据本公开一个实施例的未加匹配拓扑的天线输入阻抗；
图4为根据本公开一个实施例的天线组件的效率；
图5为根据本公开另一个实施例的天线组件的效率；
图6为根据本公开又一个实施例的天线组件的效率；
图7为根据本公开一个实施例的天线组件控制方法的流程图；
图8为根据本公开一个实施例的匹配拓扑对I区天线阻抗的影响；
图9为根据本公开一个实施例的匹配拓扑对Ⅱ区天线阻抗的影响；
图10为根据本公开一个实施例的匹配拓扑对Ⅲ区天线阻抗的影响；
图11为根据本公开一个实施例的匹配拓扑对Ⅳ区天线阻抗的影响；
图12为根据本公开一个实施例的匹配拓扑对Ⅴ区天线阻抗的影响；
图13为根据本公开一个实施例的天线组件控制方法的流程图；
图14为根据本公开一个实施例的移动终端示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本公开更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，本公开可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本公开发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
为了彻底理解本公开，将在下列的描述中提出详细的描述，以说明本公开的天线组件和终端设备。显然，本公开的施行并不限于通讯技术与设备领域的技术人员所熟习的特殊细节。本公开的实施例详细描述如下，然而除了这些详细描述外，本公开还可以具有其他实施方式。
应予以注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施例，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施例。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式。此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或附加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组合。
现在，将参照附图更详细地描述根据本公开的示例性实施例。然而，这些示例性实施例可以多种不同的形式来实施，并且不应当被解释为只限于这里所阐述的实施例。应当理解的是，提供这些实施例是为了使得本公开的公开彻底且完整，并且将这些示例性实施例的构思充分传达给本领域普通技术人员。在附图中，为了清楚起见，夸大了层和区域的厚度，并且使用相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，因而将省略对它们的描述。
本公开提供了一种天线组件，参照图1，所述天线组件包括：
中框2，所述中框2的一个侧边具有缺口；
辐射体1，所述辐射体1的第一端与所述中框2连接并且所述辐射体1的第二端与所述中框2之间具有第一缝隙3，所述辐射体1的侧边与所述中框2的侧边之间具有第二缝隙5；其中，所述辐射体1的长度为支持带宽内的第一频点的大约四分之一波长；
馈电点，所述馈电点4设置在所述辐射体1上，所述馈电点4连接至匹配拓扑。
在一个实施例中，如图1所示，中框2为金属框结构，中框2的一个侧边具有缺口，该缺口通常优选地设置在中框2长度方向所在的侧边上，以对应终端设备例如手机的左侧边或者右侧边，相较于宽度方向所在的侧边而言可供利用的空间更大。辐射体1则设置于所述缺口中。
继续参照图1，辐射体1沿中框2上具有缺口的侧边的延伸方向延伸，辐射体1仅第一端与中框2连接。其中，辐射体1的第二端与中框2之间具有第一缝隙3，或者，辐射体1的第二端与从所述中框2延伸出的寄生辐射体(未示出)之间具有第一缝隙3。当第一缝隙3为0mm时，即，辐射体1与中框2电连接，会导致天线组件失去天线功能；当第一缝隙3小于0.5mm时，天线大部分频段效率在-7.5dB左右，性能较差；当第一缝隙3大于3mm时，天线占据较大空间，实用性差。因此第一缝隙3的范围包括大约0.5mm至大约3mm，通常将第一缝隙3设置为大约2mm。进一步，辐射体1的侧边与中框2的侧边之间具有第二缝隙5。当第二缝隙5为0mm时，即，辐射体1与中框2电连接，会导致天线组件失去天线功能；当第二缝隙5小于0.5mm时，分频段效率在-8dB左右，天线性能较差；而当第二缝隙5大于3mm时，天线占据较大空间，实用性差。因此第二缝隙5的范围包括大约0.5mm至大约3mm，通常将第二缝隙5设置为大约2mm。需要说明的是，第一缝隙3和第二缝隙5的周围均填充有绝缘介质，使辐射体1与中框2连接并相互绝缘。
进一步地，馈电点4设置在所述辐射体1上，如图1所示，馈电点4设置在辐射体1上靠近第二缝隙5的一侧，并且馈电点4与辐射体1的第二端之间的距离小于辐射体长度的二分之一，馈电点4与辐射体1的第二端的距离范围包括大约0mm至大约12.5mm，优选地，馈电点4与辐射体1的第二端距离大约为6.3mm。
示例性地，馈电点4还连接至匹配拓扑，所述匹配拓扑包括在电源与所述馈电点之间的主线上串联的第一电感、第三电感和第二电容，以及在所述 主线与地面之间并联设置的第二电感和第一电容，所述第二电感和所述第一电容连接至位于主线，其中，所述第一电容为可变电容。
在一个实施例中，如图2所示，匹配拓扑包括一个串联主路和两个并联支路，所述串联主路的第一端与馈电点4电连接，所述串联主路的第二端与终端设备电连接，在串联主路的第一端至第二端，依次设置有第一电感L1、第三电感L3和第二电容C2，在第一电感L1和第三电感L3之间，靠近第一电感L1设置有第一并联支路，该第一并联支路包括第二电感L2，第二电感L2的一端与串联主路电连接，另一端接地，靠近第三电感L3设置有第二并联支路，该第二并联支路包括第一电容C1，第一电容C1的一端与串联主路电连接，另一端接地。
在一个实施例中，第一电容C1为可变电容，其电容可变范围可以根据需要进行设置，例如将第一电容的可变范围设置为大约0.2pF至大约3pF。第一电感L1、第二电感L2和第三电感L3均为固定值，其可以根据需要在预设的取值范围内取任意值。其中，所述第一电感L1的预设取值范围包括大约0.1nH至大约5nH，所述第二电感L2的预设取值范围包括大约3nH至大约20nH，所述第三电感L3的预设取值范围包括大约2nH至大约10nH。
在一个实施例中，所述第一电感L1或所述第二电感L2还可以包括由两个或更多个定值电感组成的电感组，通过单刀双掷或单刀多掷开关使电感组中电感之一用于形成匹配拓扑电路，以扩大所述匹配拓扑的适用场景。
示例性地，通过匹配拓扑展宽天线带宽，从而实现大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz的超宽带覆盖。
在一个实施例中，当上述天线结构与拓扑结构匹配时，使得天线组件的性能达到最佳。其中，天线效率性能与天线结构、匹配拓扑的关系为：
其中，RadEffic表示天线辐射效率，TolEffic表示总效率，Z(f)表示天线阻抗，Z0表示天线特征阻抗。
其中，Za(f)表示天线输入阻抗，L1、L2、L3表示匹配拓扑中的电感值，C1、C2表示匹配拓扑中的电容值。
在一个实施例中，天线辐射效率RadEffic随频率变化而变化，当天线结构和材料物理属性确定时，辐射效率也是唯一确定的。其值可由实测和仿真 计算得到。天线输入阻抗Za随频率变化而变化，当天线结构和材料属性确定时，天线阻抗Za是唯一确定的，其值可由实测和仿真计算得到。当第一电容C1为确定值时，天线结构和其它匹配值如第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3和第二电容C2固定。当第一电容C1变化时，天线结构和其它匹配值如第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3和第二电容C2固定，每个第一电容C1的值对应一个天线总效率TolEffic随频率f变化的函数。基于每个频点优选的C1值时，频率从约1.4GHz至大约6GHz，实现优选的天线效率TolEffic。所述基于每个频点优选的C1值为，每个频点C1渐变时取最大效率时的C1值。所述频点效率与C1的关系为，根据等式2和等式3，在其它值已知的情况下，可计算出C1值对应的总效率。
示例性地，当所述第一频点的范围包括大约1.5GHz至大约2.1GHz时，所述辐射体的长度为大约16mm至大约25mm。
在一个实施例中，常用绝缘介质的介电常数通常在1到5之间。以绝缘介质的介电常数ε为3.6为例，根据等式1，当频率f为大约1.5GHz时，辐射体的长度大约为25mm；当频率f为大约1.7GHz时，辐射体的长度大约为23mm；当频率f为大约2.1GHz时，辐射体的长度大约为16mm。以绝缘介质的介电常数ε为2为例，根据等式1，当频率f为大约1.5GHz时，辐射体的长度大约为33.6mm；当频率f为大约2.1GHz时，辐射体的长度大约为21mm。
示例性地，当所述辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长时，所述支持带宽的范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率。
在一个实施例中，根据频率与波长的关系当辐射体的长度L为第一频点的四分之一波长时，对应的第一频点的频率可由下式计算：
其中，f表示第一频点的频率，C表示电磁波在真空中的传播速度，ε表示绝缘介质的介电常数，λ＝4×L为该频点在介质中的波长。
在一个实施例中，当第一频点的频率为dλ＝4L时，可以实现0.6×dλ＝4L到4×fλ＝4L频段的覆盖，即，支持带宽的范围包括(0.6×fλ＝4L，4×fλ＝4L)。
在一个实施例中，当辐射体长度L＝23mm时(ε为3.6)，其fλ＝4L约等于1.7GHz，其支持带宽的范围(0.6×fλ＝4L，4×fλ＝4L)为大约1GHz 到大约6.8Ghz。
在一个实施例中，如图3所示，辐射体长度为L时，将天线阻抗按工作频率对应等效波长分五个区。具体地，辐射体的长度L与频点等效波长的关系标注7个点，上述标注点与频率和分区的对应关系为：Mark1频点到Mark2频点为Ⅰ区，Mark2频点到Mark4频点为Ⅱ区，Mark4频点到Mark5频点为Ⅲ区，Mark5频点到Mark6频点为Ⅳ区，Mark6频点到Mark7频点为Ⅴ区。上述5区，经匹配拓扑后可实现0.6×fλ＝4L到4×fλ＝4L频段的覆盖。
其中，Mark3频点为第一频点，Mark3频点的等效波长为辐射体长度的四分之一：
Mark1频点的频率为Mark3频点的频率的0.6倍：
Mark2频点的频率为Mark3频点的频率的0.85倍：
Mark4频点的频率为Mark3频点的频率的1.14倍：
Mark5频点的频率为Mark3频点的频率的1.5倍：
Mark6频点的频率为Mark3频点的频率的2倍：
Mark7频点的频率为Mark3频点的频率的4倍：
因此，当辐射体长度为L时，第一频点的等效波长为辐射体长度的大约四分之一，所述支持带宽的范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率。
至此实现0.6×fλ＝4L到4×fλ＝4L的覆盖频段的覆盖可进一步表述为，经匹配后使0.6×fλ＝4L到4×fλ＝4L频段的阻抗尽量接近50欧姆，以降低能 量反射，提高天线的总效率。所述天线阻抗接近50欧姆，50欧姆为统一的特征阻抗值，天线阻抗接越近50欧姆反射导致的能量损坏越小。
在一个实施例中，所述实现频段0.6×fλ＝4L到4×fλ＝4L带宽具体应用终端为实现频段1.4GHz到6GHz的带宽覆盖。该频段包括长期演进(LTE)通信技术、5G(Sub 6G)通信技术、等其他通信技术除低频以外频段，也包括无线保真通信技术(WiFi)的2.4G、5G频段，还包括卫星导航定位频段(1.56GHZ-1.604GHz频段)和卫星通信系统中L频段、S频段、B1频段。
在一个实施例中，当辐射体1的长度为1.5GHz的四分之一波长，辐射体1的长度为25mm，支持带宽的范围大约为0.9GHz～6GHz。辐射体1的第二端与中框2之间的第一缝隙3为1.5mm，辐射体1的侧边与中框2的侧边之间的第二缝隙5为2mm，馈电点4与辐射体1的第二端的距离为5mm，匹配拓扑中第一电感L1为3nH，第二电感L2为6nH，第三电感L3为8nH，第二电容C2为0.6pF。第一电容C1从0pF至2.4pF渐变时，基于每个频点优选的C1值时，频率从约1.4GHz至大约6GHz，天线效率TolEffic不小于-4db。所述基于每个频点优选的C1值为，每个频点C1从0pF至2.4pF渐变时取最大效率时的C1值。所述频点效率与C1的关系为，根据等式2和等式3，在其它值已知的情况下，可计算出C1值对应的总效率如图4所示。
在一个实施例中，当辐射体1的长度为1.7GHz的四分之一波长，辐射体1的长度为23mm，支持带宽的范围大约为1GHz～6.8GHz。辐射体1的第二端与中框2之间的第一缝隙3为1.5mm，辐射体1的侧边与中框2的侧边之间的第二缝隙5为2mm，馈电点4与辐射体1的第二端的距离为6.3mm，匹配拓扑中第一电感L1为2.9nH，第二电感L2为8nH，第三电感L3为7.5nH，第二电容C2为0.6pF。第一电容C1的从0pF至1.8pF渐变时，随着可变电容C1的变化，天线组件支持的带宽覆盖频段相应变化。具体地，当C1为0pF时，在大约1.7GHz至大约2.4GHz频段内，大约700MHz的效率大于-3.5dB。当C1为0.8pF时，在大约4.1GHz至大约4.35GHz频段内，大约250Hz的效率大于-3dB，同时，在大约1.43GHZ至大约2.8GHz频段内，大约1370MHz的效率大于-6dB。当C1为1.8pF时，在大约2.45GHz至大约3.3GHz频段内，大约850MHz的效率大于-3.6dB。基于每个频点优选的C1值，实现了大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz的频率覆盖，天线总效率TolEffic如图5所示。
在一个实施例中，当辐射体1的长度为2.1GHz的四分之一波长，辐射体1的长度为16mm，支持带宽的范围大约为1.26GHz～6GHz。辐射体1的第二端与中框2之间的第一缝隙3为1.5mm，辐射体1的侧边与中框2的侧边之间的第二缝隙5为2mm，馈电点4与辐射体1的第二端的距离为5.5mm，匹配拓扑中第一电感L1为2nH，第二电感L2为8nH，第三电感L3为6.5nH，第二电容C2为0.5pF，第一电容C1的从0pF至3pF渐变时，根据等式2和等式3，天线总效率TolEffic如图6所示，基于每个频点优选的C1值，可实现大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz的频率覆盖，天线总效率TolEffic不小于-3.5db。
在本公开中，通过改变匹配拓扑中的一个电容值，可以有效展宽带宽。天线宽带性能的实现得益于天线形式和匹配拓扑对输入阻抗的调整。
在上述天线组件中，天线辐射效率不小于-2dB，器件为理想器件，总效率随辐射效率和反射系数变化。基于每个频点优选的C1值，在大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz频带内，总效率最差不小于-3.5dB。
根据本公开提供的天线组件，通过在中框侧边的缺口内设置辐射体，该辐射体仅一端与所述中框连接，并且该辐射体的长度为支持带宽内第一频点的四分之一波长，在该辐射体上设置有馈电点，该馈电点连接至匹配拓扑，实现了超宽带覆盖，这不仅实现长期演进(LTE)通信技术、5G(Sub 6G)通信技术、等其他通信技术除低频以外频段的覆盖，还实现了对WiFi 2.4G、WiFi 5G频段的覆盖，以及对卫星导航定位频段(1.56GHZ-1.604GHz频段)的覆盖和卫星通信系统中L频段(1610MHz至1626.5MHz)、S频段(2483.5MHz至2500MHz)、B1频段(1559Hz至1591MHz)的覆盖。所述低频为频率低于1GHz的频段。
本发明还提供了一种天线组件的控制方法，如图7所示，包括：
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间且整体效率中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，获得第一总体效率T1；
响应于第一总体效率T1中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得第二总体效率T2；
响应于第二总体效率T2中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三 电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得第三总体效率T3；
响应于第三总体效率T3中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第三总体效率T3对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A，其中辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长。
进一步，响应于第一总体效率T1中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第一总体效率T1对应的第一电感L1为第一目标电感L1A。
进一步，响应于第二总体效率T2中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第二总体效率T2对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第一电容C1为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第一目标电容C1A。
其中，所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间包括一个或多个频率子范围，在所述一个或多个频率子范围内分别调整拓扑电路以获得总体阈值，当总体阈值不小于阈值时，读取该总体阈值对应的匹配拓扑中第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A至少之一。
在一个实施例中，当辐射体长度为L时，第一频点的等效波长为辐射体长度的大约四分之一，所述支持带宽的范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率。
在一个实施例中，第一电容包括可变电容，所述可变电容的可变范围包括大约0pF至大约4pF。第一电容C1的从0pF至1.8pF渐变时，随着可变电容C1的变化，天线组件支持的带宽覆盖频段相应变化。
在一个实施例中，拓扑电路中的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2不一定预先接入馈电信号源和天线之间，其可以在满足预设条件后接入电路，也可以是预先接入电路后，虚拟等效电路。其中，L1、L2、C1、C2可以是实体元件也可以是虚拟元件。
示例性地，所述天线组件的控制方法还包括：接收信号；响应于读取的第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A至少之一，调整拓扑。
在一个实施例中，当辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长时，调节匹配拓扑，以使天线组件的频率覆盖支持带宽，并且在所述支持带宽内所述天线组件的总效率不小于阈值。所述阈值可以根据需要进行设置，例 如，阈值为大约-5db到大约-3db；或者，阈值为大约-5db到大约-4db；或者，阈值为大约-5db。
在一个实施例中，调节匹配拓扑，以使天线组件的频率覆盖支持带宽包括：调节匹配拓扑中的可变电容，以使天线组件的频率覆盖所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率。其中，调节匹配拓扑中的可变电容，以使天线组件的频率覆盖所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率包括：所述频段内的频点，可变电容为优选值时，天线结构的输入阻抗经过匹配拓扑的变换后更接近50欧姆，以降低反射系数并提升天线效率。具体地，从第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率的频段范围内，给定优选的电容值都可以使天线结构的输入阻抗经过匹配拓扑的变换后更接近50欧姆，以降低反射系数并提升天线效率。即，所述频段内的频点，当电容为该值时，匹配变换后阻抗的反射系数最小，效率性能最优。
在一个实施例中，参照图3，将天线阻抗按工作频率对应等效波长分为Ⅰ区，Ⅱ区，Ⅲ区，Ⅳ区，Ⅴ区，以方便理解如何实现天线结构的输入阻抗经过匹配拓扑的变换后更接近50欧姆。其中，Ⅰ区频率范围为第一频点的0.6倍到0.86倍，Ⅱ区频率范围为第一频点的0.85倍到1.14倍，Ⅲ区频率范围为第一频点的1.14倍到1.5倍，Ⅳ区频率范围为第一频点的1.5倍到2倍，Ⅴ区频率范围为第一频点的2倍到4倍。
在一个实施例中，所述天线结构的输入阻抗经过匹配拓扑的变换中的匹配拓扑，包括：匹配拓扑中的各器件在各频段区域阻抗变化中所起作用将所述匹配拓扑的第一状态为初始状态；所述匹配拓扑的第二状态包括串联第一电感；所述匹配拓扑的第三状态包括并联第二电感和并联可变电容；所述匹配拓扑的第四状态包括串联第三电感和第二电容。以方便理解如何实现天线结构的输入阻抗经过匹配拓扑的变换后更接近50欧姆。
如图8所示，所述Ⅰ区频率范围内匹配拓扑第一状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态所起作用进一步表述为：第一状态至状态2，串联电感L1，其对该区阻抗影响较小。至状态3，并联电感L2和并联可变电容C1。合适的可变电容C1值使电感L2与电容C1并联等效为电容。该值使天线阻抗实部接近50欧姆。至状态4，串联电感L3和电容C2，使天线虚部接近零。这样，匹配拓扑使天线阻抗接近50欧姆。
如图9所示，所述Ⅱ区频率范围内匹配拓扑第一状态、第二状态、第三 状态、第四状态所起作用进一步表述为：天线初始如状态1。至状态2，串联电感L1，其对该区阻抗影响较小。至状态3，并联电感L2和并联可变电容C1。合适的可变电容C1值使电感L2与电容C1并联等效为电感。该值使天线阻抗实部接近50欧姆。至状态4，串联电感L3和电容C2，使天线虚部接近零。串联电容不影响实部阻抗。天线阻抗接近50欧姆。
如图10所示，所述Ⅲ区频率范围内匹配拓扑第一状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态所起作用进一步表述为：天线初始如状态1。至状态2，串联电感L1，其对该区电抗增加。至状态3，并联电感L2和并联可变电容C1。合适的可变电容C1值使电感L2与C1并联等效为电感。该值使天线阻抗接近实部接近50欧姆。至状态4，串联电感L3和电容C2，在该频段区谐振。串联L3和C2对阻抗影响较小。
如图11所示，所述Ⅳ区频率范围内匹配拓扑第一状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态所起作用进一步表述为：天线初始如状态1。至状态2，串联电感L1，其对该区电抗增加。随着频率增加，电感L1对阻抗的影响逐渐增大。至状态3，并联电感L2和并联可变电容C1。合适的可变电容C1值使电感L2与C1并联等效为电感。该值使天线阻抗接近实部接近50欧姆。至状态4，串联电感L3和电容C2，在该频段区程感性。
如图12所示，所述Ⅳ区频率范围内匹配拓扑第一状态、第二状态、第三状态、第四状态所起作用进一步表述为：天线初始如状态1。至状态2，串联电感L1，其对该区电抗增加。至状态3，并联电感L2和并联可变电容C1。合适的可变电容C1值使电感L2与C1并联等效为电容。该值使天线阻抗接近实部接近50欧姆。至状态4，串联电感L3和电容C2，在该频段区程感性。使阻抗接近50欧姆。
在一个实施例中，所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间包括5个频率子范围，其中，第一频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间；第二频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间；第三频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约1.14倍频率至所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率之间；第四频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率至所述第一频点的大约2倍频率之间；第五频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约2倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间。
在一个实施例中，如图13所示，所述天线组件的控制方法还包括：
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T11；响应于T11中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T21；响应于T21中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T31；响应于T31中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T31以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T12；响应于T12中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T22；响应于T22中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联第三电感L3和与天线串联第二电容C2，获得总体效率T32；响应于T32中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T32以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约1.14倍频率至所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T13；响应于T13中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T23；响应于T23中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T33；响应于T33中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T33以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率至所述第一频点的大约2倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T14；响应于T14中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T24；响应于T24中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T34；响应于T34中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T34以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约2倍至所述第一频点的大约4倍之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T15；响应于T15中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T25；响 应于T25中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联第三电感L3和与天线并联第二电容C2，获得总体效率T35；响应于T35中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T35以及对应的L1、L2、C1、C2；
读取T31、T32、T33、T34、T35中相同的总效率，并将这些相同总效率对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A。
在一个实施例中，响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T11；响应于T11中的最小值不小于阈值，读取T11以及对应的L1。
在一个实施例中，响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T12；响应于T12中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T22；响应于T22中的最小值不小于阈值，读取T22以及对应的L1、L2、C1。
在一个实施例中，第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A对应的信号源与天线之间的整体阻抗为大约50欧姆。
本公开还提供了一种终端设备，包括至少一个如上所述的天线组件，例如天线组件的数量为2个、4个等。其中，终端设备可以是移动电话，计算机，数字广播终端，消息收发设备，游戏控制台，平板设备，医疗设备，健身设备，个人数字助理、翻译机、手表、手环等可穿戴设备等。在本实施例中，终端设备为手机。目前手机功能越来越多，GPS，蓝牙，WIFI目前都已集成在手机上，手机中的天线个数也随之增加。
在一个实施例中，如图14所示，手机终端示例尺寸为宽80mm，长150mm。所述手机终端包括4个如上所述的天线组件。其中，第一天线组件放置于手机终端的左侧，距离顶部大约20mm。第二天线组件放置于手机终端的顶部中央，第三天线单元放置于手机终端的右侧，距离顶部大约20mm，第四天线单元放置于手机终端的底部中央。其中，4个天线中每个 天线都具有上述天线结构和匹配拓扑，支持大约1.4GHz到大约6GHz频段覆盖，实现长期演进(LTE)通信技术、5G(Sub 6G)通信技术、等其他通信技术除低频以外频段的覆盖，还实现了对WiFi 2.4G、WiFi 5G频段的覆盖，以及对卫星导航定位频段(1.56GHZ-1.604GHz频段)的覆盖和卫星通信系统中L频段、S频段、B1频段的覆盖。天线组件可实现支持4G或5G的4×4MIMO和WiFi的2×2MIMO或4×4MIMO。
在一个实施例中，可以使用终端设备的4个天线组件作为WiFi的4×4MIMO天线，也可根据手机的使用场景选择四个天线组件中的两个作为WiFi的2×2MIMO天线。具体地，当手机为头部靠近顶部天线场景，选择底部、左侧、右侧三天线中的两个作为WiFi天线；当手机为左手和右手靠近侧边两天线场景，选择头部、底部两天线作为WiFi天线；当手机为两手靠近底部和顶部天线场景，选择左侧、右侧两天线作为WiFi天线。所述场景选择包括但不限于以上举例。WiFi应用时的使用场景选择目的是通过在四个天线中选择两个性能好的天线，减少人头和人手靠近天线等具体使用场景对天线性能的影响。这会使用户获得好的体验，并降低手机对人辐射。
在一个实施例中，可以使用终端设备的4个天线组件中的1个用做卫星导航或通信系统中包括L频段，S频段，B1频段的通信天线。也可以选择上侧和右侧两天线，用做卫星导航或通信系统中包括L频段，S频段，B1频段的通信天线。当选择上侧和右侧两天线用作卫星导航或通信系统中的天线时，垂直放置的上侧和右侧天线，使其相位相差90度以实现圆极化。所述圆极化为在卫星导航或通信中一般采用的天线极化形式。圆极化相对于线极化，其发射或接收的能量要多一倍。同理，也可以选择上侧和左侧两天线、下侧和左侧两天线、下侧和右侧两天线用作卫星导航或通信系统中的天线。
本公开已经通过上述实施例进行了说明，但应当理解的是，上述实施例只是用于举例和说明的目的，而非意在将本公开限制于所描述的实施例范围内。此外本领域技术人员可以理解的是，本公开并不局限于上述实施例，根据本公开的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改，这些变型和修改均落在本公开所要求保护的范围以内。本公开的保护范围由附属的权利要求书及其等效范围所界定。
附图标记：
1、辐射体                          2、中框
3、第一缝隙                        4、馈电点
5、第二缝隙。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种天线组件，其特征在于，包括：
    中框(2)，所述中框的一个侧边具有缺口；
    辐射体(1)，所述辐射体的第一端与所述中框连接并且所述辐射体的第二端与所述中框之间具有第一缝隙(3)，所述辐射体的侧边与所述中框的侧边之间具有第二缝隙(5)；其中，所述辐射体的长度为支持带宽内的第一频点的大约四分之一波长；以及
    馈电点(4)，所述馈电点设置在所述辐射体上，所述馈电点连接至匹配拓扑。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线组件，其特征在于，当所述辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长时，所述支持带宽的范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的天线组件，其特征在于，当所述第一频点的范围包括大约1.5GHz至大约2.1GHz时，所述支持带宽范围包括大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，当所述第一频点的范围包括大约1.5GHz至大约2.1GHz时，所述辐射体的长度为大约16mm至大约25mm。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述匹配拓扑包括在电源与所述馈电点之间的主线上串联的第一电感、第三电感和第二电容，以及在所述主线与地面之间并联设置的第二电感和第一电容，所述第二电感和所述第一电容连接至位于主线，其中，所述第一电容为可变电容。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一电感的取值范围包括大约0.1nH至大约5nH，所述第二电感的取值范围包括大约3nH至大约20nH，所述第三电感的取值范围包括大约2nH至大约10nH，所述第一电容的可变范围包括大约0pF至大约4pF，所述第二电容的预设取值范围0.2pF到约1.5pF。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，当所述第一电感为大约2.9nH，所述第二电感为大约8nH，所述第三电感为大约7.5nH，所述第二电容为大约0.6pF，所述第一电容的可变范围为大约0pF至大约2.2pF时，所述支持带宽的范围为大约1.4GHz至大约6GHz。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述辐射体的第二端与所述中框之间具有的第一缝隙的范围包括大约0.5mm至大约3mm，所述辐射体的侧边与所述中框的侧边之间具有的第二缝隙的范围包括大约0.5mm至大约3mm。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述馈电点与所述辐射体的第二端之间的距离小于所述辐射体长度的二分之一，所述馈电点与所述辐射体的第二端之间的距离的范围包括大约0mm至大约12.5mm。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件的辐射效率不小于-2dB，在所述支持带宽内，所述天线组件的总效率不小于-3.5dB。
  11. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的天线组件。
  12. 一种天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    响应于接收或发射信号的频率为第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间且整体效率中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，获得第一总体效率T1；
    响应于第一总体效率T1中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得第二总体效率T2；
    响应于第二总体效率T2中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得第三总体效率T3；
    响应于第三总体效率T3中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第三总体效率T3对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A，其中辐射体的长度为第一频点的大约四分之一波长。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    响应于第一总体效率T1中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第一总体效率T1对应的第一电感L1为第一目标电感L1A。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    响应于第二总体效率T2中的最小值不小于阈值，读取第二总体效率T2对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第一电容C1为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第一目标电容C1A。
  15. 如权利要求12-14中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间包括一个或多个频率子范围，其中：
    第一频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间；
    第二频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间；
    第三频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约1.14倍频率至所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率之间；
    第四频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率至所述第一频点的大约2倍频率之间；
    第五频率子范围包括所述第一频点的大约2倍频率至所述第一频点的大约4倍频率之间。
  16. 如权利要求12-15中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T11；响应于T11中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T21；响应于T21中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T31；响应于T31中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T31以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
    响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一频点的大约1.14之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T12；响应于T12中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T22；响应于T22中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联第三电感L3和与天线串联第二电容C2，获得总体效率T32；响应于T32中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T32以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
    响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约1.14倍频率至所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T13；响应于T13中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T23；响应于T23中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T33；响应于T33中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T33以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
    响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约1.5倍频率至所述第一频点的大约2倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T14；响应于T14中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联第一电容C1，获得总体效率T24；响应于T24中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第三电感L3和与天线串联的第二电容C2，获得总体效率T34；响应于T34中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T34以及对应的L1、L2、L3、C1、C2；
    响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约2倍至所述第一频点的大约4倍之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T15；响应于T15中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T25；响应于T25中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联第三电感L3和与天线并联第二电容C2，获得总体效率T35；响应于T35中的最小值Tmin不小于阈值；读取T35以及对应的L1、L2、C1、C2；
    读取T31、T32、T33、T34、T35中相同的总效率，并将这些相同总效率对应的第一电感L1、第二电感L2、第三电感L3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2读取为第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A。
  17. 如权利要求12-16中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.6倍频率至所述第一频点的大约0.85倍频率之间且总体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T11；响应于T11中的最小值不小于阈值，读取T11以及对应的L1。
  18. 如权利要求12-17中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，响应于接收或发射信号的频率为所述第一频点的大约0.85至所述第一 频点的大约1.14之间且整体效率T中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线串联的第一电感L1，最大总体效率T12；响应于T12中的最小值小于阈值，调整与天线的并联第二电感L2和与天线并联可变电容C1，获得总体效率T22；响应于T22中的最小值不小于阈值，读取T22以及对应的L1、L2、C1。
  19. 如权利要求12-18中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收信号；
    响应于读取的第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A至少之一，调整拓扑。
  20. 如权利要求12-19中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一目标电感L1A、第二目标电感L2A、第三目标电感L3A、第一目标电容C1A、第二目标电容C2A对应的信号源与天线之间的整体阻抗为大约50欧姆。
  21. 如权利要求12-20中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一电容包括可变电容，所述可变电容的可变范围包括大约0pF至大约4pF。
  22. 如权利要求12-21中任一项中任一项所述的天线组件的控制方法，其特征在于，所述阈值为大约-5db到大约-3db。
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