WO2025001072A1 - 储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站 - Google Patents

储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025001072A1
WO2025001072A1 PCT/CN2024/072466 CN2024072466W WO2025001072A1 WO 2025001072 A1 WO2025001072 A1 WO 2025001072A1 CN 2024072466 W CN2024072466 W CN 2024072466W WO 2025001072 A1 WO2025001072 A1 WO 2025001072A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
switch
module
storage valve
power module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/072466
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庄严
郭自德
余东旭
卢艳华
赵慧文
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Contemporary Amperex Future Energy Research Institute (Shanghai) Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Contemporary Amperex Future Energy Research Institute (Shanghai) Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd, Contemporary Amperex Future Energy Research Institute (Shanghai) Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP24829735.0A priority Critical patent/EP4734319A1/en
Publication of WO2025001072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025001072A1/zh
Priority to US19/400,584 priority patent/US20260081468A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/1081—Modifications for selective or back-up protection; Correlation between feeder and branch circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/14—Balancing load and power generation in DC networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/663—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular relates to an energy storage valve submodule, an energy storage valve and an energy storage station.
  • the fault handling means of the relevant technology are only the power module electronic bypass and bypass switch action, the system has to be shut down for maintenance, and the system availability is low.
  • the present application provides an energy storage valve submodule, an energy storage valve and an energy storage station, aiming to solve the problems of low maintenance safety and low system availability in related high-pressure direct-mounted energy storage systems.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an energy storage valve submodule, comprising an energy storage module, a power module and a switch module; the power module is connected to the energy storage module through the switch module, or the power module is disconnected from the electrical connection with the energy storage module through the switch module, thereby forming electrical isolation.
  • the energy storage valve submodule can disconnect the power module from the energy storage module and the electrical connection with the energy storage module through the switch module to form electrical isolation.
  • the energy storage system housing platform can be effectively grounded, so there will be no leakage current, and the personal safety of the maintenance personnel can be guaranteed.
  • the energy storage module is separated from the system by using a switch module under the premise of the energy storage valve being locked, without affecting the safe operation of the entire machine, and the availability of the system can be effectively improved.
  • the switch module includes a first switch group, and the first switch group is connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power module and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage module.
  • a centralized control device is used to improve the flexibility of switch module control.
  • the first switch group includes a first switch and a second switch
  • the first switch is connected between the positive terminal of the power module and the positive terminal of the energy storage module;
  • the second switch is connected between the negative terminal of the power module and the negative terminal of the energy storage module.
  • the power module and the energy storage module can be connected to each other through the first switch and the second switch, which simplifies the circuit design while releasing the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module.
  • the first switch and the second switch each include a load switch.
  • the load switch can disconnect the current and meet the electrical isolation at the same time.
  • the disconnection speed of the load switch can generally reach tens of milliseconds, and the response is fast.
  • the response speed and protection effect are lower than the fuse in the energy storage module. Therefore, it plays the role of backup protection and redundant protection. When the fuse on the energy storage module side cannot successfully protect, the energy storage module is protected.
  • the first switch and the second switch each comprise an isolation switch.
  • the isolating switch is, for example, an isolator or an isolating knife switch, wherein the isolating switch can be of a type that can disconnect the load current, and can release the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module; or it can be of a type that cannot disconnect the load current, and then the power module can be modulated so that the current between the power module and the energy storage module is close to 0 (the transistor of the power module may have a weak leakage current, but it can disconnect the load current) to achieve current disconnection, and can also release the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module to achieve reliable electrical isolation.
  • the isolating switch can be of a type that can disconnect the load current, and can release the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module; or it can be of a type that cannot disconnect the load current, and then the power module can be modulated so that the current between the power module and the energy storage module is close to 0 (the transistor of the power module may have a weak leakage current, but it can
  • the system further includes a second switch group for disconnecting load current, wherein the second switch group is connected to the first switch group.
  • a second switch group when the isolating switch in the first switch group is of the type that cannot disconnect the load current, a second switch group will be set to disconnect the load current, thereby releasing the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module and achieving reliable electrical isolation.
  • the second switch group includes a solid-state circuit breaker connected in series with the first switch or the second switch.
  • a solid-state circuit breaker and an isolating switch are used in combination.
  • the solid-state circuit breaker is used to reduce the loop current to near 0, disconnect the load current, and then the isolating switch is used to isolate the system, release the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module, and achieve reliable electrical isolation.
  • the second switch group includes:
  • Two circuit breakers the two circuit breakers are connected in series with the first switch and the second switch respectively;
  • a circuit breaker or relay in order to achieve reliable isolation, is used in conjunction with an isolating switch, the circuit breaker or relay is used to cut off the current in the loop, and then the isolating switch is disconnected to release the power module from the storage
  • the electrical connection of the energy module can achieve reliable electrical isolation.
  • the power module serves as the second switch group.
  • the power module in order to achieve reliable isolation, is directly modulated so that the loop current of the energy storage valve submodule is close to 0, thereby disconnecting the load current, and then the system is isolated by using an isolating switch to release the electrical connection between the power module and the energy storage module.
  • This solution is simpler and has lower cost.
  • the power module includes a first switch element and an energy storage element connected in parallel to the first switch element, and the energy storage element is connected in parallel to the energy storage module through the switch module.
  • the energy storage element when the power module is connected to the energy storage module, the energy storage element can be charged first, thereby reducing the impact of large current on the first switching element and improving the reliability of the energy storage valve submodule.
  • the power module includes a half-bridge circuit or a full-bridge circuit.
  • a controller is also included, which is connected to the power module and the switch module.
  • the controller is used to output a drive signal and a control signal.
  • the drive signal is used to drive the power module to turn on and off
  • the control signal is used to control the switch module to turn on and off.
  • both the power module and the switch module can be controlled online by a controller, thereby realizing the intelligence and automation of the energy storage valve submodule.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage valve, which includes an energy storage valve submodule as described above.
  • each energy storage valve submodule in the energy storage valve can electrically isolate and disconnect the power module from the energy storage module through the switch module, so that the power module and the energy storage module are electrically decoupled.
  • the switch module is used to separate the energy storage module from the system under the premise that the energy storage valve is locked, which does not affect the safe operation of the entire machine and improves the system availability.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage station, which includes the energy storage valve submodule as described above.
  • each energy storage valve submodule in the energy storage station can electrically isolate and disconnect the power module from the energy storage module through the switch module, so that the power module and the energy storage module are electrically decoupled.
  • the switch module is used to separate the energy storage module from the system under the premise of locking the energy storage station, which does not affect the safe operation of the entire machine and improves the system availability.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is another schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage valve submodule provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage valve submodule provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage valve submodule provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power module in an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power module in an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a structural schematic diagram of an MMC type AC direct-mounted energy storage system provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a DC direct-mounted energy storage system provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an AC direct-mounted energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the term "and/or” is merely a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that There can be three kinds of relationships, for example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • High-voltage direct-mounted energy storage systems are mainly divided into several technical routes, including MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) type AC direct-mounted energy storage systems, DC direct-mounted energy storage systems, AC cascade energy storage systems, etc.
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • direct-mounted energy storage systems have higher voltage levels, larger capacities, stronger grid regulation capabilities and grid support functions, and have important research significance for new power systems based on new energy.
  • the current high-voltage direct-mounted energy storage system still has some problems. For example, when it is necessary to power off during maintenance, due to the characteristics of the high-voltage direct-mounted energy storage system itself, the voltage will accumulate due to the series connection of the energy storage valve submodules. Even if the connection between the main circuit and the high-voltage bus is disconnected, the voltage of each energy storage valve submodule to the ground cannot be directly reduced to the voltage level of a single submodule, and the system still presents high voltage to the ground.
  • the fault handling means are only the power module electronic bypass and bypass switch action, and the fault isolation means are limited, and electrical breakpoint isolation cannot be achieved. And in the case of failure of the electronic bypass and bypass switch, the system has to be shut down for maintenance, and the system availability is low.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Only parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the energy storage valve submodule 100 includes an energy storage module 110 , a power module 120 and a switch module 130 ; the power module 120 is connected to the energy storage module 110 through the switch module 130 , or the power module 120 is electrically isolated and disconnected from the energy storage module 110 through the switch module 130 .
  • the energy storage module 110 is mainly composed of an energy storage device, and the number of energy storage devices is at least one.
  • the energy storage device can be in various forms, including one or more of electrochemical energy storage devices (such as batteries), supercapacitors, flywheel energy storage, compressed air energy storage, superconducting energy storage, and other energy storage methods.
  • the power module 120 is disconnected from the energy storage module 110 through the switch module 130 to form electrical isolation. Specifically, the switch module 130 or the power module 120 can be connected to the power module 110.
  • the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 can disconnect the load current to form an electrical breakpoint between the two, thereby releasing the electrical connection between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110.
  • the power module 120 can be effectively electrically isolated and disconnected from the energy storage module 110, so that the housing platform of the energy storage system can be effectively grounded.
  • this isolation method can be used to achieve safe maintenance and replacement of relays or other equipment that cannot be disconnected.
  • the energy storage module 110 is separated from the system composed of the energy storage valve submodule 100, which does not affect the safe operation of the entire machine and can effectively improve the availability of the system.
  • temporary measures such as electronic bypass and bypass switch operation are adopted in the absence of an isolation switch. If problems such as power switch conduction occur, the nature of the fault is prone to change, resulting in serious faults such as battery direct short circuit. After introducing this isolation measure, such problems are effectively avoided, and further development of the fault can be prevented, thereby avoiding serious consequences.
  • the switch module 130 includes a first switch group.
  • the first switch group is connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the power module 120 and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage module 110.
  • the entire switch module can be the same operating mechanism, that is, integrated into one device, and adopt the same control system, so that the control is more flexible. It is understandable that the form of independently operated switches can also be adopted to achieve electrical isolation.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the first switch group includes a first switch S1 and a second switch S2; the first switch S1 is connected between the positive terminal of the power module 120 and the positive terminal of the energy storage module 110; the second switch S2 is connected between the negative terminal of the power module 120 and the negative terminal of the energy storage module 110.
  • the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 can be connected to each other through the first switch S1 and the second switch S2, respectively, so that the control is reliable, and the circuit design is simplified while the electrical connection between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 is released.
  • the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 both include load switches.
  • the load switch may also be referred to as a load isolation switch, which is a type of isolation switch capable of cutting off load current.
  • the load switch can disconnect the load current while meeting the electrical isolation.
  • the disconnection speed of the load switch can generally reach tens of milliseconds, and the response is relatively fast.
  • the response speed and protection effect are lower than the fuse in the energy storage module 110. Therefore, it plays the role of backup protection and redundant protection. When the fuse on the energy storage module 110 side cannot successfully protect, the energy storage module 110 is protected.
  • the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 both include isolating switches, such as isolators and isolating switches.
  • the isolating switch can be of a type that can disconnect the load current, and can release the electrical connection between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110; it can also be of a type that cannot disconnect the load current, and other devices can be used, such as modulating the power module 120 so that the current between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 is close to 0 (because the transistor in the power module 120 may have leakage current, but it can meet the disconnection compliance current) to achieve load current disconnection, and can also release the electrical connection between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 to achieve reliable electrical isolation.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the switch module 130 further includes a second switch group 140 for disconnecting the load current, and the second switch group 140 is connected to the switch module 130 .
  • the isolating switch in the switch module 130 is of the type that cannot disconnect the load current, it is necessary to further set the second switch group 140 to disconnect the load current, thereby releasing the electrical connection between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 and achieving reliable electrical isolation.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the second switch group 140 includes a solid-state circuit breaker S3 , which is connected in series with the first switch S1 or the second switch S2 .
  • Solid-state circuit breaker S3 is a type of fast-acting protection device. By using power electronics, it can suppress the rise of short-circuit current within a few microseconds and transfer the short-circuit current out of the circuit, which is equivalent to reducing the circuit current to near 0.
  • the response speed and protection capability of solid-state circuit breaker S3 are far better than the fuses generally configured in the energy storage system. It is understandable that if solid-state circuit breaker S3 is used to protect the circuit, it will no longer be necessary to configure any fuses in the energy storage system, greatly reducing the cumbersomeness of fuse configuration. At the same time, it avoids the cumbersome process of replacing the fuse after the system short-circuit blows. Even if the energy storage system is still configured with a fuse, it is only used as a backup and redundant protection method for the solid-state circuit breaker S3, and no longer relies on the fuse as the main protection method.
  • a solid-state circuit breaker S3 and an isolating switch are used in combination.
  • the solid-state circuit breaker S3 is used to reduce the loop current to near 0, and then the isolating switch is used to isolate the system, thereby releasing the electrical connection between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 and achieving reliable electrical isolation.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the second switch group 140 includes: two circuit breakers or two relays, see S4 and S5 shown in FIG5.
  • the second switch group 140 includes two circuit breakers, which are respectively connected in series with the first switch S1 and the second switch S2; the second switch group 140 includes two relays, which are respectively connected in series with the first switch S1 and the second switch S2. Union.
  • isolating switches and devices that can disconnect load current.
  • Circuit breakers, contactors and other devices can cut off load current in the circuit, but they cannot serve as reliable electrical isolation means. Therefore, isolating switches are used in conjunction with circuit breakers, contactors and other devices. A set of devices is used to disconnect load current, and then the isolating switches are used as reliable electrical isolation means.
  • a circuit breaker or relay in order to achieve reliable isolation, is used in conjunction with an isolating switch.
  • the circuit breaker or relay is used to cut off the load current in the loop, and then the isolating switch is used to isolate the system, thereby achieving complete decoupling and reliable isolation of the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110.
  • the second switch group 140 includes a power module 120 .
  • the power module 120 in the energy storage valve submodule 100 is directly modulated so that the loop current of the energy storage valve submodule 100 is close to 0, thereby cutting off the load current.
  • the system is then isolated using an isolating switch to release the electrical isolation between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110.
  • the power module 120 includes a first switch element and an energy storage element connected in parallel to the first switch element.
  • the energy storage element is connected in parallel to the energy storage module 110 through the switch module 130 .
  • the plurality of first switch elements may be connected in series and/or in parallel, and the energy storage element is connected in parallel with the plurality of first switch elements connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the plurality of first switch elements connected in series and/or in parallel include a full-bridge circuit or a half-bridge circuit.
  • the power module 120 includes a half-bridge circuit or a full-bridge circuit.
  • the half-bridge circuit is a power circuit including two switch tubes
  • the full-bridge circuit is a power circuit including four switch tubes.
  • the half-bridge circuit has low cost and simple circuit; the full-bridge circuit has high cost and relatively complex circuit.
  • the full-bridge circuit has less interference than the half-bridge circuit and has higher reliability. Flexible configuration of the power module 120 is achieved, and the flexibility of the design of the energy storage valve submodule 100 is improved.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a power module in an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a power module in an energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the parts related to the present embodiment are shown, which are described in detail as follows:
  • the full-bridge circuit includes a first switch tube T1, a second switch tube T2, a third switch tube T3, a fourth switch tube T4, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, a fourth diode D4 and a first capacitor C1;
  • the output end of the second switch tube T2, the anode of the second diode D2, the output end of the fourth switch tube T4, the anode of the fourth diode D4 and the second end of the first capacitor C1 together serve as the first negative terminal of the full-bridge circuit;
  • the anode of the diode D3, the input end of the fourth switch tube T4 and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 are collectively used as the second anode
  • the first positive terminal of the full-bridge circuit is the first positive terminal of the power module 120; the second positive terminal of the full-bridge circuit is the second positive terminal of the power module 120; the first negative terminal of the full-bridge circuit is the first negative terminal of the power module 120; the second negative terminal of the full-bridge circuit is the second negative terminal of the power module 120.
  • switch tubes include triodes, field effect tubes and insulated gate bipolar transistors.
  • the full-bridge circuit works in the first switching state as follows: the positive electrode of the third diode D3 is connected to the first direct current output by the grid, the negative electrode of the third diode D3 outputs the first direct current to the energy storage module 110, the positive electrode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first direct current charged by the energy storage module 110, and the negative electrode of the second diode D2 outputs the first direct current charged by the energy storage module 110 to the grid.
  • the full-bridge circuit works in the second switching state as follows: the input end of the third switch tube T3 is connected to the second direct current output from the positive electrode of the energy storage module 110, the output end of the third switch tube T3 outputs the second direct current to the grid, the input end of the second switch tube T2 is connected to the second direct current fed back from the grid, and the output end of the second switch tube T2 outputs the fed back second direct current to the negative electrode of the energy storage module 110.
  • the full-bridge circuit works in the first cut-off state as follows: the input end of the fourth switch tube T4 is connected to the first DC power output by the power grid, the output end of the fourth switch tube T4 outputs the first DC power to the anode of the second diode D2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 outputs the first DC power.
  • the full-bridge circuit works in the second cut-off state as follows: the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the third DC power, the cathode of the first diode D1 outputs the third DC power to the input end of the third switch tube T3, and the output end of the third switch tube T3 outputs the third DC power.
  • the above full-bridge circuit can self-eliminate DC faults and can be applied in scenarios with high input voltage.
  • Figure 7 shows a structural schematic diagram of the power module in the energy storage valve submodule provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the half-bridge circuit includes a fifth switch tube T5, a sixth switch tube T6, a fifth diode D5, a sixth diode D6, and a second capacitor C2.
  • the input end of the fifth switch tube T5, the cathode of the fifth diode D5 and the first end of the second capacitor C2 together serve as the first positive terminal of the half-bridge circuit;
  • the output end of the sixth switch tube T6, the anode of the sixth diode D6 and the second end of the second capacitor C2 together serve as the first negative terminal of the half-bridge circuit and the second negative terminal of the half-bridge circuit;
  • the output end of the fifth switch tube T5, the anode of the fifth diode D5, the input end of the sixth switch tube T6 and the cathode of the sixth diode D6 together serve as the second positive terminal of the half-bridge circuit.
  • the first positive terminal of the half-bridge circuit is the first positive terminal of the power module 120; the second positive terminal of the half-bridge circuit is the second positive terminal of the power module 120; the first negative terminal of the half-bridge circuit is the first negative terminal of the power module 120; the second negative terminal of the half-bridge circuit is the second negative terminal of the power module 120.
  • switch tubes include triodes, field effect tubes and insulated gate bipolar transistors.
  • the above-mentioned half-bridge circuit works in the first transfer state specifically as follows: the positive electrode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the first direct current output by the power grid, the negative electrode of the fifth diode D5 outputs the first direct current to the positive electrode of the energy storage module 110, and the negative electrode of the energy storage module 110 outputs the first direct current charged by the energy storage module 110 to the power grid.
  • the above-mentioned half-bridge circuit works in the second transfer state specifically as follows: the input end of the fifth switch tube T5 is connected to the second direct current output by the positive electrode of the energy storage module 110, the output end of the fifth switch tube T5 outputs the second direct current to the grid, and the grid feeds back the second direct current to the negative electrode of the energy storage module 110.
  • the above half-bridge circuit works in the first cut-off state specifically as follows: the input end of the sixth switch tube T6 is connected to the first direct current output by the power grid, and the output end of the sixth switch tube T6 outputs the first direct current.
  • the half-bridge circuit works in the second cut-off state as follows: the anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the third direct current, and the cathode of the sixth diode D6 outputs the third direct current.
  • the above half-bridge circuit has a simple structure and low cost.
  • the energy storage valve submodule 100 also includes a controller, which is connected to the power module 120 and the switch module 130.
  • the controller is used to output a drive signal and a control signal.
  • the drive signal is used to drive the power module 120 to turn on and off
  • the control signal is used to control the switch module 130 to turn on and off.
  • the controller can also output a driving signal with a preset duty cycle to modulate the power module 120, so that the current between the power module 120 and the energy storage module 110 changes, such as approaching 0 to disconnect the load current, or the duty cycle is 100% to fully conduct.
  • the controller outputs multiple control signals, which are generally high and low levels, to drive each switch in the switch module 130 to turn on and off.
  • the controller includes a submodule controller (SubModule Controller, SMC), which is used to monitor the working state of the energy storage valve submodule 100, receive control information issued by the valve base control device (Valve Base Controller, VBC) of the energy storage valve, and transmit the state of the energy storage valve submodule 100 to the VBC.
  • SMC SubscribeModule Controller
  • VBC Valve Base Controller
  • the SMC controls the power module 120 and the switch module 130 to shut down so that the energy storage module 110 is bypassed, and transmits the fault information to the VBC, which can ensure that other submodules continue to operate normally.
  • both the power module 120 and the switch module 130 can be controlled online by a controller, thereby realizing the intelligence and automation of the energy storage valve submodule.
  • the present application further provides an energy storage valve, including the above-mentioned energy storage valve submodule 100; the energy storage valve submodule 100 can be connected in series to a power grid.
  • each energy storage valve submodule 100 can electrically isolate and disconnect the power module 120 from the energy storage module 110 through the switch module 130, so that the power module 120 is electrically decoupled from the energy storage module 110.
  • the switch module 130 is used to separate the energy storage module 110 from the system under the premise that the energy storage valve is locked, which does not affect the safe operation of the entire machine and improves the system availability.
  • the present application further provides an energy storage station, comprising the energy storage valve submodule 100 of any of the above solutions.
  • the energy storage station includes a plurality of energy storage valve submodules 100.
  • the plurality of energy storage valve submodules 100 are connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the power module 120 can be electrically decoupled from the energy storage module 110 during maintenance to ensure the personal safety of maintenance personnel.
  • the switch module 130 is used to separate the energy storage module 110 from the system under the premise of locking the energy storage station, which does not affect the safe operation of the entire machine and improves the system availability.
  • FIG8 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an MMC type AC direct-mounted energy storage system that can be applied to an energy storage station according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the MMC type AC direct-mounted energy storage system includes 6 converter bridge arm groups, and the 6 converter bridge arm groups (i.e., energy storage valves) include a first converter bridge arm group 810, a second converter bridge arm group 820, a third converter bridge arm group 830, a fourth converter bridge arm group 840, a fifth converter bridge arm group 850, and a sixth converter bridge arm group 860.
  • the first converter bridge arm group 810 and the second converter bridge arm group 820 are connected in series
  • the third converter bridge arm group 830 and the fourth converter bridge arm group 840 are connected in series
  • the fifth converter bridge arm group 850 and the sixth converter bridge arm group 860 are connected in series
  • the connection point of the first converter bridge arm group 810 and the second converter bridge arm group 820, the connection point of the third converter bridge arm group 830 and the fourth converter bridge arm group 840, and the connection point of the fifth converter bridge arm group 850 and the sixth converter bridge arm group 860 are respectively connected to the three-phase AC power grid.
  • Each converter bridge arm group is composed of N energy storage valve submodules 801 and other auxiliary devices connected in series, where N is a positive integer.
  • the N energy storage valve submodules 801 include energy storage valve submodules 801_1, 801_2, ..., 801_N.
  • the auxiliary device can be a starting device and/or a switching device and/or a line protection device and/or a sampling device.
  • the auxiliary device may be the reactors L1 to L6 shown in FIG. 8 .
  • FIG 9 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a DC direct-mounted energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC direct-mounted energy storage system is also called an energy storage valve, which is composed of n energy storage valve sub-modules SM and other auxiliary equipment connected in series, where n is a positive integer.
  • the n energy storage valve sub-modules SM include energy storage sub-modules SM#1,..., SM#n-1, SM#n.
  • the auxiliary equipment may be a starting device and/or a switching device and/or a line protection device and/or a sampling device.
  • the auxiliary equipment may include a fast DC bus from the positive electrode to the positive electrode of the n energy storage valve sub-modules SM shown in Figure 9.
  • a voltage transformer VT1 is also provided on the positive DC bus.
  • FIG10 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of an AC direct-mounted energy storage system that can be applied to an energy storage station according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the AC direct-mounted energy storage system includes three converter bridge arm groups, and the three converter bridge arm groups (i.e., energy storage valves) include a first energy storage valve 1110, a second energy storage valve 1120, and a third energy storage valve 1130.
  • the first energy storage valve 1110, the second energy storage valve 1120, and the third energy storage valve 1130 are respectively connected to the three-phase AC power grid.
  • Each energy storage valve is composed of N energy storage valve submodules 1101 and other auxiliary devices in series, where N is a positive integer.
  • the N energy storage valve submodules 1101 include energy storage valve submodules 1101_1, 1101_2, ..., 1101_N.
  • the auxiliary device may be a starting device and/or a switching device and/or a line protection device and/or a sampling device.
  • the auxiliary device may be the reactor described in FIG10.

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Abstract

本申请属于电力电子技术领域，提供了一种储能阀子模块(100)、储能阀及储能站，其中，储能阀子模块(100)通过开关模块(130)可以将功率模块(120)与储能模块(110)断开与储能模块(110)的电气连接，形成电气隔离，使得功率模块(120)与储能模块(110)解除电气连接，在对储能阀中的储能模块(110)之外的部件检修时，就不会存在漏电流，可以保障检修人员的人身安全。同理，通过在储能阀的储能模块(110)侧发生非严重故障情况下，在储能阀闭锁的前提下采用开关模块(130)将储能模块(110)从系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，可以有效提升系统的可用率。

Description

储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站
本申请要求于2023年6月28日在中华人民共和国国家知识产权局提交的、申请号为202310779892.9、发明名称为“储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于电力电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站。
背景技术
目前，从市场形势的发展来看，高压直挂储能系统的应用越加广泛。储能站被广泛应用于输配电网领域。随着储能站应用领域的不断扩大，其市场的需求量也在不断地扩增。在高压直挂储能系统检修时，需进行下电的工况下，由于高压直挂储能系统自身特性，电压会由于子模块串联发生累加，即使断开主回路与高压母线的连接，每个子模块的对地电压也都无法做到直接降低为单个子模块的电压等级，系统对地依旧呈现高压。另外，由于储能模块电压的存在，功率模块中电容的电压无法完全泄放并降为0，使得系统中存在漏电流，人员上机检修安全性很低。再者，在储能模块侧发生非严重故障情况下，相关技术的故障处理手段仅有功率模块电子旁路、旁路开关动作，系统不得不停电检修，系统可用率低。
申请内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请提供一种储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站，旨在解决相关的高压直挂储能系统存在检修安全性低、系统可用率低的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种储能阀子模块，包括储能模块、功率模块以及开关模块；功率模块通过开关模块连通储能模块，或功率模块通过开关模块断开与储能模块的电气连接，形成电气隔离。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，储能阀子模块通过开关模块可以将功率模块与储能模块断开与储能模块的电气连接，形成电气隔离，在对储能模块之外的部件检修时，使得储能系统机壳平台可有效接地，就不会存在漏电流，可以保障检修人员的人身安全。同理，通过在储能模块侧发生非严重故障情况下，在储能阀闭锁的前提下采用开关模块将储能模块从系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，可以有效提升系统的可用率。
在一些实施例中，开关模块包括第一开关组，第一开关组与功率模块的正极端、负极端和储能模块的正极、负极连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，采用集中控制器件，提高了开关模块控制的灵活性。
在一些实施例中，第一开关组包括第一开关和第二开关；
第一开关连接在功率模块的正极端和储能模块的正极之间；
第二开关连接在功率模块的负极端和储能模块的负极之间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，可以分别通过第一开关和第二开关控制功率模块与储能模块连接，在解除功率模块与储能模块电气连接的同时，简化了电路设计。
在一些实施例中，第一开关和第二开关均包括负荷开关。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，负荷开关可分断电流同时满足电气隔离，负荷开关的分断速度一般能达到数十毫秒级，响应较快，而响应速度和保护效果都小于储能模块中的熔断器，因此起到后备保护、冗余保护的作用，在储能模块侧熔断器不能成功保护的情况下，对储能模块进行保护。
在一些实施例中，第一开关和第二开关均包括隔离开关。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，隔离开关例如是隔离器、隔离刀闸，其中，隔离开关可以采用可分断负荷电流的类型，能够解除功率模块与储能模块电气连接；也可以采用不可分断负荷电流的类型，则可以对功率模块进行调制，使得功率模块与储能模块之间的电流为接近0(功率模块的晶体管可能存在微弱漏电流，但能实现分断负荷电流)，以实现电流分断，同样能够解除功率模块与储能模块电气连接，实现可靠电气隔离。
在一些实施例中，还包括用于分断负荷电流的第二开关组，第二开关组与第一开关组连接。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，在第一开关组中的隔离开关采用不可分断负荷电流的类型时，将设置第二开关组来分断负荷电流，从而解除功率模块与储能模块电气连接，实现可靠电气隔离。
在一些实施例中，第二开关组包括固态断路器，固态断路器与第一开关或第二开关串联。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，为实现可靠隔离，采用固态断路器和隔离开关配合，利用固态断路器将回路电流降至接近0，分断负荷电流，再利用隔离开关对系统进行隔离，解除功率模块与储能模块电气连接，实现可靠电气隔离。
在一些实施例中，第二开关组包括：
两个断路器，两个断路器分别与第一开关、第二开关串联；或
两个继电器，两个继电器分别与第一开关、第二开关串联；
本申请实施例的技术方案中，为实现可靠隔离，采用断路器或继电器，与隔离开关配合，利用断路器或继电器切断回路中的电流，再利用隔离开关的分断，解除功率模块与储 能模块的电气连接，实现可靠的电气隔离。
在一些实施例中，功率模块作为第二开关组。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，为实现可靠隔离，直接对功率模块进行调制使得储能阀子模块回路电流为接近0，实现负荷电流分断，再利用隔离开关对系统进行隔离，解除功率模块与储能模块电气连接，此方案更简单，且成本更低。
在一些实施例中，功率模块包括第一开关元件以及并联于第一开关元件的储能元件，储能元件通过开关模块与储能模块并联。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，在将功率模块接入储能模块时，可以先对储能元件进行充电，从而降低大电流对第一开关元件的冲击，提高储能阀子模块的可靠性。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，功率模块包括半桥电路或者全桥电路。
通过采用上述方案，实现了对功率模块的灵活配置，提高了储能阀子模块的设计的灵活性。
在一些实施例中，还包括控制器，控制器与功率模块以及开关模块连接，控制器用于输出驱动信号和控制信号，驱动信号用于驱动功率模块导通和关断，控制信号用于控制开关模块导通和关断。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，功率模块以及开关模块都可以采用控制器实现在线控制，实现储能阀子模块的智能化、自动化。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种储能阀，储能阀包括储如上述的储能阀子模块。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，储能阀中各储能阀子模块通过开关模块可以将功率模块与储能模块电气隔离地断开连接，使得功率模块与储能模块电气上解耦，在对储能阀中的储能模块之外的部件检修时，就不会存在漏电流，保障检修人员的人身安全。同样的，若在储能阀的储能模块侧发生非严重故障情况下，在储能阀闭锁的前提下采用开关模块将储能模块从系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，提升系统可用率。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种储能站，储能站包括如上述的储能阀子模块。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，储能站中各储能阀子模块通过开关模块可以将功率模块与储能模块电气隔离地断开连接，使得功率模块与储能模块电气上解耦，在对储能站中的储能模块之外的部件检修时，就不会存在漏电流，保障检修人员的人身安全。同样的，若在储能站的储能模块侧发生非严重故障情况下，在储能站闭锁的前提下采用开关模块将储能模块从系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，提升系统可用率。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明 显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的一种结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的另一种结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的另一种结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的另一种结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的另一种结构示意图；
图6为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块中的功率模块的一种结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块中的功率模块的一种结构示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的MMC型交流直挂储能系统的一种结构示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的直流直挂储能系统的一种结构示意图；
图10为本申请一实施例提供的交流直挂储能系统的一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示 可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
高压直挂储能系统主要分为几种技术路线，包括MMC(Modular Multilevel Converter，模块化多电平换流器)型交流直挂储能系统、直流直挂储能系统、交流级联式储能系统等。对比传统储能技术，直挂储能系统电压等级更高，容量更大，具有更强的电网调节能力和电网支撑作用，对以新能源为主体的新型电力系统具有重要的研究意义。
然而，目前的高压直挂储能系统仍然存在一些问题。比如检修时，需进行下电的工况下，由于高压直挂储能系统自身特性，电压会由于储能阀子模块串联发生累加，即使断开主回路与高压母线的连接，每个储能阀子模块的对地电压也都无法做到直接降低为单个子模块的电压等级，系统对地依旧呈现高压。另外，由于储能模块电压的存在，功率模块中的电容器和储能模块若不能做到电气上的解耦，电容电压无法完全泄放并降为0，使得系统中存在漏电流，人员上机检修安全性很低。另外，在储能模块侧发生非严重故障情况下，故障处理手段仅有功率模块电子旁路、旁路开关动作，故障隔离手段有限，无法做到电气上的断点隔离。且在电子旁路和旁路开关失效情况下，系统不得不停电检修，系统可用率低。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图1，图1示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
上述储能阀子模块100包括储能模块110、功率模块120以及开关模块130；功率模块120通过开关模块130连通储能模块110，或功率模块120通过开关模块130电气隔离地断开与储能模块110的连接。
其中，储能模块110的主要组成包括储能器件，储能器件的数量至少为一个。储能器件可以有多种形式，包括电化学储能装置(比如电池)、超级电容、飞轮储能、压缩空气储能、超导储能等储能方式中的一项或多项。功率模块120通过开关模块130断开与储能模块110的电气连接，形成电气隔离，具体是开关模块130或者结合功率模块120可以将功 率模块120与储能模块110可分断负荷电流地在两者之间形成电气断点，解除功率模块120与储能模块110的电气连接。如需要检修或者储能模块110出现故障时，可以有效地将功率模块120与储能模块110进行电气隔离地断开连接，使得储能系统机壳平台可有效接地。在对储能模块110之外的部件检修时，就不会存在漏电流，可以保障检修人员的人身安全；在系统发生继电器熔焊粘连等无法有效解开电气连接的一类故障情况下，通过此隔离手段，实现对继电器，或其他引起无法开断问题的设备的安全检修、更换。同理，在储能模块110侧发生非严重故障情况下，将储能模块110从储能阀子模块100构成的系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，可以有效提升系统的可用率。储能模块110发生轻度故障后，在无隔离开关的情况下采用电子旁路、旁路开关动作等暂时性手段之后，若发生功率开关导通等问题，易发生故障性质的变化，出现电池直通短路等严重故障，引入此隔离手段后，有效避免了这类问题，可防止故障进一步发展，避免严重后果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，继续参照图1。开关模块130包括第一开关组。第一开关组与功率模块120的正极端、负极端和储能模块110的正极、负极连接。整个开关模块可以是同一操作机构，即集成为一个器件，并采用同一控制系统，使得控制更加灵活。可以理解的是，也可以采用独立运行开关的形式，实现电气上的隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图2，图2示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
第一开关组包括第一开关S1和第二开关S2；第一开关S1连接在功率模块120的正极端和储能模块110的正极之间；第二开关S2连接在功率模块120的负极端和储能模块110的负极之间。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，可以分别通过第一开关S1和第二开关S2控制功率模块120与储能模块110连接，使得控制可靠，在解除功率模块120与储能模块110电气连接的同时，简化了电路设计。
在一些实施例中，第一开关S1和第二开关S2均包括负荷开关。负荷开关也可称为负荷隔离开关，这是一类能够切断负荷电流的隔离开关。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，负荷开关可分断负荷电流同时满足电气隔离，负荷开关的分断速度一般能达到数十毫秒级，响应较快，而响应速度和保护效果都小于储能模块110中的熔断器，因此起到后备保护、冗余保护的作用，在储能模块110侧熔断器不能成功保护的情况下，对储能模块110进行保护。
在一些实施例中，第一开关S1和第二开关S2均包括隔离开关。隔离开关比如是隔离器、隔离闸刀。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，隔离开关可以采用可分断负荷电流的类型，能够解除功率模块120与储能模块110电气连接；也可以采用不可分断负荷电流的类型，则可以利用其他器件，比如对功率模块120调制，使得功率模块120与储能模块110之间的电流为接近0(由于功率模块120中晶体管可能存在漏电流，但能够满足分断符合电流)，以实现负荷电流分断，同样能够解除功率模块120与储能模块110的电气连接，实现可靠电气隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图3，图3示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
在一些实施例中，开关模块130还包括用于分断负荷电流的第二开关组140，第二开关组140与开关模块130连接。
比如在开关模块130中的隔离开关采用不可分断负荷电流的类型时，则需要进一步的设置第二开关组140来分断负荷电流，从而解除功率模块120与储能模块110的电气连接，实现可靠电气隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图4，图4示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
在一些实施例中，第二开关组140包括固态断路器S3，固态断路器S3与第一开关S1或第二开关S2串联。
固态断路器S3是一类速动型保护器件，利用电力电子手段，可以在几微秒内抑制短路电流的上升，并将短路电流转移到回路外，相当于把回路电流降低到接近0。固态断路器S3的响应速度和保护能力都远远好于储能系统内一般配置的熔断器。可以理解的是，如果采用固态断路器S3对回路进行保护，将不再需要在储能系统内配置任何熔断器，大大减少了熔断器配置的繁琐性。同时避免了系统短路熔断后更换熔断器的繁琐过程，即便储能系统仍然配置熔断器，也只作为固态断路器S3的后备和冗余保护手段，不再依赖熔断器为主保护方法。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，为实现可靠解耦，采用固态断路器S3和隔离开关配合，利用固态断路器S3将回路电流降至接近0，再利用隔离开关对系统进行隔离，从而解除功率模块120与储能模块110的电气连接，实现可靠电气隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图5，图5示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
在一些实施例中，第二开关组140包括：两个断路器或两个继电器，见图5示出的S4、S5。其中，第二开关组140包括两个断路器，两个断路器分别与第一开关S1、第二开关S2串联；第二开关组140包括两个继电器，两个继电器分别与第一开关S1、第二开关S2串 联。
采用隔离开关和能分断负荷电流设备的配合。断路器、接触器等设备能在回路中切断负荷电流，但不能够起到可靠的电气隔离手段。因此，隔离开关与断路器、接触器等器件进行配合，一组器件用于分断负荷电流，然后隔离开关再作为可靠电气隔离手段。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，为实现可靠隔离，采用断路器或继电器，与隔离开关配合，利用断路器或继电器切断回路中的负荷电流，再利用隔离开关对系统进行隔离，实现功率模块120与储能模块110完全解耦，可靠隔离。
根据本申请的一些实施例，继续参照图2。在一些实施例中，第二开关组140包括功率模块120。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，直接对储能阀子模块100中的功率模块120进行调制，使得储能阀子模块100回路电流为接近0，实现切断负荷电流，再利用隔离开关对系统进行隔离，解除功率模块120与储能模块110电气隔离，此方案更简单，且成本更低。
在一些实施例中，功率模块120包括第一开关元件以及并联于第一开关元件的储能元件，储能元件通过开关模块130与储能模块110并联。
第一开关元件可以为多个，多个第一开关元件串联和/或并联连接，储能元件与多个串联和/或并联连接的第一开关元件并联连接。具体实施中，多个串联和/或并联连接的第一开关元件包括全桥电路或半桥电路。在将功率模块120接入储能模块110时，可以先对储能元件进行充电，从而降低大电流对第一开关元件的冲击，提高储能阀子模块100的可靠性。
本申请实施例的技术方案中，功率模块120包括半桥电路或者全桥电路。需要说明的是，半桥电路是包括两个开关管的功率电路，全桥电路是包括四个开关管的功率电路。半桥电路成本低，电路简单；全桥电路成本高,电路相对复杂。但是全桥电路相对半桥电路干扰较小，可靠性更高。实现了对功率模块120的灵活配置，提高了储能阀子模块100的设计的灵活性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图6，图6示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块中功率模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：
全桥电路包括第一开关管T1、第二开关管T2、第三开关管T3、第四开关管T4、第一二极管D1、第二二极管D2、第三二极管D3、第四二极管D4以及第一电容C1；
第一开关管T1的输入端、第一二极管D1的负极、第三开关管T3的输入端、第三二极管D3的负极以及第一电容C1的第一端共同作为全桥电路的第一正极端；第二开关管T2的输出端、第二二极管D2的正极、第四开关管T4的输出端、第四二极管D4的正极以及第一电容C1的第二端共同作为全桥电路的第一负极端；第三开关管T3的输出端、第三 二极管D3的正极、第四开关管T4的输入端以及第四二极管D4的负极共同作为全桥电路的第二正极端；第一开关管T1的输出端、第一二极管D1的正极、第二开关管T2的输入端以及第二二极管D2的负极、共同作为全桥电路的第二负极端；
其中，全桥电路的第一正极端为功率模块120的第一正极端；全桥电路的第二正极端为功率模块120的第二正极端；全桥电路的第一负极端为功率模块120的第一负极端；全桥电路的第二负极端为功率模块120的第二负极端。
需要说明的是上述开关管包括三极管、场效应管以及绝缘栅双极型晶体管。
上述全桥电路工作在第一转接状态具体为：第三二极管D3的正极接入电网输出的第一直流电，第三二极管D3的负极输出第一直流电至储能模块110，第二二极管D2的正极接入储能模块110充电后的第一直流电，第二二极管D2的负极输出储能模块110充电后的第一直流电至电网。
上述全桥电路工作在第二转接状态具体为：第三开关管T3的输入端接入储能模块110的正极输出的第二直流电，第三开关管T3的输出端输出第二直流电至电网，第二开关管T2的输入端接入电网回馈的第二直流电，第二开关管T2的输出端输出回馈后的第二直流电至储能模块110的负极。
上述全桥电路工作在第一切除状态具体为：第四开关管T4的输入端接入电网输出的第一直流电，第四开关管T4的输出端输出第一直流电至第二二极管D2的正极，第二二极管D2的负极输出第一直流电。
上述全桥电路工作在第二切除状态具体为：第一二极管D1的正极接入第三直流电，第一二极管D1的负极将第三直流电输出至第三开关管T3的输入端，第三开关管T3的输出端输出第三直流电。
上述全桥电路可自消除直流故障，可应用于输入电压高的场景。
根据本申请的一些实施例，参照图7，图7示出了本申请一实施例提供的储能阀子模块中功率模块的结构示意图，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本实施例相关的部分，详述如下：半桥电路包括第五开关管T5、第六开关管T6、第五二极管D5、第六二极管D6、以及第二电容C2。
第五开关管T5的输入端、第五二极管D5的负极以及第二电容C2的第一端共同作为半桥电路的第一正极端；第六开关管T6的输出端、第六二极管D6的正极以及第二电容C2的第二端共同作为半桥电路的第一负极端和半桥电路的第二负极端；第五开关管T5的输出端、第五二极管D5的正极、第六开关管T6的输入端以及第六二极管D6的负极共同作为半桥电路的第二正极端。
其中，半桥电路的第一正极端为功率模块120的第一正极端；半桥电路的第二正极端为功率模块120的第二正极端；半桥电路的第一负极端为功率模块120的第一负极端；半桥电路的第二负极端为功率模块120的第二负极端。
需要说明的是上述开关管包括三极管、场效应管以及绝缘栅双极型晶体管。
上述半桥电路工作在第一转接状态具体为：第五二极管D5的正极接入电网输出的第一直流电，第五二极管D5的负极将第一直流电输出至储能模块110的正极，储能模块110的负极输出储能模块110充电后的第一直流电至电网。
上述半桥电路工作在第二转接状态具体为：第五开关管T5的输入端接入储能模块110的正极输出的第二直流电，第五开关管T5的输出端输出第二直流电至电网，电网回馈第二直流电至储能模块110的负极。
上述半桥电路工作在第一切除状态具体为：第六开关管T6的输入端接入电网输出的第一直流电，第六开关管T6的输出端输出第一直流电。
上述半桥电路工作在第二切除状态具体为：第六二极管D6的正极接入第三直流电，第六二极管D6的负极输出第三直流电。
上述半桥电路的结构简单，成本较低。
在一些实施例中，储能阀子模块100还包括控制器，控制器与功率模块120以及开关模块130连接，控制器用于输出驱动信号和控制信号，驱动信号用于驱动功率模块120导通和关断，控制信号用于控制开关模块130导通和关断。
其中，控制器还可以输出预设占空比的驱动信号对功率模块120进行调制，使得功率模块120与储能模块110之间的电流发生变化，比如接近0从而实现负荷电流的分断，或者占空比为100％从而完全导通。控制器输出的控制信号为多个，且一般为高低电平，用以驱动开关模块130中的各个开关导通和关断。
在一些实施例中，控制器包括子模块控制器(SubModuleController，SMC)，SMC用于监测储能阀子模块100的工作状态、接收储能阀的阀基控制设备(Valve Base Controller,VBC)下发的控制信息，并将储能阀子模块100的状态传输至VBC。同时，当SMC检测到储能阀子模块100出现故障时，由SMC将控制功率模块120以及开关模块130关断使得储能模块110旁路，并将故障信息传输至VBC，可以保证其它子模块继续正常运行。
申请实施例的技术方案中，功率模块120以及开关模块130都可以采用控制器实现在线控制，实现储能阀子模块的智能化、自动化。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种储能阀，包括上述的储能阀子模块100；储能阀子模块100可以串联连入电网。
由于储能阀包括以上任一方案的储能阀子模块100，故各储能阀子模块100通过开关模块130可以将功率模块120与储能模块110电气隔离地断开连接，使得功率模块120与储能模块110电气上解耦，在对储能阀中的储能模块110之外的部件检修时，就不会存在漏电流，保障检修人员的人身安全。同样的，若在储能阀的储能模块110侧发生非严重故障情况下，在储能阀闭锁的前提下采用开关模块130将储能模块110从系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，提升系统可用率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，本申请还提供了一种储能站，包括以上任一方案的储能阀子模块100。
需要说明的是，储能站包括多个储能阀子模块100。多个储能阀子模块100串联和/或并联连接。
由于储能站包括以上任一方案的储能阀子模块100，故可在检修时，功率模块120与储能模块110电气上解耦，保障检修人员的人身安全。同样的，若在储能站的储能模块110侧发生非严重故障情况下，在储能站闭锁的前提下采用开关模块130将储能模块110从系统中分离，不影响整机安全运行，提升系统可用率。
图8示出了本申请实施例的一种可以应用于储能站的MMC型交流直挂储能系统的结构示意图。如图8所示，该MMC型交流直挂储能系统包括6个换流桥臂组，该6个换流桥臂组(即储能阀)包括第一换流桥臂组810、第二换流桥臂组820、第三换流桥臂组830、第四换流桥臂组840、第五换流桥臂组850和第六换流桥臂组860。其中，第一换流桥臂组810和第二换流桥臂组820串联在一起，第三换流桥臂组830和第四换流桥臂组840串联在一起，第五换流桥臂组850和第六换流桥臂组860串联在一起，并且第一换流桥臂组810和第二换流桥臂组820的连接点、第三换流桥臂组830和第四换流桥臂组840的连接点以及第五换流桥臂组850和第六换流桥臂组860的连接点分别与三相交流电网连接。每个换流桥臂组均由N个储能阀子模块801以及其他辅助设备串联组成，其中，N为正整数。如图8所示，该N个储能阀子模块801包括储能阀子模块801_1，801_2，……，801_N。该辅助设备可以是启动设备和/或开关设备和/或线路保护设备和/或采样设备。例如，该辅助设备可以是图8所述的电抗器L1～L6。
图9示出了本申请实施例的一种直流直挂储能系统的结构示意图。如图9所示，该直流直挂储能系统亦称为储能阀，由n个储能阀子模块SM及其他辅助设备串联组成，其中，n为正整数。如图9所示，该n个储能阀子模块SM包括储能子模块SM#1，……，SM#n-1，SM#n。该辅助设备可以是启动设备和/或开关设备和/或线路保护设备和/或采样设备。例如，该辅助设备可以包括图9所示的n个储能阀子模块SM的正极到正极直流母线之间的快速 开关S11、隔离刀闸S12、与快速开关S11两端以及隔离闸刀S12两端连接的接地闸刀S13、电流互感器CT1以及限流电抗器L7，n个储能阀子模块SM的负极到正极直流母线之间的隔离刀闸S14、与隔离闸刀S14两端连接的接地闸刀S15以及电流互感器CT2。另外，正极直流母线上还设置有电压互感器VT1。
图10示出了本申请实施例的一种可以应用于储能站的交流直挂储能系统的结构示意图。如图10所示，该交流直挂储能系统包括3个换流桥臂组，该3个换流桥臂组(即储能阀)包括第一储能阀1110、第二储能阀1120、第三储能阀1130。其中，第一储能阀1110、第二储能阀1120、第三储能阀1130分别与三相交流电网连接。每个储能阀均由N个储能阀子模块1101以及其他辅助设备串联组成，其中，N为正整数。如图10所示，该N个储能阀子模块1101包括储能阀子模块1101_1，1101_2，……，1101_N。该辅助设备可以是启动设备和/或开关设备和/或线路保护设备和/或采样设备。例如，该辅助设备可以是图10所述的电抗器。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种储能阀子模块，其中，包括储能模块、功率模块以及开关模块；所述功率模块通过所述开关模块连通所述储能模块，或所述功率模块通过所述开关模块断开与所述储能模块的电气连接，形成电气隔离。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述开关模块包括第一开关组，所述第一开关组与所述功率模块的正极端、负极端和所述储能模块的正极、负极连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述第一开关组包括第一开关和第二开关；
    所述第一开关连接在所述功率模块的正极端和所述储能模块的正极之间；
    所述第二开关连接在所述功率模块的负极端和所述储能模块的负极之间。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述第一开关和所述第二开关包括负荷开关。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述第一开关和所述第二开关包括隔离开关。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述开关模块还包括用于分断负荷电流的第二开关组，所述第二开关组与所述第一开关组连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述第二开关组包括固态断路器，所述固态断路器与所述第一开关或所述第二开关串联。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述第二开关组包括：
    两个断路器，两个所述断路器分别与所述第一开关、所述第二开关串联。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述第二开关组包括：
    两个继电器，两个所述继电器分别与所述第一开关、所述第二开关串联。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述功率模块作为所述第二开关组用于分断负荷电流。
  11. 如权利要求1至10任一项所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述功率模块包括第一开关元件以及并联于所述第一开关元件的储能元件，所述储能元件通过所述开关模块与所述储能模块并联。
  12. 如权利要求1至11任一项所述的储能阀子模块，其中，所述功率模块包括半桥电路或者全桥电路。
  13. 如权利要求1至12任一项所述的储能阀子模块，其中，还包括控制器，所述控制 器与所述功率模块以及所述开关模块连接，所述控制器用于输出驱动信号和控制信号，所述驱动信号用于驱动所述功率模块导通和关断，所述控制信号用于控制所述开关模块导通和关断。
  14. 一种储能阀，其中，所述储能阀包括储如权利要求1至13任意一项所述的储能阀子模块。
  15. 一种储能站，其中，所述储能站包括如权利要求1至13任意一项所述的储能阀子模块。
PCT/CN2024/072466 2023-06-28 2024-01-16 储能阀子模块、储能阀及储能站 Ceased WO2025001072A1 (zh)

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