WO2024255731A1 - 一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线 - Google Patents

一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255731A1
WO2024255731A1 PCT/CN2024/098429 CN2024098429W WO2024255731A1 WO 2024255731 A1 WO2024255731 A1 WO 2024255731A1 CN 2024098429 W CN2024098429 W CN 2024098429W WO 2024255731 A1 WO2024255731 A1 WO 2024255731A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feeding unit
conductive material
lens
unit
polarization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/098429
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛泉
董政
周献庭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen Maxwellhertz Technology Co Ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
Original Assignee
Shenzhen Maxwellhertz Technology Co Ltd
South China University of Technology SCUT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Shenzhen Maxwellhertz Technology Co Ltd, South China University of Technology SCUT filed Critical Shenzhen Maxwellhertz Technology Co Ltd
Priority to AU2024303771A priority Critical patent/AU2024303771A1/en
Priority to EP24822681.3A priority patent/EP4730564A1/en
Publication of WO2024255731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255731A1/zh
Priority to US19/418,367 priority patent/US20260100517A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/10—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising three-dimensional [3D] array of impedance discontinuities, e.g. holes in conductive surfaces or conductive discs forming artificial dielectric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • FIG3 is a side view of the honeycomb microstructure in FIG2 ;
  • FIG12a is a schematic diagram of the structure when the feeding unit provided in an embodiment of the present application moves to different side walls of the microporous chamber;
  • FIG13a is a schematic diagram of a beam in which the second feed unit is working and the first feed unit and the third feed unit are not working, provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG19a is a schematic diagram showing that the long sides of the metal strips are perpendicular to the honeycomb axis direction and are evenly arranged along the honeycomb axis direction in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG19c is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG19a, wherein the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarized antenna;
  • FIG19d is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG19a, wherein the feeding unit is a 0° and 90° dual-polarized antenna;
  • FIG20b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a single-polarized antenna in which the conductive material and the feeding unit provided in FIG20a are provided;
  • FIG21a is a schematic diagram showing that the long sides of the metal strips in the embodiment of the present application form an oblique angle of +45° with the honeycomb axis direction and are evenly arranged along the honeycomb axis direction;
  • FIG21c is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG21a, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG21d is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG21a, wherein the feeding unit is a 0° and 90° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG22a is a schematic diagram showing that the long sides of the metal strips in the embodiment of the present application form an oblique angle of -45° with the honeycomb axis direction and are evenly arranged along the honeycomb axis direction;
  • FIG22b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a single-polarized antenna in which the conductive material and the feeding unit provided in FIG22a are provided;
  • FIG22c is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG22a, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG22d is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG22a, and the feeding unit is a 0° and 90° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG23a is a schematic diagram showing that the long sides of the metal strips in the embodiment of the present application are staggered at an angle of ⁇ 45° with the honeycomb axis direction and are evenly arranged along the honeycomb axis direction;
  • FIG23b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a single-polarized antenna in which the conductive material and the feeding unit provided in FIG23a are provided;
  • FIG23c is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG23a, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG23d is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG23a, and the feeding unit is a 0° and 90° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG24a is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application in which the long sides of the metal strips are randomly arranged at any angle to the honeycomb axis and at any intervals along the honeycomb axis;
  • FIG24b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG23a, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarization antenna;
  • 24c is a schematic diagram of a partial structure in which conductive materials with different extension directions are arranged on different side walls of the first microporous chamber provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarized antenna;
  • 24d is a schematic diagram of a partial structure in which conductive materials with different extension directions are arranged on different side walls of a microporous chamber provided by an embodiment of the present application, and the feeding unit is a 0° and 90° dual-polarized antenna;
  • 24e is a schematic diagram of a partial structure in which conductive materials with different extension directions are arranged on different side walls of the second microporous chamber provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarized antenna;
  • FIG25b is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the conductive material provided in FIG25a, and the feeding unit is a ⁇ 45° dual-polarization antenna;
  • FIG26 is a comparison diagram of the measured vertical plane radiation patterns before and after loading a 30 cm diameter lens in the working range of 1.7-2.7 GHz when the metal strips are distributed as shown in FIG4 in the embodiment of the present application, with the two polarizations of the orthogonal dual-polarization feed source oscillator parallel to the metal strips and perpendicular to the metal strips;
  • FIG. 1 is a comparison diagram of the measured vertical plane radiation patterns before and after loading a 30 cm diameter lens in the working range of 1.7-2.7 GHz when the metal strips are distributed as shown in FIG4 in the embodiment of the present application, with the two polarizations of the orthogonal dual-polarization feed source oscillator parallel to the metal strips and perpendicular to the metal strips;
  • Figure 27 is a comparison diagram of the measured horizontal plane radiation patterns before and after loading a 30 cm diameter lens in the operating range of 1.7-2.7 GHz when the metal strips are distributed as shown in Figure 4 in an embodiment of the present application, with the two polarizations of the orthogonal dual-polarization feed source oscillator parallel to and perpendicular to the metal strips.
  • Lens antenna 1000 Lens antenna 1000, lens unit 100, microporous chamber 110, conductive material 200, feeding unit 300, substrate 10, first rotation drive structure 50, first drive motor 40, first arc track 31, third drive motor 32, third drive structure 33, first feeding unit 310, second feeding unit 320, third feeding unit 330, second rotation drive structure 51, second drive motor 41.
  • “several” means one or more, “more” means at least two, “greater than”, “less than”, “exceed”, etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and “above”, “below”, “within”, etc. are understood to include the number itself. If there is a description of "first” or “second”, it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.
  • the present application provides a lens antenna 1000, which includes a lens unit 100 and a feed unit 300.
  • the lens unit 100 can increase the gain of the beam radiated by the feed unit 300.
  • the lens unit 100 can reduce the horizontal beam width and the vertical beam width of the beam radiated by the feed unit 300, thereby increasing the gain of the beam radiated by the feed unit 300.
  • the lens unit 100 is designed to have a suitable equivalent dielectric constant, so that the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the feeding unit 300 converges after passing through the lens unit 100, that is, becomes a parallel or nearly parallel beam, thereby improving the beam gain.
  • the present application provides an artificial dielectric material with a suitable equivalent dielectric constant and improved beam gain.
  • the artificial dielectric material provided in the first embodiment of the present application is applied to a lens unit 100 .
  • the artificial dielectric material includes a substrate 10 and a conductive material 200.
  • the conductive material 200 is a metal Graphics.
  • the substrate 10 is configured as a porous structure and has a plurality of microporous chambers 110 ; the conductive material 200 is disposed on the side walls of the microporous chambers 110 , and the shape of the microporous chambers 110 and/or at least one of the shape, size, density, and extension direction of the conductive material 200 are adjusted to obtain different equivalent dielectric constants.
  • At least one feeding unit 300 is arranged opposite to or adjacent to the lens unit 100.
  • the radiation surface of the feeding unit 300 is arranged opposite to at least a portion of the conductive material 200.
  • the angle between the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is less than or equal to a preset angle.
  • the preset angle is 90°.
  • the angle between the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is less than or equal to 90°.
  • the beam of the lens antenna 1000 is related to the angle between the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 and the extension direction of the conductive material 200.
  • the extension direction of the conductive material 200 refers to the effective induction length direction of the space electromagnetic field of the conductive material.
  • the effective induction length direction of the space electromagnetic field of the conductive material is equivalent to the two polarization directions of ⁇ 45° at the same time.
  • the conductive material is in a positive direction, and the extension direction of the conductive material can be the length direction, or the width direction, or the diagonal direction.
  • the conductive material is a rectangle, the extension direction of the conductive material can be the diagonal direction.
  • the extension direction of the conductive material 200 can be the length direction.
  • the shape and size of the microporous chamber 110, and the shape, size, density, and extension direction of the conductive material 200 can all affect the equivalent dielectric constant of the artificial dielectric material.
  • the shape of the microporous chamber 110 to be a first preset shape and size
  • the shape of the conductive material 200 to be a second preset shape
  • the size of the conductive material 200 to be a preset size
  • the extension direction of the conductive material 200 to be a preset extension direction the equivalent dielectric constant of the artificial dielectric material can be made to be a preset dielectric constant.
  • the electrical length of the electromagnetic waves entering the feeding unit 300 at all radiation angles can be changed, thereby achieving parallel or nearly parallel beams when all electromagnetic waves are emitted from the lens unit 100, presenting the effects of beam convergence, more concentrated energy, and higher gain.
  • the dielectric constant of the material of the substrate 10 is relatively low, about 1.6.
  • the substrate 10 is a porous structure, the component in the pores is air, and the dielectric constant of air is 1. Therefore, the equivalent dielectric constant of the substrate 10 in space is smaller than the dielectric constant of the material of the substrate 10.
  • a large amount of conductive material 200 attached to the side wall of the microporous chamber 110 can be adjusted in size, distribution density, molded shape, relative orientation relationship between extension direction and oscillator polarization, etc. according to the lens design requirements, to produce equivalent effective dielectric constants, and then obtain the desired spatial directional pattern performance, thereby solving the problem of low design freedom of existing artificial dielectric materials.
  • ⁇ 0 is the dielectric constant of vacuum
  • N′ is the number of conductive materials 200 per unit cross-sectional space
  • w is the effective length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the vibrator.
  • the size, shape, and angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the vibrator of the feeding unit 300 of the conductive material 200 will all affect the size of w
  • the arrangement density of the conductive material 200 will affect the size of N′.
  • the size, arrangement density, shape, and angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the vibrator of the feeding unit 300 of the conductive material 200 will all affect the equivalent dielectric constant of the artificial dielectric material.
  • the shape of the microporous chamber will affect the extension direction of the conductive material 200, and the size of the microporous chamber will affect the arrangement density of the conductive material 200.
  • the shape of the microporous chamber 110 is designed to be a first preset shape
  • the size of the microporous chamber is a first preset size
  • the shape of the conductive material 200 is a second preset shape
  • the size of the conductive material 200 is a second preset size
  • the arrangement density of the conductive material 200 is a preset density, so that the equivalent length gain of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the oscillator is higher, and the number of conductive materials 200 in the unit cross-sectional space is relatively more.
  • the size of the conductive material 200 is adjusted according to the lens design requirements, including designing the electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 to be less than or equal to 1/20 wavelength of the center frequency point of the frequency band supported by the feeding unit 300. In this way, the conductive material 200 will not resonate, but only generate an electric dipole moment, which can be equivalent to a dielectric material, thereby forming the effect of the lens unit 100, so that the radiation source on one side of the lens unit 100 forms a nearly parallel beam after passing through the lens unit 100, thereby achieving maximum energy concentration.
  • the electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 is designed to be less than 1/20 of the wavelength, and the arrangement density of the conductive material 200 is designed to be dense, which is equivalent to the lens unit 100 with a dielectric constant of 1-2.
  • the electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 is designed to be close to or equal to 1/20 of the wavelength, and the arrangement density of the conductive material 200 is designed to be sparse, which is equivalent to the lens unit 100 with a dielectric constant of 1-2.
  • the electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 is designed to be close to or equal to 1/20 of the wavelength, and the arrangement density of the conductive material 200 is designed to be dense, which is equivalent to the lens unit 100 with a dielectric constant of 1-2 or even greater.
  • the aforementioned adjustment of the relative orientation relationship between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 on the side wall of the microporous chamber 110 and the polarization of the dipole is equivalent to different effective dielectric constants, thereby obtaining the desired spatial radiation pattern performance.
  • the beam (gain, width) of the lens antenna 1000 provided in the present application can change with the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the dipole of the feeding unit 300.
  • the electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the dipole changes, causing the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100 to change, thereby causing the beam (gain, width) of the lens antenna 1000 to change.
  • the lens antenna 1000 forms a nearly parallel beam, the beam gain increases greatly, the beam width decreases greatly, the beam is relatively narrow and relatively long, and is applied to signal coverage in narrow and long areas such as high-speed railways, highways, rivers and tunnels, or applied to signal coverage in large sports venues, densely populated residential areas, sea areas and other scenes requiring high gain.
  • the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100 is much smaller than the preset dielectric constant, the beam gain of the lens antenna 1000 increases less, the beam width decreases less, the beam is relatively wide and the signal coverage distance is relatively short, so that it can be applied to places with a small number of terminal connections and a small amount of data transmission, and can save antenna power consumption.
  • the relative orientation relationship between the conductive material 200 on the side wall of the microporous chamber 110 and the polarization direction of the vibrator of the feeding unit 300 is adjusted. In other words, the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 on the side wall of the microporous chamber 110 and the polarization direction of the vibrator of the feeding unit 300 is adjusted.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 is adjustable.
  • the angle of the lens unit 100 is adjustable, so as to change the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and further change the effective induced electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the vibrator.
  • the lens unit 100 is a rotatable structure (rotatable around the perpendicular midline L1 of the feed unit 300), and the position of the feed unit 300 is relatively fixed.
  • the lens antenna 1000 includes a first rotation drive structure 50 and a first drive motor 40, one end of the first rotation drive structure 50 is connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor 40, and the other end of the first rotation drive structure 50 is electrically connected to the lens unit 100, and the first rotation drive structure 50 rotates under the drive of the first drive motor 40, and drives the lens unit 100 to rotate around the perpendicular midline L1 of the feed unit 300.
  • the extension direction of the conductive material 200 on the side wall of the microporous chamber 110 on the lens unit 100 is adjusted, for example, the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is adjusted from the same as the polarization direction of the oscillator, to intersecting with the polarization direction of the oscillator, to perpendicular to the polarization direction of the oscillator, and then the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100 is adjusted to be close to or equal to the preset dielectric constant to form a relatively narrow and relatively long beam, which can be applied to signal coverage in narrow and long areas such as high-speed railways, highways, rivers and tunnels, or to signal coverage in large sports venues, densely populated residential areas, sea areas and other scenes requiring high gain; or, the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100 is adjusted to be much smaller than the preset dielectric constant to form a relatively wide and relatively short beam, which can be applied to places with a small number of terminal connections and a small amount of data transmission, and can
  • the angle of the feeding unit 300 is adjustable, so as to change the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300, thereby changing the (effective induction) electrical length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the oscillator.
  • the artificial dielectric material of the first embodiment of the present application is a porous structure with microporous chambers 110, which is stable and reliable, does not deform after long-term use, is acid-resistant, waterproof, flame-retardant, and has a density of less than 30kg/ m3 ; the conductive material 200 does not fall off, and the relative position between the conductive materials 200 is fixed, and will not contact and affect the intermodulation index of the base station antenna. And this design can be mass-produced through honeycomb technology and printing, metal printing, etching and other processes, thereby solving the problem of poor manufacturability of existing artificial dielectric materials.
  • the long side direction of at least one metal pattern is arranged at a preset angle with the polarization direction of the polarizer.
  • the lens unit 100 according to the second embodiment of the present application includes the artificial medium material according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • a method for manufacturing a lens unit 100 according to an embodiment of a third aspect of the present application which may be the method for manufacturing a lens unit 100 according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application, comprises the following steps:
  • the conductive material 200 is disposed on the substrate 10.
  • the molding shape and distribution density are adjusted according to the lens design requirements to obtain different effective dielectric constants.
  • the substrate 10 is made into a honeycomb structure by a honeycomb preparation process, and the conductive material 200 is located on the side wall of the microporous chamber 110;
  • the substrate 10 is processed into the lens unit 100 .
  • the aramid paper is first cut to a suitable size, then printed with a certain number of metal strips, and then goes through a series of honeycomb process production processes to produce a honeycomb structure raw material for secondary processing by mechanical equipment into a specific three-dimensional shape lens unit 100 for use.
  • the dielectric constant of the natural medium is equivalent to that of the metal strips of a certain density distributed in a certain spatial area.
  • the hexagonal microstructure of the paper base is used, and a certain density of metal strips are attached to the side walls of these microstructures through printing and other processes, so as to obtain the desired equivalent dielectric constant.
  • the gain and beam width of the desired directional pattern are designed to determine the size of the spherical lens with a certain dielectric constant; the above work can be simulated through electromagnetic simulation software; according to the theory and simulation results, the manufacturing process of honeycomb aramid paper is used for physical processing, and then the accuracy of the simulation data is tested and verified.
  • the conductive material 200 is formed into a metal pattern through a printing process and attached to the side wall of the microporous chamber 110.
  • a certain number of metal patterns attached to the side wall of the honeycomb microstructure are rectangular thin metal strips with a thickness of 5 to 10 um, or other thickness sizes designed according to actual requirements; the shape of the metal strip can also be square, circular, elliptical, or even any shape; the thickness of the metal strip can also be increased, and then it can be a cube, a cuboid, a sphere, an ellipsoid, or a three-dimensional metal body of any shape.
  • the lens antenna 1000 of the fourth aspect embodiment of the present application may be a lens base station antenna.
  • the lens antenna 1000 includes the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 of the second aspect embodiment of the present application.
  • the spatial positions of the feeding unit 300 and the lens unit 100 are relatively fixed.
  • the lens antenna 1000 includes a paper-based artificial dielectric spherical lens unit 100 with a honeycomb structure, a base station antenna vibrator feeding unit 300 and some other connecting auxiliary parts.
  • the paper-based artificial dielectric spherical lens unit 100 with a honeycomb structure is made of a paper-based artificial dielectric material with a hexagonal honeycomb microstructure and has a spherical appearance.
  • the base station antenna vibrator feeding unit 300 forms a structural whole with the spherical lens unit 100 through some other connecting auxiliary parts. Specifically, the feeding unit 300 is fixed to the edge of the lens unit 100 through the connecting auxiliary parts.
  • the polarization mode of the feeding unit 300 is orthogonal dual-linear polarization; in other embodiments, the polarization mode may also be other polarization modes such as elliptical or circular polarization.
  • the beam of the artificial medium lens is a single beam
  • the feed source is a single frequency band.
  • the relative position of the feed source and the paper-based lens unit 100 can be changed to obtain different directional patterns.
  • the feed source can be placed not only outside the lens, but also inside the lens to obtain a specific directional pattern.
  • the number of feed sources can be more than one, or multiple.
  • the lens unit 100 may be spherical or cylindrical, etc. Take the spherical lens unit 100 as an example.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a single-polarized antenna, that is, the feeding unit 300 includes a symmetrical dipole.
  • the dipole has one polarization direction.
  • the conductive material 200 is in the shape of a long strip structure (or a linear structure).
  • the conductive material 200 is a one-dimensional structure, such as a metal strip, and the extension direction of the metal strip is parallel to the axis of the microporous chamber.
  • the feeding unit 300 includes a single polarization vibrator.
  • the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200 is the same as or forms a small angle with the polarization direction of the polarization vibrator.
  • the length direction of the conductive material 200 is close to or equal to the maximum effective induction length of the conductive material 200 in the polarization direction of the vibrator.
  • the benefit of w in the conductive material 200 provided in this embodiment is the largest.
  • the conductive material 200 contributes to the improvement of the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100 with a large benefit. With a relatively short length of the conductive material 200, the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100 can be highly improved.
  • the amount of the conductive material 200 in the unit space can be increased, thereby providing space for increasing the N′ value in the formula (1).
  • the lens unit 100 can have a relatively small size and a light weight.
  • the long side direction of the conductive material 200 is the axial direction of the microporous chamber
  • the polarization direction of the polarizer of the feeding unit 300 is also the axial direction of the microporous chamber.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the dipole of the feeding unit 300 may be adjustable or not.
  • this embodiment in combination with the aforementioned embodiments, in the implementation manner of three adjustable angles of the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300, this embodiment can achieve the adjustment of the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 to a first angle range, wherein the first angle range includes a range of 0° and close to 0°.
  • the first angle range is [0° ⁇ n°), and n can be one of 5 to 30.
  • the conductive material 200 has the greatest benefit in improving the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100, which is conducive to forming a lens unit 100 that is close to or at a preset dielectric constant, so as to form a first beam with a relatively narrow beam, relatively strong directivity, and relatively large gain, so as to be applied to signal coverage in narrow and long areas such as high-speed railways, highways, rivers and tunnels, Or it can be used in large sports venues, densely populated residential areas, sea areas, etc. where narrow beam or high gain signal coverage is required.
  • This embodiment can also adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 to a second angle range, wherein the second angle range includes a range of 45° and close to 45°.
  • the second angle range is [n° ⁇ 45° ⁇ m°), and m can be one of 45 to 60.
  • the conductive material 200 has a relatively large benefit in improving the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100, which is conducive to forming a second beam.
  • the width of the second beam is greater than the width of the first beam, the directivity of the second beam is less than the directivity of the first beam, and the gain of the second beam is less than the gain of the first beam.
  • This embodiment can also adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 to a third angle range, wherein the third angle range includes a range of 90° and close to 90°.
  • the third angle range is [m° ⁇ 90°], and m can be one of 60-90.
  • the conductive material 200 has a relatively large benefit in improving the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100, which is conducive to forming a third beam.
  • the width of the third beam is greater than the width of the second beam, the directivity of the third beam is less than the directivity of the second beam, and the gain of the third beam is less than the gain of the second beam, so as to form a relatively wide and relatively weakly directional beam, so as to be applied to places with a small number of terminal signal connections and a small amount of data transmission tasks, and can save antenna power consumption.
  • switching among the first angle range, the second angle range, and the third angle range, or switching between the first angle range and the third angle range, for example, switching between 0° and 90° can be achieved.
  • the feed unit 300 can rotate around the lens unit 100 in the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100.
  • the lens antenna 1000 further includes a first arc track 31, a third drive motor 32 and a third drive structure 33 (driven by the third drive motor 32).
  • the first arc track 31 is arranged along the equatorial plane.
  • the third drive structure 33 connects the third drive motor 32 and the feed unit 300.
  • the third drive motor 32 drives the feed unit 300 to rotate around the lens unit 100 in the equatorial plane, thereby realizing beam scanning.
  • the first arc track 31 is an arc tooth
  • the third drive structure 33 is a gear meshing with the first arc track 31.
  • FIG. 12a A plurality of conductive materials 200 are arranged in a circle on the plurality of side walls of the microporous chamber 110.
  • the third driving motor 32 drives the feeding unit 300 to move to different positions to achieve horizontal scanning of the high-gain beam. For example, after the lens unit 100 is set, the original horizontal beam width of the feeding unit 300 is reduced from 65° to 33° (the ellipse in FIG. 12a is a beam schematic diagram), and the feeding unit 300 can be driven (for example, by the third driving motor 32 in FIG. 11) to move to different positions to ensure that the feeding unit 300 can have a wider coverage range.
  • the position of the feeding unit 300 can be set unchanged, and the position of the lens unit 100 changes relative to the position of the feeding unit 300 to achieve beam scanning.
  • the solid line feed unit 300 indicates the current position
  • the dotted line frame at the upper left corner of the feed unit 300 indicates a position (not limited to this position) where the feed unit 300 can move along the arc
  • the dotted line frame at the upper right corner of the feed unit 300 indicates another position where the feed unit 300 can move along the arc.
  • the solid line beam in the middle of the three elliptical beams is the beam formed by the feed unit 300 at the current position after the lens is applied
  • the dotted line beam on the left of the three elliptical beams is the beam formed by the feed unit 300 moving along the arc to the upper right corner position after the lens is applied
  • the dotted line beam on the right of the three elliptical beams is the beam formed by the feed unit 300 moving along the arc to the upper left corner position after the lens is applied.
  • the three elliptical beams in FIG12a are schematic diagrams after being greatly reduced in scale. In actual practice, the three elliptical beams may be adjacent, close to each other, or partially overlap. The same is true for subsequent figures with multiple beams, which will not be described one by one.
  • the lens antenna 1000 provided by the present application can also be used in occasions where the flow of people in a venue changes, and the extension direction of the feed unit 300 and the position of the feed unit 300 are adjusted according to the data transmission task amount.
  • the data transmission task amount is small, and the feed unit 300 can be rotated around the perpendicular to the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200 to be perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarization vibrator, so as to form a wide beam to cover a wider range, such as covering 65°, to meet the needs of fewer users in the venue and small data transmission task amount.
  • the feed unit 300 can be rotated around the perpendicular to the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200 to be the same or nearly the same as the polarization direction of the polarization vibrator, to form a narrower beam with large gain, such as covering 33°, (increasing the number of beams and carrier frequencies at the same time) to meet the situation of large data transmission task amount when the number of people in the venue is dense.
  • the solid line feed unit 300 indicates the current position
  • the dotted line frame in the upper left corner of the feed unit 300 indicates a position (not limited to this position) where the feed unit 300 can move along an arc
  • the dotted line frame in the upper right corner of the feed unit 300 indicates another position where the feed unit 300 can move along an arc.
  • the solid line beam in the middle of the three elliptical beams is the beam formed by the feed unit 300 after the lens is applied at the current position. Since the vibrator direction (polarization direction) of the feed unit 300 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the conductive material 200 at this time, the beam is a wide beam.
  • the feed unit 300 can be rotated to the point where the vibrator direction (polarization direction) of the feed unit 300 is the same as the extension direction of the conductive material 200.
  • the dotted line beam on the left of the three elliptical beams is the beam formed by the feed unit 300 after the lens is applied when the feed unit 300 moves along an arc to the upper right corner position.
  • the dashed beam on the right of the three elliptical beams is a beam formed after the feeding unit 300 moves along an arc to the upper left corner and is acted upon by a lens.
  • each feeding unit 300 faces a surface of the microporous chamber 110.
  • the cross-section of the microporous chamber 110 is circular, triangular, square, rectangular, rhombus, etc.
  • FIG. 13 a there are three feeding units 300 , and the cross-section of the microporous chamber 110 is a triangle, a hexagon, or the like.
  • the lens antenna 1000 provided by the present application can also be used in occasions where the flow of people in a venue changes, and the extension direction and the number of operations of the feed unit 300 are adjusted according to the data transmission task amount.
  • the data transmission task amount is small, and one or both of the first feed unit 310, the second feed unit 320, and the third feed unit 330 work, which can reduce the power consumption of the antenna.
  • the switch unit controls the second feed unit 320 located in the middle position to work, and the first feed unit 310 in the upper left corner and the third feed unit 330 in the upper right corner do not work.
  • the second feed unit 320 can be rotated around the perpendicular bisector until the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200 is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarization oscillator, so as to form a wide beam covering a wider range, for example, covering 65°, to meet the needs of fewer users in the venue and small data transmission tasks.
  • multiple groups of lens antennas 1000 may be provided to provide signal coverage within a 360° range.
  • the feeding unit 300 includes a dual-polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization directions of the feeding unit 300 are two orthogonal directions, specifically including but not limited to ⁇ 45° polarization, vertical and horizontal polarization.
  • the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are arranged to be relatively rotatable to switch to a first state: the feeding unit 300 includes a dual-polarization vibrator, and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the dual-polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 are both 45°; or switch to a second state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as one polarization direction; or switch to a third state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as another polarization direction.
  • each feeding unit 300 can be switched to the first state, the second state, or the third state.
  • the feeding unit 300 may also rotate around the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • FIG. 19a to FIG. 25b provide several other embodiments.
  • the direction of the metal strip in the artificial dielectric lens is perpendicular to the direction of the honeycomb axis.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a single-polarized antenna.
  • the extension direction of the metal strip is perpendicular to the axis of the microporous chamber 110.
  • the feeding unit 300 can rotate around the lens unit 100 on the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100.
  • This embodiment can roughly refer to the third embodiment, but the difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that when adjusting the position of the feeding unit 300 in the third embodiment, since the length direction of the conductive material 200 is the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110, it is not necessary to rotate the feeding unit 300 to face the side wall of the microporous chamber 110, and the conductive material 200 can always be kept parallel to or facing the radiation surface of the feeding unit 300.
  • the conductive material 200 can increase the effective dielectric constant and ensure that the formed beam has good symmetry.
  • each feeding unit 300 faces a side wall of the microporous chamber 110 .
  • the cross section of the microporous chamber 110 is hexagonal, and there are three feeding units 300, namely, a first feeding unit 310, a second feeding unit 320, and a third feeding unit 330.
  • the first feeding unit 310, the second feeding unit 320, and the third feeding unit 330 are respectively opposite to three adjacent side walls of the microporous chamber 110.
  • At least one feeding unit 300 can adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300.
  • the lens antenna 1000 provided in the present application can also be used in places where the flow of people changes, such as venues, and the extension direction and the number of operations of the feed unit 300 are adjusted according to the amount of data transmission tasks.
  • the amount of data transmission tasks is small, and one or both of the first feed unit 310, the second feed unit 320, and the third feed unit 330 are working, which can reduce the power consumption of the antenna.
  • the second feed unit 320 located in the middle position is working, and when the second feed unit 320 is in the initial position, the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200 is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarization vibrator, so as to form a wide beam covering a wider range, for example, covering 65°, to meet the needs of fewer users in the venue and small data transmission tasks.
  • the first feed unit 310, the second feed unit 320, and the third feed unit 330 are all working, and the first feed unit 310 and/or the lens unit 100 are rotated so that the polarization direction of the polarization oscillator of the first feed unit 310 is the same or nearly the same as the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200, and the second feed unit 320 and/or the lens unit 100 are rotated so that the polarization direction of the second feed unit 320 is the same as the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200.
  • the polarization direction of the vibrator is the same as or nearly the same as the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200.
  • the third feeding unit 330 and/or the lens unit 100 are rotated to make the polarization direction of the polarized vibrator of the third feeding unit 330 the same as or nearly the extension direction (long side direction) of the conductive material 200, so as to form three adjacent narrower beams with large gain.
  • each beam covers 40° to cover a horizontal width range of 120°, so as to meet the needs of a large amount of data transmission tasks in a local area where the number of people is densely populated in the venue.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a dual-polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization directions of the feeding unit 300 are two orthogonal directions, specifically including but not limited to ⁇ 45° polarization, horizontal and vertical polarization.
  • the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are arranged to be relatively rotatable to switch to a first state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the two polarization directions are both 45°; or switch to a second state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as one polarization direction; or switch to a third state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as the other polarization direction.
  • each feeding unit 300 can be switched to the first state, the second state, or the third state.
  • the feeding unit 300 may also rotate around the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • the metal strips in the artificial dielectric lens have two orientations, which are parallel or perpendicular to the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110.
  • the microporous chamber 110 is a honeycomb
  • the two oriented metal strips are parallel or perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the two oriented metal strips can be alternately arranged on the same side wall.
  • the two orientations are arranged on different side walls.
  • the present embodiment can be adapted to a plurality of feeding units 300 with different polarization directions.
  • an effective current along the polarization direction can be formed on the conductive material 200 on the lens unit 100, thereby achieving an improvement in the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100, and thereby achieving an improvement in the beam gain of the feeding unit 300.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a single polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 forms a 45° angle with the two oriented metal strips, respectively, so that the two oriented metal strips have a dielectric constant increase benefit, so that the beam of the feeding unit 300 after the lens unit 100 has good symmetry in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 can be adjusted to form the aforementioned first beam or second beam, and then applied to the corresponding scenes respectively.
  • the feeding unit 300 can rotate around the lens unit 100 on the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100.
  • the two orientations are respectively provided on different side walls to achieve beam reconstruction, for example, reconstruction from the first beam to the third beam, or reconstruction from the third beam to the first beam.
  • the cross-section of the microporous chamber 110 is triangular, hexagonal, etc.
  • the cross section of the microporous chamber 110 is hexagonal, and there are three feeding units 300, namely, a first feeding unit 310, a second feeding unit 320, and a third feeding unit 330.
  • the first feeding unit 310, the second feeding unit 320, and the third feeding unit 330 are respectively opposite to three different side walls of the microporous chamber 110.
  • At least one feeding unit 300 can adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300.
  • the lens unit 100 is rotated so that the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is approximately parallel to the polarization directions of the first feeding unit 310 and the third feeding unit 330, and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is approximately perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second feeding unit 320, so as to form a beam with large gain on both sides and a large width in the middle, which is used in scenarios where the transmission task volume on both sides is relatively large and the transmission task volume in the middle is relatively small.
  • the polarization directions of the first feeding unit 310 and the third feeding unit 330 are adjusted to be nearly parallel to the extension direction of the conductive material 200, so as to form a beam coverage with a small width and a large gain in the middle and on both sides, so as to be applied to scenarios with relatively large transmission tasks covering a wider range.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a dual-polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization directions of the feeding unit 300 are two orthogonal directions, specifically including but not limited to ⁇ 45° polarization, horizontal and vertical polarization.
  • the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 forms an angle of 45° with the two oriented metal strips, so that the beam of the feeding unit 300 after being acted upon by the lens unit 100 has good symmetry in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 can be adjusted to form the aforementioned first beam or second beam, and then be applied to corresponding scenes respectively.
  • the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are arranged to be relatively rotatable to switch to the first state: referring to FIG. 20c , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the two polarization directions are both 45°; or switch to the second state: referring to FIG. 20d , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as one polarization direction; or switch to the third state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as the other polarization direction.
  • each feeding unit 300 may be switched to the first state, the second state, or the third state.
  • the feeding unit 300 may also rotate around the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • the metal strips in the artificial dielectric lens are oriented at an angle of +45° to the axis of the honeycomb (microporous chamber 110) and in a uniform direction.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a single-polarized antenna, that is, the feeding unit 300 includes a pair of symmetrical dipoles.
  • the dipoles have one polarization direction.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the dipole polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 is adjustable or not.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the vibrator of the feeding unit 300 is adjustable, the angle between the polarization directions of the vibrator is adjusted from along the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110 to along the extension direction of the conductive material 200.
  • the beam width adjustment and beam gain adjustment can be achieved by rotating 45 degrees. The rotation angle is reduced, the design requirements for the rotation drive structure are reduced, and it is easier to implement.
  • the feeding unit 300 can rotate around the lens unit 100 on the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100.
  • the conductive material 200 since the length direction of the conductive material 200 forms an angle of 45° with the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110, the conductive material 200 has a certain effective electrical induction length in the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110, and it is not necessary to rotate the feeding unit 300 to face the side wall of the microporous chamber 110, nor is it necessary to always keep the conductive material 200 parallel to or facing the radiation surface of the feeding unit 300.
  • the conductive material 200 can form a current in the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 under the coupling of the radiation field, thereby modifying the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100.
  • the cross section of the microporous chamber 110 is hexagonal, and there are three feeding units 300, namely, a first feeding unit 310, a second feeding unit 320, and a third feeding unit 330.
  • the first feeding unit 310, the second feeding unit 320, and the third feeding unit 330 are respectively opposite to three adjacent side walls of the microporous chamber 110.
  • At least one feeding unit 300 can adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a bipolar
  • the polarization directions of the feeding unit 300 are two orthogonal directions, specifically including but not limited to ⁇ 45° polarization and horizontal and vertical polarization.
  • the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are arranged to be relatively rotatable to switch to the first state: referring to FIG. 21c , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the two polarization directions are both 45°; or switch to the second state: referring to FIG. 21d , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as one polarization direction; or switch to the third state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as the other polarization direction.
  • each feeding unit 300 can be switched to the first state, the second state, or the third state.
  • the feeding unit 300 may also rotate around the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • the metal strips in the artificial dielectric lens are oriented at an angle of -45° to the axis of the honeycomb (microporous chamber 110) and in a uniform direction.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a single-polarized antenna, that is, the feeding unit 300 includes a pair of symmetrical dipoles.
  • the dipoles have one polarization direction.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the dipole polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 is adjustable or not.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the vibrator of the feeding unit 300 is adjustable, the angle between the polarization directions of the vibrator is adjusted from along the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110 to along the extension direction of the conductive material 200.
  • the beam width adjustment and beam gain adjustment can be achieved by rotating 45 degrees. The rotation angle is reduced, the design requirements for the rotation drive structure are reduced, and it is easier to implement.
  • the feeding unit 300 can rotate around the lens unit 100 on the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100.
  • the conductive material 200 since the length direction of the conductive material 200 forms an angle of 45° with the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110, the conductive material 200 has a certain effective electrical length in the axial direction of the microporous chamber 110, and it is not necessary to rotate the feeding unit 300 to face the side wall of the microporous chamber 110, nor is it necessary to always keep the conductive material 200 parallel to or facing the radiation surface of the feeding unit 300.
  • the conductive material 200 can form a current in the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 under the coupling of the radiation field, thereby modifying the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100.
  • the cross section of the microporous chamber 110 is hexagonal, and there are three feeding units 300, namely, a first feeding unit 310, a second feeding unit 320, and a third feeding unit 330.
  • the first feeding unit 310, the second feeding unit 320, and the third feeding unit 330 are respectively opposite to three adjacent side walls of the microporous chamber 110.
  • At least one feeding unit 300 can adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a dual-polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization directions of the feeding unit 300 are two orthogonal directions, specifically including but not limited to ⁇ 45° polarization and horizontal and vertical polarization.
  • the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are arranged to be relatively rotatable to switch to the first state: referring to FIG. 22c , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the two polarization directions are both 45°; or switch to the second state: referring to FIG. 22d , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as one polarization direction; or switch to the third state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as the other polarization direction.
  • each feeding unit 300 can be switched to the first state, the second state, or the third state.
  • the feeding unit 300 may also rotate around the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • the metal strips in the artificial dielectric lens are oriented to alternately form angles of +45° and -45° with the axis of the honeycomb (microporous chamber 110).
  • the present embodiment can be adapted to the feed units 300 in various polarization directions. Regardless of the polarization direction of the feed unit 300, the conductive material 200 on the lens unit 100 can form an effective current along the polarization direction, thereby improving the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100, thereby improving the beam gain of the feed unit 300.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a single polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 forms a 45° angle with the two oriented metal strips, so that the two oriented metal strips have a dielectric constant increase benefit, so that the beam of the feeding unit 300 after the lens unit 100 has good symmetry in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 can be adjusted to form the aforementioned first beam or second beam, and then applied to the corresponding scenes respectively.
  • the feed unit 300 The lens unit 100 may be rotated around the lens unit 100 at the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100.
  • the two orientations are respectively arranged on different side walls to achieve beam reconstruction, for example, reconstruction from the first beam to the third beam, or reconstruction from the third beam to the first beam.
  • each feeding unit 300 faces a surface of the microporous chamber 110 .
  • the cross-section of the microporous chamber 110 is triangular, hexagonal, etc.
  • the cross section of the microporous chamber 110 is hexagonal, and there are three feeding units 300, namely, a first feeding unit 310, a second feeding unit 320, and a third feeding unit 330.
  • the first feeding unit 310, the second feeding unit 320, and the third feeding unit 330 are respectively opposite to three different side walls of the microporous chamber 110.
  • At least one feeding unit 300 can adjust the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300.
  • the polarization direction of at least one of the first feeding unit 310 , the second feeding unit 320 and the third feeding unit 330 and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 are adjustable.
  • the polarization direction of the second feeding unit 320 is adjusted to be perpendicular to the extension direction of the conductive material 200 to form a beam coverage with large width in the middle and on both sides, so as to be applied to scenarios with a wide coverage range and a relatively small transmission task volume.
  • the lens unit 100 is rotated so that the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is approximately parallel to the polarization directions of the first feeding unit 310 and the third feeding unit 330, and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is approximately perpendicular to the polarization direction of the second feeding unit 320, so as to form a beam with large gain on both sides and a large width in the middle, which is used in scenarios where the transmission task volume on both sides is relatively large and the transmission task volume in the middle is relatively small.
  • the polarization directions of the first feeding unit 310 and the third feeding unit 330 are adjusted to be nearly parallel to the extension direction of the conductive material 200, so as to form a beam coverage with a small width and a large gain in the middle and on both sides, so as to be applied to scenarios with relatively large transmission tasks covering a wider range.
  • the feeding unit 300 is a dual-polarization oscillator.
  • the polarization directions of the feeding unit 300 are two orthogonal directions, specifically including but not limited to ⁇ 45° polarization and horizontal and vertical polarization.
  • the polarization direction of the feeding unit 300 forms an angle of 45° with the two oriented metal strips, so that the beam of the feeding unit 300 after being acted upon by the lens unit 100 has good symmetry in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction.
  • the angle between the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the polarization direction of the oscillator of the feeding unit 300 can be adjusted to form the aforementioned first beam or second beam, and then be applied to corresponding scenes respectively.
  • the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are arranged to be relatively rotatable to switch to the first state: referring to FIG. 23c , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 and the two polarization directions are both 45°; or switch to the second state: referring to FIG. 23d , the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as one polarization direction; or switch to the third state: the extension direction of the conductive material 200 is the same as the other polarization direction.
  • each feeding unit 300 may be switched to the first state, the second state, or the third state.
  • the feeding unit 300 may also rotate around the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • the metal strips in the artificial dielectric lens are oriented at any angle to the axial direction of the honeycomb (microporous chamber 110), and the strip spacing is also randomly taken.
  • the extension direction of the conductive material 200 has multiple directions. Compared with the conductive material 200 with one extension direction or two extension directions, the conductive material 200 in this embodiment has more extension directions, so it can be consistent with the polarization direction of the feed units 300 with multiple different rotation directions, and can be adapted to more feed units 300 with different polarization directions.
  • the conductive material 200 on the lens unit 100 can form an effective current with higher gain along the polarization direction, thereby realizing the improvement of the equivalent dielectric constant of the lens unit 100, and then realizing the improvement of the beam gain of the feed unit 300.
  • the setting rotation direction of the feed unit 300 is more flexible and unlimited.
  • the lens unit 100 when the conductive material 200 extends in one direction or two directions, the lens unit 100 has a certain selectivity for the feed unit 300, that is, it has a gain enhancement effect on the beam of the feed unit 300 in certain specific rotation directions.
  • the number of side walls of the microporous chamber 110 is multiple, and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 on each side wall is the same or different.
  • the extension directions of the conductive materials 200 on different side walls are the same or different.
  • the extension directions of the conductive materials 200 on two adjacent side walls are perpendicular to each other.
  • the conductive materials 200 on two adjacent side walls are respectively along the microporous chamber 110. or, the two adjacent side walls are respectively along the axis of the microporous chamber 110 and perpendicular to the axis of the microporous chamber 110 .
  • FIG. 25 a different metal shapes are shown. In addition to rectangles, they can also be circular, elliptical, etc., which can all be used in artificial dielectric materials.
  • the conductive material 200 may also be a two-dimensional structure.
  • the shape of the conductive material 200 may also include a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a cross, a positive direction, and the like.
  • the feeding unit 300 includes a dual-polarization oscillator, and the extension direction of the conductive material 200 includes a first direction and a second direction, the first direction is the same as one polarization direction of the feeding unit 300, and the second direction is the same as another polarization direction of the feeding unit 300.
  • the conductive material 200 is a two-dimensional structure having an effective electrical length in at least two directions.
  • the conductive material 200 when it is in the shape of a rectangle, it has an effective electrical length in both the length direction and the width direction of the rectangle, thereby being able to reduce the beam width of the dual-polarization feeding unit 300 along the length direction and the width direction of the conductive material 200, thereby improving the beam gain.
  • the dual-polarization feeding unit 300 may rotate around the lens unit 100 on the equatorial plane of the lens unit 100 to achieve beam scanning.
  • Each feeding unit 300 faces a surface of the microporous chamber 110, so that multiple high-gain beams together cover a wider range.
  • the electromagnetic wave frequencies are mainly 698-960MHz, 1710-2690MHz, 3.3-3.8GHz, and 4.8-5.0GHz. These four frequency bands. Therefore, the operating frequency of the feed unit 300 of the present application is 1710-2690MHz, and the feed source can also operate in different communication frequency bands such as 698-960MHz, 3.3-3.8GHz, and 4.8-5.0GHz. According to the maximum power direction of the desired spatial radiation pattern, its position can be moved arbitrarily within a 360° range along the edge of the lens structure.
  • the lens unit 100 is set to be spherical. In order to minimize the volume of the entire antenna, the lens unit 100 is located directly above the feeding unit 300, and the lens unit 100 and the feeding unit 300 are seamlessly attached to each other. In other embodiments, the lens unit 100 can also be away from or wrap around the dipole feed source to form various desired spatial directional patterns.
  • the lens base station antenna proposed in the present application does not require multiple array units and complex feeding networks to obtain a spatial radiation pattern with higher gain; and the vertical plane of the radiation pattern can be designed to be relatively wide, which is used for uniform coverage of communication signals in long strips and other areas at long distances; since the density of the paper-based honeycomb structure is low and the entire antenna has only one lens unit 100 and one feeding vibrator unit, the base station antenna proposed in the present application has a smaller appearance size and weight, and is more suitable for engineering installation in actual network construction; the simple and compact structure is also more suitable for large-scale production in the industry.
  • FIG. 1 which is a spherical lens made of the artificial dielectric material proposed in the present application, is a graph observed when viewed from above along the axis of the honeycomb micro-unit, and all the micro-structures are in a honeycomb shape.
  • Strip metal is attached to the structure wall. Since the strip metal has a long side and a short side, there is an orientation direction of the long side.
  • the feed source uses a 1.7-2.7 GHz dual-polarization dipole unit, the lens uses a unit with a diameter of 10 cm, and the corresponding simulation results at a frequency of 2.2 GHz are given.
  • Figure 17 shows the case where the dual-polarization feed is at a 45° angle to the cell axis; the same gain can be obtained.
  • Figure 18 shows the directional diagram comparison of one polarization in the dual-polarization feed with and without a lens.
  • the dotted line is the case of a single oscillator, and the solid line is the result of loading a lens.
  • the vertical plane directional diagram becomes narrower, and the gain is improved to a certain extent.
  • the three lens loading conditions 1-3 above can all achieve gain improvement; the highest is when the polarization direction and the lens metal strip are in the same direction, the maximum increase is 1.37dBi; a larger lens diameter and a reasonable accompanying metal design can achieve a gain level of 15dBi or more for conventional linear array base station antennas.
  • the size of the lens unit 100 is larger, the beam gain is increased more and the beam width is reduced more.
  • the horizontal beam width is 30°-40°
  • the vertical beam width is 30°-40°.
  • FIG. 26-FIG . 27 provide a specific embodiment.
  • this application specifically belongs to the field of base station antennas for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication network.
  • the lens antenna 1000 technology proposed in this patent is also compatible with 2G, 3G and 4G mobile communication commercial frequency bands, and can also be compatible with the sixth generation (6G) high frequency band, such as the millimeter wave (mmWave) operating frequency band.
  • 6G millimeter wave
  • the paper-based artificial dielectric material of the honeycomb structure of the present application has a stable structure, does not deform after long-term use, and the metal does not fall off;
  • the Dk value of the paper-based artificial dielectric material with a honeycomb structure of the present application is obtained through a printing process, and the design is flexible.
  • the relative positions of the metal particles are fixed and will not come into contact with each other, thus affecting the intermodulation index of the base station antenna.
  • the paper-based material of the present application is heat-resistant and can withstand long-term radiation of high-power base station antenna signals.
  • the lens unit 100 of the present application is light in weight and convenient for engineering construction.
  • the lens unit 100 of the present application is applicable to feed sources within a wider frequency band.
  • the lens unit 100 of the present application is moisture-proof and flame-retardant, and is suitable for long-term outdoor use for 10 to 30 years.
  • the lens unit 100 of the present application is easy to manufacture and is more suitable for mass industrial production.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线，人工介质材料包括基材和导电材料，基材设置为多孔结构并具有多个微孔室；导电材料设置在微孔室的侧壁上，调节微孔室的形状和/或导电材料的形状、大小、密度、延伸方向的至少之一，以得到不同的等效介电常数。本申请所提出的人工介质材料的结构稳定，长期使用不变形，且耐酸、防水、阻燃，并具有小于30kg/m3的密度；导电材料不脱落，且导电材料间相对位置是固定的，不会产生接触并影响到基站天线的互调指标。所以，本申请提出的人工介质材料及其制造方法，为透镜单元和透镜天线的设计提供了更高的自由度。

Description

一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线
本申请要求于2023年6月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为2023107096911、申请名称为“一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线”和于2024年5月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为202410667877X、申请名称为“一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，特别涉及一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线。
背景技术
对于高铁、高速路、河道和隧道等狭长区域的信号覆盖，一直是比较难解决的问题。因为这种场景纵向很长，但是对横向要求又不高。传统的基站天线水平面波束宽度和垂直波束宽度一般都是65°和10°左右，这样的波形在进行信号覆盖时，与狭长地形无法很好的匹配。所以，即使采用再高增益的线阵基站天线，也很难得到满意的覆盖效果，容量更是无法保障。
透镜天线可以通过改变空间电磁波的波程差，实现对馈源方向图的二次波束汇聚，实现高增益等性能。这种聚波作用，可以对垂直和水平面波束同时有效，有效的解决了线阵天线方向图的缺陷。这种天线还适用于大型运动场馆、人群密集居住区、海面区域等场景的信号覆盖。
人工介质材料一般密度都较大；都需要对导电材料本身或者导电材料间，设置绝缘材料，否则会引起金属导电微单元之间的接触，对互调指标造成恶化，这本身就增加了制造成本和难度。
发明内容
本申请提出一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线。
第一方面，本申请提供的一种人工介质材料，包括：
基材，设置为多孔结构并具有多个微孔室；
导电材料，设置在所述微孔室的侧壁上，调节所述微孔室的形状和/或所述导电材料的形状、大小、密度的至少之一，以得到不同的等效介电常数。
第二方面，本申请提供的一种透镜单元，包括所述的人工介质材料。
第三方面，本申请提供的一种所述的透镜单元的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
提供基材，按照合适尺寸进行裁剪；
将导电材料设置在所述基材上，设置时根据透镜设计要求来调整成型形状、大小和分布密度，等效出不同的有效介电常数；
通过蜂窝制备工艺将所述基材制成多孔结构，所述导电材料位于所述微孔室的侧壁上；
将所述基材加工成透镜单元。
第四方面，本申请提供的一种透镜天线，包括：
所述的透镜单元；
馈电单元，与所述透镜单元空间位置相对固定。
第五方面，本申请提供的一种透镜天线，包括：
透镜单元，包括基材及多个导电材料，所述基材为多孔结构，所述基材具有多个微孔室，所述多个导电材料设于所述多个微孔室的侧壁上；及
至少一个馈电单元，与所述透镜单元相对设置或相邻接，所述馈电单元的辐射面与至少部分所述导电材料相对设置，所述馈电单元的极化方向与所述导电结构的延伸方向之间的角度小于或等于预设角度。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请进一步地说明；
图1为本申请实施例中球形透镜单元沿蜂窝结构轴心方向的俯视图；
图2为本申请实施例中蜂窝结构中的金属条带的细节图；
图3为图2中蜂窝微结构的侧视图；
图4是本申请实施例中金属图形长边平行于蜂窝轴线方向，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向均匀排列的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中双极化的馈源振子，一个极化沿着蜂窝轴线，另外一个极化垂直蜂窝轴线的示 意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的透镜单元为可旋转结构，馈电单元的位置相对固定的结构示意图；
图7a是本申请实施例提供的馈电单元为可旋转结构，透镜单元的位置相对固定的结构示意图；
图7b是本申请实施例提供的馈电单元为可旋转结构，透镜单元为可旋转结构的结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的馈电单元为单极化天线，导电材料的延伸方向与微孔室的轴线相平行的局部结构示意图；
图9a是图8提供的透镜天线中导电材料的延伸方向与馈电单元的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第二角度范围的一种局部结构示意图；
图9b是图8提供的透镜天线中导电材料的延伸方向与馈电单元的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第二角度范围的另一种局部结构示意图；
图10a是图8提供的透镜天线中导电材料的延伸方向与馈电单元的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第三角度范围的一种局部结构示意图；
图10b是图8提供的透镜天线中导电材料的延伸方向与馈电单元的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第三角度范围的另一种局部结构示意图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的馈电单元可在透镜单元的赤道面绕透镜单元旋转的结构示意图；
图12a是本申请实施例提供的馈电单元移动至朝向微孔室不同侧壁时的结构示意图；
图12b是本申请实施例提供的馈电单元移动至朝向微孔室不同侧壁，且馈电单元的振子极化方向之间的角度可调节至第三角度范围或第一角度范围的结构示意图；
图13a是本申请实施例提供的第二馈电单元工作，第一馈电单元、第三馈电单元不工作的波束示意图；
图13b是本申请实施例提供的第一馈电单元、第二馈电单元、第三馈电单元皆工作的波束示意图；
图14a是本申请实施例提供的导电材料沿微孔室的轴线设置，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图14b是本申请实施例提供的导电材料沿微孔室的轴线设置，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例中双极化的馈源振子，其中沿着蜂窝轴线的极化，在有无附加透镜时，仿真方向图的对比图；
图16为本申请实施例中双极化的馈源振子，其中垂直蜂窝轴线的极化，在有无附加透镜时，仿真方向图的对比图；
图17为本申请实施例中双极化的馈源振子，两个极化与蜂窝轴线成±45°角时的示意图；
图18为本申请实施例中为双极化的馈源振子，其中与蜂窝轴线成+45°角的极化，在有无附加透镜时，仿真方向图的对比图；
图19a为本申请实施例中金属条带长边垂直于蜂窝轴线方向，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向均匀排列的示意图；
图19b是图19a提供的导电材料及馈电单元为单极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图19c是图19a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图19d是图19a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图20a为本申请实施例中金属条带长边，与蜂窝轴线方向垂直和横向交错排列，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向均匀排列的示意图；
图20b是图20a提供的导电材料及馈电单元为单极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图20c是图20a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图20d是图20a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图21a为本申请实施例中金属条带长边，与蜂窝轴线方向成+45°斜角，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向均匀排列的示意图；
图21b是图21a提供的导电材料及馈电单元为单极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图21c是图21a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图21d是图21a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图22a为本申请实施例中金属条带长边，与蜂窝轴线方向成-45°斜角，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向均匀排列的示意图；
图22b是图22a提供的导电材料及馈电单元为单极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图22c是图22a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图22d是图22a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图23a为本申请实施例中金属条带长边，与蜂窝轴线方向交错成±45°斜角，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向均匀排列的示意图；
图23b是图23a提供的导电材料及馈电单元为单极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图23c是图23a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图23d是图23a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图24a为本申请实施例中金属条带长边，与蜂窝轴线方向任意角度，并沿着蜂窝轴线方向任意间距随机排列的示意图；
图24b是图23a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图24c是本申请实施例提供的第一种微孔室的不同侧壁上设置不同延伸方向的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图24d是本申请实施例提供的微孔室的不同侧壁上设置不同延伸方向的导电材料，且馈电单元为0°、90°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图24e是本申请实施例提供的第二种微孔室的不同侧壁上设置不同延伸方向的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图25a为本申请实施例中不同形状的金属图形；
图25b是图25a提供的导电材料，且馈电单元为±45°双极化天线的局部结构示意图；
图26为本申请实施例中金属条带为图4分布时，正交双极化馈源振子平行于金属条带和垂直于金属条带的两个极化，在1.7-2.7GHz工作范围内，加载30cm直径透镜前后的实测垂直面方向图的对比图；
图27为本申请实施例中金属条带为图4分布时，正交双极化馈源振子平行于金属条带和垂直于金属条带的两个极化，在1.7-2.7GHz工作范围内，加载30cm直径透镜前后的实测水平面方向图的对比图。
附图标记：
透镜天线1000、透镜单元100、微孔室110、导电材料200、馈电单元300、基材10、第一旋转驱动
结构50、第一驱动电机40、第一弧形轨道31、第三驱动电机32、第三驱动结构33、第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320、第三馈电单元330、第二旋转驱动结构51、第二驱动电机41。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是至少两个，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以在结合技术方案的具体内容后，合理确定上述词语在本申请中的具体含义。
请参阅图1至图6，本申请提供的一种透镜天线1000，透镜天线1000包括透镜单元100及馈电单元300。可选的，透镜单元100能够提高馈电单元300所辐射波束的增益。可选的，透镜单元100能够减小馈电单元300所辐射波束的水平面波束宽度和减小垂直面波束宽度，进而提高馈电单元300所辐射波束的增益。
其中，透镜单元100通过设计具有适合的等效介电常数，使馈电单元300发射的电磁波信号经过透镜单元100后的波束收敛，即，成平行或接近平行的波束，如此，提高波束增益。
本申请提供了一种具有适合的等效介电常数，提高波束增益的人工介质材料。
参照图1至图27，本申请第一方面实施例提供的人工介质材料，应用于透镜单元100。
请参阅图2及图3，人工介质材料包括基材10和导电材料200。可以理解的，导电材料200即为金属 图形。
参照图1至图3，其中基材10设置为多孔结构并具有多个微孔室110；导电材料200设置在微孔室110的侧壁上，调节微孔室110的形状和/或导电材料200的形状、大小、密度、延伸方向的至少之一，以得到不同的等效介电常数。
请参阅图5，至少一个馈电单元300与所述透镜单元100相对设置或相邻接。所述馈电单元300的辐射面与至少部分所述导电材料200相对设置。所述馈电单元300的极化方向与所述导电材料200的延伸方向之间的角度小于或等于预设角度。可选的，预设角度为90°。所述馈电单元300的极化方向与所述导电材料200的延伸方向之间的角度小于或等于90°。对于透镜天线1000而言，透镜天线1000的波束与所述馈电单元300的极化方向与所述导电材料200的延伸方向之间的角度有关，通过设计所述馈电单元300的极化方向与所述导电材料200的延伸方向之间的角度小于或等于90°，以改变透镜天线1000的波束增益。
导电材料200的延伸方向是指导电材料的空间电磁场有效感应长度方向。当馈电单元300具有±45°两个极化方向时，导电材料的空间电磁场有效感应长度方向对±45°两个极化方向同时等效。换言之，导电材料为正方向形，导电材料的延伸方向可以为长度方向、或宽度方向、或对角方向。当导电材料为长方形时，导电材料的延伸方向可以为对角线方向。导电材料200为一维形状时，导电材料200的延伸方向可以为长度方向。
换言之，微孔室110的形状和大小，以及导电材料200的形状、大小、密度、延伸方向皆能够影响人工介质材料的等效介电常数，通过设计微孔室110的形状为第一预设形状和大小、导电材料200的形状为第二预设形状、导电材料200的大小为预设大小、导电材料200的排布密度为预设密度、导电材料200的延伸方向为预设延伸方向，可使人工介质材料的等效介电常数为预设介电常数，该预设介电常数的人工介质材料用作透镜单元100时，能够改变馈电单元300所有辐射角度进入其的电磁波的电长度，进而实现所有电磁波射出透镜单元100时，为平行或接近平行的波束，呈现波束收敛、能量更加集中、增益更高的效果。
其中，基材10的材料的介电常数较低，约1.6。且基材10为多孔结构，孔隙中的成分为空气，空气的介电常数为1。故基材10在空间内的等效介电常数小于基材10材料的介电常数。通过在基材10上设置导电材料200，该导电材料200分散设于基材10的微孔室110侧壁上，相当于在基材10中进行导电材料200掺杂，能够在减少重量的同时，还使人工介质材料的等效介电常数提高至预设介电常数附近，该预设介电常数的人工介质材料实现增益提高。例如，在基材10中设置“掺杂”导电材料200之后，人工介质材料的等效介电常数，可以方便的增加至1-2之间，或更高，且人工介质材料所形成的透镜单元100具有较轻的重量。
可以理解的是，大量的附着在微孔室110侧壁上的导电材料200，可以根据透镜设计要求来调整大小，调整分布密度，调整成型的形状，调整延伸方向与振子极化之间的相对朝向关系等，等效出不同的有效介电常数，进而获得期望的空间方向图性能，从而解决现有人工介质材料设计自由度低的问题。
具体的，例如，当金属为条带形时，参照人工介电材料的等效介电常数计算公式：
ε＝ε0(1+7.85N′w2)
                                                   (1)
其中，ε0是真空介电常数，N′是单位截面空间内的导电材料200数量，w是导电材料200在振子极化方向上的有效长度。导电材料200的大小、形状、导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度皆会影响w的大小，导电材料200的排布密度会影响N′的大小。换言之，导电材料200的大小、排布密度、形状、导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度皆对人工介电材料的等效介电常数有影响。此外，微孔室的形状会影响到导电材料200的延伸方向，微孔室的大小会影响到导电材料200的排布密度。本申请中，设计微孔室110的形状为第一预设形状、微孔室的大小为第一预设大小，导电材料200的形状为第二预设形状、导电材料200的大小为第二预设大小、导电材料200的排布密度为预设密度，使导电材料200在振子极化方向上的等效长度收益更高，单位截面空间内的导电材料200数量相对更多。
其中，根据透镜设计要求来调整导电材料200的大小，包括设计导电材料200在馈电单元300的振子极化方向上的电长度小于或等于馈电单元300所支持频段的中心频点的1/20波长。如此，导电材料200不会产生谐振，而只是产生电偶极矩，能够等效为介电材料，进而形成透镜单元100效果，使透镜单元100一侧的辐射源经过透镜单元100之后形成接近平行波束，实现能量最大化集中。
例如，设计导电材料200在馈电单元300的振子极化方向上的电长度小于1/20波长，且设计导电材料200的排布密度较密集，等效为介电常数为1-2的透镜单元100。设计导电材料200在馈电单元300的振子极化方向上的电长度接近或为1/20波长，且设计导电材料200的排布密度较稀疏，等效为介电常数为1-2的透镜单元100。设计导电材料200在馈电单元300的振子极化方向上的电长度接近或为1/20波长，且设计导电材料200的排布密度较密集，等效为介电常数为1-2甚至更大的透镜单元100。
其中，前述的调整微孔室110侧壁上的导电材料200的延伸方向与振子极化之间的相对朝向关系，等效出不同的有效介电常数，进而获得期望的空间方向图性能。换言之，本申请提供的透镜天线1000的波束(增益、宽度)可随着导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度变化而变化。当导电材料200的延伸方向改变时，导电材料200在振子极化方向上的电长度大小变化，使透镜单元100的等效介电常数变化，进而使透镜天线1000的波束(增益、宽度)变化。当透镜单元100的等效介电常数为或接近预设介电常数时，透镜天线1000形成接近平行波束，波束增益增加多，波束宽度减小多，波束相对窄且相对长，以应用于高铁、高速路、河道和隧道等狭长区域的信号覆盖，或应用于大型运动场馆、人群密集居住区、海面区域等需要高增益场景下的信号覆盖。当透镜单元100的等效介电常数远小于预设介电常数时，透镜天线1000波束增益增加少，波束宽度减小少，波束相对宽且信号覆盖距离相对短，以应用于终端连接量少、数据传输量少的场所，并能够节省天线功耗。
其中，调整微孔室110侧壁上的导电材料200与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的相对朝向关系，换言之，调整微孔室110侧壁上的导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
可选的，导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300振子极化方向之间的角度可调。
在一种可选的实施方式中，透镜单元100的角度可调，如此，改变导电材料200的延伸方向，进而改变导电材料200在振子极化方向上的有效感应电长度大小。
本实施方式中，请参阅图6，透镜单元100为可旋转结构(绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1可旋转)，馈电单元300的位置相对固定。进一步地，透镜天线1000包括第一旋转驱动结构50及第一驱动电机40，所述第一旋转驱动结构50的一端连接所述第一驱动电机40的输出轴，所述第一旋转驱动结构50的另一端电连接所述透镜单元100，所述第一旋转驱动结构50在第一驱动电机40的驱动下转动，并带动透镜单元100绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1旋转。
通过调整透镜单元100的转动角度，从而调整透镜单元100上微孔室110侧壁上的导电材料200的延伸方向，例如将导电材料200的延伸方向从与振子极化方向相同、调整为与振子极化方向相交、调整为与振子极化方向垂直，进而调整透镜单元100的等效介电常数至接近或为预设介电常数，以形成相对窄且相对长的波束，以应用于高铁、高速路、河道和隧道等狭长区域的信号覆盖，或应用于大型运动场馆、人群密集居住区、海面区域等需要高增益场景下的信号覆盖；或者，调整透镜单元100的等效介电常数至远小于预设介电常数，以形成相对宽且相对短的波束，以应用于终端连接量少、数据传输量少的场所，并能够节省天线功耗。以上实现了方向图可重构。
在另一种可选的实施方式中，馈电单元300的角度可调，如此，改变馈电单元300的振子极化方向，进而改变导电材料200在振子极化方向上的(有效感应)电长度大小。
本实施方式中，请参阅图7a，馈电单元300为可旋转结构(绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1可旋转)，透镜单元100的位置相对固定。进一步地，透镜天线1000包括第一旋转驱动结构50及第一驱动电机40，所述第一旋转驱动结构50的一端连接所述第一驱动电机40的输出轴，所述第一旋转驱动结构50的另一端电连接所述馈电单元300，所述第一旋转驱动结构50在第一驱动电机40的驱动下转动，并带动馈电单元300绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1旋转。
通过调整馈电单元300的转动角度，进而调整导电材料200的(有效最大感应电长度的)延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。例如将导电材料200的(有效最大感应电长度的)延伸方向从与振子极化方向相同、调整为与振子极化方向相交、调整为与振子极化方向垂直，进而调整透镜单元100的等效介电常数至接近或为预设介电常数，以形成相对窄且相对长的波束，以应用于高铁、高速路、河道和隧道等狭长区域的信号覆盖，或应用于大型运动场馆、人群密集居住区、海面区域等需要高增益场景下的信号覆盖；或者，调整透镜单元100的等效介电常数至远小于预设介电常数，以形成相对宽且相对短的波束，以应用于终端信号连接量少、数据传输量小的场所，并能够节省天线功耗。
在再一种可选的实施方式中，请结合参阅图7b，透镜单元100的角度可调，及馈电单元300的角度可调，如此，改变导电材料200的(有效最大感应电长度的)延伸方向，和改变馈电单元300的振子极化方 向，进而改变导电材料200在振子极化方向上的(有效最大感应)电长度大小。
本实施方式中，透镜单元100及馈电单元300皆为可旋转结构(绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1可旋转)。进一步地，请结合参阅图7b，透镜天线1000包括第一旋转驱动结构50及第一驱动电机40、第二旋转驱动结构51及第二驱动电机41。所述第一旋转驱动结构50的一端连接所述第一驱动电机40的输出轴，所述第一旋转驱动结构50的另一端电连接所述透镜单元100，所述第一旋转驱动结构50在第一驱动电机40的驱动下转动，并带动透镜单元100绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1旋转。所述第二旋转驱动结构51的一端连接所述第二驱动电机41的输出轴，所述第二旋转驱动结构51的另一端电连接所述馈电单元300，所述第二旋转驱动结构51在第二驱动电机41的驱动下转动，并带动馈电单元300绕馈电单元300的中垂线L1旋转。
当然，在其他实施方式中，透镜天线1000中导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度相对固定。
参照图1至图27，本申请第一方面实施例的人工介质材料，是具有微孔室110的多孔结构，稳定可靠，长期使用不变形，且耐酸、防水、阻燃，并具有小于30kg/m3的密度；导电材料200不脱落，且导电材料200间相对位置是固定的，不会产生接触并影响到基站天线的互调指标。并且这种设计通过蜂窝工艺和印刷、金属打印、蚀刻等工艺，完全可以批量化生产，从而解决现有人工介质材料可制造性差的问题。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图1至图3，各微孔室110的形状均为六边形蜂窝状，以使基材10设置为蜂窝结构，在另一些实施例中，微孔室110的形状为多边形、圆形、椭圆形或不规则二维形状，在另一些实施例中，至少两个微孔室110的形状相同或者各微孔室110的形状均不相同。多边形包括但不限于为三角形、四边形、菱形等。
在本申请的一些实施例中，基材10由芳纶纸制备而成。可以理解的是，人工介质材料的基材10是芳纶纸，芳纶纸是一种轻质阻燃材料，符合基站天线产品对原材料防火等级的要求。该原材料不仅仅轻质和阻燃，而且防潮，承力强度大，还具备较强的耐候性，完全可以满足基站天线对原材料的耐候性要求，可保证室外-55～+75℃环境下正常使用10年以上。在另一些实施例中，基材10由工程塑料或软性电路板(FPC)等制备而成。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导电材料200设置为多个金属图形，调节金属图形的大小、形状、延伸方向或相邻金属图形之间的间距的至少之一，以得到不同的等效介电常数。一些实施例中，蜂窝微结构上印刷大量的矩形金属条带，附着在蜂窝壁上的金属条带的数量，是可以根据要求的有效介电常数，进行调整的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图4，各金属图形均匀分布，另一些实施例中，金属图形不均匀分布；可以理解的是，大量的附着在蜂窝微结构侧壁上的金属条带，是均匀分布的，也可以是不均匀分布的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，参照图4，各金属图形的长边方向与极化振子的极化方向相同。
另一些实施例中，至少一个金属图形的长边方向与极化振子的极化方向呈预设角度的夹角设置。
可以理解的是，参照图19a至图25b，大量的附着在蜂窝结构侧壁上的金属条带的长边指向与基站天线线极化振子的极化方向，可以是全部一致的，或者是部分一致的，甚至可以是完全任意角度的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导电材料200为银浆。可以理解的是，附着在蜂窝结构壁上的金属图形通过印刷工艺固定，金属条带的原材料是银浆。在另一些实施例中，印刷工艺也可以用其它金属化工艺(打印和蚀刻等)替代，金属条带的原材料也可以是其它导电材料(金、铜、锡等)。
参照图1至图27，本申请第二方面实施例的透镜单元100，包括本申请第一方面实施例的人工介质材料。
在本申请的一些实施例中，透镜单元100设置为三维形状结构，优选的，透镜单元100其结构上呈现为球体，具体的，球的直径一般选择5～100cm；也可以是符合透镜天线1000设计目标的任意尺寸。在另一些实施例中，透镜单元100也可以是长方体、正方体、椭圆体、圆柱体，或任意不规则三维形状。
参照图1至图27，本申请第三方面实施例的透镜单元100的制造方法，透镜单元100的制造方法可以是本申请第二方面实施例的透镜单元100的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
提供基材10，按照合适尺寸进行裁剪；
将导电材料200设置在基材10上，设置时根据透镜设计要求来调整成型形状和分布密度等，等效出不同的有效介电常数；
通过蜂窝制备工艺将基材10制成蜂窝结构，导电材料200位于微孔室110的侧壁上；
将基材10加工成透镜单元100。
可以理解的是，将芳纶纸按照合适的尺寸先裁剪好，然后印刷上一定数量的金属条带，再经过一系列的蜂窝工艺生产过程，制成蜂窝结构原材料，供机械设备二次加工成特定的三维形状透镜单元100来使用。
可以理解的是，基于人工介质的等效理论，通过在一定空间区域内，分布一定密度的金属条带等，等效自然介质的介电常数。具体的，是通过纸基的六边形微结构，在这些微结构的侧壁上，通过印刷等工艺，附着一定密度的金属条带，进而得到想要的等效介电常数。根据射线跟踪法等原理，设计想要得到的方向图的增益和波束宽度等，进而确定具有一定介电常数的球形透镜的尺寸；以上工作可以通过电磁模拟仿真软件，进行模拟仿真；根据理论和仿真结果，使用蜂窝芳纶纸的制造工艺，进行实物加工，进而测试验证仿真数据的准确性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，导电材料200通过印刷工艺形成金属图形并附着在微孔室110的侧壁上。可以理解的是，附着在蜂窝微结构侧壁上的一定数量的金属图形为厚度是5～10um的长方形薄片金属条带，也可以是根据实际要求进行设计的其他厚度尺寸；金属条带的形状也可以是正方形、圆形、椭圆形，甚至可以是任意形状；金属条带的厚度也可以加大，进而可以是正方体、长方体、球体、椭圆体或者任意形状的三维金属体。
参照图1至图27，本申请第四方面实施例的透镜天线1000，透镜天线1000可以是透镜基站天线，透镜天线1000包括本申请第二方面实施例的透镜单元100和馈电单元300，馈电单元300与透镜单元100空间位置相对固定。
可以理解的是，具体参照图5、图15-图17，透镜天线1000包括蜂窝结构的纸基人工介质球形透镜单元100、基站天线振子馈电单元300及其它一些连接辅助零件，蜂窝结构的纸基人工介质球形透镜单元100是由具有六边形蜂窝状微结构的纸基人工介质材料制成的，外观呈球形，基站天线振子馈电单元300通过其它一些连接辅助零件，与球形的透镜单元100形成一个结构整体。具体的，馈电单元300通过连接辅助零件固定在透镜单元100的边沿。
在本申请的一些实施例中，馈电单元300的极化方式为正交双线极化；另一些实施例中，其极化方式也可以是椭圆或者圆极化等其它极化方式。
在本申请的一些实施例中，人工介质透镜的波束为单波束，馈源为单频段。馈源与纸基的透镜单元100的相对位置可以变化，得到不同的方向图。进一步的，馈源不仅仅可以在透镜外部，也可以放置于透镜内部，进而获得特定的方向图。进一步的，馈源的数量可以多于1个，也可以是多个。
本实施例中，透镜单元100可为球形或柱状等。以透镜单元100为球形为例。
请参阅图8，在第一种实施例中，馈电单元300为单极化天线，即馈电单元300包括一个对称振子。振子极化方向为一个。导电材料200的形状为长条形结构(或者说线性结构)。
请参阅图4，导电材料200为一维结构，例如金属条，金属条的延伸方向为与微孔室的轴线相平行的方向。
请参阅图8，所述馈电单元300包括单极化振子，导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的极化方向相同或形成较小的角度，换言之，导电材料200的长度方向的尺寸接近或为导电材料200在振子极化方向上的最大有效感应长度，根据前述公式(1)，本实施例提供的导电材料200中w的收益最大，换言之，导电材料200对透镜单元100的等效介电常数提高作出贡献收益较大，以相对较短的导电材料200长度，即可较高地提高透镜单元100的等效介电常数，如此，可增加单位空间内的导电材料200的数量，进而为增加公式(1)中的N′值提供了空间，进而在满足将透镜单元100的等效介电常数提高至预设等效介电常数的同时，可使透镜单元100具有相对较小的尺寸和较轻的重量。
例如，导电材料200的长边方向为微孔室的轴向，馈电单元300的极化振子的极化方向也是微孔室的轴向。
导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调或不可调。
请参阅图8，本实施例结合前述的实施例中，导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调的三种调节角度的实施方式中，本实施例可实现导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第一角度范围，其中，第一角度范围包括0°和接近0°的范围。例如，第一角度范围为[0°～n°)，n可以是5～30中的一者。其中，第一角度范围时，导电材料200在提高透镜单元100的等效介电常数时收益最大，利于形成接近或为预设介电常数的透镜单元100，以形成波束相对窄、定向性相对强、增益相对大的第一波束，以应用于高铁、高速路、河道和隧道等狭长区域的信号覆盖， 或应用于大型运动场馆、人群密集居住区、海面区域等需要窄波束或高增益场景下的信号覆盖。
请参阅图9a及图9b，本实施例还可以实现导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第二角度范围，其中，第二角度范围包括45°和接近45°的范围。例如，第二角度范围为[n°～45°～m°)，m可以是45～60中的一者。其中，第二角度范围时，导电材料200在提高透镜单元100的等效介电常数时收益相对较大，利于形成第二波束。第二波束的宽度大于第一波束的宽度，第二波束的定向性小于第一波束的定向性，第二波束的增益小于第一波束的增益。
请参阅图10a及图10b，本实施例还可以实现导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度调节至第三角度范围，其中，第三角度范围包括90°和接近90°的范围。例如，第三角度范围为[m°～90°]，m可以是60-90中的一者。其中，第三角度范围时，导电材料200在提高透镜单元100的等效介电常数时收益相对较大，利于形成第三波束。第三波束的宽度大于第二波束的宽度，第三波束的定向性小于第二波束的定向性，第三波束的增益小于第二波束的增益，以形成相对宽且定向性相对弱的波束，以应用于终端信号连接量少、数据传输任务量小的场所，并能够节省天线功耗。
当然，本实施例中可以实现，第一角度范围、第二角度范围、第三角度范围之间的切换，或者，第一角度范围与第三角度范围之间的切换，例如，0°与90°之间的切换。
请参阅图11，在第二种实施例中，在第一种实施例的基础上，馈电单元300可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转。具体的，所述透镜天线1000还包括第一弧形轨道31、第三驱动电机32及第三驱动结构33(被第三驱动电机32驱动)。第一弧形轨道31沿赤道面设置。所述第三驱动结构33连接所述第三驱动电机32及馈电单元300。所述第三驱动电机32驱动馈电单元300在赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转，进而实现波束扫描。第一弧形轨道31为弧形齿，第三驱动结构33为与第一弧形轨道31相啮合的齿轮。
举例而言，请参阅图12a，微孔室110的多个侧壁上一圈设置多个导电材料200，第三驱动电机32驱动馈电单元300运动至不同的位置，以实现高增益波束水平方向上扫描。例如，在设置透镜单元100之后，将原本馈电单元300水平波束宽度从65°减小至33°(图12a中椭圆形为波束示意图)，可驱动馈电单元300(例如通过图11中的第三驱动电机32)运动至不同的位置，确保馈电单元300能够具有较宽的覆盖范围。在其他实施方式中，可设置馈电单元300的位置不变，透镜单元100的位置相对于馈电单元300的位置变化，以实现波束扫描。图12a中实线馈电单元300表示当前位置，馈电单元300左上角的虚线框表示馈电单元300可沿弧形移动的一个位置(不限于此位置)，馈电单元300右上角的虚线框表示馈电单元300可沿弧形移动的另一个位置。三个椭圆波束中中间的实线波束为当前位置时的馈电单元300经过透镜作用之后所形成的波束，三个椭圆波束中左侧虚线波束为馈电单元300沿弧形移动至右上角位置经过透镜作用之后所形成的波束。三个椭圆波束中右侧虚线波束为馈电单元300沿弧形移动至左上角位置经过透镜作用之后所形成的波束。
图12a中的三个椭圆波束为比例缩小很多之后的示意图，在实际过程中，三个椭圆波束可相邻近、紧挨，或有部分重叠。后续具有多个波束的图中也是如此，不再一一赘述。
在具体的应用中，可选的，请参阅图12b，本申请提供的透镜天线1000还可用于会场等人流量变化的场合，根据数据传输任务量调整馈电单元300的延伸方向和馈电单元300的位置。在会场的用户较少时，数据传输任务量小，馈电单元300可绕中垂线旋转至导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的极化方向垂直或接近垂直，以形成宽波束覆盖较宽的范围，例如覆盖65°，满足会场的用户较少，数据传输任务量小时的需求。可选的，若会场的局部人数密集，此时数据传输任务量大，馈电单元300可绕中垂线旋转至导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的极化方向相同或接近相同，以形成较窄且增益大的波束，例如覆盖33°，(同时增加波束和载频数量)满足会场的人数密集时，数据传输任务量大的情况。
图12b中实线馈电单元300表示当前位置，馈电单元300左上角的虚线框表示馈电单元300可沿弧形移动的一个位置(不限于此位置)，馈电单元300右上角的虚线框表示馈电单元300可沿弧形移动的另一个位置。三个椭圆波束中中间的实线波束为当前位置时的馈电单元300经过透镜作用之后所形成的波束。由于此时馈电单元300的振子方向(极化方向)与导电材料200的延伸方向相垂直，故波束为宽波束。馈电单元300能够转动至馈电单元300的振子方向(极化方向)与导电材料200的延伸方向相同。三个椭圆波束中左侧虚线波束为馈电单元300沿弧形移动至右上角位置经过透镜作用之后所形成的波束。三个椭圆波束中右侧虚线波束为馈电单元300沿弧形移动至左上角位置经过透镜作用之后所形成的波束。
请参阅图13a，第三种实施例中，与第一种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个面。例如，馈电单元300为两个，微孔室110的截面为圆形、三角形、正方形、长方形、菱形等。
可选的，请参阅图13a，馈电单元300为三个，微孔室110的截面为三角形，六边形等。
举例而言，微孔室110的截面为六边形，馈电单元300为三个，分别为第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330分别与微孔室110的三个不同的侧壁正对。至少一个馈电单元300可调节导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
请参阅图13a，在具体的应用中，可选的，本申请提供的透镜天线1000还可用于会场等人流量变化的场合，根据数据传输任务量调整馈电单元300的延伸方向和工作数量。在会场的用户较少时，数据传输任务量小，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320、第三馈电单元330中的一者或两者工作，可减少天线功耗。例如开关单元控制位于中间位置的第二馈电单元320工作，左上角的第一馈电单元310、右上角的第三馈电单元330皆不工作。第二馈电单元320可绕中垂线旋转至导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的极化方向垂直或接近垂直，以形成宽波束覆盖较宽的范围，例如覆盖65°，满足会场的用户较少，数据传输任务量小时的需求。
请参阅图13b，可选的，若会场的人数密集，此时数据传输任务量大，此时，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320、第三馈电单元330皆工作，第一馈电单元310的极化振子的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)相同或接近相同，第二馈电单元320的极化振子的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)相同或接近相同，第三馈电单元330的极化振子的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)相同或接近相同，以形成三个相邻的较窄且增益大的波束，例如每个波束覆盖40°，以覆盖120°的水平宽度范围，满足会场的局部人数密集，此时数据传输任务量大的需求。
对于需要360°都可能需要信号覆盖的场所，可设置多组透镜天线1000，以对360°范围内进行信号覆盖。
请参阅图14a至图14b，第四种实施例中，与第一种至第三种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300包括双极化振子。馈电单元300的极化方向为两个正交的方向，具体包括但不限于为±45°极化，垂直水平极化。
本实施例中，当馈电单元300为一个时，通过设置透镜单元100与馈电单元300之间可相对旋转，以切换至第一种状态：所述馈电单元300包括双极化振子，导电材料200的延伸方向与所述馈电单元300的双极化方向之间皆为45°；或切换至第二种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与一个极化方向相同；或切换至第三种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与另一个极化方向相同。
当馈电单元300为两个或以上时，每个馈电单元300可以切换成第一种状态、或第二种状态、或第三种状态。
进一步地，馈电单元300还可以绕透镜单元100的赤道面旋转，进而实现波束扫描。
对于图4及图5提供的透镜单元100，可根据不同的馈电单元300，确定透镜单元100的初始姿态，例如，在第一种实施例中，根据导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的极化方向相同，确定透镜单元100的初始姿态。在第1-4实施例中，根据导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的两个极化方向皆为45°，确定透镜单元100的初始姿态。
进一步的，图19a至图25b提供了另外几种实施例。
具体参照图19a及图19b，第五种实施例中，人工介质透镜中的金属条带方向，与蜂窝轴线的方向垂直。馈电单元300为单极化天线。金属条的延伸方向为与微孔室110的轴线相垂直的方向。
导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调或不可调。在不可调的实施方式中，本实施例形成宽度较宽，增益相对较小的波束。在可调的实施方式中，本实施例可参考上述的第一种实施例中调节方法、调节手段和调节效果。
请一并参考图11，第六种实施例中，在第五种实施例基础上，馈电单元300可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转。本实施例可大致参考第三种实施例，但是本实施例与第三种实施例不同的是，第三种实施例在调节馈电单元300的位置时，由于导电材料200的长度方向为微孔室110的轴线方向，故无需将馈电单元300转动至与微孔室110的侧壁正对，可以始终保持导电材料200与馈电单元300的辐射面相平行或正对。
请一并参考图12a及图12b，而本实施例中，由于导电材料200的长度方向与微孔室110的轴线相垂 直，需要将馈电单元300转动至与微孔室110的侧壁正对，若微孔室110的截面为六边形，则馈电单元300可分别转动至微孔室110的三个相邻侧壁正对的位置，与如此，以实现导电材料200与馈电单元300的辐射面相平行或正对，导电材料200对于等效介电常数的增加收益较大，还确保所形成的波束具有较好的对称性。
请一并参考图13a及图13b，第七种实施例中，与第五种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个侧壁。
举例而言，微孔室110的截面为六边形，馈电单元300为三个，分别为第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330分别与微孔室110的三个相邻的侧壁正对。至少一个馈电单元300可调节导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
请一并参考图13a，在具体的应用中，可选的，本申请提供的透镜天线1000还可用于会场等人流量变化的场合，根据数据传输任务量调整馈电单元300的延伸方向和工作数量。在会场的用户较少时，数据传输任务量小，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320、第三馈电单元330中的一者或两者工作，可减少天线功耗。例如位于中间位置的第二馈电单元320工作，第二馈电单元320在初始位置时，导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)与极化振子的极化方向垂直或接近垂直，以形成宽波束覆盖较宽的范围，例如覆盖65°，满足会场的用户较少，数据传输任务量小时的需求。
可选的，请一并参考图13b，若会场的人数密集，此时数据传输任务量大，此时，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320、第三馈电单元330皆工作，旋转第一馈电单元310和/或透镜单元100，使第一馈电单元310的极化振子的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)相同或接近相同，旋转第二馈电单元320和/或透镜单元100，使第二馈电单元320的极化振子的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)相同或接近相同，旋转第三馈电单元330和/或透镜单元100，使第三馈电单元330的极化振子的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向(长边方向)相同或接近相同，以形成三个相邻的较窄且增益大的波束，例如每个波束覆盖40°，以覆盖120°的水平宽度范围，满足会场的局部人数密集，此时数据传输任务量大的需求。
请一并参考图19c及图19d，第八种实施例中，与第五种至第七种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300为双极化振子。馈电单元300的极化方向为两个正交的方向，具体包括但不限于为±45°极化，水平垂直极化。
本实施例中，当馈电单元300为一个时，通过设置透镜单元100与馈电单元300之间可相对旋转，以切换至第一种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与两个极化方向皆为45°；或切换至第二种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与一个极化方向相同；或切换至第三种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与另一个极化方向相同。
当馈电单元300为两个或以上时，每个馈电单元300可以切换成第一种状态、或第二种状态、或第三种状态。
进一步地，馈电单元300还可以绕透镜单元100的赤道面旋转，进而实现波束扫描。
具体参照图20a，在本实施例中，人工介质透镜中的金属条带有两个取向，分别平行或垂直于微孔室110的轴线方向。当微孔室110为蜂窝时，两个取向的金属条带分别平行或垂直轴线方向。具体参照图20a，两个取向的金属条带可相交替地设于同一侧壁。或者，两个取向分别设于不同的侧壁。本实施例相较于一种延伸方向的导电材料200而言，本实施例可适配多种不同极化方向的馈电单元300。无论何种极化方向的馈电单元300，透镜单元100上的导电材料200上皆可以形成沿极化方向上的有效电流，进而实现对透镜单元100进行等效介电常数改进，进而实现对于馈电单元300的波束增益提升。
具体参照图20b，在第九种实施例中，馈电单元300为单极化振子。在初始状态，馈电单元300的极化方向与两个取向的金属条带分别形成45°角度，使两个取向的金属条带皆具有介电常数增加收益，使馈电单元300经透镜单元100作用后的波束在垂直方向上和水平方向上具有较好的对称性。当然，导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调，以形成前述的第一波束、或第二波束，进而分别应用于对应的场景中。
具体参照图11、图12a及图12b，在第十种实施例中，在第九种实施例的基础上，馈电单元300可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转。可选的，两个取向分别设于不同的侧壁，以实现波束重构，例如从第一波束重构至第三波束，或从第三波束重构至第一波束。
具体参照图13a及图13b，第十一种实施例中，与第九种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个面。
可选的，馈电单元300为三个，微孔室110的截面为三角形，六边形等。
举例而言，微孔室110的截面为六边形，馈电单元300为三个，分别为第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330分别与微孔室110的三个不同的侧壁正对。至少一个馈电单元300可调节导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
再例如，结合参照图12b，旋转透镜单元100，使导电材料200的延伸方向与第一馈电单元310、第三馈电单元330的极化方向接近平行，导电材料200的延伸方向与第二馈电单元320的极化方向接近垂直，以形成两侧增益大，中间宽度大的波束，以用于两侧传输任务量相对较大、中间传输任务量相对较小的场景。
再例如，结合参照图13b，第一馈电单元310、第三馈电单元330的极化方向调节至与导电材料200的延伸方向接近平行，以形成中间、两侧皆宽度小且增益大的波束覆盖，以应用于覆盖较宽范围内传输任务量相对大的场景。
结合参照图20c，第十二种实施例中，与第九种至第十一种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300为双极化振子。馈电单元300的极化方向为两个正交的方向，具体包括但不限于为±45°极化，水平垂直极化。
在初始状态，馈电单元300的极化方向与两个取向的金属条带分别形成45°角度，进而使馈电单元300经透镜单元100作用后的波束在垂直方向上和水平方向上具有较好的对称性。当然，导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调，以形成前述的第一波束、或第二波束，进而分别应用于对应的场景中。
本实施例中，当馈电单元300为一个时，通过设置透镜单元100与馈电单元300之间可相对旋转，以切换至第一种状态：结合参照图20c，导电材料200的延伸方向与两个极化方向皆为45°；或切换至第二种状态：结合参照图20d，导电材料200的延伸方向与一个极化方向相同；或切换至第三种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与另一个极化方向相同。
进一步地，馈电单元300的数量可以为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个面。当馈电单元300为两个或以上时，每个馈电单元300可以切换成第一种状态、或第二种状态、或第三种状态。
进一步地，馈电单元300还可以绕透镜单元100的赤道面旋转，进而实现波束扫描。
具体参照图21a，在本实施例中，人工介质透镜中的金属条带取向，与蜂窝(微孔室110)轴线成+45°角，且方向统一。
具体参照图21b，在第十三种实施例中，馈电单元300为单极化天线，即馈电单元300包括一对对称振子。振子极化方向为一个。导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调或不可调。
在导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调的实施方式中，振子极化方向之间的角度从沿微孔室110轴线方向调节至与沿导电材料200的延伸方向，只需转动45度即可实现波束宽度调节和波束增益调节，转动角度减小，对于转动驱动结构的设计要求降低，更加易于实现。
具体参照图11、图12a及图12b，第十四种实施例中，在第十三种实施例基础上，馈电单元300可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转。本实施例中，由于导电材料200的长度方向与微孔室110的轴线方向形成45°角度，故导电材料200在微孔室110的轴线方向上具有一定的有效电感应长度，无需将馈电单元300转动至与微孔室110的侧壁正对，也无需始终保持导电材料200与馈电单元300的辐射面相平行或正对，换言之，馈电单元300在连续转动的过程中，导电材料200皆能够在辐射场耦合下在馈电单元300的极化方向上形成电流，进而能够对透镜单元100进行等效介电常数的改性。
具体参照图13a及图13b，第十五种实施例中，与第十三种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个侧壁。
举例而言，微孔室110的截面为六边形，馈电单元300为三个，分别为第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330分别与微孔室110的三个相邻的侧壁正对。至少一个馈电单元300可调节导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
结合参照图21c，第十六种实施例中，与第十三种至第十五种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300为双极 化振子。馈电单元300的极化方向为两个正交的方向，具体包括但不限于为±45°极化，水平垂直极化。
本实施例中，当馈电单元300为一个时，通过设置透镜单元100与馈电单元300之间可相对旋转，以切换至第一种状态：结合参照图21c，导电材料200的延伸方向与两个极化方向皆为45°；或切换至第二种状态：结合参照图21d，导电材料200的延伸方向与一个极化方向相同；或切换至第三种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与另一个极化方向相同。
当馈电单元300为两个或以上时，每个馈电单元300可以切换成第一种状态、或第二种状态、或第三种状态。
进一步地，馈电单元300还可以绕透镜单元100的赤道面旋转，进而实现波束扫描。
具体参照图22a，在本实施例中，人工介质透镜中的金属条带取向，与蜂窝(微孔室110)轴线成-45°角，且方向统一。
具体参照图22b，在第十七种实施例中，馈电单元300为单极化天线，即馈电单元300包括一对对称振子。振子极化方向为一个。导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调或不可调。
在导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调的实施方式中，振子极化方向之间的角度从沿微孔室110轴线方向调节至与沿导电材料200的延伸方向，只需转动45度即可实现波束宽度调节和波束增益调节，转动角度减小，对于转动驱动结构的设计要求降低，更加易于实现。
具体参照图11、图12a及图12b，第十八种实施例中，在第十七种实施例基础上，馈电单元300可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转。本实施例中，由于导电材料200的长度方向与微孔室110的轴线方向形成45°角度，故导电材料200在微孔室110的轴线方向上具有一定的有效电长度，无需将馈电单元300转动至与微孔室110的侧壁正对，也无需始终保持导电材料200与馈电单元300的辐射面相平行或正对，换言之，馈电单元300在连续转动的过程中，导电材料200皆能够在辐射场耦合下在馈电单元300的极化方向上形成电流，进而能够对透镜单元100进行等效介电常数的改性。
具体参照图13a及图13b，第十九种实施例中，与第十七种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个侧壁。
举例而言，微孔室110的截面为六边形，馈电单元300为三个，分别为第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330分别与微孔室110的三个相邻的侧壁正对。至少一个馈电单元300可调节导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
结合参照图22c，第二十种实施例中，与第十七种至第十九种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300为双极化振子。馈电单元300的极化方向为两个正交的方向，具体包括但不限于为±45°极化，水平垂直极化。
本实施例中，当馈电单元300为一个时，通过设置透镜单元100与馈电单元300之间可相对旋转，以切换至第一种状态：结合参照图22c，导电材料200的延伸方向与两个极化方向皆为45°；或切换至第二种状态：结合参照图22d，导电材料200的延伸方向与一个极化方向相同；或切换至第三种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与另一个极化方向相同。
当馈电单元300为两个或以上时，每个馈电单元300可以切换成第一种状态、或第二种状态、或第三种状态。
进一步地，馈电单元300还可以绕透镜单元100的赤道面旋转，进而实现波束扫描。
具体参照图23a，在本实施例中，人工介质透镜中的金属条带取向，交错与蜂窝(微孔室110)轴线成+45°和-45°角。
本实施例相较于一种延伸方向的导电材料200而言，本实施例可适配多种不同极化方向的馈电单元300。无论何种极化方向的馈电单元300，透镜单元100上的导电材料200上皆可以形成沿极化方向上的有效电流，进而实现对透镜单元100进行等效介电常数改进，进而实现对于馈电单元300的波束增益提升。
具体参照图23b，在第二十一种实施例中，馈电单元300为单极化振子。在初始状态，馈电单元300的极化方向与两个取向的金属条带分别形成45°角度，使两个取向的金属条带皆具有介电常数增加收益，使馈电单元300经透镜单元100作用后的波束在垂直方向上和水平方向上具有较好的对称性。当然，导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调，以形成前述的第一波束、或第二波束，进而分别应用于对应的场景中。
具体参照图11、图12a及图12b，在第二十二种实施例中，在二十一种实施例的基础上，馈电单元300 可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转。可选的，两个取向分别设于不同的侧壁，以实现波束重构，例如从第一波束重构至第三波束，或从第三波束重构至第一波束。
具体参照图13a及图13b，第二十三种实施例中，与第二十一种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个面。
可选的，馈电单元300为三个，微孔室110的截面为三角形，六边形等。
举例而言，微孔室110的截面为六边形，馈电单元300为三个，分别为第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330分别与微孔室110的三个不同的侧壁正对。至少一个馈电单元300可调节导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度。
进一步可选的，结合参照图13b，第一馈电单元310、第二馈电单元320及第三馈电单元330中至少一者的极化方向与导电材料200的延伸方向可调。
例如，第二馈电单元320的极化方向调节至与导电材料200的延伸方向相垂直，以形成中间、两侧宽度都大的波束覆盖，以应用于覆盖范围广且传输任务量相对小的场景。
再例如，结合参照图12b，旋转透镜单元100，使导电材料200的延伸方向与第一馈电单元310、第三馈电单元330的极化方向接近平行，导电材料200的延伸方向与第二馈电单元320的极化方向接近垂直，以形成两侧增益大，中间宽度大的波束，以用于两侧传输任务量相对较大、中间传输任务量相对较小的场景。
再例如，结合参照图13b，第一馈电单元310、第三馈电单元330的极化方向调节至与导电材料200的延伸方向接近平行，以形成中间、两侧皆宽度小且增益大的波束覆盖，以应用于覆盖较宽范围内传输任务量相对大的场景。
结合参照图23c，第二十四种实施例中，与第二十一种至第二十三种实施例不同的是，馈电单元300为双极化振子。馈电单元300的极化方向为两个正交的方向，具体包括但不限于为±45°极化，水平垂直极化。
在初始状态，馈电单元300的极化方向与两个取向的金属条带分别形成45°角度，进而使馈电单元300经透镜单元100作用后的波束在垂直方向上和水平方向上具有较好的对称性。当然，导电材料200的延伸方向与馈电单元300的振子极化方向之间的角度可调，以形成前述的第一波束、或第二波束，进而分别应用于对应的场景中。
本实施例中，当馈电单元300为一个时，通过设置透镜单元100与馈电单元300之间可相对旋转，以切换至第一种状态：结合参照图23c，导电材料200的延伸方向与两个极化方向皆为45°；或切换至第二种状态：结合参照图23d，导电材料200的延伸方向与一个极化方向相同；或切换至第三种状态：导电材料200的延伸方向与另一个极化方向相同。
进一步地，馈电单元300的数量可以为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个面。当馈电单元300为两个或以上时，每个馈电单元300可以切换成第一种状态、或第二种状态、或第三种状态。
进一步地，馈电单元300还可以绕透镜单元100的赤道面旋转，进而实现波束扫描。
具体参照图24a及图24b，在本实施例中，人工介质透镜中的金属条带取向，与蜂窝(微孔室110)轴线方向成任意角度，条带间距也随机取值。本实施方式中，导电材料200的延伸方向具有多个方向。本实施例相较于一种延伸方向或两种延伸方向的导电材料200而言，本实施例中导电材料200的延伸方向更多，故可与多种不同旋向的馈电单元300的极化方向一致，可适配更多种不同极化方向的馈电单元300。无论何种极化方向的馈电单元300，透镜单元100上的导电材料200上皆可以形成沿极化方向上的收益更高的有效电流，进而实现对透镜单元100进行等效介电常数改进，进而实现对于馈电单元300的波束增益提升。对于馈电单元300而言，馈电单元300的设置旋向更加灵活，无限制。
具体参照图24a及图24b，导电材料200的延伸方向为一个方向或两个方向时，透镜单元100对于馈电单元300具有一定的选择性，即对于某些特定旋向上的馈电单元300的波束具有增益提升作用。导电材料200的延伸方向越多，透镜单元100对于馈电单元300的选择性越弱，对于任意旋向上的馈电单元300的波束皆具有提升增益效果。
在任意一种的实施例中，具体参照图24c至图24e，所述微孔室110的侧壁数量为多个，每个所述侧壁上的导电材料200的延伸方向相同或不同。不同所述侧壁上的导电材料200的延伸方向相同或不同。例如，相邻两个侧壁上的导电材料200的延伸方向相垂直。例如，相邻的两个侧壁上分别是沿微孔室110的 轴线、和垂直微孔室110的轴线；或者，相邻的两个侧壁上分别是沿微孔室110的轴线、和垂直微孔室110的轴线。
进一步的，具体参照图25a示出了不同的金属形状，除了采用长方形，还可以是圆形、椭圆形等，都可以在人工介质材料中采用。
换言之，导电材料200还可以是二维结构，例如，导电材料200的形状还包括长方形、圆形、椭圆形、十字形、正方向等。
换言之，具体参照图25b，所述馈电单元300包括双极化振子，所述导电材料200的延伸方向包括第一方向和第二方向，所述第一方向与所述馈电单元300的一个极化方向相同，所述第二方向与所述馈电单元300的另一个极化方向相同。
导电材料200为二维结构至少在两个方向上具有有效电长度，例如，导电材料200的形状为长方形时，在长方形的长度方向和宽度方向上皆具有有效电长度，进而能够对沿导电材料200的长度方向、宽度方向上的双极化馈电单元300，在导电材料200的长度方向、宽度方向上皆进行波束宽度减少，提高波束增益。
可选的，双极化馈电单元300可在所述透镜单元100的赤道面绕透镜单元100旋转，以实现波束扫描。
可选的，馈电单元300的数量为多个。每个馈电单元300正对微孔室110的一个面，进而多个高增益波束一起覆盖较宽的范围。
需要说明的是，随着移动通信商用网络的持续建设，各类信号覆盖场景对覆盖和大容量同时提出要求。同时，3G、4G和5G的信号并存，将会在相当一段时间成为常态，电磁波频率主要是698～960MHz、1710～2690MHz、3.3～3.8GHz、4.8～5.0GHz，这四个频段。因此，本申请的馈电单元300的工作频率是1710～2690MHz，馈源也可以是工作在698～960MHz、3.3～3.8GHz、4.8～5.0GHz等不同的通信频段的。根据所期望的空间方向图功率最大指向，其位置可以沿着透镜结构边沿，360°范围内任意移动。
在本申请的一些实施例中，透镜单元100设置为球形，为了使整个天线体积最小，透镜单元100位于馈电单元300的正上方，且透镜单元100与馈电单元300相互无缝紧贴。另一些实施例中，透镜单元100也可以远离或者包裹振子馈源，来形成期望的各种空间方向图。
可以理解的是，与传统的线阵基站天线相比，本申请所提出的透镜基站天线，参照图15和图16，图18，图26和图27，不需要多个阵列单元和复杂的馈电网络，就可以获得具有更高增益的空间方向图；而且方向图的垂直面可以设计的相对较宽，用于远距离的长条状等区域的通信信号的均匀覆盖；由于纸基蜂窝结构的密度小，而且整个天线只有一个透镜单元100和一个馈电振子单元，所以，本申请所提出的基站天线外观尺寸和重量都较小，更适合在实际建网中的工程安装；简洁紧凑的结构，也更适合工业界进行大规模的生产。
具体参照图1，为本申请提出的人工介电材料所制成的球形透镜，沿着蜂窝微单元的轴线方向俯视所观察到的图形，所有的微结构都呈现为蜂窝状。
具体参照图2和图3，为蜂窝状人工介质透镜结构的子单元。条带状金属附着在结构壁上。由于条带状金属具有长边和短边，所以有一个长边的取向方向。
具体参照图4、图15、图16，提供了一种实施例。馈源使用1.7-2.7GHz的双极化偶极子单元，透镜使用10cm直径的一个单元，并给出在2.2GHz频点相应的仿真结果。
具体参照图4，为蜂窝结构其中一个侧壁上，金属条带的分布示意图。具体参照图5，为双极化馈源与蜂窝状人工介质透镜球的相对结构示意图。在此示例中，双极化馈源其中一个极化与金属条带的长边朝向相一致。而另外一个极化，与金属条带的长边朝向相垂直。具体参照图15，为极化方向与金属条带朝向一致的振子，在有无加载透镜时，垂直面方向图的变化。虚线是单独振子的情况，实线是加载透镜的结果，垂直面方向图变窄，增益明显提升。具体参照图16，为极化方向与金属条带朝向垂直的振子，在有无加载透镜时，垂直面方向图的变化。虚线是单独振子的情况，实线是加载透镜的结果，垂直面方向图变窄，增益略有提升。从图15和图16可以看出，当极化方向与金属长边朝向一致时，能够获得更大的增益收益。
具体参照图17，是双极化馈源与蜂窝轴线成45°角的情形；同样可以获得增益收益。具体参照图18，为双极化馈源中的一个极化，在有无透镜时的方向图对比图。虚线是单独振子的情况，实线是加载透镜的结果，垂直面方向图变窄，增益有一定提升。
以上几种情况，在2.2GHz这个频点，具体增益对比如下表：

从表中可以看出，以上1-3三种透镜加载情况，都可以获得增益的提升；最高的是极化方向和透镜金属条带朝向相同时，最高可以提高1.37dBi；更大的透镜直径以及合理的附带金属设计，可以获得常规线阵基站天线15dBi及以上的增益水平。需要说明的是，当透镜单元100的尺寸更大时，波束增益提高量更大，波束宽度减少更多。举例而言，当透镜单元100的尺寸为20mm～30mm时，水平面波束宽度为30°-40°，垂直面波束宽度为30°-40°。
进一步的，图26-图27提供一种具体实施例。
具体参照图26和图27，当馈源仍然为1.7-2.7GHz的双极化偶极子，而增益典型值要求为15dBi时，采用30cm直径的透镜单元100，所测得的2.5GHz频点的垂直极化和水平极化偶极子的垂直面和水平面方向图的对比图。相对于没有透镜加载的情况，水平极化偶极子的增益被提高约1dBi；垂直极化偶极子的增益被提高约6dBi。
综上所述，本申请具体的属于第5代(5G)移动通信网络用基站天线领域，该专利所提出的透镜天线1000技术，也同时兼容2G、3G和4G移动通信商用频段，并且也可以向第6代(6G)高频段兼容，比如毫米波(mmWave)工作频段。本申请技术与现有的技术相比，具有如下优点：
第一，本申请的蜂窝结构的纸基人工介电材料，结构稳定，长期使用不变形，金属不脱落；
第二，本申请的蜂窝结构的纸基人工介电材料，Dk值通过印刷工艺获得，设计灵活。
第三，本申请的蜂窝结构的纸基人工介电材料，金属微粒间相对位置是固定的，不会产生接触，影响到基站天线的互调指标。
第四，本申请的纸基材料，是耐热的，可以承受大功率的基站天线信号的长时间辐射。
第五，本申请的透镜单元100重量轻，便于工程施工。
第六，本申请的透镜单元100，对较宽频带范围内的馈源均适用。
第七，本申请的透镜单元100，防潮阻燃，适合于10～30年室外长期使用。
第八，本申请的透镜单元100，易于制造，更适合于大批量工业生产。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
上面结合附图对本申请实施例作了详细说明，但是本申请不限于上述实施例，在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本申请宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种人工介质材料，其特征在于，包括：
    基材，设置为多孔结构并具有多个微孔室；
    导电材料，设置在所述微孔室的侧壁上，调节所述微孔室的形状和/或所述导电材料的形状、大小、密度的至少之一，以得到不同的等效介电常数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的人工介质材料，其特征在于：各所述微孔室的形状均为六边形蜂窝状，以使所述基材设置为蜂窝结构，所述基材由芳纶纸制备而成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的人工介质材料，其特征在于：所述导电材料设置为多个金属图形，调节所述金属图形的形状、朝向或相邻所述金属图形之间的间距的至少之一，以得到不同的等效介电常数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的人工介质材料，其特征在于：所述金属图形为长方形、正方形、圆形、椭圆形或不规则二维形状的金属片，或所述金属图形为球体、长方体、正方体、椭圆体、圆柱体或不规则三维形状金属体；
    和/或各所述金属图形均匀分布，或所述金属图形不均匀分布；
    和/或各所述金属图形的长边方向与极化振子的极化方向相同，或至少一个所述金属图形的长边方向与极化振子的极化方向呈预设角度的夹角设置；
    和/或至少两个所述金属图形的形状相同，或者各不相同。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的人工介质材料，其特征在于：所述基材由工程塑料或软性电路板制备而成；
    和/或所述微孔室的形状为多边形、圆形、椭圆形或不规则二维形状，且至少两个所述微孔室的形状相同，或者各所述微孔室的形状均不相同。
  6. 一种透镜单元，其特征在于，包括：如权利要求1至5任一项所述的人工介质材料。
  7. 一种如权利要求6所述的透镜单元的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    提供基材，按照合适尺寸进行裁剪；
    将导电材料设置在所述基材上，设置时根据透镜设计要求来调整成型形状、大小和分布密度，等效出不同的有效介电常数；
    通过蜂窝制备工艺将所述基材制成多孔结构，所述导电材料位于所述微孔室的侧壁上；
    将所述基材加工成透镜单元。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的透镜单元的制造方法，其特征在于：所述导电材料通过印刷、金属打印、蚀刻工艺形成金属图形并附着在所述微孔室的侧壁上。
  9. 一种透镜天线，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求6所述的透镜单元；
    馈电单元，与所述透镜单元空间位置相对固定。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的透镜天线，其特征在于：所述馈电单元的极化方式为正交双线极化；
    和/或所述透镜单元位于所述馈电单元的正上方或偏离正上方位置，且所述透镜单元与所述馈电单元相互无缝紧贴或间隙设置；
    和/或所述透镜单元为圆柱形、或椭圆柱形、或球形、或椭球形。
  11. 一种透镜天线，其特征在于，包括：
    透镜单元，包括基材及多个导电材料，所述基材为多孔结构，所述基材具有多个微孔室，所述多个导电材料设于所述多个微孔室的侧壁上；及
    至少一个馈电单元，与所述透镜单元相对设置或相邻接，所述馈电单元的辐射面与至少部分所述导电材料相对设置，所述馈电单元的极化方向与所述导电结构的延伸方向之间的角度小于或等于预设角度。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述透镜天线的波束随着所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的极化方向之间的角度变化而变化。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的极化方向之间的角度可调。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述透镜单元为可旋转结构，所述馈电单元的位置相对固定；或者，所述馈电单元为可旋转结构，所述透镜单元的位置相对固定；所述透镜单元及所述馈电单元皆为可旋转结构。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的极化 方向之间的角度调节至第一角度范围时，所述馈电单元经所述透镜单元后形成第一波束；
    所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的极化方向之间的角度调节至第二角度范围时，所述馈电单元经所述透镜单元后形成第二波束；
    所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的极化方向之间的角度调节至第三角度范围时，所述馈电单元经所述透镜单元后形成第三波束；
    其中，所述第一角度范围的最大值小于所述第二角度范围的最小值，所述第二角度范围的最大值小于所述第三角度范围的最小值，所述第一波束的波束宽度小于所述第二波束的波束宽度，所述第二波束的波束宽度小于所述第三波束的波束宽度；所述第一波束的波束增益大于所述第二波束的波束增益，所述第二波束的波束增益大于所述第三波束的波束增益。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元能够在所述透镜单元的赤道面绕所述透镜单元旋转。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述微孔室具有多个侧壁，所述馈电单元的数量为多个。
  18. 如权利要求11所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元包括单极化振子，所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的极化方向相同。
  19. 如权利要求11所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元包括双极化振子，所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的双极化方向之间皆呈45°；或者，所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的双极化方向中的一个方向平行，所述导电材料的延伸方向与所述馈电单元的双极化方向中的另一个方向垂直。
  20. 如权利要求11所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述馈电单元包括双极化振子，所述导电材料的延伸方向包括第一方向和第二方向，所述第一方向与所述馈电单元的一个极化方向相同，所述第二方向与所述馈电单元的另一个极化方向相同。
  21. 如权利要求11-20任意一项所述的透镜天线，其特征在于，所述微孔室的侧壁数量为多个，每个所述侧壁上的导电材料的延伸方向相同或不同；不同所述侧壁上的导电材料的延伸方向相同或不同。
PCT/CN2024/098429 2023-06-15 2024-06-11 一种人工介质材料及透镜单元、制造方法和透镜天线 Ceased WO2024255731A1 (zh)

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