WO2024253493A1 - 영상 인코딩/디코딩 방법 및 장치, 그리고 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 - Google Patents
영상 인코딩/디코딩 방법 및 장치, 그리고 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and device, and a recording medium storing a bitstream.
- HD High Definition
- UHD Ultra High Definition
- image data can be effectively compressed and transmitted or stored.
- the present disclosure seeks to provide a method and apparatus for performing a transformation using a non-separable first-order transformation.
- the present disclosure seeks to provide a method and apparatus for performing a transform using a reduced-dimensional non-separable first-order transform kernel.
- the present disclosure provides a method and device for determining/signaling a non-separable transform kernel based on encoding parameters.
- the video decoding method and device can obtain residual information from a bitstream, derive transform coefficients of a current block based on the residual information, perform at least one of inverse quantization or inverse transformation on the transform coefficients of the current block to derive residual samples of the current block, and reconstruct the current block based on the residual samples of the current block.
- the inverse transformation can be performed based on at least one of a non-separable transformation or a separable transformation.
- a non-separable transformation set for the non-separable transformation can be determined based on a mapping table that defines a mapping relationship between pre-defined intra prediction modes and non-separable transformation sets.
- the number of non-separable transform sets available to the current block can be determined based on whether the current block is a block of the first size.
- the block of the first size may include a block having different widths and heights or a block having a width-to-height ratio of at least one of 8:1, 1:8, 16:1, or 1:16.
- one or more first mapping tables applied to blocks of the first size and a second mapping table applied to blocks other than blocks of the first size may be defined, respectively.
- an input of a mapping table for determining a non-separable transform set of the current block based on whether the current block is a block of a second size may be determined as either an inductive or wide-angle intra prediction (WAIP) mode based on intra prediction mode information signaled from a bitstream.
- WAIP wide-angle intra prediction
- the block of the second size may include a block having a width to height ratio of at least one of 2:1, 1:2, 4:1, or 1:4.
- whether to apply the non-separable transform can be determined based on whether an intra subpartition mode is applied to a coding block to which the current block belongs.
- whether to apply the non-separable transform can be determined based on the size of the current block.
- the non-separable transform set for the non-separable transform may have a set index equal to a value obtained by subtracting 65 from the value of the intra prediction mode.
- the non-separable transform set for the non-separable transform may have a set index equal to a value obtained by subtracting the value of the intra prediction mode from 1.
- the video encoding method and device can derive residual samples of a current block, derive transform coefficients of the current block by performing at least one of transform or quantization on the residual samples of the current block, and encode the transform coefficients of the current block.
- the transform can be performed based on at least one of a non-separable transform or a separable transform.
- a non-separable transform set for the non-separable transform can be determined based on a mapping table that defines a mapping relationship between pre-defined intra prediction modes and non-separable transform sets.
- a computer-readable digital storage medium having encoded video/image information stored thereon, which causes a decoding device according to the present disclosure to perform a video decoding method.
- a computer-readable digital storage medium storing video/image information generated by a video encoding method according to the present disclosure is provided.
- a method and device for transmitting video/image information generated by a video encoding method according to the present disclosure are provided.
- the present disclosure can improve the performance of transformation by using a non-separable primary transformation as a primary transformation.
- the present disclosure can improve the performance of transformation by performing the transformation using a non-separable first-order transformation kernel of reduced dimension.
- the present disclosure can improve encoding efficiency by effectively determining and/or signaling a non-separable transform kernel based on encoding parameters.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a video/image coding system according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an encoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which encoding of a video/image signal is performed.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a decoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which decoding of a video/image signal is performed.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an image decoding method performed by a decoding device (300) as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 exemplarily illustrates an intra prediction mode and its prediction direction according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic configuration of a decoding device (300) that performs an image decoding method according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an image encoding method performed by an encoding device (200) as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic configuration of an encoding device (200) that performs an image encoding method according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.
- first, second, etc. may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are only used to distinguish one component from another.
- the first component could be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component could also be referred to as the first component.
- the term and/or includes any combination of a plurality of related described items or any item among a plurality of related described items.
- the present disclosure relates to video/image coding.
- the method/embodiment disclosed in this specification can be applied to a method disclosed in the versatile video coding (VVC) standard.
- the method/embodiment disclosed in this specification can be applied to a method disclosed in the essential video coding (EVC) standard, the AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) standard, the 2nd generation of audio video coding standard (AVS2) or the next generation video/image coding standard (e.g., H.267 or H.268, etc.).
- VVC versatile video coding
- EVC essential video coding
- AV1 AOMedia Video 1
- AVS2 2nd generation of audio video coding standard
- next generation video/image coding standard e.g., H.267 or H.268, etc.
- video may mean a collection of images over time.
- a picture generally means a unit representing one image at a specific time, and a slice/tile is a unit that constitutes a part of a picture in coding.
- a slice/tile may include one or more CTUs (coding tree units).
- a picture may be composed of one or more slices/tiles.
- a tile is a rectangular area composed of multiple CTUs within a specific tile column and a specific tile row of a picture.
- a tile column is a rectangular area of CTUs having a height equal to the height of the picture and a width specified by the syntax requirements of a picture parameter set.
- a tile row is a rectangular area of CTUs having a height equal to the width of the picture and a width equal to the width of the picture specified by a picture parameter set. While CTUs within a tile may be arranged sequentially according to a CTU raster scan, tiles within a picture may be arranged sequentially according to a tile raster scan.
- a slice may contain an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of contiguous complete CTU rows within a picture that may be exclusively contained in a single NAL unit. Meanwhile, a picture may be divided into two or more subpictures. A subpicture may be a rectangular region of one or more slices within a picture.
- a pixel or pel can mean the smallest unit that constitutes a picture (or image). Also, a 'sample' can be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample can generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, and can represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luminance component, or only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a unit may represent a basic unit of image processing.
- a unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region.
- One unit may include one luma block and two chroma (ex. cb, cr) blocks.
- a unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as block or area.
- an MxN block may include a set (or array) of samples (or sample array) or transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows.
- a or B can mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In other words, as used herein, “A or B” can be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, as used herein, “A, B or C” can mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”.
- a slash (/) or a comma can mean “and/or”.
- A/B can mean “A and/or B”.
- A/B can mean "only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
- A, B, C can mean "A, B, or C”.
- At least one of A and B can mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. Additionally, as used herein, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” can be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B”.
- At least one of A, B and C can mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”. Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
- parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when it is indicated as “prediction (intra prediction)”, “intra prediction” may be suggested as an example of “prediction”. In other words, “prediction” in this specification is not limited to “intra prediction”, and “intra prediction” may be suggested as an example of “prediction”. In addition, even when it is indicated as “prediction (i.e., intra prediction)", “intra prediction” may be suggested as an example of "prediction”.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a video/image coding system according to the present disclosure.
- a video/image coding system may include a first device (source device) and a second device (receiving device).
- a source device can transmit encoded video/image information or data to a receiving device via a digital storage medium or a network in the form of a file or streaming.
- the source device may include a video source, an encoding device, and a transmitter.
- the receiving device may include a receiver, a decoding device, and a renderer.
- the encoding device may be called a video/image encoding device, and the decoding device may be called a video/image decoding device.
- the transmitter may be included in the encoding device.
- the receiver may be included in the decoding device.
- the renderer may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or an external component.
- the video source can obtain the video/image through a process of capturing, compositing, or generating the video/image.
- the video source can include a video/image capture device and/or a video/image generation device.
- the video/image capture device can include one or more cameras, a video/image archive containing previously captured video/image, etc.
- the video/image generation device can include a computer, a tablet, a smart phone, etc., and can (electronically) generate the video/image.
- a virtual video/image can be generated through a computer, etc., in which case the video/image capture process can be replaced with a process in which related data is generated.
- the encoding device can encode input video/image.
- the encoding device can perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and coding efficiency.
- the encoded data (encoded video/image information) can be output in the form of a bitstream.
- the transmission unit can transmit encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bitstream to the reception unit of the receiving device through a digital storage medium or a network in the form of a file or streaming.
- the digital storage medium can include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, SSD, etc.
- the transmission unit can include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format and can include an element for transmission through a broadcasting/communication network.
- the reception unit can receive/extract the bitstream and transmit it to a decoding device.
- the decoding device can decode the video/image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoding device.
- the renderer can render the decoded video/image.
- the rendered video/image can be displayed through the display unit.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an encoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which encoding of a video/image signal is performed.
- the encoding device (200) may be configured to include an image partitioner (210), a prediction unit (predictor) 220, a residual processor (residual processor) 230, an entropy encoder (entropy encoder) 240, an adder (adder) 250, a filter (filter) 260, and a memory (memory) 270.
- the prediction unit (220) may include an inter prediction unit (221) and an intra prediction unit (222).
- the residual processor (230) may include a transformer (transformer) 232, a quantizer (quantizer) 233, a dequantizer (dequantizer) 234, and an inverse transformer (inverse transformer) 235.
- the residual processing unit (230) may further include a subtractor (231).
- the adding unit (250) may be called a reconstructor or a reconstructed block generator.
- the image segmenting unit (210), the prediction unit (220), the residual processing unit (230), the entropy encoding unit (240), the adding unit (250), and the filtering unit (260) described above may be configured by one or more hardware components (e.g., an encoding device chipset or processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory (270) may include a DPB (decoded picture buffer) and may be configured by a digital storage medium.
- the hardware component may further include the memory (270) as an internal/external component.
- the image segmentation unit (210) can segment an input image (or picture, frame) input to the encoding device (200) into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be called a coding unit (CU).
- the coding unit may be recursively segmented from a coding tree unit (CTU) or a largest coding unit (LCU) according to a QTBTTT (Quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree) structure.
- a coding unit may be split into a plurality of coding units having deeper depths based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary structure.
- the quad tree structure may be applied first and the binary tree structure and/or the ternary structure may be applied later.
- the binary tree structure may be applied before the quad tree structure.
- the coding procedure according to the present specification may be performed based on the final coding unit that is no longer split.
- the maximum coding unit may be used as the final coding unit, or, if necessary, the coding unit may be split recursively into coding units of lower depths, and the coding unit with the optimal size may be used as the final coding unit.
- the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and restoration described below.
- the processing unit may further include a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- the prediction unit and the transform unit may each be split or partitioned from the final coding unit described above.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit for deriving a transform coefficient and/or a unit for deriving a residual signal from a transform coefficient.
- an MxN block can represent a set of samples or transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows.
- a sample can generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, and may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luminance component, or only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a sample can be used as a term corresponding to a pixel or pel in a picture (or image).
- the encoding device (200) can generate a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array) by subtracting a prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) output from an inter prediction unit (221) or an intra prediction unit (222) from an input image signal (original block, original sample array), and the generated residual signal is transmitted to a conversion unit (232).
- a unit that subtracts a prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) from an input image signal (original block, original sample array) within the encoding device (200) may be called a subtraction unit (231).
- the prediction unit (220) can perform a prediction on a block to be processed (hereinafter, referred to as a current block) and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit (220) can determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block or CU unit.
- the prediction unit (220) can generate various information about prediction, such as prediction mode information, as described below in the description of each prediction mode, and transmit the information to the entropy encoding unit (240).
- the information about prediction can be encoded by the entropy encoding unit (240) and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra prediction unit (222) can predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the neighborhood of the current block or may be located a certain distance away from the current block depending on the prediction mode.
- the prediction modes may include one or more non-directional modes and multiple directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include at least one of the DC mode or the planar mode.
- the directional mode may include 33 directional modes or 65 directional modes depending on the degree of detail of the prediction direction. However, this is only an example, and a number of directional modes greater or less than that may be used depending on the setting.
- the intra prediction unit (222) may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit (221) can derive a prediction block for a current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture.
- the motion information can be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information can include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information can further include inter prediction direction information (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.).
- the neighboring block can include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture.
- the reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.
- the above temporal neighboring blocks may be called collocated reference blocks, collocated CUs (colCUs), etc., and a reference picture including the above temporal neighboring blocks may be called a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter prediction unit (221) may configure a motion information candidate list based on the neighboring blocks, and generate information indicating which candidate is used to derive the motion vector and/or reference picture index of the current block. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes, and for example, in the case of the skip mode and the merge mode, the inter prediction unit (221) may use the motion information of the neighboring blocks as the motion information of the current block.
- a residual signal may not be transmitted.
- MVP motion vector prediction
- the prediction unit (220) can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below.
- the prediction unit can apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of one block, and can also apply intra prediction and inter prediction at the same time. This can be called a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode.
- the prediction unit can be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for prediction of a block.
- the IBC prediction mode or the palette mode can be used for content image/video coding such as games, such as screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but can be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block within the current picture. That is, IBC can use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described herein.
- the palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction.
- the sample values within the picture can be signaled based on information about the palette table and palette index.
- the prediction signal generated through the prediction unit (220) can be used to generate a restoration signal or to generate a residual signal.
- the transform unit (232) can apply a transform technique to the residual signal to generate transform coefficients.
- the transform technique can include at least one of a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), a Discrete Sine Transform (DST), a Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), a Graph-Based Transform (GBT), or a Conditionally Non-linear Transform (CNT).
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- DST Discrete Sine Transform
- KLT Karhunen-Loeve Transform
- GBT Graph-Based Transform
- CNT Conditionally Non-linear Transform
- GBT means a transform obtained from a graph when the relationship information between pixels is expressed as a graph.
- CNT means a transform obtained based on generating a prediction signal using all previously restored pixels.
- the transform process can be applied to a pixel block having a square equal size, or can be applied to a block of a non-square variable size.
- the quantization unit (233) quantizes the transform coefficients and transmits them to the entropy encoding unit (240), and the entropy encoding unit (240) can encode the quantized signal (information about the quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream.
- the information about the quantized transform coefficients can be called residual information.
- the quantization unit (233) can rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a block form into a one-dimensional vector form based on the coefficient scan order, and can also generate information about the quantized transform coefficients based on the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form.
- the entropy encoding unit (240) can perform various encoding methods such as exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC), etc.
- the entropy encoding unit (240) can also encode information necessary for video/image restoration (e.g., values of syntax elements, etc.) together or separately in addition to quantized transform coefficients.
- Encoded information can be transmitted or stored in the form of a bitstream as a unit of a network abstraction layer (NAL).
- the video/image information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- information and/or syntax elements transmitted/signaled from an encoding device to a decoding device may be included in the video/image information.
- the video/image information may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted through a network or stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media, such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- the signal output from the entropy encoding unit (240) may be configured as an internal/external element of the encoding device (200) by the transmitting unit (not shown) and/or the storing unit (not shown), or the transmitting unit may be included in the entropy encoding unit (240).
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit (233) can be used to generate a prediction signal. For example, by applying inverse quantization and inverse transformation to the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit (234) and the inverse transform unit (235), a residual signal (residual block or residual samples) can be restored.
- the adding unit (250) can generate a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit (221) or the intra prediction unit (222). When there is no residual for the target block to be processed, such as when the skip mode is applied, the predicted block can be used as a reconstructed block.
- the adding unit (250) can be called a reconstructed unit or a reconstructed block generating unit.
- the generated restoration signal can be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, and can also be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit (260) can apply filtering to the restoration signal to improve subjective/objective picture quality.
- the filtering unit (260) can apply various filtering methods to the restoration picture to generate a modified restoration picture and store the modified restoration picture in the memory (270), specifically, in the DPB of the memory (270).
- the various filtering methods can include deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, etc.
- the filtering unit (260) can generate various information regarding filtering and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit (240).
- the information regarding filtering can be encoded in the entropy encoding unit (240) and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the modified restored picture transmitted to the memory (270) can be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit (221).
- the encoding device can avoid prediction mismatch between the encoding device (200) and the decoding device, and can also improve encoding efficiency.
- the DPB of the memory (270) can store the modified restored picture to be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit (221).
- the memory (270) can store motion information of a block from which motion information in the current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a picture that has already been restored.
- the stored motion information can be transferred to the inter prediction unit (221) to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory (270) can store restored samples of restored blocks in the current picture and transfer them to the intra prediction unit (222).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a decoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied and in which decoding of a video/image signal is performed.
- the decoding device (300) may be configured to include an entropy decoder (310), a residual processor (320), a predictor (330), an adder (340), a filter (350), and a memory (360).
- the predictor (330) may include an inter prediction unit (331) and an intra prediction unit (332).
- the residual processor (320) may include a dequantizer (321) and an inverse transformer (321).
- the entropy decoding unit (310), residual processing unit (320), prediction unit (330), adding unit (340), and filtering unit (350) described above may be configured by one hardware component (e.g., a decoding device chipset or processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory (360) may include a DPB (decoded picture buffer) and may be configured by a digital storage medium.
- the hardware component may further include the memory (360) as an internal/external component.
- the decoding device (300) can restore the image corresponding to the process in which the video/image information is processed in the encoding device of FIG. 2.
- the decoding device (300) can derive units/blocks based on block division related information obtained from the bitstream.
- the decoding device (300) can perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the encoding device.
- the processing unit of decoding may be a coding unit, and the coding unit may be divided from a coding tree unit or a maximum coding unit according to a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure.
- One or more transform units may be derived from the coding unit. Then, the restored image signal decoded and output by the decoding device (300) can be reproduced through a reproduction device.
- the decoding device (300) can receive a signal output from the encoding device of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream, and the received signal can be decoded through the entropy decoding unit (310).
- the entropy decoding unit (310) can parse the bitstream to derive information (e.g., video/image information) necessary for image restoration (or picture restoration).
- the video/image information may further include information on various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the decoding device can decode the picture further based on the information on the parameter set and/or the general constraint information.
- the signaling/received information and/or syntax elements described later in this specification can be decoded through the decoding procedure and obtained from the bitstream.
- the entropy decoding unit (310) can decode information in a bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC, or CABAC, and output values of syntax elements required for image restoration and quantized values of transform coefficients for residuals.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in the bitstream, determines a context model by using information of a syntax element to be decoded and decoding information of surrounding and decoding target blocks or information of symbols/bins decoded in a previous step, and predicts an occurrence probability of a bin according to the determined context model to perform arithmetic decoding of the bin to generate a symbol corresponding to the value of each syntax element.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method can update the context model by using information of the decoded symbol/bin for the context model of the next symbol/bin after determining the context model.
- Information regarding prediction among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit (310) is provided to the prediction unit (inter prediction unit (332) and intra prediction unit (331)), and residual values on which entropy decoding is performed by the entropy decoding unit (310), i.e., quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information, can be input to the residual processing unit (320).
- the residual processing unit (320) can derive a residual signal (residual block, residual samples, residual sample array).
- information regarding filtering among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit (310) can be provided to the filtering unit (350).
- a receiving unit that receives a signal output from an encoding device may be further configured as an internal/external element of the decoding device (300), or the receiving unit may be a component of an entropy decoding unit (310).
- a decoding device may be called a video/video/picture decoding device, and the decoding device may be divided into an information decoding device (video/video/picture information decoding device) and a sample decoding device (video/video/picture sample decoding device).
- the information decoding device may include the entropy decoding unit (310), and the sample decoding device may include at least one of the inverse quantization unit (321), the inverse transformation unit (322), the adding unit (340), the filtering unit (350), the memory (360), the inter prediction unit (332), and the intra prediction unit (331).
- the inverse quantization unit (321) can inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients and output the transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantization unit (321) can rearrange the quantized transform coefficients into a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement can be performed based on the coefficient scan order performed in the encoding device.
- the inverse quantization unit (321) can perform inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients using quantization parameters (e.g., quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- the transform coefficients are inversely transformed to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).
- the prediction unit (320) can perform a prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit (320) can determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the information about the prediction output from the entropy decoding unit (310), and can determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode.
- the prediction unit (320) can generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below.
- the prediction unit (320) can apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of one block, and can also apply intra prediction and inter prediction at the same time. This can be called a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode.
- the prediction unit can be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for prediction of a block.
- the IBC prediction mode or palette mode can be used for content image/video coding such as games, such as screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but can be performed similarly to inter prediction in that it derives a reference block within the current picture. That is, IBC can use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described herein.
- the palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When palette mode is applied, information about the palette table and palette index may be signaled and included in the video/image information.
- the intra prediction unit (331) can predict the current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the neighborhood of the current block, or may be located a certain distance away from the current block, depending on the prediction mode.
- the prediction modes may include one or more non-directional modes and multiple directional modes.
- the intra prediction unit (331) may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring blocks.
- the inter prediction unit (332) can derive a prediction block for a current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture.
- the motion information can be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information can include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information can further include inter prediction direction information (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.).
- the neighboring block can include a spatial neighboring block existing in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block existing in the reference picture.
- the inter prediction unit (332) can configure a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information.
- Inter prediction can be performed based on various prediction modes, and information about the prediction can include information indicating an inter prediction mode for the current block.
- the addition unit (340) can generate a restoration signal (restored picture, restoration block, restoration sample array) by adding the acquired residual signal to the prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit (332) and/or the intra prediction unit (331)).
- the prediction block can be used as the restoration block.
- the addition unit (340) may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated restoration signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing target block in the current picture, may be output after filtering as described below, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit (350) can apply filtering to the restoration signal to improve subjective/objective image quality.
- the filtering unit (350) can apply various filtering methods to the restoration picture to generate a modified restoration picture, and transmit the modified restoration picture to the memory (360), specifically, the DPB of the memory (360).
- the various filtering methods can include deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, etc.
- the (corrected) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory (360) can be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit (332).
- the memory (360) can store motion information of a block from which motion information in the current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a picture that has already been reconstructed.
- the stored motion information can be transferred to the inter prediction unit (260) to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory (360) can store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture and transfer them to the intra prediction unit (331).
- the embodiments described in the filtering unit (260), the inter prediction unit (221), and the intra prediction unit (222) of the encoding device (200) may be applied identically or correspondingly to the filtering unit (350), the inter prediction unit (332), and the intra prediction unit (331) of the decoding device (300), respectively.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an image decoding method performed by a decoding device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- transform coefficients of the current block can be derived from the bitstream (S400). That is, the bitstream can include residual information of the current block, and the transform coefficients of the current block can be derived by decoding the residual information.
- residual samples of the current block can be derived by performing at least one of dequantization and inverse transform on the transform coefficients of the current block (S410).
- the inverse transform can be performed based on at least one of DCT-2, DST-7, or DCT-8.
- DCT-2, DST-7, DCT-8, etc. can be called a transform type, a transform kernel, or a transform core.
- the inverse transform may mean a separable transform. However, it is not limited thereto, and the inverse transform may mean a non-separable transform, or may be a concept including a separable transform and a non-separable transform.
- the inverse transform in the present disclosure means a primary transform, but is not limited thereto, and may be applied to a secondary transform by being transformed into an identical/similar form.
- DCT-2 and a non-separable transform may be used, or a non-separable transform may be used in addition to at least one of DCT-2, DST-7, or DCT-8, or a non-separable transform may replace the transform kernel of one or more of DCT-2, DST-7, or DCT-8.
- a non-separable transform can replace or be added to one or more of the five transform kernel candidates.
- the notation indicates that transform1 is applied in the horizontal direction and transform2 is applied in the vertical direction.
- the non-separable transform replaces some of the transform kernel candidates, the remaining transform kernel candidates except (DCT-2, DCT-2) and (DST-7, DST-7) can be replaced with the non-separable transform.
- the transform kernel candidates are only examples, and other types of DCT and/or DST may be included, and a transform skip may be included as the transform kernel candidate.
- a non-separable transform can mean a transform or inverse transform based on a non-separable transform matrix. That is, unlike a separable transform that performs horizontal and vertical transforms independently by separating vertical and horizontal transforms, a non-separable transform can perform horizontal and vertical transforms at once.
- the input data X to the non-separable transformation is as shown in the following mathematical expression 1.
- vector X' can be expressed as follows.
- non-separable transformation can be performed as in the following mathematical expression 3.
- F represents a transformation coefficient vector
- T represents a 16x16 non-separable transformation matrix
- ⁇ represents the multiplication of a matrix and a vector.
- a 16x1 transform coefficient vector F can be derived through the above mathematical expression 3, and the F can be reconstructed into 4x4 blocks according to a predetermined scan order.
- the scan order can be a horizontal scan, a vertical scan, a diagonal scan, a z-scan, a raster scan, or a pre-defined scan.
- the non-separable transform set and/or transform kernel for the above non-separable transform can be variously configured based on at least one of a prediction mode (e.g., intra mode, inter mode, etc.), the width, height, or number of pixels of the current block, the position of a sub-block within the current block, explicitly signaled syntax elements, statistical characteristics of surrounding samples, whether a second transform is used, or a quantization parameter (QP).
- a prediction mode e.g., intra mode, inter mode, etc.
- QP quantization parameter
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes are grouped to correspond to n non-separable transform sets, and each non-separable transform set may include k transform kernel candidates, where n and k may be arbitrary constants according to rules (conditions) defined identically for the encoding device and the decoding device.
- the number of non-separable transformation sets and/or the number of transformation kernel candidates included in the non-separable transformation sets may be configured differently depending on the width and/or height of the current block. For example, for a 4x4 block, n 1 non-separable transformation sets and k 1 transformation kernel candidates may be configured. For a 4x8 block, n 2 non-separable transformation sets and k 2 transformation kernel candidates may be configured. In addition, the number of non-separable transformation sets and the number of transformation kernel candidates included in each non-separable transformation set may be configured differently depending on the product of the width and the height of the current block.
- n 3 non-separable transformation sets and k 3 transformation kernel candidates may be configured, otherwise, n 4 non-separable transformation sets and k 4 transformation kernel candidates may be configured. That is, since the degree of change in the statistical characteristics of the residual signal varies depending on the block size, the number of non-separable transformation sets and transformation kernel candidates can be configured differently to reflect this.
- the statistical characteristics of the residual signal may be different for each sub-block, and therefore the number of non-separable transform sets and transform kernel candidates may be configured differently. For example, if a 4x8 or 8x4 block is divided into two 4x4 sub-blocks and a non-separable transform is applied to each sub-block, n 5 non-separable transform sets and k 5 transform kernel candidates may be configured for the upper left 4x4 sub-block, and n 6 non-separable transform sets and k 6 transform kernel candidates may be configured for other 4x4 sub-blocks.
- the number of inseparable transformation sets and transformation kernel candidates can be configured differently.
- the syntax element information indicating any one of a plurality of inseparable transformation configurations can be used. For example, if three kinds of inseparable transformation configurations are supported (i.e., n 7 inseparable transformation sets and k 7 transformation kernel candidates, n 8 inseparable transformation sets and k 8 transformation kernel candidates, n 9 inseparable transformation sets and k 9 transformation kernel candidates), the corresponding syntax element can have values of 0, 1, and 2, and the inseparable transformation configuration applied to the current block can be determined according to the value of the signaled syntax element.
- the number of non-separable transform sets and transformation kernel candidates can be configured differently. For example, when a second-order transform is not applied, a non-separable transform configuration including a set of n 10 non-separable transforms and k 10 transformation kernel candidates can be applied. When a second-order transform is applied, a non-separable transform configuration including a set of n 11 non-separable transforms and k 11 transformation kernel candidates can be applied.
- non-separable transform configurations can be applied. For example, when the QP value has a small value, a non-separable transform configuration including n 12 non-separable transform sets and k 12 transform kernel candidates can be applied. On the other hand, when the QP value has a large value, a non-separable transform configuration including n 13 non-separable transform sets and k 13 transform kernel candidates can be applied. If the QP value is less than or equal to a threshold (e.g., 32), the case is classified as having a small QP value, and otherwise, the case is classified as having a large QP value. Alternatively, the ranges of QP values can be divided into three or more, and different non-separable transform configurations can be applied for each range.
- a threshold e.g. 32
- the block can be divided into multiple sub-blocks and a non-separable transform corresponding to the width and height of the sub-blocks can be used.
- a non-separable transform corresponding to the width and height of the sub-blocks can be used.
- the 4x8 block can be divided into two 4x4 sub-blocks and a 4x4 block-based non-separable transform can be used for each of the 4x4 sub-blocks.
- the block can be divided into two 8x8 sub-blocks and an 8x8 block-based non-separable transform can be used.
- the above non-separable transform set can be determined based on the intra prediction mode of the current block and the mapping table.
- the mapping table can define the mapping relationship between the pre-defined intra prediction modes and the non-separable transform sets.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes can include two non-directional modes and 65 directional modes.
- the non-separable transform has a larger transform kernel size than the separable transform. This means that the computational complexity required for the transform process is high and the memory required for storing the transform kernel is large. Meanwhile, the separable transform can consider only statistical characteristics existing in the horizontal and/or vertical directions, but the non-separable transform can simultaneously consider statistical characteristics in the two-dimensional space including the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby providing better compression efficiency.
- the non-directional mode can include the planar mode of number 0 and the DC mode of number 1, and the directional mode can include the intra prediction modes of numbers 2 to 66.
- this is merely an example, and the present disclosure can also be applied to cases where the number of pre-defined intra prediction modes is different.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes can further include intra prediction modes from -14 to -1 and intra prediction modes from 67 to 80.
- FIG. 5 exemplarily shows intra prediction modes and prediction directions thereof according to the present disclosure.
- modes -14 to -1 and 2 to 33 and modes 35 to 80 are symmetrical with respect to the prediction direction with respect to mode 34.
- modes 10 and 58 are symmetrical with respect to the direction corresponding to mode 34
- mode -1 is symmetrical with mode 67. Accordingly, for a vertical mode that is symmetrical with respect to a horizontal mode with respect to mode 34, the input data can be transposed and used. Transposing the input data means that rows in the input data MxN of a two-dimensional block become columns and columns become rows to form NxM data.
- 16 data forming a 4x4 block can be appropriately arranged to form a 16x1 1-dimensional vector for non-separable transformation.
- the 1-dimensional vector can be formed in row-major order or in column-major order.
- the residual samples resulting from the non-separable transformation can be arranged in the above order to form a 2-dimensional block.
- the input vector can be constructed according to column-major order.
- Mode 34 can be considered as neither a horizontal mode nor a vertical mode, but in this disclosure, it is classified as belonging to a horizontal mode. That is, for modes -14 to -1 and 2 to 33, the input data alignment method for the horizontal mode, i.e., the row-major order, is used, and for the vertical mode that is symmetrical about mode 34, the input data can be transposed and used.
- the symmetry between block shapes that are in a transpose relationship with each other i.e., the symmetry between a KxL block and an LxK block
- a symmetry relationship exists between a KxL block predicted by the P mode and an LxK block predicted by the (68-P) mode.
- a symmetry relationship exists between a KxL block predicted by the Q mode and an LxK block predicted by the (66-Q) mode.
- the same transformation kernel can be applied to the KxL block and the LxK block.
- the non-separable transformation set can be derived through a mapping table corresponding to the KxL block based on the (68-P) mode instead of the P mode applied to the LxK block.
- the non-separable transformation set can be derived through a mapping table corresponding to the KxL block based on the (66-Q) mode instead of the Q mode applied to the LxK block.
- the non-separable transformation set can be selected based on mode 2 instead of mode 66.
- the input data can be read in a pre-determined order (e.g., row-major order or column-major order) to form a one-dimensional vector and then the corresponding non-separable transformation can be applied.
- the input data can be read in the transposed order to form a one-dimensional vector and then the corresponding non-separable transformation can be applied. That is, if the KxL block is read in row-major order, the LxK block can be read in column-major order. Conversely, if the KxL block is read in column-major order, the LxK block can be read in row-major order.
- a non-separable transformation set can be determined based on mode 34, and the input data can be read in a pre-determined order to form a one-dimensional vector and perform the corresponding non-separable transformation.
- mode 34 is applied to the LxK block, a non-separable transformation set can be determined based on mode 34, but the input data can be read in a transposed order to form a one-dimensional vector and perform the corresponding non-separable transformation.
- a method for determining a non-separable transformation set and a method for organizing input data are described based on a KxL block.
- the non-separable transformation may be performed based on an LxK block by utilizing the symmetry described above for a KxL block.
- a block having a width greater than its height may be restricted to be used as a reference block.
- the symmetry may be restricted not to be utilized in the case of non-square blocks.
- a non-square block may use a different number of non-separable transformation sets and/or transformation kernel candidates than a square block, and may select a non-separable transformation set using a different mapping table than a square block.
- mapping table for selecting a set of non-separable transformations is as follows:
- Table 1 shows an example of allocating non-separable transform sets by intra prediction mode when there are five non-separable transform sets.
- the value of predModeIntra means the value of the intra prediction mode considering WAIP, and TrSetIdx is an index indicating a specific non-separable transform set.
- Table 1 it can be confirmed that the same non-separable transform set is applied to modes located in symmetrical directions according to the intra prediction mode.
- Table 1 is only an example of using five non-separable transform sets, and does not limit the total number of non-separable transform sets for non-separable transforms.
- the non-separable transform may not be applied to WAIP for compression performance.
- a non-separable transform set corresponding to adjacent intra prediction modes may be shared.
- the above non-separable transform set may include a plurality of transform kernel candidates, and any one of the plurality of transform kernel candidates may be selectively used. For this purpose, an index signaled through a bitstream may be used.
- any one of the plurality of transform kernel candidates may be implicitly determined based on context information of a current block.
- the context information may mean a size of a current block or whether a non-separable transform is applied to a neighboring block.
- the size of the current block may be defined by a width, a height, a maximum/minimum value of the width and the height, a sum of the width and the height, or a product of the width and the height.
- the inverse transformation can be divided into a separable transformation and a non-separable transformation.
- a separable transformation means performing transformations in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction respectively for a two-dimensional block
- a non-separable transformation can mean performing a single transformation for samples constituting the entire or a part of a two-dimensional block.
- a separable transformation it can be expressed as a pair of horizontal transformation and vertical transformation, and in this disclosure, it will be expressed as (horizontal transformation, vertical transformation).
- Each transformation set can contain one or more transformation kernel candidates.
- any one of (DST-7, DST-7), (DCT-8, DST-7), (DST-7, DCT-8), or (DCT-8, DCT-8) can be applied as a separate transform, and the four transform kernel candidates can be regarded as one transform set.
- (DCT-2, DCT-2) can be regarded as one transform set.
- a transform skip that does not apply a transform can also be regarded as one transform set, and (DCT-2, DCT-2) and the transform skip can be regarded as one transform set.
- a transform kernel may refer to one transform (e.g., DCT-2, DST-7) or may refer to two transform pairs (e.g., (DCT-2, DCT-2)).
- a non-separable transform applied as a primary transform may be denoted as a Non-Separable Primary Transform (NSPT).
- NSPT Non-Separable Primary Transform
- a plurality of non-separable transform sets may be configured, and each non-separable transform set may include one or more transform kernels as transform kernel candidates.
- one of the plurality of non-separable transform sets is selected according to the intra prediction mode, and the plurality of non-separable transform sets for NSPT may be denoted as an NSPT set list. This is as discussed above, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- a group of one or more transform sets available to a current block can be formed from a plurality of pre-defined transform sets.
- the group of one or more transform sets can be formed by a predetermined area unit to which the current block belongs, and is hereinafter referred to as a collection.
- the predetermined area unit can be at least one of a picture, a slice, a coding tree unit row (CTU row), or a coding tree unit (CTU).
- a transform set consisting of (DCT-2, DCT-2) be called S 1
- a transform set consisting of (DST-7, DST-7), (DCT-8, DST-7), (DST-7, DCT-8) and (DCT-8, DCT-8) be called S 2
- the above-described NSPT set list can include N non-separable transform sets, and the N non-separable transform sets are called S 3,1 , S 3,2 , ..., S 3,N , respectively.
- N may be 35, but is not limited thereto.
- the transformation kernel applicable to the current block may belong to any one of S 1 , S 2 , or S 3,13 .
- the collection available to the current block can be denoted as ⁇ S 1 , S 2 , S 3,13 ⁇ .
- a collection according to the present disclosure is a group of one or more transform sets available to a current block, the collection may be configured differently depending on the context of the current block.
- a collection may be formed based on the context of the current block, and at this time, a process of selecting one of a plurality of transformation sets belonging to the collection and selecting one of a plurality of transformation kernel candidates belonging to the selected transformation set may be performed.
- the selection of the transformation set and the transformation kernel candidate may be performed implicitly based on the context of the current block, or may be performed based on an index that is explicitly signaled.
- the process of selecting one of a plurality of transformation sets belonging to the collection and the process of selecting one of a plurality of transformation kernel candidates belonging to the selected transformation set may be performed separately. For example, an index for selecting a transformation set may be first signaled, and based on this, one of a plurality of transformation sets belonging to the collection may be selected.
- an index indicating one of a plurality of transformation kernel candidates belonging to the transformation set may be signaled, and based on the signaled index, one of the transformation kernel candidates may be selected from the transformation set.
- a transformation kernel of the current block may be determined based on the selected transformation kernel candidate.
- the selection of one transformation set from the collection may be implicitly performed based on the context of the current block, and the selection of one transformation kernel candidate from the selected transformation set may be performed based on the signaled index.
- the selection of one transformation set from the collection may be implicitly performed based on the signaled index, and the selection of one transformation kernel candidate from the selected transformation set may be implicitly performed based on the context of the current block.
- the selection of one transformation set from the collection may be implicitly performed based on the context of the current block, and the selection of one transformation kernel candidate from the selected transformation set may also be implicitly performed based on the context of the current block.
- the index for selecting the transformation set may not be signaled.
- the index for indicating the corresponding transformation kernel candidate may not be signaled.
- an index indicating one of all transformation kernel candidates belonging to the current collection may be signaled.
- the process of selecting one transformation set from the collection can be omitted. At this time, all transformation sets belonging to the collection can be rearranged considering the priority.
- a small-length binary code to an index of a small value, such as a truncated unary code
- different shuffling can be applied to each collection.
- only some of them can be selectively rearranged.
- the transformation kernel for the inverse transformation of the current block can be determined based on MTS (Multiple Transform Selection).
- the MTS according to the present disclosure may use at least one of DST-7, DCT-8, DCT-5, DST-4, DST-1, or IDT (identity transform) as a transform kernel.
- the MTS according to the present disclosure may further include a transform kernel of DCT-2.
- a plurality of MTS sets for MTS can be defined. Based on the size of a current block and/or an intra prediction mode, one of the plurality of MTS sets can be determined. For example, in determining one MTS set, 16 transform block sizes can be considered, and for a directional mode, the shape of the transform block and the symmetry between the intra prediction modes can be considered. For the WAIP (Wide Angle Intra Prediction) mode (i.e., -1 to -14 (or -15), 67 to 80 (or 81)), an MTS set corresponding to mode 2 can be applied for modes -1 to -14 (or -15), and an MTS set corresponding to mode 66 can be applied for modes 67 to 80 (or 81). A separate MTS set can be allocated for the MIP (Matrix-based Intra Prediction) mode.
- MIP Wide Angle Intra Prediction
- MTS sets according to transform block size and intra prediction mode can be allocated/defined as shown in Table 4 below.
- Block size Intra prediction mode width height [0, 1] [2, 12] [13, 23] [24, 34] MIP 4 4 0 1 2 3 4 4 8 5 6 7 8 9 4 16 10 11 12 13 14 4 32 15 16 17 18 19 8 4 20 21 22 23 24 8 8 25 26 27 28 29 8 16 30 31 32 33 34 8 32 35 36 37 38 39 16 4 40 41 42 43 44 16 8 45 46 47 48 49 16 16 50 51 52 53 54 16 32 55 56 57 58 59 32 4 60 61 62 63 64 32 8 65 66 67 68 69 32 16 70 71 72 73 74 32 32 75 76 77 78 79
- Table 4 shows the allocation of MTS sets according to 16 transform block sizes and intra prediction modes.
- the number of pre-defined MTS sets is 80, and the index indicating one of the 80 MTS sets can have a value from 0 to 79, as shown in Table 4.
- Table 5 shows transformation kernel candidates included in each MTS set examined in Table 4.
- Each MTS set can be composed of six transformation kernel candidates.
- the transformation kernel candidate index has a value of any one of 0 to 5 and can indicate any one of the six transformation kernel candidates.
- each transformation kernel candidate can be a combination of a horizontal transformation kernel and a vertical transformation kernel for a separate transformation, and 25 transformation kernel candidates having indices of 0 to 24 can be defined.
- Table 6 is an example of the 25 transform kernel candidates examined in Table 5. Specifically, the horizontal transformation and vertical transformation of the transform kernel candidate are indicated as (horizontal transformation, vertical transformation). For each transform kernel candidate index, the horizontal/vertical transformation when the intra prediction mode is less than 35 may be the opposite of the horizontal/vertical transformation when the intra prediction mode is 35 or more. When the value of the intra prediction mode is 35 or more, a mode symmetrical with respect to mode 34 may be derived, and an MTS set may be selected from Table 4 based on the mode. In addition, the symmetry of the block shape may be additionally considered. When the original transform block has a WxH size, the original transform block may be considered to have a HxW size by symmetrizing it, and an MTS set may be selected from Table 4.
- the value of the intra prediction mode may be the value of the modified intra prediction mode. That is, as mode values for WAIP, -14 (or -15) to -1 are modified to mode 2, 67 to 80 (or 81) are modified to mode 66, and the remaining modes can be set to the values of the modified intra prediction modes as the values of the original intra prediction modes.
- the extended modes for WAIP are also configured symmetrically around mode 34, the symmetry around mode 34 can be utilized for all directional modes except for the Planar mode and the DC mode.
- an MTS set with an index of 72 can be selected, as defined in Table 4.
- the MTS set assigned to the MIP mode may be selected based on the size of the current block without considering the symmetry of the block shape.
- the MTS set assigned to the MIP mode may be selected based on the symmetric block size considering the symmetry of the block shape. For example, when the MIP mode is applied for an 8x16 block, the 8x16 block may be regarded as a symmetrical 16x8 block thereto, and an MTS set having an index of 49 may be selected as defined in Table 4.
- the intra prediction mode may be regarded as the Planar mode.
- the MTS set assigned to the MIP mode may be selected based on the size of the current block without considering the symmetry of the block shape.
- the MTS set assigned to the MIP mode may be selected based on the symmetrical block size considering the symmetry of the block shape.
- a flag may be used to indicate whether the MIP mode is applied in the transpose mode. If the MIP mode is applied to the current block of MxN and the flag indicates application of the transpose mode, the intra prediction mode is regarded as the Planar mode, and the current block of MxN may be regarded as an NxM block. That is, from Table 4, an MTS set corresponding to the block size of NxM and the Planar mode may be selected. As seen in Table 6, if the value of the intra prediction mode is 35 or more, the horizontal transformation and the vertical transformation are swapped, but since the intra prediction mode of the current block is regarded as the Planar mode, the horizontal transformation and the vertical transformation of the transformation kernel candidate may not be swapped.
- the intra prediction mode is not regarded as the Planar mode, and the current block of MxN may be regarded as an NxM block. That is, from Table 4, an MTS set corresponding to the block size of NxM and the MIP mode may be selected.
- a transformation kernel candidate selected by a transformation kernel candidate index may be set as a transformation kernel of the current block.
- at least one of the horizontal transformation or the vertical transformation of the selected transformation kernel candidate may be changed to another transformation kernel. For example, if the transformation kernel candidate index is 3 and both the width and the height of the current block are 16 or less, at least one of the horizontal transformation or the vertical transformation of the transformation kernel candidate corresponding to the transformation kernel candidate index of 3 may be changed to another transformation kernel. At this time, the horizontal transformation and the vertical transformation may be changed independently of each other.
- the vertical transformation of the selected transformation kernel candidate may be changed to an IDT (identity transformation). If the difference (or the absolute value of the difference) between the value of the intra prediction mode of the current block and the value of the vertical mode is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold, the horizontal transformation of the selected transformation kernel candidate may be changed to an IDT (identity transformation).
- the threshold can be determined based on the width and height of the current block, as shown in Table 7 below.
- Threshold width height 4 4 8 4 8 6 4 16 4 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 16 6 16 4 4 16 8 2 16 16 -1
- Table 7 defines thresholds according to the size of a transform block for changing the horizontal transformation and/or vertical transformation of a transform kernel candidate selected by a transform kernel candidate index to another transform kernel.
- transform kernel candidates composing one MTS set can be distinguished by transform kernel candidate indices from 0 to 5 as defined in Table 5.
- the transform kernel candidate indices can be signaled via a bitstream.
- a flag indicating whether the MTS set is available/applied (MTS enabled flag or MTS flag) can be signaled, and a transform kernel candidate index can be signaled when the flag indicates the availability/applicability of the MTS set.
- the MTS flag can be composed of one bin, and one or more contexts for CABAC-based entropy coding (hereinafter, referred to as CABAC contexts) can be allocated to the bin. For example, different CABAC contexts can be allocated for non-MIP mode and MIP mode, respectively.
- the number of transform kernel candidates available to the current block may be set differently.
- the sum of the absolute values of all or part of the transform coefficients in the current block may be considered.
- the sum of the absolute values of the transform coefficients is referred to as AbsSum. If AbsSum is less than or equal to T1, only one transform kernel candidate corresponding to the transform kernel candidate index of 0 may be available. If AbsSum is greater than T1 and less than or equal to T2, four transform kernel candidates corresponding to the transform kernel candidate indices of 0 to 3 may be available. If AbsSum is greater than T2, six transform kernel candidates corresponding to the transform kernel candidate indices of 0 to 5 may be available.
- T1 may be 6 and T2 may be 32, but this is only an example.
- the transformation kernel candidate corresponding to the transformation kernel candidate index of 0 can be set as the transformation kernel of the current block without signaling the transformation kernel candidate index.
- AbsSum is greater than T1 and less than or equal to T2
- any one of the four transformation kernel candidates can be selected based on the transformation kernel candidate index having two bins. That is, the transformation kernel candidate indices of 0 to 3 can be signaled as 00, 01, 10, and 11, respectively.
- MSB Most Significant Bit
- LSB Least Significant Bit
- a CABAC context other than the CABAC context allocated for the MTS flag may be allocated to each bin.
- a CABAC context may not be allocated to the two bins and bypass coding may be applied.
- AbsSum is greater than T2
- the transform kernel candidate index has a value from 0 to 5, so the transform kernel candidate index cannot be expressed with only two bins.
- the transform kernel candidate index may be expressed by allocating two or more bins, such as truncated binary coding.
- a CABAC context may be allocated, or bypass coding may be applied without allocating a CABAC context.
- a CABAC context may be allocated to some of a plurality of bins (e.g., the first bin, or the first and second bins), and bypass coding may be applied to the remaining bins.
- the transformation kernel of the current block can be determined based on a transformation set including one or more transformation kernel candidates.
- the transformation kernel of the current block can be derived from any one or more transformation kernel candidates belonging to the transformation set.
- the process of determining a transformation kernel of a current block may include at least one of 1) a process of determining a transformation set of the current block or 2) a process of selecting one transformation kernel candidate from the transformation set of the current block.
- the process of determining the transformation set may be a process of selecting one of a plurality of transformation sets that are identically pre-defined for the encoding device and the decoding device.
- the process of determining the transformation set may be a process of configuring one or more transformation sets available to the current block from among a plurality of transformation sets that are identically pre-defined for the encoding device and the decoding device, and selecting one of the configured transformation sets.
- the process of determining the transformation set may be a process of configuring one transformation set based on a transformation kernel candidate available to the current block from among a plurality of transformation kernel candidates that are identically pre-defined for the encoding device and the decoding device.
- the transformation set of the current block includes multiple transformation kernel candidates, a process of selecting one of the multiple transformation kernel candidates for the current block may be performed. However, if the transformation set of the current block includes one transformation kernel candidate (i.e., the current block has one transformation kernel candidate available), the transformation kernel of the current block may be set to the corresponding transformation kernel candidate.
- the transform set according to the present disclosure may mean the (non-separable) transform set in the aforementioned embodiment 1, or may mean the MTS set in the embodiment 2.
- the transform set may be defined separately from the (non-separable) transform set in the embodiment 1 or the MTS set in the embodiment 2.
- the transform set may include one or more specific transform kernels as transform kernel candidates.
- One specific transform kernel may be defined as a pair of a transform kernel for horizontal transform and a transform kernel for vertical transform, or may be defined as one transform kernel that is equally applied to horizontal and vertical transforms.
- NSPT which is a non-separable transform applied as a primary transform
- NSPT can be applied to all or part of a transform block.
- residual samples existing in the region where NSPT is applied can be input as a one-dimensional vector of NSPT. That is, residual samples existing in all or part of a transform block (referred to as Region Of Interest, ROI, in the present disclosure) can be collected as a one-dimensional vector and configured as an input.
- ROI Region Of Interest
- a primary transform coefficient can be obtained.
- a one-dimensional vector output can be obtained.
- the non-separable transform kernel for NSPT may have a matrix dimension determined according to the size of the ROI.
- the transform kernel may be referred to as a transform type and a transform matrix
- the non-separable transform kernel for NSPT may be referred to as an NSPT kernel.
- the dimension of the corresponding transform matrix may be MN x MN.
- the dimension of the NSPT kernel may be 64 x 64.
- the NSPT kernel when NSPT is applied to a residual generated by intra prediction, can be adaptively determined according to the intra prediction mode. Since the statistical characteristics of the residual block can vary depending on the intra prediction mode, the compression efficiency can be improved by adaptively determining the NSPT kernel according to the intra prediction mode.
- the non-separable transform set can be determined based on the intra prediction mode of the current block and the mapping table.
- the mapping table can define a mapping relationship between the pre-defined intra prediction modes and the non-separable transform sets.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes can include two non-directional modes and 65 directional modes.
- intra prediction modes can be grouped into intra prediction mode groups.
- One NSPT kernel or multiple NSPT kernels can be assigned to an intra prediction mode group.
- a non-separable transform set (NSPT set) including one or more NSPT kernels can be assigned to an intra prediction mode group.
- the non-separable transform set is mapped to an intra prediction mode, and one of N NSPT kernels included in the non-separable transform set can be selected.
- an intra prediction group may include adjacent prediction modes (e.g., modes 17, 18, and 19).
- an intra prediction group may include modes having symmetry.
- directional modes may be symmetrical with respect to the diagonal mode (i.e., intra prediction mode 34) of FIG. 5 described above.
- two modes having symmetry may form one group (or pair).
- modes 18 and 50 may be included in the same group because they are symmetrical with respect to mode 34.
- a process of transposing a 2D input block and then forming a one-dimensional input vector may be added before applying the forward NSPT kernel.
- a one-dimensional input vector may be derived from the corresponding input block in the row first order without transposing the 2D input block. If the intra prediction mode is greater than 34, the one-dimensional input vector can be constructed by first transposing the 2D input block and then reading the input block in the row-first order, or by leaving the 2D input block as it is and reading the input block in the column-first order.
- Table 8 illustrates an example of an allocation mapping table for NSPT sets according to intra prediction modes.
- a total of 35 NSPT sets from 0 to 34 can be defined.
- the extended WAIP mode i.e., modes from -14 to -1 and modes from 67 to 80 in Fig. 5
- An NSPT set may include one or more NSPT kernels (or kernel candidates). That is, an NSPT set may include N NSPT kernel candidates. For example, N may be set to a value greater than or equal to 1, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
- a kernel applied to a current block among one or more NSPT kernels included in the NSPT set may be signaled using an index.
- the index may be referred to as an NSPT index.
- the NSPT index may have values of 0, 1, 2, ..., N - 1.
- the NSPT index value may be fixed to 0. In this case, the NSPT index may be inferred without being separately signaled.
- a flag indicating whether NSPT is applied may be signaled separately from the NSPT index. In the present disclosure, the flag may be referred to as an NSPT flag.
- NSPT flag value When the NSPT flag value is 1, NSPT may be applied. When the NSPT flag value is 0, NSPT may not be applied. When the NSPT flag is not signaled, the NSPT flag value may be inferred as 0. As an example, when the NSPT flag value is 1, the NSPT index may be signaled. Based on the signaled NSPT index, one of the N kernel candidates included in the NSPT set selected by the intra prediction mode may be specified.
- the entropy coding method of the NSPT index can be defined in various ways considering the number (N) of NSPT kernels included in the NSPT set. For example, as a method of mapping values from 0 to N-1 to empty strings (i.e., binarization method), a truncated unary binarization, a truncated binarization, and a fixed-length binarization method can be used.
- the candidates can be specified by two bins.
- the first, second, and third candidates can be binarized to 0, 10, and 11, respectively, and signaled.
- the binarized bins can be coded using context coding or bypass coding.
- a reduced primary transform (RPT) method using a transform kernel of a reduced dimension by a primary transform is described.
- RPT reduced primary transform
- samples belonging to a 2D residual block can be arranged (or rearranged) into a 1D vector according to the row priority (or column priority).
- a transformation matrix for NSPT can be multiplied by the arranged vector.
- the corresponding 2D residual block is an M x N block (M is the width length, N is the height length)
- the length of the rearranged 1D vector can be M*N. That is, the corresponding 2D residual block can also be represented as a column vector having a dimension of M*N x 1.
- M*N can be conveniently denoted as MN.
- the dimension of the corresponding transformation matrix can be MN x MN.
- forward NSPT can work by multiplying the left side of an MN x 1 vector by the corresponding MN x MN transformation matrix to obtain an MN x 1 transformation coefficient vector.
- r transform coefficients can be obtained by multiplying an r x MN matrix.
- r represents the number of rows of the transform matrix
- MN represents the number of columns of the transform matrix.
- the value of r can be set to be less than or equal to MN. That is, the existing forward NSPT transform matrix includes MN rows, and each row is a 1 x MN row vector, which is a transform basis vector of the corresponding NSPT transform matrix.
- the corresponding transform coefficients can be obtained by multiplying each transform basis vector by an MN x 1 sample column vector.
- the conventional forward NSPT transformation matrix is composed of MN row vectors
- MN transformation coefficients i.e., MN x 1 transformation coefficient column vectors
- the transformation matrix can be composed of r transformation basis vectors instead of MN transformation basis vectors. Accordingly, when the forward RPT is applied, r transformation coefficients (i.e., r x 1 transformation coefficient column vectors) can be obtained instead of MN.
- the RPT kernel can be configured by selecting r transformation basis vectors, which are some of the transformation basis vectors constituting the MN x MN forward NSPT kernel.
- the transformation kernel can be referred to as a transformation type and a transformation matrix
- the non-separable transformation kernel for NSPT can be referred to as an RPT kernel. That is, when selecting r 1 x MN row vectors from the MN x MN forward NSPT kernel, it can be advantageous to select the transformation basis vectors that are most important from the viewpoint of coding performance. Specifically, in terms of energy compaction through transformation, more energy can be concentrated on the transformation coefficients that appear first by multiplying the forward NSPT transformation matrix.
- the transformation basis vectors located on the upper side of the forward NSPT transformation matrix can generate transformation coefficients having larger energy.
- the r x MN forward RPT kernel can be configured (or derived) by taking r from the upper side of the forward NSPT kernel.
- the RPT according to the present disclosure takes only a part (i.e., r) of the transform coefficients obtained by applying the existing NSPT, which may result in a loss of a part of the energy of the original signal. That is, distortion may occur between the original signal and the original signal through the process. Nevertheless, by applying the RPT, since only r transform coefficients are generated instead of MN, the amount of bits required to code the transform coefficients can be reduced. Therefore, in the case of a signal in which a large amount of energy is concentrated in a small number of transform coefficients (e.g., an image residual signal), the gain obtained by reducing the signaling bits can be significantly large, thereby improving the coding performance.
- r a part of the transform coefficients obtained by applying the existing NSPT
- the reverse NSPT may be the transpose matrix of the forward NSPT kernel described above as a transformation matrix.
- the input data may be a transformation coefficient signal instead of a sample signal such as a residual signal.
- the forward NSPT transformation matrix is G and the sample signal rearranged into a 1D vector is x
- the transformation coefficient vector obtained by multiplying the transformation matrix on the left side can be expressed as in the following mathematical expression 4.
- x and y can be MN x 1 column vectors.
- G can have the form of MN x MN matrix.
- the reverse NSPT process can be expressed as Equation 5 below using the same variables.
- G T denotes the transpose matrix of G.
- the forward RPT operation and the backward RPT operation according to the present disclosure can also be expressed by the two mathematical expressions above.
- y is an r x 1 column vector instead of an MN x 1 column vector
- G is an r x MN matrix instead of an MM x MN matrix. That is, even if RPT is applied instead of NSPT, the dimension of the sample signal (e.g., image residual signal) does not change, which may mean that the original number of sample signals (i.e., MN sample signals) can be restored with only r transform coefficients through the backward RPT. That is, the original MN sample signals can be restored by coding only r transform coefficients that are less than MN, which may lead to an improvement in coding performance.
- MN sample signals i.e., MN sample signals
- an RPT structure that defines an r value considering the statistical characteristics of a residual block, and derives a residual block of an existing transform block size from a residual block of a reduced size determined according to the defined r value. If an additional transformation (i.e., a secondary transform) is applied to predict a statistical distribution of primary transform coefficients, quantized non-zero coefficients may be concentrated in a relatively low frequency region since a quantization process is applied to the primary transform coefficients. Accordingly, a reduced secondary transform for statistical distribution of primary transform coefficients can define the statistical characteristics of primary transform coefficients relatively simply in the form of setting an r value for a given low frequency region.
- a secondary transform for statistical distribution of primary transform coefficients can define the statistical characteristics of primary transform coefficients relatively simply in the form of setting an r value for a given low frequency region.
- the RPT is a technique for defining an r value considering the statistical characteristics of samples in a residual block that have very different characteristics from the distribution of primary transform coefficients, and thus has a fundamental difference from the reduced secondary transform.
- the RPT kernel which is a reduced-dimensional transformation matrix. In other words, we describe below a method for determining or defining the r value in the RPT.
- memory usage can be considered as a measure of worst-case complexity.
- memory usage and/or number of multiplications per sample can be considered as a measure of worst-case complexity. For example, if the maximum possible number of multiplications per sample is set to 16 for a 16x16 block, and the memory usage is set to 8KB or less per kernel (kernel coefficients are expressed in 1 byte), then the value of r can be set to 16 or less.
- the r value constituting the RPT kernel may be determined by specific information.
- the r value constituting the RPT kernel may be determined based on a predefined encoding parameter.
- the r value may be determined according to the size of the block.
- the RPT kernel may be variably determined according to the size of the block.
- the block may be at least one of a coding block, a transform block, and a prediction block.
- the r value may be determined based on prediction information.
- the prediction information may include information about inter/intra prediction, intra prediction mode information, etc.
- the r value may be determined based on signaled information (value of a syntax element).
- the r value may be variably determined according to a quantization parameter value.
- a predefined fixed value may be used as the r value, and the predefined fixed value may be determined based on the signaled information.
- r transform coefficients can be obtained.
- the obtained r transform coefficients can be arranged according to a scan order of the predefined transform coefficients (e.g., forward/backward zig-zag scan order, forward/backward horizontal scan order, forward/backward vertical scan order, forward/backward diagonal scan order, a scan order specified based on an intra prediction mode, etc.).
- the transform coefficients obtained from the forward RPT application are arranged according to such a scan order (e.g., a scan order per coefficient group (CG) unit can also be applied), if the value of r is smaller than MN, the inside of the M x N block cannot be completely filled with the r transform coefficients, and thus a blank space may be generated.
- a scan order e.g., a scan order per coefficient group (CG) unit can also be applied
- CG scan order per coefficient group
- the values of empty spaces can be filled using the values of available surrounding pixels.
- the values of empty spaces can be filled based on the values of available surrounding pixels and the intra prediction mode.
- the values of empty spaces can be predicted by performing intra prediction based on the values of available surrounding pixels and the intra prediction mode.
- the empty space values can be filled in from available surrounding pixels using a predefined intra prediction mode (e.g., planar mode).
- a predefined intra prediction mode e.g., planar mode
- filling in the blank space with 0 among the examples described above may be referred to as a zero-out process.
- the following embodiment may be applied. If a non-zero transform coefficient is detected (or parsed) in the blank space portion during parsing of the transform coefficients on the decoding device side, it may be considered (or inferred) that the RPT is not applied. In other words, if a non-zero transform coefficient exists in the predefined area representing the corresponding blank space, it may be considered that the RPT is not applied. In this case, signaling (or parsing) for a flag indicating whether to apply the RPT and/or an index designating one of a plurality of RPT kernel candidates may not be performed. As an example, if a non-zero transform coefficient exists in the predefined area representing the corresponding blank space, a predefined variable value may be updated, and it may be inferred that the RPT is not applied based on the updated variable value.
- whether to apply RPT can be determined depending on the size and/or shape of a block.
- the RPT kernel can be variably determined depending on the size and/or shape of the block. Since the r value can be different depending on the size and/or shape of the block (i.e., for each M x N block), the empty space can be different depending on the size and/or shape of the block. Accordingly, the area for checking whether a non-zero transform coefficient is detected depending on the size and/or shape of the block can be defined differently. In other words, the zero-out area can be variably determined.
- the r value when a 16x64 matrix is applied as a forward RPT matrix for an 8x8 block, the r value may be 16.
- the CG when the CG is a 4x4 sub-block, only the upper left 4x4 block may be filled with a non-zero RPT transform coefficient, and the remaining three 4x4 sub-blocks (i.e., the upper right, lower left, and lower right sub-blocks), which are empty spaces, may be filled with 0 values.
- a non-zero transform coefficient is detected in the remaining three 4x4 sub-block areas during the decoding process, it may be considered that the RPT is not applied.
- a flag indicating whether to apply the RPT or an index specifying one of a plurality of RPT kernel candidates may not be signaled.
- non-zero RPT transform coefficients may be filled only for two CGs in the scan order.
- the RPT transform coefficients may be filled in the upper-left 4x4 sub-block and the 4x4 sub-block adjacent to the lower side of the upper-left sub-block.
- the area to be filled with zero as an empty space may be determined as the remaining area excluding the two 4x4 sub-blocks.
- the RPT kernel may be variably determined depending on the size and/or shape of the block, and as discussed above, the empty space may be determined differently for an 8x8 block and a 16x8 block.
- the flag and/or index related to the RPT may not be signaled if it is detected that non-zero transform coefficients exist in CGs belonging to the empty space. That is, the transform coefficients within the CG may be scanned in a specified order for each CG, and the transform coefficients within the CG may be scanned in the same manner for the next CG according to the scan order for the CG unit.
- the conventional image compression technology since a flag for whether a non-zero transform coefficient exists within each CG is signaled first, whether to apply the RPT can be determined based on the information alone, which can reduce the signaling overhead and the related implementation complexity.
- RPT may not be applied. In this case, signaling for information related to RPT may be omitted. However, since it is not possible to determine whether RPT is applied if a non-zero transform coefficient is not detected in the empty space area, the flag indicating whether RPT is applied may be parsed after parsing (or signaling) the related transform coefficients to finally determine whether RPT is applied.
- a forward secondary transform may be additionally applied to the transform coefficients generated through the application of RPT.
- a forward secondary transform may be additionally applied to a region where the generated transform coefficients are located in an M x N block.
- the region or a part of the region may be referred to as an ROI in terms of the forward secondary transform.
- the backward secondary transform may be applied first and then the backward RPT may be applied.
- a region or a part of the region where r transform coefficients generated by the application of the forward RPT are located may be set as an ROI and the forward secondary transform may be applied.
- the generated 16 transform coefficients may be located in the upper left 4x4 sub-block, and the sub-block region may be set as an ROI and the forward secondary transform may be applied to the ROI.
- the RPT kernel can adjust the coefficient values considering operations such as integer operations or fixed-point operations. That is, the RPT kernel can be configured to perform a transformation through integer operations (or fixed-point operations) in a practical codec system by appropriately scaling the kernel coefficients belonging to the kernel, rather than a theoretical orthogonal transformation or non-orthogonal transformation (wherein, the orthogonal transformation and the non-orthogonal transformation represent transformations in which the norm of each transformation basis vector is 1).
- the scaling factor multiplied can be equally reflected when applying the RPT.
- a separable transformation or a non-separable transformation can be performed while maintaining other processes (e.g., quantization and dequantization processes) other than the transformation.
- Integer coefficients of the RPT kernel can be obtained by multiplying the transformation basis vector by the scaling value described above.
- multiplying the scaling value may include applying operations such as rounding, flooring, and ceilinging to each kernel coefficient. That is, the integerized RPT kernel obtained through the above-described method is defined and can be used in the transformation/inverse transformation process.
- the maximum and minimum values can be obtained for all kernel coefficients, so that the number of bits that can express all kernel coefficients can be obtained from the maximum and minimum values. For example, if the maximum value is less than or equal to 127 and the minimum value is greater than or equal to -128, all integer kernel coefficients can be expressed with 8 bits (in particular, through 2's complement representation, etc.).
- all integer kernel coefficients can be represented with N bits. If the maximum is greater than (2 (N-1) - 1) or the minimum is less than -2 (N-1) , then not all integer kernel coefficients can be represented with N bits. In this case, 1) all kernel coefficients can be additionally multiplied by a scaling factor to fit within the N-bit range, or 2) the number of bits required to represent the kernel coefficients can be increased (i.e., more than N+1 bits).
- All kernel coefficients can be expressed as 8-bit, 9-bit, 10-bit, etc. using the method described above.
- the scaling value of the kernel coefficients can be set differently for each block size or kernel, and the number of bits for expressing the kernel coefficients can be set differently.
- the above-described NSPT can be applied based on at least one of the size, tree type, or component type of the current block. For example, whether to apply the NSPT can be determined based on at least one of the size, tree type, or component type of the current block.
- An NSPT index can be signaled based on at least one of the size, tree type, or component type of the current block.
- An NSPT set or an NSPT kernel can be derived based on at least one of the size, tree type, or component type of the current block.
- Allowed transform block sizes defined in the decoding device can be broadly divided into two groups.
- One of the two groups (hereinafter referred to as the first group) may mean a set of block sizes to which NSPT can be applied.
- the first group may be composed of one of the allowed transform block sizes, or may be composed of two or more block sizes among the allowed block sizes.
- the block size to which NSPT can be applied may be defined as a block size in which at least one of the width and the height is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
- the block size to which NSPT can be applied may be defined as a block size in which the product of the width and the height is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
- the block size to which NSPT can be applied may be defined as a block size in which the maximum value of the width and the height is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
- the threshold may be an integer of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or higher.
- the other of the above two groups may mean a set of block sizes to which NSPT is not applied.
- the above-described separable primary transformation may be applied to the block sizes belonging to the second group.
- a non-separable secondary transformation may be applied to all or part of the block sizes belonging to the second group.
- the reverse NSPT can be applied to the (dequantized) transform coefficients of the current block.
- the reverse separable primary transform can be applied to the (dequantized) transform coefficients of the current block.
- the reverse non-separable secondary transform e.g., low frequency non-separable transform, LFNST
- the reverse separable primary transform e.g., DCT-2
- the first group which is a set of block sizes to which NSPT can be applied, can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 8x4, 8x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x8, 8x4, 8x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x8, 8x4.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x8, 16x4.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x8, 16x4.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 16x4.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x8, 16x16.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x32, 32x16, 32x32.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x8, 16x16, 16x32, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x8, 16x16, 16x32, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 8x4, 8x16, 16x8, 16x16, 16x32, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 8x4, 8x16, 16x8, 16x32, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 16x4.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as a set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 4x16, 8x4, 8x16, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 32x4, 32x8.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 32x4, 32x8.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16, 32x4, 32x8.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 16x32, 32x4, 32x8, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16, 16x32, 32x4, 32x8, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 16x32, 32x4, 32x8, 32x16.
- the first group can be defined as the set of 4x4, 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, 8x4, 8x8, 8x16, 8x32, 16x4, 16x8, 16x16, 16x32, 32x4, 32x8, 32x16, 32x32.
- an NSPT matrix (or NSPT kernel) having a predetermined dimension
- the NSPT matrix can be expressed as a matrix having a dimension of PxQ as a reverse transformation matrix
- the PxQ matrix represents a matrix in which the number of rows and the number of columns are P and Q, respectively.
- an NSPT matrix of 16x16 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 32x20 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 64x24 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 64x32 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 128x40 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 256x44 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 128x36, 128x38, or 128x40 may be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 256x48 can be applied.
- an NSPT matrix of 512x52 or 512x54 can be applied.
- a Px1 output vector can be obtained by applying the PxQ matrix to the Qx1 input vector (i.e., (PxQ matrix) x (Qx1 input vector)).
- the Qx1 input vector may correspond to (inverse quantized) transform coefficients in the current block to which the NSPT is applied.
- the value of Q may mean the number of transform coefficients to which the NSPT is applied, and may be less than or equal to the product of the width and the height of the current block.
- the value of Q may be variably determined based on the size of the current block among the block sizes belonging to the first group described above.
- the value of Q may be set to be the same for the block sizes belonging to the first group.
- the Px1 output vector may correspond to a residual signal (or, decoded residual samples).
- the value of P may be equal to the product of the width and the height of the current block.
- the forward NSPT matrix can be expressed as a QxP matrix, which is a transpose matrix of the PxQ matrix.
- a QxP output vector can be obtained by applying the QxP matrix to the Px1 input vector (i.e., (QxP matrix)x(Px1 input vector)).
- the Px1 input vector can correspond to residual samples in the current block to which the NSPT is applied.
- the value of P can be equal to the product of the width and the height of the current block.
- the Qx1 output vector can correspond to transform coefficients in the current block induced through the NSPT.
- the value of Q can mean the number of transform coefficients output through the NSPT, and can be less than or equal to the product of the width and the height of the current block.
- the value of Q can be variably determined based on the size of the current block among the block sizes belonging to the first group described above.
- the value of Q can be set identically for the block sizes belonging to the first group.
- NSPT can be applied to non-square blocks, MxN blocks and NxM blocks.
- NSPT can be applied to 4x8 blocks and 8x4 blocks.
- NSPT can be applied to 4x16 blocks and 16x4 blocks, or NSPT can be applied to 8x16 blocks and 16x8 blocks, or NSPT can be applied to 16x32 blocks and 32x16 blocks.
- LFNST can be composed of a small number of transform basis vectors.
- a separable primary transform such as DCT-2 and a non-separable secondary transform such as LFNST are applied instead of NSPT to the corresponding block sizes, performance degradation may occur.
- NSPT NSPT
- LFNST the transpose operation is performed on the corresponding input block only for the ROI region by utilizing symmetry.
- NSPT the transpose operation is performed on the entire block by utilizing symmetry. Therefore, in the case of NSPT, the corresponding NSPT kernel can be trained and applied by utilizing a more sophisticated symmetry, so performance improvement can be expected.
- a 32x64 transformation matrix can be applied instead of a 16x64 transformation matrix from the perspective of forward transformation.
- the 16x64 transformation matrix can be constructed by sampling the upper 16 rows of the 32x64 transformation matrix.
- NSPT can be applied to the luma component of the current block, and NSPT can not be applied to the chroma component of the current block. If the tree type of the current block is a dual tree, NSPT can be applied to the luma component and chroma component of the current block.
- NSPT may be applied to the luma component of the current block and not applied to the chroma component of the current block, regardless of whether the tree type of the current block is a single tree.
- NSPT may be applied to the luma component and chroma component of the current block, regardless of whether the tree type of the current block is a single tree.
- the tree type of the current block is single tree
- NSPT is allowed for luma and chroma components
- the size of the current block belongs to the first group one NSPT index can be signaled, and the luma and chroma components of the current block can share the NSPT index.
- the NSPT index can be an index for selecting any one of the transformation kernel candidates for the NSPT. If the sizes of the luma block and the chroma block of the current block belong to the first group, the transformation kernel candidate selected by the same NSPT index can be applied to the luma and chroma components.
- LFNST may not be applied to the chroma component of the current block, and a separate transformation may be applied.
- LFNST may be applied to the chroma component of the current block.
- the luma component and the chroma component have independent partitioning and encoding structures. In this case, by signaling the NSPT index for each component, the characteristics of each component can be reflected and compression efficiency can be improved.
- the NSPT kernel for the above NSPT can be derived based on at least one of symmetry between intra prediction modes or symmetry between block shapes.
- the NSPT kernel can be derived as an NSPT kernel corresponding to at least one of a mode symmetrical to an intra prediction mode of a current block or a block shape symmetrical to a block shape of the current block.
- the NSPT kernel can be derived based on an NSPT set including one or more NSPT kernel candidates, wherein the NSPT set can be derived as an NSPT set corresponding to at least one of a mode symmetrical to an intra prediction mode of a current block or a block shape symmetrical to a block shape of the current block.
- Any one of the one or more NSPT kernel candidates belonging to the NSPT set can be set as the NSPT kernel of the current block.
- an NSPT index specifying any one of the one or more NSPT kernel candidates belonging to the NSPT set can be used.
- the NSPT index can be signaled through a bitstream or can be derived based on the aforementioned symmetry.
- Modes 2 to 66 may be named normal directional modes (which may be expressed as [2, 66]), and modes -14 to -1 (which may be expressed as [-14, -1]) and modes 67 to 80 (which may be expressed as [67, 80]) may be named wide directional modes.
- the wide directional mode may include at least one of a mode having a value smaller than -14 or a mode having a value larger than 80.
- all modes except mode 0 and mode 1 are symmetrical with respect to mode 34.
- mode x and mode (68 - x) are symmetrical
- mode x and mode (66 - x) are symmetrical between mode [-14, -1] and mode [67, 80].
- the same symmetry relationship can be established between mode [N, -1] and mode [67, 66 - N].
- N can be an integer less than or equal to -14.
- an MxN block and an NxM block can be defined as blocks that are symmetric to each other.
- M and N can be the same or different.
- an M1xN1 block and an M2xN2 block can be defined as blocks that are symmetric to each other.
- an M1xN1 block and an M2xN2 block can be defined as blocks that are symmetric to each other.
- modes that are symmetric to each other can share at least one of the NSPT set, the NSPT index, or the NSPT kernel. That is, at least one of the NSPT set, the NSPT index, or the NSPT kernel for one of the symmetric modes can be applied equally to another of the symmetric modes.
- modes that are symmetric to each other can share a single NSPT kernel.
- the corresponding NSPT kernel can be applied to the input data, and for the other mode, a transpose operation can be applied to the input data and then the corresponding NSPT kernel can be applied.
- a 1D vector can be constructed in the row-first order for the MxM block, which is the input data, and the NSPT kernel can be applied to the 1D vector.
- the construction of the 1D vector in the row-first order can be done by reading the input data from the MxM block, which is the input data, in units of rows, obtaining M columns, and arranging them in order to construct the 1D vector.
- a 1D vector can be constructed in the column-first order and the same NSPT kernel can be applied to the 1D vector.
- the configuration of the 1D vector according to the column-first order may be to read the input data in units of columns from the MxM block, which is the input data, to obtain M columns, and to sequentially arrange them to configure a 1D vector.
- the 1D vector may be configured in the column-first order for the (66 - x) mode that is symmetric to the x-th mode, and the same NSPT kernel as that of the x-th mode may be applied to the 1D vector.
- the column-first order or the row-first order may be applied to the modes 0 and 1, and the column-first order or the row-first order may be applied to the mode 34.
- the row-first order may be applied to the intra prediction mode that belongs to the [2, 33] mode, and the column-first order may be applied to the mode that is symmetric to the intra prediction mode.
- row-major ordering can be applied, and for modes symmetric to this, column-major ordering can be applied.
- non-square blocks in addition to the symmetry between intra prediction modes, symmetry between block shapes may be further considered.
- a non-square block whose width and height are M and N, respectively, can be viewed as having a symmetry relationship with a non-square block whose width and height are N and M, respectively.
- the xth mode of an MxN block belongs to the [N, -1] mode (N ⁇ -14)
- the method of constructing a 1D vector from an input data block is as discussed above. That is, if the column-major order is applied to the x-th mode, the row-major order can be applied to the mode that is symmetric to it. Alternatively, if the row-major order is applied to the x-th mode, the column-major order can be applied to the mode that is symmetric to it. Specifically, if the column-major order is applied to the x-th mode, the input data can be read from the MxN block of input data in units of columns to obtain M columns, which can be arranged in order to construct a 1D vector. Here, each column can have a length of N.
- the input data can be read from the MxN block of input data in units of rows to obtain N rows, which can be arranged in order to construct a 1D vector.
- each row can have a length of M.
- the input data can be read from the MxN block of input data in units of rows to obtain N rows, which can be arranged in order to construct a 1D vector.
- each row can have a length of M.
- input data can be read column by column from the MxN block of input data to obtain M columns, and these can be arranged in order to form a 1D vector.
- each column can have a length of N.
- the NSPT set and/or the NSPT kernel of the current block can be determined based on at least one of an intra prediction mode symmetric to the x mode or a block size of NxM symmetric to the block size of MxN.
- the NSPT kernel can be set as the NSPT kernel for the NxM block, not the NSPT kernel for the MxN block. That is, if the symmetry is utilized for the current block, the NSPT set and/or the NSPT kernel for the block having symmetry with the current block can be utilized in the same manner.
- a 1D vector can be constructed from an input data block according to a predetermined priority order, and this can correspond to the input of the NSPT kernel.
- the symmetry may be restricted to be utilized only when the value of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than 34. That is, when the value of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than 34, a transpose operation may be applied when constructing a 1D vector from an input data block, and an NSPT set or NSPT kernel corresponding to a mode and/or block shape having symmetry with the current block may be utilized. Specifically, when the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs to the [N, -1] mode and the [2, 34] mode, the symmetry may not be utilized for the current block. On the other hand, when the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs to the [35, 66] mode and the [67, 66 - N] mode, the symmetry may be utilized for the current block.
- N may be an integer less than or equal to -14.
- the derivation of the NSPT set or NSPT kernel based on the above symmetry can be adaptively performed based on the size of the current block. For example, for 4x4 blocks and 8x8 blocks, the NSPT set or NSPT kernel may be derived based on symmetry, and for 4x8 blocks and 8x4 blocks, the NSPT set or NSPT kernel may not be derived based on symmetry.
- the number of available NSPT sets may be different. For example, if symmetry is utilized, the number of available NSPT sets may be 35, and if symmetry is not utilized, the number of available NSPT sets may be 67.
- Table 9 shows an example of how the NSPT set is determined using symmetry, and shows the mapping relationship between intra prediction modes and NSPT sets when the number of available NSPT sets is 35.
- Intra prediction mode NSPT set index X ⁇ 0 2 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 34 X 35 ⁇ X ⁇ 66 68 - X X > 66 2
- the NSPT set of the current block can be determined as the NSPT set having the NSPT set index of 2 among the 35 NSPT sets. If the value (X) of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 34, the NSPT set of the current block can be determined as the NSPT set having the NSPT set index of X among the 35 NSPT sets.
- the NSPT set of the current block can be determined as the NSPT set having the NSPT set index of (68-X) among the 35 NSPT sets. If the value (X) of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than or equal to 35 and less than or equal to 66, the NSPT set of the current block may be identical to the NSPT set corresponding to the value (68-X) of the mode symmetrical to the intra prediction mode of the current block.
- the NSPT set of the current block may be determined as the NSPT set having an NSPT set index of 2 among the 35 NSPT sets. If the value (X) of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than 66, the NSPT set of the current block may be identical to the NSPT set corresponding to the mode symmetrical to the intra prediction mode of the current block.
- Table 10 shows an example in which the NSPT set is determined without using symmetry, and shows the mapping relationship between intra prediction modes and NSPT sets when the number of available NSPT sets is 67.
- Intra prediction mode NSPT set index X ⁇ 0 2 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 66 X X > 66 66
- the NSPT set of the current block can be determined as the NSPT set having the NSPT set index of 2 among the 67 NSPT sets. If the value (X) of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 66, the NSPT set of the current block can be determined as the NSPT set having the NSPT set index of X among the 67 NSPT sets. If the value (X) of the intra prediction mode of the current block is greater than 66, the NSPT set of the current block can be determined as the NSPT set having the NSPT set index of 66 among the 67 NSPT sets.
- the memory size required for storing the transformation kernel can be saved while maintaining the performance according to the transformation application. For example, if 35 NSPT sets are used instead of 67 NSPT sets by utilizing the symmetry, the memory size required for storing the NSPT kernel can be significantly reduced.
- the number of available NSPT sets and/or the number of NSPT kernel candidates in an NSPT set may vary depending on the block size.
- the number of available NSPT sets for a 4x4 block may be 35
- the number of available NSPT sets for 4x8 blocks and 8x4 blocks may be 19, and the number of available NSPT sets for 8x8 blocks may be 10.
- the NSPT set for a 4x4 block may consist of three NSPT kernel candidates
- the NSPT sets for 4x8 blocks and 8x4 blocks may consist of three or two NSPT kernel candidates
- the NSPT set for an 8x8 block may consist of one NSPT kernel candidate.
- the size of the transform kernel may increase. Accordingly, by reducing the number of available NSPT sets and/or the number of NSPT kernel candidates belonging to the NSPT set, the memory size required for storing the transform kernel can be saved. In addition, as the block size increases, the residual signal characteristics within the corresponding block tend to become more generalized. Therefore, reducing the number of available NSPT sets and/or the number of NSPT kernel candidates belonging to the NSPT set can help maintain compression efficiency while reducing the implementation complexity by reflecting these statistical characteristics.
- the NSPT kernel can be configured with 8-bit precision.
- the range of the coefficients in the NSPT kernel can be greater than or equal to -128 and less than or equal to 127. If the precision is increased to more than 8 bits, the result obtained through matrix multiplication can be shifted to the right by the increased precision. For example, if the value obtained after matrix multiplication based on the NSPT kernel with 8-bit precision is shifted to the right by S bits and stored in the buffer, if the coefficients of the kernel are configured with N-bit precision, they can be shifted to the right by (S+(N-8)) bits and stored in the buffer.
- the size of the NSPT kernel (or NSPT matrix) can be expressed as MN x r.
- MN can mean the product of the width and the height of the current block. This can mean the output length of the NSPT or the number of residual samples generated by the NSPT.
- r can mean the input length of the NSPT or the number of (inverse quantized) transform coefficients to which the NSPT is applied. r can be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to MN. The following is an example of the NSPT matrix of MN x r according to the block size.
- the NSPT matrix for a 4x4 block can be composed of a 16x16 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for a 4x8 block and an 8x4 block can be composed of a 32x20 matrix, a 32x16 matrix, a 32x24 matrix, a 32x28 matrix, or a 32x32 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for an 8x8 block can be composed of a 64x16 matrix, a 64x24 matrix, a 64x32 matrix, a 64x40 matrix, a 64x48 matrix, a 64x56 matrix, or a 64x64 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for a 4x16 block and a 16x4 block can be composed of a 64x16 matrix, a 64x24 matrix, a 64x32 matrix, a 64x40 matrix, a 64x48 matrix, a 64x56 matrix, or a 64x64 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for 8x16 blocks and 16x8 blocks can be a 128x96 matrix, a 128x64 matrix, a 128x48 matrix, or a 128x32 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for 16x16 blocks can be a 256x128 matrix, a 256x96 matrix, or a 256x64 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for 16x32 blocks and 32x16 blocks can be a 512x256 matrix or a 512x128 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix for 32x32 blocks can be a 1024x512 matrix, a 1024x256 matrix, or a 1024x128 matrix.
- a 16x16 matrix can be applied for 4xN blocks and Nx4 blocks, where N can be an integer greater than or equal to 4.
- a 64x16 matrix can be applied for 8x8 blocks.
- a 64x32 matrix can be applied for 8xN blocks and Nx8 blocks, where N can be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- a 96x32 matrix can be applied for 16xN blocks and Nx16 blocks, where N can be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- the value of r in the NSPT matrix of MN x r may be determined according to a predetermined criterion.
- the criterion may be (1) ensuring that the sum of the amount of computation for the first transformation and the amount of computation for the second transformation is below a certain level, and (2) ensuring that the number of multiplications per sample required for the NSPT operation is below a certain number.
- a separate linear transformation is performed on an MxN block by matrix multiplication, (M+N) multiplications are required per sample to perform the linear transformation.
- LFNST is applied to a certain ROI (Region-Of-Interest) area, assuming that the LFNST matrix of the reverse transformation is a PxQ matrix, (P*Q)/(M*N) multiplications are required per sample.
- a PxQ matrix can mean a matrix in which the number of rows is P and the number of columns is Q.
- the value of r that ensures that the number of multiplications per sample for applying NSPT is less than or equal to the number of multiplications per sample for applying DCT-2 transform and LFNST can be determined as follows.
- the value of r in the NSPT matrix by block size can be set as follows.
- mathematical expression 6 if the value of (P*Q)/(M*N) is not an integer, an integer close to the value of (P*Q)/(M*N) can be used.
- a floor operation can be applied to the value of (P*Q)/(M*N).
- r can be set to (M + N + floor((P*Q)/(M*N))).
- floor(x) can mean the largest integer that does not exceed x.
- a round operation can be applied to the value of (P*Q)/(M*N).
- r can be set to (M + N + round((P*Q)/(M*N))).
- round(x) can mean a rounded value of x.
- a ceil operation can be applied to the value of (P*Q)/(M*N).
- r can be set to (M + N + ceil((P*Q)/(M*N))).
- ceil(x) can mean the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.
- the maximum value of r is 24. However, the value of r must be less than or equal to 16, so the value of r can be set to 16.
- the maximum value of r is 20.
- the value of r can be set to 20.
- the maximum value of r is 32.
- the value of r can be set to 32.
- the maximum value of r is 24.
- the value of r can be set to 24.
- the maximum value of r is 40.
- the value of r can be set to 40.
- the maximum value of r is 44.
- the value of r can be set to 44.
- the maximum value of r is 54.
- the value of r can be set to 54.
- the maximum value of r is 67.
- the value of r can be set to 67.
- the maximum value of r is 38.
- the value of r can be set to 38.
- the value of r can be set to 20.
- the maximum value of r is 48.
- the value of r can be set to 48.
- the value of r can be set to 24.
- the value of r is not a multiple of 4.
- SIMD Single Instruction Multiple Data
- the value of r can be set to 52 or 56 instead of 54.
- the value of r can be set to 64 or 68 instead of 67.
- the value of r can be set to 36 or 40 instead of 38.
- the value of r can be set to be a multiple of K, where K can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- K can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- the value of r can be set to be a multiple of K that satisfies the inequality in the following mathematical expression (7).
- func() can be floor, round, or ceil as described above.
- the value of r according to the above-mentioned predetermined criterion is for the case where zero-out is not considered. That is, when forward LFNST is applied, the primary transformed transform coefficients of the remaining areas except for the area where LFNST is applied are zeroed out, so the actual amount of calculation required to apply DCT-2 and LFNST may be less than the above-mentioned amount of calculation. Therefore, when the above-mentioned zero-out is considered, the value of r may be set to a value smaller than the value of r according to the above-mentioned predetermined criterion.
- the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 16.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 4x4 block based on the forward transform, and a 16x16 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 4x4 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 16, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 16.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 4x4 block based on the forward transform, and a 16x16 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 4x4 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 14, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 14.
- zero-out may not be performed for the separable primary transform, in which case the value of r may be set to a value less than or equal to 32.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 8x8 block based on the forward transform, and a 64x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 8x8 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 32, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable primary transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 32.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 8x8 block based on the forward transform, and a 64x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 8x8 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 28, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 28.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 12x12 block based on the forward transform, and a 96x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 12x12 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 33, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 33.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 4x4 block based on the forward transform, and a 16x16 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 4x4 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 12, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable primary transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 12.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 4x4 block based on the forward transform, and a 16x16 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 4x4 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 9, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 9.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 4x4 block based on the forward transform, and a 16x16 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 4x4 block.
- the value of r when replacing the separable linear transform and LFNST with NSPT, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 10, which is the sum of the number of sample-wise multiplications in the separable linear transform and the number of sample-wise multiplications in the LFNST. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 10.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 4x4 block based on the forward transform, and a 16x16 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 4x4 block.
- the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 6.5.
- the value of r is a value that constitutes the matrix dimension, so it can be set to an integer of 6 or 7 instead of 6.5.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 8x8 block based on the forward transform, and a 64x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 8x8 block.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 8x8 block based on the forward transform, and a 64x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 8x8 block.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 12x12 block based on the forward transform, and a 96x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 12x12 block.
- zero-out can be performed on the remaining areas except for the upper left 12x12 block based on the forward transform, and a 96x32 matrix, which is the forward LFNST matrix, can be applied to the upper left 12x12 block.
- the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 19.5. Since the same amount of computation is required when applying the reverse separable first-order transform and LFNST, the value of r can be set to a value less than or equal to 19.5.
- the value of r is a value that constitutes the matrix dimension, so it can be set to an integer of 19 or 20 instead of 19.5.
- the value of r is not a multiple of K.
- K may be 4.
- the value of r may be set to be a multiple of K.
- the value of r that is a multiple of K may be set as follows.
- func() can be floor, round, or ceil as described above.
- the value of r in the NSPT matrix for an MxN block may be different from the value of r in the NSPT matrix for an NxM block.
- the reverse NSPT matrix for a 4x8 block may be a 32x16 matrix
- the reverse NSPT matrix for an 8x4 block may be a 32x14 matrix.
- the NSPT matrix may be determined by utilizing the symmetry between the MxN block and the NxM block.
- the current block is an MxN block with x mode.
- an NSPT matrix corresponding to at least one of a mode symmetric to the x mode or a block size of NxM symmetric to the block size of MxN may be applied.
- the NSPT matrix corresponding to the block size of NxM for the current block may be applied as is.
- the NSPT matrix corresponding to the block size of NxM may be applied, but the value of r may be the value of r in the NSPT matrix corresponding to the block size of MxN.
- the reverse NSPT matrix for a 4x8 block may be a 32x16 matrix (i.e., the value of r in the NSPT matrix is 16), and the reverse NSPT matrix for an 8x4 block may be a 32x14 matrix (i.e., the value of r in the NSPT matrix is 14).
- the NSPT matrix for at least one of a mode symmetric to mode x for the current block or a 4x8 block symmetric to the 8x4 block may be applied.
- the 32x16 matrix which is the reverse NSPT matrix for the 4x8 block
- a 32x14 matrix having the value of r in the reverse NSPT matrix for the 8x4 block may be used.
- the 32x14 matrix may be derived by sampling 14 rows from the left in the 32x16 matrix. In this way, when a 32x14 matrix is applied to the current block with a block size of 8x4, the aforementioned criteria are satisfied.
- an NSPT matrix for at least one of a mode symmetric to mode x for the current block or an 8x4 block symmetric to the 4x8 block can be applied.
- a 32x14 matrix for an 8x4 block can be applied instead of a 32x16 matrix for a 4x8 block. This allows NSPT to be performed using fewer multiplications than are allowed for a 4x8 block.
- the reverse NSPT matrix for MxN blocks and NxM blocks can be set to MN x max(r1, r2).
- max(r1, r2) can mean selecting a value that is greater than or equal to r1 and r2.
- the backward NSPT matrix for a 4x8 block can be a 32x16 matrix (i.e., the value of r in the NSPT matrix is 16), and the backward NSPT matrix for an 8x4 block can be a 32x14 matrix (i.e., the value of r in the NSPT matrix is 14).
- the current block is a 4x8 block with mode x
- the NSPT matrix for at least one of a mode symmetric to the x mode for the current block or an 8x4 block symmetric to the 4x8 block can be applied.
- the 32x16 matrix which is the backward NSPT matrix for the 8x4 block, can be used.
- the 32x14 matrix will be used as the NSPT matrix for the 8x4 block.
- the NSPT matrix for 4x8 blocks and the NSPT matrix for 8x4 blocks are configured as 32 x max(16, 14) matrices, the 32x16 matrix can be fully applied.
- the NSPT matrix for at least one of a mode symmetric to mode x for the current block or a 4x8 block symmetric to the 8x4 block may be applied.
- a 32x16 matrix, which is the reverse NSPT matrix for the 4x8 block, or a 32x14 matrix may be used.
- the 32x14 matrix can be derived by sampling 14 rows from the left in the 32x16 matrix.
- a transformation consisting of the maximum number of transformation basis vectors can be applied while satisfying the above-mentioned conditions, thereby maximizing coding performance.
- the value of r can be set to be a multiple of 16.
- a 32x16 matrix instead of a 32x20 matrix can be applied.
- the transform coefficients of the transform block can be encoded in units of a predetermined coefficient group (CG).
- CG predetermined coefficient group
- a CG can be defined as a group of 16 transform coefficients, and for example, a CG can be a sub-block of a size such as 4x4, 2x8, or 8x2.
- Transform coefficients can be derived by applying forward NSPT to residual samples of an MxN block.
- the number of derived transform coefficients can be less than or equal to the value of (M*N) due to zero-out. That is, the forward NSPT matrix can be defined as an r x (M*N) matrix, where r means the output length of NSPT or the number of transform coefficients induced through NSPT, and (M*N) means the input length of NSPT or the number of residual samples to which NSPT is applied.
- the above-described derived transform coefficients can be arranged in an MxN block according to a predetermined scan order, and an area where the transform coefficients are not filled can be filled with 0 (i.e., zero-out). Therefore, during the process of scanning the transform coefficients in a decoding device, if a non-zero transform coefficient is found in an area that would have been filled with 0 if NSPT had been applied (or, if the scan position of the last valid coefficient in the MxN block is greater than or equal to r), it is considered that NSPT is not applied to the corresponding MxN block, and the NSPT index may not be signaled.
- An index indicating a scan position of 0 may be assigned to the upper-left coefficient (i.e., the DC component coefficient) in the MxN block, and indices increased by 1 may be assigned to the remaining coefficients in the MxN block according to a predetermined order.
- One or more values of r can be defined for the block sizes to which NSPT can be applied. For example, one or more values of r can be defined for each of the block sizes to which NSPT can be applied. Alternatively, one value of r can be defined for each block size to which NSPT can be applied, and the value of r for one of the block sizes to which NSPT can be applied can be different from the value of r for another one. Alternatively, one value of r can be defined for some of the block sizes to which NSPT can be applied, and two or more values of r can be defined for the rest.
- an index specifying one of the multiple values of r or r itself can be signaled.
- the index can be signaled in a high level syntax (HLS) such as VPS, SPS, PPS, PH, SH, or can be signaled at a block level such as CTU, CU, TU.
- HLS high level syntax
- VPS VPS
- SPS SPS
- PPS PPS
- PH SH
- block level such as CTU, CU, TU.
- the value of r is within a specific range, it can be signaled by allocating enough bits to encompass the range. For example, when the value of r is within the range of 1 to 256, it can be signaled by designating 8 bits as a fixed-length.
- the transformation kernel of the current block may be determined based on any one of the embodiments 1 to 3 described above. Alternatively, the transformation kernel of the current block may be determined based on a combination of at least two of the embodiments 1 to 3, within a range where the inventions according to the embodiments 1 to 3 described above do not conflict with each other.
- a transform index for the inverse transform of the current block can be signaled.
- the transform index can specify one or more transform kernels (or transform matrices) belonging to a transform set.
- the transform index can mean an NSPT index specifying one or more NSPT kernels belonging to an NSPT set.
- the transform index can mean an LFNST index specifying one or more LFNST kernels belonging to an LFNST set.
- Whether the above transformation index corresponds to the NSPT index can be determined based on whether the size of the current block is one of the block sizes belonging to the first group described above. This is based on the assumption that the block sizes to which NSPT is applicable and the block sizes to which LFNST is applicable are distinguished from each other. In this case, if the size of the current block belongs to the first group, the transformation index signaled for the current block corresponds to the NSPT index, and the NSPT kernel can be determined from the NSPT set based on the transformation index.
- the transformation index signaled for the current block corresponds to the LFNST index
- the LFNST kernel can be determined from the LFNST set based on the transformation index. If the size of the current block does not belong to the first group, this may mean that the size of the current block belongs to the second group described above. Alternatively, if the size of the current block does not belong to the first group, this may mean that the size of the current block corresponds to a block size to which LFNST is applicable among the block sizes belonging to the second group. In this way, the NSPT index and the LFNST index can be configured as a single integrated syntax rather than as separate syntaxes.
- NSPT can be applied instead of LFNST.
- NSPT can be applied instead of the combination of separable primary transform (e.g., DCT-2, separable KLT) and LFNST.
- the NSPT index can be signaled, and for the remaining block sizes (where LFNST is allowed), the LFNST index can be signaled.
- the complexity of the implementation can also be reduced.
- the NSPT index and LFNST index can be signaled separately as separate syntaxes.
- the implementation complexity may increase somewhat, but compression performance can be improved by performing optimized entropy coding for each index.
- the same binarization can be applied to the LFNST index and the NSPT index.
- the same CABAC context (or CABAC context increment) can be assigned to the bins of the LFNST index and the NSPT index.
- Different binarization and/or CABAC contexts may be used for the LFNST index and the NSPT index.
- Different CABAC initial values may be assigned for the LFNST index and the NSPT index.
- one of the LFNST index and the NSPT index may be binarized based on fixed-length binarization, and the other may be binarized based on truncated unary binarization. Even if the binarization of the LFNST index and the NSPT index are the same, different CABAC contexts and/or CABAC initial values may be assigned.
- different binarization and/or CABAC contexts may be used for the LFNST index and the NSPT index.
- the number of NSPT kernel candidates belonging to the NSPT set may be set differently for each block size.
- the block sizes belonging to the first group may be divided into a plurality of subgroups.
- the number of NSPT kernel candidates belonging to the NSPT set may be set differently for each of the plurality of subgroups.
- at least one of the plurality of subgroups may include a plurality of different block sizes.
- the binarization applied to the NSPT index may be different.
- the NSPT index can have any one of 0 to 3. If the value of the NSPT index is 0, this may indicate that NSPT is not applied to the current block. If the value of the NSPT index is not 0, this may indicate an NSPT kernel candidate corresponding to the NSPT index among the three NSPT kernel candidates.
- a bin can be assigned to distinguish between the cases where NSPT is applied and the cases where it is not. If the value of the bin is 0, it may correspond to the case where the value of the NSPT index is 0. On the other hand, if the value of the bin is 1, it may correspond to the case where the value of the NSPT index is 1, 2, or 3. In this case, truncated unary binarization can be applied to distinguish between the three NSPT kernel candidates. That is, by assigning two bins, the three NSPT kernel candidates can be distinguished as 0, 10, and 11.
- the NSPT index can have any one of 0 to 2. If the value of the NSPT index is 0, it may indicate that NSPT is not applied to the current block. If the value of the NSPT index is not 0, it may indicate an NSPT kernel candidate corresponding to the NSPT index among the two NSPT kernel candidates. One bin can be assigned to distinguish between the cases where NSPT is applied and those where it is not. The two NSPT kernel candidates can be distinguished by assigning one bin representing one of the two NSPT kernel candidates.
- the NSPT index can have either 0 or 1. If the value of the NSPT index is 0, it can indicate that NSPT is not applied to the current block. If the value of the NSPT index is 1, it can indicate 1 NSPT kernel candidate. In this case, whether NSPT is applied and the NSPT kernel candidate can be specified with only one bin.
- the inverse transform of the current block may be a separable linear transform and/or LFNST-based inverse transform. That is, a reverse LFNST may be applied to all or part of the (inverse quantized) transform coefficients of the current block, and then a reverse separable linear transform may be applied to the transform coefficients derived via the LFNST to derive residual samples.
- a reverse LFNST may be applied to (inverse quantized) transform coefficients belonging to a part of the current block.
- the part of the region means a part to which the forward LFNST is applied, and is referred to as a region of interest (ROI) hereinafter.
- the transform coefficients derived via the LFNST may be arranged in the ROI region according to a predetermined scan order.
- the predetermined scan order may be a row-first order or a column-first order.
- a reverse separable primary transform may be applied to the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST and the transform coefficients belonging to the remaining area except the ROI area within the current block.
- a reverse separable primary transform may be applied to the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST.
- the size of the ROI area may be determined based on at least one of the width or the height of the current block.
- the size of the ROI area may mean at least one of the width or the height of the ROI area, or may mean the number of sample locations belonging to the ROI area.
- LFNST defined for a 4x8 block (hereinafter referred to as LFNST4x8) or LFNST defined for an 8x4 block (hereinafter referred to as LFNST8x4) can be applied.
- LFNST4x8 is applied to the current block
- the ROI area of the current block can be a 4x8 area within the current block.
- the 4x8 area is a area including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block whose width and height are 4 and 8, respectively.
- the ROI area of the current block can be an 8x4 area within the current block.
- the 8x4 area is a area including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block whose width and height are 8 and 4, respectively.
- the above LFNST4x8 can be applied only when the current block is a 4x8 block.
- the LFNST4x8 can be applied when the current block is 4xN and N is greater than or equal to 8 (for example, when the current block is a 4x8, 4x16, 4x32, or larger block).
- the LFNST4x8 can be applied when the current block is 4xN and N is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. For example, when the threshold is 16, the LFNST4x8 can be applied when the current block is a 4x8 or 4x16 block.
- the above LFNST8x4 can be applied only when the current block is an 8x4 block.
- the LFNST8x4 can be applied when the current block is Nx4 and N is greater than or equal to 8 (for example, when the current block is an 8x4, 16x4, 32x4, or larger block).
- the LFNST8x4 can be applied when the current block is Nx4 and N is greater than or equal to 8 and less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. For example, when the threshold is 16, the LFNST8x4 can be applied when the current block is an 8x4 or 16x4 block.
- LFNST (hereinafter referred to as LFNST-32) having an input length less than or equal to 32 and an output length of 32
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST.
- the transform coefficients input to the LFNST may mean all transform coefficients derived based on the residual information of the current block, or may mean transform coefficients to which the forward LFNST is applied among the derived transform coefficients.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients derived through the LFNST.
- the ROI area of the current block may consist of 32 sample locations.
- the dimension (or size) of the transform matrix for the backward LFNST4x8 or LFNST8x4 may be 32xN.
- N may be 16, 20, or 24. That is, the input length of LFNST-32 can be N, and the output length of LFNST-32 can be 32.
- LFNST-32 can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to a 4x8 region which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-32 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 4x8 region within the current block.
- LFNST-32 can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to an 8x4 region which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-32 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 8x4 region within the current block.
- a transform kernel for LFNST-32 can be determined as one of one or more transform kernels (or LFNST kernel candidates) belonging to a transform set.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of transform kernels belonging to a transform set can be used.
- the index can be signaled through a bitstream.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of a plurality of pre-defined transform sets.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of 35 transform sets, and each transform set can include three transform kernels.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined based on an intra prediction mode of the current block, as described above.
- the plurality of transform sets for LFNST-32 can also be defined for LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4, respectively.
- LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 can be adaptively applied based on the size of the current block. If LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 are not applied to the current block, LFNST (hereinafter referred to as LFNST-16) having an input length less than or equal to 16 and an output length of 16 can be used. LFNST-16 can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to the 4x4 region in the current block.
- the 4x4 region in the current block may mean a block including the upper left sample of the current block and having a width and height of 4 and 4, respectively.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-16 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 4x4 region in the current block.
- a separable primary transform can be applied to residual samples of the current block to derive transform coefficients.
- the forward LFNST can be applied to all of the derived transform coefficients or only to transform coefficients belonging to a part of the current block (i.e., the ROI region).
- the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the ROI region of the current block. If the number of transform coefficients output from the LFNST is less than the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST, there may be a region in the ROI region that is not filled with the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST. The region can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0. In addition, the remaining region of the current block excluding the ROI region (or the region to which the LFNST is not applied) can be filled with transform coefficients derived through the separable primary transform or can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0 through zero-out.
- LFNST (hereinafter referred to as LFNST-32) having an input length of 32 and an output length less than or equal to 32
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST.
- the input transform coefficients may be coefficients induced through a separable first-order transform.
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region of the current block.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients induced through LFNST.
- the ROI region of the current block may consist of 32 sample positions.
- the dimension of the transform matrix for the forward LFNST4x8 or LFNST8x4 may be Nx32.
- N may be 16, 20, or 24. That is, the input length of LFNST-32 can be 32, and the output length of LFNST-32 can be N.
- LFNST-32 can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to a 4x8 region, which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-32 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 4x8 region within the current block.
- LFNST-32 can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to an 8x4 region, which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-32 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 8x4 region within the current block.
- LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 can be adaptively applied based on the size of the current block. If LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 are not applied to the current block, LFNST (hereinafter referred to as LFNST-16) whose input length and output length are 16 and 16, respectively, can be used. LFNST-16 can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to a 4x4 area within the current block.
- the 4x4 area within the current block refers to a block including the upper left sample of the current block and having a width and height of 4 and 4, respectively.
- Transform coefficients derived through LFNST-16 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 4x4 area within the current block.
- the symmetry between the block shapes described above can be utilized.
- the LFNST set and/or LFNST kernel for LFNST of the current block can be determined according to the symmetry between a 4xN block and an Nx4 block.
- a 4xN block (or an Nx4 block) can equally utilize the LNFST set and/or LFNST kernel corresponding to an Nx4 block (or a 4xN block) that has symmetry therewith.
- LFNST can be applied to a ROI region (i.e., a 4x8 region or an 8x4 region) within the current block by utilizing the symmetry described above.
- LFNST for 8x16 block (hereinafter referred to as LFNST8x16) and LFNST for 16x8 block (hereinafter referred to as LFNST16x8) can be defined.
- LFNST8x16 When LFNST8x16 is applied to the current block, the ROI region of the current block can be a 4x8, 4x16, 8x8, or 8x16 region within the current block.
- the ROI region is a region including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block having the corresponding width and height.
- the ROI region of the current block can be an 8x4, 16x4, 8x8, or 16x8 region within the current block.
- the ROI region is a region including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block having the corresponding width and height.
- the above ROI region may be identically preset for the encoding device and the decoding device for each of LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8.
- the same ROI region may be set for blocks whose width and height are 8 and N, respectively. Alternatively, at least one of the blocks whose width and height are 8 and N, respectively, may have a different ROI region from the other one.
- the same ROI region may be set for blocks whose width and height are N and 8, respectively. Alternatively, at least one of the blocks whose width and height are N and 8, respectively, may have a different ROI region from the other one.
- the above LFNST8x16 can be applied only when the current block is an 8x16 block.
- the LFNST8x16 can be applied when the current block is 8xN and N is greater than or equal to 16 (for example, when the current block is an 8x16, 8x32, 8x64, or larger block).
- the LFNST8x16 can be applied when the current block is 8xN and N is greater than or equal to 16 and less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. For example, when the threshold is 32, the LFNST8x16 can be applied when the current block is an 8x16 or 8x32 block.
- the above LFNST16x8 can be applied only when the current block is a 16x8 block.
- the LFNST16x8 can be applied when the current block is Nx8 and N is greater than or equal to 16 (for example, when the current block is a 16x8, 32x8, 64x8, or larger block).
- the LFNST16x8 can be applied when the current block is Nx8 and N is greater than or equal to 16 and less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. For example, when the threshold is 32, the LFNST16x8 can be applied when the current block is a 16x8 or 32x8 block.
- an LFNST (hereinafter referred to as LFNST-K) having an input length less than or equal to K and an output length K can be used.
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST.
- the transform coefficients input to the LFNST may mean all transform coefficients derived based on the residual information of the current block, or may mean transform coefficients to which the forward LFNST is applied among the derived transform coefficients.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients derived through the LFNST.
- the above K can be determined based on the size of the ROI region of the current block. For example, if the ROI region is 4x8 or 8x4, LFNST having an input length less than or equal to 32 and an output length of 32 (i.e., LFNST-32) can be used. If the ROI region is 4x16, 16x4, or 8x8, LFNST having an input length less than or equal to 64 and an output length of 64 (i.e., LFNST-64) can be used. If the ROI region is 8x16 or 16x8, LFNST having an input length less than or equal to 128 and an output length of 128 (i.e., LFNST-128) can be used.
- LFNST-K can be applied to the ROI region within the current block.
- K can be 32, 64, or 128, but this is just an example, and K can also be an integer greater than 128.
- the ROI region of the current block can consist of 128 sample locations.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the reverse LFNST8x16 or LFNST16x8 can be 128xN.
- N can be 32, 40, or 48. That is, the input length of LFNST-128 can be N, and the output length of LFNST-128 can be 128.
- LFNST-K can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-K can be arranged in the ROI region within the current block according to a predetermined scan order.
- LFNST-K can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-K can be arranged in the ROI region within the current block according to a predetermined scan order.
- a transform kernel for LFNST-128 can be determined as one of one or more transform kernels (or LFNST kernel candidates) belonging to a transform set.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of transform kernels belonging to a transform set can be used.
- the index can be signaled through a bitstream.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of a plurality of pre-defined transform sets.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of 35 transform sets, and each transform set can include three transform kernels.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined based on an intra prediction mode of the current block, as described above.
- the plurality of transform sets for LFNST-128 can also be defined for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8, respectively.
- LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 can be adaptively applied based on the size of the current block. If LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 are not applied to the current block, LFNST (hereinafter referred to as LFNST-48) with an input length of 16 and an output length of 48 can be used. LFNST-48 can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to a 4x4 region within the current block.
- the 4x4 region within the current block refers to a region including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block with a width and height of 4 and 4, respectively.
- Transform coefficients derived through LFNST-48 can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in three 4x4 regions within the current block.
- the three 4x4 regions may be composed of a first 4x4 region containing the top left sample of the current block, a second 4x4 region adjacent to the right of the first 4x4 region, and a third 4x4 region adjacent to the bottom of the first 4x4 region.
- a separable primary transform can be applied to residual samples of the current block to derive transform coefficients.
- the forward LFNST can be applied to all of the derived transform coefficients or only to transform coefficients belonging to a part of the current block (i.e., the ROI region).
- the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the ROI region of the current block. If the number of transform coefficients output from the LFNST is less than the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST, there may be a region in the ROI region that is not filled with the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST. The region can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0. In addition, the remaining region of the current block excluding the ROI region (or the region to which the LFNST is not applied) can be filled with transform coefficients derived through the separable primary transform or can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0 through zero-out.
- an LFNST having an input length of K and an output length less than or equal to K i.e., referred to as LFNST-K
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST.
- the input transform coefficients may be coefficients induced through a separable first-order transform.
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region of the current block.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients induced through the LFNST.
- the ROI region of the current block may consist of 128 sample positions.
- the dimension of the transform matrix for the forward LFNST8x16 or LFNST16x8 may be Nx128.
- N may be 32, 40, or 48. That is, the input length of LFNST-128 can be 128, and the output length of LFNST-128 can be N.
- LFNST-K when the size of the current block is 8xN and N is greater than or equal to 16, LFNST-K can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-K can be arranged in the ROI region within the current block according to a predetermined scan order.
- LFNST-K when the size of the current block is Nx8 and N is greater than or equal to 16, LFNST-K can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST-K can be arranged in the ROI region within the current block according to a predetermined scan order.
- LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 can be adaptively applied based on the size of the current block. If LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 are not applied to the current block, LFNST (i.e., LFNST-48) whose input length and output length are 48 and 16, respectively, can be used. LFNST-48 can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to three 4x4 regions in the current block. The three 4x4 regions can be composed of a first 4x4 region including the upper-left sample of the current block, a second 4x4 region adjacent to the right side of the first 4x4 region, and a third 4x4 region adjacent to the bottom of the first 4x4 region. Transform coefficients derived through LFNST-48 can be arranged in the 4x4 regions in the current block in a predetermined scan order.
- the symmetry between the block shapes described above can be utilized.
- the LFNST set and/or LFNST kernel for LFNST-K of the current block can be determined according to the symmetry between the 8xN block and the Nx8 block.
- the 8xN block (or the Nx8 block) can equally utilize the LNFST set and/or LFNST kernel corresponding to the Nx8 block (or the 8xN block) that has symmetry therewith.
- LFNST can be applied to the ROI region (i.e., the 8x16 region or the 16x8 region) within the current block by utilizing the symmetry described above.
- LFNSTMx2M for Mx2M blocks and LFNST2MxM for 2MxM blocks can be defined.
- LFNSTMx2M can be applied to the current block of MxN
- LFNST2MxM can be applied to the current block of NxM.
- N can be greater than or equal to (2*M).
- M can be 16 and N can be greater than or equal to 32.
- a ROI area can be defined, respectively, and an LFNST with a predetermined input length and output length can be defined/used.
- the size of the ROI area can be determined based on the minimum value (i.e., M) of the width and height of the current block.
- the size of the ROI area can be different depending on the value of M.
- the ROI area of an MxN block can be an Mx2M area within the MxN block.
- the Mx2M area is an area including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block whose width and height are M and 2M, respectively.
- the ROI area of an NxM block can be a 2MxM area within the NxM block.
- the 2MxM area is an area including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block whose width and height are 2M and M, respectively.
- LFNSTMx2M or LFNST2MxM may be applied to the current block (or, ROI region of the current block).
- at least one of the input length and the output length of LFNST for the LFNSTMx2M or LFNST2MxM may be determined based on at least one of the minimum value of the width and the height of the current block or the size of the ROI region.
- the input length of LFNST may be less than or equal to (2*M*M), and the output length of LFNST may be (2*M*M).
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to LFNST.
- the transform coefficients input to LFNST may mean all transform coefficients derived based on the residual information of the current block, or may mean transform coefficients to which the forward LFNST is applied among the derived transform coefficients.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients derived through LFNST.
- the ROI region of the current block can be composed of (2*M*M) sample locations.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the reverse LFNSTMx2M or LFNST2MxM can be (2*M*M)xL. That is, the input length of LFNST can be L, and the output length of LFNST can be (2*M*M).
- the value of L can be set to be less than or equal to (2*M*M).
- LFNST can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to an Mx2M region, which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the Mx2M region within the current block.
- LFNST can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to a 2MxM region, which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 2MxM region within the current block.
- the transform kernel for the LFNST can be determined as one of one or more transform kernels (or LFNST kernel candidates) belonging to a transform set.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of transform kernels belonging to the transform set can be used.
- the index can be signaled through a bitstream.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of a plurality of pre-defined transform sets.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of 35 transform sets, and each transform set can include three transform kernels.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined based on an intra prediction mode of the current block, as described above.
- the plurality of transform sets for the LFNST can be defined for LFNSTMx2M and LFNST2MxM, respectively.
- a separable primary transform can be applied to residual samples of the current block to derive transform coefficients.
- the forward LFNST can be applied to all of the derived transform coefficients or only to transform coefficients belonging to a part of the current block (i.e., the ROI region).
- the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the ROI region of the current block. If the number of transform coefficients output from the LFNST is less than the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST, there may be a region in the ROI region that is not filled with the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST. The region can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0. In addition, the remaining region of the current block excluding the ROI region (or the region to which the LFNST is not applied) can be filled with transform coefficients derived through the separable primary transform or can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0 through zero-out.
- an LFNST having an input length of (2*M*M) and an output length less than or equal to (2*M*M) can be used.
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST.
- the input transform coefficients may be coefficients induced through a separable first-order transform.
- the input length may also mean the number of transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region of the current block.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients induced through the LFNST.
- the ROI region of the current block may be composed of (2*M*M) sample positions.
- the dimension of the transform matrix for the forward LFNSTMx2M or LFNST2MxM may be Lx(2*M*M). That is, the input length of the LFNST may be (2*M*M) and the output length of the LFNST may be L.
- the value of L can be set to be less than or equal to (2*M*M).
- LFNST can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to an Mx2M region, which is an ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the Mx2M region within the current block.
- LFNST can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to a 2MxM region, which is an ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the 2MxM region within the current block.
- the symmetry between the block shapes described above can be utilized.
- the LFNST set and/or LFNST kernel for the LFNST of the current block can be determined according to the symmetry between the MxN block and the NxM block.
- the MxN block (or the NxM block) can equally utilize the LNFST set and/or LFNST kernel corresponding to the NxM block (or the MxN block) that has symmetry therewith.
- LFNST can be applied to the ROI region (i.e., the Mx2M region or the 2MxM region) within the current block by utilizing the symmetry described above.
- LFNSTMxrM for M x rM blocks and LFNSTrMxM for rM x M blocks can be defined, where the value of r can be an integer greater than or equal to 2.
- rM represents (r*M), which can be considered to have the same meaning hereinafter.
- LFNSTMxrM can be applied to a current block of MxN
- LFNSTrMxM can be applied to a current block of NxM, where N can be greater than or equal to (r*M).
- a ROI region can be defined, respectively, and an LFNST with a predetermined input length and output length can be defined/used.
- the size of the ROI region can be determined based on the minimum value (i.e., M) of the width and height of the current block.
- the size of the ROI region can be different depending on the value of M.
- the ROI region of an MxN block can be an M x rM region within the MxN block.
- the M x rM region is a region including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block whose width and height are M and rM, respectively.
- the ROI region of an NxM block can be an rM x M region within the NxM block.
- the rM x M region is a region including the upper left sample of the current block, and may mean a block whose width and height are rM and M, respectively.
- LFNSTMxrM or LFNSTrMxM may be applied to the current block (or, ROI region of the current block).
- at least one of the input length and the output length of LFNST for the LFNSTMxrM or LFNSTrMxM may be determined based on at least one of the minimum value of the width and the height of the current block or the size of the ROI region.
- the input length of LFNST may be less than or equal to (r*M*M), and the output length of LFNST may be (r*M*M).
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to LFNST.
- the transform coefficients input to LFNST may mean all transform coefficients derived based on the residual information of the current block, or may mean transform coefficients to which the forward LFNST is applied among the derived transform coefficients.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients derived through LFNST.
- the ROI region of the current block can be composed of (r*M*M) sample locations.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the reverse LFNSTMxrM or LFNSTrMxM can be (r*M*M)xL. That is, the input length of LFNST can be L, and the output length of LFNST can be (r*M*M).
- the value of L can be set to be less than or equal to (r*M*M).
- LFNST can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to the M x rM region, which is the ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the M x rM region within the current block.
- LFNST can be applied to all or part of the transform coefficients belonging to the rM x M region, which is the ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the rM x M region within the current block.
- the transform kernel for the LFNST can be determined as one of one or more transform kernels (or LFNST kernel candidates) belonging to a transform set.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of transform kernels belonging to the transform set can be used.
- the index can be signaled through a bitstream.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of a plurality of pre-defined transform sets.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined as one of 35 transform sets, and each transform set can include three transform kernels.
- the transform set of the current block can be determined based on an intra prediction mode of the current block, as described above.
- the plurality of transform sets for the LFNST can be defined for LFNSTMxrM and LFNSTrMxM, respectively.
- a separable primary transform can be applied to residual samples of the current block to derive transform coefficients.
- the forward LFNST can be applied to all of the derived transform coefficients or only to transform coefficients belonging to a part of the current block (i.e., the ROI region).
- the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the ROI region of the current block. If the number of transform coefficients output from the LFNST is less than the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST, there may be a region in the ROI region that is not filled with the transform coefficients derived through the LFNST. The region can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0. In addition, the remaining region of the current block excluding the ROI region (or the region to which the LFNST is not applied) can be filled with transform coefficients derived through the separable primary transform or can be filled with transform coefficients that are 0 through zero-out.
- an LFNST having an input length of (r*M*M) and an output length less than or equal to (r*M*M) can be used.
- the input length may mean the number of transform coefficients input to the LFNST.
- the input transform coefficients may be coefficients induced through a separable first-order transform.
- the input length may also mean the number of transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region of the current block.
- the output length may mean the number of transform coefficients induced through the LFNST.
- the ROI region of the current block may be composed of (r*M*M) sample positions.
- the dimension of the transform matrix for the forward LFNSTMxrM or LFNSTrMxM may be Lx(r*M*M). That is, the input length of the LFNST may be (r*M*M) and the output length of the LFNST may be L.
- the value of L can be set to be less than or equal to (r*M*M).
- LFNST can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to an M x rM region, which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the M x rM region within the current block.
- LFNST can be applied to transform coefficients belonging to an rM x M region, which is a ROI region within the current block.
- the transform coefficients derived through LFNST can be arranged in a predetermined scan order in the rM x M region within the current block.
- the symmetry between the block shapes described above can be utilized.
- the LFNST set and/or LFNST kernel for the LFNST of the current block can be determined according to the symmetry between the MxN block and the NxM block.
- the MxN block (or the NxM block) can equally utilize the LNFST set and/or LFNST kernel corresponding to the NxM block (or the MxN block) that has the symmetry therewith.
- the symmetry described above can be utilized as it is, and for the block where N is larger than rM, LFNST can be applied using the symmetry described above to the ROI region (i.e., the M x rM region or the rM x M region) within the current block.
- LFNST4x16 and LFNST16x4 can be defined.
- LFNST4x16 can be applied to a 4xN current block
- LFNST16x4 can be applied to a Nx4 current block.
- N can be greater than or equal to 16.
- the ROI region of the current block can be a 4x16 region within the current block.
- the 4x16 region can mean a block including the upper left sample of the current block and having a width and height of 4 and 16, respectively.
- LFNST4x16 can be applied to the 4x16 region which is the ROI region within the current block.
- the ROI region of the current block can be a 16x4 region within the current block.
- the 16x4 region is a region that includes the upper left sample of the current block, and can mean a block with a width and height of 16 and 4, respectively.
- LFNST16x4 can be applied to the 16x4 region, which is the ROI region within the current block.
- the aforementioned LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) can be adaptively applied to the current block.
- LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) may be applied to the current block.
- LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) may not be applied to the current block.
- NSPT may be applied to the current block.
- the width or the height of the current block may be defined as a minimum value of the width or the height of the current block.
- the threshold size may be defined as 8.
- LFNST4x8 may be applied to the current block.
- N may be an integer greater than or equal to 8.
- LFNST8x16 or LFNST16x8
- NSPT may be applied to the current block.
- LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) may be applied to the current block.
- LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) may not be applied to the current block.
- NSPT may be applied to the current block.
- the width or the height of the current block may be defined as a maximum value of the width or the height of the current block.
- the threshold size may be defined as 16.
- LFNST4x16 may be applied to the current block.
- LFNST16x4 may be applied to the current block.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- L may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- LFNST4x8 or LFNST8x4
- NSPT may be applied to the current block.
- LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) may be applied to the current block.
- LFNSTMxrM (or LFNSTrMxM) may not be applied to the current block.
- NSPT may be applied to the current block.
- the width or the height of the current block may be defined as a minimum value of the width or the height of the current block.
- the threshold size may be defined as 8.
- LFNST8x16 may be applied to the current block.
- N may be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- NSPT can be applied to the current block.
- LFNST4 means LFNST applied to a 4x4 block
- the ROI area of LFNST4 can be a 4x4 block. That is, when LFNST is applied to a 4xN or Nx4 block, which is a block to which LFNST4x8 or LFNST8x4 can be applied, 16 transform coefficients are output, and the output 16 transform coefficients can be arranged in a 4x4 area within the 4xN or Nx4 block.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 8.
- N can be an integer of 8, 16, 32, or higher.
- the 4x4 area can be an area including the upper left sample within the 4xN or Nx4 block, and has a width and height of 4 and 4, respectively.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the above LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be configured the same as that of the above LFNST4.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be a 16x16 matrix. That is, when LFNST is applied to a 4xN or Nx4 block, 16 transformation coefficients belonging to the ROI region (i.e., 4x4 region) within the 4xN or Nx4 block may be input to the LFNST, and 16 transformation coefficients may be output through the LFNST.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be configured differently from that of the above LFNST4.
- the input length of LFNST for a 4x4 block may be different from the input length of LFNST for a 4xN or Nx4 block, and the output length of LFNST for a 4x4 block may be the same as the output length of LFNST for a 4xN or Nx4 block.
- the input or output length of LFNST may mean the number of transform coefficients input to or output from the LFNST.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 8.
- N can be an integer of 8, 16, 32 or higher.
- the 4x4 region can be an region including the upper left sample within the 4xN or Nx4 block, and can be an region with a width and height of 4 and 4, respectively.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the above LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be configured the same as that of the above LFNST4.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be a 16x16 matrix. That is, when LFNST is applied to a 4xN or Nx4 block, 16 transformation coefficients belonging to the ROI region (i.e., 4x4 region) within the 4xN or Nx4 block may be input to the LFNST, and 16 transformation coefficients may be output through the LFNST.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be configured differently from that of the above LFNST4.
- the input length of LFNST for a 4x4 block may be the same as the input length of LFNST for a 4xN or Nx4 block, and the output length of LFNST for a 4x4 block may be different from the output length of LFNST for a 4xN or Nx4 block.
- At least one of the transform sets for LFNST4x8 and LFNST8x4 may be configured identically to LFNST4.
- the transform sets for 4x4 blocks, the number of transform kernels belonging to each transform set, or the determination method of the transform sets may be equally applied to the 4xN or Nx4 blocks.
- LFNST8 means LFNST applied to an 8x8 block
- the ROI area of LFNST8 can be an 8x8 block. That is, when LFNST is applied to an 8xN or Nx8 block, which is a block to which LFNST8x16 or LFNST16x8 can be applied, 64 transform coefficients are output, and the output 64 transform coefficients can be arranged in an 8x8 area within the 8xN or Nx8 block.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 16, 32, 64, or a higher integer.
- the 8x8 area can be an area including the upper left sample within the 8xN or Nx8 block, and has a width and height of 8 and 8, respectively.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the above LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 may be configured the same as that of the above LFNST8.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 may be a 64x32 matrix. That is, when LFNST is applied to an 8xN or Nx8 block, 32 transformation coefficients belonging to the ROI region (i.e., 8x8 region) within the 8xN or Nx8 block may be input to the LFNST, and 64 transformation coefficients may be output through the LFNST.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 may be configured differently from that of the above LFNST8.
- the input length of an LFNST for an 8x8 block can be different from the input length of an LFNST for an 8xN or Nx8 block, and the output length of an LFNST for an 8x8 block can be the same as the output length of an LFNST for an 8xN or Nx8 block.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST8 can be 64x16, and the dimensions of the transformation matrices for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 can be 64x32 matrices. That is, the input length and output length of an LFNST for an 8x8 block can be 16 and 64, respectively.
- the input length and output length of an LFNST for an 8xN or Nx8 block can be 32 and 64, respectively. This means that 32 transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region (i.e., 8x8 region) within an 8xN or Nx8 block can be input to LFNST, and 64 transform coefficients can be output through LFNST.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 16.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 16, 32, 64, or more.
- the 8x8 area includes the upper left sample within the 8xN or Nx8 block, and can be an area with a width and height of 8 and 8, respectively.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the above LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 may be configured the same as that of the above LFNST8.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 may be a 32x64 matrix. That is, when LFNST is applied to an 8xN or Nx8 block, 64 transformation coefficients belonging to the ROI region (i.e., 8x8 region) within the 8xN or Nx8 block may be input to the LFNST, and 32 transformation coefficients may be output through the LFNST.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 may be configured differently from that of the above LFNST8.
- the input length of an LFNST for an 8x8 block can be the same as the input length of an LFNST for an 8xN or Nx8 block, and the output length of an LFNST for an 8x8 block can be different from the output length of an LFNST for an 8xN or Nx8 block.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST8 can be 16x64, and the dimensions of the transformation matrices for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8 can be 32x64 matrices. That is, the input length and output length of an LFNST for an 8x8 block can be 64 and 16, respectively.
- the input length and output length of an LFNST for an 8xN or Nx8 block can be 64 and 32, respectively. This means that 64 transform coefficients belonging to the ROI region (i.e., 8x8 region) within an 8xN or Nx8 block can be input to LFNST, and 32 transform coefficients can be output through LFNST.
- At least one of the transform sets for LFNST8x16 and LFNST16x8, the number of transform kernels belonging to each transform set, or the determination of the transform sets may be configured identically to LFNST8.
- the transform sets for 8x8 blocks, the number of transform kernels belonging to each transform set, or the determination method of the transform sets may be equally applied to the 8xN or Nx8 blocks.
- LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 can be configured in the same manner as LFNST16.
- LFNST16 means LFNST applied to a 16x16 block
- the ROI area of LFNST16 can be configured with one or more 4x4 blocks.
- the ROI area of LFNST16 can be configured with six 4x4 blocks within a 16x16 block.
- the six 4x4 blocks can mean from the first 4x4 block to the sixth 4x4 block according to a predetermined scan order. That is, the ROI area of LFNST16 can be configured with 96 sample positions.
- the scan order means an order according to a diagonal scan, but is not limited thereto, and vertical scan, horizontal scan, etc. may also be used.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 32.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 32, 64, or a larger integer.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the above LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 may be configured the same as that of the above LFNST16.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 may be a 96x32 matrix. That is, when LFNST is applied to a 16xN or Nx16 block, 32 transformation coefficients belonging to the ROI area within the 16xN or Nx16 block may be input to the LFNST, and 96 transformation coefficients may be output through the LFNST.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 may be configured differently from that of the above LFNST16.
- the input length of an LFNST for a 16x16 block may be different from the input length of an LFNST for a 16xN or Nx16 block, and the output length of an LFNST for a 16x16 block may be the same as the output length of an LFNST for a 16xN or Nx16 block.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 32.
- N can be an integer greater than or equal to 32, 64, or a higher integer.
- the dimension (or size) of the transformation matrix for the above LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 may be configured the same as that of the above LFNST16.
- the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 may be a 32x96 matrix. That is, when LFNST is applied to a 16xN or Nx16 block, 96 transformation coefficients belonging to the ROI area within the 16xN or Nx16 block may be input to the LFNST, and 32 transformation coefficients may be output through the LFNST.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the dimension of the transformation matrix for LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16 may be configured differently from that of the above LFNST16.
- the input length of LFNST for a 16x16 block may be the same as the input length of LFNST for a 16xN or Nx16 block, and the output length of LFNST for a 16x16 block may be different from the output length of LFNST for a 16xN or Nx16 block.
- At least one of the transform sets for LFNST16x32 and LFNST32x16, the number of transform kernels belonging to each transform set, or the determination of the transform sets may be configured identically to LFNST16.
- the transform sets for the 16x16 block, the number of transform kernels belonging to each transform set, or the determination method of the transform sets may be equally applied to the 16xN or Nx16 blocks.
- LFNST for square blocks or LFNST for non-square blocks can be applied.
- M and N can be integers greater than or equal to 32, respectively.
- M and N can be the same or different.
- the LFNST for the square block can mean the aforementioned LFNST16.
- the invention is not limited thereto, and the LFNST for the square block can mean LFNST4 or LFNST8.
- the LFNST for the non-square block can mean the aforementioned LFNST16x32 (or LFNST32x16).
- the invention is not limited thereto.
- the LFNST for the non-square block can mean the aforementioned LFNST8x16 (or LFNST16x8) or LFNST4x8 (or LFNST8x4).
- the LFNST for the square block can be defined as an LFNST having the same output length as the LFNST for the non-square block and a different input length from the LFNST for the non-square block.
- the LFNST for the square block can be defined as an LFNST having different input lengths and output lengths from the LFNST for the non-square block.
- the LFNST for the square block can be defined as an LFNST having the same input length as the LFNST for the non-square block and a different output length from the LFNST for the non-square block.
- the LFNST for the square block can be defined as an LFNST having different input lengths and output lengths from the LFNST for the non-square block.
- LFNST for square blocks can be applied to all blocks where M and N are greater than or equal to 32.
- LFNST16 can be applied to all blocks where M and N are greater than or equal to 32.
- LFNST8 can be applied to all blocks where M and N are greater than or equal to 32.
- LFNST4 can be applied to all blocks where M and N are greater than or equal to 32.
- LFNST for square blocks can be applied for blocks where M and N are greater than or equal to 32 and M and N are equal.
- LFNST for non-square blocks can be applied for blocks where M and N are greater than or equal to 32 and M and N are different.
- LFNST16 can be applied for 32x32 blocks, 64x64 blocks, or 128x128.
- LFNST8 can be applied for 32x32 blocks, 64x64 blocks, or 128x128.
- LFNST4 can be applied for 32x32 blocks, 64x64 blocks, or 128x128.
- LFNST16x32 can be applied for 32x64 blocks, 32x128 blocks, or 64x128 blocks.
- LFNST8x16 can be applied for 32x64 blocks, 32x128 blocks, or 64x128 blocks.
- LFNST4x8 can be applied for 32x64 blocks, 32x128 blocks, or 64x128 blocks.
- LFNST32x16 can be applied for 64x32 blocks, 128x32 blocks, or 128x64 blocks.
- LFNST16x8 can be applied for 64x32 blocks, 128x32 blocks, or 128x64 blocks.
- LFNST8x4 can be applied for 64x32 blocks, 128x32 blocks, or 128x64 blocks.
- a method for constructing a non-separable transformation set is proposed.
- constructing a non-separable transformation set at least one of the following methods may be applied.
- Different non-separable transformation sets can be configured based on block sizes (e.g., size of coding blocks, size of transformation blocks). For example, the number of available non-separable transformation sets can be set differently depending on block sizes.
- the method for constructing a non-separable transform set according to the present disclosure can be applied to at least one of a non-separable primary transform (NSPT) or a non-separable secondary transform (LFNST). That is, a non-separable primary transform set can be constructed, or a non-separable secondary transform set can be constructed.
- the construction method that can be applied to a non-square block can also be applied to LFNST. This is because when a forward LFNST is applied, the region of interest (ROI) to which LFNST is applied can be non-square.
- the composition of the NSPT/LFNST set for the specific block size(s) can be changed by applying NSPT or LFNST for the specific block size(s). For example, when LFNST is applied when the ISP mode is applied, the number of NSPT sets can be reduced.
- the current block according to the present disclosure may be a transform block.
- the coding block may be divided into a plurality of subpartitions, and prediction/transformation may be performed in units of subpartitions.
- the current block may be any one of the plurality of subpartitions belonging to the coding block.
- the ISP mode is not applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, the current block may be a transform block having the same size as the coding block.
- the non-separable transform set of the current block can be determined based on a mapping table that defines a mapping relationship between pre-defined intra prediction modes and the non-separable transform sets.
- the intra prediction mode input into the above mapping table may be a mode derived based on intra prediction mode information signaled through a bitstream (hereinafter referred to as a signaled mode).
- the intra prediction mode input into the above mapping table may be a mode according to application of wide angle intra prediction (WAIP) (hereinafter referred to as a WAIP mode).
- WAIP wide angle intra prediction
- either the signaled mode or the WAIP mode may be adaptively input into the mapping table.
- the value of the WAIP mode can be set to (X+65), which is the value of the signaled mode (X) plus 65.
- mode 2 can be converted to a WAIP mode of mode 67.
- modes 2 through 7 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 2 through 11 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 2 through 13 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 2 through 15 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- whRatio which represents the ratio of the width and height
- Abs() represents a function that returns an absolute value
- Log2 is a function that returns a logarithmic value with a base of 2
- nW and nH represent the width and height of a reference block for determining whether to apply WAIP, respectively.
- the reference block may be the current block. If the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, the reference block may be the coding block to which the current block belongs.
- modes 2 to 7 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 2 to (7+2*whRatio) can be converted to WAIP mode.
- the value of the WAIP mode can be set to (X-67), which is the value of the mode being signaled (X) minus 67.
- mode 66 can be converted to WAIP mode -1.
- modes 61 to 66 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 57 to 66 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 55 to 66 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes 53 to 66 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- whRatio which represents the ratio of the width and height
- Abs() represents a function that returns an absolute value
- Log2 is a function that returns a logarithmic value with a base of 2
- nW and nH represent the width and height of a reference block for determining whether to apply WAIP, respectively.
- the reference block may be the current block. If the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, the reference block may be the coding block to which the current block belongs.
- modes 61 to 66 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- modes (612*whRatio) to mode 66 can be converted to WAIP mode.
- the modes to be converted to the WAIP mode can be determined based on the size of the coding block.
- the modes to be converted to the WAIP mode can be determined based on the size of the transform block (i.e., the current block). For example, when the ISP mode is applied, the coding block is a 32x16 block, and the transform block is a 32x4 block (i.e., the 32x16 coding block is divided into four 32x4 subpartitions by horizontal division according to the ISP mode), nW and nH become 32 and 16, respectively, and modes 2 to 7 can be converted to the WAIP mode.
- the value of the signaled mode is the value of the mode before being converted to the WAIP mode, and only when the above-mentioned conditions are satisfied, it is converted to the value of the WAIP mode so that the prediction and transformation processes can be performed.
- the non-separable transformation set can be determined based on the mapping table according to Table 9 described above. At this time, it can be determined based on the value of the WAIP mode.
- the mapping table of Table 9 shows the mapping relationship between the intra prediction mode and the non-separable transformation set when the number of available non-separable transformation sets is 35.
- set-2 to set-7 may not be utilized. This is because symmetry may be utilized between the 4x32 block and the 32x4 block, and the WAIP mode does not cause any direction or angle predicted on the short side (i.e., the side with vertical length 4).
- a non-separable transform set corresponding to the symmetric mode of the NxM block i.e., the mode symmetric about mode 34
- the modes whose mode value is 35 or greater in the MxN block may be mapped for the modes whose mode value is 35 or greater in the MxN block.
- modes 2 to 13 for a 32x4 block can be transformed to modes 67 to 78, respectively.
- modes 67 to 78 in a 32x4 block can correspond to modes -1 to -12 in a 4x32 block, respectively. That is, since they correspond to modes that are symmetrical around mode 34, mode X for a 32x4 block can correspond to mode (66-X) for a 4x32 block.
- mode X (-12 ⁇ X ⁇ -1) for a 32x4 block can be mapped to set-2 by Table 9.
- modes to which WAIP is not applied can be mapped to set-0, set-1, set-14 to set-34 for 32x4 blocks or mapped to set-2 to set-33 of 4x32 blocks using symmetry.
- modes 14 to 34 can be mapped to set-14 to set-34, respectively.
- the modes where symmetry is used can be mode 35 to mode 66, and these can correspond to mode 33 to mode 2 for 4x32 blocks, respectively. That is, mode X for 32x4 blocks can correspond to mode (68-X) for 4x32 blocks. Therefore, mode X for 32x4 blocks can be mapped to set-(68-X) for mode (68-X). According to Table 9, mode X (35 ⁇ X ⁇ 66) for 32x4 blocks can be mapped to set-(68-X).
- the WAIP mode can be determined based on the coding block to which the current block belongs as described above.
- the WAIP mode can be determined based on a 32x16 coding block, and a non-separable transform set mapped to the corresponding WAIP mode can be determined from the mapping table of Table 9.
- modes 2 to 7 can be converted into modes 67 to 72 as WAIP modes, respectively.
- Modes 67 to 72 can correspond to modes -1 to -6 for a 4x32 block, respectively, due to symmetry. That is, mode X for a 32x4 block can correspond to mode (66-X) for a 4x32 block.
- mode X (-1 ⁇ X ⁇ -6) for a 32x4 block can be mapped to set-2.
- mode 0 When the ISP mode is applied, for the modes to which WAIP is not applied (mode 0, mode 1, mode 8 to mode 66), they can be mapped to set-0, set-1, set-8 to set-34 of a 32x4 block or mapped to set-2 to set-33 of a 4x32 block using symmetry. Specifically, mode 8 to mode 34 can be mapped to set-8 to set-34, respectively.
- the modes where symmetry is used can be mode 35 to mode 66, and these can correspond to mode 33 to mode 2 for a 4x32 block, respectively. That is, mode X (35 ⁇ X ⁇ 66) for a 32x4 block can correspond to mode (68-X) for a 4x32 block. Therefore, mode X for a 32x4 block can be mapped to set-(68-X) for mode (68-X). According to Table 9, mode X (35 ⁇ X ⁇ 66) for 32x4 blocks can be mapped to set-(68-X).
- non-separable transforms for 32x4 blocks can be composed of 29 non-separable transform sets, not 35 non-separable transform sets. That is, set-2 to set-7 can be excluded from the 35 non-separable transform sets.
- mapping table of Table 9 can be used as is.
- a separate mapping table for 32x4 blocks can be defined as in Table 11 below.
- N.A. may mean that there is no non-separable transform set mapped to the intra prediction mode. That is, no mapping with the non-separable transform set occurs in the section of the corresponding intra prediction mode.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index of the same value as the corresponding intra prediction mode (X) may be mapped.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index equal to (X-6) may be mapped.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index equal to (68-X) may be mapped.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index of 2 may be mapped.
- a non-separable transformation set for a 4x32 block can be mapped using the symmetry described above.
- Table 11 is applied to map a non-separable transformation set for a 32x4 block, due to the symmetry, the mapping of a non-separable transformation set for a 4x32 block can also be defined as in Table 12.
- Intra prediction mode Set Index X ⁇ 0 2 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 34 X 35 ⁇ X ⁇ 60 62 - X X > 60 N.A.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index of 2 can be mapped.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index of the same value as the corresponding intra prediction mode (X) can be mapped.
- a non-separable transform set having a set index equal to (62-X) can be mapped.
- no mapping with a non-separable transform set occurs.
- the number of inseparable transformation sets available to the current block may vary depending on the size of the current block. Specifically, if the current block is a block of the first size, the number of inseparable transformation sets available to the current block may be M. On the other hand, if the current block is not a block of the first size, the number of inseparable transformation sets available to the current block may be N.
- the block of the first size may mean a block having different widths and heights.
- the block of the first size may mean a block having different widths and heights, but having a ratio of the widths and heights of R 1 :1 or 1:R 1 .
- R 1 may be an integer greater than or equal to 8, 16, or the like.
- M may be an integer less than N.
- one or more mapping tables may be separately defined.
- a first mapping table applied to a first-size block and a second mapping table applied to a block other than the first-size block may be defined, respectively.
- At least one of the number of non-separable transformation sets constituting the first mapping table, the number of set indices, or the maximum value of the set indices may be different from that of the second mapping table.
- the number of non-separable transformation sets (or the number of set indices) constituting the first mapping table may be less than the number of non-separable transformation sets (or the number of set indices) constituting the second mapping table.
- the maximum value of the set indices constituting the first mapping table may be less than the maximum value of the set indices constituting the second mapping table. Any one of the plurality of mapping tables may be selectively used based on whether the current block is a first-size block.
- non-separable transform For a non-separable transform for a 32x8 block, if a non-separable transform set is determined by the method described above (i.e., if the mapping table of Table 9 where symmetry is utilized is applied), all non-separable transform sets from set-0 to set-34 may be required. Specifically, if the current block is a 32x8 block and the ISP mode is not applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, sets from set-2 to set-11 are not required for the non-separable transform for the 32x8 block.
- the coding block to which the current block belongs may be a 32x32 square block. Since WAIP is not applied to square blocks, all non-separable transform sets from set-0 to set-34 may be required for the non-separable transform for the current block, which is a 32x8 block.
- WAIP can be restricted from being applied when a non-separable transformation is applied to a block where such cases occur. If WAIP is restricted from being applied, cases where the signaled mode is converted to WAIP mode (i.e., a mode less than or equal to -1 or a mode greater than or equal to 67) will not occur, and cases where some non-separable transformation sets are not utilized will not occur.
- the signaled mode of the current block may not be converted to the WAIP mode.
- the signaled mode of the current block may not be converted to the WAIP mode regardless of whether a non-separable transformation is applied to the current block.
- the block of the first size may mean a block having different widths and heights, as described above, or may mean a block having a ratio of width to height of R 1 :1 or 1:R 1 .
- the input of the mapping table for determining the non-separable transformation set of the current block may be a signaled mode, not a WAIP mode.
- the input of the mapping table for determining the non-separable transformation set of the current block may be a WAIP mode.
- the signaled mode of the current block may not be converted to the WAIP mode.
- the signaled mode of the current block may not be converted to the WAIP mode regardless of whether a non-separable transformation is applied to the current block.
- the block of the second size may mean a block whose ratio of width to height is R 2 :1 or 1:R 2 .
- R 2 may be at least one of 2 or 4.
- the input of the mapping table for determining the non-separable transformation set of the current block may be a signaled mode rather than a WAIP mode.
- the input of the mapping table for determining the non-separable transformation set of the current block may be a WAIP mode.
- WAIP may be restricted from being applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs.
- the transform kernel for the inverse transform of the current block may be determined based on the above-described MTS, or a DCT-2-based separable first-order transform may be performed on the current block.
- the input of the mapping table for determining the NSPT set of the current block may be in signaled mode rather than WAIP mode.
- the input of the mapping table for determining the NSPT set of the current block may be in WAIP mode.
- the range of intra prediction modes converted to the WAIP mode is reduced. Specifically, when the ISP mode is not applied, modes 2 to 13 are converted to the WAIP mode for a 32x4 block, so the non-separable transform sets from set-2 to set-13 are not used, and the number of non-separable transform sets required for the non-separable transform of the 32x4 block is reduced to 23. Therefore, if the non-separable transform is configured not to be applied when the ISP mode is applied, the number of non-separable transform sets required for the non-separable transform can be further reduced.
- the ISP mode when the ISP mode is applied, it can be configured so that NSPT is not applied and LFNST is applied. Or, when the ISP mode is applied, it can be configured so that only the separate first-order transformation is applied without applying both NSPT and LFNST. This configuration can further reduce the number of NSPT sets required for NSPT.
- the number of non-separable transformation sets for non-square blocks whose width is larger than their height is reduced.
- the number of non-separable transformation sets can be reduced by the number of modes being transformed due to WAIP.
- the non-separable transformation sets that are not used for MxN blocks are as follows.
- Whether to apply a non-separable transform to the current block can be determined based on whether the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs. For example, if the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, NSPT may not be applied to the current block. In this case, LFNST may be applied to the current block. Alternatively, if the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, NSPT and LFNST may not be applied to the current block. If the ISP mode is not applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, at least one of NSPT or LFNST may be applied to the current block. In this way, if a non-separable transform is adaptively applied depending on whether the ISP mode is applied, the amount of memory required to store a transform kernel for the corresponding non-separable transform can be reduced.
- Whether to apply a non-separable transformation to the current block may be determined based on whether the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs and/or the size of the subpartition (or the current block) according to the ISP mode. For example, if the ISP mode is not applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, the non-separable transformation may be applied to the current block. Even if the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, the non-separable transformation may not be applied to the current block only if the size of the subpartition is larger than a predetermined threshold size.
- the size of the subpartition may be defined as the width, the height, the product of the width and the height, and the ratio of the width and the height of the subpartition.
- the NSPT may not be applied and the LFNST may be applied.
- the subpartition according to the ISP mode is a 32x4 block, neither the NSPT nor the LFNST may be applied.
- the subpartition according to the ISP mode is an 8x4 block, at least one of NSPT or LFNST can be applied.
- the mode before conversion to WAIP mode i.e., the signaled mode
- the input of the mapping table can be the signaled mode rather than the WAIP mode. This can prevent the case where a specific non-separable transformation set is not used.
- mode 2 can be entered in the mapping table of Table 9, and set-2 corresponding to mode 2 can be selected as the non-separable transformation set of the MxN block. This can have the effect of allocating a non-separable transformation set that can be applied to residual data for a block predicted based on the WAIP mode.
- a method of determining a non-separable transform set based on the mode before converting to WAIP mode can be adaptively applied based on the size of the current block and/or the coding block to which the current block belongs.
- the non-separable transform set may be determined based on the mode before converting to the WAIP mode.
- the non-separable transform set may not be determined based on the mode before converting to the WAIP mode. If the current block and/or the coding block to which the current block belongs are square blocks, the non-separable transform set may be determined based on the WAIP mode.
- the non-separable transform sets may be determined based on the mode before converting to WAIP mode. For the remaining block sizes, the non-separable transform sets may not be determined based on the mode before converting to WAIP mode.
- set-2 through set-7 may not be used.
- set-2 through set-7 can be configured to apply to a specific WAIP mode.
- any one of set-2 through set-7 can be mapped as a non-separable transform set applicable to a WAIP mode less than 0 or greater than or equal to 67.
- modes 67 to 72 can be mapped to set-2 to set-7, respectively. That is, a non-separable transform set of set-(X-65) can be allocated for mode X.
- sets-2 to set-7 for the 32x4 block allocated in this manner can be allocated for modes -1 to -6 for a 4x32 block, respectively.
- a non-separable transform set of set-(1-X) can be allocated for mode X.
- modes 67 through (65+Y) can be mapped to set-2 through set-Y, respectively. That is, set-(X-65) can be assigned to mode X.
- modes -1 through -(Y-1) can be mapped to set-2 through set-Y, respectively. That is, set-(1-X) can be assigned to mode X.
- the above-described embodiments can be applied not only to the case where the current block or the coding block to which the current block belongs is a non-square block, but also to the case where the current block is a square block.
- the non-separable transformation set can be determined by using the mode before conversion to the WAIP mode as an input to the mapping table.
- the coding block may be a non-square block or the current block (or, transform block) may be a square block.
- the current block or, transform block
- a 32x8 coding block may be divided into four 8x8 subpartitions (or, transform blocks) by vertical division.
- the current block may have the WAIP mode, but the non-separable transform set for the current block may be determined by inputting the mode before being converted to the WAIP mode into the mapping table.
- the ROI area to which LFNST is applied can be a square block.
- the LFNST set to be applied to the ROI area can be determined by inputting the mode into the mapping table before converting to WAIP mode.
- the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, and the current block is a square subpartition, it may be restricted that the non-separable transform is not applied to the current block.
- NSPT may not be applied to the current block.
- LFNST may be applied to the current block instead of NSPT.
- the ISP mode is applied to the coding block to which the current block belongs, and the current block is a square subpartition, neither NSPT nor LFNST may be applied to the current block.
- LFNST may be configured to be applied to the current block instead of NSPT.
- the current block can be restored based on the residual sample of the current block (S420).
- the prediction sample of the current block can be derived.
- the restoration sample of the current block can be generated.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic configuration of a decoding device (300) that performs an image decoding method according to the present disclosure.
- a decoding device (300) may include a transform coefficient derivation unit (600), a residual sample derivation unit (610), and a restoration block generation unit (620).
- the transform coefficient derivation unit (600) may be configured in the entropy decoding unit (310) of FIG. 3
- the residual sample derivation unit (610) may be configured in the residual processing unit (320) of FIG. 3
- the restoration block generation unit (620) may be configured in the adding unit (340) of FIG. 3.
- the transform coefficient derivation unit (600) can obtain residual information of the current block from the bitstream and decode it to derive the transform coefficient of the current block.
- the residual sample derivation unit (610) can derive a residual sample of the current block by performing at least one of inverse quantization or inverse transformation on the transform coefficient of the current block.
- the residual sample derivation unit (610) can determine a transformation kernel for the inverse transformation of the current block through a predetermined transformation kernel determination method, and derive the residual sample of the current block based on this. This has been described with reference to Fig. 4, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- the restoration block generation unit (620) can restore the current block based on the residual sample of the current block.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an image encoding method performed by an encoding device (200) as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- the residual samples of the current block can be derived by differentiating prediction samples from original samples of the current block.
- the prediction samples can be derived based on a given intra prediction mode.
- transform coefficients of the current block can be derived by performing at least one of transformation or quantization on the residual sample of the current block (S710).
- the transformation method according to the present disclosure can be understood as the reverse process of the inverse transformation examined with reference to Fig. 4.
- the method of determining the transformation kernel for the above transformation is as examined with reference to Fig. 4. A detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- one or more transformation sets for transformation of the current block can be defined/configured, and each transformation set can include one or more transformation kernel candidates.
- one from the plurality of transformation sets can be selected as the transformation set of the current block.
- One of the plurality of transformation kernel candidates belonging to the transformation set of the current block can be selected. The selection can be performed implicitly based on the context of the current block.
- an optimal transformation set and/or transformation kernel candidate for the current block can be selected, and an index indicating the selection can be signaled.
- the transform kernel of the current block can be determined based on the MTS set.
- One of the plurality of MTS sets can be selected based on at least one of the size of the current block or the intra prediction mode.
- the selected MTS set can include one or more transform kernel candidates.
- One of the one or more transform kernel candidates can be selected, and the transform kernel of the current block can be determined based on the selected transform kernel candidate.
- the selection of the transform kernel candidate can be performed using a transform kernel candidate index derived based on the context of the current block.
- an optimal transform kernel candidate for the current block can be selected, and a transform kernel candidate index indicating the selected transform kernel candidate can be signaled.
- the transform kernel of the current block may be determined based on a non-separable primary transform (NSPT) kernel.
- NSPT non-separable primary transform
- the forward NSPT may be applied to the current block, and if the size of the current block belongs to the second group, the forward NSPT may not be applied to the current block.
- the forward separable primary transform e.g., DCT-2
- the forward LFNST may be additionally applied to all or part of the transform coefficients derived through the separable primary transform.
- the NSPT can be applied based on at least one of the tree type or component type of the current block.
- the NSPT kernel (or NSPT matrix) for the NSPT can be determined by utilizing the symmetry between intra prediction modes or the symmetry between block shapes.
- the NSPT kernel can be expressed as r x MN.
- r means the output length of the NSPT or the number of transform coefficients generated by the NSPT
- MN can mean the input length of the NSPT or the number of residual samples to which the NSPT is applied as the product of the width and the height of the current block.
- the method for determining the size of the NSPT kernel is as described with reference to FIG. 4.
- the LFNST index and/or NSPT index for transformation may be encoded as a single integrated syntax, or the LFNST index and NSPT index may be encoded separately and inserted into the bitstream. Binarization for the LFNST index and NSPT index, and assignment of CABAC context and initial value are as described with reference to FIG. 4.
- the method of configuring a non-separable transformation set according to the application of the WAIP mode with reference to FIG. 4, the limitation of using the WAIP mode according to the size of the current block, and the limitation of applying the non-separable transformation according to the ISP mode can be equally applied to the process of converting the residual sample of the current block.
- a bitstream can be generated by encoding the transform coefficients of the current block (S720).
- residual information about the transform coefficients can be generated, and a bitstream can be generated by encoding the residual information.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic configuration of an encoding device (200) that performs an image encoding method according to the present disclosure.
- the encoding device (200) may include a residual sample derivation unit (800), a transform coefficient derivation unit (810), and a transform coefficient encoding unit (820).
- the residual sample derivation unit (800) and the transform coefficient derivation unit (810) may be configured in the residual processing unit (230) of FIG. 2, and the transform coefficient encoding unit (820) may be configured in the entropy encoding unit (240) of FIG. 2.
- the residual sample derivation unit (800) can derive a residual sample of the current block by differentiating a prediction sample from an original sample of the current block.
- the prediction sample may be derived based on a predetermined intra prediction mode.
- the transform coefficient derivation unit (810) can derive the transform coefficient of the current block by performing at least one of transform and quantization on the residual sample of the current block.
- the transform coefficient derivation unit (810) can determine the transform kernel of the current block based on at least one of the above-described embodiments 1 to 3, and derive the transform coefficient by applying the transform kernel to the residual sample of the current block.
- the transform coefficient encoding unit (820) can generate a bitstream by encoding the transform coefficient of the current block.
- the methods are described based on a flow chart as a series of steps or blocks, but the embodiments are not limited to the order of the steps, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps than those described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flow chart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included or one or more steps of the flow chart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the embodiments of the present document.
- the method according to the embodiments of the present document described above can be implemented in the form of software, and the encoding device and/or the decoding device according to the present document can be included in a device that performs image processing, such as a TV, a computer, a smartphone, a set-top box, a display device, etc.
- the above-described method may be implemented as a module (process, function, etc.) that performs the above-described function.
- the module may be stored in a memory and executed by a processor.
- the memory may be inside or outside the processor and may be connected to the processor by various well-known means.
- the processor may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and/or a data processing device.
- the memory may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and/or other storage devices.
- the embodiments described in this document may be implemented and performed on a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, or a chip.
- the functional units illustrated in each drawing may be implemented and performed on a computer, a processor, a microprocessor, a controller, or a chip.
- information for implementation e.g., information on instructions
- an algorithm may be stored on a digital storage medium.
- the decoding device and the encoding device to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied may be included in a multimedia broadcasting transmitting/receiving device, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video conversation device, a real-time communication device such as a video communication, a mobile streaming device, a storage medium, a camcorder, a video-on-demand (VoD) service providing device, an OTT video (Over the top video) device, an Internet streaming service providing device, a three-dimensional (3D) video device, a VR (virtual reality) device, an AR (argumente reality) device, a video phone video device, a transportation terminal (ex.
- a multimedia broadcasting transmitting/receiving device a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video conversation device, a real-time communication device such as a video communication, a mobile streaming device, a storage medium
- the OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smartphone, a tablet PC, a DVR (Digital Video Recorder), and the like.
- the processing method to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied can be produced in the form of a computer-executable program and can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- Multimedia data having a data structure according to the embodiment(s) of the present specification can also be stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes all types of storage devices and distributed storage devices in which computer-readable data is stored.
- the computer-readable recording medium can include, for example, a Blu-ray disc (BD), a universal serial bus (USB), a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, a RAM, a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, and an optical data storage device.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes a media implemented in the form of a carrier wave (for example, transmission via the Internet).
- a bitstream generated by an encoding method can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium or transmitted via a wired or wireless communication network.
- embodiment(s) of the present specification can be implemented as a computer program product by program code, and the program code can be executed on a computer by the embodiment(s) of the present specification.
- the program code can be stored on a carrier readable by a computer.
- FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.
- a content streaming system to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, camcorders, etc. into digital data to generate a bitstream and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as smartphones, cameras, camcorders, etc. directly generate a bitstream
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the above bitstream can be generated by an encoding method or a bitstream generation method to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied, and the streaming server can temporarily store the bitstream during the process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the above streaming server transmits multimedia data to a user device based on a user request via a web server, and the web server acts as an intermediary that informs the user of any available services.
- the web server transmits it to the streaming server, and the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server, and in this case, the control server serves to control commands/responses between each device within the content streaming system.
- the above streaming server can receive content from a media storage and/or an encoding server. For example, when receiving content from the encoding server, the content can be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server can store the bitstream for a certain period of time.
- Examples of the user devices may include mobile phones, smart phones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation devices, slate PCs, tablet PCs, ultrabooks, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, HMDs (head mounted displays)), digital TVs, desktop computers, digital signage, etc.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- PMPs portable multimedia players
- navigation devices slate PCs
- tablet PCs tablet PCs
- ultrabooks ultrabooks
- wearable devices e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses, HMDs (head mounted displays)
- digital TVs desktop computers, digital signage, etc.
- Each server within the above content streaming system can be operated as a distributed server, in which case data received from each server can be distributedly processed.
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Abstract
Description
| predModeIntra | TrSetIdx |
| predModeIntra < 0 | 4 |
| 0 <= predModeIntra <= 1 | 0 |
| 2 <= predModeIntra <= 12 | 1 |
| 13 <= predModeIntra <= 23 | 2 |
| 24 <= predModeIntra <= 44 | 3 |
| 45 <= predModeIntra <= 55 | 2 |
| 56 <= predModeIntra <= 66 | 1 |
| 67 <= predModeIntra <= 80 | 4 |
| predModeIntra | TrSetIdx |
| 0 <= predModeIntra <= 1 | 0 |
| 2 <= predModeIntra <= 12 | 1 |
| 13 <= predModeIntra <= 23 | 2 |
| 24 <= predModeIntra <= 44 | 3 |
| 45 <= predModeIntra <= 55 | 2 |
| 56 <= predModeIntra <= 66 | 1 |
| predModeIntra | TrSetIdx |
| predModeIntra < 0 | 1 |
| 0 <= predModeIntra <= 1 | 0 |
| 2 <= predModeIntra <= 12 | 1 |
| 13 <= predModeIntra <= 23 | 2 |
| 24 <= predModeIntra <= 44 | 3 |
| 45 <= predModeIntra <= 55 | 2 |
| 56 <= predModeIntra <= 80 | 1 |
| 블록 크기 | 인트라 예측 모드 | |||||
| 너비 | 높이 | [0, 1] | [2, 12] | [13, 23] | [24, 34] | MIP |
| 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 4 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| 4 | 16 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
| 4 | 32 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 |
| 8 | 4 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 8 | 8 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 |
| 8 | 16 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| 8 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 |
| 16 | 4 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 |
| 16 | 8 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 |
| 16 | 16 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 |
| 16 | 32 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 |
| 32 | 4 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 |
| 32 | 8 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 |
| 32 | 16 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 |
| 32 | 32 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 |
| MTS 세트 인덱스 | 변환 커널 후보 인덱스 | |||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| 0 | 18 | 24 | 17 | 23 | 8 | 12 |
| 1 | 18 | 3 | 7 | 22 | 0 | 16 |
| 2 | 18 | 2 | 17 | 22 | 3 | 23 |
| 3 | 18 | 3 | 15 | 17 | 12 | 23 |
| 4 | 18 | 12 | 3 | 19 | 10 | 13 |
| 5 | 18 | 12 | 19 | 23 | 13 | 24 |
| 6 | 18 | 12 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 23 |
| 7 | 18 | 2 | 17 | 22 | 12 | 23 |
| 8 | 18 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 22 | 23 |
| 9 | 18 | 12 | 19 | 23 | 3 | 10 |
| 10 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 24 | 7 | 8 |
| 11 | 16 | 2 | 11 | 23 | 12 | 18 |
| 12 | 13 | 17 | 2 | 22 | 12 | 18 |
| 13 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 21 | 12 | 18 |
| 14 | 16 | 13 | 19 | 22 | 3 | 10 |
| 15 | 18 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 22 |
| 16 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 18 | 22 |
| 17 | 17 | 13 | 3 | 22 | 12 | 18 |
| 18 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 22 | 13 | 17 |
| 19 | 16 | 12 | 13 | 15 | 2 | 23 |
| 20 | 18 | 24 | 23 | 19 | 12 | 17 |
| 21 | 18 | 24 | 2 | 17 | 0 | 23 |
| 22 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 22 | 2 | 13 |
| 23 | 18 | 12 | 19 | 23 | 3 | 15 |
| 24 | 18 | 12 | 19 | 23 | 3 | 10 |
| 25 | 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 13 | 19 |
| 26 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 21 | 13 | 18 |
| 27 | 17 | 11 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 18 |
| 28 | 16 | 17 | 3 | 11 | 12 | 23 |
| 29 | 8 | 12 | 19 | 23 | 11 | 24 |
| 30 | 16 | 13 | 7 | 23 | 12 | 19 |
| 31 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 11 | 18 | 22 |
| 32 | 17 | 11 | 1 | 21 | 12 | 18 |
| 33 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 12 | 18 |
| 34 | 8 | 11 | 14 | 17 | 12 | 22 |
| 35 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 21 | 14 | 16 |
| 36 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 17 | 21 |
| 37 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 17 | 21 |
| 38 | 6 | 11 | 21 | 1 | 12 | 17 |
| 39 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 5 |
| 40 | 8 | 12 | 19 | 24 | 11 | 17 |
| 41 | 18 | 13 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 24 |
| 42 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 21 | 19 | 22 |
| 43 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 19 | 8 | 15 |
| 44 | 8 | 12 | 17 | 24 | 13 | 15 |
| 45 | 6 | 12 | 19 | 21 | 17 | 18 |
| 46 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 21 | 2 | 18 |
| 47 | 16 | 2 | 17 | 21 | 1 | 11 |
| 48 | 6 | 17 | 19 | 23 | 12 | 16 |
| 49 | 6 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 8 | 22 |
| 50 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 21 | 9 | 12 |
| 51 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 7 | 21 |
| 52 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 17 | 21 |
| 53 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 21 | 1 | 16 |
| 54 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 21 |
| 55 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 21 |
| 56 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 1 | 21 |
| 57 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 21 |
| 58 | 6 | 11 | 17 | 21 | 1 | 12 |
| 59 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 21 |
| 60 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 21 | 6 | 21 |
| 61 | 16 | 11 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 17 |
| 62 | 16 | 11 | 1 | 22 | 2 | 17 |
| 63 | 16 | 13 | 15 | 7 | 14 | 19 |
| 64 | 8 | 12 | 1 | 19 | 16 | 23 |
| 65 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 21 |
| 66 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 2 | 7 | 18 |
| 67 | 16 | 12 | 1 | 21 | 11 | 17 |
| 68 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 19 | 12 | 15 |
| 69 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 21 |
| 70 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 9 |
| 71 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 2 | 21 |
| 72 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 11 | 21 | 22 |
| 73 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 12 |
| 74 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 21 |
| 75 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 13 | 17 |
| 76 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 21 | 2 | 7 |
| 77 | 6 | 12 | 1 | 11 | 2 | 7 |
| 78 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 16 | 21 |
| 79 | 6 | 12 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 16 |
| 커널 조합 인덱스 |
인트라 예측 모드의 값이 35 미만인 경우 | 인트라 예측 모드의 값이 35 이상인 경우 |
| 0 | (DCT-8, DCT-8) | (DCT-8, DCT-8) |
| 1 | (DST-7, DCT-8) | (DCT-8, DST-7) |
| 2 | (DCT-5, DCT-8) | (DCT-8, DCT-5) |
| 3 | (DST-4, DCT-8) | (DCT-8, DST-4) |
| 4 | (DST-1, DCT-8) | (DCT-8, DST-1) |
| 5 | (DCT-8, DST-7) | (DST-7, DCT-8) |
| 6 | (DST-7, DST-7) | (DST-7, DST-7) |
| 7 | (DCT-5, DST-7) | (DST-7, DCT-5) |
| 8 | (DST-4, DST-7) | (DST-7, DST-4) |
| 9 | (DST-1, DST-7) | (DST-7, DST-1) |
| 10 | (DCT-8, DCT-5) | (DCT-5, DCT-8) |
| 11 | (DST-7, DCT-5) | (DCT-5, DST-7) |
| 12 | (DCT-5, DCT-5) | (DCT-5, DCT-5) |
| 13 | (DST-4, DCT-5) | (DCT-5, DST-4) |
| 14 | (DST-1, DCT-5) | (DCT-5, DST-1) |
| 15 | (DCT-8, DST-4) | (DST-4, DCT-8) |
| 16 | (DST-7, DST-4) | (DST-4, DST-7) |
| 17 | (DCT-5, DST-4) | (DST-4, DCT-5) |
| 18 | (DST-4, DST-4) | (DST-4, DST-4) |
| 19 | (DST-1, DST-4) | (DST-4, DST-1) |
| 20 | (DCT-8, DST-1) | (DST-1, DCT-8) |
| 21 | (DST-7, DST-1) | (DST-1, DST-7) |
| 22 | (DCT-5, DST-1) | (DST-1, DCT-5) |
| 23 | (DST-4, DST-1) | (DST-1, DST-4) |
| 24 | (DST-1, DST-1) | (DST-1, DST-1) |
| 블록 크기 | 문턱값 | |
| 너비 | 높이 | |
| 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 4 | 8 | 6 |
| 4 | 16 | 4 |
| 8 | 4 | 8 |
| 8 | 8 | 8 |
| 8 | 16 | 6 |
| 16 | 4 | 4 |
| 16 | 8 | 2 |
| 16 | 16 | -1 |
| 인트라 예측 모드 | NSPT 세트 인덱스 |
| X < 0 | 2 |
| 0 ≤ X ≤ 34 | X |
| 35 ≤ X ≤ 66 | 68 - X |
| X > 66 | 2 |
| 인트라 예측 모드 | NSPT 세트 인덱스 |
| X < 0 | 2 |
| 0 ≤ X ≤ 66 | X |
| X > 66 | 66 |
| 인트라 예측 모드 | 세트 인덱스 |
| X < 0 | N.A. |
| 0 ≤ X ≤ 1 | X |
| 2 ≤ X ≤ 7 | N.A. |
| 8 ≤ X ≤ 34 | X - 6 |
| 35 ≤ X ≤ 66 | 68 - X |
| X > 66 | 2 |
| 인트라 예측 모드 | 세트 인덱스 |
| X < 0 | 2 |
| 0 ≤ X ≤ 34 | X |
| 35 ≤ X ≤ 60 | 62 - X |
| X > 60 | N.A. |
Claims (13)
- 비트스트림으로부터 레지듀얼 정보를 획득하는 단계;상기 레지듀얼 정보에 기초하여 현재 블록의 변환 계수들을 유도하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 변환 계수들에 대해 역양자화 또는 역변환 중 적어도 하나를 수행하여, 상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 샘플들을 유도하는 단계; 및상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 샘플들을 기반으로 상기 현재 블록을 복원하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 역변환은 비분리 변환 또는 분리 변환 중 적어도 하나를 기반으로 수행되고,상기 비분리 변환을 위한 비분리 변환 세트는, 기-정의된 인트라 예측 모드들과 비분리 변환 세트들 간의 매핑 관계를 정의하는 매핑 테이블에 기초하여 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록이 이용 가능한 비분리 변환 세트의 개수는, 상기 현재 블록이 제1 크기의 블록인지 여부에 기초하여 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제1 크기의 블록은, 너비와 높이가 서로 상이한 블록 또는 너비와 높이의 비율이 8:1, 1:8, 16:1, 또는 1:16 중 적어도 하나인 블록을 포함하는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제1 크기의 블록에 적용되는 하나 또는 그 이상의 제1 매핑 테이블과 상기 제1 크기의 블록이 아닌 블록에 적용되는 제2 매핑 테이블이 각각 정의되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록이 제2 크기의 블록인지 여부에 기초하여, 상기 현재 블록의 비분리 변환 세트를 결정하기 위한 매핑 테이블의 입력은, 비트스트림으로부터 시그날링되는 인트라 예측 모드 정보에 기초하여 유도 또는 와이드 앵글 인트라 예측 (WAIP) 모드 중 어느 하나로 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 제2 크기의 블록은, 너비와 높이의 비율이 2:1, 1:2, 4:1, 또는 1:4 중 적어도 하나인 블록을 포함하는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록이 속한 코딩 블록에 인트라 서브파티션 모드가 적용되는지 여부에 기초하여 상기 비분리 변환의 적용 여부가 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록이 인트라 서브파티션 모드에 따른 코딩 블록 내 복수의 서브파티션 중 어느 하나인 경우, 상기 비분리 변환의 적용 여부는 상기 현재 블록의 크기에 기초하여 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 매핑 테이블에 입력되는 인트라 예측 모드의 값이 67보다 크거나 같은 경우, 상기 비분리 변환을 위한 비분리 변환 세트는 상기 인트라 예측 모드의 값에서 65를 뺀 값과 동일한 세트 인덱스를 가진, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 매핑 테이블에 입력되는 인트라 예측 모드의 값이 -1보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 비분리 변환을 위한 비분리 변환 세트는 1에서 상기 인트라 예측 모드의 값을 뺀 값과 동일한 세트 인덱스를 가진, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 샘플들을 유도하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 샘플들에 변환 또는 양자화 중 적어도 하나를 수행하여, 상기 현재 블록의 변환 계수들을 유도하는 단계; 및상기 현재 블록의 변환 계수들을 부호화하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 변환은 비분리 변환 또는 분리 변환 중 적어도 하나를 기반으로 수행되고,상기 비분리 변환을 위한 비분리 변환 세트는, 기-정의된 인트라 예측 모드들과 비분리 변환 세트들 간의 매핑 관계를 정의하는 매핑 테이블에 기초하여 결정되는, 영상 인코딩 방법.
- 제11항에 따른 영상 인코딩 방법에 의해 생성된 비트스트림을 저장하는 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 저장 매체.
- 영상 정보에 대한 비트스트림을 획득하는 단계; 여기서, 상기 비트스트림은, 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 샘플들을 유도하고, 상기 현재 블록의 레지듀얼 샘플들에 변환 또는 양자화 중 적어도 하나를 수행하여 변환 계수들을 유도하고, 상기 현재 블록의 변환 계수를 부호화하여 생성됨, 및상기 비트스트림을 포함한 데이터를 전송하는 단계를 포함하되,상기 변환은 비분리 변환 또는 분리 변환 중 적어도 하나를 기반으로 수행되고,상기 비분리 변환을 위한 비분리 변환 세트는, 기-정의된 인트라 예측 모드들과 비분리 변환 세트들 간의 매핑 관계를 정의하는 매핑 테이블에 기초하여 결정되는, 데이터 전송 방법.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP24819644.6A EP4727125A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-06-10 | Image encoding/decoding method and device, and recording medium storing bitstream |
| KR1020267000448A KR20260035887A (ko) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-06-10 | 영상 인코딩/디코딩 방법 및 장치, 그리고 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 |
| CN202480042106.XA CN121399938A (zh) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-06-10 | 图像编码/解码方法和装置以及存储比特流的记录介质 |
| MX2025014539A MX2025014539A (es) | 2023-06-08 | 2024-06-10 | Método y dispositivo de codificación/decodificación de imágenes, y medio de grabación que almacena flujo de bits |
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| KR (1) | KR20260035887A (ko) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20200138804A (ko) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-12-10 | 프라운호퍼 게젤샤프트 쭈르 푀르데룽 데어 안겐반텐 포르슝 에. 베. | 변환 세트 |
| KR20210135320A (ko) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-11-12 | 텐센트 아메리카 엘엘씨 | 비디오 코딩 방법 및 장치 |
| KR102435840B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-29 | 2022-08-23 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 비분리형 변환들을 위한 메모리 감소 |
| KR20230003639A (ko) * | 2018-07-02 | 2023-01-06 | 텐센트 아메리카 엘엘씨 | 비디오 압축에서의 비-정사각형 블록들에 대한 인트라 예측을 위한 방법 및 장치 |
| WO2023075353A1 (ko) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 비분리 1차 변환 설계 방법 및 장치 |
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- 2024-06-10 EP EP24819644.6A patent/EP4727125A1/en active Pending
- 2024-06-10 KR KR1020267000448A patent/KR20260035887A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-10 WO PCT/KR2024/007916 patent/WO2024253493A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-10 MX MX2025014539A patent/MX2025014539A/es unknown
- 2024-06-10 CN CN202480042106.XA patent/CN121399938A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102435840B1 (ko) * | 2017-06-29 | 2022-08-23 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 비분리형 변환들을 위한 메모리 감소 |
| KR20200138804A (ko) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-12-10 | 프라운호퍼 게젤샤프트 쭈르 푀르데룽 데어 안겐반텐 포르슝 에. 베. | 변환 세트 |
| KR20230003639A (ko) * | 2018-07-02 | 2023-01-06 | 텐센트 아메리카 엘엘씨 | 비디오 압축에서의 비-정사각형 블록들에 대한 인트라 예측을 위한 방법 및 장치 |
| KR20210135320A (ko) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-11-12 | 텐센트 아메리카 엘엘씨 | 비디오 코딩 방법 및 장치 |
| WO2023075353A1 (ko) * | 2021-10-25 | 2023-05-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 비분리 1차 변환 설계 방법 및 장치 |
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| MX2025014539A (es) | 2026-02-03 |
| CN121399938A (zh) | 2026-01-23 |
| KR20260035887A (ko) | 2026-03-13 |
| EP4727125A1 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
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