WO2024253397A1 - 무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
- H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/04—Scheduled access
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method and device for secondary channel access in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
- WLAN wireless local area network
- Wi-Fi wireless LAN
- VHT Very High-Throughput
- HE High Efficiency
- EHT Extremely High Throughput
- technologies for MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and multi-access point (AP) coordination that support increased bandwidth, efficient utilization of multiple bands, and increased spatial streams are being studied, and in particular, various technologies are being studied to support low latency or real-time traffic.
- new technologies are being discussed to support ultra-high reliability (UHR), including improvements or extensions of EHT technologies.
- the technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method and device for accessing a secondary channel when a primary channel is BUSY.
- an additional technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a method for setting channel access parameters for a secondary channel to support secondary channel access and a device therefor.
- a method performed by a station may include: receiving a set of channel access parameters for a secondary channel; performing a back-off process on one or more first secondary channels based on a network allocation vector (NAV) being set for a primary channel; and transmitting a frame on one or more second secondary channels based on an expiration of a back-off counter for the one or more first secondary channels.
- a value of the back-off counter may be determined based on the set of channel access parameters for the secondary channel.
- a method performed by an access point (AP) may include: transmitting a channel access parameter set for a secondary channel; and performing a back-off process on a first one or more secondary channels based on a network allocation vector (NAV) being set for a primary channel; and transmitting a frame on a second one or more secondary channels based on an expiration of a back-off counter for the first one or more secondary channels.
- a value of the back-off counter may be determined based on the channel access parameter set for the secondary channel.
- the secondary channel can be used, thereby improving the efficiency of medium use and further improving the efficiency of wireless communication.
- a secondary channel access operation can be smoothly performed by setting channel access parameters for the secondary channel.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 8 illustrates EDCA parameter set elements in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 9 illustrates MU EDCA parameter set elements in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a channel access operation in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a basic procedure of secondary channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a backoff operation according to an SCA EDCA parameter set according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a backoff operation according to an SCA EDCA parameter set according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 illustrates the operation of a station device for a secondary channel access method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of an access point device for a secondary channel access method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- first in one embodiment
- second component in another embodiment
- first component in another embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN system.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax/be standards.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on a newly proposed IEEE 802.11bn (or UHR) standard.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on a next-generation standard after IEEE 802.11bn.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system based on a Long Term Evolution (LTE) series technology of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and a New Radio (5G NR) series technology.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- 5G NR New Radio
- FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the first device (100) and the second device (200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be replaced with various terms such as a terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), a Wireless terminal (WT), or simply a user.
- WTRU Wireless Transmit Receive Unit
- UE User Equipment
- MS Mobile Station
- UT a Mobile Subscriber Station
- MSS Mobile Subscriber Unit
- SS Subscriber Station
- AMS Advanced Mobile Station
- WT Wireless terminal
- first device (100) and the second device (200) may be replaced with various terms such as an Access Point (AP), a Base Station (BS), a fixed station, a Node B, a base transceiver system (BTS), a network, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system, a road side unit (RSU), a repeater, a router, a relay, a gateway, etc.
- AP Access Point
- BS Base Station
- BTS base transceiver system
- AI Artificial Intelligence
- RSU road side unit
- RSU road side unit
- repeater a router, a relay, a gateway, etc.
- the devices (100, 200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may also be referred to as stations (STAs).
- STAs stations
- the devices (100, 200) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be referred to by various terms such as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a transmitting STA, and a receiving STA.
- the STAs (110, 200) may perform an AP (access point) role or a non-AP role. That is, the STAs (110, 200) in the present disclosure may perform functions of an AP and/or a non-AP.
- the STAs (110, 200) When the STAs (110, 200) perform an AP function, they may simply be referred to as APs, and when the STAs (110, 200) perform a non-AP function, they may simply be referred to as STAs.
- the APs in the present disclosure may also be indicated as AP STAs.
- the first device (100) and the second device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless LAN technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
- the first device (100) and the second device (200) can include interfaces for a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical layer (PHY) that follow the regulations of the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- MAC medium access control
- PHY physical layer
- the first device (100) and the second device (200) may additionally support various communication standards (for example, standards of 3GPP LTE series, 5G NR series, etc.) other than wireless LAN technology.
- the device of the present disclosure may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, an Augmented Reality (AR) device, and a Virtual Reality (VR) device.
- the STA of the present specification may support various communication services such as a voice call, a video call, a data communication, autonomous driving, MTC (Machine-Type Communication), M2M (Machine-to-Machine), D2D (Device-to-Device), and IoT (Internet-of-Things).
- a first device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108).
- the processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106).
- the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104).
- the memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
- the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
- the transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108).
- the transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
- the transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.
- a device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- the second device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208).
- the processor (202) may be configured to control the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal via the transceiver (206).
- the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signal via the transceiver (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory (204).
- the memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software codes including instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.
- the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless LAN technology (e.g., IEEE 802.11 series).
- the transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208).
- the transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
- the transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
- a device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
- one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202).
- one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC).
- One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- PDUs Protocol Data Units
- SDUs Service Data Units
- One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions and/or methodologies disclosed in this disclosure, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206).
- One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure.
- signals e.g., baseband signals
- the one or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer.
- the one or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc.
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more of the following: included in one or more processors (102, 202), or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more of the processors (102, 202).
- the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
- One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands.
- the one or more memories (104, 204) may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
- the one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of the present disclosure, to one or more other devices.
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or flowcharts of the present disclosure, from one or more other devices.
- one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals.
- one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, and the like, as described in the description, function, procedure, proposal, method, and/or operational flowchart, etc.
- one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas, or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).
- One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202).
- one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or filter.
- one of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of an AP, and the other of the STAs (100, 200) may perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA.
- the transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 1 may perform transmission and reception operations of signals (e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical layer Protocol Data Units) according to IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be/bn, etc.).
- signals e.g., packets or PPDUs (Physical layer Protocol Data Units) according to IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be/bn, etc.
- operations of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed in the processors (102, 202) of FIG. 1.
- an example of an operation for generating a transmit/receive signal or performing data processing or calculation in advance for a transmit/receive signal may include: 1) an operation for determining/acquiring/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding bit information of a field (SIG (signal), STF (short training field), LTF (long training field), Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 2) an operation for determining/configuring/acquiring time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for the fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 3) an operation for determining/configuring/acquiring specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequences, STF/LTF sequences, extra sequences applied to SIG) used for the fields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data, etc.) included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and/or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining/acquiring/acquiring/
- various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
- various information e.g., information related to fields/subfields/control fields/parameters/power, etc.
- various STAs for determining/acquiring/configuring/computing/decoding/encoding transmission/reception signals can be stored in the memory (104, 204) of FIG. 1.
- downlink means a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU/packet/signal, etc. can be transmitted and received through the downlink.
- a transmitter may be part of an AP STA, and a receiver may be part of a non-AP STA.
- Uplink (UL) means a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU/packet/signal, etc. can be transmitted and received through the uplink.
- a transmitter may be part of a non-AP STA, and a receiver may be part of an AP STA.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- a wireless LAN supporting transparent STA mobility to a higher layer can be provided through the interaction of multiple components.
- a BSS Basic Service Set
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2) exist and two STAs are included as members of each BSS (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1, and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2).
- An ellipse representing a BSS in FIG. 2 can also be understood as representing a coverage area in which STAs included in the corresponding BSS maintain communication. This area can be referred to as a BSA (Basic Service Area). If an STA moves out of the BSA, it cannot directly communicate with other STAs within the corresponding BSA.
- BSA Basic Service Area
- an IBSS can have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs.
- BSS1 consisting of only STA1 and STA2
- BSS2 consisting of only STA3 and STA4
- This configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly without an AP.
- a LAN can be configured when needed rather than being planned in advance, and this can be called an ad-hoc network.
- an IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity that performs management functions. That is, in an IBSS, STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs can be mobile STAs, and access to distributed systems (DS) is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.
- DS distributed systems
- the membership of an STA in a BSS can be dynamically changed by the STA turning on or off, the STA entering or leaving the BSS area, etc.
- an STA can join the BSS using a synchronization process.
- an STA In order to access all services of the BSS infrastructure, an STA must be associated with a BSS. This association can be dynamically established and may include the use of a Distribution System Service (DSS).
- DSS Distribution System Service
- the direct STA-to-STA distance may be limited by the PHY performance. In some cases, this distance limitation may be sufficient, but in some cases, communication between STAs over longer distances may be required.
- a distributed system may be configured.
- DS refers to a structure in which BSSs are interconnected.
- a BSS may exist as an extended component of a network composed of multiple BSSs, as shown in FIG. 2.
- DS is a logical concept and can be specified by the characteristics of a distributed system medium (DSM).
- DSM distributed system medium
- WM wireless medium
- DSM distributed system medium
- Each logical medium is used for a different purpose and is used by different components. These media are neither limited to being the same nor limited to being different.
- the flexibility of a wireless LAN structure can be explained in that multiple media are logically different.
- a wireless LAN structure can be implemented in various ways, and each wireless LAN structure can be independently specified by the physical characteristics of each implementation example.
- a DS can support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and providing logical services necessary to handle addresses to destinations.
- a DS can further include a component called a portal that acts as a bridge for connecting wireless LANs to other networks (e.g., IEEE 802.X).
- An AP is an entity that enables access to a DS through a WM for associated non-AP STAs, and also has the functionality of an STA. Data movement between a BSS and a DS can be performed through an AP.
- STA2 and STA3 illustrated in FIG. 2 have the functionality of an STA, and provide a function that allows associated non-AP STAs (STA1 and STA4) to access the DS.
- all APs are basically STAs, all APs are addressable entities.
- the address used by an AP for communication on a WM and the address used by an AP for communication on a DSM need not necessarily be the same.
- a BSS consisting of an AP and one or more STAs can be called an infrastructure BSS.
- Data transmitted from one of the STA(s) associated with an AP to the STA address of that AP is always received on an uncontrolled port and can be processed by an IEEE 802.1X port access entity.
- the transmitted data (or frame) can be forwarded to the DS.
- an Extended Service Set may be established to provide wider coverage.
- An ESS is a network of arbitrary size and complexity consisting of DS and BSS.
- An ESS may correspond to a set of BSSs connected to a DS. However, an ESS does not include a DS.
- An ESS network is characterized by being seen as an IBSS in the LLC (Logical Link Control) layer. STAs included in an ESS can communicate with each other, and mobile STAs can move from one BSS to another BSS (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
- APs included in an ESS may have the same SSID (service set identification). The SSID is distinct from the BSSID, which is an identifier of the BSS.
- the BSSs can be partially overlapped, which is a common configuration used to provide continuous coverage.
- the BSSs can be physically unconnected, and logically there is no limit to the distance between the BSSs.
- the BSSs can be physically co-located, which can be used to provide redundancy.
- one (or more) IBSS or ESS networks can physically co-exist in the same space as one (or more) ESS networks. This can correspond to ESS network configurations such as cases where ad-hoc networks operate at locations where ESS networks exist, cases where physically overlapping wireless networks are configured by different organizations, or cases where two or more different access and security policies are required at the same location.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a link setup process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the link setup process may also be referred to as a session initiation process or a session setup process.
- the discovery, authentication, association, and security setup processes of the link setup process may be collectively referred to as the association process.
- the STA may perform a network discovery operation.
- the network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access the network, it must find a network that it can participate in. The STA must identify a compatible network before participating in the wireless network, and the process of identifying networks existing in a specific area is called scanning.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a network discovery operation including an active scanning process as an example.
- active scanning an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to search for APs in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response thereto.
- a responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame as a response to the probe request frame.
- the responder may be an STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned.
- the AP transmits a beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not fixed.
- an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (i.e., transmitting and receiving probe request/response on channel 2) in the same manner.
- the next channel e.g., channel 2
- scanning i.e., transmitting and receiving probe request/response on channel 2
- the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner.
- passive scanning an STA performing scanning moves through channels and waits for a beacon frame.
- a beacon frame is one of the management frames defined in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted to notify the existence of a wireless network and to enable an STA performing scanning to find a wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
- an AP In a BSS, an AP periodically transmits a beacon frame, and in an IBSS, STAs in the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames.
- an STA performing scanning receives a beacon frame, it stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording beacon frame information on each channel.
- An STA receiving a beacon frame stores information related to the BSS included in the received beacon frame, moves to the next channel, and performs scanning on the next channel in the same manner. Comparing active scanning and passive scanning, active scanning has the advantage of lower delay and power consumption than passive scanning.
- step S320 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S320.
- This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below.
- the authentication process includes the STA sending an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP sending an authentication response frame to the STA in response.
- the authentication frame used for the authentication request/response corresponds to a management frame.
- the authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), a Finite Cyclic Group, etc. These are just some examples of information that may be included in an authentication request/response frame, and may be replaced by other information or may include additional information.
- RSN Robust Security Network
- the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
- the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the STA based on information included in the received authentication request frame.
- the AP may provide the result of the authentication processing to the STA through an authentication response frame.
- an association process may be performed in step S330.
- the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
- the association request frame may include information about various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domains, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, interworking service capabilities, etc.
- the association response frame may include information about various capabilities, a status code, an Association ID (AID), supported rates, an Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter set, a Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), a Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (e.g., association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, a TIM broadcast response, a Quality of Service (QoS) map, etc.
- AID Association ID
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- RCPI Received Channel Power Indicator
- RSNI Received Signal to Noise Indicator
- timeout interval e.g., association comeback time
- overlapping BSS scan parameters e.g., TIM broadcast response
- a security setup process may be performed in step S340.
- the security setup process of step S340 may be referred to as an authentication process through a Robust Security Network Association (RSNA) request/response
- the authentication process of step S320 may be referred to as a first authentication process
- the security setup process of step S340 may be referred to simply as an authentication process.
- RSNA Robust Security Network Association
- the security setup process of step S340 may include a process of performing private key setup, for example, through 4-way handshaking via an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. Additionally, the security setup process may be performed according to a security method not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the basic access mechanism of MAC is the CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) mechanism.
- the CSMA/CA mechanism is also called the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of IEEE 802.11 MAC, and basically adopts the "listen before talk" access mechanism.
- DCF Distributed Coordination Function
- the AP and/or STA may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) to sense the wireless channel or medium for a predetermined time period (e.g., a DCF Inter-Frame Space (DIFS)) before starting transmission. If the sensing result determines that the medium is in an idle state, the AP and/or STA may start transmitting frames through the medium.
- CCA Clear Channel Assessment
- DIFS DCF Inter-Frame Space
- the AP and/or STA may not start its own transmission, but may wait for a delay period (e.g., a random backoff period) for medium access and then attempt to transmit frames.
- a delay period e.g., a random backoff period
- the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol provides a Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF).
- the HCF is based on the DCF and the Point Coordination Function (PCF).
- the PCF is a polling-based synchronous access method in which all receiving APs and/or STAs periodically poll to receive data frames.
- the HCF has EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) and HCCA (HCF Controlled Channel Access).
- EDCA is a contention-based access method in which a provider provides data frames to multiple users, and HCCA uses a non-contention-based channel access method using a polling mechanism.
- the HCF includes a medium access mechanism for improving the QoS (Quality of Service) of a wireless LAN, and can transmit QoS data in both a contention period (CP) and a contention-free period (CFP).
- QoS Quality of Service
- a random backoff period When an occupied/busy medium changes to an idle state, multiple STAs may attempt to transmit data (or frames). As a measure to minimize collisions, each STA may select a random backoff count, wait for a corresponding slot time, and then attempt to transmit.
- the random backoff count has a pseudo-random integer value and may be determined as one of the values in the range of 0 to CW.
- CW is a contention window parameter value.
- the CW parameter is initially given CWmin, but may take a double value in case of a transmission failure (e.g., when an ACK for a transmitted frame is not received).
- the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. If the medium is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and waits, and when the medium becomes idle, the remaining countdown is resumed.
- STA3 when a packet to be transmitted reaches the MAC of STA3, STA3 can check that the medium is idle for DIFS and transmit the frame right away. The remaining STAs monitor whether the medium is occupied/busy and wait. In the meantime, data to be transmitted may also occur in each of STA1, STA2, and STA5, and each STA can perform a countdown of the backoff slot according to a random backoff count value selected by each STA after waiting for DIFS when the medium is monitored as idle. Assume that STA2 selects the smallest backoff count value and STA1 selects the largest backoff count value.
- this example shows a case where the remaining backoff time of STA5 is shorter than the remaining backoff time of STA1 when STA2 finishes the backoff count and starts frame transmission.
- STA1 and STA5 briefly stop the countdown and wait while STA2 occupies the medium.
- STA1 and STA5 resume the stopped backoff count after waiting for DIFS. That is, they can start frame transmission after counting down the remaining backoff slots by the remaining backoff time. Since the remaining backoff time of STA5 is shorter than that of STA1, STA5 starts frame transmission. While STA2 occupies the medium, STA4 may also have data to transmit.
- STA4 From STA4's perspective, when the medium becomes idle, it waits for DIFS, performs a countdown according to the random backoff count value it selected, and starts frame transmission.
- the remaining backoff time of STA5 coincidentally matches the random backoff count value of STA4, and in this case, a collision may occur between STA4 and STA5. If a collision occurs, neither STA4 nor STA5 will receive an ACK, resulting in a failure in data transmission. In this case, STA4 and STA5 can select a random backoff count value and perform a countdown after doubling the CW value.
- STA1 waits while the medium is occupied by transmissions from STA4 and STA5, and when the medium becomes idle, it waits for DIFS, and then starts transmitting frames after the remaining backoff time has elapsed.
- a data frame is a frame used for transmitting data forwarded to a higher layer, and can be transmitted after a backoff performed after DIFS elapses from when the medium becomes idle.
- a management frame is a frame used for exchanging management information that is not forwarded to a higher layer, and is transmitted after a backoff performed after an IFS such as DIFS or PIFS (Point coordination function IFS) elapses.
- Subtype frames of the management frame include a beacon, an association request/response, a re-association request/response, a probe request/response, and an authentication request/response.
- a control frame is a frame used to control access to the medium.
- the subtype frames of the control frame include RTS (Request-To-Send), CTS (Clear-To-Send), ACK (Acknowledgment), PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll), Block ACK (BlockAck), Block ACK Request (BlockACKReq), NDP notification (null data packet announcement), and Trigger. If the control frame is not a response frame to the previous frame, it is transmitted after the backoff performed after the DIFS (DIFS), and if it is a response frame to the previous frame, it is transmitted without the backoff performed after the SIFS (short IFS).
- DIFS DIFS
- SIFS short IFS
- a QoS (Quality of Service) STA can transmit a frame after a backoff performed after the AIFS (arbitration IFS) for the access category (AC) to which the frame belongs, that is, AIFS[i] (where i is a value determined by the AC), has elapsed.
- AIFS aromatic IFS
- the frames for which AIFS[i] can be used can be data frames, management frames, and also control frames that are not response frames.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the CSMA/CA mechanism includes virtual carrier sensing in addition to physical carrier sensing in which an STA directly senses the medium.
- Virtual carrier sensing is intended to complement problems that may occur in medium access, such as the hidden node problem.
- the MAC of the STA may utilize a Network Allocation Vector (NAV).
- NAV Network Allocation Vector
- the NAV is a value that indicates to other STAs the remaining time until the medium becomes available, by an STA that is currently using or has the right to use the medium. Therefore, the value set as NAV corresponds to the period during which the medium is scheduled to be used by the STA transmitting the corresponding frame, and the STA that receives the NAV value is prohibited from accessing the medium during the corresponding period.
- the NAV may be set based on the value of the "duration" field of the MAC header of the frame.
- STA1 wants to transmit data to STA2, and STA3 is in a position to overhear part or all of the frames transmitted and received between STA1 and STA2.
- a mechanism using RTS/CTS frames may be applied.
- STA3 may determine that the carrier sensing result of the medium is idle. That is, STA1 may correspond to a hidden node to STA3.
- STA2 may transmitting, STA3 may determine that the carrier sensing result of the medium is idle. That is, STA2 may correspond to a hidden node to STA3.
- STAs outside the transmission range of either STA1 or STA2, or STAs outside the carrier sensing range for transmission from STA1 or STA3 may not attempt to occupy the channel during data transmission and reception between STA1 and STA2.
- STA1 can determine whether a channel is occupied through carrier sensing.
- STA1 can determine a channel occupied idle state based on energy magnitude or signal correlation detected in the channel.
- STA1 can determine a channel occupied state using a network allocation vector (NAV) timer.
- NAV network allocation vector
- STA1 can transmit an RTS frame to STA2 after performing a backoff if the channel is idle during DIFS.
- STA2 can transmit a CTS frame, which is a response to the RTS frame, to STA1 after SIFS if it receives the RTS frame.
- STA3 can set a NAV timer for the subsequently transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + CTS frame + SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame) using the duration information included in the RTS frame.
- STA3 can set a NAV timer for the subsequently transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame) using the duration information included in the CTS frame.
- STA3 can overhear one or more of the RTS or CTS frames from one or more of STA1 or STA2, it can set a NAV accordingly.
- STA3 can update the NAV timer using the duration information contained in the new frame if it receives a new frame before the NAV timer expires. STA3 does not attempt to access the channel until the NAV timer expires.
- STA1 receives a CTS frame from STA2, it can transmit a data frame to STA2 after SIFS from the time when reception of the CTS frame is completed. If STA2 successfully receives the data frame, it can transmit an ACK frame in response to the data frame to STA1 after SIFS.
- STA3 can determine whether the channel is in use through carrier sensing if the NAV timer expires. If STA3 determines that the channel is not in use by other terminals during DIFS after the expiration of the NAV timer, it can attempt channel access after a contention window (CW) following a random backoff has elapsed.
- CW contention window
- FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the PHY layer can prepare an MPDU (MAC PDU) to be transmitted by an instruction or primitive (meaning a set of instructions or parameters) from the MAC layer. For example, when a command requesting the start of transmission of the PHY layer is received from the MAC layer, the PHY layer can switch to transmission mode and transmit information (e.g., data) provided from the MAC layer in the form of a frame. In addition, when the PHY layer detects a valid preamble of the received frame, it monitors the header of the preamble and sends a command to the MAC layer notifying the start of reception of the PHY layer.
- MPDU MPDU
- an instruction or primitive meaning a set of instructions or parameters
- PPDU PHY layer Protocol Data Unit
- a basic PPDU may include a Short Training Field (STF), a Long Training Field (LTF), a SIGNAL (SIG) field, and a Data field.
- STF Short Training Field
- LTF Long Training Field
- SIG SIGNAL
- PPDU format may consist of only a Legacy-STF (L-STF), a Legacy-LTF (L-LTF), a Legacy-SIG (Legacy-SIG) field, and a Data field.
- RL-SIG RL-SIG
- U-SIG non-legacy SIG field
- non-legacy STF non-legacy LTF
- xx-SIG xx-SIG
- xx-LTF e.g., xx represents HT, VHT, HE, EHT, etc.
- STF is a signal for signal detection, AGC (Automatic Gain Control), diversity selection, precise time synchronization, etc.
- LTF is a signal for channel estimation, frequency error estimation, etc. STF and LTF can be said to be signals for OFDM physical layer synchronization and channel estimation.
- the SIG field may include various information related to PPDU transmission and reception.
- the L-SIG field may consist of 24 bits and may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity field, and a 6-bit Tail field.
- the RATE field may include information about a modulation and coding rate of data.
- the 12-bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU.
- the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, for a non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3.
- the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.
- the data field may include a SERVICE field, a Physical layer Service Data Unit (PSDU), a PPDU TAIL bit, and, if necessary, padding bits.
- PSDU Physical layer Service Data Unit
- PPDU TAIL bit may be used to return the encoder to the 0 state.
- padding bit may be used to adjust the length of the data field to a predetermined unit.
- MAC PDU is defined according to various MAC frame formats, and the basic MAC frame consists of a MAC header, frame body, and FCS (Frame Check Sequence).
- MAC frame consists of MAC PDU and can be transmitted/received through PSDU of the data part of PPDU format.
- the MAC header includes a Frame Control field, a Duration/ID field, an Address field, etc.
- the Frame Control field may include control information required for frame transmission/reception.
- the Duration/ID field may be set to a time for transmitting the corresponding frame, etc.
- the Address subfields may indicate a receiver address, a transmitter address, a destination address, and a source address of the frame, and some Address subfields may be omitted. For specific details of each subfield of the MAC header, including the Sequence Control, QoS Control, and HT Control subfields, refer to the IEEE 802.11 standard document.
- Null-Data PPDU (NDP) format refers to a PPDU format that does not include a data field. That is, NDP refers to a frame format that includes a PPDU preamble (i.e., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG fields, and additionally, non-legacy SIG, non-legacy STF, non-legacy LTF if present) in a general PPDU format, and does not include the remaining part (i.e., data field).
- a PPDU preamble i.e., L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG fields, and additionally, non-legacy SIG, non-legacy STF, non-legacy LTF if present
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of PPDUs defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the basic PPDU format (IEEE 802.11a/g) includes L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, and Data fields.
- the basic PPDU format can also be called a non-HT PPDU format (Fig. 7(a)).
- the HT PPDU format (IEEE 802.11n) additionally includes HT-SIG, HT-STF, and HT-LFT(s) fields in the basic PPDU format.
- the HT PPDU format illustrated in Fig. 7(b) may be referred to as an HT-mixed format.
- an HT-greenfield format PPDU may be defined, which corresponds to a format that does not include L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, and consists of HT-GF-STF, HT-LTF1, HT-SIG, one or more HT-LTF, and Data fields (not illustrated).
- VHT PPDU format includes VHT SIG-A, VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, and VHT-SIG-B fields in addition to the basic PPDU format (Fig. 7(c)).
- HE PPDU format (IEEE 802.11ax) additionally includes RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG), HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, HE-STF, HE-LTF(s), and PE (Packet Extension) fields in the basic PPDU format (Fig. 7(d)).
- RL-SIG Repeated L-SIG
- HE-SIG-A HE-SIG-B
- HE-STF HE-LTF(s)
- PE Packet Extension
- some fields may be excluded or their lengths may vary.
- the HE-SIG-B field is included in a HE PPDU format for multi-users (MUs), and the HE PPDU format for single users (SUs) does not include the HE-SIG-B.
- a HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B, and the length of the HE-STF field may vary to 8us.
- a HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B field, and the length of the HE-SIG-A field may vary to 16us.
- RL-SIG can be configured identically to L-SIG. The receiving STA can know that the received PPDU is a HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU, described later, based on the presence of RL-SIG.
- the EHT PPDU format may include the EHT MU (multi-user) PPDU of Fig. 7(e) and the EHT TB (trigger-based) PPDU of Fig. 7(f).
- the EHT PPDU format is similar to the HE PPDU format in that it includes an RL-SIG following an L-SIG, but it may include a U (universal)-SIG, an EHT-SIG, an EHT-STF, and an EHT-LTF following the RL-SIG.
- the EHT MU PPDU in Fig. 7(e) corresponds to a PPDU that carries one or more data (or PSDU) for one or more users. That is, the EHT MU PPDU can be used for both SU transmission and MU transmission.
- the EHT MU PPDU can correspond to a PPDU for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs.
- the EHT TB PPDU of Fig. 7(f) omits EHT-SIG compared to the EHT MU PPDU.
- An STA that has received a trigger for UL MU transmission e.g., a trigger frame or TRS (triggered response scheduling)
- TRS triggered response scheduling
- the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG (Universal SIGNAL), and EHT-SIG fields can be encoded and modulated and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 312.5 kHz) so that even legacy STAs can attempt to demodulate and decode them. These can be referred to as pre-EHT modulated fields.
- the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data, and PE fields can be encoded and modulated and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 78.125 kHz) so that they can be demodulated and decoded by an STA that successfully decodes a non-legacy SIG (e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG) and obtains the information included in the corresponding fields.
- a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval e.g., 78.125 kHz
- a non-legacy SIG e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
- EHT modulated fields e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
- the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B fields may be referred to as pre-HE modulation fields, and the HE-STF, HE-LTF, Data, and PE fields may be referred to as HE modulation fields.
- the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, and VHT-SIG-A fields may be referred to as pre-VHT modulation fields
- the VHT STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIG-B, and Data fields may be referred to as VHT modulation fields.
- the U-SIG included in the EHT PPDU format of Fig. 7 can be configured based on, for example, two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols).
- Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG can have a duration of 4us, and the U-SIG can have a total duration of 8us.
- Each symbol of the U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information.
- each symbol of the U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
- U-SIG can be configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the same U-SIG can be replicated in 20MHz units. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included in an 80MHz PPDU. When the bandwidth exceeds 80MHz, for example, for a 160MHz PPDU, the U-SIG of the first 80MHz unit and the U-SIG of the second 80MHz unit can be different.
- a uncoded bits can be transmitted, and a first symbol of U-SIG (e.g., U-SIG-1 symbol) can transmit the first X bits of information out of the total A bits of information, and a second symbol of U-SIG (e.g., U-SIG-2 symbol) can transmit the remaining Y bits of information out of the total A bits of information.
- the A bits of information e.g., 52 uncoded bits
- the tail field can be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and can be set to 0, for example.
- the A bit information transmitted by U-SIG can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits.
- U-SIG may be included in a new PPDU format (e.g., UHR PPDU format) not shown in FIG. 7, and in the format of the U-SIG field included in the EHT PPDU format and the format of the U-SIG field included in the UHR PPDU format, the version-independent bits may be the same, and some or all of the version-dependent bits may be different.
- the size of the version-independent bits of U-SIG can be fixed or variable.
- the version-independent bits can be assigned only to U-SIG-1 symbols, or to both U-SIG-1 symbols and U-SIG-2 symbols.
- the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier, which may indicate the PHY version (e.g., EHT, UHR, etc.) of the transmitted and received PPDU.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information about the length of a TXOP (transmission opportunity) and information about a BSS color ID.
- the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG may contain information that directly or indirectly indicates the type of the PPDU (e.g., SU PPDU, MU PPDU, TB PPDU, etc.).
- the U-SIG may further include information about bandwidth, information about an MCS technique applied to a non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.), information indicating whether a dual carrier modulation (DCM) technique (e.g., a technique for achieving an effect similar to frequency diversity by reusing the same signal on two subcarriers) is applied to the non-legacy SIG, information about the number of symbols used for the non-legacy SIG, information about whether the non-legacy SIG is generated over the entire band, etc.
- DCM dual carrier modulation
- Some of the information required for PPDU transmission and reception may be included in the U-SIG and/or the non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.).
- information about the type of non-legacy LTF/STF e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
- information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
- information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., information about the guard interval (GI) applied to the non-legacy LTF
- information about the preamble puncturing applicable to the PPDU e.g., information about the resource unit (RU) allocation, etc.
- RU resource unit
- Preamble puncturing may mean transmission of a PPDU in which no signal is present in one or more frequency units within the bandwidth of the PPDU.
- the size of the frequency unit (or the resolution of the preamble puncturing) may be defined as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, etc.
- preamble puncturing may be applied to a PPDU bandwidth greater than a predetermined size.
- non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B, EHT-SIG, etc. may include control information for the receiving STA.
- the non-legacy SIG may be transmitted through at least one symbol, and one symbol may have a length of 4 us.
- Information about the number of symbols used for EHT-SIG may be included in a previous SIG (e.g., HE-SIG-A, U-SIG, etc.).
- Non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B, EHT-SIG, etc.
- HE-SIG-B may contain common fields and user-specific fields. Common fields and user-specific fields may be coded separately.
- the common field may be omitted.
- the common field may be omitted, and multiple STAs may receive a PPDU (e.g., a data field of a PPDU) over the same frequency band.
- a PPDU e.g., a data field of a PPDU
- multiple users may receive a PPDU (e.g., a data field of a PPDU) over different frequency bands.
- the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.
- One user block field can include at most two user fields.
- Each user field can be associated with an MU-MIMO allocation or associated with a non-MU-MIMO allocation.
- the common field may include CRC bits and Tail bits, the length of the CRC bits may be determined as 4 bits, the length of the Tail bits may be determined as 6 bits and may be set to 000000.
- the common field may include RU allocation information.
- the RU allocation information may include information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated.
- An RU may include multiple subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA technique. An RU may also be defined when transmitting signals to one STA. Resources may be allocated in RU units for non-legacy STFs, non-legacy LTFs, and Data fields.
- an applicable size of RU can be defined.
- the RU may be defined identically or differently for the applicable PPDU format (e.g., HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, etc.).
- the RU arrangements of HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may be different.
- the applicable RU size, RU number, RU position, DC (direct current) subcarrier position and number, null subcarrier position and number, guard subcarrier position and number, etc. for each PPDU bandwidth can be referred to as a tone plan.
- a tone plan for a wide bandwidth can be defined in the form of multiple repetitions of a tone plan for a low bandwidth.
- RUs of different sizes can be defined, such as 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, 242-tone RU, 484-tone RU, 996-tone RU, 2 ⁇ 996-tone RU, 3 ⁇ 996-tone RU, etc.
- a multiple RU is distinct from multiple individual RUs and corresponds to a group of subcarriers consisting of multiple RUs.
- one MRU can be defined as 52+26-tones, 106+26-tones, 484+242-tones, 996+484-tones, 996+484+242-tones, 2 ⁇ 996+484-tones, 3 ⁇ 996-tones, or 3 ⁇ 996+484-tones.
- multiple RUs constituting one MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.
- the specific size of the RU may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in the present disclosure is not limited and is exemplary. In addition, within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...) in the present disclosure, the number of RUs may vary depending on the RU size.
- each field in the PPDU formats of FIG. 7 are exemplary, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the names.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the PPDU format exemplified in FIG. 7, but also to a new PPDU format in which some fields are excluded and/or some fields are added based on the PPDU formats of FIG. 7.
- the EDCA channel access protocol adds four independent enhanced distributed channel access functions (EDCAFs) to the DCF procedure to provide differentiated priority to traffic transmitted using four different access categories (ACs).
- EDCAFs enhanced distributed channel access functions
- each EDCAF maintains a MAC variable CW[AC] that is initialized to the value of the parameter CWmin[AC] for the AC of that EDCAF.
- the TXNAV timer is a single timer shared by the EDCAF within an STA, and is initialized to the duration of the Duration/ID field of the most recently successfully transmitted frame by the TXOP holder, excluding PS-Poll frames.
- the TXNAV timer starts counting down from the end of the transmission of the PPDU containing the frame.
- the backoff procedure by EDCAF can be performed when the medium is busy in the primary channel, as indicated by physical carrier sensing (CS), virtual CS, etc.
- CS physical carrier sensing
- CS virtual CS
- EDCA TXOP initiation EDCA TXOP sharing
- multi-frame exchange sequence within EDCA TXOP Initiation of TXOP occurs when an EDCA rule grants access to the medium.
- EDCA TXOP sharing occurs when an EDCAF within an AP supporting DL MU-MIMO gains access to the medium, making that AC the primary AC and including traffic from queues associated with other ACs in the MU PPDUs transmitted during the TXOP.
- Multi-frame exchange sequence(s) within TXOP occur when the EDCAF has the right to access the medium.
- Each EDCAF maintains a backoff counter whose value is measured in backoff slots.
- the backoff counter is set to a randomly selected integer value using a uniform distribution that takes values in the range 0 to CW[AC].
- each EDCAF For each EDCAF, at a predefined slot boundary, EDCAF operations are performed on the primary channel.
- each EDCAF decides to perform only one of the following functions: i) decrement a backoff counter, ii) initialize a TXOP, iii) decide not to transmit and invoke the backoff procedure, iv) invoke the backoff procedure due to an internal collision, or v) perform no action.
- each EDCAF decrements the backoff counter.
- the STA does one of the following:
- the STA transmits a 160MHz or 80+80MHz mask PPDU.
- the STA transmits an 80MHz mask PPDU on the primary 80MHz channel.
- STA transmits a 20MHz mask PPDU on the primary 20MHz channel.
- the STA transmits TVHT_4W or TVHT_2W+2W mask PPDU.
- the STA transmits a TVHT_2W or TVHT_W+W mask PPDU.
- STA transmits TVHT_W mask PPDU on primary TVHT_W channel.
- the STA transmits an 80MHz HE MU PPDU in which the only punctured subchannel in the preamble is the secondary 20MHz channel.
- the STA transmits an 80MHz HE MU PPDU where the only punctured subchannel in the preamble is one of the two 20MHz subchannels in the secondary 20MHz channel.
- the STA transmits a 160MHz or 80+80MHz HE MU PPDU, where the punctured subchannels in the preamble are the secondary 20MHz channel and 0 to 2 of the 20MHz subchannels of the secondary 80MHz channel.
- the STA transmits a 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz HE MU PPDU, where the punctured subchannels in the preamble are zero, one, or two 20 MHz subchannels in the secondary 40 MHz channel and zero to two 20 MHz subchannels in the secondary 80 MHz channel.
- At least one 20MHz subchannel is punctured. If two of the 20MHz subchannels of the secondary 80MHz channel are punctured, this corresponds to the lower two or upper two. For a 160MHz preamble, no more than two adjacent 20MHz subchannels are punctured throughout the entire preamble.
- IDLE medium may mean an IDLE primary channel.
- BUSY medium may mean a BUSY primary channel.
- Channel IDLE during the PIFS period may mean that the CCA for that channel is determined to be in the IDLE state whenever a CCA is sampled during the PIFS period that ends at the start of transmission.
- STAs supporting multiple NAVs update their NAVs.
- the duration information is indicated by the frame as follows:
- duration information is indicated in the Duration field.
- the duration information is equal to the time (in microseconds) required to transmit one ACK frame and one SIFS according to the data rate selection rule.
- An STA that receives at least one frame from a PSDU can update its NAV with information in a valid Duration field of the PSDU.
- the STA does not update its NAV.
- the STA does not update its NAV.
- the STA updates its NAV when the received Duration is greater than the STA's current NAV value.
- the STA When the STA receives information that the NAV is greater than the STA's current NAV value, the STA updates the NAV to the new NAV value.
- the information can be received in the Duration field of NDP CTS, NDP ACK, and S1G beacon frames.
- An AP that is not a TXOP holder updates the NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU if all of the following conditions are met, and does not update the NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION if any of the following conditions is not met.
- the AP does not receive frames containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- An AP that is a TXOP holder updates NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU if all of the following conditions are met, and does not update NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION if any of the following conditions is not met.
- the AP does not receive frames containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- Non-AP STAs can maintain two NAVs, and APs can maintain two NAVs: intra-BSS NAV and basic NAV.
- the intra-BSS NAV is updated by intra-BSS PPDU.
- the basic NAV is updated by inter-BSS PPDU, or PPDU that cannot be classified as inter-BSS or inter-BSS.
- the STA updates the intra-BSS NAV with the duration information indicated by the received frame of the PSDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- the frame is identified as inter-BSS.
- the indicated duration is greater than the current intra-BSS NAV value.
- the RA of the received frame is not the MAC address of the STA.
- the STA is not a TXOP holder and the PPDU carrying the frame does not contain a frame requesting an immediate response from the STA.
- the STA is not a TXOP holder and the received frame is a trigger frame.
- the STA updates the basic NAV with the duration information indicated by the received frame of the PSDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- the frame is identified as inter-BSS or cannot be identified as inter-BSS or inter-BSS.
- the RA of the received frame is not the MAC address of the STA.
- An STA that is not a TXOP holder updates the intra-BSS NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- the PPDU conveying information about the RXVECTOR parameter is identified as Intra-BSS.
- ⁇ STA does not receive a frame containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION is greater than the STA’s current Intra-BSS NAV.
- An STA updates the basic NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- a PPDU conveying information about the RXVECTOR parameter is identified as inter-BSS or cannot be identified as inter-BSS or inter-BSS.
- ⁇ STA does not receive a frame containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION is greater than the basic NAV of the current STA.
- FIG. 8 illustrates EDCA parameter set elements in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the EDCA parameter set element is used by the AP to set policies (by changing the default MIB attribute values) and to change policies when accepting new STAs or new traffic, or to adapt to changes in the offered load.
- the most recent EDCA parameter set element received by the STA is used to update the appropriate management information base (MIB) values.
- MIB management information base
- the EDCA parameter set element is composed of an Element ID field, a Length field, a QoS Info field, an EDCA Information Update field, an AC_BE Parameter Record field, an AC_BK Parameter Record field, an AC_VI Parameter Record field, and an AC_VO Parameter Record field.
- AC_BE stands for best effort
- AC_BK for background
- AC_VI for video
- AC_VO for voice
- the Element ID field indicates the identifier of the element
- the Length field indicates the number of octets in the element, excluding the Element ID and Length fields.
- the QoS Info field contains capability information bits, the contents of which vary depending on whether the STA is contained within an AP.
- the Update EDCA Info field includes an Override field that indicates whether the corresponding EDCA parameter set element overrides previously stored EDCA parameters, and a PS-Poll ACI (access category index) field that informs the STA of the access category for transmitting the PS-Poll frame.
- an Override field that indicates whether the corresponding EDCA parameter set element overrides previously stored EDCA parameters
- PS-Poll ACI access category index
- each field includes an ACI (access category index)/AIFSN (arbitration interframe space number) subfield, an ECWmin/ECWmax subfield, and a TXOP limit subfield.
- the ACI/AIFSN field contains i) an arbitration interframe space number (AIFSN) subfield indicating the number of slots after a SIFS that an STA will delay before invoking backoff or starting transmission, ii) an admission control mandatory (ACM) subfield indicating whether admission control is required for the access category, and iii) an ACI subfield indicating an access category index (ACI) value.
- ACI subfield refers to the access category to which all parameters in this record correspond.
- the TXOP limit subfield specifies an unsigned integer in units of TXOP.
- the TXOP limit is advertised by the AP through this subfield, and the TXOP holder must ensure that the TXOP duration does not exceed the TXOP limit if the TXOP duration is not zero.
- FIG. 9 illustrates MU EDCA parameter set elements in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the MU EDCA parameter set element is used by the AP to control the usage of EDCA by non-AP STAs following a particular UL MU TB PPDU transmission.
- the most recent MU EDCA parameter set element received by a non-AP STA is used to update the appropriate MIB values.
- the MU EDCA parameter set element is composed of an Element ID field, a Length field, an Element ID Extension field, a QoS Info field, an MU AC_BE Parameter Record field, an MU AC_BK Parameter Record field, an MU AC_VI Parameter Record field, and an MU AC_VO Parameter Record field.
- the Element ID field and the Element ID Extension field indicate the identifier of the element, and the Length field indicates the number of octets in the element excluding the Element ID and Length fields.
- the QoS Info field contains capability information bits, the contents of which vary depending on whether the STA is contained within an AP.
- each field includes an ACI/AIFSN subfield, an ECWmin/ECWmax subfield, and an MU EDCA Timer subfield.
- the MU EDCA Timer subfield indicates the period during which the STA uses the MU EDCA parameters for that AC.
- Channel access defined in the current 802.11 standard is performed based on the primary channel. That is, an STA can transmit a frame on a medium including the primary channel and an IDLE secondary channel only when the primary channel is in an IDLE state and the back-off counter (BC) is 0.
- all STAs perform CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) with the primary channel as a priority.
- the AP announces the primary channel of the BSS, and the primary channel is always included in the channel used to transmit management frames such as beacon frames and probe response frames.
- This mechanism can achieve the effect of performing frame exchanges between all STAs and APs without interference. In other words, it is effective for frame protection.
- the STA cannot access the secondary channel that is IDLE, so it is inefficient from the perspective of medium use.
- a primary channel may mean a common channel of operation for all STAs that are members of a BSS.
- the primary channel may be a primary 20 MHz channel.
- a secondary channel may mean one or more channels linked to a primary channel that are used to create a wider channel than the primary channel.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a channel access operation in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- Figure 10 illustrates channel access based on the primary channel in a bandwidth of 80 MHz.
- the primary channel and the secondary channel are referred to as follows, as in FIG. 10.
- secondary 20MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 40MHz, it means the secondary channel of 20MHz excluding P20. In other words, it means the secondary channel of 20MHz adjacent to P20)
- secondary 40MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 80MHz, it refers to the secondary channel of 40MHz excluding P20+S20)
- secondary 80MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 160MHz, it means the secondary channel of 80MHz excluding P20+S20+S40)
- secondary 160MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 320MHz, it refers to the remaining 160MHz secondary channel excluding P20+S20+S40+S80)
- secondary 320MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 640MHz, it refers to the secondary channel of 320MHz excluding P20+S20+S40+S80+S160)
- the STA does not decrease the back-off counter (BC) and waits until it is IDLE.
- the STA checks the channel status of S20 and S40 (i.e., CCA) and transmits a frame on the IDLE channel. Since the example of Fig. 10 assumes the case where S40 is BUSY, the STA transmits a frame corresponding to a 40MHz PPDU through P20 and S20.
- secondary channel access means that an STA accesses a secondary channel (i.e., a medium on the secondary channel) while the primary channel (i.e., a medium on the primary channel) is BUSY (e.g., due to OBSS traffic or other circumstances).
- an AP or a non-AP STA may determine that the primary channel is BUSY based on physical carrier sensing and/or virtual carrier sensing and/or NAV setting.
- the term secondary channel is used to collectively refer to one or more channels other than the primary channel, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and may also be referred to as a non-primary channel.
- the secondary channel access may be referred to as non-primary channel access (NPCA).
- STA in this disclosure may be used to mean an AP STA or a non-AP STA.
- a capability of an STA for secondary channel access can be defined.
- an STA and an AP can exchange (i.e., inform each other of their capability) whether they support SCA capability and/or whether SCA is enabled.
- the capability of SCA can be determined based on whether a first type CCA (i.e., referred to as preamble detection (PD)) capable of identifying a wireless LAN frame performed on a primary channel (PCH) can be performed on a secondary channel (SCH), i.e., whether a frame can be decoded on the SCH.
- PD preamble detection
- PCH primary channel
- SCH secondary channel
- the STA can also set a NAV (e.g., an intra-BSS NAV or a basic NAV) on the SCH.
- NAV e.g., an intra-BSS NAV or a basic NAV
- An STA having the capability of level 0 can perform only Type 2 CCA on the SCH as before, and cannot perform Type 1 CCA (i.e., No Back-off on SCH). That is, an STA having the capability of level 0 can perform only Type 2 CCA, including CCA capable of detecting a wireless LAN signal on the SCH (i.e., referred to as guard interval detection (GID)) and CCA capable of detecting a signal above a specific intensity (i.e., referred to as energy detection (ED)).
- GID guard interval detection
- ED energy detection
- An STA with level 1 capability can perform PD, which is the first type CCA, on only one SCH at a time (i.e., Back-off on a SCH at a time). In other words, an STA with level 1 capability cannot perform the first CCA on multiple SCHs simultaneously.
- An STA having level 2 capability can perform PD, which is the first type CCA, on more than one SCH at the same time (i.e., Back-off on SCHs at the same time).
- PD which is the first type CCA
- an STA having level 2 capability can perform the first CCA on multiple SCHs at the same time.
- capabilities can be transmitted by being included in fields/elements within a frame (e.g., UHR capability elements/information elements (IEs)).
- IEs UHR capability elements/information elements
- an AP can transmit capabilities by including them in a beacon frame, a probe response frame, a (re)association request frame, etc.
- a non-AP STA can transmit capabilities by including them in a probe request frame, a (re)association request frame, etc.
- An STA can set (i.e., maintain/update) two NAVs: a basic NAV and an intra-BSS NAV.
- the basic NAV can be updated based on a PPDU identified as an inter-BSS PPDU, or based on a PPDU that cannot be identified as either an inter-BSS PPDU or an intra-BSS PPDU.
- the intra-BSS NAV can be updated based on a PPDU identified as an intra-BSS PPDU.
- the intra-BSS PPDU and inter-BSS PPDU can be distinguished based on the operations defined in the wireless LAN standard.
- TXOP transmission opportunity
- other STAs set intra-BSS NAV based on the primary channel.
- Tx transmission
- the AP performs transmission (Tx: transmission) (e.g., DL data, ACK (acknowledgement), etc.)
- Tx transmission
- the AP does not receive it (i.e., the frame transmitted from the STA to the AP on the SCH).
- STA can perform SCA only when a Basic NAV from a BSS other than its own BSS (i.e., an overlapping BSS (OBSS)) is set in the PCH.
- OBSS overlapping BSS
- STA can perform SCA when Basic NAV is set in PCH.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a basic procedure of secondary channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the STA can transmit a frame through i) P20 and ii) one or more SCHs that are IDLE, depending on whether one or more SCHs are IDLE/BUSY.
- - STA can perform back-off on one or more SCHs when P20 is BUSY.
- the channel may be determined as IDLE as a result of CCA for a predetermined short period of time (e.g., 1 slot).
- a predetermined short period of time e.g. 1 slot.
- the STA may not perform a back-off in the SCH.
- the STA may perform the second type of CCA for other SCH(s) other than one or more SCHs that performed the back-off when the back-off counter becomes 0.
- the STA may perform CCA for other SCH(s) other than the SCH that performed the back-off during a certain period of time (e.g., PIFS (priority interframe space)) before the time when the back-off counter becomes 0 for the SCH that performed the back-off, to determine whether the channel is IDLE or BUSY.
- PIFS priority interframe space
- the STA can transmit frames on a channel that includes one or more SCHs that are IDLE and one or more SCHs that have performed back-off.
- Fig. 11 an example is given where STA performs back-off from S20 when P20 is BUSY.
- STA performs back-off from S20 when P20 is BUSY.
- both 20MHz channels of S40 are IDLE. Therefore, in this case, STA can transmit an 80MHz PPDU (including MAC frame) including signaling/information that P20 is punctured.
- STA Since STA basically has to perform CCA for P20 when basic NAV on P20 expires, STA can set the end time of TXOP so that TXOP on SCH ends before the time when basic NAV on P20 expires.
- the STA cannot receive the frame because a legacy STA, etc. can transmit a frame through the P20 after the basic NAV set for the STA (i.e., because the frame transmission is performed on the SCH).
- the target beacon transmission time (TBTT) is set in the middle of the basic NAV, a problem may arise because the AP must prepare to transmit a beacon immediately after the basic NAV, and a non-AP STA may also not receive the beacon that the AP is supposed to transmit on time and wait for more time than the scheduled time. Therefore, by setting the end time of the TXOP on the SCH so that the TXOP on the SCH ends before the time when the basic NAV on the P20 expires, the STA can perform normal frame exchange on the P20.
- the STA may not transmit the frame on SCH.
- the STA may not transmit the frame.
- the STA when performing a back-off at S20 as in the example of Fig. 11 and setting a TXOP for the SCH by making the back-off counter 0, the STA can set the TXOP for the SCH to end earlier than the time at which the basic NAV at P20 ends.
- This disclosure proposes a method for setting a backoff operation for SCA.
- the channel access parameter set is mainly described by using the EDCA Parameter Set as an example, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
- Channel access parameters can be set for SCA by reusing parameters defined in the existing channel access parameter format defined for PCH.
- a backoff counter (BC) for SCA can be set using parameters defined in the MU EDCA Parameter Set IE (see Figure 9).
- BC for SCA can be set based on the contention window (CW) defined in the MU EDCA Parameter Set IE.
- the MU EDCA Parameter Set can have a longer contention window compared to the EDCA Parameter Set, it can have a lower priority. That is, since the SCH of the BSS where the STA is operating can be the PCH of another BSS, the priority for SCA can be lowered by setting BC using the MU EDCA Parameter Set IE for SCA.
- Option 2 For SCH, separate channel access parameters can be set from those for PCH. That is, a new backoff counter (BC) for SCA can be defined. Since PCH and SCH may have different current channel conditions, a new BC for SCH can be defined separately from the BC for PCH, and the BC can be selected as a contention window (CW) is defined for SCH based on the access category (AC) suitable for the channel condition. Therefore, the AP needs to announce a new EDCA Parameter set. However, the implementation complexity such as memory/overhead for maintaining and announcing additional EDCA Parameters for SCA may increase.
- the EDCA Parameter set for SCA i.e. SCH
- SCA SCA Parameter set for SCA
- Channel access parameters for SCA can be set individually for each AC.
- an EDCA Parameter Set IE (or element) format that is considered for all ACs as before can be reused (but the format is reused but defined separately for SCH), and an EDCA Parameter set IE (or element) for the secondary channel can be defined.
- the AP can announce an additional EDCA Parameter set for SCA (i.e., separate from the EDCA Parameter set for PCH) based on that format.
- the EDCA Parameter Set (IE/element) defined for the secondary channel is referred to as the SCA EDCA Parameter set (IE/element) to distinguish it from the EDCA Parameter set (IE/element) for the PCH.
- SCA EDCA Parameter set IE/element
- IE/element secondary channel EDCA Parameter set
- An STA may store the SCA EDCA Parameter set for the most recently received SCH via a frame (e.g., a Beacon, etc.) and use these parameters during SCA. For example, an STA may select BC based on CW for each AC. Additionally or alternatively, one or more fields of an EDCA Parameter Set IE (or element) may be announced by including them in another new IE (or element).
- a frame e.g., a Beacon, etc.
- traffic that needs to be transmitted urgently during SCA e.g., traffic requiring low latency
- the backoff counter (BC) for the SCH can be selected based on the access category (AC) and contention window (CW) of the existing PCH. That is, for example, the backoff counter (BC) can be selected based on the parameters of the EDCA Parameter Set IE of Fig. 8. This can reduce the complexity in terms of implementation because no additional EDCA parameter set for the SCA is maintained. However, for example, if the channel condition at P20 is bad and the CW has a high value, an inappropriate CW may be applied even if the channel condition at S20 is good.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a backoff operation according to an SCA EDCA parameter set according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 12 illustrates a backoff operation when the SCA EDCA Parameter Set IE (or element) is used according to Option 2 described above.
- the SCA EDCA Parameter Set IE (or element) can be announced from the AP in a beacon, probe response frame, etc.
- the STA can select a backoff counter (BC) for each AC based on the announced SCA EDCA Parameter Set.
- BC backoff counter
- FIG. 13 illustrates a backoff operation according to an SCA EDCA parameter set according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Figure 13 illustrates a backoff operation when the SCA EDCA Parameter Set IE (or element) is used according to Option 2 described above.
- the SCA EDCA Parameter Set IE (or element) can be announced from the AP in a beacon, probe response frame, etc.
- the STA can select a backoff counter (BC) for each AC based on the announced SCA EDCA Parameter Set.
- BC backoff counter
- Fig. 13 it is assumed that STA selects backoff counter (BC) as 7 in [0, 15] based on CWmin 15. Therefore, STA can transmit frames containing selected traffic without considering AC when BC becomes 0 (expires). For example, urgent low latency traffic can be transmitted first regardless of AC.
- BC backoff counter
- FIG. 14 illustrates the operation of a station device for a secondary channel access method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 14 illustrates the operation of a STA device based on the previously proposed methods.
- the example in Fig. 14 is provided for convenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Some of the step(s) illustrated in Fig. 14 may be omitted depending on the situation and/or setting.
- the STA operates as a transmitting device and the AP operates as a receiving device.
- a capability supporting secondary channel access operation can be defined (e.g., level 1, 2), in which case, the STA and AP of FIG. 14 are assumed to be STAs and APs having a capability supporting secondary channel access operation.
- the STA receives a set of channel access parameters for a secondary channel (S1401).
- the STA can receive a set of channel access parameters for the secondary channel from the AP through a beacon frame or a probe response frame.
- the channel access parameters for a secondary channel can be an EDCA parameter set.
- the STA performs a back-off process on one or more secondary channels based on the NAV (network allocation vector) set for the primary channel (S1402).
- NAV network allocation vector
- the STA performing a back-off process on the first one or more secondary channels may mean decrementing a back-off counter.
- the NAV for the primary channel may be set based on a PPDU other than an intra-BSS PPDU (e.g., i) an inter-BSS PPDU or ii) a PPDU that is not classified as either an intra-BSS PPDU or an inter-BSS PPDU).
- a PPDU other than an intra-BSS PPDU e.g., i) an inter-BSS PPDU or ii) a PPDU that is not classified as either an intra-BSS PPDU or an inter-BSS PPDU.
- the STA Based on expiration of a back-off counter for one or more of the first secondary channels, the STA transmits a frame on one or more of the second secondary channels (S1403).
- expiration of the backoff counter can mean that the value of the backoff counter becomes 0 as the value of the backoff counter is decreased.
- the second one or more secondary channels may include the first one or more secondary channels. Additionally, the frame may include information about the punctured primary channel.
- a CW value may be set for each AC by a channel access parameter set for the secondary channel.
- the value of the backoff counter may be determined based on the CW value set for the AC of the traffic included in the frame.
- traffic for the AC whose backoff counter expires first may be included in the frame and transmitted.
- a CW value may be commonly set for AC by a channel access parameter set for the secondary channel.
- the value of the backoff counter may be determined based on the set CW value, regardless of the AC of the traffic included in the frame.
- traffic selected by the STA e.g., low-latency traffic
- the AP can receive frames from the STA on one or more secondary channels through SCA.
- NAV network allocation vector
- an STA transmits a frame
- an AP receives a frame
- the PPDU may be composed of a legacy part, a SIG part (e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.), an STF part (e.g., UHR-STF), an LTF part (e.g., UHR-LTF), and a data part.
- a SIG part e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.
- an STF part e.g., UHR-STF
- an LTF part e.g., UHR-LTF
- All or part of any part may be divided into multiple sub-parts/sub-fields.
- Each field (and its sub-fields) may be transmitted in units of 4us * N (N is an integer).
- a guard interval may be included.
- the subfields of the signal part may be placed before the STF part, and the remaining subfields of the SIG part may be placed after the STF part.
- the legacy portion described above may include at least one of a conventional L-STF (Non-HT Short Training Field), L-LTF (Non-HT Long Training Field), and L-SIG (Non-HT Signal Field).
- L-STF Non-HT Short Training Field
- L-LTF Non-HT Long Training Field
- L-SIG Non-HT Signal Field
- the above-mentioned SIG-part may include various control information for the transmitted PPDU.
- it may include the STF-part, the LTF-part, and control information for decoding data.
- the above-described STF portion may contain an STF sequence.
- the above-described LTF portion may include a training field (i.e., an LTF sequence) for channel estimation.
- a training field i.e., an LTF sequence
- the data portion described above contains user data and may contain packets for upper layers. That is, MPDUs (i.e., frames) may be included in the data portion.
- MPDUs i.e., frames
- the method described in the example of FIG. 14 may be performed by the first device (100) of FIG. 1.
- one or more processors (102) of the first device (100) of FIG. 1 may be configured to receive channel access parameters for a secondary channel via the transceiver(s) (106) and transmit a frame on the one or more secondary channels.
- one or more processors (102) of the first device (100) of FIG. 1 may be configured to determine a backoff counter value for the secondary channel based on the received channel access parameters and perform a backoff process on the secondary channel.
- one or more memories (104) of the first device (100) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 14 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (102).
- FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of an access point device for a secondary channel access method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 15 illustrates the operation of an AP device based on the previously proposed methods.
- the example in Fig. 15 is provided for convenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Some of the step(s) illustrated in Fig. 15 may be omitted depending on the situation and/or setting.
- the AP operates as a transmitter and the STA operates as a receiver.
- a capability supporting secondary channel access operation can be defined (e.g., level 1, 2), in which case, the AP and STA of FIG. 15 are assumed to be APs and STAs having a capability supporting secondary channel access operation.
- the AP transmits a set of channel access parameters for a secondary channel (S1501).
- the AP can transmit a set of channel access parameters for the secondary channel to the STA through a beacon frame or a probe response frame.
- the channel access parameters for a secondary channel can be an EDCA parameter set.
- the AP performs a back-off process on one or more secondary channels based on the network allocation vector (NAV) set for the primary channel (S1502).
- NAV network allocation vector
- the AP performing a back-off process on one or more of the first secondary channels may mean decrementing a back-off counter.
- the NAV for the primary channel may be set based on a PPDU other than an intra-BSS PPDU (e.g., i) an inter-BSS PPDU or ii) a PPDU that is not classified as either an intra-BSS PPDU or an inter-BSS PPDU).
- a PPDU other than an intra-BSS PPDU e.g., i) an inter-BSS PPDU or ii) a PPDU that is not classified as either an intra-BSS PPDU or an inter-BSS PPDU.
- the AP Based on expiration of a back-off counter for one or more of the first secondary channels, the AP transmits a frame on one or more of the second secondary channels (S1403).
- expiration of the backoff counter can mean that the value of the backoff counter becomes 0 as the value of the backoff counter is decreased.
- the second one or more secondary channels may include the first one or more secondary channels. Additionally, the frame may include information about the punctured primary channel.
- a CW value may be set for each AC by a channel access parameter set for the secondary channel.
- the value of the backoff counter may be determined based on the CW value set for the AC of the traffic included in the frame.
- traffic for the AC whose backoff counter expires first may be included in the frame and transmitted.
- a CW value may be commonly set for AC by a channel access parameter set for the secondary channel.
- the value of the backoff counter may be determined based on the set CW value, regardless of the AC of the traffic included in the frame.
- traffic selected by the AP e.g., low-latency traffic
- the STA can receive frames from the AP on one or more secondary channels through SCA.
- NAV network allocation vector
- an AP transmits a frame
- an STA receives a frame
- the PPDU may be composed of a legacy part, a SIG part (e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.), an STF part (e.g., UHR-STF), an LTF part (e.g., UHR-LTF), and a data part.
- a SIG part e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.
- an STF part e.g., UHR-STF
- an LTF part e.g., UHR-LTF
- All or part of any part may be divided into multiple sub-parts/sub-fields.
- Each field (and its sub-fields) may be transmitted in units of 4us * N (N is an integer).
- a guard interval may be included.
- the subfields of the signal part may be placed before the STF part, and the remaining subfields of the SIG part may be placed after the STF part.
- the legacy portion described above may include at least one of a conventional L-STF (Non-HT Short Training Field), L-LTF (Non-HT Long Training Field), and L-SIG (Non-HT Signal Field).
- L-STF Non-HT Short Training Field
- L-LTF Non-HT Long Training Field
- L-SIG Non-HT Signal Field
- the above-mentioned SIG-part may include various control information for the transmitted PPDU.
- it may include the STF-part, the LTF-part, and control information for decoding data.
- the above-described STF portion may contain an STF sequence.
- the above-described LTF portion may include a training field (i.e., an LTF sequence) for channel estimation.
- a training field i.e., an LTF sequence
- the data portion described above contains user data and may contain packets for upper layers. That is, MPDUs (i.e., frames) may be included in the data portion.
- MPDUs i.e., frames
- the method described in the example of FIG. 15 may be performed by the second device (200) of FIG. 1.
- one or more processors (202) of the second device (200) of FIG. 1 may be configured to transmit channel access parameters for a secondary channel via the transceiver(s) (206) and to transmit frames on the one or more secondary channels.
- one or more processors (202) of the second device (200) of FIG. 1 may be configured to determine a backoff counter value for the secondary channel based on the received channel access parameters and to perform a backoff process on the secondary channel.
- one or more memories (204) of the second device (200) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 15 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (202).
- the STA cannot use the secondary channel.
- the secondary channel access method according to the examples of the present disclosure, even if the medium for the primary channel is in a BUSY state, the medium for the secondary channel can be used, so that the efficiency of medium use can be improved.
- the channel access parameters for the SCH are set, the effect that the SCA operation can be smoothly performed can be achieved.
- the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer.
- Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on/in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure.
- the storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.
- the memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s).
- the memory or alternatively the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
- the features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and/or firmware stored on any one of the machine-readable media to control the hardware of the processing system and to allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
- Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments/containers.
- the method proposed in this disclosure has been described with a focus on examples applied to IEEE 802.11-based systems, but can be applied to various wireless LANs or wireless communication systems in addition to IEEE 802.11-based systems.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 무선랜 시스템에서 스테이션(STA: station)에 의해서 수행되는 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은:세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트를 수신하는 단계;프라이머리 채널에 대한 NAV(network allocation vector)가 설정됨에 기반하여, 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 백오프(back-off) 과정을 수행하는 단계; 및상기 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널에 대한 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)가 만료됨에 기반하여, 제2의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)의 값은 상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트에 기반하여 결정되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 프라이머리 채널에 대한 NAV는 인트라 기본 서비스 세트(BSS: basic service set) PPDU(physical layer protocol data unit)가 아닌 PPDU에 기반하여 설정되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트에 의해 액세스 카테고리(AC: access category) 별로 경쟁 윈도우(CW: contention window) 값이 설정되는, 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 프레임에 포함되는 트래픽의 AC에 대해 설정된 CW 값에 기반하여, 상기 백오프 카운터의 값이 결정되는, 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,서로 다른 AC에 대한 트래픽이 전송을 위해 대기(queue)됨에 기반하여, 백오프 카운터가 먼저 만료되는 AC에 대한 트래픽이 상기 프레임에 포함되어 전송되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트에 의해 액세스 카테고리(AC: access category)에 공통적으로 경쟁 윈도우(CW: contention window) 값이 설정되는, 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 프레임에 포함되는 트래픽의 AC와 무관하게, 상기 설정된 CW 값에 기반하여 상기 백오프 카운터의 값이 결정되는, 방법.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 백오프 카운터가 만료됨에 기반하여, 상기 STA에 의해 선택된 트래픽이 상기 프레임에 포함되어 전송되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트는 액세스 포인트(AP: access point)로부터 비콘(beacon) 프레임 또는 프로브 응답(probe response) 프레임을 통해 수신되는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트는 향상된 분산된 채널 액세스(EDCA: enhanced distributed channel access) 파라미터 세트인, 방법.
- 무선랜 시스템에서의 스테이션(STA: station) 장치에 있어서, 상기 장치는:하나 이상의 송수신기; 및상기 하나 이상의 송수신기와 연결된 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는:액세스 포인트(AP: access point)로부터 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트를 수신하고,프라이머리 채널에 대한 NAV(network allocation vector)가 설정됨에 기반하여, 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 백오프(back-off) 과정을 수행하고, 및상기 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널에 대한 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)가 만료됨에 기반하여, 제2의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 프레임을 전송하도록 설정되고,상기 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)의 값은 상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트에 기반하여 결정되는, 장치.
- 무선랜 시스템에서 액세스 포인트(AP: access point)에 의해서 수행되는 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은:세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트를 전송하는 단계; 및프라이머리 채널에 대한 NAV(network allocation vector)가 설정됨에 기반하여, 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 백오프(back-off) 과정을 수행하는 단계; 및상기 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널에 대한 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)가 만료됨에 기반하여, 제2의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)의 값은 상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트에 기반하여 결정되는, 방법.
- 무선랜 시스템에서의 액세스 포인트(AP: access point) 장치에 있어서, 상기 장치는:하나 이상의 송수신기; 및상기 하나 이상의 송수신기와 연결된 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는:스테이션(STA: station)에게 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트를 전송하고,프라이머리 채널에 대한 NAV(network allocation vector)가 설정됨에 기반하여, 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 백오프(back-off) 과정을 수행하고, 및상기 제1의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널에 대한 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)가 만료됨에 기반하여, 제2의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널 상에서 프레임을 전송하도록 설정되고,상기 백오프 카운터(back-off counter)의 값은 상기 세컨더리 채널에 대한 채널 액세스 파라미터 세트에 기반하여 결정되는, 장치.
- 무선랜 시스템에서 스테이션(STA: station)을 제어하도록 설정되는 프로세싱 장치에 있어서, 상기 프로세싱 장치는:하나 이상의 프로세서; 및상기 하나 이상의 프로세서에 동작 가능하게 연결되고, 상기 하나 이상의 프로세서에 의해 실행됨에 기반하여, 제1항 내지 제10항 중의 어느 하나의 항에 따른 방법을 수행하는 명령들을 저장하는 하나 이상의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하는, 프로세싱 장치.
- 하나 이상의 명령을 저장하는 하나 이상의 비-일시적(non-transitory) 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체로서,상기 하나 이상의 명령은 하나 이상의 프로세서에 의해서 실행되어, 무선랜 시스템에서 장치가 제1항 내지 제10항 중의 어느 하나의 항에 따른 방법을 수행하도록 제어하는, 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체.
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| EP24819548.9A EP4727250A1 (en) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-03 | Method and apparatus for accessing secondary channel in wireless lan system |
| KR1020257041057A KR20260016500A (ko) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-03 | 무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스 방법 및 장치 |
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| US20210266960A1 (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Transmission With Partial Bandwidth Spectrum Reuse In Wireless Communications |
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| KR20230023790A (ko) * | 2020-06-18 | 2023-02-17 | 후아웨이 테크놀러지 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 멀티 링크 디바이스의 채널 접근 방법 및 관련 장치 |
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2024
- 2024-06-03 WO PCT/KR2024/007572 patent/WO2024253397A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-03 EP EP24819548.9A patent/EP4727250A1/en active Pending
- 2024-06-03 KR KR1020257041057A patent/KR20260016500A/ko active Pending
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| KR20260016500A (ko) | 2026-02-03 |
| EP4727250A1 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
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