WO2024253396A1 - 무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스를 위한 nav 정보 공유 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스를 위한 nav 정보 공유 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024253396A1 WO2024253396A1 PCT/KR2024/007570 KR2024007570W WO2024253396A1 WO 2024253396 A1 WO2024253396 A1 WO 2024253396A1 KR 2024007570 W KR2024007570 W KR 2024007570W WO 2024253396 A1 WO2024253396 A1 WO 2024253396A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/15—Setup of multiple wireless link connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
- H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Definitions
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a backoff process to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- Figure 10 exemplarily shows the structure of an ML element to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a NAV sharing method using a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN system.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac/ax/be standards.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on a newly proposed IEEE 802.11bn (or UHR) standard.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a wireless LAN based on a next-generation standard after IEEE 802.11bn.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied to a cellular wireless communication system based on a Long Term Evolution (LTE) series technology of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard and a New Radio (5G NR) series technology.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
- 5G NR New Radio
- downlink means a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU/packet/signal, etc. can be transmitted and received through the downlink.
- a transmitter may be part of an AP STA, and a receiver may be part of a non-AP STA.
- Uplink (UL) means a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU/packet/signal, etc. can be transmitted and received through the uplink.
- a transmitter may be part of a non-AP STA, and a receiver may be part of an AP STA.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an exemplary structure of a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- a wireless LAN supporting transparent STA mobility to a higher layer can be provided through the interaction of multiple components.
- a BSS Basic Service Set
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which two BSSs (BSS1 and BSS2) exist and two STAs are included as members of each BSS (STA1 and STA2 are included in BSS1, and STA3 and STA4 are included in BSS2).
- An ellipse representing a BSS in FIG. 2 can also be understood as representing a coverage area in which STAs included in the corresponding BSS maintain communication. This area can be referred to as a BSA (Basic Service Area). If an STA moves out of the BSA, it cannot directly communicate with other STAs within the corresponding BSA.
- BSA Basic Service Area
- an IBSS can have a minimal form consisting of only two STAs.
- BSS1 consisting of only STA1 and STA2
- BSS2 consisting of only STA3 and STA4
- This configuration is possible when STAs can communicate directly without an AP.
- a LAN can be configured when needed rather than being planned in advance, and this can be called an ad-hoc network.
- an IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity that performs management functions. That is, in an IBSS, STAs are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs can be mobile STAs, and access to distributed systems (DS) is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.
- DS distributed systems
- the direct STA-to-STA distance may be limited by the PHY performance. In some cases, this distance limitation may be sufficient, but in some cases, communication between STAs over longer distances may be required.
- a distributed system may be configured.
- a DS can support mobile devices by providing seamless integration of multiple BSSs and providing logical services necessary to handle addresses to destinations.
- a DS can further include a component called a portal that acts as a bridge for connecting wireless LANs to other networks (e.g., IEEE 802.X).
- An AP is an entity that enables access to a DS through a WM for associated non-AP STAs, and also has the functionality of an STA. Data movement between a BSS and a DS can be performed through an AP.
- STA2 and STA3 illustrated in FIG. 2 have the functionality of an STA, and provide a function that allows associated non-AP STAs (STA1 and STA4) to access the DS.
- all APs are basically STAs, all APs are addressable entities.
- the address used by an AP for communication on a WM and the address used by an AP for communication on a DSM need not necessarily be the same.
- a BSS consisting of an AP and one or more STAs can be called an infrastructure BSS.
- an Extended Service Set may be established to provide wider coverage.
- the link setup process may also be referred to as a session initiation process or a session setup process.
- the discovery, authentication, association, and security setup processes of the link setup process may be collectively referred to as the association process.
- an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (i.e., transmitting and receiving probe request/response on channel 2) in the same manner.
- the next channel e.g., channel 2
- scanning i.e., transmitting and receiving probe request/response on channel 2
- the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner.
- passive scanning an STA performing scanning moves through channels and waits for a beacon frame.
- a beacon frame is one of the management frames defined in IEEE 802.11, and is periodically transmitted to notify the existence of a wireless network and to enable an STA performing scanning to find a wireless network and participate in the wireless network.
- an AP In a BSS, an AP periodically transmits a beacon frame, and in an IBSS, STAs in the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames.
- an STA performing scanning receives a beacon frame, it stores information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording beacon frame information on each channel.
- step S320 After the STA discovers the network, an authentication process may be performed in step S320.
- This authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below.
- the authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), a Finite Cyclic Group, etc. These are just some examples of information that may be included in an authentication request/response frame, and may be replaced by other information or include additional information.
- RSN Robust Security Network
- the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
- the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the STA based on information included in the received authentication request frame.
- the AP may provide the result of the authentication processing to the STA through an authentication response frame.
- an association process may be performed in step S330.
- the association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA.
- the security setup process of step S340 may include a process of performing private key setup, for example, through 4-way handshaking via an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame. Additionally, the security setup process may be performed according to a security method not defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
- the STA continues to monitor the medium while counting down the backoff slots according to the determined backoff count value. If the medium is monitored as occupied, the countdown stops and waits, and when the medium becomes idle, the remaining countdown is resumed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a CSMA/CA-based frame transmission operation to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- STAs outside the transmission range of either STA1 or STA2, or STAs outside the carrier sensing range for transmission from STA1 or STA3 may not attempt to occupy the channel during data transmission and reception between STA1 and STA2.
- STA1 can determine whether a channel is occupied through carrier sensing.
- STA1 can determine a channel occupied idle state based on energy magnitude or signal correlation detected in the channel.
- STA1 can determine a channel occupied state using a network allocation vector (NAV) timer.
- NAV network allocation vector
- STA3 can set a NAV timer for the subsequently transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + CTS frame + SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame) using the duration information included in the RTS frame.
- STA3 can set a NAV timer for the subsequently transmitted frame transmission period (e.g., SIFS + data frame + SIFS + ACK frame) using the duration information included in the CTS frame.
- STA1 receives a CTS frame from STA2, it can transmit a data frame to STA2 after SIFS from the time when reception of the CTS frame is completed. If STA2 successfully receives the data frame, it can transmit an ACK frame in response to the data frame to STA1 after SIFS.
- STA3 can determine whether the channel is in use through carrier sensing if the NAV timer expires. If STA3 determines that the channel is not in use by other terminals during DIFS after the expiration of the NAV timer, it can attempt channel access after a contention window (CW) following a random backoff has elapsed.
- CW contention window
- FIG. 6 is a drawing for explaining an example of a frame structure used in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the SIG field may include various information related to PPDU transmission and reception.
- the L-SIG field may consist of 24 bits and may include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit Parity field, and a 6-bit Tail field.
- the RATE field may include information about a modulation and coding rate of data.
- the 12-bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU.
- the value of the 12-bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, for a non-HT, HT, VHT, or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3.
- the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.
- the data field may include a SERVICE field, a Physical layer Service Data Unit (PSDU), a PPDU TAIL bit, and, if necessary, padding bits.
- PSDU Physical layer Service Data Unit
- PPDU TAIL bit may be used to return the encoder to the 0 state.
- padding bit may be used to adjust the length of the data field to a predetermined unit.
- the MAC header includes a Frame Control field, a Duration/ID field, an Address field, etc.
- the Frame Control field may include control information required for frame transmission/reception.
- the Duration/ID field may be set to a time for transmitting the corresponding frame, etc.
- the Address subfields may indicate a receiver address, a transmitter address, a destination address, and a source address of the frame, and some Address subfields may be omitted. For specific details of each subfield of the MAC header, including the Sequence Control, QoS Control, and HT Control subfields, refer to the IEEE 802.11 standard document.
- the basic PPDU format (IEEE 802.11a/g) includes L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, and Data fields.
- the basic PPDU format can also be called a non-HT PPDU format (Fig. 7(a)).
- a HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B, and the length of the HE-STF field may vary to 8us.
- a HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU format does not include the HE-SIG-B field, and the length of the HE-SIG-A field may vary to 16us.
- RL-SIG can be configured identically to L-SIG. The receiving STA can know that the received PPDU is a HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU, described later, based on the presence of RL-SIG.
- the EHT TB PPDU of Fig. 7(f) omits EHT-SIG compared to the EHT MU PPDU.
- An STA that has received a trigger for UL MU transmission e.g., a trigger frame or TRS (triggered response scheduling)
- TRS triggered response scheduling
- the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG (Universal SIGNAL), and EHT-SIG fields can be encoded and modulated and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 312.5 kHz) so that even legacy STAs can attempt to demodulate and decode them. These can be referred to as pre-EHT modulated fields.
- the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, Data, and PE fields can be encoded and modulated and mapped based on a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval (e.g., 78.125 kHz) so that they can be demodulated and decoded by an STA that successfully decodes a non-legacy SIG (e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG) and obtains the information included in the corresponding fields.
- a predetermined subcarrier frequency interval e.g., 78.125 kHz
- a non-legacy SIG e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
- EHT modulated fields e.g., U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG
- the U-SIG included in the EHT PPDU format of Fig. 7 can be configured based on, for example, two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols).
- Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG can have a duration of 4us, and the U-SIG can have a total duration of 8us.
- Each symbol of the U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information.
- each symbol of the U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.
- U-SIG can be configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the same U-SIG can be replicated in 20MHz units. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included in an 80MHz PPDU. When the bandwidth exceeds 80MHz, for example, for a 160MHz PPDU, the U-SIG of the first 80MHz unit and the U-SIG of the second 80MHz unit can be different.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier, which may indicate the PHY version (e.g., EHT, UHR, etc.) of the transmitted and received PPDU.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL/DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL/DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
- the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information about the length of a TXOP (transmission opportunity) and information about a BSS color ID.
- the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG may contain information that directly or indirectly indicates the type of the PPDU (e.g., SU PPDU, MU PPDU, TB PPDU, etc.).
- the U-SIG may further include information about bandwidth, information about an MCS technique applied to a non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.), information indicating whether a dual carrier modulation (DCM) technique (e.g., a technique for achieving an effect similar to frequency diversity by reusing the same signal on two subcarriers) is applied to the non-legacy SIG, information about the number of symbols used for the non-legacy SIG, information about whether the non-legacy SIG is generated over the entire band, etc.
- DCM dual carrier modulation
- Some of the information required for PPDU transmission and reception may be included in the U-SIG and/or the non-legacy SIG (e.g., EHT-SIG or UHR-SIG, etc.).
- information about the type of non-legacy LTF/STF e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
- information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., EHT-LTF/EHT-STF or UHR-LTF/UHR-STF, etc.
- information about the length of the non-legacy LTF and the cyclic prefix (CP) length e.g., information about the guard interval (GI) applied to the non-legacy LTF
- information about the preamble puncturing applicable to the PPDU e.g., information about the resource unit (RU) allocation, etc.
- RU resource unit
- Preamble puncturing may mean transmission of a PPDU in which no signal is present in one or more frequency units within the bandwidth of the PPDU.
- the size of the frequency unit (or the resolution of the preamble puncturing) may be defined as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, etc.
- preamble puncturing may be applied to a PPDU bandwidth greater than a predetermined size.
- Non-legacy SIGs such as HE-SIG-B, EHT-SIG, etc.
- HE-SIG-B may contain common fields and user-specific fields. Common fields and user-specific fields may be coded separately.
- the common field may be omitted.
- the common field may be omitted, and multiple STAs may receive a PPDU (e.g., a data field of a PPDU) over the same frequency band.
- a PPDU e.g., a data field of a PPDU
- multiple users may receive a PPDU (e.g., a data field of a PPDU) over different frequency bands.
- the number of user-specific fields can be determined based on the number of users.
- One user block field can include at most two user fields.
- Each user field can be associated with an MU-MIMO allocation or associated with a non-MU-MIMO allocation.
- the common field may include CRC bits and Tail bits, the length of the CRC bits may be determined as 4 bits, the length of the Tail bits may be determined as 6 bits and may be set to 000000.
- the common field may include RU allocation information.
- the RU allocation information may include information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated.
- An RU may include multiple subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA technique. An RU may also be defined when transmitting signals to one STA. Resources may be allocated in RU units for non-legacy STFs, non-legacy LTFs, and Data fields.
- an applicable size of RU can be defined.
- the RU may be defined identically or differently for the applicable PPDU format (e.g., HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, etc.).
- the RU arrangements of HE PPDU and EHT PPDU may be different.
- the applicable RU size, RU number, RU position, DC (direct current) subcarrier position and number, null subcarrier position and number, guard subcarrier position and number, etc. for each PPDU bandwidth can be referred to as a tone plan.
- a tone plan for a wide bandwidth can be defined in the form of multiple repetitions of a tone plan for a low bandwidth.
- RUs of different sizes can be defined, such as 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, 242-tone RU, 484-tone RU, 996-tone RU, 2 ⁇ 996-tone RU, 3 ⁇ 996-tone RU, etc.
- a multiple RU is distinct from multiple individual RUs and corresponds to a group of subcarriers consisting of multiple RUs.
- one MRU can be defined as 52+26-tones, 106+26-tones, 484+242-tones, 996+484-tones, 996+484+242-tones, 2 ⁇ 996+484-tones, 3 ⁇ 996-tones, or 3 ⁇ 996+484-tones.
- multiple RUs constituting one MRU may or may not be consecutive in the frequency domain.
- the specific size of the RU may be reduced or expanded. Therefore, the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones) in the present disclosure is not limited and is exemplary. In addition, within a given bandwidth (e.g., 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 MHz, ...) in the present disclosure, the number of RUs may vary depending on the RU size.
- each field in the PPDU formats of FIG. 7 are exemplary, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited by the names.
- the examples of the present disclosure can be applied not only to the PPDU format exemplified in FIG. 7, but also to a new PPDU format in which some fields are excluded and/or some fields are added based on the PPDU formats of FIG. 7.
- the EDCA channel access protocol adds four independent enhanced distributed channel access functions (EDCAFs) to the DCF procedure to provide differentiated priority to traffic transmitted using four different access categories (ACs).
- EDCAFs enhanced distributed channel access functions
- each EDCAF maintains a MAC variable CW[AC] that is initialized to the value of the parameter CWmin[AC] for the AC of that EDCAF.
- the TXNAV timer is a single timer shared by the EDCAF within an STA, and is initialized to the duration of the Duration/ID field of the most recently successfully transmitted frame by the TXOP holder, excluding PS-Poll frames.
- the TXNAV timer starts counting down from the end of the transmission of the PPDU containing the frame.
- the backoff procedure by EDCAF can be performed when the medium is busy in the primary channel, as indicated by physical carrier sensing (CS), virtual CS, etc.
- CS physical carrier sensing
- CS virtual CS
- EDCA TXOP initiation EDCA TXOP sharing
- multi-frame exchange sequence within EDCA TXOP Initiation of TXOP occurs when an EDCA rule grants access to the medium.
- EDCA TXOP sharing occurs when an EDCAF within an AP supporting DL MU-MIMO gains access to the medium, making that AC the primary AC and including traffic from queues associated with other ACs in the MU PPDUs transmitted during the TXOP.
- Multi-frame exchange sequence(s) within TXOP occur when the EDCAF has the right to access the medium.
- Each EDCAF maintains a backoff counter whose value is measured in backoff slots.
- the backoff counter is set to a randomly selected integer value using a uniform distribution that takes values in the range 0 to CW[AC].
- each EDCAF For each EDCAF, at a predefined slot boundary, EDCAF operations are performed on the primary channel.
- each EDCAF decides to perform only one of the following functions: i) decrement a backoff counter, ii) initialize a TXOP, iii) decide not to transmit and invoke the backoff procedure, iv) invoke the backoff procedure due to an internal collision, or v) perform no action.
- each EDCAF decrements the backoff counter.
- the STA does one of the following:
- the STA transmits a 160MHz or 80+80MHz mask PPDU.
- the STA transmits an 80MHz mask PPDU on the primary 80MHz channel.
- STA transmits a 20MHz mask PPDU on the primary 20MHz channel.
- the STA transmits TVHT_4W or TVHT_2W+2W mask PPDU.
- the STA transmits a TVHT_2W or TVHT_W+W mask PPDU.
- STA transmits TVHT_W mask PPDU on primary TVHT_W channel.
- the STA transmits an 80MHz HE MU PPDU in which the only punctured subchannel in the preamble is the secondary 20MHz channel.
- the STA transmits an 80MHz HE MU PPDU where the only punctured subchannel in the preamble is one of the two 20MHz subchannels in the secondary 20MHz channel.
- the STA transmits a 160MHz or 80+80MHz HE MU PPDU, where the punctured subchannels in the preamble are the secondary 20MHz channel and 0 to 2 of the 20MHz subchannels of the secondary 80MHz channel.
- the STA transmits a 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz HE MU PPDU, where the punctured subchannels in the preamble are zero, one, or two 20 MHz subchannels in the secondary 40 MHz channel and zero to two 20 MHz subchannels in the secondary 80 MHz channel.
- At least one 20MHz subchannel is punctured. If two of the 20MHz subchannels of the secondary 80MHz channel are punctured, this corresponds to the lower two or upper two. For a 160MHz preamble, no more than two adjacent 20MHz subchannels are punctured throughout the entire preamble.
- IDLE medium may mean an IDLE primary channel.
- BUSY medium may mean a BUSY primary channel.
- Channel IDLE during the PIFS period may mean that the CCA for that channel is determined to be in the IDLE state whenever a CCA is sampled during the PIFS period that ends at the start of transmission.
- STAs supporting multiple NAVs update their NAVs.
- the duration information is indicated by the frame as follows:
- duration information is indicated in the Duration field.
- the duration information is equal to the time (in microseconds) required to transmit one ACK frame and one SIFS according to the data rate selection rule.
- An STA that receives at least one frame from a PSDU can update its NAV with information in a valid Duration field of the PSDU.
- the STA does not update its NAV.
- the STA does not update its NAV.
- the STA updates its NAV when the received Duration is greater than the STA's current NAV value.
- the STA When the STA receives information that the NAV is greater than the STA's current NAV value, the STA updates the NAV to the new NAV value.
- the information can be received in the Duration field of NDP CTS, NDP ACK, and S1G beacon frames.
- An AP that is not a TXOP holder updates the NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU if all of the following conditions are met, and does not update the NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION if any of the following conditions is not met.
- the AP does not receive frames containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- An AP that is a TXOP holder updates NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU if all of the following conditions are met, and does not update NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION if any of the following conditions is not met.
- the AP does not receive frames containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- Non-AP STAs can maintain two NAVs, and APs can maintain two NAVs: intra-BSS NAV and basic NAV.
- the intra-BSS NAV is updated by intra-BSS PPDU.
- the basic NAV is updated by inter-BSS PPDU, or PPDU that cannot be classified as inter-BSS or inter-BSS.
- the STA updates the intra-BSS NAV with the duration information indicated by the received frame of the PSDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- the frame is identified as inter-BSS.
- the indicated duration is greater than the current intra-BSS NAV value.
- the RA of the received frame is not the MAC address of the STA.
- the STA is not a TXOP holder and the PPDU carrying the frame does not contain a frame requesting an immediate response from the STA.
- the STA is not a TXOP holder and the received frame is a trigger frame.
- the STA updates the basic NAV with the duration information indicated by the received frame of the PSDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- the frame is identified as inter-BSS or cannot be identified as inter-BSS or inter-BSS.
- the RA of the received frame is not the MAC address of the STA.
- An STA that is not a TXOP holder updates the intra-BSS NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- the PPDU conveying information about the RXVECTOR parameter is identified as Intra-BSS.
- the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION is greater than the STA’s current Intra-BSS NAV.
- An STA updates the basic NAV with the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION for the PPDU only if all of the following conditions are met:
- a PPDU conveying information about the RXVECTOR parameter is identified as inter-BSS or cannot be identified as inter-BSS or inter-BSS.
- ⁇ STA does not receive a frame containing a Duration field in the PPDU.
- the duration information indicated by the RXVECTOR parameter TXOP_DURATION is greater than the basic NAV of the current STA.
- FIG. 8 illustrates EDCA parameter set elements in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the EDCA parameter set element is used by the AP to set policies (by changing the default MIB attribute values) and to change policies when accepting new STAs or new traffic, or to adapt to changes in the offered load.
- the most recent EDCA parameter set element received by the STA is used to update the appropriate management information base (MIB) values.
- MIB management information base
- the EDCA parameter set element is composed of an Element ID field, a Length field, a QoS Info field, an EDCA Information Update field, an AC_BE Parameter Record field, an AC_BK Parameter Record field, an AC_VI Parameter Record field, and an AC_VO Parameter Record field.
- the Element ID field indicates the identifier of the element
- the Length field indicates the number of octets in the element, excluding the Element ID and Length fields.
- the QoS Info field contains capability information bits, the contents of which vary depending on whether the STA is contained within an AP.
- the Update EDCA Info field includes an Override field that indicates whether the corresponding EDCA parameter set element overrides previously stored EDCA parameters, and a PS-Poll ACI (access category index) field that informs the STA of the access category for transmitting the PS-Poll frame.
- an Override field that indicates whether the corresponding EDCA parameter set element overrides previously stored EDCA parameters
- PS-Poll ACI access category index
- each field includes an ACI/AIFSN subfield, an ECWmin/ECWmax subfield, and a TXOP limit subfield.
- the ACI/AIFSN field contains i) an arbitration interframe space number (AIFSN) subfield indicating the number of slots after a SIFS that an STA will delay before invoking backoff or starting transmission, ii) an admission control mandatory (ACM) subfield indicating whether admission control is required for the access category, and iii) an ACI subfield indicating an access category index (ACI) value.
- ACI subfield refers to the access category to which all parameters in this record correspond.
- the TXOP limit subfield specifies an unsigned integer in units of TXOP.
- the TXOP limit is advertised by the AP through this subfield, and the TXOP holder must ensure that the TXOP duration does not exceed the TXOP limit if the TXOP duration is not zero.
- FIG. 9 illustrates MU EDCA parameter set elements in a wireless LAN system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the MU EDCA parameter set element is used by the AP to control the usage of EDCA by non-AP STAs following a particular UL MU TB PPDU transmission.
- the most recent MU EDCA parameter set element received by a non-AP STA is used to update the appropriate MIB values.
- the MU EDCA parameter set element is composed of an Element ID field, a Length field, an Element ID Extension field, a QoS Info field, an MU AC_BE Parameter Record field, an MU AC_BK Parameter Record field, an MU AC_VI Parameter Record field, and an MU AC_VO Parameter Record field.
- the Element ID field and the Element ID Extension field indicate the identifier of the element, and the Length field indicates the number of octets in the element excluding the Element ID and Length fields.
- the QoS Info field contains capability information bits, the contents of which vary depending on whether the STA is contained within an AP.
- each field includes an ACI/AIFSN subfield, an ECWmin/ECWmax subfield, and an MU EDCA Timer subfield.
- the MU EDCA Timer subfield indicates the period during which the STA uses the MU EDCA parameters for that AC.
- the STA (AP STA and/or non-AP STA) described in the present disclosure can support multi-link (ML) communication.
- ML communication can mean communication supporting multiple links.
- Links related to ML communication can include channels (e.g., 20/40/80/160/240/320MHz channels) of a frequency band (e.g., 2.4GHz band, 5GHz band, 6GHz band, etc.) in which the STA operates.
- Multiple links used for ML communication can be configured in various ways. For example, multiple links supported for one STA for ML communication may belong to the same frequency band or may belong to different frequency bands.
- each link may correspond to a frequency unit of a predetermined size (e.g., channel, subchannel, RU, etc.). In addition, some or all of the multiple links may be frequency units of the same size or may be frequency units of different sizes.
- a multi-link device means a device that has one or more affiliated STAs as a logical entity and a single MAC data service and a single MAC service access point (SAP) for logical link control (LLC).
- a non-AP MLD means an MLD in which each STA affiliated with the MLD is a non-AP STA.
- a multi-radio non-AP MLD means a non-AP MLD that supports receiving or exchanging frames on more than one link at a time.
- An AP MLD means an MLD in which each STA affiliated with the MLD is an AP STA.
- Multi-link operation may enable a non-AP MLD to discover, authenticate, associate, and set up multiple links with an AP MLD. Based on the supported capabilities exchanged during the association procedure, each link may enable channel access and frame exchange between the non-AP MLD and the AP MLD.
- An STA affiliated to an MLD may select and manage its capabilities and operating parameters independently from other STA(s) affiliated to the same MLD.
- the link-related information may include one or more of information about whether the MLD supports simultaneous transmit and receive (STR) operation or non-simultaneous transmit and receive (NSTR) operation on multiple links, information about the number/upper limit of UL/DL links, information about the location/bandwidth/resource of UL/DL links, information about frame types (e.g., management, control, data, etc.) that are available or preferred on at least one UL/DL link, information about an ACK policy that is available or preferred on at least one UL/DL link, or information about a traffic identifier (TID) that is available on at least one UL/DL link.
- STR simultaneous transmit and receive
- NSTR non-simultaneous transmit and receive
- An AP MLD may set one of the multiple links as the primary link.
- the AP MLD may transmit beacon frames, probe response frames, and group addressed data frames only on the primary link.
- the remaining other link(s) of the multiple links may be referred to as non-primary links.
- An AP MLD operating on a non-primary link may operate not to transmit beacon frames or probe response frames.
- a non-AP MLD may perform frame exchange during authentication, (re)association, and 4-way handshaking only on the primary link.
- a setup link is defined as enabled if at least one traffic identifier (TID) is mapped to the link through the multi-link setup process, and a setup link can be defined as disabled if no TID is mapped to the link.
- TID traffic identifier
- a TID must always be mapped to at least one setup link unless admission control is used. By default, a TID is mapped to all setup links, so all setup links can be enabled.
- the link When a link is activated, the link can be used for frame exchange depending on the power state of the non-AP STAs operating on the link. Only MSDUs or A-MSDUs with TIDs mapped to the activated link can be transmitted on the link. Management frames and control frames can only be transmitted on the activated link.
- That link When a link is disabled, that link may not be used for frame exchange, including management frames for both DL and UL.
- TID-to-Link mapping can be performed in default mapping mode or/and negotiation mapping mode.
- one STA may provide information about one or more links other than the link on which it is located, for multi-link discovery (e.g., obtaining information about multiple links including the corresponding link on one link) or multi-link setup (e.g., simultaneously associating on multiple links by exchanging association request/response frames on one link).
- a multi-link (ML) element may be defined to provide such information.
- Figure 10 exemplarily shows the structure of an ML element to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- the element ID field and the element ID extension field may have specific values (e.g., 255 and 107) indicating that it is an ML element, and the length field may have a value indicating the length (e.g., in octet units) of the remaining fields excluding the element ID field and the length field.
- the multi-link control field is defined as 2 octets in size and may include a 3-bit type subfield, a 1-bit reserved bit, and a 12-bit presence bitmap subfield.
- the type subfield may have a value indicating one of the following types: basic, probe request, reconfiguration, tunneled direct-link setup (TDLS), and priority access.
- the presence bitmap subfield indicates the presence or absence of various subfield(s) within the common info field, and may be defined in different formats depending on the various variants (or types) of the ML element.
- the common info field is defined to have a variable size and may include a 6-octet MLD MAC address subfield, which may have a value specifying the MAC address of the MLD to which the STA transmitting the basic ML element belongs.
- a link ID info subfield, a BSS parameter change count subfield, a medium synchronization delay information subfield, an enhanced multi-link (EML) capability subfield, and an MLD capability subfield may or may not be included in the common info field.
- the link info field is defined to be variable in size. It may contain link specific information and may be optionally present. When the link info field is present, it may contain one or more subelements. The format and order of the subelements may be defined in various ways. As an example of an optional subelement ID for a basic variant ML element, the value 0 of the subelement ID corresponds to the name of a per-STA profile and is extensible, the value 221 corresponds to a vendor-specific name and the extensibility may be determined by the vendor, and the remaining values 1-220 and 222-255 may be reserved.
- the STA-per-profile subfield may include a 1-octet subelement ID subfield, a 1-octet length subfield, a 2-octet STA control subfield, a variable-size STA info subfield, and a variable-size STA profile subfield.
- the STA control subfield may include information such as a link ID, whether a complete profile is included, whether an STA MAC address exists, and the like.
- the STA info subfield may include information such as a STA MAC address.
- the STA profile subfield may include information such as information included in a probe response or probe request frame body, information included in a (re)association response or (re)association request frame body, and the like, depending on whether the reported STA is an AP STA or a non-AP STA.
- the format of the ML elements in Fig. 10 is exemplary, and the order, name, size, etc. of the fields/subfields may be changed, additional fields/subfields may be further defined, and some fields/subfields may be excluded.
- the common information field includes common information between STAs in the MLD, and the link information field may include specific information for each STA/link (e.g., in a per-STA profile subelement including a link ID corresponding to the STA).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a high-level structure for an AP MLD to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- An AP MLD may include one or more APs.
- An AP MLD may have a high-level architecture as illustrated in FIG. 11.
- the MLD may control various procedures/parameters common to multiple APs by utilizing an upper MAC sublayer. For example, authentication, association, sequence number (SN)/packet number (PN) allocation, power saving buffering for individually addressed frames, etc. may be commonly controlled among APs belonging to an AP MLD.
- Each affiliated AP can provide upper MAC sublayer functionality for non-MLD data frames (e.g., traffic transmitted and received with non-MLD STAs, group addressed MLD traffic, etc.).
- the AP MLD can provide upper MAC sublayer functionality for MLD data frames (e.g., traffic transmitted and received with MLD STAs) and provide MLD data to lower MAC sublayers of each affiliated AP.
- Each affiliated AP can provide PHY functionality (e.g., PHY 1, ..., PHY n). Both ML operations (MLO) and non-MLO can be performed on links corresponding to each PHY (e.g., link 1, ..., link n).
- Channel access defined in the current 802.11 standard is performed based on the primary channel. That is, an STA can transmit a frame on a medium including the primary channel and an IDLE secondary channel only when the primary channel is in an IDLE state and the back-off counter (BC) is 0.
- all STAs perform CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) with the primary channel as a priority.
- the AP announces the primary channel of the BSS, and the primary channel is always included in the channel used to transmit management frames such as beacon frames and probe response frames.
- This mechanism can achieve the effect of performing frame exchanges between all STAs and APs without interference. In other words, it is effective for frame protection.
- the STA cannot access the secondary channel that is IDLE, so it is inefficient from the perspective of medium use.
- a primary channel may mean a common channel of operation for all STAs that are members of a BSS.
- the primary channel may be a primary 20 MHz channel.
- a secondary channel may mean one or more channels linked to a primary channel that are used to create a wider channel than the primary channel.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a channel access operation in a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure can be applied.
- Figure 12 illustrates channel access based on the primary channel in a bandwidth of 80 MHz.
- the primary channel and the secondary channel are referred to as follows, as in FIG. 12.
- secondary 20MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 40MHz, it means the secondary channel of 20MHz excluding P20. In other words, it means the secondary channel of 20MHz adjacent to P20)
- secondary 40MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 80MHz, it refers to the secondary channel of 40MHz excluding P20+S20)
- secondary 80MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 160MHz, it means the remaining 80MHz secondary channel excluding P20+S20+S40)
- secondary 160MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 320MHz, it refers to the remaining 160MHz secondary channel excluding P20+S20+S40+S80)
- secondary 320MHz channel (i.e., when the bandwidth is 640MHz, it refers to the secondary channel of 320MHz excluding P20+S20+S40+S80+S160)
- the STA does not decrease the back-off counter (BC) and waits until it is IDLE.
- the STA checks the channel status of S20 and S40 (i.e., CCA) and transmits a frame on the IDLE channel. Since the example of Fig. 12 assumes the case where S40 is BUSY, the STA transmits a frame corresponding to a 40MHz PPDU through P20 and S20.
- secondary channel access means that an STA accesses a secondary channel (i.e., a medium on the secondary channel) while the primary channel (i.e., a medium on the primary channel) is BUSY (e.g., due to OBSS traffic or other circumstances).
- an AP or a non-AP STA may determine that the primary channel is BUSY based on physical carrier sensing and/or virtual carrier sensing and/or NAV setting.
- the term secondary channel is used to collectively refer to one or more channels other than the primary channel, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and may also be referred to as a non-primary channel.
- the secondary channel access may be referred to as non-primary channel access (NPCA).
- STA in this disclosure may be used to mean an AP STA or a non-AP STA.
- a capability of an STA for secondary channel access can be defined.
- an STA and an AP can exchange (i.e., inform each other of their capability) whether they support SCA capability and/or whether SCA is enabled.
- the capability of SCA can be determined based on whether a first type CCA (i.e., referred to as preamble detection (PD)) capable of identifying a wireless LAN frame performed on a primary channel (PCH) can be performed on a secondary channel (SCH), i.e., whether a frame can be decoded on the SCH.
- PD preamble detection
- PCH primary channel
- SCH secondary channel
- the STA can also set a NAV (e.g., an intra-BSS NAV or a basic NAV) on the SCH.
- NAV e.g., an intra-BSS NAV or a basic NAV
- An STA having the capability of level 0 can perform only Type 2 CCA on the SCH as before, and cannot perform Type 1 CCA (i.e., No Back-off on SCH). That is, an STA having the capability of level 0 can perform only Type 2 CCA, including CCA capable of detecting a wireless LAN signal on the SCH (i.e., referred to as guard interval detection (GID)) and CCA capable of detecting a signal above a specific intensity (i.e., referred to as energy detection (ED)).
- GID guard interval detection
- ED energy detection
- An STA with level 1 capability can perform PD, which is the first type CCA, on only one SCH at a time (i.e., Back-off on a SCH at a time). In other words, an STA with level 1 capability cannot perform the first CCA on multiple SCHs simultaneously.
- An STA having level 2 capability can perform PD, which is the first type CCA, on more than one SCH at the same time (i.e., Back-off on SCHs at the same time).
- PD which is the first type CCA
- an STA having level 2 capability can perform the first CCA on multiple SCHs at the same time.
- capabilities can be transmitted by being included in fields/elements within a frame (e.g., UHR capability elements/information elements (IEs)).
- IEs UHR capability elements/information elements
- an AP can transmit capabilities by including them in a beacon frame, a probe response frame, a (re)association request frame, etc.
- a non-AP STA can transmit capabilities by including them in a probe request frame, a (re)association request frame, etc.
- An STA can set (i.e., maintain/update) two NAVs: a basic NAV and an intra-BSS NAV.
- the basic NAV can be updated based on a PPDU identified as an inter-BSS PPDU, or based on a PPDU that cannot be identified as either an inter-BSS PPDU or an intra-BSS PPDU.
- the intra-BSS NAV can be updated based on a PPDU identified as an intra-BSS PPDU.
- the intra-BSS PPDU and inter-BSS PPDU can be distinguished based on the operations defined in the wireless LAN standard.
- TXOP transmission opportunity
- other STAs set intra-BSS NAV based on the primary channel.
- Tx transmission
- the AP performs transmission (Tx: transmission) (e.g., DL data, ACK (acknowledgement), etc.)
- Tx transmission
- the AP does not receive it (i.e., the frame transmitted from the STA to the AP on the SCH).
- STA can perform SCA only when a Basic NAV from a BSS other than its own BSS (i.e., an overlapping BSS (OBSS)) is set in the PCH.
- OBSS overlapping BSS
- STA can perform SCA when Basic NAV is set in PCH.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a basic procedure of secondary channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the STA can transmit a frame through i) P20 and ii) one or more SCHs that are IDLE, depending on whether one or more SCHs are IDLE/BUSY.
- - STA can perform back-off on one or more SCHs when P20 is BUSY.
- the channel may be determined as IDLE as a result of CCA for a predetermined short period of time (e.g., 1 slot).
- a predetermined short period of time e.g. 1 slot.
- the STA may not perform a back-off in the SCH.
- the STA may perform the second type of CCA for other SCH(s) other than one or more SCHs that performed the back-off when the back-off counter becomes 0.
- the STA may perform CCA for other SCH(s) other than the SCH that performed the back-off during a certain period of time (e.g., PIFS (priority interframe space)) before the time when the back-off counter becomes 0 for the SCH that performed the back-off, to determine whether the channel is IDLE or BUSY.
- PIFS priority interframe space
- the STA can transmit frames on a channel that includes one or more SCHs that are IDLE and one or more SCHs that have performed back-off.
- Fig. 13 an example is given where STA performs back-off at S20 when P20 is BUSY.
- STA performs back-off at S20 when P20 is BUSY.
- the back-off counter at S20 becomes 0, both 20MHz channels of S40 are in IDLE state. Therefore, in this case, STA can transmit 80MHz PPDU (including MAC frame) including signaling/information that P20 is punctured.
- STA Since STA basically has to perform CCA for P20 when basic NAV on P20 expires, STA can set the end time of TXOP so that TXOP on SCH ends before the time when basic NAV on P20 expires.
- the STA cannot receive the frame because a legacy STA, etc. can transmit a frame through the P20 after the basic NAV set for the STA (i.e., because the frame transmission is performed on the SCH).
- the target beacon transmission time (TBTT) is set in the middle of the basic NAV, a problem may arise because the AP must prepare to transmit a beacon immediately after the basic NAV, and a non-AP STA may also not receive the beacon that the AP is supposed to transmit on time and wait for more time than the scheduled time. Therefore, by setting the end time of the TXOP on the SCH so that the TXOP on the SCH ends before the time when the basic NAV on the P20 expires, the STA can perform normal frame exchange on the P20.
- the STA may not transmit the frame on SCH.
- the STA may not transmit the frame.
- the STA when performing a back-off at S20 as in the example of FIG. 13 and setting a TXOP for the SCH by making the back-off counter 0, the STA can set the TXOP for the SCH to end earlier than the time at which the basic NAV at P20 ends.
- the AP and the STA cannot know exactly whether the NAV (especially, the Basic NAV) is set in the PCH. For example, if the AP and the STA detect a frame from the same OBSS STA and set the same Basic NAV, both the AP and the STA can perform SCA in the same manner, so that frame exchange is possible. However, only one of the AP and the STA can set the Basic NAV due to a hidden node of one of the AP and the STA, or the AP and the STA can set different Basic NAVs. Therefore, if they share NAV information with each other, it can be helpful for SCA.
- the NAV especially, the Basic NAV
- multi-link operation may refer to a series of procedures (e.g., discovery, (de)authentication, (re)association, multi-link setup, frame exchange, etc.) that allow communication over one or more links between multi-link devices (MLDs).
- procedures e.g., discovery, (de)authentication, (re)association, multi-link setup, frame exchange, etc.
- NAV information may include one or more pieces of information as follows:
- the NAV proposed in this disclosure may be transmitted using a data frame (e.g., included in HE A-Control, etc.) or may be transmitted using a (separate) Management frame.
- the NAV information may include the remaining NAV duration from the start time (or end time) of the frame in which the NAV information is transmitted.
- NAV information can be exchanged using multi-link as described above.
- NAV information for the first link can be transmitted via the second link.
- NAV information i.e., remaining duration
- NAV information can be transmitted by utilizing 2 octets of existing Duration/ID field.
- the field size for transmitting NAV information i.e., remaining duration
- granularity e.g., 8us, 32us, 128us
- TXOP field of PHY header For example, 1 to 2 bits can indicate granularity, and actual NAV duration information can be indicated by utilizing remaining 6 bits or more bits.
- the actual application can be determined/considered/calculated based on the timing synchronization function (TSF) of the link where the NAV is set.
- TSF timing synchronization function
- the NAV information may include information about the time point at which the NAV ends, rather than the NAV duration.
- the time point at which the NAV ends is referred to as the NAV End Time (i.e., NAV_ET).
- the NAV_ET of one link Since the NAV_ET of one link must be notified from another link and also the AP of each link operates with its own TSF, the NAV time needs to be adjusted. That is, when transmitting NAV_ET from one link, the value must be set considering the TSF of the link corresponding to the NAV_ET. For example, if the TSF difference between the two links is 30, it must be indicated with a drift of 30. However, if information corresponding to the TSF of about 8 octets is required to transmit the NAV_ET, it has too much overhead. Therefore, the NAV_ET can be indicated by utilizing some bits of the TSF. For example, it can be configured as 2 octets by utilizing some bits of the TSF, such as the target wake time (TWT).
- TWT target wake time
- FIG. 14 illustrates a NAV sharing method using a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 14 illustrates an example of basic NAV information being shared/transmitted to a non-AP MLD by an AP MLD.
- PCH 1 between AP 1 and STA 1 is associated/corresponding to link 1
- PCH 2 between AP 2 and STA 2 is associated/corresponding to link 1.
- AP 2 can individually transmit the NAV information of AP 1 to a specific STA (e.g., STA 2) within a frame or announce it in a broadcast format so that multiple STAs can recognize it.
- STA STA 2
- any STA belonging to a non-AP MLD receives a frame including NAV information of a specific AP
- the non-AP MLD can recognize the NAV information of the corresponding AP.
- STA 2 receives NAV information of AP 1 from AP 2
- the NAV information may be shared internally in the non-AP MLD, and thus STA 1 can recognize the NAV information of AP 1.
- STA 1 can expect that AP 1 will perform SCA even if the current PCH is IDLE, it can switch to the SCH and not perform unnecessary transmission in the PCH.
- STA 1 can receive a frame from AP 1 on the SCH (e.g., S20+S40).
- FIG. 15 illustrates a NAV sharing method using a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 15 illustrates that basic NAV information is shared/transmitted to a non-AP MLD by an AP MLD.
- PCH 1 between AP 1 and STA 1 is associated/corresponding to link 1
- PCH 2 between AP 2 and STA 2 is associated/corresponding to link 1.
- AP 2 can individually transmit the NAV information of AP 1 to a specific STA (e.g., STA 2) within a frame or announce it in a broadcast format so that multiple STAs can recognize it.
- STA STA 2
- any STA belonging to a non-AP MLD receives a frame including NAV information of a specific AP, the non-AP MLD can recognize the NAV information of the corresponding AP. For example, if STA 2 receives NAV information of AP 1 from AP 2, the NAV information can be shared internally in the non-AP MLD, and thus STA 1 can recognize the NAV information of AP 1.
- STA 1 may not switch to SCH (i.e., SCA) for various reasons, such as i) it does not support SCA or ii) the expiration time of Basic NAV is not sufficient to secure TXOP. In this case, STA 1 may not transmit frames to AP 1 even if the backoff counter (BS) in P20 becomes 0 (i.e., expires), since STA 1 may expect that AP 1 will perform SCA.
- BS backoff counter
- AP 2 may provide AP 1 with information (e.g., BSS color) about from which BSS the Basic NAV is set (e.g., may be included in the NAV information).
- This information may additionally be utilized/helped by STA 1 to determine whether to perform SCA. That is, STA 1 may determine whether to perform SCA based on the information about from which BSS the Basic NAV is set. For example, if the BSS corresponding to the received BSS color information is a BSS that is not affected by STA 1 and has transmitted this information to AP 1, STA 1 may not perform SCA because it may expect that AP 1 will not transmit a frame to itself when performing SCA.
- BSS color e.g., may be included in the NAV information.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a NAV sharing method using a multi-link device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 16 illustrates that AP MLD and non-AP MLD share different Basic NAV information. That is, basic NAV information is shared/transmitted to non-AP MLD by AP MLD, and also basic NAV information is shared/transmitted to AP MLD by non-AP MLD.
- PCH 1 between AP 1 and STA 1 is associated/corresponded to link 1
- PCH 2 between AP 2 and STA 2 is associated/corresponded to link 1.
- AP 2 can individually transmit the NAV information of AP 1 to a specific STA (e.g., STA 2) within a frame or announce it in a broadcast format so that multiple STAs can recognize it.
- STA STA 2
- STA 2 can individually transmit the NAV information of STA 1 to a specific AP (e.g., AP 2) within the frame.
- AP e.g., AP 2
- any STA belonging to a non-AP MLD receives a frame including NAV information of a specific AP, the non-AP MLD can recognize the NAV information of the corresponding AP. For example, if STA 2 receives NAV information of AP 1 from AP 2, the NAV information can be shared internally in the non-AP MLD, and thus STA 1 can recognize the NAV information of AP 1.
- the AP MLD can recognize the NAV information of the corresponding STA. For example, if AP 2 receives NAV information of STA 1 from STA 2, the NAV information can be shared internally in the AP MLD, and thus AP 1 can recognize the NAV information of STA 1.
- AP 1 can transmit a frame to STA 1 through SCH (i.e., based on SCA) after receiving the NAV information.
- STA 1 can transmit a frame to AP 1 through SCH (i.e., based on SCA) after receiving the NAV information.
- AP 1 or STA 1 can compare the NAV duration of AP 1 and the NAV duration of STA 1 and obtain the TXOP based on one of the NAV durations. For example, it can be based on the shorter NAV duration of the two, or based on the longer NAV duration of the two, or based on the NAV duration set for each of them.
- FIG. 17 illustrates the operation of a multi-link device for a method of sharing NAV information for secondary channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 17 illustrates the operation of a multi-link device based on the previously proposed methods.
- the example in Fig. 17 is provided for convenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Some of the step(s) illustrated in Fig. 17 may be omitted depending on the situation and/or setting.
- the multi-link device may mean a device having the capability for multi-link operation.
- the multi-link device may be a non-AP MLD (hereinafter, a first MLD) in which each STA belonging to the multi-link device is a non-AP STA, or an AP MLD (hereinafter, a second MLD) in which each STA belonging to the multi-link device is an AP.
- a first MLD in which each STA belonging to the multi-link device is a non-AP STA
- AP MLD hereinafter, a second MLD
- a capability supporting secondary channel access operation can be defined (e.g., level 1, 2), in which case, it is assumed that the first MLD (or one or more non-AP STAs belonging to the first MLD) and the second MLD (or one or more APs belonging to the second MLD) of FIG. 17 have a capability supporting the secondary channel access operation.
- a first STA belonging to a first MLD receives a first frame from a first AP belonging to a second MLD through a first link (S1701).
- the first link and the second link are configured for multi-link operation
- the first frame may include first NAV (network allocation vector) information for a NAV of a second AP belonging to the second MLD configured for a primary channel of the second link.
- the first NAV information may include information about the duration of the NAV of the second AP remaining from the start or end time of the first frame.
- the first NAV information may include information about the end time of the NAV of the second AP.
- the first frame may further include an identifier of a link to which the NAV of the second AP is set.
- a second STA belonging to a first MLD receives a second frame from a second AP belonging to a second MLD on one or more secondary channels of a second link based on the first NAV information (S1702).
- the second STA may determine to receive the second frame on the one or more secondary channels.
- the second STA may not perform frame transmission on the primary channel of the second link within the duration of the NAV of the second AP.
- the first STA belonging to the first MLD may transmit a third frame to the first AP belonging to the second MLD via the first link.
- the third frame may include second NAV information for the NAV of the second STA belonging to the first MLD set for the primary channel of the second link.
- the second NAV information may include information about the duration of the NAV of the second STA remaining from the start or end time of the third frame.
- the second NAV information may include information about the end time of the NAV of the second STA.
- the third frame may further include an identifier of a link to which the NAV of the second STA is set.
- the second frame can be transmitted based on both the duration of the NAV of the second AP and the duration of the NAV of the second STA.
- the first MLD i.e., the first STA or the second STA belonging to the first MLD
- receives the first frame and the second frame it means receiving a PPDU including the first frame and the second frame.
- the first MLD i.e., the first STA or the second STA belonging to the first MLD
- transmits the third frame it means configuring a PPDU including the third frame and transmitting the PPDU.
- the PPDU may be composed of a legacy part, a SIG part (e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.), an STF part (e.g., UHR-STF), an LTF part (e.g., UHR-LTF), and a data part.
- a SIG part e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.
- an STF part e.g., UHR-STF
- an LTF part e.g., UHR-LTF
- All or part of any part may be divided into multiple sub-parts/sub-fields.
- Each field (and its sub-fields) may be transmitted in units of 4us * N (N is an integer).
- a guard interval may be included.
- the subfields of the signal part may be placed before the STF part, and the remaining subfields of the SIG part may be placed after the STF part.
- the legacy portion described above may include at least one of a conventional L-STF (Non-HT Short Training Field), L-LTF (Non-HT Long Training Field), and L-SIG (Non-HT Signal Field).
- L-STF Non-HT Short Training Field
- L-LTF Non-HT Long Training Field
- L-SIG Non-HT Signal Field
- the above-mentioned SIG-part may include various control information for the transmitted PPDU.
- it may include the STF-part, the LTF-part, and control information for decoding data.
- the above-described STF portion may contain an STF sequence.
- the above-described LTF portion may include a training field (i.e., an LTF sequence) for channel estimation.
- a training field i.e., an LTF sequence
- the data portion described above contains user data and may contain packets for upper layers. That is, an MPDU (i.e., a second frame) may be contained in the data portion.
- MPDU i.e., a second frame
- the method described in the example of FIG. 17 may be performed by the first device (100) (i.e., the first MLD) of FIG. 1.
- one or more processors (102) of the first device (100) of FIG. 1 may be configured to cause a first STA belonging to the first MLD to receive NAV information of a second AP belonging to the second MLD through a first frame from a first AP belonging to the second MLD via transceiver(s) (106), and to cause a second STA belonging to the first MLD to receive a second frame from the second AP belonging to the second MLD on one or more secondary channels.
- one or more memories (104) of the first device (100) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 17 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (102).
- FIG. 18 illustrates the operation of a multi-link device for a method of sharing NAV information for secondary channel access according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 18 illustrates the operation of a multi-link device based on the previously proposed methods.
- the example in Fig. 18 is provided for convenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Some of the step(s) illustrated in Fig. 18 may be omitted depending on the situation and/or setting.
- the multi-link device may mean a device having the capability for multi-link operation.
- the multi-link device may be a non-AP MLD (hereinafter, a first MLD) in which each STA belonging to the multi-link device is a non-AP STA, or an AP MLD (hereinafter, a second MLD) in which each STA belonging to the multi-link device is an AP.
- a first MLD in which each STA belonging to the multi-link device is a non-AP STA
- AP MLD hereinafter, a second MLD
- a capability supporting secondary channel access operation can be defined (e.g., level 1, 2), in which case, it is assumed that the first MLD (or one or more non-AP STAs belonging to the first MLD) and the second MLD (or one or more APs belonging to the second MLD) of FIG. 18 have a capability supporting the secondary channel access operation.
- the first AP belonging to the second MLD transmits the first frame to the first STA belonging to the first MLD through the first link (S1801).
- the first link and the second link are configured for multi-link operation
- the first frame may include first NAV (network allocation vector) information for a NAV of a second AP belonging to the second MLD configured for a primary channel of the second link.
- the first NAV information may include information about the duration of the NAV of the second AP remaining from the start or end time of the first frame.
- the first NAV information may include information about the end time of the NAV of the second AP.
- the first frame may further include an identifier of a link to which the NAV of the second AP is set.
- the second AP belonging to the second MLD transmits a second frame to the second STA belonging to the first MLD on one or more secondary channels of the second link based on the first NAV information (S1802).
- the first AP belonging to the second MLD may receive a third frame from the first STA belonging to the first MLD through the first link.
- the third frame may include second NAV information for the NAV of the second STA belonging to the first MLD set for the primary channel of the second link.
- the second NAV information may include information about the duration of the NAV of the second STA remaining from the start or end time of the third frame.
- the second NAV information may include information about the end time of the NAV of the second STA.
- the third frame may further include an identifier of a link to which the NAV of the second STA is set.
- the second frame can be transmitted based on both the duration of the NAV of the second AP and the duration of the NAV of the second STA.
- the second MLD i.e., the first AP or the second AP belonging to the second MLD
- transmits the first frame and the second frame it means that it configures a PPDU including the first frame and the second frame and transmits the PPDU.
- the second MLD i.e., the first AP or the second AP belonging to the second MLD
- receives the third frame it means that it receives a PPDU including the third frame.
- the PPDU may be composed of a legacy part, a SIG part (e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.), an STF part (e.g., UHR-STF), an LTF part (e.g., UHR-LTF), and a data part.
- a SIG part e.g., U-SIG, UHR-SIG, etc.
- an STF part e.g., UHR-STF
- an LTF part e.g., UHR-LTF
- All or part of any part may be divided into multiple sub-parts/sub-fields.
- Each field (and its sub-fields) may be transmitted in units of 4us * N (N is an integer).
- a guard interval may be included.
- the subfields of the signal part may be placed before the STF part, and the remaining subfields of the SIG part may be placed after the STF part.
- the legacy portion described above may include at least one of a conventional L-STF (Non-HT Short Training Field), L-LTF (Non-HT Long Training Field), and L-SIG (Non-HT Signal Field).
- L-STF Non-HT Short Training Field
- L-LTF Non-HT Long Training Field
- L-SIG Non-HT Signal Field
- the above-mentioned SIG-part may include various control information for the transmitted PPDU.
- it may include the STF-part, the LTF-part, and control information for decoding data.
- the above-described STF portion may contain an STF sequence.
- the above-described LTF portion may include a training field (i.e., an LTF sequence) for channel estimation.
- a training field i.e., an LTF sequence
- the data portion described above contains user data and may contain packets for upper layers. That is, an MPDU (i.e., a second frame) may be contained in the data portion.
- MPDU i.e., a second frame
- the method described in the example of FIG. 18 may be performed by the second device (200) (i.e., the second MLD) of FIG. 1.
- one or more processors (202) of the second device (200) of FIG. 1 may be configured to cause a first AP belonging to the second MLD to transmit NAV information of the second AP belonging to the second MLD to a first STA belonging to the first MLD through a first frame via transceiver(s) (206), and to cause the second AP belonging to the second MLD to transmit a second frame to the second STA belonging to the first MLD on one or more secondary channels.
- one or more memories (204) of the second device (200) may store commands for performing the method described in the example of FIG. 18 or the examples described above when executed by one or more processors (202).
- the secondary channel cannot be used.
- the secondary channel access method according to the examples of the present disclosure, even if the medium for the primary channel is in the BUSY state, the medium for the secondary channel can be used, so that the efficiency of medium use can be improved.
- the NAV set for the primary channel between the AP MLD and the STA MLD using a multi-link, it is possible to achieve the effect of preventing the failure of the secondary channel access operation due to a mismatch in the NAV settings between the transmitting device and the receiving device caused by a hidden node.
- the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (e.g., an operating system, an application, firmware, a program, etc.) that cause operations according to the various embodiments to be executed on a device or a computer, and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having such software or instructions stored thereon and executable on the device or computer.
- Instructions that can be used to program a processing system to perform the features described in the present disclosure can be stored on/in a storage medium or a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program product including such a storage medium can be used to implement the features described in the present disclosure.
- the storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid state memory devices, and can include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices.
- the memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the processor(s).
- the memory or alternatively the non-volatile memory device(s) within the memory comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
- the features described in this disclosure may be incorporated into software and/or firmware stored on any one of the machine-readable media to control the hardware of the processing system and to allow the processing system to interact with other mechanisms that utilize results according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
- Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments/containers.
- the method proposed in this disclosure has been described with a focus on examples applied to IEEE 802.11-based systems, but can be applied to various wireless LANs or wireless communication systems in addition to IEEE 802.11-based systems.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 무선랜 시스템에서 제1 다중-링크 장치(MLD: multi-link device)에 의해서 수행되는 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은:상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제1 스테이션(STA: station)에 의해 제2 MLD에 소속된 제1 액세스 포인트(AP: access point)로부터 제1 링크를 통해 제1 프레임을 수신하되, 상기 제1 링크와 제2 링크는 다중-링크(multi-link) 동작을 위해 설정되고, 상기 제1 프레임은 상기 제2 링크의 프라이머리 채널(primary channel)에 대해 설정된 상기 제2 MLD에 소속된 제2 AP의 NAV(network allocation vector)에 대한 제1 NAV 정보를 포함하는 단계; 및상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제2 STA에 의해 상기 제1 NAV 정보에 기반하여 상기 제2 링크의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널(secondary channel)에서 상기 제2 AP로부터 제2 프레임을 수신하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 NAV 정보는 상기 제1 프레임의 시작 또는 종료 시간으로부터 남은 상기 제2 AP의 NAV의 지속구간(duration)에 대한 정보를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 NAV 정보는 상기 제2 AP의 NAV의 종료 시간에 대한 정보를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 프레임은 상기 제2 AP의 NAV가 설정된 링크의 식별자를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 STA이 상기 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널에 액세스할 수 있는 능력이 있거나 및/또는 상기 제2 AP의 NAV의 남은 시간이 미리 정해진 임계치보다 큰 것에 기반하여, 상기 제2 STA은 상기 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널에서 상기 제2 프레임을 수신하도록 결정하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 링크의 상기 프라이머리 채널에 대한 백오프 카운터가 만료되더라도, 상기 제2 STA은 상기 제2 AP의 NAV의 지속구간 내에서 상기 제2 링크의 상기 프라이머리 채널에서 프레임 전송을 수행하지 않는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제1 STA이 상기 제1 AP에게 상기 제1 링크를 통해 제3 프레임을 전송하되, 상기 제3 프레임은 상기 제2 링크의 프라이머리 채널(primary channel)에 대해 설정된 상기 제2 STA의 NAV에 대한 제2 NAV 정보를 포함하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제2 NAV 정보는 상기 제3 프레임의 시작 또는 종료 시간으로부터 남은 상기 제2 STA의 NAV의 지속구간(duration)에 대한 정보를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제2 NAV 정보는 상기 제2 STA의 NAV의 종료 시간에 대한 정보를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제3 프레임은 상기 제2 STA의 NAV가 설정된 링크의 식별자를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제2 프레임은 상기 제2 AP의 NAV의 지속구간 및 상기 제2 STA의 NAV의 지속구간 모두에 기반하여 전송되는, 방법.
- 무선랜 시스템에서의 제1 다중-링크 장치(MLD: multi-link device)에 있어서, 상기 제1 MLD는:하나 이상의 송수신기; 및상기 하나 이상의 송수신기와 연결된 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는:상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제1 스테이션(STA: station)에 의해 제2 MLD에 소속된 제1 액세스 포인트(AP: access point)로부터 제1 링크를 통해 제1 프레임을 수신하되, 상기 제1 링크와 제2 링크는 다중-링크(multi-link) 동작을 위해 설정되고, 상기 제1 프레임은 상기 제2 링크의 프라이머리 채널(primary channel)에 대해 설정된 상기 제2 MLD에 소속된 제2 AP의 NAV(network allocation vector)에 대한 제1 NAV 정보를 포함하고, 및상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제2 STA에 의해 상기 제1 NAV 정보에 기반하여 상기 제2 링크의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널(secondary channel)에서 상기 제2 AP로부터 제2 프레임을 수신하도록 설정되는, 장치.
- 무선랜 시스템에서 제2 다중-링크 장치(MLD: multi-link device)에 의해서 수행되는 방법에 있어서, 상기 방법은:상기 제2 MLD에 소속된 제1 액세스 포인트(AP: access point)에 의해 제1 MLD에 소속된 제1 스테이션(STA: station)에게 제1 링크를 통해 제1 프레임을 전송하되, 상기 제1 링크와 제2 링크는 다중-링크(multi-link) 동작을 위해 설정되고, 상기 제1 프레임은 상기 제2 링크의 프라이머리 채널(primary channel)에 대해 설정된 상기 제2 MLD에 소속된 제2 AP의 NAV(network allocation vector)에 대한 제1 NAV 정보를 포함하는 단계; 및상기 제2 AP에 의해 상기 제1 NAV 정보에 기반하여 상기 제2 링크의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널(secondary channel)에서 상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제2 STA에게 제2 프레임을 전송하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 무선랜 시스템에서의 제2 다중-링크 장치(MLD: multi-link device)에 있어서, 상기 제2 MLD는:하나 이상의 송수신기; 및상기 하나 이상의 송수신기와 연결된 하나 이상의 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 하나 이상의 프로세서는:상기 제2 MLD에 소속된 제1 액세스 포인트(AP: access point)에 의해 제1 MLD에 소속된 제1 스테이션(STA: station)에게 제1 링크를 통해 제1 프레임을 전송하되, 상기 제1 링크와 제2 링크는 다중-링크(multi-link) 동작을 위해 설정되고, 상기 제1 프레임은 상기 제2 링크의 프라이머리 채널(primary channel)에 대해 설정된 상기 제2 MLD에 소속된 제2 AP의 NAV(network allocation vector)에 대한 제1 NAV 정보를 포함하고, 및상기 제2 AP에 의해 상기 제1 NAV 정보에 기반하여 상기 제2 링크의 하나 이상의 세컨더리 채널(secondary channel)에서 상기 제1 MLD에 소속된 제2 STA에게 제2 프레임을 전송하도록 설정되는, 장치.
- 무선랜 시스템에서 다중-링크 장치(MLD: multi-link device)를 제어하도록 설정되는 프로세싱 장치에 있어서, 상기 프로세싱 장치는:하나 이상의 프로세서; 및상기 하나 이상의 프로세서에 동작 가능하게 연결되고, 상기 하나 이상의 프로세서에 의해 실행됨에 기반하여, 제1항 내지 제11항 중의 어느 하나의 항에 따른 방법을 수행하는 명령들을 저장하는 하나 이상의 컴퓨터 메모리를 포함하는, 프로세싱 장치.
- 하나 이상의 명령을 저장하는 하나 이상의 비-일시적(non-transitory) 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체로서,상기 하나 이상의 명령은 하나 이상의 프로세서에 의해서 실행되어, 무선랜 시스템에서 장치가 제1항 내지 제11항 중의 어느 하나의 항에 따른 방법을 수행하도록 제어하는, 컴퓨터 판독가능 매체.
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| EP24819547.1A EP4727249A1 (en) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-03 | Method and apparatus for sharing nav information for secondary channel access in wireless lan system |
| KR1020257041056A KR20260020109A (ko) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-03 | 무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스를 위한 nav 정보 공유 방법 및 장치 |
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| KR10-2023-0074390 | 2023-06-09 | ||
| KR20230074390 | 2023-06-09 |
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| PCT/KR2024/007570 Ceased WO2024253396A1 (ko) | 2023-06-09 | 2024-06-03 | 무선랜 시스템에서 세컨더리 채널 액세스를 위한 nav 정보 공유 방법 및 장치 |
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| WO2020060145A1 (ko) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 복수의 무선 통신 링크를 제어하는 기법 |
| KR20220124165A (ko) * | 2020-01-07 | 2022-09-13 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 멀티 링크 동작 (mlo) 을 위한 크로스링크 네트워크 할당 벡터 (nav) 설정 |
| WO2023055029A1 (ko) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 | 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 |
-
2024
- 2024-06-03 KR KR1020257041056A patent/KR20260020109A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-03 EP EP24819547.1A patent/EP4727249A1/en active Pending
- 2024-06-03 WO PCT/KR2024/007570 patent/WO2024253396A1/ko not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017196091A1 (ko) * | 2016-05-11 | 2017-11-16 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 무선랜 시스템에서의 신호 송수신 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
| WO2019009652A1 (ko) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-01-10 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 무선랜 시스템에서 부 채널을 통한 데이터 송수신 방법 및 이를 위한 장치 |
| WO2020060145A1 (ko) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-26 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 복수의 무선 통신 링크를 제어하는 기법 |
| KR20220124165A (ko) * | 2020-01-07 | 2022-09-13 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 멀티 링크 동작 (mlo) 을 위한 크로스링크 네트워크 할당 벡터 (nav) 설정 |
| WO2023055029A1 (ko) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 주식회사 윌러스표준기술연구소 | 멀티 링크를 사용하는 무선 통신 방법 및 이를 사용하는 무선 통신 단말 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20260020109A (ko) | 2026-02-10 |
| EP4727249A1 (en) | 2026-04-15 |
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