WO2024251139A1 - 显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置 - Google Patents

显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024251139A1
WO2024251139A1 PCT/CN2024/097461 CN2024097461W WO2024251139A1 WO 2024251139 A1 WO2024251139 A1 WO 2024251139A1 CN 2024097461 W CN2024097461 W CN 2024097461W WO 2024251139 A1 WO2024251139 A1 WO 2024251139A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode layer
tactile sensing
display panel
color filter
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2024/097461
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2024251139A9 (zh
Inventor
左凯龙
黄鹂
张正东
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2024251139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024251139A1/zh
Publication of WO2024251139A9 publication Critical patent/WO2024251139A9/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/0412—Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0445—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446—Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • H10K59/1201—Manufacture or treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/35—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels
    • H10K59/353—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising red-green-blue [RGB] subpixels characterised by the geometrical arrangement of the RGB subpixels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/30—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission
    • H10K59/38—Devices specially adapted for multicolour light emission comprising colour filters or colour changing media [CCM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04102—Flexible digitiser, i.e. constructional details for allowing the whole digitising part of a device to be flexed or rolled like a sheet of paper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04103—Manufacturing, i.e. details related to manufacturing processes specially suited for touch sensitive devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04111—Cross over in capacitive digitiser, i.e. details of structures for connecting electrodes of the sensing pattern where the connections cross each other, e.g. bridge structures comprising an insulating layer, or vias through substrate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041—Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04112—Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly to a display panel and a method for preparing the same, and a touch display device.
  • COE Color Filter On Encapsulation
  • OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • COE technology can improve the light transmittance of the display device, thereby reducing the power consumption of the display screen and improving the battery life of mobile terminal products.
  • POL polarizer
  • the COE structure will bring some problems compared to POL, such as more severe viewing angle brightness decay (L_decay).
  • An object of some embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a display panel and a method for manufacturing the same, and a touch display device, so as to improve the problem of too fast brightness decay of a COE screen under viewing angle.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a display panel, comprising: a display substrate, the display substrate comprising a base substrate and a plurality of pixel units arranged on the base substrate, each pixel unit comprising a plurality of sub-pixels; a color film layer arranged on the display substrate, the color film layer comprising a plurality of color film units, and an opening area between adjacent color film units; a plurality of tactile sensing units, the tactile sensing units being arranged in the opening area, the tactile sensing units comprising a black shading material, the orthographic projection of the black shading material on the base substrate covering the opening area.
  • the tactile sensing unit includes: a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, at least one of the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the electrolyte layer includes the black shading material; the interface between the first electrode layer and the electrolyte layer is a first interface, and the interface between the second electrode layer and the electrolyte layer is a second interface, the first electrode layer is connected to a first voltage signal, and the second electrode layer is connected to a second voltage signal, and there is a voltage difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal, so that interface capacitance is formed at the first interface and the second interface respectively, and the interface capacitance at the first interface and/or the second interface changes in response to a touch operation performed by a user, and recovers after the touch operation ends.
  • At least one of the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the electrolyte layer has a gap.
  • the gap at the corresponding position is compressed, the effective contact area of the first interface and/or the second interface increases, and the interface capacitance increases.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer include: a composite film layer of polymer fibers and conductive nanomaterials, wherein the conductive nanomaterials are: black conductive nanomaterials; and the electrolyte layer includes: composite fibers of elastic polymer materials and electrolyte materials.
  • the material of the polymer fiber includes: one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene and nylon;
  • the conductive nanomaterial is: carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or graphene;
  • the elastic polymer material includes: one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane, polyethylene and nylon;
  • the electrolyte material includes: one or more of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate and tert-butyl peroxyacetate.
  • the first electrode layers of adjacent tactile sensing units are separated, and the second electrode layers of the tactile sensing units are connected to each other.
  • the display panel further includes: a ground signal line and a touch signal line corresponding to each of the tactile sensing units, the first electrode layer of the tactile sensing unit is connected to the corresponding touch signal line, the touch signal line is configured to transmit the touch signal of the corresponding tactile sensing unit, and the second electrode layer of the tactile sensing unit is connected to the ground signal line.
  • the first electrode layer is closer to the display substrate than the second electrode layer
  • the display panel further includes: a conductive pattern layer disposed on a side of the first electrode layer close to the display substrate, wherein the touch signal line is disposed in the conductive pattern layer.
  • the conductive pattern layer is made of a transparent conductive material.
  • the first electrode layer is closer to the display substrate than the second electrode layer
  • the display substrate includes: a light-emitting device layer arranged on the base substrate, the light-emitting device layer including a plurality of light-emitting devices for constituting the plurality of pixel units; a metal routing layer is arranged between the base substrate and the light-emitting device layer, the touch signal line is arranged in the metal routing layer, and the first electrode layer of the tactile sensing unit is connected to the touch signal line through a via.
  • the light-emitting device layer includes a pixel defining layer, the pixel defining layer has a pixel opening, and the light-emitting device is arranged at the pixel opening; along a direction perpendicular to the substrate, the insulating layer between the first electrode layer and the pixel defining layer, the pixel defining layer, and the insulating layer between the pixel defining layer and the metal wiring layer are provided with through holes that are connected in sequence, and a connecting portion is provided in the through hole, and the first electrode layer of the tactile sensing unit is connected to the corresponding touch signal line in the metal wiring layer through the connecting portion.
  • the display panel further includes a first inorganic encapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer and a second inorganic encapsulation layer;
  • the display substrate includes: a light-emitting device layer arranged on the base substrate, the first inorganic encapsulation layer is arranged on a side of the light-emitting device layer close to the color film layer and the tactile sensing unit, and the organic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer are sequentially stacked on a side of the color film layer and the tactile sensing unit away from the light-emitting device layer.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a method for preparing a display panel, the method comprising: providing a display substrate, the display substrate comprising a base substrate and a plurality of pixel units arranged on the base substrate, each pixel unit comprising a plurality of sub-pixels; forming a color film layer on the display substrate, the color film layer comprising a plurality of color film units, and an opening area between adjacent color film units; forming a plurality of tactile sensing units in the opening area in the color film layer, the tactile sensing units comprising a black shading material, the orthographic projection of the black shading material on the base substrate covering the opening area.
  • a plurality of tactile sensing units are formed in the opening region of the color film layer, including: forming a first electrode layer of each tactile sensing unit in the opening region, and the first electrode layers of adjacent tactile sensing units are separated; forming an electrolyte layer on the first electrode layer in the opening region; and forming an electrolyte layer on the electrolyte layer in the opening region.
  • a second electrode layer is formed on the substrate layer.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a display device, comprising: the display panel provided in the first aspect above.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of tactile sensing units in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a tactile sensing unit in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel in a comparative embodiment
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a state of a tactile sensing unit in a first stage in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a state of a tactile sensing unit in a second stage in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a tactile sensing unit in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the first electrode layer of each tactile sensing unit in some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel in some other embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG10 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a display panel in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11a to 11h are schematic diagrams of a first exemplary process flow of display panels in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • 12a-12h are schematic diagrams of a second exemplary process flow for displaying a panel in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a and/or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the term "plurality" used herein includes two or more than two.
  • parallel includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate parallelism may be, for example, a deviation within 5°;
  • perpendicular includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate perpendicularity may also be, for example, a deviation within 5°.
  • equal includes absolute equality and approximate equality, wherein the acceptable deviation range of approximate equality may be, for example, the difference between the two equalities is less than or equal to 5% of either one.
  • the display panel includes: a display substrate 10, a color filter layer 13 disposed on the display substrate 10, and a plurality of tactile sensing units 20.
  • the display substrate 10 includes: a base substrate and a plurality of pixel units disposed on the base substrate, each pixel unit including a plurality of sub-pixels.
  • the substrate substrate may be a rigid substrate.
  • the rigid substrate may include, for example, a glass substrate, a PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) substrate, a silicon substrate, etc.
  • the display panel may be a rigid display panel.
  • the substrate substrate may be a rigid substrate. It may be a flexible substrate.
  • the flexible substrate may include, for example, a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, a PEN (Polyethylene naphthalate two formic acid glycol ester) substrate, or a PI (Polyimide) substrate.
  • the display panel may be a flexible display panel.
  • the substrate may be a one-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
  • the substrate may include at least one flexible substrate and at least one buffer layer, and the flexible substrate and the buffer layer are alternately stacked.
  • the plurality of pixel units are distributed in an array in a first direction and a second direction. That is, the plurality of pixel units are arranged in M rows and N columns, where M and N are integers greater than or equal to 2.
  • the first direction is the pixel row direction
  • the second direction is the pixel column direction.
  • the first direction and the second direction intersect, such as being perpendicular to each other.
  • Each pixel unit includes multiple sub-pixels, each of which can display a single color, such as red sub-pixels display red, green sub-pixels display green, and blue sub-pixels display blue.
  • the brightness (grayscale) of sub-pixels of different colors in each pixel can be adjusted, and multiple colors can be displayed through color combination and superposition, thereby realizing full-color display of the display panel.
  • Each sub-pixel may include a light-emitting device 101 and a pixel driving circuit for driving the light-emitting device 101.
  • the light-emitting device 101 may be an organic light-emitting diode, a micro organic light-emitting diode (Micro Organic Light Emitting Diode, Micro OLED), a quantum dot organic light-emitting diode (Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes, QLED), etc.
  • a red sub-pixel may include a light-emitting device 101 for emitting red light
  • a green sub-pixel may include a light-emitting device 101 for emitting green light
  • a blue sub-pixel may include a light-emitting device 101 for emitting red light.
  • the pixel driving circuit may include multiple electronic components such as transistors and capacitors.
  • the pixel driving circuit may include three transistors and one capacitor, forming a 3T1C (i.e., one driving transistor, two switching transistors, and one capacitor). It may also include more than three transistors and at least one capacitor, such as a 4T1C (i.e., one driving transistor, three switching transistors, and one capacitor).
  • the transistor may be a thin film transistor (TFT), a field effect transistor (MOS), or other switching devices with the same characteristics.
  • the transistor may include a control electrode, a first electrode, and a second electrode.
  • the control electrode is the gate of the transistor
  • the first electrode is one of the source and drain of the transistor
  • the second electrode is the other of the source and drain of the transistor. Since the source and drain of the transistor may be symmetrical in structure, the source and drain may be structurally indistinguishable, so the source of the transistor is called the first electrode, and may also be called the second electrode.
  • FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of the stacking relationship of multiple layers included in the display panel provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the display substrate 10 includes: a backplane layer 100 (BP Layer) and a light-emitting device layer.
  • the backplane layer 100 includes the above-mentioned base substrate and a pixel driving circuit layer disposed on the base substrate.
  • the pixel driving circuit layer includes a plurality of pixel driving circuits arrayed in a first direction and a second direction.
  • the light-emitting device layer is used to form a light-emitting device 101 for each sub-pixel.
  • the light-emitting device layer and the pixel driving circuit layer together constitute a plurality of pixel units disposed on the base substrate.
  • the pixel driving circuit layer may include an active layer, a first gate metal layer (Gate1), a second gate metal layer (Gate2), a first metal wiring layer (SD1) and a second metal wiring layer (SD2), and these functional layers are configured to form transistors, capacitors and multiple signal lines for pixel driving in the pixel driving circuit.
  • the multiple signal lines may include: power signal lines, data signal lines, reset signal lines, scan signal lines, enable signal lines and initialization signal lines, etc.
  • the pixel driving circuit layer may also include an insulating layer that separates these functional layers. It should be noted that the functional layers of the pixel driving circuit layer listed above are only for illustration. In other examples, the pixel driving circuit layer may also include more or fewer functional layers, for example, more metal wiring layers, which are specifically set according to the needs of the actual product, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the light emitting device layer may include: a pixel defining layer 102 and a plurality of light emitting devices 101.
  • the pixel defining layer 102 has a plurality of pixel openings, and one pixel opening defines the position of one light emitting device 101.
  • the material of the pixel defining layer 102 may include a black light shielding material to absorb ambient light incident from the outside, reduce the ambient light reflectivity of the display panel, and also help reduce crosstalk between adjacent sub-pixels.
  • the light emitting device 101 may include an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode stacked in sequence.
  • the light emitting device layer may also include at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer disposed between the anode and the light emitting layer, and at least one of an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer disposed between the cathode and the light emitting layer, which may be specifically arranged according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the structure of the anode can be a composite structure composed of a transparent conductive oxide film/metal film/transparent conductive oxide film stacked in sequence.
  • the material of the transparent conductive oxide film is, for example, any one of ITO (Indium tin oxide) and IZO (Indium zinc oxide), and the material of the metal film is, for example, any one of gold (Au), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni) and platinum (Pt).
  • the structure of the anode can also be a single-layer structure, and the material of the single-layer structure can be any one of ITO, IZO, Au, Ag, Ni, and Pt.
  • Each pixel opening exposes a portion of the anode of the corresponding light-emitting device 101 , and at least a portion of the light-emitting layer is located in the corresponding pixel opening and is electrically connected to the corresponding anode.
  • the cathodes of the light emitting devices 101 may be electrically connected to each other to form an integrated structure. Any one of aluminum (Al), silver (Ag) and magnesium (Mg), or any one of magnesium-silver alloy and aluminum-lithium alloy.
  • the display panel further comprises an encapsulation layer disposed on the side of the light emitting device layer away from the base substrate to protect the light emitting device 101.
  • the color filter layer 13 is disposed on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the base substrate.
  • the display panel may include a first inorganic encapsulation layer 111, an organic encapsulation layer 112, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 113.
  • the first inorganic encapsulation layer 111 is disposed on a side of the light-emitting device layer close to the color filter layer 13 and the tactile sensing unit 20, that is, disposed between the color filter layer 13 and the light-emitting device layer, and the organic encapsulation layer 112 and the second inorganic encapsulation layer 113 may be sequentially stacked on the side of the color filter layer 13 and the tactile sensing unit 20 away from the light-emitting device layer.
  • the first inorganic encapsulation layer 111, the organic encapsulation layer 112 and the second inorganic encapsulation layer 113 may all be disposed between the color filter layer 13 and the light-emitting device layer, depending on actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the color filter layer 13 may include a plurality of color filter units 131.
  • Each color filter unit 131 corresponds to at least one sub-pixel, for example, a red sub-pixel corresponds to a red color filter unit 131R, a green sub-pixel corresponds to a green color filter unit 131G, and a blue sub-pixel corresponds to a blue color filter unit 131B.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary arrangement schematic diagram of the tactile sensing unit 20, and each solid line small box in FIG. 2 represents a tactile sensing unit 20.
  • the above-mentioned multiple tactile sensing units 20 can be distributed in an array on the display substrate 10. It should be noted that the number, shape and arrangement of the tactile sensing units 20 shown in FIG. 2 are only for illustration and are not intended to be limiting. The specific needs need to be set according to actual needs.
  • the capacitance value change of each tactile sensing unit 20 can be detected, thereby determining whether a touch operation occurs on the screen and the position where the touch operation occurs.
  • each tactile sensing unit 20 may correspond to a ⁇ b sub-pixels, where a and b are both integers greater than or equal to 1, and may be set according to the actual touch accuracy requirements.
  • FIG3 takes the case where each tactile sensing unit 20 corresponds to 4 ⁇ 4 sub-pixels as an example, and shows a top view schematic diagram of a single tactile sensing unit 20 in FIG2 . As shown in FIG3 , the tactile sensing unit 20 is arranged in the opening area 132 between the 4 ⁇ 4 color film units 131 corresponding to the 4 ⁇ 4 sub-pixels, in a grid-like structure.
  • the touch sensing unit 20 includes a black shading material, and the orthographic projection of the black shading material on the base substrate covers the opening area 132 between the color film units 131.
  • the orthographic projection of the upper port of the opening area 132 between each color film unit 131 on the base substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the distribution area of the black shading material on the base substrate.
  • the touch sensing unit 20 can also replace the traditional black matrix as a shading structure to absorb external ambient light, so that the display panel appears dark when the screen is turned off.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a COE display panel provided by a comparative embodiment.
  • the display panel includes, from bottom to top: a backplane layer 410, a light emitting device layer 420, an encapsulation layer 430, a touch structure layer 440, a color filter layer 450, a black matrix 460 and a cover plate 470.
  • the encapsulation layer 430 includes: a first inorganic encapsulation layer 431, an organic encapsulation layer 432, and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 433.
  • the touch structure layer 440 includes: a first inorganic insulating layer 441 (such as silicon nitride), a first touch metal layer 442, a second inorganic insulating layer 443 (such as silicon nitride), a first touch metal layer 444 and an organic layer 445 stacked in sequence.
  • the touch structure layer 440 is arranged between the encapsulation layer 430 and the color filter layer 450, resulting in the color filter layer 450 being far away from the light-emitting device in a direction perpendicular to the substrate.
  • the black matrix 460 will block the light from the light-emitting device 101, affecting the light-emitting route of the side viewing angle, resulting in the deterioration of the viewing angle brightness attenuation (L_decay), affecting the user experience.
  • the reflectivity is high in the dark state, and the process flow is complicated.
  • the display panel provided in this embodiment abandons the traditional touch structure layer 440 and the black matrix 460 between the color film units 131, and realizes the touch function and the shading function by setting a plurality of tactile sensing units 20 in the opening area 132 between the color film units 131.
  • it can reduce the distance between the color film layer 13 and the light-emitting device 101 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, thereby reducing the absorption of the black shading material contained in the tactile sensing unit 20 on the large viewing angle light emitted by the light-emitting device 101, which is beneficial to improve the problem of too fast viewing angle brightness attenuation of traditional touch products based on COE technology.
  • it can also reduce the thickness of the display panel, for example, it can be reduced by 1 to 5 ⁇ m, which is conducive to folding. The thinner the screen, the smaller the stress generated at the folding point.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 may include: a first electrode layer 201, a second electrode layer 202, and an electrolyte layer 210 located between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202.
  • the first electrode layer 201 is connected to a first voltage signal
  • the second electrode layer 202 is connected to a second voltage signal.
  • There is a voltage difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal that is, one of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 is positively charged and the other is negatively charged.
  • the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal can be connected according to the actual application scenario. For example, one of them can be a positive voltage signal and the other can be a zero voltage signal or a negative voltage signal.
  • one of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 can be grounded, and the other can be connected to the signal input terminal of the capacitance detection circuit. Since the voltage at the signal input terminal is positive, the grounded electrode layer is negatively charged, and the electrode layer connected to the signal input terminal is positively charged.
  • the interface between the first electrode layer 201 and the electrolyte layer 210 is the first interface 221, and the interface between the second electrode layer 202 and the electrolyte layer 210 is the second interface 222.
  • the electrolyte layer 210 contains positively charged ions and negatively charged ions. When one of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 is positively charged and the other is negatively charged, the positive and negative charges in the electrolyte layer 210 are attracted to the first interface 221 and the second interface 222 respectively by the Coulomb force, and the interface capacitance is formed at the first interface 221 and the second interface 222 respectively, that is, a double-layer capacitance is formed, which can provide a specific capacitance with an ultra-high capacitance value.
  • the interface capacitance at the first interface 221 and/or the second interface 222 can change in response to the touch operation performed by the user, that is, the total capacitance value of the tactile sensing unit 20 will also change, and will recover after the touch operation ends.
  • the capacitance detection circuit can detect the capacitance change of the tactile sensing unit 20 at the corresponding position, thereby realizing the touch function.
  • the first electrode layer 201 is positively charged and the second electrode layer 202 is negatively charged.
  • the negative charges in the electrolyte layer 210 are attracted by the Coulomb force and arranged at the first interface 221 to form an interface capacitor, and the positive charges are attracted by the Coulomb force and arranged at the second interface 222 to form an interface capacitor, that is, an electric double layer (EDL) capacitor.
  • EDL electric double layer
  • At least one of the first electrode layer 201, the second electrode layer 202, and the electrolyte layer 210 has a gap.
  • the gap at the corresponding position is After the touch operation is completed, the first electrode layer 201, the second electrode layer 202 and the electrolyte layer 210 recover from the compressed state, and the interface capacitance also recovers to the capacitance value before the compression.
  • the touch control process and principle of the display panel can be divided into two stages: the first stage is the original state of the screen, and the second stage is the stage where the finger touches the screen and the pressure increases.
  • Stage 1 As shown in FIG5 , the screen is not subjected to external force. Due to the existence of the gap, the direct contact area (i.e., effective contact area) between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 and the electrolyte layer 210 is small. The loose contact causes a small number of charge pairs to be attracted and arranged at the first interface 221 and the second interface 222 by Coulomb force. At this time, the capacitance value is relatively low. For the sake of distinction, the capacitance value of the tactile sensing unit 20 in the first stage is referred to as the initial capacitance value.
  • the second stage As shown in FIG6 , the finger touches the screen and the pressure F increases, the gaps in the first electrode layer 201, the second electrode layer 202 and the electrolyte layer 210 are compressed, the distance between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 is reduced, and the effective contact area at the first interface 221 and the second interface 222 is increased, the electric field is enhanced, and more charge pairs are promoted to migrate to the first interface 221 and the second interface 222, thereby obtaining a higher measured capacitance.
  • the double-layer capacitor formed based on the ionization effect has a higher capacitance value, which is at least 3 orders of magnitude larger than the traditional parallel plate capacitive tactile sensor based on static charge, which is conducive to improving the touch detection accuracy.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 returns to the initial capacitance value of the first stage.
  • FIG7 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the tactile sensing unit 20.
  • the interface capacitance formed at the first interface 221 in FIG5 and FIG6 is represented as an equivalent capacitance Cb
  • the interface capacitance formed at the second interface 222 is represented as an equivalent capacitance Ct
  • the resistance of the electrolyte layer 210 is represented as an equivalent resistance R.
  • the first end of the equivalent capacitance Ct is grounded
  • the second end of the equivalent capacitance Ct, the equivalent resistance R, and the first end of the equivalent capacitance Cb are connected in series
  • the second end of the equivalent capacitance Cb is used to connect the capacitance detection circuit, for example, the voltage of the connection end can be represented as +V.
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor Ct and/or the capacitor Cb changes, the total capacitance value Ctotal of the tactile sensing unit 20 will also change, thereby realizing touch detection.
  • At least one of the first electrode layer 201, the second electrode layer 202 and the electrolyte layer 210 may include a black light-shielding material so that it has a light-shielding function, and the orthographic projection of the black light-shielding material on the base substrate covers the opening area 132 between the color filter units 131.
  • the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 may both include a black light-shielding material to achieve a better light-shielding effect and reduce the ambient light reflectivity in a dark state.
  • the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 may include: a composite film layer of polymer fibers and conductive nanomaterials.
  • the conductive nanomaterials may be randomly distributed on the polymer fibers to form a conductive network structure.
  • the polymer fibers have a large porosity and good resilience, which is conducive to increasing the capacitance change when the user touches and recovering when the touch ends.
  • the polymer material may include one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene, and nylon.
  • the conductive nanomaterial can be a black conductive nanomaterial, such as carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or graphene.
  • the black conductive nanomaterial is distributed on the polymer material fiber, so that the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 presents a black porous structure.
  • the black material can absorb ambient light, and on the other hand, the external ambient light can be reflected multiple times in the internal fiber structure, thereby being consumed, reducing the reflectivity of the screen when the screen is off.
  • the electrolyte layer 210 may include: a composite fiber of a polymer material and an electrolyte material.
  • the polymer material in the electrolyte layer 210 may be an elastic polymer material.
  • the elastic polymer material used may include but is not limited to any one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene, and nylon. It should be noted that the polymer material used in the electrolyte layer 210 may be the same as the polymer material used in the first and second electrode layers 202, or may be different, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the electrolyte material includes: one or more of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, and tert-butyl peroxyacetate.
  • the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 may be composite film layers of TPU fibers and carbon fibers (or carbon nanotubes); the electrolyte layer 210 may be a composite fiber film layer of TPU and solid electrolyte.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 mainly uses organic materials, which is beneficial to improving the bending performance when applied to COE folding products.
  • the touch signals of the above-mentioned multiple tactile sensing units 20 need to be independently led out so as to detect the change in the capacitance value of each tactile sensing unit 20 respectively.
  • the first electrode layers 201 of adjacent tactile sensing units 20 are separated so that the first electrode layers 201 of different tactile sensing units 20 are insulated from each other, presenting a plurality of independent grid structures. For example, assuming that m ⁇ n tactile sensing units 20 are arranged in the display panel, it is necessary to set up m ⁇ n first electrode layers 201 of the grid structure accordingly.
  • FIG8 takes the 2 ⁇ 2 tactile sensing units 20 surrounded by the dotted box in FIG2 as an example, and shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first electrode layers 201 of each tactile sensing unit 20. As shown in FIG8, the first electrode layers 201a, 201b, 201c, and 201d of the four tactile sensing units 20 are separated and insulated from each other.
  • the second electrode layers 202 of each tactile sensing unit 20 may be interconnected to form an integrated grid structure; the electrolyte layers 210 of each tactile sensing unit 20 may also be interconnected to form an integrated grid structure.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 can also use other tactile sensors that can be applied to the display panel.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 can use a capacitive flexible tactile sensor.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 includes an upper and lower electrode and a flexible insulating medium sandwiched between the upper and lower electrodes.
  • the tactile sensing unit 20 can also use a triboelectric tactile sensor. This embodiment does not limit this.
  • the display panel further includes: a ground signal line and a touch signal line corresponding to each tactile sensing unit 20.
  • the first electrode layer 201 is connected to the corresponding touch signal line
  • the touch signal line 240 is used to transmit the touch signal of the corresponding tactile sensing unit 20
  • the second electrode layer 202 of the tactile sensing unit 20 is connected to the ground signal line.
  • the touch signal of the tactile sensing unit 20 can be led out to the border area of the display panel through the touch signal line, and then routed from the border area to connect to the capacitance detection circuit.
  • the capacitance detection circuit can be set on a flexible printed circuit (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC) , and bind and connect with the display panel.
  • FPC Flexible Printed Circuit
  • touch signal line 240 There are many ways to arrange the touch signal line 240 .
  • the first electrode layer 201 is closer to the display substrate 10 than the second electrode layer 202 as an example, two ways to arrange the touch signal line are listed for description.
  • the touch signal line 240 can be arranged on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the base substrate.
  • the display panel also includes: a conductive pattern layer 12 arranged on the side of the first electrode layer 201 close to the display substrate 10, and the above-mentioned touch signal line is arranged in the conductive pattern layer 12.
  • the first inorganic encapsulation layer 111 and the above-mentioned conductive pattern layer 12 are sequentially stacked on the side of the light-emitting device layer away from the base substrate, so that the touch signal line can be connected to the first electrode layer 201 of the corresponding tactile sensing unit 20 through contact, without the need to add an additional via process.
  • the material of the conductive pattern layer 12 may be a transparent conductive material such as ITO to facilitate wiring and reduce the impact on display brightness.
  • the touch signal line 240 can be arranged in the metal wiring layer arranged between the base substrate and the light-emitting device layer, that is, the touch signal line 240 is arranged in the backplane layer 100.
  • the first electrode layer 201 of each tactile sensing unit 20 is connected to the respective touch signal line 240 through vias.
  • the touch signal line 240 of each tactile sensing unit 20 can be arranged in the first metal wiring layer (SD1) in the pixel driving circuit layer; or, another metal wiring layer for arranging the touch signal line 240 can be added to the backplane layer 100, which is specifically arranged according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the insulating layer between the first electrode layer 201 and the pixel definition layer 102 (such as the first inorganic encapsulation layer 111 shown in FIG. 9 ), the pixel definition layer 102, and the insulating layer between the pixel definition layer 102 and the first metal wiring layer (SD1) (such as a flat layer, etc.) can be provided with through holes that are connected in sequence, and a connecting portion 231 is provided in the through hole.
  • the first electrode layer 201 of the tactile sensing unit 20 is connected to the corresponding touch signal line 240 in the first metal wiring layer (SD1) through the connecting portion 231.
  • the material of the connecting portion 231 is a conductive material, for example, it can be the same as the material of the first electrode layer 201, or it can also be different.
  • the display panel further includes a protective layer 14.
  • the material of the protective layer 14 may include: overcoat (OC), PET, ultra-thin glass (UTG), and colorless polyimide (CPI), etc., which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the protective layer 14 may be disposed on the side of the second inorganic encapsulation layer 113 away from the base substrate.
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a method for preparing a display panel, which is used to prepare the display panel provided in the first aspect. As shown in FIG10 , the method may include the following steps:
  • Step S101 providing a display substrate, the display substrate comprising a base substrate and a plurality of pixel units arranged on the base substrate, each pixel unit comprising a plurality of sub-pixels;
  • Step S102 forming a color filter layer on the display substrate, wherein the color filter layer includes a plurality of color filter units, and an opening area is provided between adjacent color filter units;
  • Step S103 forming a plurality of tactile sensing units in the opening area of the color filter layer, wherein the tactile sensing units include a black light-shielding material, and an orthographic projection of the black light-shielding material on the base substrate covers the opening area.
  • the step of forming a plurality of touch sensing units 20 in the opening area 132 of the color filter layer 13 may include: forming a first electrode layer 201 of each touch sensing unit 20 in the opening area 132 of the color filter layer 13, and forming a first electrode layer 201 of each touch sensing unit 20 in the opening area 132 of the color filter layer 13.
  • the first electrode layer 201 of the sensing unit 20 is separated; an electrolyte layer 210 is formed on the first electrode layer 201 in the opening area 132; and a second electrode layer 202 is formed on the electrolyte layer 210 in the opening area 132.
  • a first exemplary preparation process may include the following steps (1) to (10).
  • Step (1) forming a light-emitting device layer on the backplane layer 100 to obtain a display substrate 10 including a plurality of pixel units.
  • the material of the first inorganic encapsulation layer 111 can be made of any one or more inorganic insulating materials such as nitride, oxide, oxynitride, nitrate, etc.
  • the thickness of the first inorganic encapsulation layer 111 can be 1 to 3 ⁇ m, such as 2 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the conductive pattern layer 12 can be a transparent conductive material such as ITO, and the line width can be 2 to 4 ⁇ m, such as 2 ⁇ m.
  • the color filter layer 13 may include: a red color filter unit 131 (R CF), a green color filter unit 131 (G CF) and a blue color filter unit 131 (B CF), each color filter unit 131 corresponds to a light-emitting device 101.
  • the thickness of the color filter unit 131 may be 2 to 7 ⁇ m, and the horizontal distance d between the boundary of the color filter unit 131 and the same side boundary of the light-emitting device 101 below is 2 to 7 ⁇ m.
  • the horizontal distance d between the boundary of the color film unit 131 and the boundary of the light-emitting device 101 below can be 4 ⁇ m; when the thicknesses of the red color film unit 131, the green color film unit 131 and the blue color film unit 131 are 3 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m and 4 ⁇ m respectively, the horizontal distance d between the boundary of the color film unit 131 and the boundary of the light-emitting device 101 below can be 3 ⁇ m.
  • Step (5) Dissolve the conductive nanomaterial and the polymer material in a chemical solvent and blend them into a uniform mixture by ultrasonic vibration, and form a conductive nanomaterial/polymer fiber composite film in the opening area 132 of the color filter layer 13 by electrostatic spinning, thereby obtaining the first electrode layer 201 of each touch sensor unit 20, as shown in FIG11d.
  • the first electrode layer 201 of each touch sensor unit 20 contacts at least a portion of the corresponding touch signal line in the conductive pattern layer 12, so as to realize the connection between the first electrode layer 201 and the touch signal line 240.
  • the chemical solvent may include but is not limited to one or more combinations of dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, etc.
  • the conductive nanomaterial is randomly distributed on the polymer fiber, and the conductive nanomaterial has a high aspect ratio and good conductivity, forming a conductive network structure on the polymer fiber membrane.
  • the thickness of the composite film layer of polymer fiber and conductive nanomaterial can be 0.5-2 ⁇ m, such as 1 ⁇ m.
  • the polymer material can be one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene and nylon.
  • the conductive nanomaterial can be a black conductive nanomaterial such as carbon fiber, carbon nanotube or graphene.
  • Step (6) The ion solution and the elastic polymer material are dissolved in a chemical solvent and blended into a uniform mixture by ultrasonic vibration, and a layer of composite fibers of polymer material and solid electrolyte, i.e., electrolyte layer 210, is prepared on the composite film layer of polymer fiber and conductive nanomaterial formed in step (5) by electrospinning, as shown in FIG11e.
  • the thickness of the composite fiber layer can be 2 to 5 ⁇ m, such as 5 ⁇ m.
  • the ionic solution can be one or more of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and tert-butyl peroxyacetate.
  • the chemical solvent type can be the same as step (5).
  • the elastic polymer material can be one or more of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyethylene and nylon.
  • Step (7) On the electrolyte layer 210 prepared in step (6), the second electrode layer 202 of the tactile sensor unit 20 is prepared by electrospinning, as shown in FIG11f.
  • the preparation method and requirements may be the same as step (5).
  • Step (8) Form an organic encapsulation layer 112 on the color filter layer 13 and the second electrode layer 202 of the touch sensor unit 20, as shown in FIG11g.
  • an organic material layer may be formed on the color filter layer 13 and the second electrode layer 202 of the touch sensor unit 20 by inkjet printing (IJP) to perform organic encapsulation.
  • the thickness of the organic encapsulation layer 112 may be 6 to 12 ⁇ m, such as 8 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the second inorganic encapsulation layer 113 (CVD2) can be 0.5 to 3 ⁇ m, such as 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the material of the second inorganic encapsulation layer 113 (CVD2) can be silicon nitride.
  • the material of the protective layer 14 may include: overcoat (OC), PET, ultra-thin glass (UTG), colorless polyimide (CPI), etc.
  • the preparation of the touch structure layer 440 of the comparative embodiment shown in FIG4 by the conventional touch process requires 5 masks, and each mask needs to go through the processes of gluing, exposure, development, and etching, which requires at least 20 steps.
  • the preparation of the touch layer only requires 4 steps: forming a conductive pattern layer 12, an electrospinning first electrode layer 201, an electrospinning electrolyte layer 210, and an electrospinning second electrode layer 202, and the black matrix process (4 steps) is cancelled, which can reduce about 13 steps compared to traditional COE products. Therefore, the display panel provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure is also conducive to reducing product manufacturing processes, reducing production time, and reducing production costs.
  • the second exemplary preparation process may include the following steps (I) to (X).
  • the backplane layer 100 includes a first metal wiring layer (SD1) and a second wiring layer (SD2), and according to a pre-designed layout of a touch signal line 240 for each touch sensing unit 20, a plurality of touch signal lines 240 are formed in the first metal wiring layer (SD1), and each touch signal line 240 corresponds to a touch sensing unit 20.
  • CVD1 first inorganic encapsulation layer 111
  • CVD1 first inorganic encapsulation layer 111
  • the hole size can be 3 ⁇ m.
  • the specific preparation process of the first electrode layer 201 can refer to the steps in the first exemplary preparation process described above. (5) will not be elaborated here.
  • the specific preparation process of the electrolyte layer 210 can refer to step (6) in the first exemplary preparation process above, which will not be repeated here.
  • step (VI) please refer to step (7) in the first exemplary preparation process above, which will not be described again.
  • step (8) in the first exemplary preparation process above please refer to step (8) in the first exemplary preparation process above, which will not be described again.
  • CVD2 second inorganic encapsulation layer 113
  • step (9) in the first exemplary preparation process please refer to step (9) in the first exemplary preparation process, which will not be described in detail here.
  • CVD2 second inorganic encapsulation layer 113
  • some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a touch display device, including: a display panel provided by any embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the touch display device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a display, a car display, a digital photo frame, a smart terminal, a smart TV, a wearable display device, etc., and this embodiment does not limit this.
  • the display panel and its preparation method and the touch display device provided in some embodiments of the present disclosure abandon the traditional touch structure layer and the black matrix, and realize the touch function by setting a plurality of tactile sensing units in the opening area between the color film units.
  • the tactile sensing unit includes a black shading material, and the orthographic projection of the black shading material on the base substrate covers the opening area, so that the touch sensing unit also has a shading function.
  • the distance between the color film layer and the light-emitting device in the direction perpendicular to the base substrate can be reduced, thereby reducing the absorption of the wide-angle light emitted by the light-emitting device by the tactile sensing unit with a shading function, which is conducive to improving the problem of too fast brightness decay of the viewing angle of traditional touch products based on COE technology.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置，该显示面板包括：显示基板(10)、彩膜层(13)以及多个触觉传感单元(20)。显示基板(10)包括衬底基板以及多个像素单元。彩膜层(13)包括多个彩膜单元(131)，相邻彩膜单元(131)之间具有开口区域(132)。上述多个触觉传感单元(20)设置在各彩膜单元(131)之间的开口区域(132)。此外，触觉传感单元(20)包括黑色遮光材料，黑色遮光材料在衬底基板上的正投影覆盖各彩膜单元(131)之间的开口区域(132)。

Description

显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求于2023年06月07日提交的申请号为202310673654.X的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，涉及一种显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置。
背景技术
近年来，随着柔性OLED(Organic Light Emitting Diode，OLED)中COE(Color Filter On Encapsulation)技术的日渐成熟，采用COE技术代替偏光片(POL)已成为后续显示屏幕迭代的趋势。COE技术能够提升显示装置的出光透过率，从而降低显示屏幕的功耗，提高移动终端产品的续航能力。然而对于采用屏内触控结构的显示装置来讲，COE结构相比POL会带来一些问题，如视角亮度衰减(L_decay)更严重等。
发明内容
本公开一些实施例的目的在于提供一种显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置，以改善COE屏幕视角亮度衰减过快的问题。
第一方面，本公开一些实施例还提供了一种显示面板，包括：显示基板，所述显示基板包括衬底基板以及设置在所述衬底基板上的多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括多个子像素；设置在所述显示基板上的彩膜层，所述彩膜层包括多个彩膜单元，相邻彩膜单元之间具有开口区域；多个触觉传感单元，所述触觉传感单元设置在所述开口区域，所述触觉传感单元包括黑色遮光材料，所述黑色遮光材料在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述开口区域。
在一些实施方式中，所述触觉传感单元包括：第一电极层、第二电极层以及位于第一电极层与所述第二电极层之间的电解质层，所述第一电极层、第二电极层以及所述电解质层中的至少一层包括所述黑色遮光材料；所述第一电极层与所述电解质层之间界面为第一界面，所述第二电极层与所述电解质层之间的界面为第二界面，所述第一电极层接入第一电压信号，所述第二电极层接入第二电压信号，所述第一电压信号与所述第二电压信号之间存在电压差，以使得所述第一界面和所述第二界面处分别形成界面电容，所述第一界面和/或所述第二界面处的界面电容响应于用户执行的触控操作而发生变化，并在所述触控操作结束后恢复。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一电极层、所述第二电极层以及所述电解质层中的至少一者具有空隙，当用户执行触控操作时，相应位置处的所述空隙被压缩，所述第一界面和/或所述第二界面的有效接触面积增加，所述界面电容增大。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一电极层以及所述第二电极层包括：高分子纤维与导电纳米材料的复合膜层，其中，所述导电纳米材料为：黑色的导电纳米材料；所述电解质层包括：弹性高分子材料与电解质材料的复合纤维。
在一些实施方式中，所述高分子纤维的材料包括：热塑性聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙稀以及尼龙中的一种或多种；所述导电纳米材料为：碳纤维、碳纳米管或者石墨烯；所述弹性高分子材料包括：热塑性聚氨酯、聚乙稀以及尼龙的一种或多种；所述电解质材料包括：1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐以及过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种或多种。
在一些实施方式中，相邻所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层之间隔断开，各个所述触觉传感单元的第二电极层相互连接。
在一些实施方式中，上述显示面板还包括：接地信号线以及每个所述触觉传感单元各自对应的触控信号线，所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层与对应的触控信号线连接，所述触控信号线被配置为传输对应触觉传感单元的触控信号，所述触觉传感单元的第二电极层与所述接地信号线连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一电极层相对于所述第二电极层更靠近所述显示基板，所述显示面板还包括：设置在第一电极层的靠近所述显示基板一侧的导电图案层，所述导电图案层中设置有所述触控信号线。
在一些实施方式中，所述导电图案层的材料为透明导电材料。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一电极层相对于所述第二电极层更靠近所述显示基板，所述显示基板包括：设置在所述衬底基板上的发光器件层，所述发光器件层包括多个发光器件，用于构成所述多个像素单元；所述衬底基板与所述发光器件层之间设置有金属走线层，所述触控信号线设置在所述金属走线层中，所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层与所述触控信号线通过过孔连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述发光器件层包括像素界定层，所述像素界定层具有像素开口，所述发光器件设置在所述像素开口处；沿垂直于所述衬底基板方向，所述第一电极层与所述像素界定层之间的绝缘层、所述像素界定层以及所述像素界定层与所述金属走线层之间的绝缘层设置有依次连通的通孔，所述通孔中设置有连接部，所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层通过所述连接部与所述金属走线层中的相应触控信号线连接。
在一些实施方式中，上述显示面板还包括第一无机封装层、有机封装层以及第二无机封装层；所述显示基板包括：设置在所述衬底基板上的发光器件层，所述第一无机封装层设置在所述发光器件层的靠近所述彩膜层以及所述触觉传感单元的一侧，所述有机封装层以及第二无机封装层依次层叠设置在所述彩膜层以及所述触觉传感单元的远离所述发光器件层的一侧。
第二方面，本公开一些实施例还提供了一种显示面板的制备方法，所述方法包括：提供显示基板，所述显示基板包括衬底基板以及设置在所述衬底基板上的多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括多个子像素；在所述显示基板上形成彩膜层，所述彩膜层包括多个彩膜单元，相邻彩膜单元之间具有开口区域；在所述彩膜层中的所述开口区域形成多个触觉传感单元，所述触觉传感单元包括黑色遮光材料，所述黑色遮光材料在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述开口区域。
在一些实施方式中，在所述彩膜层中的所述开口区域形成多个触觉传感单元，包括：在所述开口区域形成每个触觉传感单元的第一电极层，相邻所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层之间隔断开；在所述开口区域内的所述第一电极层上形成电解质层；在所述开口区域内的所述电解 质层上形成第二电极层。
第三方面，本公开一些实施例还提供了一种显示装置，包括：上述第一方面提供的显示面板。
上述说明仅是本公开一些实施例提供的技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本公开一些实施例的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本公开一些实施例的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本公开一些实施例的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本公开一些实施例中显示面板的结构示意图；
图2为本公开一些实施例中触觉传感单元的排布示意图；
图3为本公开一些实施例中触觉传感单元的设置示意图；
图4为一种对比实施例中显示面板的结构示意图；
图5为本公开一些实施例中触觉传感单元在第一阶段的状态示意图；
图6为本公开一些实施例中触觉传感单元在第二阶段的状态示意图；
图7为本公开一些实施例中触觉传感单元的等效电路图；
图8为本公开一些实施例中各触觉传感单元的第一电极层的排布示意图；
图9为本公开另一些实施例中显示面板的结构示意图；
图10为本公开一些实施例中显示面板的制备方法的流程图；
图11a-图11h为本公开一些实施例中显示面板的第一种示例性工艺流程示意图；
图12a-图12h为本公开一些实施例中显示面板的第二种示例性工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
需要说明的是，本文中出现的用语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。本文中出现的用语“多个”包括两个或大于两个的情况。
如本文所使用的那样，“约”、“大致”或“近似”包括所阐述的值以及处于特定值的可接受偏差范围内的平均值，其中所述可接受偏差范围如由本领域普通技术人员考虑到正在讨论的测量以及与特定量的测量相关的误差(即，测量系统的局限性)所确定。
如本文所使用的那样，“平行”、“垂直”、“相等”包括所阐述的情况以及与所阐述的情况相近似的情况，该相近似的情况的范围处于可接受偏差范围内，其中所述可接受偏差范围如由本领域普通技术人员考虑到正在讨论的测量以及与特定量的测量相关的误差(即，测量系统的局限性)所确定。例如，“平行”包括绝对平行和近似平行，其中近似平行的可接受偏差范围例如可以是5°以内偏差；“垂直”包括绝对垂直和近似垂直，其中近似垂直的可接受偏差范围例如也可以是5°以内偏差。“相等”包括绝对相等和近似相等，其中近似相等的可接受偏差范围内例如可以是相等的两者之间的差值小于或等于其中任一者的5％。
应当理解的是，当层或元件被称为在另一层或基板上时，可以是该层或元件直接在另一层或基板上，或者也可以是该层或元件与另一层或基板之间存在中间层。
第一方面，本公开一些实施例提供了一种显示面板。请参见图1-图3，该显示面板包括：显示基板10、设置在显示基板10上的彩膜层13以及多个触觉传感单元20。显示基板10包括：衬底基板以及设置在衬底基板上的多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括多个子像素。
例如，衬底基板可以为刚性衬底。该刚性衬底例如可以包括玻璃衬底、PMMA(Polymethyl methacrylate，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)衬底、硅衬底等。在此情况下，上述显示面板可以为刚性显示面板。
又例如，衬底基板可以为刚性衬底。可以为柔性衬底。该柔性衬底例如可以包括PET(Polyethylene terephthalate，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)衬底、PEN(Polyethylene naphthalate two formic acid glycol ester，聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)衬底或PI(Polyimide，聚酰亚胺)衬底等。在此情况下，上述显示面板可以为柔性显示面板。
需要说明的是，衬底基板可以为一层结构，也可以为多层结构。例如，衬底基板可以包括至少一个柔性衬底和至少一个缓冲层，柔性衬底和缓冲层交替层叠设置。
例如，多个像素单元在第一方向和第二方向上呈阵列分布。也就是说，多个像素单元排列成M行N列，M、N为大于或等于2的整数。第一方向为像素行方向，第二方向为像素列方向。第一方向和第二方向相交叉，如相互垂直。
每个像素单元包括多个子像素，每个子像素可以显示单一一种颜色，如红色子像素显示红色，绿色子像素显示绿色，蓝色子像素显示蓝色。每个像素中不同颜色的子像素的亮度(灰阶)可被调节，通过颜色组合和叠加可以实现多种颜色的显示，从而实现显示面板的全彩化显示。
每个子像素可以包括发光器件101以及用于驱动该发光器件101的像素驱动电路。例如，发光器件101可以为有机发光二极管、微型有机发光二极管(Micro Organic Light-Emitting Diode，Micro OLED)、量子点有机发光二极管(Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes，QLED)等。例如，红色子像素可以包括用于发红光的发光器件101，绿色子像素可以包括用于发绿光的发光器件101，蓝色子像素可以包括用于发红光的发光器件101。
像素驱动电路可以包括多个晶体管和电容器等电子元件。例如，像素驱动电路均可以包括三个晶体管和一个电容器，构成3T1C(即一个驱动晶体管、两个开关晶体管和一个电容器)。还可以包括三个以上的晶体管和至少一个电容器，如4T1C(即一个驱动晶体管、三个开关晶体 管和一个电容器)、5T1C(即一个驱动晶体管、四个开关晶体管和一个电容器)或7T1C(即一个驱动晶体管、六个开关晶体管和一个电容器)等。其中，晶体管可以为薄膜晶体管(Thin Film Transistor，简称TFT)、场效应晶体管(metal oxide semiconductor，简称MOS)或其他特性相同的开关器件。
可以理解的是，晶体管可以包括控制极、第一极和第二极。其中，控制极为晶体管的栅极，第一极为晶体管的源极和漏极中一者，第二极为晶体管的源极和漏极中另一者。由于晶体管的源极、漏极在结构上可以是对称的，所以其源极、漏极在结构上可以是没有区别的，于是晶体管的源极被称为第一极，也可以被称为第二极。
图1示出了本公开一些实施例提供的显示面板包含的多个层的层叠关系示意图。如图1所示，显示基板10包括：背板层100(BP Layer)以及发光器件层。背板层100包括上述衬底基板以及设置在衬底基板上的像素驱动电路层。像素驱动电路层包括在第一方向和第二方向上阵列分布的多个像素驱动电路。发光器件层用于形成每个子像素的发光器件101。发光器件层以及像素驱动电路层共同构成设置在衬底基板上的多个像素单元。
例如，像素驱动电路层可以包括有源层、第一栅金属层(Gate1)、第二栅金属层(Gate2)、第一金属走线层(SD1)以及第二金属走线层(SD2)，这些功能层被配置为形成像素驱动电路中的晶体管、电容器以及用于像素驱动的多条信号线。例如，多条信号线可以包括：电源信号线、数据信号线、复位信号线、扫描信号线和使能信号线以及初始化信号线等，具体可以参见相关技术，此处不再详述。像素驱动电路层还可以包括将这些功能层间隔开的绝缘层。需要说明的是，上述所列出的像素驱动电路层的功能层仅为示意，在其他示例中，像素驱动电路层也可以包括更多或更少的功能层，例如，还可以包括更多的金属走线层，具体根据实际产品的需要设置，本实施例对此不做限制。
如图1所示，发光器件层可以包括：像素界定层102以及多个发光器件101。像素界定层102具有多个像素开口，一个像素开口界定一个发光器件101的位置。例如，像素界定层102的材料可以包括黑色遮光材料，以便于吸收外界入射的环境光，降低显示面板的环境光反射率，同时也有利于减小相邻子像素之间的串扰。
例如，沿远离衬底基板的方向，发光器件101可以包括依次层叠设置的阳极、发光层以及阴极。当然，发光器件层还可以包括设置在阳极和发光层之间的空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层中的至少一者，设置在阴极和发光层之间的电子注入层、电子传输层、空穴阻挡层中的至少一者，具体根据实际需要设置，本实施例对此不做限制。
例如，阳极的结构可以为由透明导电氧化物薄膜/金属薄膜/透明导电氧化物薄膜依次层叠构成的复合结构。其中，上述透明导电氧化物薄膜的材料例如为ITO(Indium tin oxide，氧化铟锡)和IZO(Indium zinc oxide氧化铟锌)中的任意一种，上述金属薄膜的材料例如为金(Au)、银(Ag)、镍(Ni)和铂(Pt)中的任意一种。又例如，阳极的结构也可以为单层结构，单层结构的材料可以为ITO、IZO、Au、Ag、Ni、Pt中的任意一种。
每个像素开口露出相应发光器件101的阳极的一部分区域，发光层的至少一部分区域位于相应像素开口内，与相应阳极形成电连接。
例如，各发光器件101的阴极可以相互电连接，呈一体结构。例如，阴极的材料可以为 铝(Al)、银(Ag)和镁(Mg)中的任意一种，或者镁银合金和铝锂合金中的任意一种。
为了保护发光器件101，显示面板还包括设置在发光器件层的远离衬底基板一侧的封装层，以保护发光器件101。彩膜层13设置在封装层的远离衬底基板一侧。
在一些示例中，显示面板可以包括第一无机封装层111、有机封装层112和第二无机封装层113。如图1所示，作为一种实施方式，第一无机封装层111设置在发光器件层的靠近彩膜层13以及触觉传感单元20的一侧，即设置在彩膜层13与发光器件层之间，而有机封装层112以及第二无机封装层113可以依次层叠设置在彩膜层13以及触觉传感单元20的远离发光器件层的一侧。这样相当于是将彩膜层13和触觉传感单元20设置在了发光器件层的封装层之中，一方面有利于减小彩膜单元131与发光器件101在垂直于衬底基板方向上的距离，从而改善视角亮度衰减(L_decay)问题，另一方面也可以实现对彩膜单元131与触觉传感单元20的封装保护。
当然，在其他示例中，也可以将第一无机封装层111、有机封装层112和第二无机封装层113均设置在彩膜层13与发光器件层之间，具体根据实际需要设置，本实施例对此不做限制。
彩膜层13可以包括多个彩膜单元131。每个彩膜单元131至少对应一个子像素设置，例如，红色子像素对应红色彩膜单元131R，绿色子像素对应绿色彩膜单元131G，蓝色子像素对应蓝色彩膜单元131B。
相邻彩膜单元131之间具有开口区域132，上述多个触觉传感单元20设置在该开口区域132处。通过多个触觉传感单元20可以实现显示面板的触控功能。例如，图2示出了触觉传感单元20的一种示例性排布示意图，图2中的每个实线小方框表示一个触觉传感单元20。如图2所示，上述多个触觉传感单元20可以在显示基板10上呈阵列分布。需要说明的是，图2中示出的触觉传感单元20的数量、形状以及排布方式仅为示意，不作为限制，具体需要根据实际需要设置。通过预先存储每个触觉传感单元20在屏幕上的位置信息，分别处理各触觉传感单元20的触控信号，即可检测各触觉传感单元20的电容值变化，从而确定屏幕上是否发生触控操作以及触控操作发生的位置。
例如，每个触觉传感单元20可以对应a×b个子像素，其中，a与b均为大于或等于1的整数，具体可以根据实际触控精度的需要设置。图3中以每个触觉传感单元20对应4×4个子像素为例，示出了图2中的单个触觉传感单元20的俯视示意图。如图3所示，触觉传感单元20布设在这4×4个子像素对应的4×4个彩膜单元131之间的开口区域132，呈网格状结构。
触觉传感单元20包括黑色遮光材料，该黑色遮光材料在衬底基板上的正投影覆盖彩膜单元131之间的开口区域132。例如，各彩膜单元131之间开口区域132的上端口在衬底基板上的正投影位于该黑色遮光材料的分布区域在衬底基板上的正投影内。也就是说，触觉传感单元20除了用于实现触控功能以外，还能替代传统黑矩阵作为遮光结构吸收外界环境光，使得显示面板在熄屏时呈现暗态。
图4中示出了一种对比实施例提供的COE显示面板的结构示意图。如图4所示，该显示面板自下而上包括：背板层410、发光器件层420、封装层430、触控结构层440、彩膜层 450、黑矩阵460以及盖板470。其中，封装层430包括：第一无机封装层431、有机封装层432、第二无机封装层433。触控结构层440包括：依次层叠设置的第一无机绝缘层441(如氮化硅)、第一触控金属层442、第二无机绝缘层443(如氮化硅)、第一触控金属层444以及有机层445。该结构中，触控结构层440设置在封装层430与彩膜层450之间，导致沿垂直于衬底基板方向，彩膜层450距离发光器件较远，此时黑矩阵460会遮挡发光器件101出光，影响侧视角的出光路线，导致视角亮度衰减(L_decay)恶化，影响用户体验。而且暗态下反射率较高，工艺流程复杂等。
相比于对比实施例，本实施例提供的显示面板摒弃了传统触控结构层440以及彩膜单元131之间的黑矩阵460，通过在彩膜单元131之间的开口区域132设置多个触觉传感单元20，实现触控功能以及遮光功能。一方面，能够减小彩膜层13与发光器件101在垂直于衬底基板方向上的距离，从而减小触觉传感单元20包含的黑色遮光材料对发光器件101发出的大视角光线的吸收，有利于改善传统基于COE技术的触控产品视角亮度衰减过快的问题。另一方面还能够减小显示面板的厚度，例如，可以减小1～5μm，有利于折叠，屏幕越薄，折叠处产生的应力越小。
如图1所示，在一些示例中，触觉传感单元20可以包括：第一电极层201、第二电极层202以及位于第一电极层201与第二电极层202之间的电解质层210。具体实施时，第一电极层201接入第一电压信号，第二电极层202接入第二电压信号，第一电压信号与第二电压信号之间存在电压差，即使得第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的一者带正电，另一者带负电。其中，第一电压信号和第二电压信号可以根据实际应用场景接入，例如，其中一者可以为正电压信号，另一者为零电压信号或负电压信号。
为了方便布线，在一些示例中，可以将第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的一者接地，另一者连接到电容检测电路的信号输入端，由于信号输入端的电压为正，使得接地的电极层带负电，连接到信号输入端的电极层带正电。
第一电极层201与电解质层210之间界面为第一界面221，第二电极层202与电解质层210之间的界面为第二界面222。电解质层210中包含有带正电荷的离子和带负电荷的离子。在第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的一者带正电，另一者带负电时，受库伦力作用，电解质层210中的正、负电荷分别被吸引到第一界面221和第二界面222处，在第一界面221和第二界面222处分别形成界面电容，即形成双电层电容，能够提供具有超高电容值的比电容。第一界面221和/或第二界面222处的界面电容可以响应于用户执行的触控操作而发生变化即触觉传感单元20的总电容值也就会发生变化，并在所述触控操作结束后恢复。电容检测电路能够检测出相应位置处触觉传感单元20的电容变化，从而实现触控功能。
如图5所示，以第二电极层202接地，第一电极层201连接到电容检测电路为例，第一电极层201带正电，第二电极层202带负电。电解质层210中的负电荷受库伦力吸引排列在第一界面221处，形成界面电容，正电荷受库伦力吸引排列到第二界面222处，形成界面电容，即形成双电层(Electric Double Layer，EDL)电容。
在一些示例中，第一电极层201、第二电极层202以及电解质层210中的至少一者具有空隙。当用户执行触控操作时，在垂直于衬底基板方向上的压力作用下，相应位置处的空隙被 压缩，第一界面221和/或第二界面222的有效接触面积增加，界面电容增大。在触控操作结束后，第一电极层201、第二电极层202以及电解质层210从压缩状态恢复，界面电容也就恢复到受压之前的电容值。
以第一电极层201、第二电极层202和电解质层210的内部均具有空隙为例，显示面板的触控过程及原理可以分为两个阶段：第一阶段为屏幕原始状态，第二阶段为手指触摸屏幕且压力增加阶段。
第一阶段：如图5所示，屏幕未受到外力，由于空隙的存在，第一电极层201和第二电极层202与电解质层210的直接接触面积(即有效接触面积)较小，松散的接触导致少量电荷对通过库仑力吸引排列在第一界面221和第二界面222处，此时，具有较低的电容值。为了便于区分，将第一阶段触觉传感单元20的电容值称为初始电容值。
第二阶段：如图6所示，手指触摸屏幕且压力F增加，第一电极层201、第二电极层202和电解质层210内的空隙被压缩，第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的距离减小，第一界面221和第二界面222处的有效接触面积增大，增强了电场，促进更多的电荷对迁移到第一界面221和第二界面222处，从而得到更高的测量电容。基于离电效应形成的双电层电容具有较高的电容值，相比于传统的基于静电荷的平行板电容触觉传感器至少大3个数量级，有利于提高触控检测精度。
需要说明的是，当第二阶段结束即手指离开屏幕后，随着被压缩的空隙恢复，触觉传感单元20恢复到第一阶段的初始电容值。
图7示出了触觉传感单元20的等效电路图。图7中将图5和图6中第一界面221处形成的界面电容表示为等效电容Cb，第二界面222处形成的界面电容表示为等效电容Ct，电解质层210的电阻表示为等效电阻R。如图7所示，等效电容Ct的第一端接地，等效电容Ct的第二端、等效电阻R以及等效电容Cb的第一端串联，等效电容Cb的第二端用于连接电容检测电路，例如，连接端的电压可以表示为+V。当电容Ct和/或电容Cb的电容值发生变化时，触觉传感单元20的总电容值Ctotal也就会发生变化，从而实现触控检测。
为了尽量减少膜层设置，简化工艺，可以在选择各膜层材料时使得第一电极层201、第二电极层202以及电解质层210中的至少一层包括黑色遮光材料，使其兼具遮光功能，该黑色遮光材料在衬底基板上的正投影覆盖彩膜单元131之间的开口区域132。例如，第一电极层201和第二电极层202可以均包括黑色遮光材料，以达到较好的遮光效果，降低暗态下的环境光反射率。
在一些示例中，第一电极层201以及第二电极层202可以包括：高分子纤维与导电纳米材料的复合膜层。在一种可选的实施方式中，可以使得导电纳米材料随机分布在高分子材料纤维上，形成导电网络结构。高分子材料纤维具有较大的空隙率以及较好的回弹性能，有利于在用户触摸时增加电容变化量，并在结束触摸时恢复。例如，高分子材料可以包括热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙稀以及尼龙中的一种或多种。
导电纳米材料有多种，在一种可选的实施方式中，为了实现第一电极层201和第二电极层202兼具遮光功能，导电纳米材料可以采用黑色的导电纳米材料，如碳纤维、碳纳米管或石墨烯等。黑色的导电纳米材料分布在高分子材料纤维上，使得第一电极层201和第二电极层 202呈现为黑色多孔结构，熄屏状态下，一方面黑色材料可以吸收环境光，另一方面，外界环境光可在内部纤维结构内发生多次反射，从而被消耗掉，降低熄屏状态下屏幕的反射率。
在一些示例中，电解质层210可以包括：高分子材料与电解质材料的复合纤维。例如，为了增加电解质层210的可压缩性能，进一步减小上述第二阶段第一电极层201与第二电极层202之间的距离，电解质层210中的高分子材料可以采用弹性高分子材料，例如，所采用的弹性高分子材料可以包括但不限于热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚乙稀、尼龙中的任意一种或多种。需要说明的是，电解质层210采用的高分子材料与第一、第二电极层202采用的高分子材料可以相同，或者，也可以不同，本实施例对此不做限制。例如，电解质材料包括：1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐以及过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种或多种。
例如，在一些应用场景中，第一电极层201以及第二电极层202可以为TPU纤维和碳纤维(或碳纳米管)的复合膜层；电解质层210可以为TPU和固态电解质的复合纤维膜层。
相比于图4示出的对比实施例中包含有多层触控金属层以及多层无机绝缘层的触控结构层440，触觉传感单元20主要采用有机材料，当应用在COE折叠产品上时，有利于提高其弯折性能。
为了检测触控位置信息，上述多个触觉传感单元20的触控信号需要独立引出，以便分别检测每个触觉传感单元20的电容值变化。相邻触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201隔断开，以使得不同触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201相互绝缘，呈现为多个相互独立的网格状结构。例如，假设显示面板中布设有m×n个触觉传感单元20，则需要对应设置m×n个网格状结构的第一电极层201。图8中以图2中虚线框包围的2×2个触觉传感单元20为例，示出了各触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201的排布示意图。如图8所示，这四个触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201a、201b、201c、201d之间隔断开，相互绝缘。
为了简化工序，在一些示例中，各个触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202可以相互连接，呈一体的网格状结构；各个触觉传感单元20的电解质层210也可以相互连接，呈一体的网格状结构。
当然，除了上述双电层电容结构以外，触觉传感单元20也可以采用其他能够适用于显示面板的触觉传感器。例如，触觉传感单元20可以采用电容型柔性触觉传感器，此时，触觉传感单元20包括上、下电极以及夹设在上、下电极之间的柔性绝缘介质。当有外力按下时，柔性绝缘介质被压缩，上、下电极之间的距离减小，电容增大；当作用的外力释放后，因柔性绝缘介质自身具有弹性，可以回弹到起始位置，电容型柔性触觉传感器的电容值也会恢复到初始值，从而可以通过电容检测电路检测出相应位置处触觉传感单元20的电容变化，从而实现触控功能。又例如，触觉传感单元20还可以采用摩擦电型触觉传感器。本实施例对此不做限制。
在一些示例中，显示面板还包括：接地信号线以及每个触觉传感单元20各自对应的触控信号线。第一电极层201与对应的触控信号线连接，触控信号线240用于传输对应触觉传感单元20的触控信号，触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202与接地信号线连接。例如，可以通过触控信号线将触觉传感单元20的触控信号引出到显示面板的边框区，再从边框区走线，以连接到电容检测电路。例如，电容检测电路可以设置在柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit，FPC) 上，与显示面板绑定连接。
触控信号线240的布设方式有多种，下面以第一电极层201相对于第二电极层202更靠近显示基板10为例，列举两种触控信号线布设方式进行说明。
第一种，可以将触控信号线240布设在发光器件层的远离衬底基板一侧。例如，显示面板还包括：设置在第一电极层201的靠近显示基板10一侧的导电图案层12，导电图案层12中设置有上述触控信号线。例如，如图1所示，发光器件层的远离衬底基板一侧依次层叠设置第一无机封装层111以及上述导电图案层12，这样触控信号线可以与相应触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201通过接触连接，无需另外增加过孔工序。
例如，导电图案层12的材料可以为透明导电材料如ITO，以方便布线，减小对显示亮度的影响。
第二种，如图9所示，可以将触控信号线240布设在衬底基板与发光器件层之间设置的金属走线层中，即将触控信号线240设置在背板层100中。每个触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201分别通过过孔与各自的触控信号线240连接。例如，可以将各触觉传感单元20的触控信号线240布设在像素驱动电路层中的第一金属走线层(SD1)；或者，也可以在背板层100中另外增设一层用于布设触控信号线240的金属走线层，具体根据实际需要设置，本实施例对此不做限制。
以布设在第一金属走线层(SD1)为例，沿垂直于衬底基板方向，第一电极层201与像素界定层102之间的绝缘层(如图9中示出的第一无机封装层111)、像素界定层102以及像素界定层102与第一金属走线层(SD1)之间的绝缘层(如平坦层等)可以设置有依次连通的通孔，通孔中设置有连接部231，触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201通过连接部231与第一金属走线层(SD1)中的相应触控信号线240连接。其中，连接部231的材料为导电材料，例如，可以与第一电极层201的材料相同，或者，也可以不同。
在一些实施方式中，显示面板还包括保护层14，例如，保护层14的材料可以包括：固化膜(overcoat，OC)、PET以及超薄玻璃(Ultra-Thin Glass，UTG)与无色聚酰亚胺(Colorless Polyimide，CPI)等，本实施例对此不做限制。例如，如图1和图9所示，当有机封装层112和第二无机封装层113依次层叠设置在彩膜层13的远离衬底基板一侧时，保护层14可以设置在第二无机封装层113的远离衬底基板的一侧。
第二方面，本公开一些实施例还提供了一种显示面板的制备方法，用于制备上述第一方面提供的显示面板。如图10所示，该方法可以包括以下步骤：
步骤S101，提供显示基板，显示基板包括衬底基板以及设置在衬底基板上的多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括多个子像素；
步骤S102，在显示基板上形成彩膜层，彩膜层包括多个彩膜单元，相邻彩膜单元之间具有开口区域；
步骤S103，在彩膜层中的开口区域形成多个触觉传感单元，触觉传感单元包括黑色遮光材料，黑色遮光材料在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述开口区域。
在一些示例中，在彩膜层13中的开口区域132形成多个触觉传感单元20的步骤可以包括：在彩膜层13中的开口区域132形成每个触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201，相邻触觉传 感单元20的第一电极层201之间隔断开；在开口区域132内的第一电极层201上形成电解质层210；在开口区域132内的电解质层210上形成第二电极层202。
为了便于理解，下面介绍显示面板的两种示例性制备工艺流程。
请参照图11a-图11h，第一种示例性制备过程可以包括以下步骤(1)-步骤(10)。
步骤(1)：在背板层100上形成发光器件层，得到包括多个像素单元的显示基板10。
步骤(2)：通过化学气相沉积工艺在发光器件层上形成第一无机封装层111(CVD1)，如图11a所示。例如，第一无机封装层111的材料可以采用氮化物、氧化物、氮氧化物、硝酸盐等任意一种或多种无机绝缘材料制作而成。例如，第一无机封装层111的厚度可以为1～3μm，如可以为2μm。
步骤(3)：根据预先设计的每个触觉传感单元20的触控信号线240版图，在第一无机封装层111(CVD1)上形成导电图案层12，如图11b所示，导电图案层12包括：每个触觉传感单元20各自对应的触控信号线。例如，导电图案层12的材料可以为透明导电材料如ITO，走线宽度可以为2～4μm，如2μm。
步骤(4)：在导电图案层12上制备彩膜层13，如图11c所示。例如，彩膜层13可以包括：红色彩膜单元131(R CF)、绿色彩膜单元131(G CF)以及蓝色彩膜单元131(B CF)，每个彩膜单元131对应一个发光器件101。相邻彩膜单元131之间具有开口区域132。例如，彩膜单元131的厚度可以为2～7μm，彩膜单元131的边界与下方发光器件101的同侧边界水平距离d为2～7μm。例如，当红色彩膜单元131、绿色彩膜单元131以及蓝色彩膜单元131的厚度均为5μm时，彩膜单元131的边界与下方发光器件101同侧边界的水平距离d可以为4μm；当红色彩膜单元131、绿色彩膜单元131以及蓝色彩膜单元131的厚度分别为3μm、3μm、4μm时，彩膜单元131的边界与下方发光器件101边界的水平距离d可以为3μm。
步骤(5)：将导电纳米材料和高分子材料采用化学溶剂溶解并采用超声震荡的方式共混为均匀混合物，采用静电纺丝的方法在彩膜层13的开口区域132内形成导电纳米材料/高分子纤维复合膜，从而得到各个触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201，如图11d所示。每个触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201与导电图案层12中的相应触控信号线的至少部分区域接触，以实现第一电极层201与该触控信号线240的连接。
其中，化学溶剂可以包括但不限于二甲基甲酰胺以及四氢呋喃等中的一种或多种组合。导电纳米材料随机分布在高分子纤维上，导电纳米材料具有高长径比及良好的导电性，在高分子纤维膜上形成导电网络结构。
高分子纤维与导电纳米材料的复合膜层的厚度可以为0.5～2μm，如可以设置为1μm。高分子材料可以采用聚丙烯(PP)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚乙稀以及尼龙中的一种或多种。为了使得第一电极层201呈现为黑色，导电纳米材料可以采用黑色的导电纳米材料如碳纤维、碳纳米管或石墨烯等。
步骤(6)：将离子溶液和弹性高分子材料采用化学溶剂溶解并采用超声震荡的方式共混为均匀的混合物，用静电纺丝的方法在步骤(5)形成的高分子纤维与导电纳米材料的复合膜层上制备出一层高分子材料与固态电解质的复合纤维，即电解质层210，如图11e所示。例如，复合纤维层的厚度可以为2～5μm，如可以设置为5μm。
例如，离子溶液可以为1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐以及过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种或多种。化学溶剂类型可以同步骤(5)。弹性高分子材料可以为热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚乙稀以及尼龙中的一种或多种。
步骤(7)：在步骤(6)所制备的电解质层210上，采用静电纺丝的方法制备触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202，如图11f所示。制备方法和要求可以同步骤(5)。
步骤(8)：在彩膜层13以及触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202上形成有机封装层112，如图11g所示。例如，可以通过喷墨打印工艺(Ink Jet Printing，IJP)在彩膜层13以及触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202上形成一层有机材料层，对其进行有机封装。例如，有机封装层112的厚度可以为6～12μm，如可以设置为8μm。
步骤(9)：通过化学气相沉积工艺在步骤(8)形成的有机封装层112上形成第二无机封装层113(CVD2)，如图11h所示。例如，第二无机封装层113(CVD2)的厚度可以为0.5～3μm，如可以设置为0.8μm。第二无机封装层113(CVD2)的材料可以为氮化硅。
步骤(10)：在步骤图11h形成的第二无机封装层113(CVD2)上形成保护层14(Cover Layer)，得到图1所示的显示面板。例如，保护层14的材料可以包括：固化膜(overcoat，OC)、PET以及超薄玻璃(Ultra-Thin Glass，UTG)与无色聚酰亚胺(Colorless Polyimide，CPI)等。
可以理解的是，传统触控工艺如图4示出的对比实施例的触控结构层440制备需要5道Mask，每道Mask需要经过涂胶，曝光，显影，刻蚀工艺，至少需要20道工序。而在上述示例性制备过程中，触控层的制备只需采用4道工序：形成导电图案层12、静电纺丝第一电极层201、静电纺丝电解质层210以及静电纺丝第二电极层202，并且取消了黑矩阵工艺(4道工序)，相较传统COE产品，可减少13道左右工序。因此，本公开一些实施例提供的显示面板还有利于减少产品制作工序，减小生产耗时，降低生产成本。
请参照图12a-图12h，第二种示例性制备过程可以包括以下步骤(Ⅰ)-步骤(Ⅹ)。
步骤(Ⅰ)：提供背板层100，并在背板层100上形成发光器件层，得到包括多个像素单元的显示基板10。其中背板层100包括第一金属走线层(SD1)和第二走线层(SD2)，根据预先设计的每个触觉传感单元20的触控信号线240版图，在第一金属走线层(SD1)中形成有多根触控信号线240，每根触控信号线240对应一个触觉传感单元20。
步骤(Ⅱ)：在发光器件层上形成第一无机封装层111(CVD1)，如图12a所示。具体可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(2)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅲ)：在第一无机封装层111(CVD1)上形成彩膜层13，如图12b所示。具体可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(4)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅳ)：在彩膜层13中的开口区域132底部采用激光打孔的方式打孔，如图12c所示，孔230的位置起于第一无机封装层111(CVD1)，止于第一金属走线层(SD1)。例如，孔径大小可以为3μm。
步骤(Ⅴ)：如图12d所示，在彩膜层13的开口区域132内形成各触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201。需要说明的是，在形成第一电极层201的过程中，第一电极层201的材料填充到步骤(Ⅳ)形成的孔230中，实现触觉传感单元20的第一电极层201与相应触控信号线240的过孔连接。第一电极层201的具体制备过程可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤 (5)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅵ)：如图12e所示，在步骤(Ⅴ)形成的第一电极层201上制备各触觉传感单元20的电解质层210。电解质层210的具体制备过程可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(6)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅶ)：如图12f所示，在步骤(Ⅵ)形成的电解质层210上制备各触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202。具体可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(7)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅷ)：如图12g所示，在彩膜层13以及触觉传感单元20的第二电极层202上形成有机封装层112。具体可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(8)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅸ)：如图12h所示，在有机封装层112上形成第二无机封装层113(CVD2)。具体可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(9)，此处不再赘述。
步骤(Ⅹ)：在第二无机封装层113(CVD2)上形成保护层14，得到图9所示的显示面板。具体可以参照上述第一种示例性制备过程中的步骤(10)，此处不再赘述。
第三方面，本公开一些实施例还提供了一种触控显示装置，包括：本公开任意实施例提供的显示面板。例如，该触控显示装置可以为手机、平板电脑、显示器、车载显示屏、数码相框、智慧终端机、智能电视、穿戴式显示装置等，本实施例对此不做限制。
本公开一些实施例中提供的技术方案，至少具有如下技术效果或优点：本公开一些实施例提供的显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置，摒弃了传统触控结构层以及黑矩阵，通过在彩膜单元之间的开口区域设置多个触觉传感单元，实现触控功能。并且触觉传感单元包括黑色遮光材料，黑色遮光材料在衬底基板上的正投影覆盖该开口区域，使得触控传感单元兼具有遮光功能。这样能够减小彩膜层与发光器件在垂直于衬底基板方向上的距离，从而减小兼具遮光功能的触觉传感单元对发光器件发出的大视角光线的吸收，有利于改善传统基于COE技术的触控产品视角亮度衰减过快的问题。
在以上的描述中，对于产品各层的构图等技术细节并没有做出详细的说明。但是本领域技术人员应当理解，可以通过各种技术手段，来形成所需形状的层、区域等。另外，为了形成同一结构，本领域技术人员还可以设计出与以上描述的方法并不完全相同的方法。尽管在以上分别描述了各实施例，但是这并不意味着各个实施例中的措施不能有利地结合使用。
另外，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：以上任何实施例的讨论仅为示例性的，并非旨在暗示本公开的范围被限于这些例子；在本公开的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本公开一个或多个实施例的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明它们没有在细节中提供。
尽管已描述了本公开的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本公开范围的所有变更和修改。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种显示面板，包括：
    显示基板，所述显示基板包括衬底基板以及设置在所述衬底基板上的多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括多个子像素；
    设置在所述显示基板上的彩膜层，所述彩膜层包括多个彩膜单元，相邻彩膜单元之间具有开口区域；以及
    多个触觉传感单元，所述触觉传感单元设置在所述开口区域，所述触觉传感单元包括黑色遮光材料，所述黑色遮光材料在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述开口区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的显示面板，其中，所述触觉传感单元包括：第一电极层、第二电极层以及位于第一电极层与所述第二电极层之间的电解质层，所述第一电极层、第二电极层以及所述电解质层中的至少一层包括所述黑色遮光材料；
    所述第一电极层与所述电解质层之间界面为第一界面，所述第二电极层与所述电解质层之间的界面为第二界面，所述第一电极层接入第一电压信号，所述第二电极层接入第二电压信号，所述第一电压信号与所述第二电压信号之间存在电压差，以使得所述第一界面和所述第二界面处分别形成界面电容，所述第一界面和/或所述第二界面处的界面电容响应于用户执行的触控操作而发生变化，并在所述触控操作结束后恢复。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的显示面板，其中，所述第一电极层、所述第二电极层以及所述电解质层中的至少一者具有空隙，当用户执行触控操作时，相应位置处的所述空隙被压缩，所述第一界面和/或所述第二界面的有效接触面积增加，所述界面电容增大。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的显示面板，其中，所述第一电极层以及所述第二电极层包括：高分子纤维与导电纳米材料的复合膜层，其中，所述导电纳米材料为：黑色的导电纳米材料；
    所述电解质层包括：弹性高分子材料与电解质材料的复合纤维。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示面板，其中，所述高分子纤维的材料包括：热塑性聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚乙稀以及尼龙中的一种或多种；
    所述导电纳米材料为：碳纤维、碳纳米管或者石墨烯；
    所述弹性高分子材料包括：热塑性聚氨酯、聚乙稀以及尼龙的一种或多种；
    所述电解质材料包括：1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐以及过氧化乙酸叔丁酯中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的显示面板，其中，相邻所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层之间隔断开，各个所述触觉传感单元的第二电极层相互连接。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的显示面板，还包括：接地信号线以及每个所述触觉传感单元各自对应的触控信号线，所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层与对应的触控信号线连接，所述触控信号线被配置为传输对应触觉传感单元的触控信号，所述触觉传感单元的第二电极层与所述接地信号线连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的显示面板，其中，所述第一电极层相对于所述第二电极层更靠近所述显示基板，所述显示面板还包括：设置在第一电极层的靠近所述显示基板一侧的导电图案层，所述导电图案层中设置有所述触控信号线。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示面板，其中，所述导电图案层的材料为透明导电材料。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的显示面板，其中，所述第一电极层相对于所述第二电极层更靠近所述显示基板，所述显示基板包括：设置在所述衬底基板上的发光器件层，所述发光器件层包括多个发光器件，用于构成所述多个像素单元；
    所述衬底基板与所述发光器件层之间设置有金属走线层，所述触控信号线设置在所述金属走线层中，所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层与所述触控信号线通过过孔连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的显示面板，其中，所述发光器件层包括像素界定层，所述像素界定层具有像素开口，所述发光器件设置在所述像素开口处；
    沿垂直于所述衬底基板方向，所述第一电极层与所述像素界定层之间的绝缘层、所述像素界定层以及所述像素界定层与所述金属走线层之间的绝缘层设置有依次连通的通孔，所述通孔中设置有连接部，所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层通过所述连接部与所述金属走线层中的相应触控信号线连接。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的显示面板，还包括第一无机封装层、有机封装层以及第二无机封装层；
    所述显示基板包括：设置在所述衬底基板上的发光器件层，所述第一无机封装层设置在所述发光器件层的靠近所述彩膜层以及所述触觉传感单元的一侧，所述有机封装层以及第二无机封装层依次层叠设置在所述彩膜层以及所述触觉传感单元的远离所述发光器件层的一侧。
  13. 一种显示面板的制备方法，所述方法包括：
    提供显示基板，所述显示基板包括衬底基板以及设置在所述衬底基板上的多个像素单元，每个像素单元包括多个子像素；
    在所述显示基板上形成彩膜层，所述彩膜层包括多个彩膜单元，相邻彩膜单元之间具有开口区域；以及
    在所述彩膜层中的所述开口区域形成多个触觉传感单元，所述触觉传感单元包括黑色遮光 材料，所述黑色遮光材料在所述衬底基板上的正投影覆盖所述开口区域。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，在所述彩膜层中的所述开口区域形成多个触觉传感单元，包括：
    在所述开口区域形成每个触觉传感单元的第一电极层，相邻所述触觉传感单元的第一电极层之间隔断开；
    在所述开口区域内的所述第一电极层上形成电解质层；以及
    在所述开口区域内的所述电解质层上形成第二电极层。
  15. 一种触控显示装置，包括：权利要求1-12中任一项所述的显示面板。
PCT/CN2024/097461 2023-06-07 2024-06-05 显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置 Ceased WO2024251139A1 (zh)

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CN116761467A (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-09-15 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置
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CN112271197A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-26 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示基板及其制备方法、显示装置
CN212517208U (zh) * 2020-08-12 2021-02-09 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及显示装置
CN116761467A (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-09-15 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置

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CN112271197A (zh) * 2020-10-23 2021-01-26 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示基板及其制备方法、显示装置
CN116761467A (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-09-15 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示面板及其制备方法、触控显示装置

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