WO2024249986A1 - Surgical clip applier instruments with articulating jaws - Google Patents

Abstract

A surgical instrument for applying surgical clips to tissue comprises an end effector having first and second jaws that are movable between open and closed positions. The instrument comprises a drive member configured for distal translation from the shaft into the end effector to deliver one or more clips to the first and second jaws. The instrument further comprises at least one actuator rod extending through the shaft lateral of the drive member relative to the longitudinal axis and configured to move the jaws between the open and closed positions. Positioning the jaw actuator lateral of the drive member provides space for the drive member to deliver multiple clips to the jaws without interfering with the opening and closing of the jaws.

Description

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_- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --c-aton s aoowasee s cuarneeoen e awoec reveosoosone aroun aare vesse orssue.n aon,s avanceno neaws reaveoe sa aere caseen conureo removns a o.ne c eomuoeom eean,e enaemen eemens oerve memer are conro oe c wneaws oce onsreumweno. armse o ce co cmrosesrovrse an a secoonna aromssonvso reaav ceouo eeaco o eacer. oer aou ane an movaeeween oen an cose memers oners an secon arem cs, resurecerv ceom.rseessers an secon enaemen conureor removae counoers an secon enae emnena eememenen mse omeersr avre memer.e enaemen eemens arereeraoc e orons o eac oe armso ae near, or a,esa en n anoer ermeo enmsen o,ose eenaeene. are conureo rem men eemens oerve memer eemens ma,or exaomvae, c coomureseo arsr aonxm saeconoroan oe c.e enaemen secureoeneoron oe c. sa areasenwaro ers an secon enn emaeomemnen ese,meensr asr an seconaws eac comrse auerac. aserve me e conureo avance aoneueracs secon arms omee crs a areva oncemasaosnonoe oena ews.eraws ensuresaers an anoreaws are arcua eveneaws are oen, n cerane reaveoe sa ase cs avanceereo. conureoransaeerve em meommerenns,eeroxrmvea m anemesrs coueo an acuaor ma,or exame,ncue aane oe surcansrumenaar aecowonss.e suer aceounaoor - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton manua avance an wrawerve me .: --nsrumen. mer anor oen an coseeaws oeeeoerae conron s esmemo.menes, roeo accueaeooresra coen counreroo srs ceomu mnao co am roroc conro ssem coueoe acuaor an c se a roxma an onureoransaeerve memerncue one or mosrae ac rueaaorvseoe en eecor.n aon,e conro ssem ma conuraon,e acuaor woer o maennnua ane cosne reaws.or exame,n one moveeaws oe en eecoreween an oenosoono anc m aa cnosueaor assemo coseoson,eaws are acua oson.ne ere c eno comressn conac wees o a c, ssue.omressne cno aace oroceoson aroun a vesse or oeronunaocaonn o emeormvee mnes,meer r ceoanrvoe so esaecm o ma monor an conroe narcuar,e conro ssem ma monoreocaon o een caesm wen eneme carre. carreoeermne wenerve me ens aon soe un mer soueransaesa orroxma. eoowneaeescroenrs aoroe exeamoar aenor eexoaneneraescron an r wesrccoveo ows oer mesacreoena.rneonraacecaeu ores weescer seoonrna .norar onne anesc arre noon surcansrumense w aoveec aonme o meorre as aecasr,eneaunres, an o avaenaoesow oneereaseen - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --catonescron wena - .ens an ceornsuenccvoen v wee accomannrawnsn wc: .s an exoe veww o o ae ssuracaornon o a surcansrumen carre conureornseronrou aonunas sroumnen o. w a c sa e se onsrumen conureornser.on anrou ausroraes a surcansrumen w a c carre .s aara cxma en oensrumen .usraes anr eonssa-secona vew oe surcansrumen o. memer oe surcansrum re vew o aoron o a c carre an arve .. uussrraaeee ssn searve memer oe surcansrumen .-usrae a eenrnaaevmee enm eoemmenes oerve memer surcansrumen ns orve memersore .. usraes a cne oeno .su asorae vse aw c o one cosesosonon .s a ne arm o a c .s a s see v veeww o o ae csanoo a oanr oane a croseoson .s aron vew o asaac on m oe c .s aron vew o anoer arm oe c .s . a a u ca soc esaoo .srsae- v euew s vrse ow an oe secesa onooac aw ans oeeancsrunm ae cno oseos.,o wn - _- nteenrtnateo.n:a -caton a c aaceoerve mem arere.: -- . usraeser weawnsne anaws . usraeseawsn a c oosenoson . s ao vew o one oeaewsosuon oeaws sraneour-arnae ea srns ae.sa esn as cross-secona vew o one oeawsusran rame n aawrecon. s a cr ooss-esecawona vew oers an seconaws arcuae usranerv. reav e memse ao er cr aoe nss s-sea ec cona venew a ovanec een eroeucor a o wresn asssreummen,noeaws oen an usrane c.srum carrse an e cross-secona vew o aoron oe surcansrumen, . s a c aonse-ue vrevwe memer usranesa enaemen eemens o o ce cravrere anerve memer, o uer anower r memern asaoson reave .ams a onne cu carre memer aerroxma reraconsraeesa enaemen eemens oerve anower rams one c carroe aroxmaoson reaveo asa se o uer memerassnr.ou o anennusraeesa enaemen eemens oerve .- ussrnaee oeuers saur enacea oemeen c eem caernrs oe memer enan w enaemeneaures oners orsa-mos cenrvee c - _- nteenrtnateo.n:a caton carre arere.: --- rou a wrs o.e sur ancansrumusenraeerve memer avancners c naws, w. usraese c a annneoreaws seco ve memer enaeoers an e wrs reave.eawussrnaese oeenrso asno sneconawsn an arcuaeoson aou seconaws, w.oe sausraese c anerve memer enaeoers an .eawss an ce coseoson enaeo one o ose-u vew oeac oe c anerve memer oensrumen a.eawsusraeserve memeren reracerome en eecor aere csas.eres a c cosae-sue venewac oee cs aneawsne coseoson enae a secon c.eenauscraeeserve memerosoneorroxma reracono emomen o a s.n urcsa ae c cers ae ccarvr ere ve nsewrum oe ansaoron o an aernave conureornse.rusraese surcansrumen o. w a c carre .onusroraues aeon surucanans sone se onsrumen sa conureornseronrou aroxma en orumeen o. w a c carre .s an exoe vew oe c carnrsrume aenne surcansrumen - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton o. - we c carr.enssa a ceross-esrecona vew oe surcansrumen o. usran . s an enareen vew o aoron oe surcansrumen, eemense c carre an arve memer, as we asesa enaemen mos c onee crve memer enan w enaemeneaures oners orsa- rve memer an. carr annsv ane u eana cre vew oeroxma enaemen eemens oe . usraes a c w carnr a carre so or aroxma oenn oe surca e conureoroanno aonuna oenn oe sa. oues sruaresc aa cns crarnrsruem coenn oure.oroanno aroxma .- are enarueme vnew os o. an annvua c esaoron oe c carre .. uussrraaeeserve memer oe surcansrumen . s asaoron oerve memer o. .u-sraesu asrraoxe amaernaoron oerve memer o. surcansrumen ve emomens orve memersore .. usursarease a cn aara oenoson . usraess ae cn au oenoson . an cusraneee corsvee moesmoenr coueo aroxma - _- c anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton oron oe .: -- .. uussrraaeess a annooeerr e emmoomen o a c c o. men o arve memeror use we ..- anusraues aranoeeer e amnooerm emeno o am cen an arve memer memer o a c an arvensrumenn an o.enosusraesrs an seconaws o a surca c aer . su asonraareas creossr-sse acnon seaco vnewa owsn a coseoson . s aara cross-secona vew oeeaawwsne oenoson . usraes anoer emomen oerss ann see coseoson oenoson conawsn an . usraeseaws o. ne coseos er . usraes a wrs assem on a an arve caeor a surca c cae o.. s aara cross-secona vew oe wrs assem anrve cae we wrs. assems aa arracu craoses-s reecaovneao vewe s oae o wrse anssserum anrve . usraes annernau men . usraes e wne wrs assem wrs assem an aernave emomen o annernaueore - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a -caton . s aersec -- . usraeseven verenwa ouee wnernnaeu wer os ass. arcuaon oe wrs as emurnaws .s aseemrsecve vew o arve caeor oenn an cosne . usraeserve cae wars re oerv. usraeserve cae w move oron aea srnun over aexe .e cae . usraeserve cae w anoeraer oea srnun memer avancn s a cross-secona vew oensrumen,usranerve . a cs anro eunaree s vaew o oeensrrumen . s a cross-secona vew ovee mnsermumer coueoe c memer avancn enusranerve .e cs anroue wrs assem assem ase w.rss aruscur ean aea esree vrevwe m oeme.r avancne croue wrs . s aara c rreosasveoe sa aws . an usr-aseecoen ca v aewva oncn.rouueracsne memers wra.wusraese c secureoesa ens oeaws aserve ..nro s a-xma erseucsr vroam eee vewea oawwssenneern caoseueons anon a,racucanee c - _- anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -caton orenaon re.: -- susana oro.o- usrae a c avancnroue wrs assemn a .na o-renauosn reaveoe wrs axs susana eree orenaon rreaae ave co aev wanrcnroue wrs assemn a .s aersecve vew o a reresse anxs nsrumen usae aveeeoerae surca . w anus exraemes aaro e vmewo om aenn o oeraenre rsoeonmeacns surca ssem emon a rooc ..susraes a sme se vew o a rooc arm assem an nsrumen w a conro a soswem c.ar o arocessor oeran a surca c aer escreereneowar wcua rre eemromens oeresen surcansrumens are unersooaescose emeoncemeonse a accomannrawnsowever,soe varousorms.ereore, secc srucura are mere exemar an mae emoenoenerree asmn,u mere as anasusncoronaeeasscoseeren are no assoreacn one sene aro varous emo caemsev ance as a reresenave an aroraeeae srucure.e-nownuncons or conssreurecnon vrua escreneao avo oscurneresenescronn an unnecessnasr aree nao e numersnwo or moreures reresene same or smar eemens.urermo. eemens aner assocae asecsa areescrenea w reerenceo ornee, - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a -caton emomen ma, weneverracca,encuen -- no secca sown orescre.or exame, a on eerem emenosmeesncrsne wncee are reerenceo one emomen ans noescr a w e eemen e w reerenceo a secon emomen, eecon msae nreevner areeeosrse came asncuene secon emomen.oreover, acua sae, sze, ormensonuss oravee ssuremoses on ano no necessar reece eeoownsresene orusrae comonens. are comae w w reseco surcansrumensa eresenescr seur sucra ccan casrrurmees, soue unersooa ceraneaures o surca camn, cun,an,snsesc mna,e c rean, a caaueerzonr u,s seunur ane o seannsrumen, weer or noe sur n anor asener. on cansrumen aes a c or oere o mae rea aaae,ore useeaunr seusr ocaenrsersenescre surcaannsrumens wneurvew oose sene aru,m suecns as,ao arre e axcamuaee, u msan anecnue surcansrumens,owere surcansrumense.., eecro-mecannucaa acowvaensrumens, rooc surcansrumens ere asoencororaeeenvoce as vaersecr oeeree, ren an n, o sru ce rercae an. n csomrumoennens,s su oc aeevces, man common assne, co-enn. soseescre ,, ,, , anaen ,cao annosn.ernao,, ,, , , naaenos. , , , , , , , ,e comeescosures, o wc arencororae reere annce - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --c-aton erenner enreor auroses as coe anasee accorance w a.nuussrraaevse eemsoam enen.oruron o a surcarenns.rumen n eecor, an eonae cansrumen ncues an en sa .ero sa an a wrs assem coun en eecoro acuaon mecansxmmano en soowrno,n o a eoouna aes saoses oerave conneceo an escrosns wro arecae, comone sene ar reans anora ns oe acuaon mecansm ma exenno, aaeoenu us ceer eao wnn eame ao s roma oencs, an ssee smuorr w ocr ras an asssreum nmensaens.cr ces.erene arensrumens wenerancue an acuaon surca movemen oe en eecor.e acuaon m mececaannsmsm wa concraosee c oornenraon an rooc manuaor assem as conroe remo oe a conuraon,e ac e a user.or exame,n one assemo moveeuaawons m oecean ensm e wecoer meanweeuna aen oe rooc manuaor oson.ne coseoson,ea enoson an a cosees o a ws are acuaeno comressn conac we or oer cssu,eere comressne cno aace oroceoson aroun a vesseo moveeweenn an e oecenorosonncuase ss aowrnsnaw. an we ar seecoenawaws are s coanceure rom one anoer an a coseosonoorcee aares o a co cose a awsno comressn conac we seconaw s a monva seeaawe c con aruorueno ve msses orssue.n ceran emomens, oson reaveorsaw.n oer emoomveensro,mrs ana owenoss aon moova a ceosaew - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton conureo moveeween oen an coseosons - oer emomens,oaws reaveo seconaw.n s e acuaon me, are movae reaveo eac oer. o, orn aono,e saonarc aannsm mo mvaaencauneesn.un c coeurersno sownnseansrumen wurerncue an emomens, surca coueoeroxma en aacen mecansm see . an caroves a mecancao crouonn o eeowneaene searvee.nones, roacen mecansmnsrumen an moorze axes oe m s or caes oe eas on ecancanerace o arve ssem.urer ..a.oo.wn,ac,en, m.ec.aan.smos. an, sur,ca ssems areescre,or exame,n eseaensserencoror , an..ao.,,.ac o enu couearse ma rneeerrencens enre. ouu couersno sown o aeesurcaa scuer wer, s anseme, surcven as, corresonnn.u.o. ,e enrescosure o w e ssemscose reerenceeren.enu couer csncororae no sowna aresose ws anrerevnnsrum coeun sea w on.e ore mnoreun muem memers rvn coue we en eecor.uaenu cou ers are w varouses o mooracs ers cane aaeo mae scosen..a.o.,,n,o or soew unn,v seursca a msooer saacesr-secc mooracs o.,,,escosures oo o wc ar scosen..a. er enre.ur encororae reerenceerenn or exame,n.er.eaa.s oo.n,own,n,u c.ou.ears. ano surca ssems areescre, ,,.ac oeseaensserenco .,,, an..ao. uroses. rorae reerencens enreor a - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a -caton eescreeren w reseco annsrumen c -- a rooc surca ssem, sou onureor use w e e unersooae acuaon anrve assemes mesccranecaeorewnere maencororaeno manua acuaensrumens, eecro- e acuaon mecannssmru mmaen cso, ornsrumens acuaen an oer wa.or exame,ncues a saonarane an a mmovresae aeaannee, a wssemc servoerrn e useransrumen. s as an acuaoror surca a c c eerrn nowo ., an,nsrumen maerove w surcaarnrsrumeena. cnom cerrasnes em aouramen o surca cs ansnsaenoonuna so ne se s, carre maensaerou a maensaer o sa ..n oer emomens, carre mecansm oeounsr aumernoxmseae oen.n an o a. mnanuasaaenr ee or aacen sae carre ncues an enaresa momen,e carre rou ann en aacaes avancemen onernaumenno sown oernnasr cumanenne snao so.wnanacen mecansm an an aroxmaane aacae e carre ma asoncue avan e user’sr on carre, aowne usero eecocres.a en roue sa o a suaeosonusroxma o en aouo casr.re mraee croana enxeenween aouo cs,reeraeweenoeonuna a n a susanaaraerecon reave maerasnownnxs oe a sra, suc. asa arr snee-mo maee consrucerom an suae consrucon.arre mae aaeo accommoaasec ano sua ore a seseree m sezeas - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton an conuraons o cs,ncun conve .: -- saness seeaon cs, suc aseorzon^TMn,oneamo ccse..,anum,anaum, or cs, suc aseas-- ,e oree anoromer carre mae ec em-o-o oree.ernave, sownn .- a aaneo. acco-mm.oaee nove cs escreeow an sa .rsr assse amssem masroosvoene aeeswreeen am enoun e oec moroon, a snuc eo ansae ereesn ac,aw an rorecon,reera - - ec anawrecons.ae aouo aou ereesn w e wrs assem ans ac oru oaeer aocumaoarsrn moo soonwno a wrervn coue erena movemen oe caes ca rs assem . aw a va ne useo acuae wrs assem oc an emomenrosuss acnosees.ereno anraeas o arcuaon mecansms usae w e ..uceaeroenno. esc,osee cnn'.u.o. an eren r omeescosure o wcsncororae nc oeneo erm aourmoesnes. rovesec m , wrs assem mancue anae a ,eues,oon asn onea wress asse,mscu.sseoreawow mnoons o wrs assem are roaeoeer aou a sn reerenceo. asrs a e axs.s sownn . an , wrs assem an cns seconnernaumens, o aowor movemen o arve memer eererrnerou. nernaumen n sa nowo,re.era, car arone one ss ceon o sureo exenrou an on one se oeonuna axs o sa .nsrumenaurer co.em., srusessa anrave - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton memeror c avancer areera exensrou - carre.n ceran emomens, umen aaceno oeonuna ax rve memer ssose one oose se roxma ansas wromn c sarare re,a wveco a carowrserve m, aesmsecruoransae oer emomens,rve memer an c sseeow.n oeonuna axs, arre maesose one same seonuna axs anrve or m ceamrreres moasee a ceacneenreo w carrneumen on aone n ceran emomens,rve memer s c eer se. sucarve memer sncue a oueonsrumen sa mae consruce o maerasesneor rse-uasre o oee onvserruamennsrnum men, wc roceures.n oer emomens,rv ue surca rve memer sn e memers coueo carre suca o maerasesnecorues aossaare o or sen ce-u csaer arecao, wc mae consruce rve memer s conureo ns.n eer emomen, avance cs r ronunasacemen reaveo sa o moreeaeowom carre oaws, o en eecor, asscussen comonen as. n s aowenxne com.one ann,rve memer comrses aroxma an secon c enae counroxma comonen wrso exenrou samen, a enem meansave, one o.r mroorxemraox cmomonen s conure or cooeran w an acuaon aneraces see. sa a mecansmno sowno avancerve memer roxman comroxonmena rea mvae eox senaro.un a ceroarn emomens, asaoron o exame,n one suc emomen,ssaoron oonrox om war csom assoenmen ex.enosr - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton ar enourou wrs assem oexn aea .: -- noneawrecon.exe c secrecon,uca awrecons. omonen w caexnoec anousrouex wrse c aosmsemonen rneoeraaws com,rses. a maeraeas s enou comonens comrse a maeraasexe an resen enouoe snam aes enme e,ecese s arcuae reaveo sa a wrs assem . or ese comonens co n areerre emomen, maeras. mrse nno,omers, suc as , srn see or smar , a eanc onnec emueo a cmen e,neaxemeenor eeomnen com,rse asres ansa se ecnons aermres naemen eemens, are conureo exe o. sucae areoson naera awarom arms, seesene.o moorv een reaanve we su o eac csa osna erewsa ecr eua nssee weo cw. carrmrse, w aren sreaerao e arsoson, werene arms are coser eacac o oere rreasee., an a seconoson, werene arms areurer aarrom ceran emomveenso,ee aornmsun,a ax asre o su ssaa see,or exame,..n oson.s aows arms,o moveno vanroausoasraoens roe eaacve oerners a aow enaemen eemens, o en o c carre wn carre ae one or more cs ouse n on. scoron ae esm cooumeeno,, e onraneemrean w eemens, eac comrse ars urer comrse a cenra sa exennaer,a arm aswa,rom.scemorenosn, an - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton coueo a seconscoron ereorm .: -- “ume”.ers an seconscoronsn, a sa oe e snuasaenmean e reemseemnn a reeraave aarerameeran cenra s, remova coueo cs, a sa , wc enaes sa o s sownn.s, cscussnn moreeaeow. uer anowe carre comrses aousn avn ooserve mre wmaesr,.e a sne a oonousunna w oaose o wna one se oousn suca cs cane veweroms sreera oen onerac w se oousn ano aowrve memer seconsa rams ore cass w,n ca erxrenenr.omouesnsaurerncuesrs an , ave sucen r oorce en en oousn .as o srea ou aemen eemens, orve memerneroxma anrec rone uwscaurssse aoneoaws.,e w saenrve memer sue sucenex o aow enaem meme,as, ave an avance cs en eemens, ousrouas, avancesnesarecornou an aeersrave en me om cearrres wenrve memer ousn see ocae wneneror o wa noeounsen.. ror o cuarrrerencu.es reeaanneerraass e axrennromonunaonuna aonousn so e sacerom eac oer wnousn see.. aseoaneerneasscreer aereearsaor reavaen snu eac coo cs nace wn carre, weavn su cen r saransaon orve memer c cenex suca c o searae avance wrvea museems cersnoeensaasreco ann. aow eac - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a -caton ousn ncues a seres o uer anower ram -- a exen awarom uer anower was, s oras, recon.maronern , resecve,neroxma oeronuna aonaouasns, u sucer anaoweer araessos,e a aorev sacerom eac c wnousn .n ceran emomens e aneow eaco uer anower was,o a ,as, arevoa coue , overas,.n ooewr eomrrooxmmean ms,ovaemsen o, ena areem seun eemens saonar rams.nese emomens, arm sana conureo searaeure s, orve memer are rams, asrve memr aewrarosmr eaancsa oeern suceroax emeamenrs, re aon ousn urerncues uer anower oenecon. anower was,ocaeroxma o eac ns, n ueras, an oenns, aow uer anowera ,.ese roxma overas enaemen eemens, o wraw oenns,, as,scusse ann m movoereneoaeneoerwo.r on c aarrone, eousn rou oennsroves ascreeocao ac se oas an cs.n n one carreousn assocae w one oe eecs w ceernane e emnaoemmeenns e,ensrumen or ssem mancue a conro ssemao eac oe cs wn carremee.nss en,sures oarvee m useemr eenr areocae aacen wn carre aesesa-mos c avance n. an aernave emomen, eac oe cs wne carre mae susanas eaua smuroman eeaocus o wer an eace osear.or exame,e cs mae sace asance susana euaoe sacnew-meeons ce c mas.e sasc aeowrosmeearwves - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton memer or anoerrve memer, suc as : -- aw or a srnsuc as a maazne srno a m sovue ae c oomeon censeo.r., a race an a samesance,ere aown,or exa warsae coa me,erve memero avanceesa-mos esa-wmsos c,, ec w.eus,e neexr cve msem moeveoeocaonrevousossesseonunaoson wnensrumenn orr caenreo w coureaw wnro exacma co wen same carre,erencreasne see an ecenc o e se. evern mue cso aare sownn., a.rv-e memuserare ae cronmavrese esm aoromxemnas o comrvoene mneme,r.s comonen anrs an secon arms, av aexe .ns emomen,ex nsa enaemen eemens, aow arms, oeeceo cwomarosn aenn awa comrormsese wave or coeeauresa en orermaneneormaon onuna axs wouncuesexeor.ons-uessra o nee ae oer mnaaevrea e.momens orve memers a memer rove a moreenevoonor eacrve wrs assem.e ovonsorunme onex seucoraonsessa co anrmsure,oeocae wn von reaveoeroxma comone are caae o eecor s arcua n o eacrve memer wen en e conureo naurae re exaenve sou ssaana.nar saomee eomomens, arms, ma emomeaness, arems, mae c eac oer ..n oer aac onureo nauraave aowe conuraon e oerrennn no awno cosn. o-e a,r am ssurc,a c w., now aneescr.e. - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton ncuesrs an secon arms, voa c .: -- voon orne or mov oueo eac oer aou a os emeneween an oenoson . an a cose oenonn .a cr.eaesnweonnsereeercaes co avn orneranea comrses an earna aows arms, o oen ann cneocsee.no c aermrasn e, o creae aexure nauraaseowarse oeno momens, c s , son an conureoe cose eorce oawsowars, aes cossceusseu neoowa.cen ooesr emomens, c mae nauraase anace on an conureoe oene anen cose suc as a non-anaw s cs oerraan, e em. oommeern osr, a su rresocraa ce or coomerraseas aeomer maera, maerasor c ncueooxmee omer.uae oeereereone ,oc ne ,oeser, non, s,esoe.ene or coomoc ac or ,o--acc ac comr ersereo.n areerre emomen, c aen.n ceraunr emcao cmens, m caeesne,or exame,oae vessesn a aou mmo aou mm.n ceran ems sozemeons,aee v cessesavsnes anameer o sucenen, srenmee, an r oae meumo e w a o uo mmna are sze vesses, or vesses osses an,ereore,asar as.enennesneo emnaee neeoraerarorunaera w o c sesseranro aoeua.n c momnv,e onr aonoauomer cs.e maxmum reera aou. mmo aou. mmconvenonaom.er m cmso aesoune.o mm,a oer - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton vesses uo mmnameercaave a ma .: -- reaer.s ma aowe useroacee csn cxosmerumroxaemra wo eac o o.er mm or ace more s ce.s wn aareocaon onea anor eare en, e..,orovemrove accesso maxmumaera w course o, c we r weco vnarzeasea oe seccmensonsore or exame,esneoae smaer vesses.e., vnesseesunacvonn oa cme.e c s, mm,ane w o c weessanemen rs oessan e overae sonsescre aove.owever, cs. nw rao o c w remaneran convenonaomer suca c rs ca anrme comncruessees anaoc a an secon arm ncues aoo vesse o ace oroceoson aroun arasencuerr oerearuarsese orssruoer.n some emomens,rs an secon arms, rorusons arereera susacoensrom e eaxce onen one vesse se o eac arm. suraceso secure c oe vesse oncesro acoen enace ar cmo asneroosvern rn suraces ma aso ress axas on.ese szeo se weenrr an so nowonoo. aanceme a,n sa o ece c nen.cruses a mano .ac urerncues aocn an secon arms, mano ancues a se .rsoraucsons e cxomenrenssea aeraans ouowoarrom aawwasrom,ac,eo.rce as aeowsso sucncenrooremorareormoo acwar .nceaas occurre,oo wu rseounrnoos oarssneaowoc saoon sucnooa - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton roruson seow so an se enaes aowe : -- o one o armso,no.s secure r surace see. aue conrma sac ooo anroveso vsua an aeso usnecruaes oenea ocr more csen noewrn secueraeureosoeroo . woo wene cs cose aws,.s sown annnac ncues a r exennrom annerna or v .,ac oonacure. exensow esse-se surace o mano c nwar aone vesse-se surace oac ans aons enaacee s wuraceosoarau srunrrounenroc sesos onoo see..o ensurea c sne corre acn wensrumen nner cosonooc.s conuraon aowsor a convenornoaeo c as emnaese neeorrorunosses, ascaounn emererrn cs. enaemen memeroor rem.ova an cou,anco en onaresm aenrm eemencues an memer anoo on secon arm ncues n orve remova couno en an enaemen memer or naemen memers,aemernee eraemen aow en oaremveen me ememeernssee.. rve memer o c urn avanceme , o secureaws, ano conro an rea n oe c rou wrs no ar, an conseuene oenn cn an corosuno ou ce oen,n as an we co assn an o oawesr ec euna eonec oo ern. eeceo srame reaveo sa .e., ro,aw orc movemens o enaemen eemens,m ueo,n en suaecmenen aeaucraeson, areesneo reease .sscusseeow,s aowse usero removerv oe moercmeeorerrovme m cemer - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton aere c aseen c : -- ne ose ono a vesse. wnaws,arcu aaro awsvanearev oe mesmeaerures anaore caurerve memer oen wessose wneaws.onven aws, ou c overme wen sore onaomer cseno cree revense csrom snrne cn caermrsevees. oe.,e moveno a more coseoson.sawsasca occurs w convenonaonm aere crse.aveseeeanu arev aancenoe reocaon oe manocan “oss”e soacaes aowsor auresrome coerve memer, wcn moreeaeeesown. o an c aaovnn, asenanuerrroean convenona csscusse eeameen wsea,w o e aowseoneweene enaemen ro rve memer an enaemeneaures, o c o ns one, emo omenen an cose. e , enaemeneaures, eac comrse a sna enaaureemean e coemmernsses a, cuou an or oroernn szeo accommoae sa o c sreae a reuce-ameer enroe oeunsnonsss oene eer. se a on oen.nss aowas oaensns o w ena ae smuenc eenem aenscao,n oo orcrve memer oe avanceno sas w reman secure wn oennse usncus ase suecoewn. wraew saameorcmee, aeorve s exennn m ow ceemraenr em.omens,rs an secon arms,ncueaere rs ese rs aearrnsweo nonre-cvesosnes s.e.e, oaerae arm ans vsee .,, an . vercaueeauresorrve memer o an enearecmaen eoemroenvsea,era an o - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton rve memer w eac c .ecca, rs ae .: --aera se o rs neroxma rnwarrom eac rs reconoroveaera anmen.n aon, anmen.aerso awaorwss aremsrve m,emeneroxmareconorove verca urn enaemen w r o cener anor anse on c r ans caererneesne. sucaeorce r rovme moeomer aerroma cseena.ce.,eeeareco msecreaaeraneeuorerceo re reumroeveoa rcemove mecansm nsms sronerane enaemen asrve me.merus,ocs wnrorarwusnonroxm oaac an e secureseac ooo wrawnrom enaem naemen eemens, are uerne mrenmcuerses a,roru o c . aacaesuanc son exennrome se ooos avanceno e o c rou auerac oaw as cac s conuereawso aseseounc.on a.s anu one emomen,ocnroruson onrac oaw.rorusons, ma aesorournucsoonnoa en aavaencreasrouueaws, rve memer ecomessenae cs, o ererevennrema w c urn avancemen, rorusons arereeraure szseenoaeemennn oeraen ceoromaws,.ese cs. ssrorusons on convenona remans ane wo aosonc aueers ane an are-scocssorneaurea ensuresaac exenn one eoeer.seaurencues anoceooo , uner susrraacee o m wanno so o oaooc ,. wcenraevcens ans - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton scssorn moona cou causese e.: -- rovn an as wn a sonaem aenow osoeraecesromn oe aoonnesreeroe.. an convenona csaca useoss-er c scssorn. oecons arouneooo mae ornsrumenee wrrn n noowweoescr.e.-s s, oonwe emomen o aaw assem an seconaws, a arevoa coueon e,acaw o asesrem a ane coomnrsesrs an seconaws, are aso caae o a .rs susanaeren rcuanoeer aou an axs .n aon,rcsu aanro secoenonawusna, axs aer..,ec axs, as sownn. oosereween an oenosonas sownn .ees anneo m.ove re aanve ao c eoasce .on, w.enreneresa ens oeaws are near, orn conac, w eac oersee we reconzeeerare on eme oomeenaw,so maawse, are movaeaws, aou eween oen an a movaeaw conureo move n o coseosons reaveoe oeraw. seconn onn oenere seerre o eamw aossemmen,ne an comrses arsn an aaw assem see..rs arn one oer se o serou a so n comrses a son conureo .mar, secon onrs caowmrse asn a s aonn or scr ceownur coueo arsue o seconaw see. an an eo serou a so . or screw as coueorsue , anncsu seosw an sonn. c,onrureno sseosrouone a o snoe o oer srsea owaws - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton one oer se o so.nereerre emom .: -- as son an exens en, son se same son .rn as ano coemeerouaw romrsn orn rsue . rn or screw coueo a seconue oose asase onn a s onne eem axoe,mne wn,aw assem ncues aue annae ssem s coaw arcuaon an wrsaw are roae.e mnaee mvooreescou mon amvzaencasa maormeween secons oenaea can on an axene corner o aeou crsarnnoaawes.ac,aw.e sosneaws areuses susanae sameu reversea sanseweenases owwonuouersar ann aacea erena.s sownn.,ue acs asers s as a nae an,rsn acs ase sec “n”neourar an s seeccoonn anue on “n”,rn acs ase ”rn” e r acs aseourn.e son, se “vo”eween w roaenenn eaes ww oorecueo oeu n rsr- e aaraer vernvoeane. saoeeroneee samerecon,aws, eweeneues,owever r.nerena moon oer.e., oen an cose., wenravees mean asaoeseo moveeaws reaveo eac ns scssorn soae sose coseoeon oe m am eorce ase cs cosnsmaro a vser. enonre comreovesoesncaronc oseaure caneounn common assne, co- oceo. aon,e concurren w s acaonorne rons,ans, weerer-rs,n- or a caan. eso,. e,xaewn anssemrom wrs co amssemrsesrs ano sresco ann - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton seconaws,, resecve. ons, e.: -- maera, suc as nno, srn see oree, suca rreeorans co,mrseen a oerxe wenaws, are arcuae aoueaw ax ex roxma en , coueo w s. ons, eacave ano eac ors an seconawsrs, asse.mn ceran an em aosmaen ens,, exenn mae secureo, or oerwse esa ens, rons coueoaws,.n oer emomens,e remann,ace w exenn onense o sons, anave sucen r o memer ans c sownaw wns, en.. ese co amnonen, rsavoenseen,rvenunncoono conanrve eaws are arcuae aoueaw ax aws, an avanc s oensrumen.ore secca,sa eveemne wne onrawves mem,er area anrc cu erewasseseween rons,nsrumen s ae reaveoeonuna axs oe ueracs,se seow. an. enera. ex aennro,mr as an seconaws, eacncue en , o eacaw roxmaoron oeawsoesa .ueracs,.u aenra rcsons,,ene ernasure exean armnsse o, ro ons, memer ass aonueracs, osa en rves avancesanoaws, s, asrve memer eaure aeresaerr enns noow secoure..,aws, ma eacncue an enaemen memer.n one emomen,ee c ensaeemreenn aeaerureaveeenevere rve osone on eer se oueracs,.ess s coomwnr,seu ramereacesa s,rns - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -catonaernwarnesarecon sucaeaera : -- ecreasessa.s en w acrossueracs, ava aemen eemens, orve memer ane c uencreacssa,rou, wuceercaocmse nar,ro,e conace ouer suraces, o an enaemen eemens, ress awaerns aseae c srnss avan scoeasae. aree c ouwaro aowe c an enaemen eemen ase oeaws.s srnress s, o moveoesa ens enaemen eemens,ure w aneenwsara ens oea seranwss an rneanssee c an wrawnroxma anoran ou oeaws. mrom oro s sownn ., an ,aws, eacavesa en uenrsacs,,a.ncuuoues a cuoureera.uavoeu asare arresose aesa en o ueracs, cross-secona areaanrac ave .s ensuresaesa ens oac anoo o c enera susace on e cneaaraenmcee ase are coueoaws, asese eemens are avancesanoeawsn ee,men.sn a,on o, curouves memacerae r aesm cov s c romaws, wen c s cose anace anr a oe eenecoue ve memer as nro omne c em. oonruna comonenomoren rec seovwnnneo.o, cu anousac eac on ccue a an a .zonoarz coonmao cnoemnonor recevn enaemen eemens, orve memer , wnawse,ns.e a.r,e seze arenve cnoneu erneo conan enaemen eemens assnsa oaws,.n ceran emomeanesm,enor ezoenmaen csomo,nensrom - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton ave aaera sanasessane ove e.: -- .e.,rom one en o ouer sa roaea oeraer s eann o o e onuaemen eemens, emomens,orzona comonens ave aonuna sanera sas smae.rna oneer emamoeemre ons, ouoer saesonu,na a on enaaemen eemens,.n ceran sma enouo conan enaemen eemenesrae srean oorzona comonens are csossue ore veesrrsens nno awaoen w., no awnee-n., a meoor an mue rve memer sen scre.s sownn . an, ena eraosone aone se o carre suca carremeen e.emoen ensae, a c areoc waeesarv oe maemse, onesa en o wrawnroxma suca e r,rve memer s an srea naemen eemens, se aonas, move a ooun ar umser an,ow oer srurvea memer suca enaemen eemens, . ces, o carre see . an roxma, eeerrn nowo . an , asrve memer s wrawn wn carrneaem.enn ee smomenes emo,men ss,ea ovsera,s, are oers cnwaroacaee moveme conureo srn .n o n o enaemen eemens, overeas, movemen.er emomens, arms, are sreceurer ouwaro aows areroxma oaeesrrn, now,oe w. ener a onenns, once, enaneomeenn eeermens, .n some emomens,s movemen w occur auomaca asor e on caarermene - _- anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -caton eemens, assroxma oas,. re.: -- mae avancesao move enaemen enem oeners em,omennso,rve memer .er anoweras, wenerar oenns, ownwarno ca ec enaemen eemens, sa un enasr sr emowe enn en. emen.s-,, enrve memer sen moveurer ers c see aso..ore secacae w,e ennnaerem seaneau ore esac e, o , assesrou e sna-esn oeaur emen rorusons anno oenn es, assnrou me rmeers move s oeac anoo o c .srves urersa, reanna sexe awa suca c aenase noroonme crar sercuree w. son,ers c s coueorve memer no en eecor.enro cxarmra ce suc remaanr sveec memer can move c eerrn nowo . an ,rvure wn carre. rou cenraumen e memer avances c s arms, osrve, mem oer wn e wnrers aesseamw asse anno en eecor. consrane movemen o arm m , rons, , ors s, sucae arms, enerueracs avancesa a unn se ecnonaeamwesn ee,menssee,. an.rve memer s enae cuous nsa enor anoo anac o c an . ons, oaws, see . rs c neerernes nroewoocaon.o ca amn ono, wssuene ore a su vreseonasosonee cose.s noe aove,aws, rove sucenorceo cseos,ea cws, an aroe - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton secureac nooo .nceaas occurr : -- wrawnroxma exern e,rve memer mae enaemen sucenorce ono eemen o wraw oac e anemeonos,, res oecrveve. menmceersenaroem enaemen eemens, c ,rve memer mae men orve memer rom anno sa wrawnroxmaacrou wrs assem eerrn o nnoswruomen.see,o en.a. enaemen eemen e a secon c rom carre, anasrs user an,ow oerarvse meam,era an a sreec won urawen oversaas, oe secon c .erocess ma r anoweras , oeaws oe e een reeaeo avance secon c . unsr eaeescoer,sena a enr c , ec. surcans oron o an aernave emomen o ansrumenrumenncues ann e ancco ereacncoer w, anusrave emomen.urca assem coun en ee an eonae sa an a wrs eonae sa s o cor o sa .eroxma enoron o aou asose seneraev aer re caonnnecesoesc an acuaon mecansmno sown, e acuaon mecansm ma exenno, anorasrsoronu w e aonraecae, comonens o wrs assem e sa anor conureo mnov e. eeecwoer ncues arsaw an a seconaw c sace aarrom one anoene arn an oe an coosseonosas sownn. wereeaws are conac wees o a co cose an seae con aoroournce veseseasw osno comressn emomens, seconaw s a movaeaw conureo morvessuroem.n an ce oraenn - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton osono a coseoson reaveors e.: -- s a movaeaw conureo moveeawween o.enn an o ceors eemomens,rsaw seconc oawer..n s oer em osons reaveo o ea omens,oaws , are movae reave a c carreeerrna n coowmorses a.ur aan o, snsrumen maerove w surcansrumen .n ceran emomens, cuarrrcae cs ma anenssansaeno aonuna so ne se o sa . an.n oeerou a carre maensaerou an r emomens, . an.arre ma oennn aroxma en o sa eween conaneween aouo cs,reera recon a reoauveooe cs. reera exenn a susanaarae ar onuna axs o sa . e ar, suc as a snre-emoe maasce consrucerom an suae maerasnownno accommoae an suaeesre sozes or an see co mneaur.aoarre mae aae convenona cse..,anum,anaum, or saness seens oa cons cs,,ncun orzon^TM,emoc oree anoro suc ase ec em-o-o o mer cs, suc aseas-- ,e accommoaee nove crsee.escreernaevreen, an car srowe mae aaeo -. nn .- an . sa .rsr asss aesmsem masorsoneeween en eecor an eonae ereesn ac,aw an roreconovesc ausseesren aumoun o moon, suc as- oer acuaorsno sown arervn coue wreer wresa aseseomw.aes an or - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton acuaeomar m .: -- noono wrs assem . sucarv ceer maenm emeromesnsn,curvee m asemer s coueonsrumen sa mae consruce o maerasesneor re-uaser o oee onvserraunsrumen , wc roceures.n oer emo menn mue surca a mens,rve memer s coueo carre suc consrrucvee m oem mearerassesncneueor assaros oe c carre , wc mae emomen,rve memer s conureaeor oron snue-unsae asaccaemons.n eer sa o avance cs rom carre en reaveo , asscussen moree oaws , o en eecor ousn asv snow unena r an.eo owe,w. r wa asn,, c caorrr reaen comrses a wnousn .ousn urer comr n aura o cs orousn e ses a seres onerna camers .nerna caamce crsae areereera, sace an susanan e.uar wom enacousn anesa-mos camer aousesesa- oer saceromeaws , asance mos c sreera cs.s aowserve memer o s muovsean aa o ee cuasoorwea sracnsaeweeene sance,ere aown,or exame,r same , we movn c ove memer o avance c oaws ec.sesnncreasese see an eecoceancon oreevovuersn mosusessee c , se.urereas os oeraon we cso aare ousn mancue ones ocru mssoereow. eween uer anower was , .n one emeoonmuenn,ao wusans exennncues a - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -catononuna wa one oose se o avancera : -- see. scussen moreeae s orve memeronuna wa ow.ousn ma asoave a secon e susana oneno soronwcnu oen wne sowes a oraceno avanceas , ors se ma sucs sea o cosusn can, aes a sccesse av oanceenrnass wn oe srecvoen meomneruna wrao exennowarseomo m n one emonenwn u,n noaus an. a xsrom mn eaaur.er comrse overaneaures see..ese ove c se o uer anower was, carreousn ,u sr aanoweasuare ms eonvseumreenae cs reman conane wn uec uer anower overan oe csrouousn . s eaures arereera sacerom eac oer a aenn resaannecreaos rean, cs or wve mnemousn , we aown avanceras s sownn. er o access csscusseeow. oso , carre ncues a seres o racenas an ensureneareox cmas are o no eacra ceac.waarcse onas areasenwar wrawsroxmao rroxma aserve memer ene enae anoer c. e sameme, racenas move a rsaame a sounracee raam aownsoee csosoneroxma o eac racenao memer . nexsa-mososono enae wrve comonen s, s aowsnan com.one-n,rve a mnem aerexe c coommrses aroxma roxma comonen w sa comon onen coun enera conureo remova coueo oneen or mor.e osea su cromcao cnens ns - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton carre scusseeow.roxma comon : -- orou sa , an maave o en s conureo exen c ne or moreroxmaneracesno sownor soaera ann wroxm ana ac rueaaovn mecansmno sowno avancerve memer roave enouex ceo cmomresoe snveon saree.ra comrses a maeraas sucen , . e sameme,e serxene coomusonenrou w crosm asrsseems a maernoaws exe an resen enouoen as en eeco aas a wrs assem .n ar r s arcuae reaveo sa comrses nno,omers, suc ase,er srern em seoe omre snm,arexe comonen n one emomen,exe comonen maeras. exenneweenroxm comrses aura o ros aeas ason ase wrs asseam ansa. comosonens are c,onur aenoavenn aen assem arcuaes en eecor reav as wrs comonen orve memer mae eo sa sucasa wrs assem arc osone wn en eecor ase wn uaes .s aowserve memerooson cs ,ea awres oene, an c oosee e ann eore acrocruae a renaove reane c weaws us,e sureon mau oene cs aereaveeeon aev sanace onoenseruawmsen s. ae cane eecveosone aroun aare ve o aowse sureono r sse orssue.n aon,s avancenoeaweosoneaws reaveoe sa aere caseen orve memer.s. .-s sownusnraes. aern,a aveex emeo commenonse on aex ceo cmomrsoense on - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton aura o sras exenneweenesa anr : -- memer.ras mae an suae sae, suc aso cxrcmuaar c,o rmecaonneunas orve oree s.anne ossne s emomen, sras a r, suare nno, a re susana recanuar an comrse .ee srunsr or smar maera. com aes anoer emomen oexe comonen a exrese csomaseorne cnuun roeaorvme an accoron-e saea aowsorenn o .. usraes anoeor emsao anmenrox omaex comeo cnoemnson oenrve memer comrses aexe caeer-e consrucon a maera.e re orme o a renorceomerace exame,ormeaneras , aneexeas , mae,or eerr cunn now ouoea.ce maera. comrses an enaemen eemenor, remsoava com coonuennr ove mrve memer surca c wn carre .n one emom emer oe comrsesrs an se en,e enaemen eemen .eanerascon, reane arreaocsae o,nea exerean snes osaromrve memer arereera asenwarowa rve memer an sucenorceo rea rseonuna axs oe sa w or exame, n an conro a c ase wnas , see,ower reanerans c.eran a , enmo em.ens,sa comonen urerncues uer an eac xennsaromrve memer an sacerom one o uere ar aonve aonwereoowr roenas onerravs,.eaneras , areocae aona securoe coun oer mveem meemrer ano areea csenwarn aoroovnoe - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -catonas , .as , ma asounconouerve .: -- c carre exn uwars anownw memer wn wrawnroxmano ars aserve memer s sa comonoeunsn as oo carre see.. sruc ncues an annuar coar aroves carrureeooru rsenanera.sn a,on,, coar ans s.oar s szeo se aroun o wrs assem scuss zeorounernaue eerrn nowoen. more anea,eroow. memer comrses a srucurarame szexom sa ceo amrouonneneous onrve c carre .roxma comonen urerncu o ono ses o ca es a seres o avanceras eonuna axs orre sea.sveaenc aesroas. arae c aorenausenwarowars eneroxma cs , , ec. wn reo snanwar avancemen orve mem carre sucasa esamos c se arvance asnoo avaencaewssero,xma. css ase sameme as cs are eua sacerom e cusse aove,e s ac oer wn carre suca avancemen o ca coernevoouesaowcason o,sa a cso causes avancemen oe nexroxmaoe enae reaneras , .saces c noson roxma aer re wenrve memer s wrawn eeerarsnn norwomoes.a c-, varous escmusosemeenosw o. a surca cncu wes nrsow ane seecsocrne ar.mss so,wnnvoa.- c, on emomen o a c on orne or movemeneween an oenouoseono eac. oer a anou a a cosveo - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton oson..ne sreera avn orneranea: -- oenn a creaeswonneeces comrses an exureearn conneceo arms , o creae a c s nauraa aoawses aromwsars,e oenoo oseno an cose.n ceran emomens, orce oaws , , ass n an conureoe cose e naur cusseeow.n oer emomens, c mae anaen coasseeowarse coseu noaceoson an conureoe oene n anace aws , . suc as a non-as coerraane emoommeern os, surca c comrses aomer maera, maeer r a resorae oroeraaeomer.uae oaesor c ncueooxmeene ,oeser, non, ,reoereeonenee or, cooomceorsce arceo.n a orererre em,o--acc ac comrsesooxmeene .urca c m omen, coae vessesn aaen aeesne,or exame, avn aameer .n ceran emomens, c s szeoae vesses rs o a armou mnmco aou mm. suca c caneu comes aresasceno a anac seceon or aromceonscuone asr aoo rase vesse or oerrasessue.n s oun a ncue ome emomens,rs an secon arms , rorusonsr aeraeurreese orraror susons exenn one vesse se o eac arm. rn suraceso secure c acoeero vmess eeac onc oeers aoocn eac arm anrove esern suraces ma aso ene coseoson. eerrn nowo ress. axa asacemen oe c. rorusons orosses , exenaeran ou,waarcromanccues.rss anac secon - _- anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -catons comresse aansoo aws , , re.: --emorareormo eorce aes suceno oss o acwar awaromac .s aowsocnose osrna,ocaoon sauscseoawooo .nceaas occurre,oo w reurn ooo enaes wssoessseso, secure areaceowooooo an aower surace o vsua an aue conrmaon anroves oo . oe useraeac s now secureoe romoo ae mraaeseesennaec sueceareoesorrcee reureo removeac removerve memer rom c .e.,eac maeceranasnmse sorrce reureo enaemen mecansm.us,o oneraneooo asrve sses , oac secureseac are wrawn mroemm cer .s wn arnaw anerrnoaxmvea an enaemenas ,nsrumenncue an enaemeneaurea securese c emomoene,aweaws oe memowe.r s wrawnroxma an s aserve e reeasesrome c scussen moreea exennrom es seorw snen oo.o, caacuraeersncuues aroruson uerac oaw as c s ava ance o c rou a emomen,os ncenoeawssee .n one rorusona asveasnces,rou onuaecr are conureo asouncon as aue enaeracs , oaws ,ac rv oe maewmer.eecoomsse’ssusnecnoaneo w c cromauwrsn av,ancem.en,ererevennremauresenaemen oe - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton n ceran emomens, arms , o c e.: -- morerorusons exennrom aroxmaoron oe ar emacsncsaue o onen or .n one emomen, aroruson exens e ,.rorusons ono ses o eac oe arms .narcuar, avancer aaresesne areo eensae avanceras orve memer ousrvroex mmema oerroru wsons cause.asnoce coansne areo sansaennwwaarr, aasnas m covemen ,e ac an enae aroxma se ororusons see.re a.ownerve memer o avancee cs wn carre s sown, reanera.s an, ,usra,erve memer coun w a c . ono aroxma areasenwar sucae cam o rean an en conorroon c o c asa arovuanncesnes .s aowsrve memerno ens a ermescor,.n aon arou wrs assem a , aowsrve memer o rean conro o c . o an c are oene wnaws, , . sa usrae an aernave emomen o c an roxm caomaonneen oa ocravee e mneameemren w. res sown, c ncues a memer .rve memer m aneras , orve sose aurerncue annerna recess coueo, aewseaenraorsuson, onanaese.sneseo enae w, an remova eweensa com snroves a secure coun .onen- u osrareve memer an c . an a c .s sown, c e anonceur eems aormoxenm oa aarnvee memer w an - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton enaemeneaure asesneo remo .: -- enaemeneaure sose wn reanervaas cou,eo an onernrave re mcess or . emer an a c.. anns emusorameene, a cnoer emoncmuene o arve memer szeo receve reaner s aroxma oenn , maeasea os , orve memer .eaneras us, reaneras , u awrear moveromsaeonnouronxam aax osns emomen. ase ouwaro secureas , wn enn anen w noweescererern. nawow asosem.- m, one o eemnnomen. o aaw assem or an oe ae use wnsrumen,nsrumen comrsesrs anr se scuonaeaw cs a,ernsaru amreen.vs sown,aw assem an seconvons oa coueo eac oer ars esne , . rs an seconaws , arereera an a cosoe moovse reona, wveeor eac oereween an oenosonas sownn. eac oersee..neneereesrrae e enmso omeena,wos are susanaarae waw mso,v aeoeuween we reconz aws, are movaeo ea one oeaws mae a movaeaw conure ns oruemne ann cose comosrsoenss an re aacveoe oeraw. rou sa an w uaor ro or caerve exenn eaw rs assem noaws , or oenn an cosn memers.a aner anvenernarueeera exaesnssaera ouse o carre ,rve scusseurereow.onunanrarnosuao wnrs o a cssaemervesee.e.., - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton usnun causeseaws , o oen an e.: --aws , mae o cose.n ceran emomens, ro ene sa movemen o caerve an cose cosxema mosvaem meonve ome cna oe carve .n oer emomens,aws , mae rve . erve an oene roxma movemen o cae suor memereerrna nonwcuoesrs. an s aencon, caerve s coueo a ouwarrom suor m sons, exennaera rs an secon curve semoser,.onsrsns an se,cona awre conureo se wn ons , are conureo se s , , resecve. movemens o cae sa anroxma w e smar causes sonsrve, suco sa,eoor exeamsea, ensa avancemen o caerve causneawsovo aroun o sos , ,ere .. ewse aouvons , noe oenosonsee o seoero,xmroax emnas w o soraswa o, cae,rerveevo canuses sons , ns , e coseosonsee. aws arounvo .aw assem. ans smusarrane m anos a re. ersnaecve emomen oaw assemncuesrs an secon a so assem excea ouse o carre ,rcvuea morem roesr or ca ane arnvenser, exennaera wrs assem see. scus naue assnroune same seurereow.aerve oeraes wrve man cnaeurs aess srovenso. soenrounaransaon o caerve oeer causneawsovoeweene oen aun c soosesno useorn asn.oweraws , , - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a -caton n ceran emomens,e sos are susana -- e mmaoavmee an csu,rvaeu sroesro mmaee nroonx-mnaea ern anoore curve.or exanmeare., an n oone-rnear so sae suca aro sa en.e non-near so mae susanarooronaorc ae aorcee ae aoease onne a oseenrss anran seconawss roxma enoesa en oe non-nea saerome so r so.n ceran emomens,e non-near erese swaeeen a ssuceanserarnss aane seconaws a a susana consanrorce sroves a consan mecanca arovmanaeeroexwmeaen eneoorceesa en oe so. eorce ae eawsossueeereew aeoen an rooc ssemo mo een,ere aown a useror a sesn aowsor are s euassan reaua ceonseanorcres aoeossueeaws.n aon, oe aneeweeneaws. more comeerceescoreo an oe a non-eneaawrs s rearess ounn common assne, aen caone o cane scosure o wcsncoror rao. ,,e comee s sownnae.ere ann re,erernsc aen.ncueueracs , aenera e seconaws , eacoesa en , o eacaw.uerxacensrom, arox armea conoruorne oo reeceawves cossess,eve arensa o crve m, wemcer se a.onsu enseurreascsa eac, a ase o c s aroraeevereo eacaw , scussrm , eaeow. en more enso secureaew csse,ren a mear eeacanvceueeen ane enveareemenrevaeu mreem aerers.ae - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton enaemeneaures aowrve memer .: -- aseen secureoaws , .us,eoorcee re reeausereroomseen cae a reere c , , , rome csessaneorce re aneras rome enaemeneaures ureosenaee c oes noa ou oeaws.n a,on,eoersee eneaeamveeneeenaures ensureae c ssue or a vesse aea cose anace ono s smrnarsnnoes son nw o onne eao ecmr saeoem s rnns,ee on. r, neeas src,e e usuna seee nrm raecenseaur,es com.rsees reameae serans aren. aove.u erenceoaw assem an sown eaera w acrosseuraecrascs,,aerecnrweaasressnae.sarecon suca sarouueracs , ,e con se cs avance , , wceco ace ouer suraces oueracs aanseea srns smoe naarroewe arre asasee c ouws avancesa.e cresses sa ens oeaws.s srnressure aearnwaor aowee cea sor mnovse reoanes ane cora wnn ouesa ens oeaws annsemrom wrawnroxmancue a cuoun a oeona,was.ws , eacavesa enorons , arac see..uous aresose aesa en oueracss ,, . anuouuncsono arceceraave aarer cross-secona areaanue esn e cnossueres anaeaws ommoaeoo anac o c . e cane oene an removerom c aere cas eaecrren o nnoowossue or. a ve,sse. an , a wrs assem s now - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton escre.rs assem mae use wnns .: -- an oer suae c ae rumen,nsrumen or na rnsrumen. rs assem comrses muewo axeess orersecnscaua arooweoro arcuaon o en eecor an sa n aeas axes.s sown, wrs assemnunanc axuse os a sasana.ee. o,e “aw” an “c”aws , , aroxmanae orsc c rsc coueo nae orsc ereeween. oueo sa an a me coueoroxmasc o aowno orne ro eamoon amoeun, o mne oee ascxess roaa an roaa coueosasc or roaon a see. . ou anoer oe axessee. anroxmasnc areesrrexe emoo samen,.sauss,ce roasonx oer aro ecnua eonec oor eweene mesc aneroxma an n occurs conuraon “ecoues”e en sascs , . s assem sucae en e eeceocrorse anoeasw nso ar,cuae, wromcreov wres more conro anrecsonore sureon s orenaonor a nosonneaws , n aroer cuanor a ro ccaoessue or a vesse. rou wrs an ro n ceran emomens exenss ancoreo asseemsasc,reer aan sronu c aouexee sroeuanernsee. a oe remannscs an see. a cuousn eac suorse acuaor cae .eexe sea ues an an uoeaws wouruocn.oueaveer m aaeursansoro srceroue arcuae wrs meo,aser cu saness seeun oromerunea maeras.ncuee s,eua are no - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton museexe enouooowe curvaure o : -- rn cer eanonu emoo sumencse,n acu caoonra rone acsu saeocr ca ane arrocu anaes wruss wneu sn raorcaes. an sn co ure, or ancore,o suor memer mescu anerrooxumaescexe. seas aow,s wecrosx sman en c oou roerou an asesemroxma en ar ocuaee ss.eas sownonan. an, o au o wrs assem ase wrsen o aeas aoron o ro an seas w mruss asnscermeaseecau asercueaessa,e eween sa an en eecor ncreasess nce rovn a sn eween r cussen moreeaeow. scsem, aows aoo ,e sea ane me anroxma wrs ass ron o ro an sea oncreasenen w eerron accommoaeors arcuaon. o en nowo . an ,nernaue exensrom sa memer e aneco crs anerroevroeus a eevxen we, smoo canneorassae orve suca en eecor an sa are no oreenn wersn a assaermaerecso anrsceuean. eas.cno cemrearna ecmeo anmesnso,ue comrses an emee co surroune an ansnnurnneenos oe w cors. assesmroves a.n ouvearae meaxee srucure omeracencue,u are nomeo, rasore eax sore, urae an eascomers, suc as e emee coneccouee,x suo arree no amneeoe,.ane soore..uae maerasor nno. ameer saness see or nernaue sreera consruce w a cross-secona - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton accommoaes acuaor ros anor . .: -- a cross-secon w a sem-crcuaroron ann on ae s eumsoanmaen,ue ncues aroves a susana-sae cr nearoron ao oss-seconsee.. s cross-seconuewsor, acueareor rorovno s exaecn aonsenearoron aera ouwarrom rve memer e wn wrs assem o aoworassae o n ano aner c emsomene,rerou. secon susananearoronsu,e anncruse asn a s cercooss-secon wrs an , exenneween n sem-crcuarorons secon a nearorons , see..s cross- .owsoro acuaor ros , o exen aonsenearorons , or caerveseer,rn no wwo now. an -, an emomen o acuaor ros wnsrum eescre.cuaor ros , mae use sownnen.,, ronsrumenncues o ar anrox omaer c suae c aernsrumen.s an a me,exe c omonen , asa comonen en or a omonen .exe comonen sesneo marc ausaoe weesn wnres aosse emxan or. conreas aoron oexe comonen accommoaencrease orecreasesancesewaecen snaeon anunarecono as wrs assem en eecor cae ann r one c eom ar mocu onma eneens. s,ex,e com comonerns comrses araeunsen raeunsen ca e a saness seen orue.e meo, suc as crmen, w meane o srecuereeo.e saness seen orue an suae - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton s sownn.,exe comonen mane.: -- ea srnun surrounn cae o cue aexe ro s,or exam conane cae srans wen mancue a seconee,a un srern comurnessonusreneus.n o ovee ro .o exenuner ovearm soemeoron o r c rnun an cae o omonens , orove a connuousr ea srnusn ser.ownnoro.ve, a a sexe sea srove overe secon sea .s aows ro oenx aneenwe,e annoer unoe cronrnac c aane exan an en wne wrs assem .s asorevensr n suse.uae maerasor caeucn wen ro cu saness see sea ncue,u are nomeo,aser eeurn oromerun maeras. mue csossrune o nro vwessoesn a.ae-n w an now-ees,c ar meeoor an ,rve memer srs wrawnr .s sownn. ex ouwar an r oxma suca reaneras , ousn .s aeo owvser re uaneerr aansowe,r suracoes srn, oe c carre o c . e sameme, avanceras srnnwnawraro coonraacs a ann e snecure aroxma surace oeroxma cssee ae avancesaserves mae emne or carrseeno avance.s.a unsa comonen s avance usn .ss occurs,esa mos c , ec. are movoerwaorrw war w rea anevranacesras,. aneroxma cs , movessa o carreousn , reaneras ,nce ssran comownowneanrs an - _- anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -caton uwarso secureoe uer an re.: -- s sownn.ower suraces o c see.. avan ,rve memer sen avancesao asscreouensaern cauen aos ene eeacssorrou. wrve memer an c revous,nernaue canen anex anrrosv asese am smoo co.sscusse memer an c even wen en e nuorrve see . an ecor s arcuae reaveo sa ane,reeran a aoruee arre. eemreoe amen, c s orene a aou aoeree e wrs axssee .-.nes, r aenaeveroov aesaneessa cssnrou sa or anenner surace ou onaceween c ex e wen wrs assem s arcuaean,or exaammee,, c.- were. oreene a an oroona aneoe wrs axssee,or reucese amoun oorce reucunrneo amuoun o conaceweene c anuenoeaws. se croue wrs assem an ar ssa c s movenoeaws ,, avanceras oes aovnan wcnn ce m coarrerroexma. csese, , ec.saoe nexsa w reaneras , aeres ca cs weneasneoesn roeneaosre en anaemen memer aseen wrawnacnos or rve eerrn nowo . an n,arvosonsee.. noaws , sucao e memer avances c serouueracs sses , an oac anoo oen u an avanceoesa, en o.awss ensu,resa, aermresac,n c o c - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -catonnosonoe cose anace aws , see .-:.-- , o c serouueracs , ,e enaee ras armsea srns aesa ens oeaws,.eseea sr me o c ns secure arms , reease eoree caws.aseenevereoeaws,rve memer mae c roms cee . an w anrawn.roxnm soame eamconom senas,rveo rereve anoer wrawn wenaws are oen.n oer memer s wrawn aeraw emomens,rve memer mae conro ssemea ssu a mrre oc caosnesr.umensescreeren mae coueo aroxma arcuan en eecornors a ann ceonarwoss reaevenoaes orscsn wrs assemor memer sa anroxma sa anorransanrve ssem m oever csoeaws.n aon,e conro eac oae c mosn wor ann c caornrroeeo.nnuarnaocaon orve memer reaveoocaon oesa enaemen eemens ocuear,rvee c moenmroer s asoenm ma monore eermne wenerve memer souer carre o or exame,e conro ansaesa orroxma. sucaese enaemen eemens are srsaenmsa mea mrooxnor an conrorve memer e oennsne uer anower carreousn assmocaae un wee arresocasea-m over cne carre.e conro ssem maen mono os sucae enaemen e r an conrorve memerneesreocaon wenmeanwss are,rans.aee csoanro un sseesa-mos csocae roxma wrawa oerve memer aere cams meean maocneor a ann s ceocnurreo - _- ssue anor a vesseorevenn averensenae anrteenrtnateo.n:a -catono ere.: -- croroa occurrence.e conro ssem ma asmoe mnon oore anrv ceo mnerom meorv aneme oerve memero aocaon one carre assoc en remannne ca ae we mossa c a aowe usesr r cr oon cre oo. nr sos eeamc m oaee au mnacnuoans co onroe snssermum w userneraces auomac conro ssema monors en, or mae an emomens,e an conroseseuncons.n some usero aus or c coonnrroo s cesraemnsu anc coomns,naon o manua an auomaca aowse wn ceran ranes we auomacamnoseuncons eecn aocano cenr oa orn ea emram enoee amrs ee. mnesn, eeemnsenrusm.en mea sensnocrsu mea sensnocrsuneo an so swnor sensorsoreecnocaon,orce anoror uae er ocen ue.n one emomen,e sensorsncue measuremensn seensoarws,s, sucee anssoneranrsa anorra onesr c orrovn srannsrumen.arous ssems omonens oe surca o an an meosor monorne sae an reaveoson no. ocaer,neree onmue.nso,ns are, aenscr.e.na...o.a,en a,,caeon onucaon ,e comeescosures o wc arencorora un., uroses. eeren reerenceor a mcrorocessor, mec crooncro, s ors aem mcaaonn-csuece oncen ore mraoreerocessorse.., evcese.., ranom-access memor anor rea-on memo crrc,u an, one orn meore memor a communcaonnerace.erocessors mancue one or more comurear-creea anaoer - _- raeevces anor soware acaonsa sorerora anrteenrtnateo.n:a -caton so ere.: -- rocessorso comareeee mnsruconsa aowe evces ca ceorue ororce werescre rane.e e.., a usenrnnceruaece o.ne oer moreevecvecse csana enaee useronerac we ssem ea, one or more ncue,or exame, aoucscreensa, a ou seeceosrs, one or morencaors. maememenenraccrcee a asn a croomcessnoar,ons ooaer awarreec,aeae conroers so,eruncons asescr soware, anrmware. amon eren c eeren maeerorme one un, orve u comnaon oarowmonens, eac o wc maememenenurn an reareer,e snoware, anrmware. surcansrumen ac meao su.or, a anr eexvemousare esmcroemnensr oum aeneesoerae sown,ensrumen enerancues aroxm ece.s an coueo sa oensrumen. aousn asroxma ennsrumen memor or soraeevceno sown.roxem maemoorus cnanero mrma a nnucmuee an uncons wenensrumensoae on a manuaor r o conro ssem.or exame, armno sown o a roocs comae waarcuear m seumrocra c sansermov.e a sonnaa ve,re mnemoar meansruemen ensrumen an en eecoreweers a scae, a ne n a c aer, an eecro eeraser,aws, scssors, can reconuresrocraaumemrnaoe, oareeue avoanae seur ocae snssermum soae ssem caaes.surerscusseeow,e m en's secaze arcecure oensrum emor mancue seccs one conro aorms, suc asenoo, a cnomncauncee anarcaunar va vaueuse.sa soue emoen - _- xmaousn aso mancue aorceorueanrteenrtnateo.n:a -caton ro rerveer.a:nsm-- mecansmno sownor recevn ouurome m sson orceoruerverans oors oe manuaor arm.e eecor oensrummsesnon mroeucan ansmnsrraunmsmens sae ouu morome moorso an en mecansm.xemar surca roocnsrumens,nsrumenmuanneuoaore arrmansnmesrsaon srucures, anaaransereweenensrume ce escren..a.o ns an servomecansms moreu reerence. .,,,euscosure o wcsncororaeeren a conro ssem, su.c asu as roraoesc a coonwro c sars oe arocess a mae carre ou anescreeowas cou msuc ase one sownn . an oe surcansrumen.e rooec coon aroro sxmseamonucsunes or aaecasen on meecansm reasnu commansrom maser con rocessora acuaon s roers oerae e useroers an secon mecanca asceumaso wn ann coancroen o meecnasnrusmm.enoe acuaon ssemsenrove arcuaon an c acaonn resonseo manuaeronor om vaer mouasseurnncuons,ev succ as n one emomen,eacen mecansmncues ars es or conron arcuaon oe en eecor re rve ssem or conrononu aveoe sa an a seconrve ssem c naransaon oerve memerroue sao avanceawss annoore coaswes a ann s reearaec oneo ar vveess memer aere csaveeen coueoe rve ssemor oenn an cosneea.ws aenaocr aenou mrecarnvesm or m caonrnocu ssee ar monorn an conroneonunaocaon oerve mor avancer wnensrumen sa. memer.e.,e c - _- one emomen orocess,e conro sseman mrteenrtnateo.n:a -caton n earee.: oe-- acuaeersrve ssemneacen mecansm raeo e..,o sraen aen wrs s o arcuaee en eecor, see se .ncee wrsucaseaen ser ean eeneeco,rse s cuonsraon sasemar maaeeoe sao acuaee seconrve ssemneacen me oerae sao avance ars cansmo avanceerve memer n some emomens, oerawssa a-rmeo ose cnenrooreo aawvsa oncnensrumensee se . oer emomens,eaws mae cose e cnoeaws.n coueoeawsse ,e c orara oen.ncee caseen rve ssemo reracerve memonerror soxsmema marome oeeraawes soo acuaee secon seconore nexsa-mos cne c carre a ans w a emomens,e cs we avanceoee see se .n some eosonrevous o r sucae secon cs avanceo nese ccue ers c asers cs avancenoeaws. ensr eummeon omren cs, caerrrvee moem enera weee r seeraceoe sameoson reaveo emomens,erve memer con c asers c.n oer c e s mae rerace moreroxmao enaee secon ese emoecomnen cs, weas c noon arova sncseems maannceu saeme oeraon asers c.n mecansmsoreermnneocaon oe c avanc seenrsoor es,ns cuorenroaers,s o rr oero aoson corresonn we secon cne ca erace soue noea an oe aov rreasscusserevous. eac oer, ore mae comne we-es ecarce oerrv seu scsemas, moar exaemnee, oenen o ssemrveswounconaes, suc as,or nerve camn oeaws. exame roaon oe en eecor an - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --c-aton arcuaee ene e coencroor sos roemae maeaewns ree oeraeo acuaeersrve ssemo osoneaws ar aveoe san orero,or exame, ene oeraeoo aucnua aeareeer vesrsvee o srssesmueos ceosee.e conro ssem ma cose,ace, an seae aroune aws sucae cs course, we recoarnez vesse orssuese . arvanceanerve eaaerve memer an cs mae w memer reraceroue wrsoe en eecor wee scsusssee anov.ee,., werevee m eenm eersecors roaeneaw,c or rorecons.s ex wne wrs oensrumenescor aeowereenrnvceu meemexeroe reomraonnsoaen or e wrs aneawsurn arcuaon oe en ee sonen emomens,e conro ssem m cor. us,n ceran aeaws areosone arounaeear oeerasesueo orr vses asrec aunaee en eecor suc memer ane en avanceerve rooceeoerasr e nso c seur an coavoe s,e seeaw m.rse.sen. surcuasranserumens mae emoen a oeran room emo s, as an exame, ao vew o an cases a rooc surcan ss ae rmoocn sucrucna s asoenms.oee“ ro”oc surca ssemns weerormn a mnmanvasvea uze aureon“” asssance nosc or surcaroceure, usua w eranarome o“ne or moresssans“”, on aaen“” wosnown on an maser conroerse s” oenr.veomorec eaacns om usee suorreeone'ssuraenrs w an o men accenuromwo rooc arms. surcansrumens moune on eac oea roonccu aremsw.o orer maovree - _- muncaoneween maser conroers an assocae r anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -caton com re.: -- assemessca aceverou a c ooc arm annsrumenncues aeas onero onro ssem.e conro ssemca e assocae rooc armce assnornsaru rmeeans asnseum comesm aansrome maser conroerso orceeeac oree.ne e nacne case o,or exame, ssem commercaz xame o a rooc surca ssemse ™ varee o snruucuvreau arrrancae,mnecn.s oavuennevenae u,seaoo sruna.ore surca cnasreum aen ro aoce s suurrccaa s maenuurnao rro,oc surer.ervennae or "save"s oen rooc surca manuaorurn m annma exemnvaarsven roaoec ar sraunreerme anresor use as a ..a.os.,,,,,,,,, an,,,euscesocsruren wc arencororaeeren reerencener enre es o oen manuae annsrume or auroses.esenaes uc a man noero wc annsrumenavn a sas moune. moon oeunasrourm sernucuoree cranancsume aearoa roeaooranm aonaeoronaeneraes a remoe cener o manuaonoc u ac axsanersecs manuaor srucu ae aoneen oensrumen sa.uc a oerasmereo ca rno aasoonn acouue a aaaww axosnaaseenrereanesc muoaron oensrumen a asonersecse remoe cener o manu oec axs an manuaon wencsonon aon. anne remoe cener o or cannua a an aomna wauornenaearrnoasc sourcc saur seer,or a enxa emn ee, we arocar surcansrumen caneosone sae movner cor oe e manuaornae woumosnoena oxma en oe sa usn aomna wa.ernave manuaor srucures areescrazear,oours exaomrcese, anan.s.ae. - _- anrteenrtnateo.n:a -caton o ere.: -- scs.osu,res, o w,,,,,,,,,,,,, an,,,eu ucrn areen scuorrocraaeroceereunre, reeeereesnucener enreor auroses. m eecanca acuaon an conro o a vare o surcarcnasr sumseenms c oanroroovseavn en neeeceo,rsrasaner aormoo var voeussunconsore sureon,or exame,on orrvn a oe masernuevces.sean,ussaeconn anss cuoen,r oor oeee,n resonseo manuaon eneca asec o rooc se en eecorss aarcuar s surca ssems.ors reason,sesraeorove muorvecmaenoo os ana ennc eueec morecoan msmmsarovewo orreeerees o roaona mecansms soue arorae szceeor n uaseuran a ac monnm oa a snuvraseovne's wrs.uc reave smenesno reuceosseo roceure an mecansms sourove a ns oaure.n aon, suc manuaen a w n aeuae rane o moono aowe en eecoroe seoeureee on,on v esaoree annc ouoess ao mnos.nor orsan anmae o a surca ea, an aro r manuaae conroevces an , aoo more o a vare ocenssuorev.cese su ccon arsooesvccess,ov aens mancue an one or conroers, ooreee.e ,rer-uns,an-oeraeneraen rocessor mae aecae comuera mae eounrsoeoen oreroosrmosn ae nexo. manuane conr mnmanvasve surcaroceure manuaors” soaoeroecvescseosr a cnausesaesro res reeecrrveoeren as “maser assemes, an ,aso reerreoeren as “save maenu asasoocrsa”eo r moaoncu aarme - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton er resecve remova coue surcansrum - erenoe as m “oonoosr” acco ens an aso reerreo ons rn, weeureon vewse surca sen- onen ac o aseso coasure an a se,r aesos wceo acs eneo esncoosecoe., mae oswerneoroeu sur ac caann suea orro ouer aooueno sownnoeaen so aso exenncson.ac oe rooc arms cosrr ceosnvoennnona mnomramenvasvencson suc as wcn are co.ueoeer an manu ons, suc asn , aso aerou moor conroe or acveons, suc o rooc armsee nnum useer on sure scasoos use a oneme an conseuen,e numer surcaroceure ane sace conesmrans w wennerae oeeraenn o ronome,anosc or acors.s necessaro cane one amon oer ess or more oeoosen useurn aroceure, w asnoane mraoo removreome aoora no“o”nenren useroms rooc arm, an reace e monor maeosonee o nereaarne room. sa aroecemaeas oren ureon'sans soa woonrecown onoe oerane s soe.aoeau erne,onmaeeess oaeeo oor sses a acnua ma aearoeeocraoeces ssuorsanaero wrmesr veareouureon'sans areocae. uenvcceosna aneroromsesr roesreacnsvaee ro anocra ans rmseu srnceon an msencanec s rase o mmoon. on ceonro overus soaeureon can eec u conro snasoos an .noermoranunconsovem memanenu vaareouse cornr roes secsevme - _- anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -caton rocesses asescreeren. re.: -- ,,,e oonoca sur,er s,sessmuse an o meos areurerescren..a.o. onov.,,ssue nu., ,..a.o.,,,essue onc.,,..a.o.,,,e onc.,, , on..eca..,o.,,,..,a.eo o.n,an.,,,e,s osnr.,,ssue onu., ,,,e onr., ,s ue onun., ,..a.o. e onec. sue onu., , an..a.o.,,, eren reer,ence,orss aueu one.,,euscosures o wc arencororae eancurcasemrosesn.u suveauer rococ surca ssem currenn uses . usraes, as an exame, aa s,nec. necessarnrooron o vew o a smeno reresenave o roorc com armee asseumsraeve rooc arm assem wcsnsrumen wcs reres s an on a surca r enave ooos an orerormn a surca asosecmeure.es m suerccaancansrumen s removaenoooer.e arm movae car or axe suooree o aeraasen, waec m ora ceeanr o aaen-se ns an wc are coueoeer ano . ncuesons an ease rou seu manuaosone. n se ouoen arsm an wennersra exeasm aree a rereeaassveonsa aow on aowsn oe man se.or exame, seu on aowsn o ua roae aou axs, an seu ou onew moannuas an roaweo se auouo axnss are. sownns exame, - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton more oress o eac mae use as aroraens a - escreeren.or exame, aou seuons ann oer a rroe uosecu armor asosermzones osonn oe arm, aona seuons maencue a a verca an anuarosonn oe arm n useuorme arme, anoweovcer,e .or maor vercaosonn oe as arm ma asoe sa move aone verca axs oe moors.awoee n ronoo acs aoro wmn. s assem asoncuesree acveonsrvenon aows arm secon armo se rcooane aoou ro aane a axrosuner anen axscu, an ac axsan oroonaoeane oerawn.e a aroa o a secons an are awa rm secon s conure so s moor.s a conseuence,esnsarruameeno eac m oaere a csoneroaco mnovs roae eaw anc moors so asovo aouevoon e rvn rou manuaosonn oe seu , wcseneraocaencecsoannsnmonoe saoen.n a ons an so asoe aeon o m on, annseronear mae coueo anearrve owun eoa ecxe on oer raewra,cce, annsrunmseernono aons axs. ears,, an ,s conroe annvuaon ornes or conroers are conroe ar conroer,eree assem aso reerre ao coemremno ans m aa “ssearsave conro ssem soae rooc arm usere.., sureon manuaon os assocavee m manaseura moarn” muae conroerouneneaeescreo senveeram emeomereenos, aasveeen sownanor.erawns,s no roan scoe ase ar w aow anae secscaneonnee reaaeewesscer.oenreeor aes, - _- oveescron sou noe consrue asmn,u mereanrteenrtnateo.n:a -caton e a aesre.: -- oresen scose emomens.us,e sc exemcaons eermne e aene cams aner oe oe emomens soue ven. ea euvaens, raerane exames evcesescreeurer,sescron'sermnoos noneneome anorue, uness oreernw.seenercmae “orceere”ns oroe consrue as encomassnoorce “oos” an “nsrumens” are usenercan ceeaar conerreancoe ree cronoex.e seurermsnsrumens.s usens seccaon ane aene cam ca “an,” an “e,” an an snu s,e snuarorms “a,” an uneuvocameo onaer u resee oren an. weorer,mnsc “cuoeura reerens uness exress an “conann” areoe consrue as oen-eneermmsrs.en.,, m”e “anavnn “,”n “cnucunn,” nomeo,” uness oerwse noe.eerms “con ,u consrue asar or wo c nece” an “coue” areoes somennervenn onane wn, aaceo, oroneoeer, evenereoescre one eemena. 'sa ore raeuarev'se reeramos—nssuco a asn “oroexr emeam”e ann o “resaaur—e amsauser uaseneures.ese saa reaveerms areneneo enc e .e.,ocaons an orenaons omasserenosonsn aonoeoson an or.ee.n, raoaono snaownacenmenes our aes.evocren use or oeraon “roxma” an “sa” are reaveer exame,eerms e oecure ms, wereeerm “sa” reersoeoron o ase oenn osreomoo an co oveerra oror oe ene ensercuomre on an cosesoe surca se, sucncaese reaveroxmoe oeraor oe suerncsarumnsenru.mene aenrm r “eerrosxoma”e - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --c-aton aorocna oon, aen o enec e ceocsoers reoerseo oeraor anuresrome surca se.nsncunu nom aoonsae aesa en o annsrumen, aes, an oerooes, woocrce msa orrasers, neeervers, scaes, scssors, sauas, monooar oroar or ma no use enero cauerzessue.e., a seccaescreeroso eornes. n s anene ar w unersanaeevces an meos exe usraene accomannrawns are non-mn exemmaarr e emmoommeenns m.aee coemaurneesusrae orescren connecon w one aernaves an mocaons caneev wseeoesaeu sres oe onere em aro wmoeuns.earous romescosure.ccorn,eresenescr arn aernaves, mocao onsneneo emrace a suc urereaures an avnasn,a anes v oaranecesr.esesn wesc, oone sene ar w arecae emoumaren ss.owcnc ao surease one aove-escre arc nrn,eresenescrons nooeme waaseennsrumenor anor s ee uxsc rarme cae c,, exnce so a a srs ssn ue. ascaeece n, ares a emenoem ceanmss. a surca avn aonuna a srumen comrses an eonae sa seconaws movaeexws,e aenn e onen e anec coros ceouoesoons,e sa anncunrs anransaeonunaroue arve memer conureo an sec saoever one or more surca csoers reaveonoaewson anu ann aacu aaxosr a enxe cnonnureroue saaera oerve memer coseosons. o moveeawseweene oen an secon emomensers emomen, werenonuna - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a -catonransaon oe acuaor causeseawso m -- r emom oveeweene oen an coseosons. ure ens an comnaon oerswo emomens, axs, wr coermenrsonn au secnon acuaoraera oerve memer reaveoeonuna moveeweene oen aanr canosseaonos ooers an secon acuaors causeseawso werene acuaor com^th ermseso anm eenonsn a asn. comnaon oers emomens, coueoesa enoron, werenee ro en eavenco ar cosmar enses ao sron, an a son son avancesroue soo mov o an werene t^h e eeawseweene oen an coseosons. werene acuaor comrmseos anm eenonsa aen ro comavnna aon oers emomens, secon sons coueoesa enoron, werenes ean en eecoorro cno,m anrsers an so coueoersaw an a secon so cou s ars an secon sons eoe seconaw, werenersawseweene oe an avnanc ceoserouosoers an secon sos, resecve,o movee urer comrsn: a w^th r esm asosemmen cosns u a.nn come enaon oers emomens,nernaue exennroue wrs assem, wenren eeecorrv we memeer ssa con anu anoransaerouen re e acuaor^th eemrnao canne. weren mens an comnaon oers emomens, ns^thsoseaera oenernaue. w emomens an comnaon oers emomens, erereenncuea wrros a a sssaem axs.voa couese en eecor we sa aou an axs - _- anrteenrtnateo.n:a -caton t^h emomens an comnaon ere.: -- werene acuaor comrses ar caeavn aexe ooreonrssos emomens, wrs assem an conureoen as e wne t^h emomene wrs assem arcuaes. werene wrs assem comrsesss aan an comroxnaon oers emomens, comrses an ouer sea sn coueo aeas onmea ones,s wae arener cae n^th emomens an comn nroxmans. werene ouer aon oers emomens,oesan. sea oer caes sn coueoeroxman anxe werene wrs assem^th emvooame cnouse asne co emn enaeconor o weers sa a emoomens, secon axes,ers an seco urs an t^h emn axeserencuaroe sa axs. werene wrs assem coommresens as arno comnaon oers emomens, soseeweeneroxma ansanxs,m waerenn, aersa cane c aonm a men sea sn coueoeroxm rses an ouer n. an ane men anxeoesa werener caeu^t r^h eemr coommresnessr aonxm caom anaon oers emomens, exeoron, wereneroxma ansaonronssaaveor aonrs on eer se oe exeoron. eaer r ane were ^th emomens an comnaon oers emomens, surcan ce.rve memer comrses asa comonenor remova couno a - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton t^h emomens an comnaon oers e.m: -- wonerreon ssee amcuoarorra comrses aro omens, c xma enoron conureor couno a rooc nns anaoner aes acecua,o arors o eemn ano coseeaws. an surca csossue.ensrumen commernses an a e suornacae snsrumenoronuna axs, a wrs assem coue aavn aue exennro o asa enoron oe sa, aexe coueoe wrsu annec wursn anrse annn s annerna canne, an en eecor roaa osons an arve memer conureoecorannsaaweso movaeeween oen an cose canne oeexeueoever one or more surncau cnasoreours anen seecronaaws. nues conureo seenco ans eem worsm aensers emomen, wereneexe werene wrs asr emomensssem an co amrcunaaeosn re oaveeorsew eon em eoecmore.ns csoenmsvoa couee en e , axes,ers an se ecor aours an secon t^h a exmesoerencuaroe sa axs. wer mens an comnaon oers emomens, exeenuee aesxee wurse asss conureoenn aeasrs an seconocaons one t^h ememovos aouers an secon axes. wer mens an comnaon oers emomens, co.eneexeue comrses a co an an eascomer sea surrounne wereneexeue^th c eommorsemse an smsoo ann coermnan sauroance o.ers emomens, - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n:a -caton t^h emomens an comnaon oers em:om-- wereneexeue comrses a susan ens, n^th emomens ana-sae cross-secon. werene-sae cross secon oeex coemunea coomn orsese a sersm emomens, an a susananearoron, werene surcansrumenur-ecrr ccoumarrsoeron acuaor ro exennrome saoe en ee s an oron oeexeu coraera oe susananear eweene oen an ce, werene acuaor ros conureo moveeaws to^hs eemosons. wereneexeue comorsmesen a crsos asn-sec coomnnaaon oers emomens, nearorons anrs an secon sem-crcuarorvonns exrsen ann secon susana orons. eweenenear urer comrsnr^th emomens an comnaon oers emomens, eecor an conureso an mo sveeconea awcsuaeorwe ros exennrome saoe en ers an secon ros areaera oerse anne se ocoenn a snu csoseosons, weren resecve, oeexeue ananearorons, urer comrsn ann acu^th a eom. r cooumeenos aen w comnaon oers emomens, reaveoe s rs assemor roane en eecor ssem. a, werene acuaors conureor couno a rooc conro an surca cns anoosesru aes.ec,e ansrrsum eemno commernsess a an e suorncansrumenoronuna axs, an en eecorncunrs an seconaws movaaee seaweeanv onen a - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton an coseosons, a wrs assem co .: -- roaa coune en eecoroe smars anou a anrs axsne croeunecoe en eecor aner ovre m moerme suerr cocan cureora uaroe sa an o nsaeonunaroue wrs assemoever assemurer com srescs eosno a se ee cmrs oo amnen secosneawsr.s emomen, werene wrs r emonmenns ro anaa c coueoersn. werene wrs assemurer comrses ao mmneaonn oeweeenrsewo emomens, ns, wersenereen mcuens roaa c rs an secon secon ax oueoers an seconns aou a werene seconn^ta^hr s eo rmoemrs aean axs ces a an on ce eor emennacuoanr ooee sars. emomens, urer comrsn an a^t c^h u eamoro exmeennns anrou comn e enaec wrosnor a o. ssemersaera em ooemernvse, memer anen con^thu ermeoo mmoevneseawseweene oen an coseosons. werene acuaor comrses a roavn an a ceoxmenaoronon o eers emomens, assem. xennroue wrs werenee ^th emomens an comnaon oers emomens, oeexexoreono arsones csoannure aro exan an conrac aon aonuna axs n^th emome cuaes reaveoeroxman. were ns an comnaon oers emomens, snn coeueexoeoeroronx cmomarnses. an ouer sea secureoesan an - _- anrteeenrtnateo.n:a -caton t^h emomens an comnaon o re.: -- werenerve memer comrses asa comonenor reemovrsa emomens, surca c. couno a werener ^th emomens an comnaon oers emomens, recevnroruss aonns seconawsncuers an seconueracs, resecve,or n on^the e smurocam censo anu ceome snuarocna o coeaws. werene surca cncuesrs an secon arms, an weererns a emomens, rs an seconaws comrses an enaemen eemenor securn a eas one oe an secon arms oe co sa aeas one oers an seconaewass. one oers - _-

Claims

anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --c-aton comrs. surcansrumenor a n surca csossue,ensrumen ann e:onae s eween an o eenn a enecora couaveno aone suan aan axncsun rs an seconaws movae arve mem coesre conosuons one or more surca csoreoransaeonuna rou e saoeveronu anna ac auxaso arn ex ceonnn e urerours an o move s e sec eaon awasearwas ew o an eeneerv oee mne amne cro reseavoesoones. acuaor c.auseseawesnos mruomveene ow ceeanme, o wener aenn conoseuonsaornasn.saon o e a . ensrumen o cam,urer comrsn a secon acuaor arnaenrsa ca o osoen oer oseve m onrssem . aner se rceoanv aecouaoerso cnausuesnae aaxwss, wo meorevenoenweeunnae oen eonae. ro avn aesnasr eunmenor oo cn,a amn a, w soerenn coue aceuaoor ceomsars ees an werene en eecor comrses a so an werene so n av n oron, soo moveeawseweene oen an cose osons. ancesrou e - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton . ensr .: -- eonae ro umen o cam, werene acuaor comrses an sa enoraovnn, w aeresna ene enor eoenc, aonr comrsr asnes s aecorns s soo couns ceouoeeoe an a secon so coueoe seconaw, wereners a rsaw avancerouers an secon sos, rese n secon sons oen an coseosons. cve,o moveeawseweene . a wersns arsusmemen o co cuamn,uer eer comrsn: annernaue exennroun eeec worrs w r ansase sa an rve memers conureoransaerouenee cmann,e w.erene enern.aue. ensrumen o cam, werene acuaorssoseaera o coues.e en eecoer wnsrumeen s oa c aaomu a,n w axesrenereen wrcusa arssoem a sav axosa. caeav.n aexeeonrsrounmenso ose ca wm,n weer wernse acuaor comrses ar ase wrs assem arcuaes. assem an conureoen - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton . ensr .: -- sa anrox umen o cam, werene wrs assem comrses coueo aeamsa onen os, weeresna anerrox camae conms.rses an ouer sea sn s sn. coueoeensrrouxmmena on ca anmx,e weoreneesa ouenr s.ea oer cae c . ensrumen o cam, werene wrs assem voa aoxueseesreen encu earecoore w sa aex ss.a aours an secon axes,ers an secon roxma.n, asaennsrumen o cam, werene wrs assem comrses a ns, werener ca an a mensoseeweeneroxma ansa n ane men ane coxmerosese ans ouaern s.ea sn coueoeroxma roxma a.nsaoreonnssru omne en oer s caem o, weeerexneer caeure eoorro r comrses ansaoronsave areaer r aneex onn,. wereneroxma sa com.onenor reemnosvarume cnou o cnamo a, s wurercean ce.rve memer comrses a - _-

anrteeenrrtnateeo.n:a -caton . ensr .: -- en umen o cam, werene acuaor comrses aroxma acuaoorroon o coenn anure cosoer coueanws.o a rooc conro ssemorransan e nsrumen. c surcansrumenor a n surca csossue,e an eomrsn: a wrosn asaseem sa coauvne aoo ansuan ean axs a an eenx eeeucoer e rxoeanan coruoueoe wer wsor r asnon o anenne cn s u aa nnnresrna canne movaeeween oen an cose osons an an seconaws o e aexrvee mueemoere covner ounree oro mroarnes saurecoan cusnoaerrosu an seecnonernaaw cs.anne conure.oen ase seu wrrcsa asnsesmrume anr ocu caaems rea, wveeroene eene execeoru.es voa c.oue e een su ereccaorn asrouumenrs o an ca smecon, werene wrs assem s erencuaroe sa axs. axes,ers an secon axes - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton . e surcansr - conureoenn aeasrs anum seen o cam, wereneexeues assem vos aouers an seconco anxeso.caons oneexeue ase wrs comrses. a co an ane e suarsccaonsmruemr senea o c suarrmoun,n weree cno.eexeue comrses. a smoonee srnuar scuarancse.rumen o cam, wereneexeue comrses. a susanae sur-scaaens crruomsse-nsec oo cna.m, wereneexeue secon o.eexeeu suer cocmarnssersu am seenm o-c cam, werene-sae cross oron, werene surcansr rcuaroron an a susananear e saoe en e umenurer comrses an acuaor ro exennrom werene acuaecoraera oe susananearoron oeexeue, osons. or ros conureo moveeawseweene oen an cose comrses. a cros e surcansrumen o cam, wereneexeue an secon sem-sc-sreccuoarnoarvonns erxse annn secoenwe seunsaenanearnoeraronos.rons anrs - _- anrteeenrrtnateeo..n::a --caton . e surcans - secon acuaor ros ex rumen o cam,urer comrsnrs an eawseween ennrome saoe en eecor an conureo moveaera e oen an coseosons, wereners an secon ros areue. oers an secon susananearorons, resecve, oeexe e . ensrumen o cam,urer comrsn an acuaor coueos co wnrsu arsesemor couor rnoaon a roeo enc c eonecroor s resaemv.eoe sa, werene acuaor nsrumen. surcansrumenor an surca csossue,e an e comrsn: an enon eaeec sorancauvnn arosn anu sencaon axs oson aws movaeeween oen an cose coun as wres en ass eemecor coomers sna a aorsn coueoe en eecor roaa arve memer conureoreanus an axserencuaroe sa an ever one or more surca cso rsa aenon secounnaaws.roue wrs assemo urer com.rses a seceo snurnca ronsaraumen cou o ceamoe, wrserenn.e wrs assem - _- anrteeenrrtnateo.n:a -caton . e su e.: -- urer com rcansrumen o cam, werene wrs assem ns roaarse cso au meoeneresw aenen seceonrsn ans a seocuon a sencosn, w axerseneree me ers axs anerencuaroe sa. ncuaro aaceo.e en eeec sourr.cansrumen o cam, werene seconns r exenn.rouee w srusr acssaemnsrumaeenra o o caemrve, muremere cro amrsn an acuaor moveeawseweene oen an coseosons. nen conureo roavn. aexeeor suornc eaxennsrnumenrou o caem wrs, w asseermen.e acuaor comrses a co . e surcansrumen o cam, wereneexeorons snaunre aroc euxaanes r aena cvoenorace aornox amaonnu.na axs oeexeoron ase comrses. an o e surcansrumen o cam, wereneexeoron n. uer sea secureoesan an sn coueoeroxma - _- nteenrtnateo.n:a -caton . e surcansrumen arere.: -- comrses asa comonenor remova o co cuamno, w a seurrencae cr.ve memer ncuer.s an secone suurecaracnssr,u rmesenec ov cea,mor r,ec wevernenroerursso anns seconaws surca couee surca coeaws. one ncues.rs an secone su arrmcs,a anns wrumereenn o a ceaasm one, o wereenre surca c comrses an enaemen eemenor securn aeas on s an seconaws e co sa aeas one oers an seconaws.e oers an secon arms o - _-