WO2024240002A1 - 天线模块及电子设备 - Google Patents

天线模块及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024240002A1
WO2024240002A1 PCT/CN2024/092806 CN2024092806W WO2024240002A1 WO 2024240002 A1 WO2024240002 A1 WO 2024240002A1 CN 2024092806 W CN2024092806 W CN 2024092806W WO 2024240002 A1 WO2024240002 A1 WO 2024240002A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
feeding
power distribution
point
antenna radiator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/092806
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董运峰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd filed Critical Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Priority to EP24810249.3A priority Critical patent/EP4716008A1/en
Publication of WO2024240002A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024240002A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/44—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna, e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna module and an electronic device.
  • the antenna design in terminal devices is generally restricted by the high integration of terminal devices.
  • Antenna devices in terminal devices are restricted by their size, clearance and excitation mode, so it is difficult to take into account the performance indicators of multiple antennas at the same time.
  • the performance of the Over The Air (OTA) technology of the terminal device can be improved by increasing the transmission power of the RF end without changing the performance of the antenna device, but the specific absorption ratio (SAR) of the terminal device will increase with the increase of the transmission power.
  • OTA Over The Air
  • SAR specific absorption ratio
  • the present application aims to provide an antenna module and an electronic device to improve the antenna device in the terminal device. performance.
  • an antenna module comprising a power distribution network and at least one antenna radiator, each of the antenna radiators comprising a plurality of feeding points, the plurality of feeding ends of the power distribution network being used to connect the corresponding plurality of feeding points in the antenna radiator, and the power distribution network being used to distribute radio frequency signals to the corresponding plurality of feeding points in the antenna radiator.
  • an electronic device comprising the antenna module described in the first aspect.
  • the radio frequency signal is connected to multiple feeding points corresponding to at least one antenna radiator, and the multiple feeding points corresponding to at least one antenna radiator can work together to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device in the electronic device. Since the radio frequency signal is dispersed to multiple feeding points at different positions of a single antenna radiator or dispersed to multiple antenna radiators located at different positions of the electronic device, the concentration effect of energy radiation is reduced, and the SAR value of the electronic device can be effectively reduced under the same transmission power. Different antenna radiation modes can also be stimulated, which improves the directivity of the antenna far-field radiation pattern to a certain extent. The performance of the antenna device is effectively improved, thereby improving the communication performance and user experience of the electronic device.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure can be connected to at least one antenna radiator through multiple feeding points, so that the multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, effectively improving the performance of the antenna device, thereby improving the communication performance and user experience of the electronic device.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 shows a current distribution diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a diagram showing an efficiency comparison between an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application and a related single feed
  • FIG14 shows a CDF diagram of gain comparison between the antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application and a related single feed
  • FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic structural diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG20 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG21 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • first or “second” in the specification and claims of the present application may include one or more of the features explicitly or implicitly.
  • plural means two or more.
  • and/or in the specification and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character “/” generally means that the objects connected before and after are in an “or” relationship.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components.
  • Figure 1 shows a structural schematic diagram of an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna module 10 includes a power distribution network 1 and at least one antenna radiator 4, each antenna radiator 4 includes multiple feeding points, and multiple feeding ends 3 of the power distribution network 1 are used to connect the corresponding multiple feeding points in the antenna radiator 4.
  • the power distribution network 1 is used to distribute the radio frequency signal to the corresponding multiple feeding points in the antenna radiator 4.
  • the relevant feeding method is generally a single feeding method, that is, the RF signal is connected to the antenna radiator including a feeding point and a grounding point.
  • each antenna radiator 4 may include multiple feeding points. In some possible implementations, the antenna radiator 4 may not include a grounding point.
  • the power distribution network 1 distributes the RF signal to multiple feeding points corresponding to one or more antenna radiators.
  • the multiple feeding points included in at least one antenna radiator can form an antenna cluster.
  • the multiple feeding points included in the same antenna radiator can form an antenna cluster.
  • the multiple antenna radiators are respectively Antenna clusters can also be formed between the multiple feeding points included. Compared with the implementation of related single feeding, when each antenna radiator includes multiple feeding points, antenna clusters can be formed in a more flexible way.
  • the SAR value of electronic equipment can be effectively reduced under the same transmission power.
  • different antenna radiation modes can be stimulated, which improves the directivity of the antenna far-field radiation pattern to a certain extent.
  • the antenna radiator 4 may not include a grounding point.
  • the current distribution of the antenna radiator at its operating frequency or frequency band is changed, and the antenna radiation pattern that can be excited at this time is more obviously different from the related single feeding mode (i.e., a single feeding point and a single grounding point of the antenna radiator), which can improve the directivity of the far-field radiation pattern.
  • the size of the antenna radiator 4 can be increased according to a preset multiple. The preset multiple is greater than 1, and optionally, the preset multiple can be 1.2-2 times.
  • the size of each antenna radiator is determined based on the preset antenna index combined with the antenna design (such as the number and position of the antenna radiator).
  • the size (preset size) of each antenna radiator may be the same or different.
  • multiple feeding points can be set on the antenna radiator, the grounding point involved in the relevant single feeding method can be cancelled, and the size of the antenna radiator can be increased according to a preset multiple, the preset multiple is greater than 1, and optionally, the preset multiple can be 1.2-2 times.
  • the antenna cluster formed by the technical method of the embodiment of the present application can improve the antenna bandwidth and antenna efficiency. At the same time, due to the change and superposition of the radiation pattern, the directivity of the antenna radiation pattern will also be improved.
  • the antenna radiator includes an antenna radiator with a ground point and an antenna radiator without a ground point, wherein the size of the antenna radiator without a ground point is larger than the size of the antenna radiator with a ground point.
  • the size of the antenna radiator without grounding points may be increased (the preset multiple is greater than 1, Optionally, the preset multiple may be 1.2-2 times), and accordingly, the antenna radiator with a grounding point may remain unchanged.
  • the size of the antenna radiator that is larger than the size of the antenna radiator that includes the grounding point may be used as the size of the antenna radiator without the grounding point.
  • the antenna radiator is a metal frame antenna, a flexible circuit board antenna, or a laser-engraved antenna.
  • the present application does not limit the type of the antenna radiator.
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple feeding terminals 3 of the power distribution network 1 are connected to multiple feeding points on the antenna radiator 4 (flexible circuit board antenna).
  • the antenna radiator 4 is not grounded, that is, the grounding of the relevant antenna radiator is omitted.
  • the setting of the specific feeding point can be determined by simulation calculation according to the optimization target of the antenna performance. The present disclosure does not specifically limit the selection of the specific feeding point.
  • the antenna radiation pattern that can be excited at this time is more obviously different from the related single feeding method.
  • the size of the antenna radiator is increased by a preset multiple (the preset multiple is greater than 1, optionally, the preset multiple is 1.2-2 times)
  • the antenna cluster formed can obtain the beneficial effect of improving bandwidth and efficiency.
  • the directionality of the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna device will also be improved.
  • FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal frame antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • multiple feed terminals 3 of a power distribution network 1 are connected to multiple feed points on an antenna radiator 4 (metal frame antenna).
  • the antenna radiator 4 is a metal frame antenna and the grounding point is omitted
  • the feed points can be symmetrically distributed on multiple antenna radiation branches of the antenna radiator, and the antenna radiation pattern stimulated by each feed is more obviously differentiated from the traditional single feed scheme.
  • the feed can be set at a symmetrical position and the size of the antenna radiator 4 is increased compared to the traditional single feed scheme.
  • the antenna cluster formed can obtain the beneficial effects of bandwidth and efficiency.
  • the directionality of the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna device will also be improved.
  • the setting of the specific feeding point can also be determined by simulation calculation according to the optimization target of the antenna performance, and the present disclosure does not specifically limit the selection of the specific feeding point.
  • multiple feeding points are connected to the antenna radiator so that the multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster.
  • the performance of the antenna device can be effectively improved without changing the external interface structure of the antenna module, thereby improving the communication performance and user experience of the electronic device.
  • each of the antenna radiators further includes a ground point.
  • the feed can be connected to any position of the antenna radiator, and the connection position of the feed can be adjusted according to the beneficial effects and performance requirements of the antenna cluster.
  • the antenna radiator may include a radiating branch, the grounding point may be arranged on the radiating branch, and the multiple feeding points may be arranged on both sides of the grounding point or on one side of the grounding point.
  • the distances between the multiple feeding points may be the same, for example, they may be evenly distributed on the one radiating branch.
  • the antenna radiator may include at least two antenna radiating branches, the radiating branches have at least one intersection, and the grounding point may be set at any one of the following positions:
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, it includes a power distribution network 1 and at least one antenna radiator 4, each antenna radiator 4 includes multiple feeding points, at least one antenna radiator 4 includes a grounding point 5, and multiple feeding terminals 3 of the power distribution network 1 are used to connect corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator 4.
  • the power distribution network 1 is used to distribute radio frequency signals to the corresponding multiple feeding points in the antenna radiator 4.
  • the antenna radiator can be a flexible circuit board antenna
  • the antenna radiator includes at least two radiating branches
  • the grounding point is set at the intersection of the radiating branches or the main radiating branch among the at least two radiating branches, wherein the main radiating branch is the radiating branch corresponding to the lowest operating frequency supported by the antenna radiator.
  • the size of the radiating branch corresponding to each frequency band is also different.
  • the grounding point can also be set at the intersection of multiple radiating branches corresponding to multiple operating frequencies, and the antenna radiator can also include only one operating frequency, that is, the antenna radiator includes only one radiating branch.
  • each antenna radiator 4 includes multiple feeding points, and at least one antenna radiator 4 includes a grounding point 5.
  • each antenna radiator may include a grounding point, or some antenna radiators may include a grounding point.
  • the number of feeding points included in different antenna radiators may be the same or different.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna radiator 4 includes a first feeding point 61 and a second feeding point 62, wherein the distance between the first feeding point 61 and the grounding point 5 is less than a first preset distance threshold, the second feeding point 62 is located between the first feeding point 61 and the grounding point 5, and the distance between the second feeding point 62 and the first feeding point 61 is less than a second preset distance threshold, wherein the second preset distance threshold is less than the first preset distance threshold.
  • the first preset distance threshold may be ⁇ /4
  • the second preset distance threshold may be ⁇ /8, where ⁇ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator 4 .
  • the first feeding point 61 and the second feeding point 62 can simultaneously obtain good self-impedance, thereby improving the antenna efficiency of the antenna cluster and reducing the SAR value of the electronic device.
  • the position of the feeding point can be further adjusted according to the reflection parameters of the antenna module.
  • the spacing between the first feeding point 61 and the second feeding point 62 can be set to
  • the first preset impedance threshold may be -6 dB
  • the third preset distance threshold may be ⁇ h /16, where ⁇ h is the actual wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator.
  • the actual wavelength is a wavelength in an actual application scenario obtained by calculation or simulation considering the overall design of the antenna module.
  • a decoupling structure may be introduced between the first feed point 61 and the second feed point 62 to avoid an adverse effect of the inter-feed coupling effect on the impedance constituting the antenna cluster.
  • multiple feeding points can be connected to at least one antenna radiator, so that multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, effectively improving the performance of antenna devices, thereby improving the communication performance and user experience of electronic devices.
  • the spacing between the first feeding point 61 and the second feeding point 62 can be set to be less than the fourth preset distance threshold.
  • the second preset impedance threshold can be -6dB
  • the fourth preset distance threshold can be ⁇ 1 /16, where ⁇ 1 is the actual wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator 4.
  • the above-mentioned actual wavelength is a wavelength in an actual application scenario obtained by calculation or simulation considering the overall design of the antenna module.
  • the coupled waves between the feeding points and the echoes of each feeding position produce destructive interference to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the impedance of the antenna device and achieving the beneficial effect of improving the antenna bandwidth and efficiency.
  • Figure 6 shows a structural schematic diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna radiator 4 includes a third feeding point 63 and a fourth feeding point 64, and the third feeding point 63 and the fourth feeding point 64 are arranged on both sides of the grounding point 5, and the distance between the third feeding point 63 and the fourth feeding point 64 is less than the fifth preset distance threshold.
  • the fifth preset distance threshold may be ⁇ /4, where ⁇ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator 4 .
  • the coupled waves between the feeding points and the echoes of each feeding position produce destructive interference to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the impedance of the antenna device and achieving the beneficial effect of improving the antenna bandwidth and efficiency.
  • the correspondence between the feed end 3 of the power distribution network 1 and the antenna radiator 4 can be flexibly set according to the needs and beneficial effects of forming an antenna cluster. It can be that multiple feed ends 3 of the power distribution network 1 are connected to multiple feeding points of a single antenna radiator 4. It can also be that each feed end 3 of the power distribution network 1 is connected to the corresponding antenna radiator 4 through a feeding point. It can also be that multiple feed ends 3 of the power distribution network 1 are connected to the corresponding antenna radiator 4 through feeding, and each antenna radiator 4 is connected to at least one feed end 3 of the power distribution network 1 through multiple feeding points.
  • FIG7 shows a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG7 , multiple feeding terminals 3 of a power distribution network 1 are connected to multiple feeding points in an antenna radiator 4 .
  • the antenna radiator 4 includes at least two radiating branches, and the grounding point 5 can be set at the intersection of the radiating branches or a main radiating branch in at least one radiating branch, wherein the main radiating branch can be a radiating branch corresponding to the lowest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator 4.
  • the positions of multiple feeding points can be flexibly set as needed.
  • the specific position of each feeding point on the antenna radiator 4 can be determined by simulation according to the goal of optimizing antenna performance.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the specific connection position.
  • multiple feeding points can also be flexibly set on both sides of the grounding point 5.
  • the coupling effect between feeds can be utilized to improve the performance of antenna devices.
  • different radiation modes are stimulated, so that the radio frequency signal is radiated through different positions of the antenna radiator, thereby improving the concentration effect of radiation energy and reducing the SAR value of electronic equipment.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna module 10 includes two antenna radiators 4, a plurality of feeders of the power distribution network 1, The power terminals 3 are respectively connected to multiple feeding points of two antenna radiators 4, wherein each antenna radiator includes two feeding points.
  • FIG9 shows a schematic structural diagram of another flexible circuit board antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG9 , the antenna module 10 includes two antenna radiators 4, and multiple feeding terminals 3 of the power distribution network 1 are respectively connected to the feeding points of the two antenna radiators 4, wherein each antenna radiator includes one feeding point.
  • the antenna module 10 can include more antenna radiators 4, and each antenna radiator 4 can include at least one feeding point.
  • the number of feeding points on each antenna radiator 4 can be the same or different.
  • the advantages of their respective positions can be utilized to complement each other.
  • the radio frequency signal can be dispersed to different positions of the electronic device for radiation, thereby improving the concentration effect of the radiation energy and reducing the SAR value of the electronic device.
  • the antenna radiators located at different positions of the electronic device are not easily affected by the use environment of the electronic device at the same time, thereby reducing the influence of the human body on the performance of the antenna device and improving the stability of the antenna radiation signal.
  • the antenna radiator can be a metal frame antenna, the antenna radiator includes at least two radiating branches, and at least two radiating branches have at least one intersection.
  • the grounding point is set at the intersection of at least two radiating branches or at the edge of one of the at least two radiating branches, wherein the edge is one end of a radiating branch away from the intersection.
  • FIG 10 shows a structural schematic diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna radiator 4 includes a first radiating branch 41 and a second radiating branch 42, the grounding point 5 is arranged at the edge of the first radiating branch 41, the fifth feeding point 65 is arranged at the second radiating branch 42, and the distance from the edge of the second radiating branch 42 is less than the sixth preset distance threshold, the sixth feeding point 66 is arranged at the first radiating branch 41, and the sixth feeding point 66 is arranged between the fifth feeding point 65 and the grounding point 5.
  • the sixth preset distance threshold may be ⁇ /2, where ⁇ is a free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator.
  • the antenna cluster formed by the above-mentioned technical method can effectively disperse the radiation energy of the antenna and reduce the SAR value of the electronic equipment.
  • FIG 11 shows a structural schematic diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna radiator 4 includes a third radiating branch 43 and a fourth radiating branch 44
  • the grounding point 5 is arranged at the intersection of the third radiating branch 43 and the fourth radiating branch 44
  • the seventh feeding point 67 is arranged at the third radiating branch 43 and the distance from the edge of the third radiating branch is less than the seventh preset distance threshold
  • the eighth feeding point 68 is arranged at the fourth radiating branch 44 and the distance from the edge of the fourth radiating branch 44 is less than the eighth preset distance threshold.
  • the seventh preset distance threshold may be ⁇ /2
  • the eighth preset distance threshold may be ⁇ /2
  • ⁇ is the free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency designed for the antenna radiator
  • the seventh preset distance threshold and the eighth preset distance threshold may be the same or different.
  • the antenna radiator is a metal frame antenna and a ground is placed between the feeds
  • the adjustment of each feeding position is more independent.
  • the antenna cluster formed by connecting multiple feeding points can obtain better self-impedance within its corresponding working frequency band.
  • the antenna cluster can obtain balanced performance in multiple frequency bands.
  • Figure 12 shows a current distribution diagram of the antenna module provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 11.
  • the antenna cluster formed by connecting multiple feeding points has a substantially symmetrical amplitude and phase of the antenna radiation signal, and a relatively balanced performance can be obtained within the working frequency band.
  • Figure 13 shows a comparison diagram of the efficiency of the antenna module provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 11 and the related single feed.
  • the grounding point of the antenna radiator is set at the intersection of the antenna radiation branches according to the embodiment of Figure 11, after the seventh feeding point and the eighth feeding point operate in the same operating frequency band and the RF signal is distributed in an equal amplitude and phase manner to form an antenna cluster, there is a significant improvement compared to the single-fed antenna module.
  • Figure 14 shows a CDF graph comparing the achieved gain of the antenna module provided by the embodiment shown in Figure 11 and the related single feed.
  • the CDF curve drawn based on the achieved gain of the far-field radiation diagram of the antenna cluster shows a lower percentage corresponding to 0dBi for the antenna cluster than the related antenna module with a single feeding point set for the antenna radiator, and the omnidirectionality of the antenna cluster is better at this time.
  • the SAR value of the antenna module 10 after forming the antenna cluster is significantly lower than that of the related antenna module with a single feeding point set on the antenna radiator.
  • FIG15 shows a schematic structural diagram of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG15 , multiple feeding terminals 3 of a power distribution network 1 are connected to multiple feeding points in an antenna radiator 4 .
  • the antenna radiator 4 includes at least one radiating branch, and the grounding point 5 can be set at an edge point of any radiating branch.
  • the positions of multiple feeding points can be flexibly set as needed, for example, they can be evenly distributed on multiple radiating branches.
  • the performance of the antenna module is also related to the shape and position of the antenna radiator, and the structural design of the electronic device to which the antenna module belongs.
  • Those skilled in the art may also appropriately adjust the position of the feeding point through simulation based on the design of this embodiment in combination with the shape and position of the antenna radiator, and the structural design of the electronic device to which the antenna module belongs.
  • the coupling effect between feeds can be utilized to improve the performance of the antenna module.
  • different radiation modes can be stimulated so that the radio frequency signal is radiated through different positions of the antenna radiator, thereby improving the concentration effect of radiation energy and reducing the SAR value of the electronic equipment.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna module includes two antenna radiators 4, and multiple feeding terminals 3 of a power distribution network 1 are respectively connected to multiple feeding points of the two antenna radiators 4, wherein each antenna radiator includes two feeding points.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another metal frame antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG17 , the antenna module includes two antenna radiators 4, and multiple feeding terminals 3 of a power distribution network 1 are respectively connected to feeding points of the two antenna radiators 4, wherein each antenna radiator includes one feeding point.
  • the grounding point 5 may be arranged at an edge point of the antenna radiator 4.
  • the positions of the multiple feeding points may be flexibly arranged as required, for example, they may be evenly distributed on the multiple antenna radiators 4.
  • the performance of the antenna module is also related to the shape and position of the antenna radiator, and the structural design of the electronic device to which the antenna module belongs.
  • Those skilled in the art may also appropriately adjust the position of the feeding point through simulation based on the design of this embodiment in combination with the shape and position of the antenna radiator, and the structural design of the electronic device to which the antenna module belongs.
  • the advantages of their respective positions can be utilized to complement each other.
  • the radio frequency signal can be dispersed to different positions of the electronic device for radiation, thereby improving the concentration effect of the radiation energy and reducing the SAR value of the electronic device.
  • the antenna radiators located at different positions of the electronic device are not easily affected by the use environment of the electronic device at the same time, thereby reducing the influence of the human body on the performance of the antenna device and improving the stability of the antenna radiation signal.
  • the antenna module included in the present application includes but is not limited to the type, quantity, shape, placement position, and combination form of the antenna radiator 4 shown in the embodiment.
  • the antenna radiator 4 can also be a laser-engraved antenna.
  • the design and performance optimization of the grounding points and multiple feeding points related to the laser-carved antenna are carried out based on the knowledge in the field of antenna design.
  • the antenna module 10 may include more antenna radiators 4, and each antenna radiator 4 may include multiple feeding points.
  • the number of feeding points on each antenna radiator 4 may be the same or different.
  • the type of antenna radiator 4 included in the antenna module 10 is not limited to the flexible circuit board antenna and metal frame antenna mentioned in the embodiment, and may also be a laser-carved antenna.
  • the multiple feeding terminals 3 of the power distribution network 1 can be connected to the same or different types of antenna radiators, and the number of feeding points of each antenna radiator 4 may be the same or different.
  • their different far-field radiation characteristics can be used to form complementary or positive superposition of radiation patterns, for example, complementarity is formed in their respective unfavorable directions (i.e., the concave part of the far-field radiation pattern), improving the omnidirectionality of the antenna device, or forming a positive superposition of the radiation pattern in a specific direction, improving the directivity of the antenna device.
  • any one or more of the above-mentioned antenna radiators containing multiple feeding points may also be combined with a related single-feed antenna radiator to form the antenna module of the present application, which can more flexibly enable multiple feeding points to work together to form an antenna cluster, effectively improving the performance of antenna devices, thereby improving the communication performance and user experience of electronic devices.
  • the power distribution network can split the RF signal into multiple RF signals and connect them to multiple feeding points of at least one antenna radiator to improve the performance of the antenna module.
  • the split RF signals can also be further phase-adjusted.
  • the power distribution network in the antenna module can have multiple possible implementations.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a power distribution network provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power distribution network 1 includes a radio frequency terminal 2, a plurality of feed terminals 3 and a power distribution device 11.
  • the first terminal 111 of the power distribution device 11 is connected to the radio frequency terminal 2, and the plurality of second terminals 112 of the power distribution device 11 are correspondingly connected to the plurality of feed terminals 3.
  • the radio frequency terminal 2 is used to connect the radio frequency terminal of the radio frequency circuit, and the feed terminal 3 is used to connect the corresponding feed point.
  • the power distribution device 11 is used to distribute power according to the preset power distribution parameters. The amplitude of the radio frequency signal is adjusted between the first end and the plurality of second ends.
  • the feeding point corresponding to the feeding end 3 may be a plurality of feeding points corresponding to at least one antenna radiator, and each antenna radiator includes at least one feeding point.
  • the power distribution device 11 can output the RF signal input from the first end 111 to the RF end 3 into multiple RF signals with the same or different amplitudes to the second end 112, and output the signals through the antenna radiator through the corresponding feeding end 3 connected to the feeding point of the antenna radiator.
  • the power distribution device 11 is used to adjust the amplitude of the RF signal between the first end 111 and the multiple second ends 112 according to the preset power distribution parameters.
  • P0 may be the total power of the radio frequency signal of the first end 111
  • Sum(A i ) may be the sum of the power allocation parameters.
  • the present application does not limit the technical solution of obtaining the power of the radio frequency signal of the second end 112 by using the preset power allocation parameters.
  • the preset power allocation parameters of the power distribution device 11 may be the same or different.
  • the preset power allocation parameters of the power distribution devices at the four second ends 112 are (0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25), and for the RF signal in the 800 MHz operating frequency band, the preset power allocation parameters of the power distribution devices at the four second ends 112 are (0.3, 0.3, 0.2, 0.2).
  • the present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on this.
  • the preset power allocation parameter of the power allocation device 11 may be a fixed power allocation parameter.
  • the fixed power allocation parameter can be implemented by the hardware device of the power allocation device 11, and the RF signal input by the first end 111 is split into multiple RF signals corresponding to the fixed power allocation parameter, and connected to the corresponding feeding end 3 through the second end 112 for output, so that the multiple feeding ends 3 can be connected to the corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator, so that Multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • the preset power parameters of the power allocation device 11 can also be dynamically adjusted in response to the user's setting operation, so that the user can adjust the power allocation parameters accordingly according to the performance of the antenna cluster, thereby being able to adjust the power allocation parameters more flexibly.
  • the power distribution device 11 can also adjust the amplitude of the RF signals received by the multiple second ends 112 through the feeding points, and combine the adjusted RF signals and send them to the RF circuit through the first end 111, thereby realizing the RF signal receiving function.
  • Figure 19 shows a structural schematic diagram of another power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power distribution network 1 also includes a first impedance matching device 12, and the first end 111 of the power distribution device 11 is connected to the RF end 2 through the first impedance matching device 12.
  • the first impedance matching device 12 can be an impedance matching network (Matching Network, MN).
  • MN Monitoring Network
  • antennas are needed to receive and transmit radio frequency signals. In the process of the antenna receiving signals, whether the impedance between the antenna module and the radio frequency circuit is matched will directly affect the performance of the antenna receiving and transmitting signals.
  • Adding the first impedance matching device 12 to the power distribution network 1 can reduce signal reflections caused by impedance mismatch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.
  • the impedance matching network can be designed based on the reflection parameters of the antenna and the operating frequency of the antenna cluster, which will not be elaborated here.
  • S parameters reflection parameters
  • FIG20 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of another power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power distribution network 1 further includes at least one phase shifting device 13.
  • One or more second ends 112 of the power distribution device 11 are connected to the corresponding feeding end 3 through the phase shifting device 13.
  • the phase shifting device 13 Used to adjust the phase of the RF signal according to the preset phase shift parameters.
  • phase shift parameters of the phase shift device 13 may be the same or different, and the present disclosure does not impose any limitation on this.
  • the phase shift parameter of the phase shift device 13 can be a fixed phase shift parameter.
  • the fixed phase shift parameter can be achieved by connecting a fixed phase shifter on the corresponding RF line, and the phase of the RF signal output to the second end 112 is fixedly adjusted, and the feeding point is connected through the corresponding feeding terminal 3 for output, so that multiple feeding terminals can be connected to the corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator, so that multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • phase shift of the phase shift device 13 can also be dynamically adjusted in response to the user's setting operation, so that the user can adjust the phase shift parameters accordingly according to the performance of the antenna cluster, thereby being able to adjust the power allocation parameters more flexibly.
  • a phase shifting device 13 when the phase difference of the RF signals of the corresponding multiple feeding points of the antenna cluster within its operating frequency is a fixed value, a phase shifting device 13 can be set at the m feeding ends of the power distribution device, where m ⁇ n, and the phase adjustment of the phase shifting device 13 at different feeding ends can be the same or different.
  • at least one feeding end of the power distribution device 11 without a phase shifting device 13 can be used as a reference phase zero point, and a phase shifting device 13 can be set at other feeding ends, and the phase of the phase shifting device 13 can be set to a phase difference value relative to the reference phase zero point.
  • the amplitude and phase of the RF signal input to the RF end can be flexibly adjusted through the power distribution network, so that multiple feeding ends can be connected to corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator, and multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • the power distribution device 11 can also use the phase shift device 13 to The multiple second ends 112 adjust the phases of the RF signals received through the feeding points, combine the adjusted RF signals, and send them to the RF circuit through the first end 111, thereby realizing the RF signal receiving function.
  • the above-mentioned power distribution parameters and phase shift parameters can be collectively referred to as the weight coefficient of the power distribution network 1.
  • the weight coefficient is a vector including power distribution and phase adjustment.
  • the RF signal input to the RF end can be flexibly powered and phase adjusted, so that multiple feeding ends can be connected to corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator, and multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • the existing power distribution network can also be selected.
  • a common equal power distribution device can be selected as the power distribution device 11, such as a Wilkinson power divider or a T-type power divider.
  • the equal power distribution device can be directly connected to the corresponding feed end 3 through an RF line (i.e., there is no need to connect the phase shifting device 13).
  • FIG 21 shows a structural schematic diagram of another power distribution network provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the power distribution network 1 also includes multiple second impedance matching devices 14, and the second end 112 of the phase shifting device 13 or the power distribution device 11 is connected to the feeding end 3 through the second impedance matching device 14.
  • the phase shifting device 13 can be connected to the feeding end 3 through the second impedance matching device 14.
  • the second end 112 of the power distribution device 11 can be connected to the feeding end 3 through the second impedance matching device 14.
  • the second impedance matching device 14 can adjust the self-impedance of the antenna radiator to increase the degree of freedom when forming an antenna cluster.
  • the power distribution network can flexibly distribute the power and adjust the phase of the RF signal input by the RF end, and can also adjust the self-impedance of the antenna radiator, so that multiple feeding ends can be connected to the corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator, so that multiple feeding ends can be connected to the corresponding feeding points in at least one antenna radiator.
  • the feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • the power distribution network 1 of the antenna module 10 included in the present application can be simplified according to the actual needs of the antenna cluster to be formed. For example, in some cases, it is not necessary to adjust the phase of the RF signal, and the beneficial effect of forming an antenna cluster can still be obtained. At this time, the power distribution network 1 can be adjusted to simplify or omit the corresponding device, such as using the power distribution network mentioned in the embodiment corresponding to Figure 18 or Figure 19 to simplify the phase shifting device.
  • the functions of the power distribution network 1 of the antenna module 10 included in the present application may be replaced by a chip with corresponding functions, and the antenna cluster thus formed may achieve similar or identical beneficial effects.
  • Fig. 22 shows a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 22, the electronic device 100 includes the antenna module 10 of the first aspect described above.
  • the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wearable device, a vehicle-mounted device, an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, a laptop computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), and other electronic devices.
  • AR augmented reality
  • VR virtual reality
  • UMPC ultra-mobile personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the antenna radiator including the antenna module 10 in the electronic device 100 may be a metal frame antenna, a flexible circuit board antenna, or a laser-engraved antenna.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the type of the antenna radiator.
  • the antenna module of any one of the first aspects can be connected to at least one antenna radiator through multiple feeding points, so that multiple feeding points work together to form an antenna cluster, which can effectively improve the performance of the antenna device.
  • the above antenna module can be equivalent to an independent antenna device, connected to the RF port of the electronic device, and has no impact on the existing RF architecture.
  • the performance of the antenna device can be improved by utilizing the antenna modules constituting the antenna cluster without changing the radio frequency architecture of the electronic device, thereby improving the communication performance and user experience of the electronic device.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了天线模块(10)及电子设备(100)。天线模块(10)包括：至少一个天线辐射体(4)和功率分配网络(1)，所述功率分配网络的多个馈电端(3)用于连接所述至少一个天线辐射体(4)中对应的多个馈电点，每个所述天线辐射体(4)包括多个馈电点，所述功率分配网络(1)用于将射频信号分配到所述天线辐射体(4)中对应的多个馈电点。

Description

天线模块及电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2023年5月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为202310576770.X、发明名称为“天线模块及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，具体涉及一种天线模块及电子设备。
背景技术
随着现代通信技术的发展，电子设备(例如终端)的性能、功能、以及集成度都在不断提高，以满足日益丰富且多变的使用场景与用户需求。
目前终端设备中的天线设计普遍受制于终端设备较高的集成度。终端设备中的天线器件由于受制于其尺寸、净空以及激发模式，因此很难同时兼顾多个天线的性能指标。例如，通常情况下根据终端设备的使用环境，在不改变天线器件性能的前提下，可以通过提高射频端的发射功率，提升终端设备的空中下载技术(Over The Air，OTA)的性能，但终端设备的比吸收率(Specific Absorption Ratio，SAR)会随着发射功率的提高而增加。
在不改变现有设备的射频架构的情况下，很难提升天线性能，进而影响终端设备的通信性能和用户体验。
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本申请旨在提供一种天线模块及电子设备，以提升终端设备中天线器件 的性能。
根据本公开实施例的第一方面，提供一种天线模块，包括功率分配网络和至少一个天线辐射体，每个所述天线辐射体包括多个馈电点，所述功率分配网络的多个馈电端用于连接所述天线辐射体中对应的多个馈电点，所述功率分配网络用于将射频信号分配到所述天线辐射体中对应的多个馈电点。
根据本公开实施例的第二方面，提供一种电子设备，包括上述第一方面所述的天线模块。
本公开的实施例，射频信号连接到至少一个天线辐射体对应的多个馈电点，至少一个天线辐射体对应的多个馈电点能够协同工作组成天线簇，进而提升电子设备中天线器件的性能。由于射频信号被分散到单个天线辐射体的不同位置的多个馈电点或分散到位于电子设备不同位置的多个天线辐射体，减小了能量辐射的聚集效应，在发射功率相同的情况下，可以有效地降低电子设备的SAR值。还可以激发不同的天线辐射模式，在一定程度上改善了天线远场辐射图的方向性。有效提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
本公开的实施例，能够通过多个馈电点可以连接到至少一个天线辐射体，使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，有效提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的，并不能限制本公开。本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1示出本申请实施例提供的一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图2示出本申请实施例提供的一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图；
图3示出本申请实施例提供的一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图；
图4示出本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图；
图5示出本申请实施例提供的另一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图；
图6示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图；
图7示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图；
图8示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图；
图9示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图；
图10示出本申请实施例提供的另一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图；
图11示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图；
图12示出本申请实施例提供的天线模块的电流分布图；
图13示出本申请实施例提供的天线模块与相关单馈电的效率对比图；
图14示出本申请实施例提供的天线模块与相关单馈电的实现增益对比CDF图；
图15示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图；
图16示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图；
图17示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图；
图18示出本申请实施例提供的一种功率分配网络的结构示意图；
图19示出本申请实施例提供的另一种功率分配网络的结构示意图；
图20示出本申请实施例提供的又一种功率分配网络的结构示意图；
图21示出本申请实施例提供的又一种功率分配网络的结构示意图；
图22示出本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能 的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
图1示出本申请实施例提供的一种天线模块的结构示意图，如图1所示，天线模块10包括功率分配网络1和至少一个天线辐射体4，每个天线辐射体4包括多个馈电点，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3用于连接天线辐射体4中对应的多个馈电点，功率分配网络1用于将射频信号分配到天线辐射体4中对应的多个馈电点。
相关的馈电方式一般为单馈电方式，即射频信号连接天线辐射体包括一个馈电点和一个接地点，在本申请实施例中，每一个天线辐射体4可以包括多个馈电点，在一些可能的实现方式中，天线辐射体4可以不包括接地点。功率分配网络1将射频信号分配到一个或者多个天线辐射体对应的多个馈电点。至少一个天线辐射体包含的多个馈电点之间可以组成天线簇，例如同一个天线辐射体包含的多个馈电点之间可以组成天线簇，多个天线辐射体分别 包含的多个馈电点之间也可以组成天线簇。与相关单馈电的实现方式相比，在每个天线辐射体包括多个馈电点的情况下，可以通过更灵活方式组成天线簇，由于减小了能量辐射的聚集效应，在发射功率相同的情况下，可以有效地降低电子设备的SAR值。另外通过组成天线簇，还可以激发不同的天线辐射模式，在一定程度上改善了天线远场辐射图的方向性。
在一些实施例中，天线辐射体4可以不包括接地点，通过在天线辐射体上设置多个馈电点，由于改变了天线辐射体在其工作频率或频段的电流分布，此时所能激发的天线辐射模式与相关单馈电方式(即天线辐射体单个馈电点和单个接地点)差异化更加明显，可以改善远场辐射图的方向性。在一些实施例中，在天线辐射体4不包括接地点的情况下，可以按照预设倍数增大天线辐射体4的尺寸。其中，预设倍数大于1，可选的，该预设倍数可以为1.2-2倍。
本领域技术人员容易理解，相关单馈电方式(即天线辐射体单个馈电点和单个接地点)中，每个天线辐射体的尺寸是基于预设的天线指标结合天线设计(例如天线辐射体的个数、位置)确定的。每个天线辐射体的尺寸(预设尺寸)可以相同也可以不同。在此基础上，可以根据本申请实施例的技术方式，在天线辐射体上设置多个馈电点，取消相关单馈电方式中涉及的接地点，并按照预设倍数增大天线辐射体的尺寸，预设倍数大于1，可选的，该预设倍数可以为1.2-2倍，相对于相关单馈电方式，本申请实施例的技术方式构成的天线簇，可以提升天线带宽和天线效率，同时由于辐射模式的变化与叠加，天线辐射图的方向性也会得到改善。
在一些实施例中，天线辐射体包括有接地点的天线辐射体和没有接地点的天线辐射体，其中，没有接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸大于有接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸。
在多个天线辐射体4包括有接地点的天线辐射体和没有接地点的天线辐射体的情况下，可以增大没有接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸(预设倍数大于1， 可选的，该预设倍数可以为1.2-2倍)，相应的，有接地点的天线辐射体的可以保持不变。换句话说，在天线辐射体不包括接地点的情况下，可以将大于包括接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸作为该没有接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸。
在一些实施例中，天线辐射体为金属边框天线、柔性电路板天线或者镭雕天线，本申请对天线辐射体的类型不做限制。
图2示出本申请实施例提供的一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图，如图2所示，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3连接天线辐射体4(柔性电路板天线)上的多个馈电点，天线辐射体4未接地，即省略了相关的天线辐射体的接地，具体馈电点的设置可以根据天线性能的优化目标通过仿真计算的方式确定，本公开对具体馈电点的选择不做特别限定。
由于改变了天线辐射体在其工作频率或频段的电流分布，此时所能激发的天线辐射模式与相关单馈电方式差异化更加明显，当按照预设倍数增大天线辐射体的尺寸(预设倍数大于1，可选的，该预设倍数是1.2-2倍)时，构成的天线簇可以获得提升带宽和效率的有益效果，同时由于辐射模式的变化与叠加，天线器件的远场辐射图的方向性也会得到改善。
图3示出本申请实施例提供的一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图，如图3所示，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3连接天线辐射体4(金属边框天线)上的多个馈电点。在一种可能的实现方式中当天线辐射体4为金属边框天线且省略接地点时，馈电点可以在天线辐射体的多个天线辐射分支上对称分布，各个馈电所激发的天线辐射模式与传统单馈电方案相比差异化更加明显，此时馈电可以设置在对称的位置且天线辐射体4的尺寸相比于传统单馈电方案有所增加，当按照预设倍数增大天线辐射体的尺寸(预设倍数大于1，可选的，该预设倍数是1.2-2倍)时，构成的天线簇可以获得带宽和效率的有益效果，同时由于辐射模式的变化与叠加，天线器件的远场辐射图的方向性也会得到改善。具体馈电点的设置也可以根据天线性能的优化目标通过仿真计算的方式确定，本公开对具体馈电点的选择不做特别限定。
采用上述的技术方式，通过多个馈电点连接到天线辐射体，使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，可以在不改变天线模块外部接口结构的情况下有效提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
在一些实施例中，每个所述天线辐射体还包括接地点。
通常情况下，馈电可以连接到天线辐射体的任意位置，根据构成天线簇的有益效果和性能需求，可以对馈电的连接位置进行调整。
在一些可能的实现方式中，天线辐射体可以包括一个辐射枝节，接地点可以设置于该辐射枝节上，多个馈电点可以设置于接地点的两侧，也可以设置于接地点的一侧。多个馈电点之间的距离可以相同，例如可以均匀分布在该一个辐射枝节。
在一些可能的实现方式中，天线辐射体可以包括至少两个天线辐射枝节，所述辐射枝节存在至少一个交汇处，接地点可以设置于以下位置中的任一种：
至少两个辐射枝节的交汇处；
至少两个辐射枝节中的主辐射枝节，其中，主辐射枝节为天线辐射体支持最低工作频率的辐射枝节；
至少两个辐射枝节中一个辐射枝节的边缘，其中，边缘为一个辐射枝节远离交汇处的一端。
图4示出本申请实施例提供的另一种天线模块的结构示意图，如图4所示，包括功率分配网络1和至少一个天线辐射体4，每个天线辐射体4包括多个馈电点，至少一个天线辐射体4包括接地点5，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3用于连接至少一个天线辐射体4中对应的馈电点，功率分配网络1用于将射频信号分配到天线辐射体4中对应的多个馈电点。
在一些实施例中，天线辐射体可以为柔性电路板天线，天线辐射体包括至少两个辐射枝节，接地点设置于辐射枝节的交汇处或者至少两个辐射枝节中的主辐射枝节，其中，主辐射枝节为天线辐射体支持的最低工作频率所对应的辐射枝节。
根据工作频率的不同，每个频段对应的辐射枝节的尺寸也不同。工作频率越低，对应的波长越长，其对应的辐射枝节的尺寸越大，所以，在一些可能的实现方式中，可以将天线辐射体设计的最低工作频率对应的辐射枝节作为主辐射枝节，可以将接地点设置于该主辐射枝节。在天线辐射体设计多个可能的工作频率的情况下，也可以将接地点设置于多个工作频率对应的多个辐射枝节的交汇处，天线辐射体也可以仅包括一个工作频率，即天线辐射体仅包括一个辐射枝节。
采用上述技术方式，每个天线辐射体4包括多个馈电点，至少一个天线辐射体4包括接地点5，换言之，即可以是每个天线辐射体均包括接地点，也可以是部分天线辐射体包括接地点，不同天线辐射体中包括的馈电点数量可以相同，也可以不同。通过多个天线辐射体包括的多个馈电点的协同，能够使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，有效提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
图5示出本申请实施例提供的另一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图，如图5所示，天线辐射体4包括第一馈电点61和第二馈电点62，其中，第一馈电点61与接地点5的距离小于第一预设距离阈值，第二馈电点62位于第一馈电点61和接地点5之间，且第二馈电点62与第一馈电点61的距离小于第二预设距离阈值，其中，第二预设距离阈值小于第一预设距离阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第一预设距离阈值可以为λ/4，第二预设距离阈值为λ/8，其中λ为天线辐射体4设计的最低工作频率对应的自由空间波长。
采用上述的技术方式，第一馈电点61和第二馈电点62可以同时获得较好的自阻抗，可以提升天线簇的天线效率，同时可以降低电子设备的SAR值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，可以根据天线模块的反射参数对馈电点的位置进行进一步调整，在连接到天线辐射体4的各个馈电的自阻抗小于或者等于第一预设阻抗阈值的情况下，为了避免馈电间的耦合效应对构成天线簇的阻抗产生不利影响，可以将第一馈电点61和第二馈电点62之间的间距设置 为大于第三预设距离阈值。其中，第一预设阻抗阈值可以为-6dB，第三预设距离阈值可以为λh/16，其中，λh为天线辐射体设计的最高工作频率对应的实际波长。上述实际波长是考虑天线模块的整体设计通过计算或者仿真得到的实际应用场景中的波长。
在另一可能的实现方式中，在连接到天线辐射体的各个馈电的自阻抗小于或者等于第一预设阻抗阈值的情况下，为了避免馈电间耦合效应对构成天线簇的阻抗产生不利影响，也可以在第一馈电点61和第二馈电点62之间引入解耦结构。
采用上述的技术方式，能够通过多个馈电点可以连接到至少一个天线辐射体，使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，有效提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
在另一可能的实现方式中，在连接到天线辐射体4的各个馈电的自阻抗大于第二预设阻抗阈值的情况下，第一馈电点61和第二馈电点62之间的间距可以设置为小于第四预设距离阈值。其中，第二预设阻抗阈值可以为-6dB，第四预设距离阈值可以为λ1/16，其中，λ1为天线辐射体4设计的最低工作频率对应的实际波长。上述实际波长是考虑天线模块的整体设计通过计算或者仿真得到的实际应用场景中的波长。
采用上述的技术方式，通过连接天线辐射体中的多个馈电点，馈电点间的耦合波与各个馈电位置的回波产生相消干涉，构成天线簇，进而改善天线器件的阻抗，获得提升天线带宽和效率的有益效果。
图6示出本申请实施例提供的另一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图，如图6所示，天线辐射体4包括第三馈电点63和第四馈电点64，第三馈电点63和第四馈电点64设置于接地点5的两侧，第三馈电点63和第四馈电点64之间的间距小于第五预设距离阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第五预设距离阈值可以是λ/4，其中λ为天线辐射体4设计的最低工作频率对应的自由空间波长。
采用上述的技术方式，通过连接天线辐射体中的多个馈电点，馈电点间的耦合波与各个馈电位置的回波产生相消干涉，构成天线簇，进而改善天线器件的阻抗，获得提升天线带宽和效率的有益效果。
在一些实施例中，功率分配网络1的馈电端3与天线辐射体4之间的对应关系可以根据构成天线簇的需要和有益效果进行灵活设置。既可以是功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3连接到单个天线辐射体4的多个馈电点。也可以是功率分配网络1的每个馈电端3通过馈电点连接到各自对应的天线辐射体4。还可以是功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3通过馈电连接到与之对应的天线辐射体4，每个天线辐射体4通过多个馈电点连接功率分配网络1的至少一个馈电端3。
图7示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图，如图7所示，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3连接到天线辐射体4中的多个馈电点。
天线辐射体4包括至少两个辐射枝节，接地点5可以设置于辐射枝节的交汇处或者至少一个辐射枝节中的主辐射枝节，其中，主辐射枝节可以为天线辐射体4设计的最低工作频率所对应的辐射枝节。
多个馈电点的位置可以根据需要灵活设置，在一些可能的实现方式中，可以根据天线性能优化的目标通过仿真确定每个馈电点在天线辐射体4上的具体位置，本公开对具体的连接位置不做限定。例如多个馈电点也可以灵活设置在接地点5的两侧。
采用上述的技术方式，一方面可以利用馈电间的耦合效应，提升天线器件的性能，另一方面由于多馈电的使用，激发不同的辐射模式，使得射频信号通过天线辐射体的不同位置进行辐射，改善了辐射能量的聚集效应，降低了电子设备的SAR值。
图8示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图，如图8所示，天线模块10包括两个天线辐射体4，功率分配网络1的多个馈 电端3分别连接到两个天线辐射体4的多个馈电点，其中每个天线辐射体包括两个馈电点。图9示出本申请实施例提供的又一种柔性电路板天线模块的结构示意图，如图9所示，天线模块10包括两个天线辐射体4，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3分别连接到两个天线辐射体4的馈电点，其中每个天线辐射体包括一个馈电点。
本领域技术人员可以理解，天线模块10可以包括更多个天线辐射体4，每个天线辐射体4上可以包括至少一个馈电点。每个天线辐射体4上的馈电点的数量可以相同，也可以不同。
当功率分配网络1连接到置于电子设备不同位置的多个天线辐射体4时，可以利用其各自位置的优势互补，一方面可以将射频信号分散到电子设备的不同位置进行辐射，改善了辐射能量的聚集效应，降低了电子设备的SAR值，另一方面位于电子设备不同位置的天线辐射体不容易同时受到电子设备使用环境的影响，减弱了人体对于天线器件性能的影响，可以提高天线辐射信号的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，天线辐射体可以为金属边框天线，天线辐射体包括至少两个辐射枝节，至少两个辐射枝节存在至少一个交汇处，接地点设置于至少两个辐射枝节的交汇处或者至少两个辐射枝节中一个辐射枝节的边缘，其中，边缘为一个辐射枝节远离交汇处的一端。
图10示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图，如图10所示，天线辐射体4包括第一辐射枝节41和第二辐射枝节42，接地点5设置于第一辐射枝节41的边缘，第五馈电点65设置于第二辐射枝节42，且与第二辐射枝节42的边缘的距离小于第六预设距离阈值，第六馈电点66设置于第一辐射枝节41，且第六馈电点66设置于第五馈电点65和接地点5之间。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第六预设距离阈值可以为λ/2，其中λ为天线辐射体设计的最低工作频率对应的自由空间波长。
采用上述的技术方式构成的天线簇，可以有效地分散天线的辐射能量，降低电子设备的SAR值。
图11示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图，如图11所示，天线辐射体4包括第三辐射枝节43和第四辐射枝节44，接地点5设置于第三辐射枝节43和第四辐射枝节44的交汇处，第七馈电点67设置于第三辐射枝节43且与第三辐射枝节的边缘的距离小于第七预设距离阈值，第八馈电点68设置于第四辐射枝节44且与第四辐射枝节44的边缘的距离小于第八预设距离阈值。
在一些可能的实现方式中，第七预设距离阈值可以为λ/2，第八预设距离阈值可以为λ/2，其中，λ为天线辐射体设计的最低工作频率对应的自由空间波长，第七预设距离阈值和第八预设距离阈值可以相同，也可以不同。
采用上述的技术方式，当天线辐射体为金属边框天线且在馈电间放置接地，此时各个馈电位置的调整更为独立，通过连接多个馈电点形成的天线簇可以在其对应的工作频段内获得较好的自阻抗，构成的天线簇可以在多个频段内获得均衡的性能。
图12示出图11所示的实施例提供的天线模块的电流分布图，如图12所示，当天线辐射体的接地点按照图11的实施例设置于天线辐射分支的交汇处，在第七馈电点和第八馈电点工作在相同的工作频段，射频信号按照幅度相等相位相同的分配方式构成天线簇之后，从电流流向分布看，通过连接多个馈电点形成的天线簇，天线辐射信号的幅度和相位基本对称，可以在工作频段内获得较为均衡的性能。
图13示出图11所示的实施例提供的天线模块与相关单馈电的效率对比图，如图13所示，当天线辐射体的接地点按照图11的实施例设置于天线辐射分支的交汇处，在第七馈电点和第八馈电点工作在相同的工作频段，射频信号按照幅度相等相位相同的分配方式构成天线簇之后，相比单个馈电的天线模块有着显著的提升。
图14示出图11所示的实施例提供的天线模块与相关单馈电的实现增益对比CDF图，如图14所示，当天线辐射体4的接地点5按照图11的实施例设置于天线辐射分支的交汇处，在第七馈电点67和第八馈电点68工作在相同的工作频段，射频信号按照幅度相等相位相同的分配方式构成天线簇之后，基于天线簇远场辐射图的实现增益所绘制该CDF曲线，相比于天线辐射体设置单个馈电点的相关天线模块，天线簇在0dBi处对应的百分比更低，此时天线簇的全向性更好。
如下表1所示，当天线辐射体的接地点按照图11的实施例设置于天线辐射分支的交汇处，在第七馈电点67和第八馈电点68工作在相同的工作频段，射频信号按照幅度相等相位相同的分配方式构成天线簇之后，在总发射功率相同且天线总效率更高的情况下，组成天线簇后的天线模块10的SAR值还显著低于天线辐射体设置单个馈电点的相关天线模块。
表1
图15示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图，如图15所示，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3连接到天线辐射体4中的多个馈电点。
天线辐射体4包括至少一个辐射枝节，接地点5可以设置于任一辐射枝节的边缘点。多个馈电点的位置可以根据需要灵活设置，例如可以均匀分布在多个辐射枝节。
本领域技术人员可以理解，天线模块的性能还与天线辐射体的形状，位置，天线模块所属电子设备的结构设计有关，本领域技术人员也可以在本实施例的设计基础上，结合天线辐射体的形状，位置，天线模块所属电子设备的结构设计通过仿真对馈电点的位置进行适当调整。
采用上述的技术方式，一方面可以利用馈电间的耦合效应，提升天线模块的性能，另一方面通过连接天线辐射体的多个馈电点，激发不同的辐射模式，使得射频信号通过天线辐射体的不同位置进行辐射，改善了辐射能量的聚集效应，降低了电子设备的SAR值。
图16示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图，如图16所示，天线模块包括两个天线辐射体4，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3分别连接到两个天线辐射体4的多个馈电点，其中每个天线辐射体包括两个馈电点。图17示出本申请实施例提供的又一种金属边框天线模块的结构示意图，如图17所示，天线模块包括两个天线辐射体4，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3分别连接到两个天线辐射体4的馈电点，其中每个天线辐射体包括一个馈电点。
接地点5可以设置于天线辐射体4的边缘点。多个馈电点的位置可以根据需要灵活设置，例如可以均匀分布在多个天线辐射体4。
本领域技术人员可以理解，天线模块的性能还与天线辐射体的形状，位置，天线模块所属电子设备的结构设计有关，本领域技术人员也可以在本实施例的设计基础上，结合天线辐射体的形状，位置，天线模块所属电子设备的结构设计通过仿真对馈电点的位置进行适当调整。
当功率分配网络的馈电端连接到设置于电子设备不同位置的多个天线辐射体时，可以利用其各自位置的优势互补，一方面可以将射频信号分散到电子设备的不同位置进行辐射，改善了辐射能量的聚集效应，降低了电子设备的SAR值，另一方面位于电子设备不同位置的天线辐射体不容易同时受到电子设备使用环境的影响，减弱了人体对于天线器件性能的影响，可以提高天线辐射信号的稳定性。
本申请所包含的天线模块包含但不限于实施例所示的天线辐射体4的类型、数量、形状、放置位置、以及组合形式，例如，天线辐射体4还可以是镭雕天线，本领域技术人员可以在上述金属边框天线或柔性电路板天线的基 础上，基于天线设计领域的知识进行镭雕天线相关接地点和多个馈电点的设计和性能优化。本领域技术人员可以理解，天线模块10可以包括更多个天线辐射体4，每个天线辐射体4上可以包括多个馈电点。每个天线辐射体4上的馈电点的数量可以相同，也可以不同。天线模块10包含的天线辐射体4的类型不限于实施例提到的柔性电路板天线、金属边框天线，也可以是镭雕天线，在天线模块10包括多个天线辐射体4时，功率分配网络1的多个馈电端3可以连接相同或不同类型的天线辐射体，每个天线辐射体4的馈电点的数量可以相同也可以不同。当天线模块10的馈电端连接到不同类型的天线辐射体时，可以利用其不同的远场辐射特性，形成辐射图的互补或正向叠加，例如在其各自的不利方向上(即远场辐射图凹陷处)形成互补，提高天线器件的全向性，或在特定的方向上形成辐射图的正向叠加，提高天线器件的方向性。
本领域技术人员可以理解，上述任意一个或者多个包含多个馈电点的天线辐射体也可以和相关单馈电的天线辐射体组合构成本申请的天线模块，可以更灵活地使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，有效提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
为了能够使得天线模块组成的天线簇在其工作频率范围内获得较好的性能，功率分配网络可以将射频信号拆分成多个射频信号，连接到至少一个天线辐射体的多个馈电点，提升天线模块的性能。也可以进一步对拆分的射频信号进行相位调整。根据调整的需求不同，天线模块中的功率分配网络可以有多种可能的实施方式。
图18示出本申请实施例提供的一种功率分配网络的结构示意图，如图18所示，功率分配网络1包括射频端2，多个馈电端3以及功率分配装置11，功率分配装置11的第一端111连接射频端2，功率分配装置11的多个第二端112与多个馈电端3对应连接，射频端2用于连接射频电路的射频端，馈电端3用于连接对应的馈电点，功率分配装置11用于按照预设的功率分配参数 在所述第一端和所述多个第二端之间对射频信号的幅度进行调整。
在一些可能的实现方式中，上述馈电端3对应的馈电点可以是至少一个天线辐射体分别对应的多个馈电点，每个天线辐射体上包括至少一个馈电点。
功率分配装置11可以将射频端3通过将第一端111输入的射频信号拆分成多个幅度相同或者不同的射频信号输出到第二端112，并通过对应的馈电端3连接天线辐射体的馈电点通过天线辐射体进行输出。在一些实施例中，功率分配装置11用于按照预设的功率分配参数在第一端111和多个第二端112之间对射频信号的幅度进行调整。
示例地，在功率分配装置11的第二端112的数量为n个的情况下，该预设的功率分配参数可以为Ai，其中i＝1～n，第j个第二端112的射频信号的功率可以是将预设的功率分配参数作为功率分配比例得到的，例如可以表示为
其中P0可以为第一端111的射频信号的总功率，Sum(Ai)为功率分配参数的和值。本申请对通过预设的功率分配参数获取第二端112的射频信号的功率的技术方案不做限制。
在不同的工作频率的情况下，功率分配装置11的预设功率分配参数可以相同也可以不同，例如对于2GHz工作频段的射频信号，四个第二端112的功率分配装置的预设功率分配参数为(0.25，0.25，0.25，0.25)，而对于800MHz工作频段的射频信号，四个第二端112的功率分配装置的预设功率分配参数为(0.3，0.3，0.2，0.2)，本公开对此不做限制。
在一些可能的实现方式中，功率分配装置11的预设功率分配参数可以是固定功率分配参数，例如当构成的天线簇在其工作频率内不需要对功率分配参数进行动态调整的情况下，可以通过功率分配装置11的硬件器件实现该固定功率分配参数，将第一端111输入的射频信号拆分成该固定功率分配参数对应的多个射频信号，并通过第二端112连接到对应的馈电端3进行输出，从而使得多个馈电端3可以连接至少一个天线辐射体中对应的馈电点，使得 多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，从而提升天线器件的性能。
在另一可能的实现方式中，功率分配装置11的预设功率参数还可以响应于用户的设置操作进行动态调整，从而可以使得用户根据构成的天线簇的性能对功率分配参数进行相应的调整，从而能够更加灵活地调整功率分配参数。
本领域技术人员可以理解，功率分配装置11还可以对多个第二端112通过馈电点接收到的射频信号的幅度进行调整，并将调整后的射频信号进行合并，通过第一端111发送给射频电路，从而实现射频信号的接收功能。
图19示出本申请实施例提供的另一种功率分配网络的结构示意图，如图19所示，功率分配网络1还包括第一阻抗匹配装置12，功率分配装置11的第一端111通过第一阻抗匹配装置12连接射频端2。
具体的，第一阻抗匹配装置12可以是阻抗匹配网络(Matching Network，MN)。在移动电子设备中，需要用天线来接收和发射射频信号，而在天线接收信号的过程中，天线模块与射频电路之间的阻抗是否匹配会直接影响天线收发信号的性能。在功率分配网络1中加入第一阻抗匹配装置12可以减少因为阻抗不匹配导致的信号反射，从而提升天线的性能。在一些可能的实现方式中，可以通过天线的反射参数和天线簇的工作频率进行阻抗匹配网络的设计，此处不再展开赘述。
天线辐射体的自阻抗以及馈电间的耦合效应通常为矢量，通常情况下可以使用反射参数表示(S参数)，其中Smn,m＝n表示天线辐射体在馈电位置的自阻抗，Smn,m≠n表示各个馈电间的耦合关系。因此馈电间耦合的强弱和方向均会对构成天线簇时的有益效果产生影响。所以，不仅是射频信号的功率分配会影响最终天线簇的性能，每一个馈电端的射频信号的相位也会对天线簇的性能造成影响。
图20示出本申请实施例提供的又一种功率分配网络的结构示意图，如图20所示，功率分配网络1还包括至少一个移相装置13，功率分配装置11的一个或者多个第二端112通过移相装置13连接对应的馈电端3，移相装置13 用于按照预设的移相参数对射频信号的相位进行调整。
示例地，在连接移相装置13的馈电端的数量为n个的情况下，该预设的移相参数可以为φi，其中i＝1～n。
在不同的工作频率的情况下，移相装置13的移相参数可以相同也可以不同，本公开对此不做限制。
在一些可能的实现方式中，移相装置13的移相参数可以是固定移相参数，例如当构成的天线簇在其工作频率内不需要对移相参数进行动态调整的情况下，可以通过在对应的射频线路上连接固定相位移相器的方式实现该固定移相参数，对输出到第二端112的射频信号的相位进行固定相位调整，并通过对应的馈电端3连接馈电点进行输出，从而使得多个馈电端可以连接至少一个天线辐射体中对应的馈电点，使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，从而提升天线器件的性能。
在另一可能的实现方式中，移相装置13的移相还可以响应于用户的设置操作进行动态调整，从而可以使得用户根据构成的天线簇的性能对移相参数进行相应的调整，从而能够更加灵活地调整功率分配参数。
在一些实施例中，当构成的天线簇在其工作频率内对应的多个馈电点的射频信号的相位差为固定值的情况下，可以在功率分配装置的m个馈电端设置移相装置13，其中m<n，不同馈电端的移相装置13的相位调整可以相同或者不同。以图20(b)为例，可以将功率分配装置11至少一个不设置移相装置13的馈电端作为参考相位零点，而在其他的馈电端设置移相装置13，移相装置13的相位可以分别设置为相对于参考相位零点的相位差值。
采用上述的技术方案，通过功率分配网络可以灵活地对射频端输入的射频信号进行幅度调整和相位调整，从而使得多个馈电端可以连接至少一个天线辐射体中对应的馈电点，多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，从而提升天线器件的性能。
本领域技术人员可以理解，功率分配装置11通过移相装置13还可以对 多个第二端112通过馈电点接收到的射频信号的相位进行调整，并将调整后的射频信号进行合并，通过第一端111发送给射频电路，从而实现射频信号的接收功能。
上述功率分配参数和移相参数可以统称为功率分配网络1的权重系数，该权重系数为包括功率分配和相位调整的矢量，通过功率分配网络的该权重系数可以灵活地对射频端输入的射频信号进行功率分配和相位调整，从而使得多个馈电端可以连接至少一个天线辐射体中对应的馈电点，多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，从而提升天线器件的性能。
本领域技术人员可以理解，当现有技术中的功率分配网络可以满足天线簇在其工作频率内的权重系数设置时，也可以选用已有的功率分配网络。例如，在构成的天线簇在其工作频率内多个馈电端3要求的射频信号的功率为等功率分配的情况下，可以选用常见的等功率分配装置作为功率分配装置11，例如威尔金森(Wilkinson)功率分配器或T型功率分配器。进一步的，在多个馈电端3要求的射频信号之间的相位差为零的情况下，可以通过将等功率分配装置通过射频线直接连接到相应的馈电端3(即不需要连接移相装置13)。
图21示出本申请实施例提供的又一种功率分配网络的结构示意图，如图21所示，功率分配网络1还包括多个第二阻抗匹配装置14，移相装置13或者功率分配装置11的第二端112通过第二阻抗匹配装置14与馈电端3连接。
示例地，在功率分配装置11的第二端112连接移相装置13的情况下，移相装置13可以通过第二阻抗匹配装置14与馈电端3连接，或者，在功率分配装置11的第二端112未连接移相装置13的情况下，功率分配装置11的第二端112可以通过第二阻抗匹配装置14与馈电端3连接。第二阻抗匹配装置14可以对天线辐射体的自阻抗进行调节，增加构成天线簇时的自由度。
采用上述的技术方案，通过功率分配网络可以灵活地对射频端输入的射频信号进行功率分配和相位调整，还可以对天线辐射体的自阻抗进行调节，从而使得多个馈电端可以连接至少一个天线辐射体中对应的馈电点，使得多 个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，从而提升天线器件的性能。
本申请所包含的天线模块10的功率分配网络1可以根据构成的天线簇的实际需求进行简化。例如在某些情况下，不需要对射频信号的相位进行调整，仍然可以获得构成天线簇的有益效果，此时可以对功率分配网络1进行调整，简化或省略相应的装置，例如采用图18或者图19对应的实施例提到的功率分配网络，简化移相装置。
本领域技术人员可以理解，本申请所包含的天线模块10的功率分配网络1的部分或全部功能可以使用具有相应功能的芯片替代，此时构成的天线簇可以实现相似或相同的有益效果。
图22示出本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意图。如图22所示，电子设备100包括上述第一方面的天线模块10。
本申请实施例提供的电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、可穿戴设备、车载设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、上网本、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)等电子设备上，本公开对电子设备的具体类型不作限制。
在一些实施例中，在电子设备100中包含天线模块10的天线辐射体可以为金属边框天线、柔性电路板天线或者镭雕天线，本公开对天线辐射体的类型不做限制。
第一方面任一项的天线模块，通过多个馈电点可以连接到至少一个天线辐射体，使得多个馈电点协同工作构成天线簇，可以有效提升天线器件的性能。上述天线模块可以等效为独立的天线器件，与电子设备的射频端口相连，对现有的射频架构不产生影响。
采用上述的技术方案，可以在不改变电子设备的射频架构的情况下，利用构成天线簇的天线模块提升天线器件的性能，从而提升电子设备的通信性能和用户体验。
总之，以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例，并非限定本申请的保护范围。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种天线模块，包括功率分配网络和至少一个天线辐射体，每个所述天线辐射体包括多个馈电点，所述功率分配网络的多个馈电端用于连接所述天线辐射体中对应的多个馈电点，所述功率分配网络用于将射频信号分配到所述天线辐射体中对应的多个馈电点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模块，其中，所述天线辐射体包括有接地点的天线辐射体和没有接地点的天线辐射体，所述没有接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸大于所述有接地点的天线辐射体的尺寸。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天线模块，其中，至少一个所述天线辐射体还包括接地点。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线模块，其中，所述天线辐射体包括至少两个辐射枝节，所述至少两个辐射枝节存在至少一个交汇处，所述接地点设置于以下位置中的任一种：
    所述至少两个辐射枝节的所述交汇处；
    所述至少两个辐射枝节中的主辐射枝节，所述主辐射枝节为所述天线辐射体支持最低工作频率的辐射枝节；
    所述至少两个辐射枝节中一个辐射枝节的边缘，所述边缘为所述一个辐射枝节远离所述交汇处的一端。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的天线模块，其中，所述天线辐射体包括第一馈电点和第二馈电点，所述第一馈电点与所述接地点的距离小于第一预设距离阈值，所述第二馈电点位于所述第一馈电点和所述接地点之间，且所述第二馈电点与所述第一馈电点的距离小于第二预设距离阈值，所述第二预设距离阈值小于所述第一预设距离阈值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线模块，其中，在连接到所述天线辐射体的各个馈电的自阻抗小于或者等于第一预设阻抗阈值的情况下，所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点之间的间距大于第三预设距离阈值；或者，
    在连接到所述天线辐射体的各个馈电的自阻抗大于第二预设阻抗阈值的情况下，所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点之间的间距小于第四预设距离阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的天线模块，其中，所述天线辐射体包括第三馈电点和第四馈电点，所述第三馈电点和所述第四馈电点设置于所述接地点的两侧，所述第三馈电点和所述第四馈电点之间的间距小于第五预设距离阈值。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的天线模块，其中，所述天线辐射体包括第一辐射枝节和第二辐射枝节，所述接地点设置于所述第一辐射枝节的边缘，第五馈电点设置于所述第二辐射枝节，且与所述第二辐射枝节的边缘的距离小于第六预设距离阈值，第六馈电点设置于所述第一辐射枝节，且所述第六馈电点设置于所述第五馈电点和所述接地点之间。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的天线模块，其中，所述天线辐射体包括第三辐射枝节和第四辐射枝节，所述接地点设置于所述第三辐射枝节和所述第四辐射枝节的交汇处，第七馈电点设置于所述第三辐射枝节且与所述第三辐射枝节的边缘的距离小于第七预设距离阈值，第八馈电点设置于所述第四辐射枝节且与所述第四辐射枝节的边缘的距离小于第八预设距离阈值。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的天线模块，其中，所述功率分配网络包括：射频端，多个馈电端以及功率分配装置，所述功率分配装置的第一端连接所述射频端，所述功率分配装置的多个第二端与所述多个馈电端对应连接，所述射频端用于连接射频电路的射频端，所述馈电端用于连接对应的馈电点，所述功率分配装置用于按照预设的功率分配参数在所述第一端和所述多个第二端之间对射频信号的幅度进行调整。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线模块，其中，所述功率分配网络还包括第一阻抗匹配装置，所述功率分配装置的所述第一端通过所述第一阻抗匹配装置连接所述射频端。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线模块，其中，所述功率分配网络还包括 至少一个移相装置，所述功率分配装置的一个或者多个所述第二端通过所述移相装置连接对应的所述馈电端，所述移相装置用于按照预设的移相参数对射频信号的相位进行调整。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线模块，其中，所述功率分配网络还包括多个第二阻抗匹配装置，所述移相装置或所述功率分配装置的第二端通过所述第二阻抗匹配装置与所述馈电端连接。
  14. 一种电子设备，包括权利要求1至13中任一项所述的天线模块。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其中，所述天线模块的天线辐射体为金属边框天线、柔性电路板天线或者镭雕天线。
PCT/CN2024/092806 2023-05-19 2024-05-13 天线模块及电子设备 Ceased WO2024240002A1 (zh)

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